Selected quad for the lemma: land_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
land_n	hold_v	service_n	tenant_n	4,774	5	10.0738	5	true

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A52872	A New and exact description of Moscovy (1.) containing its state antient and modern, situation, extent, latitude, division into provinces, rivers, soile, sterility, and fertility, with the commoditys, and observations on the extreamitys of weather hot and cold, (2.) of the citys and towns, fortification and manner of building ... (3.) of their religion, marriages, ... (4.) of the government ... (5.) their military affairs ... (6.) the revenues of the czar ... (7.) the succession of the royal house of Muscovy ... : the whole containing all that is necessary to be known concerning that vast empire.		1698 (1698)	Wing N541; ESTC R38883	23,009	33

if there be no Wars they are to make their Appearance on the Tartar Frontiers so there seldom fails of being 80000 a few more or less when they are requir'd to take the Field and greater Forces are speedily Raised on any occasion out of the supernumerary Sinabojarsky that are not in Pay till call'd upon necessary occasions and all willingly flock to the Regal Standard upon the first Notice and if a competent number be wanting the Noblemen that hold Lands of the Crown are to make them up with their Servants and Tenants call'd Colophey which when the Service is over lay down their Weapons and return to their Servil Occupations Over and above the Horsemen mention'd there are seldom less than 12000 Foot in Pay that bear Fire-Arms or Gunners called Strelseys and these are appointed to their several Posts some to Guard the City of Mosco and the Pallace others are dispos'd of in Garrisons till there be further occasion for them There are likewise in his Service a competent number of Strangers and these are Europeans of divers Nations being chiefly employ'd against the Tartars The Commanders in Chief of these Great Forces are the Voyavod Bulshaia Great Captain or Lieutenant-General under the CZAR usually chosen out of the Four Houses of the Chief Nobility he has joyn'd with him Lieutenant Generals of great Experience Beside there are Four Officers that have the Marshaling of the Army divided among them call'd Marshals of the Field every one hath his Quarters or fourth part The first is call'd Prava Polskoy or the Right-wing the second is Levoy Polskoy or the Left-wing The third Rusnoy Polskoy or the broken Band because there are Detachments made from it on any necessary occasion The fourth Storeshovoy or the Warding Band These have each Two Marshals under them who are to Muster and Train the Soldiers and do Justice on Offendors and these are commonly chosen out of the 110 I have before mention'd They receive and deliver Pay to the Army under them are the Gulavoy or Captains of Thousands Five hundreds and Hundreds The Petydesetskoy or Captains of Fifty and the Decetskiss or Captains of Tens There are beside the Lieutenant-General two other Voiavods one Master of the Ordinance who hath divers under-Officers necessary for the Service and the Walking-Captain or Scouts-Master who has under him 1000 Expert Horsemen to go out on Parties and Spy the Enemy so that a Moscovite Army appears very Formidable And indeed they have done many brave Exploits they have lately taken Asoph a very Important place and the last Year in a Set-Battel Overthrown and Ruin'd a Great Army of Turks and Tartars going compleatly Armed and well understanding the use of Fire-Arms Whereas formerly their Weapons were but slight mostly Bows and Arrows Marching in good Order more than ever as having learn'd the Art of War more perfectly from the Poles and other Neighbouring Nations They also Encamp Entrench and Lodg Advantageously being very patient of Hunger Thirst and Cold Obedient to their Officers and Ready to Charge the Enemy on all occasions They had in use a Moving Castle as they call it which mainly defended them against the Tartars Arrows and gave them a more secure Opportunity to Offend their Enemies This was Fram'd Wood carry'd on Numerous Carts which upon Occasion was easily put together and made a Standing Wall of Seven Miles or as few as they thought fit with Loopholes in it to discharge their Shot or dart their Arrows but I am not well assur'd whether they have so cumbersome a Machin now in use or not for it is little or no defence against Great Artillery which the Turks Assisting the Tartars use The Muscovites are very Expert at Defending Garrisons and are accounted there better Soldiers than in the Field however by their Wars they have greatly Enlarg'd their Borders almost on all sides them Especially since they have entertain'd Expert Officers of divers Warlike Nations who have by their Experience and Valorous Examples Cultivated and Animated the Soldiery but not too tediously to dwell on this Particular I 'll now proceed to other Matters as worthy of Note so that taking altogether I cannot doubt but I shall give the Reader all the Reasonable Satisfaction he can desire of a Country that but a few Ages past we were in a manner Ingorant of CHAP. VI. Some Account of the Vast Revenues of the CZAR by Customs and other ways arising The Coine Weights Measures and other matters Relating to Trade The strange sorts of Fish Beasts Fowl and other Rarities of Moscovy THe Customs and Revenues that Maintain so Great a Charge in War and Peace are very considerable and by a few one may guess at the rest That at Moscow amounted to 12000 Rubbles Yearly Smolensko 8000 Vobsko 12000 Novogrod-Velica 6000 Sturrarouse by Salt and other Commodities 18000 Torshock 800 Otfer 700 Yaruslave 1200 Costrome 1800 Nisna Novogrod 7000 Casa 11000 Vologda 12000 A Rubble is a Mark English And thus stands the Antient Account since the stating of which Trade is greatly encreas'd Besides this the Province of Volsko pays yearly for Tagla and Podat 18000 Rubbles Novogrod 35000 Torshock and Otser 8000 Razan 3000 Morum 12000 Colmigroe and Duyna 8000 Vologda 12000 Cuzan 28000 Vstiuga 30000 Rostove 50000. The City of Mosco 40000 Siberskoy 20000 Castrome 12000. The former in the Citys are for Custom and these latter viz. The Tagla is a Yearly Imposition raised on every Wite or Measure of Grain within the Provinces gather'd by Shozen-men a Wite contains 60 Chetfrids every Chetfrid is Three Bushels English or little less The Podat is an ordinary Rent impos'd on every Hundred There comes in a Vast Sum Yearly by the Vochin or Crown-lands The CZAR's Inheritance containing 36 Large Towns with their Territories or Hundreds belonging and a vast quantity of other Lands that bring great Incomes to the Crown The Tithes of Furs and Customs on Goods of Strangers by Navigation or otherways very much Encrease the Revenue beside other things and ways to Raise Money too Numerous to mention and for these there are Offices and Officers respectively appointed who have considerable Salarys so that the Riches of this Large Northern Kingdom appears very great and the Princes Vast Revenues very difficult to be Summ'd up And since I am come to this part of Relation I shall speak briefly of the Coine Weights and Measures that are so necessary in Trade and vary so much from ours that so Merchants and Travellers may the better understand them when their Occasions or Curiosity shall make them useful The Merchants Accounts are kept at Moscow the chief City divers ways as by those of England in Rubbles and Pence call'd by the Moscovites Muscofskins two hundred of them going to a Rubble The Duthby Grevens and Muscofskins 20 of the latter going to the former so 10 Grevens make the Rubble which is held an imaginary Coine for the Currant Mony is the Capeck worth a Stiver Flemish and