case_n and_o so_o the_o word_n of_o the_o statute_n and_o of_o the_o law_n may_v herein_o be_v satisfy_v now_o i_o hope_v i_o have_v full_o instruct_v the_o commissioner_n wherein_o they_o may_v learn_v who_o to_o imprison_v when_o to_o fine_a and_o how_o to_o amerce_v in_o a_o legal_a and_o orderly_a sort_n and_o according_a to_o the_o ancient_a and_o approve_a rule_n of_o law_n and_o of_o the_o grand_a charter_n for_o in_o those_o thing_n they_o be_v to_o direct_v their_o discretion_n by_o the_o say_a rule_n and_o they_o be_v to_o be_v guide_v thereby_o and_o be_v not_o to_o proceed_v therein_o according_a to_o their_o own_o will_n and_o herein_o i_o shall_v conclude_v the_o second_o point_n of_o this_o part_n of_o the_o law_n that_o be_v that_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n have_v power_n to_o imprison_v to_o fine_a and_o to_o amerce_v and_o that_o b._n for_o refuse_v to_o obey_v their_o order_n be_v just_o imprison_v and_o c._n be_v as_o just_o fine_v and_o for_o the_o reason_n and_o cause_n aforesaid_a the_o commissioner_n in_o their_o discretion_n though_o the_o offence_n of_o both_o be_v alike_o yet_o they_o have_v power_n to_o imprison_v the_o one_o and_o to_o fine_a the_o other_o and_o now_o i_o do_v intend_v to_o proceed_v to_o the_o four_o point_n of_o my_o case_n and_o the_o three_o point_n i_o intend_v to_o handle_v in_o a_o more_o convenient_a place_n distress_n the_o point_n of_o distress_n in_o my_o case_n be_v ground_v upon_o these_o point_n 4_o point_n word_n of_o this_o law_n viz._n and_o all_o those_o person_n and_o every_o of_o they_o to_o tax_v assess_v distrain_v and_o punish_v as_o well_o within_o the_o mete_n limit_n and_o bound_n of_o old_a time_n accustom_v or_o otherwise_o or_o elsewhere_o within_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n three_o sort_n of_o distress_n first_o there_o be_v divers_a kind_n of_o distress_n viz._n judicial_a which_o always_o issue_v out_o of_o the_o roll_n of_o the_o court._n second_o ministerial_a and_o such_o distress_n be_v to_o be_v perform_v by_o the_o officer_n of_o these_o law_n without_o any_o judgement_n direct_v the_o same_o three_o and_o there_o be_v a_o distress_n of_o common_a right_n not_o give_v nor_o award_v by_o judgement_n in_o court_n or_o by_o warrant_n of_o the_o commissioner_n but_o incident_a to_o the_o thing_n itself_o and_o first_o of_o the_o judicial_a distress_n which_o be_v award_v by_o the_o court_n upon_o a_o presentment_n find_v of_o a_o nusans_a or_o in_o the_o recovery_n of_o a_o assize_n of_o nusans_n or_o in_o a_o action_n of_o the_o case_n as_o it_o appear_v by_o the_o 42_o assiz_n plac_fw-la 15._o 32_o ed._n 3._o 23._o and_o 7_o h._n 4._o 8._o there_o a_o distringas_fw-la ad_fw-la amovendum_fw-la shall_v be_v 4._o 32_o ed._n 3._o 7_o h._n 4._o award_v to_o remove_v the_o nusans_a and_o so_o in_o case_n of_o a_o decay_n present_v as_o if_o i._n s._n suffer_v a_o bank_n or_o wall_n to_o decay_v and_o that_o be_v present_v a_o distringas_fw-la ad_fw-la reparandum_fw-la shall_v be_v direct_v to_o the_o sheriff_n to_o distrain_v i._o s._n to_o repair_v the_o same_o second_o a_o distress_n ministerial_a be_v where_o one_o be_v assess_v or_o rate_v to_o pay_v a_o certain_a sum_n of_o money_n towards_o the_o repair_n of_o a_o wall_n bank_n sewer_n or_o goat_n here_o upon_o warrant_n from_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n the_o officer_n express_v in_o that_o warrant_n may_v distrain_v the_o cattle_n of_o the_o party_n which_o ought_v to_o pay_v the_o say_a rate_n and_o sess_n and_o which_o do_v neglect_v to_o pay_v the_o same_o and_o yet_o where_o there_o be_v a_o rate_n and_o sess_n impose_v upon_o one_o by_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o the_o collector_n or_o officer_n may_v distrain_v therefore_o without_o any_o express_a warrant_n from_o the_o commissioner_n so_o to_o do_v and_o my_o reason_n be_v ground_v upon_o the_o statute_n which_o be_v this_o because_o the_o statute_n and_o commission_n which_o be_v the_o general_a law_n do_v of_o themselves_o in_o this_o case_n give_v a_o distress_n and_o therefore_o in_o these_o case_n the_o warrant_n of_o the_o commissioner_n be_v superfluous_a like_a to_o the_o case_n in_o 20_o eliz._n dyer_n eliz._n 20_o eliz._n fol._n 362._o where_o a_o fine_a be_v levy_v of_o land_n to_o the_o intent_n that_o i._o s._n shall_v have_v and_o receive_v a_o yearly_a rent_n thereout_o although_o in_o the_o conveyance_n there_o be_v no_o mention_n make_v that_o the_o party_n may_v distrain_v for_o the_o same_o yet_o in_o that_o book_n it_o be_v mention_v to_o be_v adjudge_v that_o the_o owner_n of_o that_o rent_n may_v distrain_v for_o the_o same_o because_o the_o statute_n of_o 27_o h._n 8._o in_o 8._o 27_o h._n 8._o that_o case_n give_v a_o distress_n upon_o which_o statute_n the_o say_a conveyance_n be_v ground_v so_o if_o their_o be_fw-mi two_o coparcener_n to_o who_o land_n do_v descend_v and_o they_o make_v partition_n and_o for_o more_o equality_n she_o that_o have_v the_o better_a part_n do_v grant_v to_o the_o other_o and_o her_o heir_n a_o yearly_a rent_n out_o of_o her_o land_n but_o limit_n no_o clause_n or_o power_n of_o distress_n she_o to_o who_o this_o yearly_a rent_n be_v grant_v may_v distrain_v therefore_o and_o so_o may_v a_o bailiff_n distrain_v for_o a_o amerciament_n in_o a_o leet_n without_o a_o warrant_n because_o the_o general_a law_n give_v a_o distress_n in_o these_o case_n three_o and_o as_o touch_v a_o distress_n of_o common_a right_n it_o be_v in_o case_n where_o one_o do_v hold_v his_o land_n of_o his_o lord_n as_o of_o his_o manor_n to_o repair_v a_o bank_n wall_n or_o other_o work_n of_o sewer_n the_o lord_n of_o who_o these_o land_n be_v hold_v may_v distrain_v his_o tenant_n of_o common_a right_a to_o compel_v he_o to_o make_v these_o repair_n and_o the_o distress_n give_v in_o the_o say_a case_n of_o the_o coparcener_n and_o in_o the_o say_a case_n of_o amerciament_n in_o a_o court_n of_o leet_n seem_v both_o to_o be_v distress_n of_o common_a right_n and_o that_o the_o law_n be_v that_o a_o distress_n lie_v for_o a_o rate_n lot_n or_o tax_n impose_v by_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n it_o be_v manifest_a by_o the_o case_n of_o rook_n in_o cook_n 5_o report_n which_o be_v full_a and_o direct_a authority_n in_o the_o point_n in_o what_o place_n a_o distress_n be_v to_o be_v take_v now_o touch_v the_o place_n where_o these_o distress_n be_v to_o be_v take_v come_v next_o into_o our_o consideration_n wherein_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o matter_n distrain_v for_o and_o the_o power_n from_o whence_o the_o distress_n be_v derive_v be_v to_o be_v consider_v of_o and_o therefore_o if_o a_o lord_n do_v distrain_v his_o tenant_n ratione_fw-la tenurae_fw-la for_o to_o repair_v a_o wall_n bank_n or_o other_o defence_n this_o distress_n must_v be_v take_v on_o the_o ground_n hold_v by_o this_o tenure_n and_o not_o elsewhere_o for_o these_o ground_n be_v chargeable_a therewithal_o as_o the_o opinion_n of_o justice_n sylliard_n be_v 21_o ed._n 4._o fol._n 38._o but_o not_o as_o that_o case_n be_v but_o in_o point_n of_o tenure_n 4._o 21_o ed._n 4._o for_o there_o the_o case_n be_v that_o a_o presentment_n be_v find_v in_o hec_fw-la verba_fw-la videlicet_fw-la juratores_fw-la present_n '_o quod_fw-la est_fw-la communis_fw-la regius_fw-la via_fw-la in_o parochia_fw-la sancti_fw-la martini_n in_o campis_n in_o com'_n middlesex_n inter_fw-la hospitia_fw-la epis_n '_o dunelmensis_n &_o epis_n '_o norwich_n totalitur_fw-la superundat_fw-la '_o aquis_fw-la &_o quod_fw-la tam_fw-la domini_fw-la spirituales_fw-la quam_fw-la temporales_fw-la &_o justiciarii_fw-la domini_fw-la regis_fw-la &_o servientes_fw-la ad_fw-la legem_fw-la &_o omnes_fw-la alii_fw-la legis_fw-la ministri_fw-la &_o omnes_fw-la alii_fw-la per_fw-la viam_fw-la illam_fw-la versus_fw-la westmonaster_n '_o itinerante_v pro_fw-la legibus_fw-la domini_fw-la regis_fw-la ibidem_fw-la ministrandis_fw-la &_o observandis_fw-la sepius_fw-la impediuntur_fw-la per_fw-la quod_fw-la via_fw-la illa_fw-la totalliter_fw-la superinundata_fw-la existit_fw-la excessu_fw-la emanationis_fw-la aquae_fw-la pluvialis_fw-la ibidem_fw-la remanent_fw-la '_o quam_fw-la quidem_fw-la aquam_fw-la episcopus_fw-la norwicensis_fw-la rationae_fw-la tenurae_fw-la suae_fw-la ibidem_fw-la evacuaere_fw-la debuit_fw-la &_o quod_fw-la ipse_fw-la &_o omnes_fw-la predecessores_fw-la svi_fw-la ratione_fw-la tenurae_fw-la suae_fw-la ibidem_fw-la evacuaere_fw-la debent_fw-la and_o in_o this_o case_n i_o take_v it_o the_o land_n be_v charge_v not_o as_o in_o respect_n the_o bishop_n of_o norwich_n do_v hold_v the_o same_o of_o some_o lord_n by_o the_o tenure_n to_o repair_v the_o sewer_n to_o avoid_v the_o water_n but_o his_o land_n stand_v charge_v with_o the_o same_o as_o a_o charge_n impose_v thereon_o by_o custom_n or_o prescription_n as_o by_o the_o precedent_n itself_o appear_v for_o if_o the_o bishop_n of_o norwich_n have_v be_v
perpetual_a charge_n by_o any_o power_n or_o authority_n give_v by_o this_o statute_n but_o in_o the_o say_a case_n of_o romney_n marsh_n the_o custom_n there_o maintain_v this_o point_n yet_o not_o a_o bene_fw-la verba_fw-la huius_fw-la statuti_fw-la which_o be_v these_o viz._n and_o to_o make_v and_o ordain_v statute_n ordinance_n and_o provision_n from_o time_n to_o time_n as_o the_o case_n shall_v require_v for_o the_o safeguard_n conservation_n redress_n correction_n or_o reformation_n of_o the_o premise_n and_o every_o of_o they_o and_o the_o party_n liable_a to_o the_o same_o necessary_a and_o behooveful_a after_o the_o law_n &_o custom_n of_o romney_n marsh_n in_o the_o county_n of_o kent_n or_o otherwise_o by_o any_o way_n or_o mean_n after_o their_o own_o wisdom_n and_o discretion_n these_o be_v the_o word_n and_o this_o be_v the_o clause_n which_o must_v make_v good_a this_o perpetual_a charge_n for_o that_o it_o do_v former_o appear_v that_o such_o like_a law_n and_o custom_n there_o be_v in_o romney_n marsh_n as_o this_o be_v and_o therefore_o i_o may_v conclude_v this_o point_n that_o the_o commissioner_n in_o imitation_n of_o the_o say_a ordinance_n of_o romney_n marsh_n may_v make_v decree_n to_o bind_v land_n to_o perpetual_a charge_n yet_o sir_n edward_n cook_n in_o keighlies_n case_n set_v it_o down_o as_o resolve_v that_o the_o several_a commissioner_n of_o sewer_n throughout_o all_o england_n be_v not_o bind_v to_o pursue_v the_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o romney_n marsh_n but_o in_o case_n where_o some_o particular_a place_n within_o their_o commission_n have_v such_o law_n &_o custom_n as_o romney_n marsh_n have_v there_o they_o may_v pursue_v they_o but_o in_o my_o own_o opinion_n the_o commissioner_n may_v if_o they_o please_v make_v ordinance_n and_o law_n like_v to_o those_o of_o romney_n marsh_n where_o there_o have_v not_o be_v any_o such_o use_n and_o the_o word_n of_o the_o statute_n as_o i_o take_v it_o will_v bear_v that_o construction_n and_o the_o say_a opinion_n of_o sir_n edward_n cook_n be_v not_o direct_o against_o this_o and_o upon_o decree_n for_o sale_n of_o land_n it_o be_v usual_a in_o these_o decree_n to_o bind_v those_o land_n to_o the_o perpetual_a repair_n sales_n of_o land_n the_o word_n of_o the_o statute_n which_o be_v make_v for_o sale_n of_o land_n be_v these_o provide_v always_o that_o if_o any_o person_n or_o person_n be_v assess_v or_o tax_v to_o any_o lot_n or_o charge_n for_o any_o land_n tenement_n or_o hereditament_n within_o the_o limit_n of_o any_o commission_n hereafter_o to_o be_v direct_v do_v not_o pay_v the_o say_a lot_n and_o charge_n according_a to_o the_o order_n and_o assignment_n of_o the_o commissioner_n have_v power_n of_o the_o execution_n of_o the_o say_a commission_n etc._n etc._n by_o reason_n whereof_o if_o it_o shall_v happen_v the_o say_a commissioner_n for_o lack_v of_o payment_n of_o such_o lot_n &_o charge_n to_o decree_n and_o ordain_v the_o say_a land_n and_o tenement_n from_o the_o owner_n or_o owner_n thereof_o and_o their_o heir_n and_o the_o heir_n of_o every_o of_o they_o to_o any_o person_n or_o person_n for_o term_n of_o year_n term_v of_o life_n fee_fw-mi simple_a or_o fee_n tail_n for_o payment_n of_o the_o same_o lot_n and_o charge_n then_o every_o such_o decree_n and_o ordinance_n so_o by_o they_o ingross_v into_o parchment_n and_o certify_v under_o their_o seal_n into_o the_o king_n court_n of_o chancery_n with_o the_o king_n royal_a assent_n have_v to_o the_o same_o shall_v bind_v all_o and_o every_o person_n and_o person_n that_o at_o the_o make_n of_o the_o same_o decree_n have_v any_o interest_n in_o such_o land_n tenement_n and_o hereditament_n in_o use_n possession_n reversion_n or_o remainder_n their_o heir_n and_o feoffee_n and_o every_o of_o they_o and_o not_o to_o be_v in_o any_o wise_a reform_a unless_o it_o be_v by_o authority_n in_o parliament_n hereafter_o to_o be_v summon_v and_o hold_v within_o the_o realm_n and_o also_o that_o the_o same_o law_n ordinance_n and_o decree_n to_o be_v make_v and_o ordain_v by_o the_o commissioner_n or_o any_o six_o of_o they_o by_o authority_n of_o the_o say_a commission_n shall_v bind_v as_o well_o the_o land_n tenement_n and_o hereditament_n of_o our_o sovereign_n the_o king_n as_o all_z and_o every_o other_o person_n and_o person_n and_o their_o heir_n and_o such_o their_o interest_n as_o they_o shall_v fortune_n to_o have_v in_o any_o land_n tenement_n and_o hereditament_n or_o other_o casual_a profit_n advantage_n or_o commodity_n whatsoever_o they_o be_v whereunto_o the_o say_v law_n ordinance_n and_o decree_n shall_v in_o any_o wise_a extend_v according_a to_o the_o true_a purport_n meaning_n and_o intent_n of_o the_o say_a law_n this_o clause_n or_o proviso_n be_v strange_o place_v in_o this_o statute_n as_o if_o this_o statute_n have_v not_o be_v the_o first_o father_n of_o it_o and_o as_o if_o this_o law_n have_v make_v some_o addition_n to_o a_o former_a law_n but_o i_o take_v it_o that_o this_o statute_n be_v and_o be_v the_o first_o and_o only_a law_n which_o give_v sale_n of_o land_n in_o case_n of_o sewer_n and_o this_o clause_n stand_v upon_o these_o four_o pillar_n imprimis_fw-la for_o what_o cause_n land_n may_v be_v sell_v by_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n second_o what_o land_n be_v to_o be_v sell_v within_o these_o law_n three_o what_o person_n what_o estate_n and_o interest_n be_v to_o be_v bind_v thereby_o four_o to_o what_o person_n these_o land_n may_v be_v sell_v or_o decree_v the_o statute_n be_v if_o any_o person_n sess_v do_v not_o pay_v whereby_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o the_o land_n be_v to_o be_v sell_v for_o sess_v and_o charge_v impose_v by_o the_o commissioner_n which_o lie_v in_o payment_n only_o and_o they_o may_v not_o be_v decree_v away_o for_o any_o other_o cause_n or_o matter_n and_o therefore_o if_o one_o hold_v his_o land_n to_o repair_v a_o wall_n bank_n sewer_n or_o other_o work_n of_o sewer_n and_o he_o neglect_v to_o repair_v the_o same_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n can_v for_o this_o cause_n decree_v the_o land_n away_o from_o the_o owner_n because_o this_o charge_n lie_v not_o in_o payment_n and_o i_o can_v gather_v out_o of_o the_o word_n of_o this_o statute_n that_o land_n can_v be_v decree_v for_o any_o cause_n then_o for_o nonpayment_n of_o a_o lot_n sess_n or_o charge_n by_o reason_n this_o word_n payment_n be_v reiterated_a three_o or_o four_o time_n in_o this_o branch_n of_o the_o statute_n and_o no_o other_o word_n be_v couple_v with_o it_o to_o infer_v any_o other_o or_o large_a exposition_n if_o i._o s._n do_v hold_v his_o land_n of_o the_o lord_n of_o a_o manor_n by_o the_o payment_n of_o twenty_o shilling_n yearly_a or_o other_o sum_n towards_o the_o repair_n of_o a_o work_n of_o sewer_n and_o he_o do_v neglect_v to_o pay_v the_o same_o whereby_o the_o work_n be_v unrepaired_a although_o this_o be_v a_o charge_n which_o lie_v in_o payment_n yet_o because_o it_o grow_v due_a by_o tenure_n by_o the_o common_a law_n and_o be_v not_o impose_v by_o the_o force_n of_o this_o statute_n therefore_o the_o land_n of_o i._o s._n can_v be_v decree_v from_o he_o by_o the_o nonpayment_n thereof_o by_o the_o tenor_n and_o virtue_n of_o this_o law_n of_o sewer_n but_o if_o the_o land_n of_o one_o be_v general_o charge_v to_o repair_v such_o a_o wall_n or_o other_o work_n of_o sewer_n by_o prescription_n covenant_n or_o otherwise_o and_o the_o commissioner_n impose_v a_o sesse_v and_o rate_v upon_o he_o to_o repair_v it_o and_o he_o do_v not_o there_o in_o this_o case_n although_o the_o charge_n be_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o common_a law_n yet_o because_o the_o sesse_v and_o rate_n be_v set_v upon_o he_o by_o the_o power_n of_o this_o statute_n i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o for_o neglect_v of_o payment_n the_o say_a land_n may_v be_v sell_v by_o the_o decree_n of_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n so_o if_o one_o do_v hold_v his_o land_n for_o the_o payment_n of_o twenty_o shilling_n to_o repair_v a_o bank_n and_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n do_v order_v the_o party_n to_o pay_v the_o twenty_o shilling_n at_o a_o time_n by_o they_o prescribe_v not_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o usual_a day_n of_o payment_n and_o he_o do_v neglect_v to_o pay_v the_o commissioner_n may_v decree_v his_o land_n from_o he_o because_o this_o charge_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o say_a order_n have_v get_v the_o force_n and_o power_n of_o this_o statute_n if_o a_o charge_n be_v general_o lay_v upon_o a_o township_n hundred_o or_o rape_n which_o be_v not_o pay_v according_a to_o the_o commissioner_n order_n no_o land_n can_v be_v decree_v in_o this_o case_n because_o no_o person_n or_o land_n be_v in_o this_o case_n particular_o charge_v and_o the_o
decree_n of_o the_o sale_n must_v be_v direct_v by_o and_o depend_v upon_o the_o sesse_v but_o if_o after_o the_o general_n sesse_v be_v lay_v the_o same_o be_v after_o assess_v upon_o particular_a person_n by_o particular_a sum_n by_o the_o say_a commissioner_n then_o upon_o default_n of_o payment_n their_o land_n make_v default_n may_v be_v decree_v from_o they_o by_o the_o power_n of_o this_o statute_n if_o a_o assess_v or_o charge_v of_o payment_n be_v lay_v upon_o certain_a land_n without_o mention_v the_o owner_n the_o land_n can_v be_v decree_v from_o he_o by_o this_o law_n for_o the_o word_n of_o the_o statute_n be_v that_o if_o any_o person_n or_o person_n assess_v to_o any_o lot_n or_o charge_n do_v not_o pay_v so_o that_o i_o shall_v take_v it_o that_o no_o decree_n for_o sale_n of_o land_n can_v be_v make_v but_o where_o there_o be_v a_o person_n certain_o assess_v by_o name_n land_n can_v be_v decree_v away_o from_o the_o owner_n for_o default_n of_o payment_n of_o fines_n amerciament_n or_o pain_n for_o though_o these_o be_v sum_n of_o money_n or_o charge_n impose_v by_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n of_o person_n certain_a for_o matter_n touch_v these_o law_n yet_o because_o they_o be_v not_o sess_v or_o rate_v towards_o the_o repair_n of_o any_o work_n of_o sewer_n but_o be_v set_v upon_o the_o party_n as_o mulct_n and_o punishment_n and_o be_v due_a to_o the_o king_n therefore_o no_o decree_n of_o land_n can_v be_v make_v for_o any_o of_o they_o now_o the_o second_o part_n of_o this_o clause_n be_v what_o land_n may_v be_v decree_v by_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o say_a statute_n and_o thereby_o it_o appear_v they_o must_v be_v such_o land_n as_o lie_v and_o be_v within_o the_o power_n of_o this_o commission_n of_o sewer_n and_o herein_o rest_v a_o difference_n between_o the_o case_n of_o a_o distress_n for_o a_o sesse_v which_o may_v be_v take_v in_o any_o place_n within_o this_o realm_n and_o the_o decree_n of_o sale_n of_o land_n for_o nonpayment_n of_o a_o sesse_v which_o must_v lie_v within_o the_o bound_n and_o extent_n of_o the_o commission_n for_o this_o distress_n be_v circumscribe_v to_o the_o extent_n of_o the_o statute_n which_o be_v over_o the_o whole_a realm_n and_o the_o sale_n be_v tie_v to_o the_o limit_n of_o the_o commission_n and_o i_o be_o also_o of_o opinion_n that_o no_o land_n can_v be_v sell_v away_o by_o the_o decree_n of_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n but_o such_o as_o be_v charge_v with_o the_o sesse_v if_o one_o hold_v his_o land_n in_o comitat_fw-la '_o eborum_fw-la to_o repair_v a_o sea-bank_n in_o the_o county_n of_o lincoln_n and_o the_o owner_n be_v assess_v therefore_o and_o make_v default_n of_o payment_n the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n in_o the_o county_n of_o lincoln_n may_v give_v warrant_n to_o distrain_v for_o this_o sesse_v in_o the_o county_n of_o york_n but_o they_o can_v decree_v away_o by_o sale_n those_o land_n lie_v there_o which_o be_v charge_v with_o the_o sesse_v a_o copyholder_n land_n can_v be_v decree_v against_o he_o by_o this_o law_n for_o if_o it_o may_v than_o these_o customary_a land_n shall_v be_v transfer_v from_o one_o to_o another_o contrary_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o manor_n whereof_o they_o be_v parcel_n and_o it_o will_v infringe_v that_o rule_n which_o be_v deliver_v in_o heidons_n case_n case_n heidons_n case_n in_o cook_n 3_o report_n which_o be_v when_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n do_v alter_v the_o service_n tenure_n and_o interest_n of_o the_o land_n or_o other_o thing_n in_o prejudice_n of_o the_o lord_n or_o of_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o manor_n or_o of_o the_o tenant_n there_o the_o general_a word_n of_o such_o a_o statute_n do_v not_o extend_v to_o copyhold_n and_o in_o this_o case_n if_o any_o sale_n shall_v be_v make_v by_o the_o commissioner_n all_o the_o say_a rule_n shall_v be_v infringe_v for_o it_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o custom_n to_o pass_v these_o land_n without_o surrender_n it_o be_v in_o prejudice_n of_o the_o lord_n to_o have_v copyhold-land_n pass_v and_o he_o to_o have_v no_o fine_a and_o i_o be_o likewise_o of_o opinion_n that_o the_o freehold_a of_o these_o land_n can_v not_o be_v pass_v away_o for_o a_o sesse_v or_o a_o lay_n because_o the_o lord_n have_v but_o the_o shadow_n and_o the_o copyholder_n have_v the_o substance_n but_o if_o the_o lord_n rent_n of_o assize_n shall_v be_v assess_v as_o they_o ought_v to_o be_v and_o he_o do_v neglect_v to_o pay_v than_o these_o rent_n may_v be_v decree_v from_o he_o and_o so_o may_v all_o other_o land_n tenement_n and_o hereditament_n decree_v in_o respect_n whereof_o one_o be_v sessable_a and_o sess_v by_o the_o law_n the_o three_o branch_n of_o this_o clause_n be_v the_o direct_a point_n in_o my_o case_n viz._n what_o person_n &_o what_o estate_n be_v bind_v by_o these_o decree_n and_o first_o of_o the_o heir_n in_o tail_n whether_o they_o be_v bind_v by_o a_o decree_n make_v against_o the_o donee_n in_o tail_n their_o ancestor_n be_v the_o question_n in_o the_o handle_n whereof_o i_o hold_v it_o sit_v to_o show_v in_o what_o case_n the_o heir_n in_o tail_n have_v be_v bind_v by_o the_o act_n of_o their_o ancestor_n and_o the_o reason_n and_o cause_n thereof_o and_o therefore_o if_o a_o disseisor_n make_v a_o gift_n in_o tail_n and_o the_o donee_n in_o tail_n grant_v a_o rent_n to_o the_o dissessee_n for_o release_v of_o his_o right_n this_o will_v bind_v the_o heir_n in_o tail_n for_o that_o by_o this_o release_n his_o estate_n which_o before_o be_v defeisable_v be_v now_o confirm_v as_o by_o the_o book_n of_o 44_o ed._n 3._o 22._o and_o 20_o ed._n 4._o 13._o 3._o 44_o ed._n 3._o 20_o ed._n 4._o 46_o ed._n 3._o appear_v and_o so_o in_o 46_o ed._n 3._o a_o gift_n in_o tail_n be_v make_v ita_fw-la quod_fw-la the_o donee_n may_v alien_n to_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o heir_n in_o tail_n and_o and_o this_o by_o judge_n welbey_n be_v hold_v a_o condition_n which_o bind_v the_o heir_n in_o tail_n for_o his_o benefit_n and_o in_o 12._o ed._n 4._o 1._o tregouse_n and_o taltarm_n case_n be_v that_o a_o recovery_n against_o tenant_n 4._o 12_o ed._n 4._o in_o tail_n with_o a_o voucher_n by_o he_o over_o do_v bind_v the_o heir_n in_o tail_n by_o the_o common_a law_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o intend_a recompense_n which_o be_v to_o come_v to_o he_o by_o the_o voucher_n and_o so_o a_o lineal_a warranty_n with_o asset_n and_o a_o collateral_a warranty_n without_o asset_n be_v and_o be_v both_o of_o they_o bar_n to_o the_o issue_n by_o reason_n also_o of_o the_o intend_a recompense_n and_o these_o be_v thing_n which_o be_v original_o tie_v to_o those_o estate_n and_o be_v incident_n to_o they_o ab_fw-la initio_fw-la and_o therefore_o this_o shall_v suffice_v to_o treat_v of_o bar_n to_o the_o issue_n in_o tail_n by_o the_o common_a law_n and_o now_o i_o shall_v proceed_v to_o show_v in_o what_o case_n they_o be_v bar_v of_o their_o estate_n by_o the_o statute_n of_o this_o realm_n by_o the_o statute_n of_o 16_o r._n 2._o cap._n 5._o the_o land_n and_o tenement_n 2._o 16_o r._n 2._o of_o one_o attaint_n in_o a_o praemunire_n be_v to_o be_v forfeit_v to_o the_o king_n and_o in_o 21_o eliz._n one_o trudgin_n be_v tenant_n in_o tail_n el._n 11_o el._n and_o be_v attaint_v in_o a_o praemunire_n and_o the_o question_n be_v whether_o entail_v land_n be_v forfeit_v against_o the_o issue_n in_o tail_n or_o not_o and_o in_o doctor_n forster_n case_n in_o cook_n 11_o report_n rep._n c._n 11_o rep._n it_o be_v there_o say_v to_o be_v resolve_v that_o the_o general_a word_n of_o that_o statute_n do_v not_o repeal_v the_o statute_n of_o westminster_n 2._o of_o entail_v and_o so_o the_o forfeiture_n be_v there_o resolve_v to_o continue_v but_o for_o the_o life_n of_o trudgin_n and_o do_v not_o bind_v the_o issue_n in_o tail_n a_o judgement_n in_o debt_n against_o tenant_n in_o tail_n or_o if_o he_o be_v bind_v in_o a_o statute_n or_o in_o a_o recognizance_n in_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o statute_n the_o land_n entail_v be_v not_o extendable_a nor_o to_o be_v hold_v in_o extent_n by_o the_o statute_n of_o westminster_n 2._o acton_n burnel_n or_o by_o the_o statute_n de_fw-fr mercatoribus_fw-la by_o any_o of_o the_o general_a word_n of_o these_o law_n but_o the_o statute_n of_o 33_o h._n 8._o cap._n 39_o by_o express_a word_n bind_v the_o heir_n in_o tail_n for_o their_o land_n 8._o 23_o h._n 8._o who_o ancestor_n stand_v indebt_v to_o the_o king_n by_o judgement_n recognizance_n obligation_n or_o other_o specialty_n but_o the_o statute_n of_o 26_o h._n 8._o cap._n 13._o enact_n that_o every_o 8._o 26_o h._n 8._o one_o which_o shall_v be_v
in_o their_o convocation_n house_n a_o council_n mere_o consist_v of_o the_o clergy_n and_o then_o be_v confirm_v in_o parliament_n of_o which_o house_n also_o they_o be_v a_o member_n and_o therefore_o in_o my_o opinion_n see_v tithe_n be_v so_o sacred_a a_o duty_n that_o a_o layman_n can_v not_o have_v any_o help_n for_o at_o the_o common_a law_n and_o be_v exempt_a from_o temporal_a and_o profane_a use_n i_o be_o therefore_o of_o opinion_n that_o they_o be_v not_o to_o be_v rate_v or_o tax_v by_o the_o general_a word_n of_o these_o law_n yet_o i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o tithe_n in_o the_o hand_n of_o a_o temporal_a or_o layman_n be_v to_o be_v rate_v by_o these_o law_n for_o when_o they_o be_v come_v into_o his_o hand_n tunc_fw-la res_fw-la spirituales_fw-la fiunt_fw-la temporales_fw-la &_o transeunt_fw-la decimae_fw-la in_o catalla_fw-la but_o i_o must_v here_o leave_v these_o ecclesiastical_a person_n and_o their_o church_n living_n there_o be_v another_o point_n of_o this_o law_n will_v reach_v unto_o some_o of_o their_o possession_n as_o to_o their_o gleab_n land_n which_o belong_v to_o their_o church_n and_o their_o meadow_n and_o pasture_n ground_n for_o these_o be_v not_o sacred_a as_o tithe_n be_v but_o come_v to_o they_o by_o the_o benevolent_a gift_n of_o layman_n and_o not_o ex_fw-la duo_fw-la dei_fw-la &_o evangelii_n as_o tithe_n do_v and_o so_o they_o take_v that_o burden_n with_o they_o from_o the_o lay-donor_n which_o after_o may_v be_v impose_v upon_o they_o and_o therefore_o such_o parson_n vicar_n or_o other_o spiritual_a person_n which_o hold_v a_o plough_n land_n in_o culture_n be_v chargeable_a by_o the_o statute_n of_o 2_o mar._n towards_o the_o repair_n of_o the_o highway_n as_o other_o lay_v man_n be_v but_o in_o that_o statute_n there_o be_v ecclesiastical_a officer_n use_v as_o churchwarden_n whereby_o it_o be_v conceive_v that_o that_o statute_n have_v a_o eye_n to_o bring_v ecclesiastical_a person_n within_o the_o reach_n of_o it_o and_o so_o for_o their_o house_n and_o ground_n i_o take_v they_o to_o be_v within_o these_o law_n of_o the_o sewer_n for_o the_o own_o land_n be_v also_o chargeable_a thereunto_o and_o yet_o on_o earth_n within_o his_o dominion_n he_o be_v say_v to_o be_v caput_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la and_o as_o much_o reason_n be_v it_o to_o exempt_v his_o possession_n as_o theris_fw-la if_o the_o respect_n of_o the_o person_n shall_v bear_v any_o such_o sway_n in_o the_o case_n also_o i_o do_v find_v by_o divers_a ancient_a record_n that_o abbey_n priory_n and_o other_o spiritual_a possession_n have_v be_v chargeable_a to_o the_o repair_n of_o bridge_n calceys_n banks_n and_o highway_n by_o custom_n and_o prescription_n as_o appear_v also_o by_o the_o book_n of_o 11_o h._n 4._o fol._n 82_o 83._o and_o 44_o ed._n 3._o fitz._n 3._o 11_o h_n 4._o 44._o e._n 3._o title_n bar._n pl._n 301._o and_o i_o take_v it_o that_o by_o a_o very_o express_v and_o special_a custom_n or_o prescription_n a_o portion_n of_o tithe_n in_o a_o clergy_n man_n hand_n may_v be_v charge_v with_o the_o the_o repair_v of_o bridge_n way_n wall_n or_o sea_n banks_n but_o not_o without_o a_o direct_a affirmative_a custom_n for_o i_o suppose_v that_o they_o may_v as_o well_o endure_v a_o charge_n in_o this_o kind_n as_o a_o charge_n in_o a_o modus_fw-la decimandi_fw-la and_o so_o i_o conclude_v this_o part_n of_o the_o case_n that_o the_o person_n be_v not_o to_o be_v sess_v for_o his_o tithe_n by_o the_o general_a word_n of_o of_o this_o law_n a_o copyholder_n here_o be_v also_o a_o copyholder_n tax_v within_o my_o case_n for_o his_o copyhold_n land_n and_o whether_o he_o for_o his_o copyhold_n and_o the_o lord_n for_o the_o freehold_a of_o that_o soil_n shall_v be_v assess_v therefore_o be_v another_o question_n a_o copyhold_n by_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o manor_n yield_v and_o afford_v to_o the_o lord_n seignory_n rent_n fines_n due_a upon_o admittance_n and_o such_o like_a duty_n but_o the_o copyholder_n have_v the_o real_a and_o visible_a profit_n of_o the_o soil_n &_o therefore_o both_o lord_n &_o copyholder_n receive_v et_fw-la commodum_fw-la &_o salvationem_fw-la by_o the_o say_a defence_n and_o therefore_o the_o word_n of_o this_o law_n be_v exceed_o copious_a and_o full_a in_o this_o point_n of_o sesse_v viz._n to_o inquire_v who_o have_v and_o hold_v any_o land_n or_o tenement_n or_o common_a of_o pasture_n or_o fish_v or_o have_v or_o may_v have_v any_o hurt_n or_o damage_n or_o loss_n by_o any_o mean_n in_o or_o near_o the_o say_a place_n and_o in_o this_o case_n the_o lord_n hold_v the_o say_a land_n in_o tenure_n though_o not_o in_o culture_n and_o many_o way_n may_v have_v hurt_v and_o damage_n as_o if_o the_o copyhold_n be_v overflow_v by_o the_o sea_n the_o lord_n shall_v lose_v his_o freehold_n of_o the_o soil_n his_o seignory_n yearly_a rent_n and_o fine_n for_o admittance_n and_o all_o other_o perquesites_n so_o that_o the_o say_v word_n of_o this_o stature_n beat_v main_o upon_o he_o but_o as_o there_o be_v reason_n to_o be_v urge_v against_o he_o so_o there_o be_v matter_n to_o exempt_v he_o from_o this_o charge_n and_o to_o lay_v the_o burden_n on_o the_o copyholder_n first_o though_o he_o be_v lord_n of_o the_o copyhold_n yet_o he_o be_v seize_v of_o the_o freehold_a thereof_o but_o in_o imagination_n and_o construction_n of_o the_o law_n for_o the_o copyholder_n be_v pernor_n and_o taker_n of_o the_o visible_a and_o substantial_a profit_n second_o the_o charge_n of_o repair_n respect_v the_o possessioner_n in_o presenti_fw-la which_o be_v easy_a to_o be_v find_v out_o and_o not_o imaginary_a owner_n as_o the_o lord_n be_v and_o three_o if_o the_o lord_n &_o owner_n shall_v both_o be_v charge_v pro_fw-la una_fw-la eademque_fw-la re_fw-la which_o the_o law_n do_v never_o permit_v for_o this_o be_v not_o like_o the_o case_n of_o lord_n and_o commoner_n they_o there_o shall_v be_v charge_v the_o one_o for_o his_o soil_n and_o the_o other_o for_o his_o common_a for_o in_o this_o case_n the_o lord_n be_v the_o immediate_a proprietor_n of_o the_o soil_n and_o he_o have_v the_o present_a and_o real_a occupation_n thereof_o as_o well_o as_o the_o commoner_n have_v the_o use_n of_o his_o common_a and_o therefore_o they_o shall_v both_o be_v tax_v to_o these_o repair_v diversis_fw-la tamen_fw-la respectis_fw-la but_o for_o the_o copyholder_n it_o may_v be_v object_v that_o he_o be_v not_o within_o this_o statute_n for_o in_o heidons_n case_n in_o sir_n edward_n case_n hcidons_n case_n cook_n 3_o report_n it_o be_v true_o say_v that_o a_o copyholder_n be_v not_o within_o the_o law_n and_o statute_n which_o alter_v the_o service_n tenure_n interest_n of_o the_o land_n or_o other_o thing_n in_o prejudice_n of_o the_o lord_n and_o this_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o a_o copyholder_n land_n can_v be_v extend_v or_o put_v in_o execution_n upon_o the_o statute_n of_o westminster_n the_o second_o nor_o in_o extent_n upon_o the_o statute_n of_o acton_n burnel_n and_o de_fw-fr mercatoribus_fw-la for_o if_o they_o shall_v then_o may_v the_o sheriff_n make_v the_o lord_n new_a tenant_n without_o surrender_n and_o admittance_n which_o be_v contrary_a to_o custom_n the_o life_n and_o essence_n of_o all_o copyhold_n yet_o there_o be_v another_o good_a rule_n put_v in_o the_o say_a case_n of_o heidon_n that_o be_v that_o where_o a_o statute_n be_v make_v for_o the_o general_a good_a and_o wealth_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o that_o no_o prejudice_n can_v come_v to_o the_o lord_n by_o alteration_n of_o tenure_n service_n estate_n or_o custom_n there_o copyhold_n may_v well_o be_v within_o those_o statute_n therefore_o now_o it_o be_v to_o be_v consider_v whether_o this_o statute_n of_o sewer_n will_v in_o any_o sort_n hurt_n or_o prejudice_v the_o lord_n or_o no_o for_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o these_o law_n tend_v as_o much_o to_o the_o wealth_n and_o welfare_n of_o this_o realm_n as_o any_o can_v do_v and_o in_o rate_v and_o assess_v these_o copyhold_n to_o the_o repair_v of_o bank_n wall_n and_o sewer_n etc._n etc._n it_o alter_v neither_o the_o copyholder_n interest_n nor_o the_o lord_n tenure_n nor_o do_v it_o in_o any_o sort_n prejudice_v the_o custom_n of_o the_o manor_n but_o than_o it_o may_v be_v object_v that_o if_o sesse_v be_v impose_v upon_o a_o copyholder_n for_o his_o land_n and_o be_v not_o pay_v these_o law_n give_v sale_n of_o land_n which_o indeed_o be_v the_o only_a clause_n of_o this_o statute_n which_o be_v material_a to_o exempt_v a_o copyholder_n out_o of_o these_o law_n for_o clear_o i_o take_v it_o that_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n have_v no_o power_n to_o decree_v the_o copyhold_n land_n away_o for_o nonpayment_n of_o the_o sesse_v yet_o i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o a_o copyholder_n though_o he_o be_v not_o within_o
title_n to_o land_n by_o action_n condition_n or_o entry_n or_o he_o which_o have_v a_o contingent_a use_n shall_v not_o be_v tax_v for_o they_o neither_o be_v cestui_fw-fr que_fw-fr use_n at_o the_o common_a law_n before_o the_o statute_n of_o 27_o h._n 8._o of_o use_n nor_o be_v the_o bargainee_n of_o land_n before_o the_o deed_n be_v enrol_v sessable_a by_o this_o law_n neither_o be_v one_o who_o have_v the_o presentation_n or_o nomination_n to_o a_o church_n as_o patron_n or_o he_o which_o be_v founder_n for_o his_o foundership_n taxable_a within_o this_o statute_n yet_o they_o be_v tenement_n the_o large_a word_n of_o charge_n within_o this_o law_n but_o the_o law_n intend_v the_o immediate_a possession_n of_o such_o tenement_n which_o be_v proficuous_a and_o not_o these_o thing_n which_o be_v tenement_n in_o law_n and_o which_o be_v but_o conveyance_n and_o their_o fruit_n be_v ceremony_n without_o substance_n this_o law_n set_v down_o such_o thing_n for_o the_o which_o one_o be_v chargeable_a viz._n he_o which_o have_v land_n tenement_n rent_n commons_o of_o pasture_n profit_n of_o fish_v or_o other_o commodity_n and_o such_o as_o have_v safety_n profit_n defence_n or_o any_o other_o commodity_n these_o be_v the_o word_n of_o charge_n recite_v by_o this_o law_n this_o word_n land_n be_v of_o large_a extent_n for_o it_o reach_v to_o house_n arable_a pasture_n meadow_n mill_n tofts_n and_o to_o all_o other_o edifice_n moor_n marish_n wood_n wood_n ground_n for_o all_o these_o the_o earth_n be_v the_o substance_n et_fw-fr omne_fw-la solo_fw-la cedet_fw-la and_o the_o several_a increase_v thereof_o be_v but_o quality_n the_o word_n tenement_n be_v of_o large_a extent_n than_o land_n for_o it_o contain_v all_o which_o the_o word_n land_n do_v and_o all_o thing_n else_o which_o lie_v in_o tenure_n so_o that_o i_o think_v it_o shall_v be_v but_o labour_n lose_v to_o enter_v further_o into_o the_o particular_n thereof_o lord_n and_o tenant_n if_o there_o be_v lord_n and_o tenant_n and_o the_o tenant_n hold_v of_o the_o lord_n by_o yearly_a rend_a service_n the_o lord_n may_v be_v rate_v as_o well_o for_o his_o rent_n as_o the_o tenant_n for_o his_o land_n to_o annual_a repair_n as_o well_o as_o to_o accidental_a by_o reason_n of_o these_o word_n in_o the_o statute_n that_o be_v that_o every_o one_o be_v rate_v and_o tax_v according_a to_o the_o rate_n of_o every_o person_n rend_v tenure_n or_o profit_n here_o be_v full_a word_n to_o charge_v the_o lord_n for_o his_o rent_n and_o so_o rend_a charge_n and_o rend_v seck_fw-mi shall_v be_v subject_a to_o sess_v in_o this_o kind_n for_o otherwise_o the_o tenant_n of_o the_o ground_n may_v be_v undo_v thereby_o in_o regard_n the_o rent_n go_v and_o issue_v out_o of_o the_o ground_n may_v amount_v to_o as_o much_o almost_o as_o the_o yearly_a value_n of_o the_o ground_n do_v but_o if_o the_o rent_n be_v so_o small_a as_o they_o be_v scarce_o worth_a the_o gather_n then_o in_o discretion_n the_o commissioner_n may_v spare_v they_o for_o de_fw-fr minimis_fw-la non_fw-la curate_n lex_fw-la also_o whether_o the_o remainder_n man_n and_o he_o in_o reversion_n depend_v upon_o a_o estate_n in_o tail_n shall_v be_v rate_v and_o tax_v or_o not_o by_o the_o power_n of_o these_o law_n be_v a_o apt_a question_n for_o this_o place_n and_o therein_o my_o opinion_n be_v that_o be_v dry_a and_o fruitless_a remainder_n and_o reversion_n they_o shall_v not_o be_v sess_v to_o the_o repair_v but_o the_o tenant_n in_o tail_n in_o possession_n shall_v be_v sole_o charge_v for_o it_o be_v more_o to_o be_v fear_v that_o tenant_n in_o tail_n will_v cut_v off_o the_o remainder_n and_o reversion_n by_o a_o recovery_n then_o that_o the_o sea_n shall_v drown_v his_o estate_n by_o a_o overflow_n lessee_n for_o year_n and_o he_o in_o reversion_n in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o lessee_n for_o year_n and_o for_o life_n and_o those_o in_o reversion_n and_o remainder_n there_o be_v a_o great_a cause_n of_o dispute_n then_o between_o tenant_n in_o tail_n and_o he_o in_o the_o reversion_n and_o because_o it_o be_v a_o often_o case_n i_o have_v therefore_o take_v the_o more_o pain_n to_o resolve_v the_o same_o first_o the_o lessee_n be_v in_o the_o present_a possession_n and_o so_o be_v subject_a to_o all_o ordinary_a charge_n and_o with_o this_o agree_v jeffray_v case_n jeffray_v case_n case_n in_o sir_n edward_n cook_n 5_o report_n for_o there_o the_o case_n be_v resolve_v that_o where_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o a_o town_n be_v assess_v towards_o the_o repair_n of_o a_o church_n there_o the_o lessee_n for_o year_n be_v charge_v and_o not_o the_o lessor_n though_o he_o have_v a_o yearly_a rent_n reserve_v for_o in_o point_n of_o the_o rent_n this_o case_n and_o that_o will_v differ_v by_o reason_n rent_n be_v express_o within_o this_o law_n but_o i_o now_o speak_v of_o a_o lessee_n where_o no_o rent_n be_v reserve_v in_o 17_o ed._n 4._o fol._n 6_o a_o ten_o be_v grant_v to_o the_o 4._o 17_o ed._n 4._o king_n by_o parliament_n of_o the_o value_n of_o their_o land_n and_o the_o lessee_n for_o year_n be_v charge_v therewithal_o and_o so_o be_v the_o law_n there_o take_v if_o the_o parliament_n have_v give_v the_o ten_o part_n of_o the_o issue_n and_o profit_n of_o the_o land_n the_o case_n of_o the_o proxy_n in_o the_o irish_a report_n do_v in_o my_o opinion_n in_o reason_n resemble_v this_o case_n for_o the_o case_n be_v proxy_n case_n of_o proxy_n there_o that_o the_o bishop_n of_o meath_z in_o ireland_n have_v a_o proxy_n of_o fifteen_o shilling_n payable_a out_o of_o the_o commandry_n of_o kells_n than_o parcel_n of_o the_o possession_n of_o st._n john_n all_o which_o come_v to_o the_o crown_n by_o the_o dissolution_n of_o monastery_n in_o that_o kingdom_n and_o after_o the_o say_a bishop_n grant_v the_o say_v proxy_n to_o queen_n elizabeth_n and_o after_o q._n elizabeth_n make_v a_o lease_n of_o the_o commandry_n to_o dr._n forth_o reserve_v a_o yearly_a rent_n without_o mention_v the_o proxy_n and_o it_o be_v there_o resolve_v that_o doctor_n forth_o the_o lessee_n for_o year_n shall_v be_v at_o the_o charge_n to_o pay_v the_o say_a proxy_n with_o all_o the_o arrearage_n thereof_o which_o do_v incur_v in_o his_o time_n and_o so_o in_o the_o case_n of_o a_o rend_a charge_n the_o lessee_n be_v chargeable_a and_o he_o be_v to_o pay_v the_o tithe_n and_o the_o composition_n money_n due_a therefore_o so_o that_o these_o case_n sway_v strong_o against_o the_o lessee_n for_o year_n to_o lay_v the_o whole_a charge_n upon_o he_o and_o to_o exempt_v the_o lessor_n but_o yet_o we_o must_v here_o distinguish_v and_o make_v a_o difference_n between_o annual_a repair_n in_o ordinary_a thing_n and_o extraordinary_a repair_n for_o to_o furnish_v the_o defence_n with_o petty_a reparation_n they_o shall_v be_v lay_v only_o upon_o the_o lessee_n for_o year_n or_o for_o life_n but_o if_o a_o new_a wall_n bank_n or_o goat_n or_o sewer_n be_v to_o be_v build_v new_a and_o erect_v or_o if_o the_o ancient_a defence_n be_v decay_v in_o the_o main_a timber_n or_o in_o the_o principal_a part_n thereof_o here_o as_o well_o the_o lessor_n as_o the_o lessee_n shall_v be_v put_v to_o the_o charge_n for_o these_o thing_n be_v not_o ordinary_a and_o annual_a charge_n but_o do_v reach_n from_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o lease_n to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o inheritance_n as_o for_o petty_a reparation_n they_o be_v by_o intendment_n to_o continue_v but_o for_o a_o short_a time_n which_o be_v likely_a to_o be_v spend_v during_o the_o term_n and_o lease_n but_o these_o new_a defence_n be_v apparent_o do_v to_o save_v the_o inheritance_n and_o this_o difference_n hold_v good_a correspondency_n with_o other_o case_n in_o our_o law_n as_o in_o 49_o ed._n 3._o fol._n 1._o and_o 3_o eliz._n in_o dyer_n fol._n 198._o and_o in_o dier_n 49_o ed._n 3._o 3_o eliz._n dier_n that_o book_n again_o fol._n 134._o and_o in_o divers_a other_o book_n it_o be_v hold_v for_o law_n that_o if_o a_o house_n in_o lease_n decay_v in_o the_o groundsel_n post_n or_o balk_v in_o the_o great_a timber_n in_o direct_a wear_n by_o tract_n of_o time_n and_o not_o in_o default_n of_o the_o lessee_n the_o lessee_n may_v take_v and_o cut_v up_o timber_n grow_v on_o the_o ground_n lease_v to_o repair_v the_o same_o and_o the_o lessee_n shall_v be_v at_o charge_n of_o workmanship_n for_o the_o repair_n be_v in_o matter_n of_o right_n and_o do_v the_o lessee_n good_a during_o his_o lease_n and_o the_o lessor_n after_o the_o expiration_n thereof_o and_o because_o these_o great_a repair_v extend_v to_o both_o their_o good_n therefore_o they_o shall_v both_o be_v contributory_a thereto_o but_o if_o a_o house_n be_v decay_v in_o splint_v thack_n wall_v or_o in_o such_o
again_o to_o their_o successor_n and_o in_o the_o case_n of_o sir_n henry_n nevil_n in_o plo._n com._n a_o office_n of_o a_o parker_n be_v grant_v to_o two_o and_o a_o annuity_n for_o the_o exercise_n of_o it_o and_o it_o be_v there_o resolve_v that_o the_o annuity_n may_v not_o be_v sever_v from_o the_o office_n and_o so_o it_o may_v be_v say_v in_o my_o case_n that_o the_o manor_n which_o belong_v to_o the_o office_n be_v at_o the_o first_o lay_v thereto_o or_o give_v therewithal_o for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o the_o officer_n in_o his_o place_n by_o the_o founder_n and_o so_o may_v not_o be_v sever_v therefrom_o without_o his_o consent_n and_o touch_v the_o intail_v of_o the_o office_n of_o the_o ranger_n of_o a_o forest_n it_o be_v hold_v in_o mancel_v case_n in_o the_o comment_n of_o mr._n plowden_n that_o the_o office_n of_o a_o bailiff_n or_o receiver_n of_o the_o rent_n of_o a_o manor_n may_v be_v entail_v so_o a_o use_n and_o a_o copyhold_n because_o these_o concern_v and_o depend_v upon_o land_n but_o the_o office_n of_o the_o master_n of_o the_o hawk_n or_o the_o mastership_n of_o the_o horse_n can_v not_o be_v give_v in_o tail_n within_o the_o statute_n of_o west_n 2._o de_fw-la donis_fw-la conditionalibus_fw-la nor_o a_o annuity_n which_o charge_v the_o person_n yet_o all_o these_o may_v be_v give_v or_o grant_v within_o these_o entail_v limitation_n but_o yet_o they_o be_v no_o intail_v within_o that_o statute_n i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o the_o office_n of_o a_o ranger_n of_o a_o forest_n can_v of_o itself_o be_v give_v in_o tail_n but_o have_v a_o manor_n belong_v to_o it_o make_v the_o question_n of_o more_o moment_n for_o as_o the_o office_n dese_fw-fr be_v not_o intailable_a so_o the_o land_n per_fw-mi se_fw-mi may_v be_v entail_v but_o land_n in_o our_o case_n be_v not_o the_o principal_a but_o the_o accessary_a &_o accessorium_fw-la sequitur_fw-la suum_fw-la principale_n and_o therefore_o see_v the_o land_n follow_v the_o office_n as_o the_o shadow_n do_v the_o body_n and_o pass_v out_o of_o his_o own_o kind_n by_o the_o ceremony_n belong_v to_o the_o office_n and_o not_o by_o the_o ceremony_n by_o which_o land_n be_v transfer_v and_o pass_v i_o shall_v therefore_o take_v it_o that_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o land_n shall_v be_v such_o as_o the_o office_n of_o itself_o may_v bear_v which_o can_v not_o be_v entail_v yet_o because_o in_o the_o say_a case_n of_o the_o forester_n with_o land_n belong_v to_o it_o be_v take_v to_o be_v in_o tail_n in_o 1_o h._n 7._o aforesaid_a with_o a_o remainder_n 7._o 1_o h._n 7._o thereof_o over_o in_o fee_n i_o be_o therefore_o conclude_v to_o make_v any_o further_a question_n of_o it_o and_o so_o i_o leave_v it_o as_o i_o find_v it_o and_o do_v pass_v to_o the_o argument_n of_o the_o other_o point_n second_o point_n the_o second_o common_a law_n point_n be_v whether_o this_o gift_n in_o my_o case_n be_v a_o frank-mariage_n or_o another_o entail_v i_o have_v observe_v in_o book_n that_o there_o be_v five_o thing_n incident_a to_o a_o gift_n in_o frank-mariage_n viz._n first_o it_o must_v be_v to_o or_o with_o a_o cousin_n within_o the_o four_o degree_n second_o the_o word_n frank-mariage_n must_v be_v literal_o express_v three_o the_o reversion_n must_v be_v leave_v at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o gift_n in_o the_o donor_n and_o then_o there_o be_v two_o other_o thing_n follow_v as_o consequent_n four_o acquital_n of_o payment_n of_o rent_n and_o service_n and_o five_o warranty_n to_o secure_v the_o estate_n and_o the_o want_n of_o these_o or_o any_o of_o these_o in_o the_o creation_n do_v destroy_v that_o estate_n in_o the_o conception_n here_o seem_v to_o be_v two_o impediment_n in_o my_o case_n to_o hinder_v this_o gift_n to_o take_v root_n as_o a_o frank_n marriage_n it_o be_v make_v abnepti_fw-la which_o be_v the_o cousin_n in_o the_o four_o degree_n and_o the_o last_o in_o those_o gift_n whereby_o the_o gift_n that_o way_n can_v have_v his_o full_a operation_n for_o that_o the_o first_o heir_n of_o their_o body_n be_v out_o of_o the_o former_a privilege_n but_o in_o regard_n i_o take_v it_o that_o a_o frank_n marriage_n do_v more_o respect_n his_o original_a creation_n in_o incepto_fw-la than_o the_o descent_n of_o the_o privilege_n to_o the_o heir_n in_o svo_fw-la progressu_fw-la i_o take_v this_o to_o be_v no_o impediment_n to_o hinder_v this_o from_o be_v a_o gift_n in_o frank_n marriage_n but_o here_o the_o word_n in_o the_o gift_n precede_v the_o word_n frank_a marriage_n do_v differ_v much_o from_o it_o for_o by_o the_o special_a limitation_n the_o heir_n female_n shall_v inherit_v with_o the_o heir_n male_n simul_n &_o semel_fw-la as_o heir_n in_o common_a but_o in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o frank_n marriage_n heir_n males_n shall_v first_o inherit_v single_a and_o for_o want_v of_o they_o then_o the_o female_n i_o do_v agree_v the_o law_n that_o in_o case_n where_o the_o special_a word_n of_o limitation_n may_v in_o construction_n be_v make_v to_o agree_v with_o the_o word_n and_o limitation_n of_o art_n contain_v in_o frank_n marriage_n the_o gift_n shall_v be_v take_v a_o frank_a marriage_n as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o 2_o h._n 3._o it._n suff_v fitz._n mordanc_n plac_fw-la 52._o where_o land_n be_v give_v 3._o 2_o h._n 3._o in_o frank_n marriage_n to_o r._n s._n cum_fw-la alicia_n sorore_fw-la le_fw-fr donor_n it_o a_o quod_fw-la post_fw-la mortem_fw-la dictae_fw-la aliciae_fw-la &_o puerorum_fw-la suorum_fw-la the_o land_n shall_v revert_v to_o the_o donor_n and_o this_o be_v adjudge_v a_o gift_n in_o frank_n marriage_n and_o the_o word_n it_o a_o quod_fw-la be_v hold_v of_o no_o validity_n neither_o will_v the_o word_n of_o reservandum_fw-la redendum_fw-la tenendum_fw-la or_o warrantizandum_fw-la though_o they_o vary_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o frank_n marriage_n yet_o they_o shall_v not_o destroy_v the_o same_o as_o a_o habendum_fw-la may_v do_v which_o be_v the_o word_n who_o proper_a place_n be_v to_o create_v the_o estate_n and_o therefore_o if_o any_o thing_n come_v therein_o which_o be_v repugnant_a thereunto_o the_o same_o will_v alter_v the_o quality_n of_o the_o gift_n and_o with_o this_o agree_v the_o case_n in_o 45_o edward_n the_o 3._o title_n tail_n 14_o and_o 31._o where_o land_n be_v give_v to_o i._n s._n in_o frank_n marriage_n with_o b._n the_o daughter_n 3._o 45_o e._n 3._o of_o the_o donor_n habendum_fw-la to_o they_o and_o their_o heir_n and_o this_o be_v hold_v a_o fee_n simple_a and_o no_o frank_a marriage_n and_o the_o like_a law_n be_v where_o land_n be_v grant_v in_o frank_n marriage_n the_o remainder_n in_o fee_n to_o i._n s._n and_o his_o heir_n the_o frank_a marriage_n be_v defeat_v by_o the_o opinion_n in_o br._n case_n and_o so_o in_o my_o case_n because_o there_o can_v be_v no_o reconciliation_n between_o the_o special_a word_n of_o limitation_n in_o my_o case_n and_o the_o word_n frank_n marriage_n i_o be_o therefore_o of_o opinion_n that_o this_o gift_n be_v a_o estate_n in_o tail_n according_a to_o the_o special_a limitation_n and_o no_o frank_a marriage_n three_o point_n whether_o the_o bastard_n shall_v inherit_v to_o have_v a_o estate_n in_o tail_n be_v the_o three_o common_a law_n question_n for_o i_o be_o clear_a of_o opinion_n that_o a_o bastard_n can_v inherit_v to_o a_o gift_n in_o frank_n marriage_n because_o adultery_n and_o fornication_n which_o be_v the_o seed_n of_o every_o bastard_n be_v opposite_a to_o marriage_n and_o in_o breach_n of_o that_o powerful_a link_n and_o knot_n of_o matrimony_n which_o be_v a_o ordinance_n derive_v from_o the_o divine_a power_n of_o the_o almighty_a and_o therefore_o see_v marriage_n be_v the_o material_a consideration_n of_o such_o a_o gift_n bastardy_n the_o opposite_a can_v never_o be_v out_o of_o the_o consideration_n come_v within_o the_o privilege_n to_o inherit_v this_o estate_n so_o if_o i_o give_v land_n to_o i._o and_o s._n and_o to_o the_o heir_n of_o their_o two_o body_n lawful_o beget_v their_o bastard_n can_v inherit_v to_o this_o gift_n because_o he_o be_v not_o heir_n of_o their_o two_o body_n lawful_o beget_v but_o if_o the_o word_n lawful_o have_v be_v out_o of_o the_o limitation_n than_o i_o see_v no_o reason_n but_o that_o a_o bastard_n may_v inherit_v to_o a_o estate_n in_o tail_n as_o to_o a_o fee_n simple_a conditional_a which_o he_o may_v have_v do_v at_o the_o common_a law_n see_v a_o estate_n tail_n may_v be_v make_v before_o marriage_n as_o expect_v to_o be_v confirm_v thereby_o and_o so_o a_o bastard_n bear_v before_o marriage_n be_v by_o the_o consummation_n of_o a_o succeed_a marriage_n make_v capable_a to_o inherit_v to_o they_o if_o his_o possession_n continue_v without_o disturbance_n to_o his_o death_n yet_o in_o blow_n com._n
by_o the_o tenure_n of_o his_o house_n or_o land_n bind_v to_o avoid_v the_o water_n there_o need_v no_o prescription_n to_o have_v be_v allege_v also_o in_o 5_o h._n 7._o fol._n 3._o there_o be_v a_o like_a presentment_n make_v 7._o 5_o h._n 7._o against_o a_o abbot_n quod_fw-la ipse_fw-la &_o predecessores_fw-la svi_fw-la aught_o to_o repair_v a_o gutter_n ratione_fw-la tenurae_fw-la terrar_fw-it '_o suar_fw-mi '_o but_o because_o in_o that_o case_n the_o presentment_n do_v not_o set_v forth_o where_o those_o land_n lay_v which_o be_v charge_v the_o presentment_n for_o that_o cause_n be_v hold_v to_o be_v void_a so_o that_o there_o be_v a_o great_a difference_n between_o a_o tenure_n charge_n and_o a_o charge_n impose_v upon_o land_n by_o prescription_n for_o in_o the_o case_n where_o a_o tenant_n hold_v his_o land_n to_o repair_v a_o bridge_n wall_n or_o bank_n of_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o fee_n the_o lord_n in_o this_o case_n may_v distrain_v the_o tenant_n of_o common_a right_n by_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n but_o where_o one_o land_n be_v charge_v by_o prescription_n and_o custom_n there_o be_v no_o remedy_n to_o force_v and_o compel_v the_o tenant_n to_o do_v the_o repair_v but_o by_o presentment_n and_o upon_o a_o presentment_n process_n may_v be_v award_v against_o he_o to_o distrain_v he_o to_o make_v the_o repair_v and_o if_o upon_o a_o presentment_n make_v by_o the_o law_n of_o sewer_n i._n s._n be_v charge_v to_o repair_v a_o sewer_n and_o a_o distringas_fw-la ad_fw-la reparandum_fw-la be_v award_v against_o he_o the_o sheriff_n may_v distrain_v the_o party_n in_o any_o place_n within_o the_o power_n of_o the_o commission_n of_o sewer_n but_o this_o be_v a_o judicial_a distress_n which_o issue_v out_o of_o the_o roll_n the_o justice_n be_v tie_v to_o the_o limit_n and_o bound_n of_o the_o commission_n yet_o in_o 19_o h._n 6._o fol._n 7._o the_o 6._o 19_o h._n 6._o case_n be_v that_o the_o admiral_n of_o england_n have_v jurisdiction_n in_o cause_n arise_v only_o on_o the_o sea_n and_o he_o have_v no_o jurisdiction_n or_o power_n to_o meddle_v with_o any_o thing_n do_v upon_o the_o land_n yet_o upon_o a_o presentment_n make_v in_o the_o admiral_n court_v one_o be_v present_v and_o amerce_v and_o a_o distress_n for_o this_o amerciament_n be_v take_v on_o the_o land_n and_o exception_n be_v thereto_o take_v that_o the_o distress_n be_v take_v out_o of_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o that_o court_n but_o there_o newton_n chief_a justice_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o justice_n say_v that_o the_o power_n of_o the_o admiral_n to_o hold_v plea_n be_v restrain_v by_o statute_n to_o matter_n arise_v on_o the_o sea_n but_o execution_n be_v not_o so_o and_o i_o have_v further_o observe_v by_o the_o book_n of_o 8._o r._n 2._o fitzher_n 2._o 8._o r._n 2._o avoury_a 253._o that_o where_o no_o place_n be_v certain_o prescribe_v to_o distrain_v in_o that_o in_o such_o a_o case_n the_o distress_n may_v be_v take_v in_o any_o place_n within_o the_o power_n and_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o court_n out_o of_o which_o the_o writ_n or_o warrant_n of_o distress_n do_v issue_n as_o if_o one_o be_v amerce_v in_o a_o court_n leet_n or_o in_o a_o court_n baron_fw-fr he_o may_v be_v distrain_v for_o these_o amerciament_n in_o any_o place_n within_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o these_o court_n and_o for_o a_o amerciament_n set_v and_o impose_v in_o the_o sheriff_n turn_v a_o distress_n may_v be_v take_v for_o it_o in_o any_o place_n of_o the_o county_n for_o so_o far_o the_o power_n of_o that_o court_n do_v extend_v itself_o but_o in_o the_o case_n of_o a_o sess_v rate_n or_o tax_v impose_v by_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n a_o distress_n for_o any_o of_o those_o may_v be_v take_v in_o any_o place_n within_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n for_o in_o this_o case_n the_o distress_n be_v mere_o ground_v upon_o the_o statute_n and_o be_v bound_v by_o the_o same_o limit_n which_o be_v as_o large_a as_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n and_o hereupon_o by_o this_o construction_n make_v in_o this_o legal_a manner_n all_o the_o word_n in_o the_o say_a clause_n of_o this_o statute_n have_v their_o full_a operation_n and_o although_o in_o rook_n case_n the_o distress_n be_v there_o take_v on_o the_o ground_n charge_v yet_o that_o do_v not_o prove_v but_o that_o a_o distress_n may_v have_v be_v take_v in_o any_o other_o place_n for_o i_o very_o take_v it_o that_o the_o place_n where_o the_o distress_n be_v take_v in_o that_o case_n be_v not_o intend_v any_o material_a point_n though_o in_o my_o succeed_a argument_n for_o another_o purpose_n i_o shall_v make_v it_o one_o so_o that_o my_o opinion_n touch_v distress_n to_o be_v take_v in_o case_n of_o sewer_n appear_v to_o stand_v upon_o these_o three_o distinction_n first_o that_o the_o lord_n of_o who_o the_o ground_n be_v hold_v to_o make_v the_o repair_v must_v distrain_v on_o the_o the_o ground_n so_o hold_v and_o not_o elsewhere_o second_o that_o upon_o a_o distringas_fw-la ad_fw-la reparandum_fw-la or_o amovendum_fw-la upon_o a_o presentment_n which_o issue_v out_o of_o the_o roll_n of_o that_o court_n and_o be_v a_o judicial_a process_n a_o distress_n must_v thereupon_o be_v take_v within_o the_o bound_n of_o the_o commission_n of_o sewer_n exit_fw-la congruitate_fw-la three_o a_o distress_n for_o a_o rate_n or_o sesse_v or_o tax_v assess_v and_o impose_v by_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n may_v be_v take_v in_o any_o part_n or_o place_n within_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n for_o this_o be_v a_o distress_n ground_v upon_o the_o statute_n and_o be_v as_o large_a as_o the_o extent_n thereof_o and_o so_o the_o difference_n appear_v where_o the_o distress_n be_v guide_v by_o the_o commission_n and_o where_o by_o the_o statute_n who_o good_n may_v be_v distrain_v it_o come_v now_o in_o turn_n to_o be_v handle_v who_o good_n may_v be_v distrain_v and_o take_v within_o these_o law_n for_o the_o word_n of_o distress_n be_v put_v so_o general_o in_o this_o statute_n that_o they_o must_v receive_v their_o exposition_n by_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o common_a law_n in_o regard_n these_o law_n do_v give_v no_o special_a direction_n therein_o and_o therefore_o the_o distress_n mention_v in_o rook_n case_n may_v in_o this_o place_n be_v question_v for_o there_o carter_n be_v assess_v but_o the_o good_n of_o rook_n be_v distrain_v and_o take_v for_o the_o say_v assess_v and_o no_o challenge_n or_o exception_n be_v there_o make_v of_o it_o and_o no_o marvel_n for_o it_o be_v special_o find_v that_o the_o good_n be_v take_v and_o distrain_v on_o the_o ground_n charge_v for_o otherwise_o that_o distress_n have_v be_v tortuous_a wherein_o i_o take_v this_o diversity_n that_o where_o ground_n be_v chargeable_a to_o repair_v of_o defence_n and_o a_o sess_n be_v thereon_o impose_v by_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n the_o good_n of_o a_o stranger_n may_v be_v take_v therefore_o on_o the_o ground_n sess_v and_o this_o be_v warrant_v by_o rook_n case_n but_o rook_n be_v a_o stranger_n his_o good_n can_v not_o in_o any_o sort_n have_v be_v take_v for_o the_o sess_n impose_v upon_o carter_n but_o on_o the_o ground_n charge_v and_o the_o like_a law_n for_o rent_n and_o service_n issue_v out_o of_o land_n the_o good_n of_o a_o stranger_n levant_n and_o couchant_a on_o the_o ground_n so_o hold_v may_v be_v distrain_v for_o rent_n and_o service_n by_o 7_o h._n 7._o 2._o and_o 11_o h._n 7._o 4._o 7._o 7_o h._n 7._o 11_o h._n 7._o but_o put_v the_o case_n a_o little_a further_o that_o in_o the_o session_n court_n of_o the_o sewer_n a._n b._n be_v amerce_v for_o nonpayment_n of_o his_o sesse_n towards_o the_o repair_n of_o a_o work_n of_o sewer_n and_o in_o this_o case_n i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o the_o proper_a good_n of_o a._n b._n be_v to_o be_v distrain_v for_o this_o amerciament_n and_o not_o the_o good_n of_o a_o stranger_n go_v on_o his_o ground_n charge_v to_o the_o say_v assess_v because_o this_o amerciament_n be_v a_o collateral_a charge_n which_o fall_v on_o the_o person_n of_o the_o offendor_n who_o be_v to_o pay_v the_o assel_n and_o do_v not_o in_o any_o sort_n charge_v the_o ground_n and_o this_o opinion_n have_v warrant_n from_o the_o case_n in_o 41_o ed._n 3._o fol._n 26._o br._n leet_n 4._o for_o there_o a._n b._n be_v amerce_v in_o a_o 3._o 41_o ed._n 3._o court_n of_o leet_n for_o receive_v and_o keep_v one_o in_o his_o house_n which_o be_v not_o swear_v to_o the_o king_n in_o which_o case_n it_o be_v hold_v that_o no_o good_n can_v be_v distrain_v for_o this_o amerciament_n but_o only_o the_o proper_a good_n of_o the_o party_n amerce_v although_o the_o good_n of_o other_o be_v levant_n and_o couchant_a on_o his_o ground_n and_o
sit_v commissioner_n by_o this_o statute_n for_o they_o have_v these_o land_n in_o eorum_fw-la usu_fw-la during_o the_o time_n they_o continue_v in_o their_o place_n which_o in_o intendment_n of_o law_n be_v for_o their_o life_n but_o yet_o by_o the_o intendment_n of_o law_n they_o be_v not_o to_o sit_v in_o the_o execution_n of_o any_o humane_a affair_n and_o therefore_o see_v their_o person_n be_v out_o of_o the_o intendment_n of_o this_o law_n so_o likewise_o shall_v their_o church_n living_n be_v but_o this_o be_v but_o a_o conceit_n for_o although_o they_o be_v not_o person_n have_v these_o land_n within_o the_o statute_n of_o 32_o h._n 8._o of_o will_n which_o be_v a_o have_v to_o dispose_v yet_o they_o may_v be_v within_o our_o statute_n which_o be_v a_o have_v to_o retain_v if_o a_o executor_n have_v a_o villain_n for_o year_n which_o purchase_v land_n of_o forty_o mark_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la he_o may_v sit_v in_o the_o execution_n of_o this_o commission_n for_o till_o his_o lord_n enter_v he_o have_v they_o to_o his_o own_o use_n but_o if_o the_o executor_n enter_v than_o neither_o the_o villain_n nor_o executor_n can_v sit_v a_o commissioner_n by_o this_o law_n if_o a_o alien_a purchase_n land_n of_o sufficient_a value_n in_o fee_n he_o in_o respect_n of_o his_o person_n be_v a_o disable_v person_n to_o sit_v neither_o be_v he_o a_o person_n have_v land_n because_o he_o be_v not_o seize_v thereof_o to_o his_o own_o use_n but_o to_o the_o use_n of_o the_o king_n but_o if_o he_o be_v make_v a_o denizen_n then_o in_o his_o person_n he_o be_v make_v capable_a the_o warden_n of_o the_o fleet_n who_o have_v land_n belong_v to_o his_o office_n may_v in_o respect_n thereof_o sit_v a_o commissioner_n by_o this_o law_n but_o shall_v a_o termor_n or_o lessee_n for_o year_n of_o land_n of_o good_a value_n be_v thrust_v out_o of_o commission_n and_o be_v count_v neither_o a_o sufficient_a land_a man_n nor_o his_o term_n and_o lease_n to_o be_v accept_v movable_a substance_n and_o not_o only_o so_o but_o that_o his_o farm_n shall_v be_v a_o further_a disablement_n unto_o he_o as_o the_o statute_n of_o 13_o el._n cap._n 9_o seem_v to_o purport_n the_o word_n of_o which_o statute_n be_v that_o no_o farmer_n or_o farmer_n for_o term_n of_o year_n of_o any_o manner_n land_n or_o tenement_n lie_v or_o be_v within_o the_o precinct_n or_o limit_n of_o any_o such_o commission_n of_o sewer_n which_o be_v or_o which_o hereafter_o may_v be_v order_v and_o chargeable_a by_o any_o law_n ordinance_n and_o construction_n make_v or_o to_o be_v make_v by_o virtue_n of_o any_o such_o commission_n wherein_o he_o or_o they_o shall_v be_v name_v or_o appoint_v commissioner_n or_o commissioner_n not_o have_v estate_n in_o freehold_n within_o the_o realm_n of_o or_o in_o manor_n land_n or_o tenement_n of_o the_o yearly_a value_n of_o forty_o pound_n shall_v any_o time_n hereafter_o have_v power_n to_o sit_v or_o in_o any_o wise_a intermeddle_v with_o the_o execution_n of_o such_o commission_n or_o commission_n during_o the_o time_n he_o or_o they_o shall_v continue_v or_o be_v such_o farmer_n or_o farmer_n of_o any_o such_o manner_n land_n and_o tenement_n and_o shall_v not_o have_v estate_n of_o freehold_a as_o aforesaid_a but_o that_o every_o such_o commission_n have_v respect_n only_o to_o every_o such_o person_n or_o person_n for_o such_o and_o so_o long_a time_n as_o he_o or_o they_o shall_v be_v or_o continue_v farmer_n or_o farmer_n of_o any_o such_o manor_n land_n or_o tenement_n shall_v be_v deny_v and_o judge_v in_o law_n as_o void_a but_o yet_o in_o the_o close_n up_o of_o that_o statute_n of_o 13_o el._n there_o be_v a_o proviso_n to_o this_o effect_n provide_v always_o that_o it_o shall_v be_v lawful_a for_o any_o commissioner_n be_v also_o a_o farmer_n and_o not_o have_v land_n or_o tenement_n to_o the_o clear_a yearly_a value_n of_o forty_o pound_n of_o freehold_n to_o sit_v by_o virtue_n of_o the_o say_a commission_n and_o have_v his_o voice_n and_o full_a authority_n with_o other_o to_o make_v and_o establish_v ordinance_n for_o sewer_n according_a to_o the_o tenure_n of_o the_o commission_n touch_v and_o concern_v all_o land_n and_o tenement_n within_o the_o precinct_n of_o every_o such_o commission_n other_o than_o such_o land_n and_o tenement_n as_o he_o or_o they_o for_o the_o time_n hold_v and_o enjoy_v as_o farmer_n as_o he_o or_o they_o may_v have_v do_v before_o the_o make_n of_o that_o statute_n but_o he_o can_v not_o have_v sit_v in_o execution_n of_o this_o commission_n before_o the_o make_n of_o this_o statute_n unless_o he_o have_v beside_o his_o lease_n land_n to_o the_o value_n of_o forty_o mark_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la and_o therefore_o a_o lease_n for_o year_n be_v no_o inablement_n at_o all_o but_o a_o disablement_n as_o this_o statute_n declare_v but_o the_o time_n when_o this_o have_v of_o land_n etc._n etc._n will_v suffice_v to_o qualify_v a_o commissioner_n to_o sit_v within_o this_o law_n be_v now_o to_o be_v consider_v of_o wherein_o i_o be_o opinion_n that_o the_o when_o have_v must_v be_v refer_v to_o the_o then_o sit_v for_o the_o word_n of_o the_o statute_n be_v that_o none_o take_v upon_o he_o to_o sit_v not_o have_v land_n to_o the_o yearly_a value_n of_o forty_o mark_n so_o that_o if_o he_o have_v not_o land_n of_o that_o value_n when_o he_o be_v first_o make_v a_o commissioner_n yet_o if_o he_o have_v so_o much_o when_o he_o sit_v upon_o the_o commission_n it_o will_v satisfy_v this_o law_n and_o if_o once_o he_o have_v land_n of_o that_o value_n and_o sit_v and_o after_o sell_v the_o land_n away_o or_o if_o they_o be_v evict_v from_o he_o he_o be_v then_o disable_v to_o sit_v as_o a_o commissioner_n by_o this_o statute_n and_o so_o if_o he_o be_v but_o tenant_n for_o the_o life_n of_o i._o s._n and_o i._n s._n die_v he_o ought_v not_o to_o sit_v in_o 12_o h._n 7._o 7._o a_o juror_n which_o be_v to_o pass_v upon_o trial_n of_o land_n be_v to_o have_v forty_o shilling_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la of_o freehold_n and_o 7._o 12_o h._n 7._o 7._o after_o he_o be_v impanel_v and_o before_o he_o be_v swear_v he_o sell_v away_o his_o land_n and_o when_o he_o come_v to_o be_v swear_v he_o be_v challenge_v for_o want_v of_o freehold_n but_o the_o challenge_n be_v disalow_v for_o after_o he_o be_v impanel_v his_o land_n though_o after_o sell_v away_o be_v chargeable_a with_o the_o issue_n which_o he_o after_o may_v lose_v in_o that_o matter_n and_o with_o this_o agree_v 14_o h._n 7._o 2._o by_o frowick_n but_o our_o statute_n be_v more_o precise_o pen_v which_o be_v that_o none_o do_v presume_v to_o sit_v unless_o he_o have_v land_n of_o that_o value_n or_o be_v etc._n etc._n therefore_o when_o he_o sit_v he_o must_v have_v the_o land_n and_o if_o a._n do_v bargain_n and_o sell_v his_o land_n to_o b._n by_o deed_n intend_v of_o that_o value_n and_o before_o the_o inrolment_n of_o the_o deed_n b._n do_v sit_v as_o commissioner_n and_o after_o the_o deed_n be_v enrol_v yet_o this_o do_v not_o qualify_v his_o offence_n and_o the_o relation_n of_o the_o work_n of_o this_o deed_n do_v not_o assist_v he_o to_o take_v off_o the_o penalty_n of_o this_o law_n also_o a_o man_n disseise_v be_v during_o the_o disseisin_n disable_v to_o sit_v for_o he_o have_v not_o then_o power_n to_o devise_v the_o land_n by_o the_o statute_n of_o 32_o h._n 8._o of_o will_n for_o that_o statute_n do_v as_o we_o do_v use_v the_o word_n have_v in_o presenti_fw-la and_o not_o in_o futuro_fw-la and_o thus_o much_o i_o think_v convenient_a upon_o this_o occasion_n to_o deliver_v my_o opinion_n when_o the_o commissioner_n must_v have_v his_o land_n of_o forty_o mark_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la to_o enable_v he_o to_o sit_v as_o a_o commissioner_n within_o this_o statute_n to_o treat_v of_o the_o utter_a barister_fw-mi i_o need_v not_o for_o when_o he_o have_v take_v the_o oath_n mention_v in_o the_o statute_n he_o be_v a_o absolute_a and_o complete_a commissioner_n within_o this_o law_n to_o all_o purpose_n although_o he_o have_v neither_o land_n or_o good_n according_a as_o the_o statute_n appoint_v other_o to_o have_v the_o second_o question_n the_o second_o question_n in_o my_o case_n touch_v this_o statute_n be_v whether_o the_o countess_n of_o warwick_n be_v a_o compatible_a commissioner_n within_o this_o statute_n although_o it_o be_v uncouth_a in_o our_o law_n to_o have_v woman_n justice_n and_o commissioner_n and_o to_o sit_v in_o place_n of_o judicature_n yet_o by_o the_o authority_n ensue_v you_o shall_v find_v this_o a_o point_n worth_n insist_v upon_o both_o in_o humane_a and_o in_o divine_a learning_n for_o in_o genesis_n chapter_n the_o first_o after_o the_o creation_n 1._o
alter_v former_a law_n it_o appear_v in_o esther_n that_o the_o law_n of_o the_o mede_n and_o persian_n be_v so_o perdurable_a as_o they_o can_v never_o be_v change_v and_o in_o my_o opinion_n there_o be_v require_v as_o great_a foresight_n judgement_n and_o as_o sound_v discretion_n and_o mature_a deliberation_n in_o repeal_n of_o old_a law_n as_o in_o make_v new_a one_o for_o quae_fw-la preter_fw-la consuetudinem_fw-la &_o morem_fw-la major_n '_o fiunt_fw-la neque_fw-la placent_fw-la neque_fw-la recta_fw-la videmur_fw-la i_o have_v note_v how_o careful_o and_o constant_a the_o lord_n of_o the_o parliament_n house_n be_v in_o the_o 20_o year_n of_o h._n 3._o when_o they_o all_o cry_v out_o aloud_o nolumus_fw-la leges_fw-la angliae_fw-la mutare_fw-la see_v therefore_o there_o ought_v to_o be_v great_a care_n in_o make_v law_n so_o must_v there_o be_v great_a heed_n take_v in_o repeal_n of_o law_n and_o because_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n have_v power_n herein_o i_o will_v therefore_o deliver_v my_o opinion_n how_o far_o that_o power_n will_v extend_v and_o if_o one_o note_v this_o branch_n of_o the_o statute_n well_o he_o shall_v well_o perceive_v the_o judicious_a care_n take_v by_o the_o parliament_n in_o pen_v of_o it_o for_o the_o word_n be_v that_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n shall_v have_v power_n and_o authority_n to_o make_v constitute_v and_o ordain_v law_n ordinance_n and_o decree_n and_o the_o same_o law_n and_o ordinance_n omit_v the_o word_n decree_v to_o alter_v repeal_n and_o make_v void_a for_o a_o decree_n be_v a_o judgement_n and_o be_v finis_fw-la operis_fw-la and_o a_o judgement_n can_v be_v reverse_v without_o a_o writ_n of_o error_n neither_o can_v a_o sentence_n or_o a_o decree_n in_o chancery_n be_v reverse_v without_o a_o bill_n of_o review_n neither_o can_v the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n reverse_v a_o judgement_n or_o decree_n of_o sewer_n judicious_o pronounce_v which_o be_v a_o judgement_n upon_o a_o trial_n betwixt_o the_o king_n and_o the_o party_n or_o betwixt_o party_n and_o party_n without_o a_o bill_n of_o reversal_n for_o it_o be_v true_o say_v quod_fw-la naturale_fw-la est_fw-la unum_fw-la quod_n dissolvi_fw-la eo_fw-la ligamine_fw-la quo_fw-la ligatum_fw-la est_fw-la a_o writ_n of_o error_n lay_v at_o the_o common_a law_n for_o to_o reverse_v a_o judgement_n give_v by_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n when_o the_o commission_n be_v in_o latin_a as_o be_v set_v forth_o in_o the_o register_n be_v then_o one_o of_o the_o special_a commission_n of_o oyer_n and_o terminer_n but_o since_o the_o commission_n be_v put_v into_o the_o english_a frame_n the_o writ_n of_o error_n cease_v a_o law_n for_o sale_n of_o land_n ingross_v into_o parchment_n and_o certify_v into_o the_o king_n court_n of_o chancery_n with_o the_o king_n royal_a assent_n have_v thereto_o be_v not_o reversable_a without_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n but_o then_o the_o say_a sale_n must_v be_v make_v according_a to_o the_o form_n frame_n and_o power_n of_o this_o statute_n for_o put_v the_o case_n that_o a._n b._n hold_v his_o land_n of_o i._o s._n by_o the_o payment_n of_o twenty_o shilling_n yearly_a towards_o the_o repair_n of_o such_o a_o bridge_n bank_n or_o wall_n it_o fortune_v that_o a._n b._n pay_v the_o twenty_o shilling_n yearly_a to_o his_o lord_n for_o that_o purpose_n who_o neglect_v to_o pay_v it_o though_o he_o be_v thereto_o order_v and_o assess_v to_o pay_v the_o same_o to_o the_o say_a repair_n by_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n the_o seignory_n of_o twenty_o shilling_n yearly_o be_v to_o be_v decree_v and_o not_o the_o land_n for_o that_o the_o fault_n be_v in_o i._o s._n and_o not_o in_o a._n b._n the_o owner_n of_o the_o land_n if_o any_o person_n be_v by_o prescription_n custom_n tenure_n covenant_n or_o otherwise_o bind_v to_o repair_v wall_n bank_n or_o other_o defence_n of_o sewer_n the_o commissioner_n have_v not_o any_o power_n by_o their_o commission_n to_o repeal_v alter_v or_o make_v void_a any_o of_o these_o because_o these_o be_v establish_v by_o the_o common_a law_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o not_o by_o the_o power_n of_o the_o commission_n of_o sewer_n but_o their_o power_n be_v to_o repeal_v alter_v or_o make_v void_a law_n and_o ordinance_n make_v by_o themselves_o or_o by_o the_o power_n of_o their_o commission_n and_o so_o the_o word_n of_o their_o commission_n plain_o describe_v it_o for_o thereby_o they_o have_v power_n to_o make_v law_n and_o ordinance_n and_o the_o same_o to_o repeal_v alter_v and_o make_v void_a so_o they_o must_v be_v the_o same_o and_o no_o other_o and_o herein_o i_o end_v all_o my_o argument_n and_o discourse_n upon_o this_o statute_n for_o i_o account_v all_o the_o rest_n which_o remain_v unspoken_a of_o not_o to_o be_v worthy_a of_o a_o reader_n dialect_n because_o i_o have_v full_o handle_v all_o the_o material_n of_o this_o worthy_a law_n and_o therefore_o i_o may_v just_o â—â—â—clude_v my_o argument_n with_o this_o that_o finitum_fw-la est_fw-la hoc_fw-la opus_fw-la â—_o consumatum_fw-la finis_fw-la
the_o read_n of_o that_o famous_a and_o learned_a gentleman_n robert_n calais_n esq_n sergeant_n at_o law_n upon_o the_o statute_n of_o 23_o h._n 8._o cap._n 5._o of_o sewer_n as_o it_o be_v deliver_v by_o he_o at_o grays-inn_n in_o august_n 1622._o quod_fw-la omnes_fw-la tangit_fw-la ab_fw-la omnibus_fw-la supportari_fw-la debet_fw-la london_n print_v for_o william_n leak_n and_o be_v to_o be_v sell_v at_o his_o shop_n at_o the_o sign_n of_o the_o crown_n in_o fleetstreet_n between_o the_o temple-gate_n mdcxlvii_o reader_n among_o other_o decay_n in_o the_o commonwealth_n those_o of_o bridge_n calceys_n havens_n and_o port_n be_v not_o of_o the_o least_o consideration_n as_o the_o gate_n that_o open_a and_o let_v in_o commerce_n and_o the_o way_n that_o convey_v and_o lead_v it_o through_o the_o kingdom_n and_o it_o seem_v to_o i_o to_o be_v of_o so_o public_a a_o necessity_n that_o i_o do_v conceive_v this_o learned_a piece_n upon_o the_o law_n of_o sewer_n will_v come_v seasonable_o abroad_o and_o find_v a_o entertainment_n suitable_a to_o the_o usefulness_n of_o it_o at_o this_o time_n when_o the_o country_n be_v almost_o become_v unpassable_a by_o the_o late_a trouble_n wherein_o the_o endeavour_n be_v more_o to_o be_v secure_v at_o home_n from_o they_o that_o be_v abroad_o then_o to_o traffic_n with_o they_o if_o you_o can_v sit_v down_o to_o a_o cold_a read_n here_o be_v one_o serve_v out_o to_o you_o at_o my_o cost_n all_o that_o i_o shall_v add_v to_o your_o cheer_n be_v that_o i_o have_v public_a allowance_n to_o make_v the_o invitation_n if_o the_o printer_n have_v commit_v infanticidium_fw-la lay_v the_o blame_n upon_o he_o but_o if_o he_o have_v deliver_v the_o press_n of_o it_o so_o imperfect_o that_o it_o will_v be_v only_o fit_a to_o move_v pity_n and_o to_o beg_v withal_o the_o misfortune_n be_v i_o and_o i_o must_v keep_v it_o farewell_o â§_o the_o chief_a matter_n in_o this_o book_n as_o they_o lie_v dispose_v in_o each_o day_n work_v of_o the_o read_n in_o the_o first_o lecture_n the_o reader_n grave_a speech_n the_o cause_n wherefore_o he_o read_v on_o this_o statute_n antiquity_n of_o the_o law_n of_o sewer_n the_o extent_n of_o this_o law_n the_o necessary_a use_n of_o this_o law_n the_o division_n of_o this_o law_n the_o first_o case_n put_v for_o tbe_n first_o lecture_n the_o point_n of_o the_o first_o case_n the_o reader_n argument_n upon_o the_o first_o case_n the_o reader_n argument_n upon_o this_o statute_n and_o commission_n the_o definition_n of_o island_n etc._n etc._n what_o ground_n shall_v be_v say_v to_o be_v leave_v by_o the_o sea_n the_o reader_n tenet_n thereupon_o the_o shore_n what_o seacoast_n what_o creek_n what_o arm_v of_o the_o sea_n what_o diversity_n between_o a_o shore_n coast_n and_o creek_n bay_fw-mi fleet_n and_o mere_n what_o a_o port_n what_o diversity_n between_o creek_n haven_n and_o port._n diversity_n between_o ground_n gain_v and_o ground_n leave_v the_o conclusion_n of_o the_o reader_n upon_o his_o first_o lecture_n in_o the_o second_o lecture_n what_o business_n on_o land_n this_o law_n do_v defend_v and_o what_o offence_n it_o reform_v the_o case_n for_o the_o second_o lecture_n the_o point_n thereof_o both_o at_o the_o common_a law_n and_o on_o the_o statute_n the_o argument_n on_o the_o second_o case_n two_o conceit_n of_o the_o reader_n bank_n what_o wall_z what_o river_n what_o the_o property_n of_o run_a water_n in_o who_o a_o sewer_n what_o a_o gutter_n what_o ditch_n pool_n pond_n what_o stream_n conduit_n spring_n what_o case_n put_v by_o the_o reader_n upon_o they_o bridge_n and_o provision_n for_o they_o calcey_n what_o goat_n for_o what_o use_n new_a defence_n argument_n pro_fw-la &_o con_v for_o new_a defence_n the_o king_n counsel_n order_n what_o view_n and_o survey_n be_v what_o may_v be_v do_v by_o officer_n of_o sewer_n by_o survey_n only_o what_o may_v be_v do_v by_o jury_n what_o may_v be_v do_v by_o their_o discretion_n the_o several_a degree_n of_o discretion_n in_o what_o thing_n commissioner_n be_v to_o be_v rule_v by_o good_a discretion_n nine_o several_a way_n for_o keep_v and_o repair_v defence_n 1._o frontage_n 2._o ownership_n 3._o prescription_n 4._o custom_n 5._o tenure_n 6._o covenant_n 7._o usus_fw-la rei_fw-la 8._o township_n 9_o this_o law_n of_o sewer_n whether_o one_o may_v be_v tax_v for_o tithe_n by_o the_o law_n of_o sewer_n or_o not_o whether_o a_o copyholder_n for_o his_o copyhold_n and_o a_o lord_n for_o his_o freehold_n of_o that_o soil_n shall_v be_v assess_v four_o tenet_n concern_v copyholder_n what_o land_n and_o other_o thing_n and_o what_o person_n and_o in_o what_o degree_n they_o be_v to_o be_v assess_v towards_o repair_v by_o this_o law_n in_o this_o case_n 1._o high_a mountainous_a ground_n by_o prescription_n custom_n and_o tenure_n 2._o dean_n and_o chapter_n etc._n etc._n for_o a_o annuity_n 3_o for_o common_a of_o pischary_n in_o fen_n etc._n etc._n 4._o for_o a_o ferry_n 5._o for_o herbage_n 6._o for_o free_a passage_n on_o a_o river_n park_n warrens_n cum_fw-la multis_fw-la aliis_fw-la the_o large_a extent_n of_o the_o word_n tenement_n charge_v on_o the_o level_n by_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n nine_o several_a way_n the_o reader_n conclusion_n of_o the_o second_o lecture_n in_o the_o three_o lecture_n what_o law_n be_v the_o case_n for_o the_o three_o lecture_n this_o case_n divide_v into_o three_o point_n at_o the_o common_a law_n and_o five_o upon_o the_o statute_n 1._o point_v whether_o a_o office_n may_v be_v entail_v or_o not_o 2._o whether_o it_o be_v a_o ordinary_a entail_n or_o franck-mariage_n and_o what_o thing_n incident_a to_o franck-mariage_n 3._o how_o a_o bastard_n may_v inherit_v land_n the_o sewer_n a_o court_n of_o justice_n how_o court_v have_v their_o beginning_n the_o reason_n that_o sewer_n be_v a_o count_n imprisonment_n by_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n in_o what_o case_n commissioner_n may_v imprison_v fine_a and_o amerce_v the_o quality_n of_o a_o fine_a amerciament_n what_o a_o distress_n and_o the_o several_a kind_n of_o it_o in_o what_o place_n a_o distress_n may_v be_v take_v who_o good_n may_v be_v distrain_v where_o property_n of_o good_n be_v alterable_a without_o consent_n sale_n of_o good_n by_o the_o law_n of_o sewer_n who_o good_n may_v be_v sell_v by_o this_o law_n where_o a_o replevin_n lie_v and_o where_o not_o case_n reconcile_v concern_v replevin_n a_o perpetual_a charge_n upon_o land_n sales_n of_o land_n for_o what_o cause_n land_n may_v be_v sell_v what_o land_n be_v to_o be_v sell_v what_o person_n and_o estate_n be_v bind_v hereby_o to_o who_o land_n may_v be_v decree_v by_o this_o law_n legal_a proceed_n where_o traversable_a and_o where_o not_o whether_o the_o law_n of_o sewer_n will_v permit_v any_o exemption_n the_o reader_n conclusion_n on_o the_o three_o lecture_n in_o the_o four_o lecture_n three_o point_n at_o the_o common_a law_n and_o four_o upon_o the_o statute_n how_o a_o competent_a commissioner_n must_v be_v qualify_v and_o if_o not_o how_o punish_v what_o quality_n make_v a_o free_a citizen_n a_o competent_a commissioner_n the_o punishment_n the_o roman_a law_n do_v inflict_v upon_o stranger_n exile_v describe_v abjuration_n a_o legal_a exile_n what_o a_o man_n exile_v forfeit_v how_o many_o way_n a_o freeman_n of_o a_o city_n or_o borough_n may_v be_v make_v what_o kind_n of_o habitation_n the_o freeman_n shall_v be_v of_o what_o be_v and_o what_o be_v not_o valueable_a substance_n what_o good_n will_v enable_v one_o to_o be_v a_o commissioner_n and_o what_o not_o what_o be_v hereditament_n in_o this_o law_n a_o utter_a barrister_n be_v a_o fit_a comissioner_n whether_o a_o woman_n may_v be_v a_o competent_a commissioner_n within_o this_o statute_n a_o infant_n above_o fourteen_o and_o under_o twenty_o one_o year_n a_o commissioner_n whether_o law_n and_o ordinance_n make_v by_o a_o disable_v commissioner_n be_v void_a or_o not_o ten_o impediment_n or_o annoyance_n this_o statute_n speak_v of_o viz._n 1._o stream_n 2._o mill_n 4._o bridges_n 3._o pond_n 5._o fishgarth_n 6._o mildam_n 7._o lock_n 8._o hebbingwere_n 9_o heck_n and_o 10._o floodgate_n these_o impediment_n and_o annoyance_n discourse_v of_o to_o make_v a_o stream_n navigable_a the_o reader_n conclusion_n on_o the_o four_o lecture_n in_o the_o five_o lecture_n a_o short_a speech_n of_o the_o reader_n a_o brief_a repetition_n what_o be_v handle_v in_o the_o four_o former_a lecture_n commissioner_n of_o sewer_n have_v power_n to_o make_v constitute_v and_o ordain_v law_n ordinance_n and_o decree_n and_o the_o same_o to_o amend_v or_o make_v new_a thing_n considerable_a in_o make_v new_a law_n and_o ordinance_n a_o law_n ordinance_n and_o decree_n what_o they_o be_v and_o their_o difference_n law_n and_o ordinance_n for_o sale_n of_o land_n how_o to_o be_v perfect_v and_o in_o
according_a to_o my_o say_a conclusion_n of_o my_o case_n here_o the_o king_n have_v a_o part_n the_o prince_n a_o part_n and_o the_o subject_a a_o part_n of_o the_o ground_n leave_v by_o the_o sea_n my_o tenet_n therefore_o be_v these_o first_o that_o the_o subject_n may_v have_v the_o ground_n of_o the_o sea_n to_o the_o low-water_n mark_n and_o that_o no_o custom_n can_v extend_v the_o ownership_n of_o a_o subject_a further_o that_o a_o subject_n can_v have_v the_o ground_n to_o the_o low-water_n mark_n but_o by_o custom_n and_o prescription_n and_o i_o take_v it_o that_o it_o be_v very_o disputable_a whether_o ground_n before_o they_o be_v relinquish_v by_o the_o sea_n may_v be_v gain_v by_o charter_n and_o grant_n from_o the_o crown_n i_o suppose_v they_o may_v that_o the_o word_n incrementum_fw-la &_o decrementum_fw-la maris_fw-la be_v full_o describe_v by_o the_o say_a record_n of_o 43_o e._n 3._o of_o the_o abbot_n of_o ramsey_n that_o be_v that_o if_o the_o decrease_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v by_o little_a and_o unperceiveable_a mean_n and_o grow_v only_o in_o long_a tract_n of_o time_n whereby_o some_o addition_n be_v make_v to_o the_o frontager_n ground_n these_o by_o these_o word_n may_v appertain_v to_o the_o subject_n and_o herein_o the_o say_a word_n have_v no_o other_o operation_n but_o land_n leave_v to_o the_o shore_n by_o great_a quantity_n and_o by_o a_o sudden_a occasion_n and_o perceivable_a mean_n accrue_v whole_o to_o the_o king_n that_o the_o increase_n to_o the_o say_a county_n palatine_n for_o the_o cause_n aforesaid_a do_v appertain_v to_o the_o prince_n as_o earl_n of_o chester_n the_o shore_n but_o now_o i_o be_o arrive_v at_o the_o continent_n and_o the_o first_o ground_n i_o set_v my_o foot_n on_o be_v the_o shore_n which_o in_o latin_a be_v call_v littus_n maris_n it_o take_v the_o name_n whole_o from_o the_o sea_n as_o partake_v most_o with_o her_o nature_n and_o so_o exit_fw-la digniori_fw-la parte_fw-la appellatur_fw-la yet_o it_o be_v not_o all_o one_o with_o the_o sea_n nor_o with_o the_o land_n but_o participate_v with_o they_o both_o and_o mr._n bracton_n in_o his_o second_o book_n chap._n 12._o say_v that_o littora_fw-la maris_fw-la bracton_n bracton_n accessoria_fw-la what_o the_o shore_n be_v appear_v by_o justinian_n the_o emperor_n in_o his_o institutes_n lib._n 2._o pag._n 141._o and_o be_v there_o thus_o define_v justinian_n justinian_n littus_n maris_fw-la est_fw-la quousque_fw-la maximus_fw-la hibernicus_n &_o jus_o fluctus_fw-la eluderet_fw-la &_o quousque_fw-la fluctus_fw-la maris_fw-la in_o estate_n longius_fw-la exestuat_fw-la and_o with_o this_o agree_v cicero_n topicorum_fw-la the_o shore_n be_v not_o count_v for_o land_n or_o ground_n gain_v from_o the_o sea_n or_o leave_v by_o it_o because_o at_o cicero_n cicero_n every_o full_a sea_n it_o be_v cover_v with_o the_o water_n thereof_o in_o the_o 13._o chapter_n of_o st._n matthews_n gospel_n ver_fw-la 2_o 3._o it_o be_v say_v that_o 3._o mat._n 13._o 2_o 3._o our_o saviour_n jesus_n go_v into_o a_o ship_n and_o sate_v there_o and_o the_o whole_a multitude_n stand_v on_o the_o shore_n and_o he_o speak_v unto_o they_o hereby_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o shore_n be_v the_o dry_a land_n because_o they_o stand_v thereon_o and_o it_o be_v a_o great_a quantity_n of_o ground_n for_o thereon_o stand_v a_o multitude_n and_o it_o be_v near_o the_o brink_n of_o the_o water_n because_o they_o hear_v jesus_n speak_v unto_o they_o out_o of_o the_o ship_n in_o point_n of_o property_n and_o ownership_n it_o be_v the_o king_n as_o lord_n of_o the_o sea_n but_o as_o sir_n henry_n constable_n case_n be_v a_o subject_n may_v have_v the_o same_o as_o belong_v to_o his_o manor_n by_o prescription_n in_o the_o imperial_a law_n which_o the_o civilian_n use_v the_o sea_n shore_n be_v hold_v to_o be_v common_a to_o all_o and_o that_o it_o be_v as_o lawful_a for_o diogenes_n the_o poor_a cynic_n as_o croesus_n the_o rich_a king_n casam_n 161._o ponere_fw-la &_o retia_fw-la siccare_fw-la but_o our_o common_a law_n of_o england_n do_v in_o reason_n much_o surpass_v either_o the_o imperial_a law_n or_o the_o civil_a law_n in_o distinguish_v upon_o these_o for_o it_o be_v say_v rex_fw-la in_fw-la ca_fw-mi habit_n proprietatem_fw-la sed_fw-la populus_fw-la habet_fw-la usum_fw-la ibidem_fw-la necessarium_fw-la so_o that_o as_o to_o the_o lade_n and_o unlade_v of_o ship_n and_o for_o dry_v of_o net_n there_o and_o for_o other_o necessary_a business_n the_o subject_n have_v these_o use_n therein_o but_o the_o soil_n and_o ground_n thereof_o belong_v proper_o dom_a '_o regi_fw-la and_o a_o subject_n may_v have_v the_o same_o by_o prescription_n and_o therefore_o such_o as_o hold_v the_o shore_n to_o be_v the_o extreme_a point_n both_o of_o land_n and_o water_n be_v in_o a_o great_a error_n for_o as_o justinian_n say_v in_o his_o institutes_n quod_fw-la gemmae_fw-la &_o lapilli_fw-la praeciosi_fw-la inveniuntur_fw-la which_o can_v be_v take_v no_o otherwise_o sed_fw-la super_fw-la terram_fw-la aqua_fw-la relictam_fw-la so_o that_o this_o shall_v suffice_v to_o have_v say_v concern_v the_o sea_n shore_n sea_n coast_n the_o coast_n of_o the_o sea_n come_v next_o in_o order_n to_o be_v treat_v of_o costera_fw-la maris_fw-la be_v word_n well_o know_v but_o their_o confine_a definition_n be_v hard_o to_o be_v find_v out_o yet_o certain_o they_o contain_v the_o shore_n and_o bank_n for_o by_o the_o statute_n of_o 27._o eliz._n chap._n 24._o a_o act_n be_v make_v for_o the_o mend_n of_o the_o bank_n and_o 24._o 27_o eliz._n 24._o sea_n work_v on_o the_o sea_n coast_n but_o in_o the_o 7._o chap._n of_o maccabee_n coast_n have_v a_o large_a extent_n for_o there_o demetrius_n son_n of_o seleucus_n depart_v from_o rome_n and_o come_v to_o a_o city_n of_o the_o sea_n 7._o maccabee_n 7._o coast_n here_o a_o whole_a city_n be_v set_v on_o the_o sea_n coast_n and_o in_o justine_n treat_v of_o alexander_n the_o great_a it_o be_v report_v of_o he_o that_o he_o enter_v into_o licia_n and_o pamphilia_n and_o win_v and_o conquer_v all_o justine_n justine_n the_o sea_n coast_n this_o can_v be_v take_v for_o no_o less_o than_o whole_a country_n for_o alexander_n great_a mind_n and_o huge_a army_n can_v not_o march_v on_o a_o molehill_n or_o small_a tract_n of_o ground_n in_o st._n mark_n chap._n 7._o it_o be_v thus_o write_v that_o jesus_n depart_v from_o the_o coast_n of_o tyre_n and_o sydon_n come_v to_o galilee_n so_o that_o it_o may_v thereby_o be_v gather_v that_o these_o coast_n be_v near_o the_o sea_n for_o our_o saviour_n be_v no_o soon_o out_o of_o the_o coast_n but_o he_o be_v on_o the_o sea_n which_o show_v that_o sea_n and_o coast_n be_v contiguè_fw-fr jacentia_fw-la yet_o no_o certain_a definition_n can_v i_o find_v of_o the_o word_n coast_n of_o the_o sea_n but_o by_o these_o and_o such_o like_a description_n yet_o this_o i_o gather_v and_o collect_v thereby_o that_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o whole_a world_n a_o whole_a kingdom_n lie_v next_o may_v be_v say_v to_o be_v a_o sea_n coast_n and_o a_o whole_a county_n in_o respect_n of_o a_o kingdom_n and_o in_o my_o opinion_n the_o next_o town_n and_o territory_n thereof_o lie_v next_o to_o the_o sea_n be_v in_o our_o law_n take_v to_o be_v the_o sea_n coast_n and_o no_o other_o and_o therefore_o some_o do_v much_o err_v which_o take_v coast_n to_o be_v the_o edge_n of_o land_n next_o the_o water_n and_o shore_n to_o be_v the_o brink_n of_o the_o water_n next_o the_o land_n quasi_fw-la duo_fw-la opposita_fw-la and_o because_o creek_n havens_n and_o port_n be_v all_o of_o they_o within_o the_o charge_n of_o this_o law_n and_o this_o statute_n be_v material_o make_v in_o defence_n thereof_o and_o as_o they_o differ_v in_o appellation_n so_o they_o vary_v in_o definition_n yet_o they_o do_v in_o some_o thing_n agree_v in_o the_o material_a i_o will_v therefore_o deliver_v my_o opinion_n of_o they_o creek_n creek_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v a_o inlet_n of_o sea_n corner_a into_o the_o main_a land_n shoot_v with_o a_o narrow_a passage_n into_o some_o angle_n of_o the_o land_n and_o therein_o stretch_v itself_o more_o then_o ordinary_a into_o the_o land_n and_o so_o hold_v not_o even_a quarter_n with_o the_o levant_n sea_n and_o such_o creek_n or_o inlet_n we_o common_o term_v in_o the_o law_n to_o be_v arm_n of_o the_o sea_n for_o like_a as_o the_o arm_n of_o a_o man_n shoot_v out_o from_o the_o body_n so_o by_o a_o metaphor_n the_o inlet_n or_o corner_n of_o the_o sea_n let_v into_o the_o land_n be_v call_v a_o arm_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o although_o it_o go_v far_o into_o the_o land_n yet_o the_o point_n of_o land_n on_o both_o side_n may_v well_o be_v discover_v and_o this_o appear_v in_o that_o great_a arm_n of_o the_o sea_n on_o humber_n where_o it_o
the_o exposition_n be_v not_o to_o be_v tie_v hereto_o so_o notwithstanding_o this_o exception_n these_o ground_n though_o gain_v since_o the_o statute_n be_v within_o the_o relief_n thereof_o the_o second_o cause_n wherefore_o these_o new_a ground_n shall_v not_o be_v within_o this_o law_n be_v because_o these_o land_n be_v increase_v beyond_o the_o bound_n since_o the_o make_n of_o these_o law_n and_o so_o it_o may_v be_v allege_v that_o they_o can_v extend_v to_o the_o new_a enlargement_n for_o mr._n blow_n in_o his_o com._n fol._n 129._o say_v that_o law_n com._n blow_n com._n and_o privilege_n tie_v to_o a_o certain_a place_n or_o precinct_n can_v be_v 129._o fol._n 129._o extend_v or_o enlarge_v beyond_o the_o ancient_a bound_n although_o the_o predinct_n be_v enlarge_v as_o the_o case_n in_o 7_o h._n 6._o fol._n 32._o 32._o 7_o h_n 6._o fol._n 32._o where_n in_o a_o nativo_fw-la habendo_fw-la a_o villain_n have_v remain_v a_o year_n and_o a_o day_n in_o london_n which_o be_v ancient_a demesn_a and_o there_o be_v a_o privilege_n that_o every_o villain_n and_o bondslave_n which_o have_v remain_v a_o day_n and_o a_o year_n in_o london_n the_o lord_n may_v not_o seize_v he_o and_o the_o villain_n plead_v that_o he_o have_v remain_v a_o year_n and_o a_o day_n there_o and_o so_o take_v himself_o to_o be_v within_o that_o privilege_n but_o because_o since_o the_o say_a liberty_n grant_v the_o bound_n of_o london_n be_v much_o increase_v therefore_o it_o be_v there_o hold_v that_o the_o say_a liberty_n and_o privilege_n do_v not_o extend_v to_o the_o new_a enlargement_n and_o the_o case_n be_v also_o put_v in_o the_o say_a comment_n that_o the_o bishop_n of_o durham_n have_v divers_a liberty_n in_o his_o land_n lie_v between_o the_o two_o river_n of_o tyne_n and_o tese_n and_o after_o he_o purchase_v other_o land_n there_o the_o say_a liberty_n do_v not_o extend_v to_o the_o say_v new_o purchase_v land_n and_o the_o like_a law_n be_v if_o one_o have_v a_o warren_n in_o his_o manor_n and_o land_n in_o dale_n after_o he_o purchase_v more_o ground_n there_o his_o warren_n do_v not_o extend_v unto_o they_o and_o so_o where_o one_o have_v by_o charter_n the_o land_n of_o person_n forfeit_v for_o treason_n he_o can_v not_o have_v by_o the_o say_v ancient_a charter_n land_n forfeit_v for_o treason_n by_o tenant_n in_o tail_n because_o the_o forfeiture_n of_o they_o be_v give_v by_o a_o late_a statute_n since_o the_o charter_n but_o his_o non_fw-la obstantibus_fw-la i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o this_o statute_n i_o now_o treat_v on_o extend_v to_o these_o new_a gain_v ground_n and_o i_o take_v a_o difference_n between_o a_o special_a law_n of_o privilege_n and_o liberty_n which_o be_v stint_v or_o bound_v either_o by_o statute_n charter_n or_o custom_n the_o same_o can_v by_o no_o construction_n be_v make_v to_o exceed_v the_o bound_n but_o the_o general_a law_n of_o this_o kingdom_n as_o this_o law_n of_o we_o be_v the_o extent_n thereof_o be_v as_o large_a as_o the_o whole_a realm_n be_v and_o they_o be_v not_o tie_v to_o stint_a limit_n as_o particular_a private_a charter_n and_o custom_n be_v and_o so_o i_o conclude_v that_o in_o point_n of_o extent_n this_o statute_n of_o 23_o h._n 8._o be_v tie_v to_o no_o other_o bound_n then_o to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n diversity_n between_o ground_n gain_v and_o ground_n leave_v the_o three_o matter_n be_v that_o which_o i_o have_v ground_v the_o conclusion_n of_o my_o case_n upon_o and_o that_o be_v whether_o the_o ground_n in_o my_o case_n new_o leave_v by_o the_o sea_n to_o the_o shore_n and_o the_o shore_n be_v such_o ground_n as_o be_v within_o this_o commission_n and_o in_o my_o opinion_n they_o be_v not_o and_o therefore_o to_o maintain_v my_o opinion_n herein_o i_o take_v a_o difference_n between_o ground_n leave_v by_o the_o sea_n and_o ground_n gain_v from_o the_o sea_n for_o ground_n leave_v be_v of_o no_o value_n and_o bring_v forth_o no_o fruit_n or_o increase_v at_o all_o but_o the_o uppermost_a part_n thereof_o be_v sand_n which_o these_o law_n take_v no_o hold_n of_o for_o the_o commission_n extend_v only_o to_o ground_n win_v and_o make_v profitable_a for_o the_o commonwealth_n of_o this_o realm_n which_o terra_n relicta_fw-la yield_v not_o for_o no_o profit_n at_o all_o thereof_o arise_v till_o the_o sand_n be_v in_v and_o gain_v and_o these_o law_n make_v the_o commissioner_n saviour_n and_o not_o gainer_n and_o therefore_o do_v extend_v the_o commission_n but_o to_o the_o utttermost_a bank_n and_o wall_n and_o leave_v the_o shore_n as_o ground_n possess_v by_o the_o sea_n and_o so_o be_v put_v pro_fw-la in_o defenso_fw-la by_o this_o law_n and_o therefore_o i_o do_v make_v my_o conclusion_n as_o follow_v first_o that_o the_o sea_n creek_n and_o bay_n be_v all_o within_o this_o statute_n in_o point_n of_o extent_n but_o that_o they_o and_o the_o shore_n and_o the_o relinquish_v ground_n be_v all_o of_o they_o out_o of_o this_o commission_n of_o sewer_n to_o be_v deal_v withal_o thereby_o second_o that_o port_n and_o havens_n be_v total_o the_o water_n as_o well_o as_o the_o wall_n and_o bank_n thereof_o within_o the_o commission_n of_o sewer_n three_o the_o shore_n and_o ground_n leave_v by_o the_o sea_n when_o they_o be_v put_v as_o in_o gainage_n be_v then_o and_o not_o before_o within_o the_o power_n of_o the_o commission_n of_o sewer_n four_o although_o the_o ground_n leave_v by_o the_o sea_n be_v not_o in_o point_n of_o defence_n within_o the_o commission_n of_o sewer_n yet_o a_o wall_n or_o bank_n may_v be_v thereon_o raise_v for_o the_o aid_n and_o succour_v of_o the_o country_n but_o not_o for_o any_o cause_n where_o the_o defence_n extend_v but_o to_o themselves_o and_o although_o the_o ground_n that_o have_v be_v gain_v from_o the_o sea_n in_o the_o county_n of_o lincoln_n and_o elsewhere_o in_o this_o realm_n yet_o that_o be_v do_v at_o the_o labour_n of_o private_a man_n and_o not_o by_o the_o commission_n of_o sewer_n which_o aim_v at_o the_o general_a good_a and_o not_o at_o private_a commodity_n so_o that_o super_fw-la totam_fw-la materiam_fw-la i_o be_o of_o opinion_n with_o the_o conclusion_n of_o my_o case_n that_o be_v that_o the_o say_v new_a island_n be_v the_o king_n the_o ground_n leave_v to_o the_o shore_n pertain_v to_o c._n the_o subject_n and_o that_o because_o they_o be_v all_o of_o they_o within_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n they_o be_v therefore_o within_o the_o extent_n of_o this_o statute_n but_o in_o regard_n they_o be_v ground_n leave_v only_o and_o not_o gain_v nor_o make_v profitable_a for_o the_o commonwealth_n of_o this_o realm_n they_o be_v not_o therefore_o within_o this_o commission_n and_o so_o i_o conclude_v my_o argument_n as_o i_o do_v my_o case_n in_o which_o i_o hope_v i_o have_v neither_o injure_v the_o subject_a in_o his_o private_a inheritance_n nor_o wrong_a prerogative_n in_o any_o point_n finis_fw-la primae_fw-la lecturae_fw-la initium_fw-la secundae_fw-la lecturae_fw-la forasmuch_o as_o the_o first_o day_n i_o go_v perambulation_n about_o the_o sea_n and_o of_o all_o which_o belong_v to_o her_o empire_n and_o dominion_n wherein_o i_o do_v survey_v her_o bound_n her_o quality_n and_o her_o government_n now_o i_o do_v intend_v to_o go_v a_o progress_n through_o the_o land_n and_o to_o take_v a_o view_n of_o the_o fair_a goodly_a river_n which_o make_v their_o voyage_n to_o the_o sea_n for_o these_o my_o statute_n have_v take_v into_o her_o protection_n and_o this_o second_o day_n i_o purpose_v to_o call_v a_o court_n of_o oyer_n and_o terminer_n and_o i_o do_v intend_v with_o your_o gentle_a patience_n to_o examine_v all_o the_o particular_n there_o arise_v and_o because_o the_o say_a statute_n of_o 23_o h._n 8._o must_v be_v my_o chief_a guide_n to_o direct_v my_o fair_a passage_n through_o these_o uncouth_a way_n i_o will_v pray_v aid_n thereon_o and_o i_o will_v now_o proceed_v to_o declare_v what_o business_n on_o land_n this_o law_n have_v undertake_v to_o defend_v and_o what_o offence_n it_o purpose_v to_o reform_v and_o according_o the_o say_a law_n do_v distribute_v itself_o into_o these_o particular_a branch_n i._o i._o first_o into_o matter_n of_o defence_n this_o statute_n maintain_v be_v these_o follow_v viz._n 1._o wall_n 2._o bank_n 3._o ditch_n 4._o gutter_n 5._o sewer_n 6._o goat_n 7._o calceys_n 8._o bridges_n second_o into_o matter_n of_o offence_n which_o this_o statute_n term_v let_v we_o impediment_n and_o annoyance_n which_o be_v to_o be_v put_v down_o or_o reform_v as_o cause_n shall_v require_v 1._o stream_n 2._o mill_n 3._o pond_n 4._o fishgarth_n 5._o mildam_n 6._o lock_n 7._o hebbingwer_n 8._o heck_n 9_o floodgate_n 10._o other_o like_a let_n and_o impediment_n and_o to_o the_o end_n i_o may_v full_o
examine_v this_o part_n of_o the_o statute_n which_o produce_v these_o matter_n i_o have_v frame_v a_o case_n which_o do_v give_v occasion_n in_o this_o day_n exercise_v to_o dispute_v of_o all_o they_o the_o case_n for_o the_o second_o lecture_n a._n lease_v his_o manor_n in_o the_o county_n of_o lincoln_n in_o which_o case_n second_o case_n be_v copyhold_n to_o b._n a_o young_a son_n for_o his_o life_n upon_o condition_n to_o have_v it_o for_o the_o life_n of_o c._n upon_o condition_n to_o have_v it_o to_o he_o and_o the_o heir_n of_o the_o body_n of_o his_o father_n a_o copyhold_n be_v forfeit_a the_o first_o condition_n be_v perform_v the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n in_o that_o county_n upon_o view_n survey_v and_o by_o their_o discretion_n decree_v a_o new_a bank_n where_o none_o be_v before_o to_o resist_v the_o sea_n and_o a_o new_a river_n to_o be_v cut_v to_o drain_v the_o superfluous_a water_n in_o s._n and_o a_o old_a sewer_n in_o d._n to_o be_v repair_v and_o by_o inquisition_n assess_v b._n the_o lessee_n for_o the_o manor_n the_o copyholder_n for_o the_o copyhold_n land_n and_o the_o town_n of_o s._n and_o also_o the_o parson_n there_o for_o his_o tithe_n because_o they_o lie_v all_o in_o the_o level_n the_o second_o condition_n be_v perform_v b._n enter_v in_o the_o copyhold_n my_o conclusion_n be_v that_o this_o new_a bank_n new_a river_n and_o old_a sewer_n be_v well_o decree_v but_o the_o say_v sesse_v be_v void_a in_o toto_fw-la &_o in_fw-la qualibet_fw-la parte_fw-la point_n at_o the_o common_a law_n the_o point_n of_o this_o case_n be_v three_o at_o the_o common_a law_n and_o three_o upon_o this_o statute_n but_o all_o of_o they_o be_v so_o weave_v within_o another_o that_o every_o one_o of_o they_o go_v hand_n in_o hand_n from_o the_o begin_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o case_n imprimis_fw-la whether_o the_o duplicate_v condition_n be_v good_a or_o not_o second_o what_o estate_n b._n the_o young_a son_n have_v by_o the_o first_o condition_n and_o what_o estate_n he_o have_v get_v by_o the_o second_o three_o a_o copyhold_n become_v forfeit_a to_o the_o lord_n and_o before_o the_o lord_n take_v advantage_n of_o it_o his_o estate_n be_v change_v whether_o by_o the_o change_n of_o his_o estate_n the_o benefit_n of_o the_o forfeiture_n be_v lose_v or_o not_o point_n upon_o the_o statute_n imprimis_fw-la whether_o commissioner_n have_v power_n to_o decree_v a_o new_a bank_n a_o new_a drain_v and_o other_o new_a defence_n or_o not_o and_o herein_o the_o quality_n and_o property_n of_o river_n stream_n and_o bank_n and_o their_o dependent_n be_v to_o be_v treat_v of_o second_o whether_o they_o may_v decree_v the_o say_v new_a defence_n by_o view_n and_o survey_v and_o herein_o be_v to_o be_v handle_v what_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n may_v do_v by_o survey_n and_o what_o they_o may_v do_v by_o their_o discretion_n and_o what_o they_o may_v do_v by_o jury_n three_o in_o what_o case_n assess_v and_o tax_n may_v be_v lay_v and_o impose_v and_o on_o what_o thing_n and_o in_o what_o manner_n they_o be_v to_o be_v impose_v and_o whether_o the_o rate_n set_v upon_o the_o person_n in_o any_o case_n be_v well_o do_v or_o not_o and_o where_o the_o fault_n be_v if_o any_o be_v argumentum_fw-la lectoris_fw-la see_v it_o have_v be_v the_o ancient_a order_n for_o the_o reader_n of_o this_o place_n to_o maintain_v the_o conclusion_n of_o his_o case_n i_o shall_v therefore_o endeavour_v myself_o to_o perform_v that_o order_n which_o custom_n have_v impose_v upon_o i_o and_z according_o as_o i_o have_v conclude_v so_o i_o take_v the_o law_n to_o be_v and_o touch_v the_o first_o point_n it_o have_v be_v challenge_v and_o draw_v in_o question_n upon_o some_o opinion_n deliver_v in_o the_o rector_n of_o cheddingtons_n case_n in_o sir_n edward_n cook_n first_o report_n where_o it_o say_v that_o one_o contingent_a can_v depend_v upon_o another_o report_n sir_n ed._n cook_n 1_o report_n but_o more_o strict_o it_o be_v call_v to_o a_o account_n in_o the_o lord_n staffords_n case_n in_o sir_n edward_n cook_n eight_o report_n for_o there_o it_o be_v 8._o cook_n rep._n 8._o hold_v that_o one_o possibility_n can_v depend_v upon_o another_o possibility_n and_o this_o case_n be_v there_o put_v that_o if_o a._n let_v land_n to_o b._n for_o year_n upon_o condition_n to_o have_v it_o for_o life_n and_o upon_o condition_n to_o have_v fee_n that_o the_o fee_fw-mi simple_a can_v never_o increase_v by_o the_o second_o condition_n but_o as_o he_o say_v in_o another_o case_n amicus_fw-la plato_n amicus_fw-la socrates_n sed_fw-la magis_fw-la amica_fw-la veritas_fw-la his_o rule_n take_v in_o the_o first_o case_n be_v very_o general_a and_o the_o lord_n staffords_n case_n admit_v distinction_n which_o in_o my_o argument_n i_o shall_v apply_v myself_o unto_o and_o some_o difference_n i_o shall_v take_v in_o this_o point_n in_o question_n therefore_o i_o shall_v thus_o distinguish_v that_o if_o upon_o performance_n of_o the_o first_o condition_n the_o original_a estate_n be_v determine_v upon_o which_o both_o the_o first_o and_o second_o condition_n be_v build_v and_o ground_v the_o second_o condition_n and_o increase_n thereupon_o be_v utter_o void_a but_o if_o the_o first_o estate_n be_v not_o destroy_v nor_o confound_v upon_o the_o first_o condition_n perform_v the_o second_o condition_n and_o estate_n thereof_o which_o shall_v be_v get_v thereby_o may_v then_o well_o grow_v upon_o the_o old_a stock_n to_o explain_v this_o by_o example_n if_o a._n give_v land_n to_o b._n in_o fee_n simple_a upon_o condition_n to_o have_v the_o land_n in_o tail_n upon_o condition_n to_o have_v for_o life_n here_o because_o the_o first_o estate_n and_o livery_n by_o the_o first_o condition_n be_v not_o destroy_v therefore_o the_o second_o condition_n shall_v well_o stand_v in_o force_n so_o i_o do_v make_v a_o lease_n to_o a._n for_o twenty_o year_n upon_o condition_n to_o have_v the_o land_n for_o forty_o year_n upon_o condition_n to_o have_v fee_n this_o first_o condition_n and_o second_o condition_n may_v have_v both_o their_o full_a operation_n for_o by_o the_o performance_n of_o the_o first_o condition_n the_o lease_n of_o twenty_o year_n be_v not_o destroy_v but_o stand_v on_o foot_n and_o therefore_o the_o original_a estate_n remain_v unconfound_v the_o fee_n simple_a may_v well_o increase_v by_o the_o performance_n of_o the_o second_o condition_n but_o if_o a_o lease_n be_v make_v to_o a._n for_o his_o life_n upon_o condition_n to_o have_v in_o tail_n upon_o condition_n to_o have_v fee_n the_o second_o condition_n here_o be_v utter_o void_a because_o by_o the_o performance_n of_o the_o first_o condition_n a._n have_v a_o estate_n in_o tail_n which_o drown_v and_o destroy_v his_o estate_n for_o life_n and_o so_o because_o every_o decrease_a and_o increase_a estate_n be_v to_o depend_v upon_o the_o first_o estate_n which_o receive_v the_o livery_n which_o be_v the_o life_n of_o all_o therefore_o the_o second_o estate_n can_v never_o accrue_v in_o this_o case_n and_o this_o be_v true_a reason_n as_o i_o take_v it_o of_o the_o say_a case_n put_v in_o the_o lord_n staffords_n case_n for_o there_o the_o case_n for_o year_n be_v destroy_v by_o the_o lease_n for_o life_n which_o come_v by_o the_o first_o case_n lord_z staffords_z case_n condition_n and_o so_o the_o fee_fw-mi simple_a there_o can_v never_o accrue_v by_o the_o second_o condition_n and_o in_o answer_n to_o the_o say_v general_a ground_n take_v in_o the_o rector_n of_o cheddingtons_n case_n that_o one_o case_n rector_n de_fw-fr cheddingtons_n case_n contingent_a or_o possibility_n can_v depend_v upon_o another_o under_o favour_n i_o take_v it_o not_o that_o i_o be_o bind_v thereby_o neither_o be_v it_o the_o meaning_n of_o sir_n edward_n cook_n as_o i_o take_v it_o to_o extend_v the_o same_o so_o large_o as_o they_o be_v there_o put_v because_o i_o find_v many_o authority_n of_o great_a account_n which_o be_v against_o the_o say_a general_a position_n and_o first_o in_o the_o 38_o h._n 8._o br._n feoffment_n pl._n 71._o a_o feoffment_n s._n 38_o h._n s._n be_v make_v to_o the_o use_n of_o a._n and_o his_o heir_n until_o i._o s._n pay_v he_o ten_o pound_n and_o then_o to_o i._o s._n and_o his_o heir_n and_o so_o to_o the_o three_o person_n and_o what_o be_v this_o but_o one_o condition_n contingent_a and_o possibility_n to_o depend_v upon_o another_o for_o these_o contingent_n there_o be_v hold_v good_a and_o be_v build_v upon_o a_o sure_a foundation_n and_o so_o in_o dig_v case_n in_o sir_n edward_n cook_n report_v where_o a_o feoffment_n be_v make_v to_o the_o use_n of_o a._n and_o his_o heir_n with_o case_n dig_v case_n power_n of_o revocation_n and_o after_o of_o new_a limitation_n of_o estate_n these_o be_v also_o contingent_n and_o possibility_n
depend_v upon_o other_o and_o many_o such_o double_a contingent_n may_v be_v put_v the_o case_n of_o sir_n edward_n cook_n put_v in_o the_o end_n of_o the_o rector_n of_o cheddingtons_n case_n out_o of_o 12_o lib._n ass_n pl._n 5._o in_o my_o assize_n 12_o lib._n assize_n opinion_n do_v not_o disallow_v the_o second_o condition_n for_o there_o the_o case_n be_v that_o a._n lease_v to_o b._n upon_o condition_n that_o if_o a._n or_o his_o heir_n pay_v to_o b._n ten_o pound_n within_o a_o certain_a day_n that_o they_o may_v re-enter_v and_o if_o a._n nor_o his_o heir_n shall_v not_o pay_v the_o ten_o pound_n within_o the_o time_n then_o if_o b._n pay_v to_o a._n ten_o pound_n at_o another_o day_n that_o he_o shall_v have_v fee_n both_o a._n and_o b._n fail_v in_o payment_n and_o a._n enter_v and_o be_v put_v out_o bring_v a_o assize_n and_o nihil_fw-la caepit_fw-la per_fw-la breve_fw-la this_o do_v not_o prove_v that_o one_o condition_n can_v depend_v upon_o another_o neither_o can_v i_o see_v well_o what_o exposition_n to_o make_v of_o so_o uncertain_a a_o case_n so_o that_o i_o take_v this_o case_n to_o be_v no_o evidence_n against_o i_o but_o in_o the_o 14_o h._n 8._o fol._n 15._o there_o be_v a_o case_n which_o in_o my_o 15._o 14_o h._n 8._o fol._n 15._o opinion_n make_v more_o against_o my_o double_a condition_n then_o any_o other_o which_o be_v put_v by_o brudnel_n chief_a justice_n that_o be_v if_o a._n be_v bind_v in_o a_o obligation_n to_o b._n upon_o condition_n to_o infeoff_v i._o s._n before_o easter_n ensue_v than_o the_o obligation_n to_o be_v void_a and_o if_o he_o do_v not_o infeoff_v he_o then_o to_o pay_v ten_o pound_n at_o pentecost_n than_o the_o obligation_n to_o be_v void_a the_o feoffment_n be_v not_o make_v before_o easter_n therefore_o brudnel_n hold_v the_o obligation_n be_v forfeit_v and_o that_o the_o second_o condition_n be_v not_o good_a but_o there_o be_v a_o quaere_fw-la set_v upon_o that_o case_n and_o so_o it_o may_v well_o be_v for_o i_o see_v it_o common_o do_v that_o if_o a_o defesan_n be_v make_v of_o a_o statute_n which_o be_v break_v and_o so_o the_o statute_n become_v forfeit_a yet_o a_o new_a defesan_n may_v defeat_v it_o and_o so_o in_o my_o opinion_n may_v the_o second_o condition_n in_o this_o case_n avoid_v the_o obligation_n if_o the_o first_o conclusion_n have_v not_o be_v in_o the_o case_n i_o shall_v add_v this_o case_n also_o as_o a_o conceit_n that_o be_v a._n infeoff_n b._n upon_o condition_n if_o a._n go_v to_o lincoln_n he_o shall_v have_v the_o conceit_n a_o conceit_n land_n to_o he_o and_o the_o heir_n of_o his_o body_n and_o if_o he_o go_v to_o boston_n he_o shall_v have_v it_o for_o ten_o year_n and_o he_o go_v first_o to_o boston_n i_o do_v here_o hold_v these_o condition_n be_v put_v promiscuous_o without_o distinction_n of_o the_o time_n of_o the_o condition_n which_o shall_v be_v first_o perform_v and_o which_o the_o second_o that_o the_o fee_n be_v decrease_v into_o a_o estate_n for_o year_n and_o can_v never_o increase_v into_o a_o estate_n in_o tail_n by_o perform_v of_o the_o second_o condition_n because_o the_o livery_n out_o of_o which_o it_o shall_v grow_v be_v quite_o destroy_v by_o the_o first_o decreaser_n so_o that_o my_o intent_n point_n sâ—â—ond_a point_n appear_v that_o one_o condition_n may_v depend_v upon_o another_o upon_o the_o say_a distinction_n but_o whether_o by_o the_o performance_n of_o the_o first_o condition_n in_o my_o case_n there_o will_v a_o estate_n come_v to_o b._n or_o not_o i_o mean_v it_o for_o a_o question_n for_o b._n have_v before_o a_o estate_n for_o his_o own_o life_n then_o be_v it_o not_o possible_a that_o his_o estate_n can_v hereby_o be_v increase_v by_o have_v the_o land_n also_o for_o the_o life_n of_o c._n if_o it_o be_v admit_v argumenti_fw-la gratia_fw-la that_o b._n shall_v or_o may_v have_v both_o these_o estate_n stand_v in_o he_o both_o at_o one_o time_n for_o if_o c._n die_v first_o then_o be_v b._n never_o like_v to_o have_v any_o benefit_n thereof_o and_o if_o b._n himself_o shall_v die_v before_o c._n then_o also_o be_v it_o impossible_a for_o b._n to_o make_v any_o use_n of_o this_o estate_n for_o the_o life_n of_o c._n unless_o it_o be_v in_o he_o to_o grant_v away_o to_o another_o as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o office_n in_o the_o 1_o h._n 7._o where_o a_o office_n case_n 1_o h._n 7._o 29._o crofts_n case_n be_v grant_v to_o the_o king_n the_o king_n can_v not_o have_v the_o office_n himself_o and_o so_o in_o that_o point_n for_o the_o king_n to_o take_v by_o the_o grant_n he_o can_v not_o yet_o by_o that_o book_n it_o be_v in_o he_o to_o grant_v over_o to_o another_o which_o may_v have_v it_o and_o like_v to_o this_o be_v the_o case_n where_o i._o s._n be_v parson_n of_o the_o church_n of_o dale_n and_o the_o patron_n grant_v the_o next_o avoidance_n this_o grant_n can_v he_o himself_o take_v no_o benefit_n by_o unless_o he_o resign_v yet_o if_o he_o die_v it_o shall_v come_v to_o his_o executor_n but_o i_o take_v the_o law_n to_o be_v in_o my_o case_n that_o b._n shall_v not_o by_o the_o first_o condition_n have_v both_o the_o estate_n in_o he_o at_o once_o that_o be_v for_o his_o own_o life_n and_o after_o for_o the_o life_n of_o c._n but_o that_o the_o estate_n of_o b._n by_o the_o first_o condition_n shall_v be_v decrease_v or_o change_v from_o his_o own_o life_n into_o the_o life_n of_o c._n and_o shall_v be_v melt_v and_o new_o mould_v by_o this_o condition_n for_o a_o estate_n may_v as_o well_o decrease_v as_o increase_v by_o a_o condition_n and_o yet_o the_o lord_n staffords_n principal_a case_n be_v that_o queen_n elizabeth_n do_v grant_v the_o manor_n to_o tindal_n and_o the_o heir_n of_o his_o body_n upon_o condition_n upon_o payment_n of_o twenty_o shilling_n to_o she_o by_o tindal_n that_o he_o shall_v have_v the_o reversion_n to_o he_o and_o his_o heir_n and_o there_o it_o be_v hold_v for_o law_n that_o by_o the_o payment_n of_o twenty_o shilling_n the_o reversion_n in_o fee_n simple_a shall_v increase_v to_o tindal_n and_o shall_v not_o alter_v or_o drown_v the_o estate_n tail_n which_o be_v a_o excellent_a case_n but_o alter_v the_o put_n of_o that_o case_n and_o then_o it_o may_v alter_v the_o law_n also_o that_o be_v i_o give_v land_n to_o i._n s._n and_o the_o heir_n of_o his_o body_n upon_o condition_n conceit_n a_o conceit_n if_o he_o pay_v i_o twenty_o shilling_n that_o he_o shall_v have_v the_o say_v land_n to_o he_o and_o his_o heir_n in_o my_o conceit_n by_o the_o performance_n of_o this_o condition_n the_o estate_n tail_n be_v by_o increase_n change_v into_o a_o fee_n simple_a in_o which_o note_v the_o difference_n between_o tindals_n case_n and_o this_o where_o upon_o payment_n of_o 20._o s._n the_o reversion_n be_v grant_v to_o he_o and_o his_o heir_n and_o where_o the_o word_n be_v that_o upon_o payment_n of_o twenty_o shilling_n he_o shall_v have_v the_o land_n to_o he_o and_o his_o heir_n in_o the_o first_o case_n the_o fee-simple_n accrue_v shall_v not_o alter_v the_o estate_n tail_n but_o in_o the_o second_o case_n by_o the_o fee_n increase_v the_o estate_n tail_n be_v determine_v and_o change_v into_o a_o fee_n simple_a quod_fw-la quaere_fw-la admit_v the_o first_o condition_n do_v increase_v the_o estate_n of_o b._n from_o his_o own_o life_n to_o the_o life_n of_o c._n and_o the_o second_o condition_n be_v perform_v by_o the_o which_o another_o estate_n will_v accrue_v to_o b._n as_o i_o take_v it_o will_v because_o a_o estate_n decrease_v be_v parcel_n of_o the_o first_o estate_n then_o what_o estate_n b._n have_v get_v by_o this_o new_a limitation_n be_v the_o question_n and_o in_o my_o opinion_n he_o have_v at_o the_o most_o but_o get_v a_o estate_n again_o for_o his_o own_o life_n and_o that_o the_o limitation_n to_o the_o heir_n of_o the_o body_n of_o his_o father_n be_v utter_o void_a be_v his_o father_n dead_a or_o alive_a for_o if_o his_o father_n be_v dead_a his_o elder_a brother_n be_v the_o heir_n of_o his_o body_n within_o these_o word_n of_o limitation_n who_o can_v take_v the_o land_n by_o descent_n tail_n littleton_n estate_n tail_n from_o b._n his_o brother_n or_o from_o his_o father_n but_o as_o the_o case_n be_v put_v in_o littleton_n title_n tail_n and_o in_o the_o 4_o and_o 5_o ma._n in_o dier_n ereswould_v dier_n 4_o &_o 5_o ma._n dier_n case_n where_o land_n be_v give_v to_o the_o elder_a son_n and_o the_o heir_n of_o the_o body_n of_o his_o father_n this_o be_v a_o good_a estate_n in_o tail_n be_v make_v to_o the_o elder_a son_n because_o he_o be_v capable_a to_o take_v the_o land_n in_o
and_o discretion_n the_o word_n of_o this_o commission_n upon_o which_o i_o frame_v this_o part_n of_o the_o case_n be_v these_o videlicet_fw-la we_o have_v assign_v you_o theophilus_n earl_n of_o lincoln_n robert_z lord_z willoughby_z of_o earsbie_n sir_n george_n manner_n knight_n sir_n philip_z tyrwhit_o and_o sir_n john_n wray_n knight_n and_o baronet_n sir_n william_n pelham_n sir_n john_n read_v sir_n edward_n ascough_n sir_n hamond_n knight_n anthony_n erby_n esq_n quor_n '_o the_o say_a earl_n lord_n and_o sir_n george_n manner_n we_o will_v to_o be_v three_o to_o survey_v the_o wall_n bank_n drain_v sewer_n etc._n etc._n and_o the_o same_o to_o cause_n to_o be_v repair_v amend_v or_o put_v down_o as_o cause_n shall_v require_v after_o your_o wisdom_n and_o discretion_n and_o to_o do_v after_o our_o statute_n as_o also_o to_o inquire_v by_o the_o oath_n of_o lawful_a and_o honest_a man_n of_o those_o place_n where_o such_o default_n be_v by_o the_o tenor_n of_o which_o word_n i_o conceive_v that_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n have_v power_n by_o their_o commission_n to_o proceed_v three_o manner_n of_o way_n viz._n first_o by_o survey_n 2._o by_o jury_n 3._o by_o discretion_n wherein_o it_o behove_v commissioner_n of_o sewer_n to_o know_v perfect_o how_o to_o use_v and_o dispose_v of_o their_o power_n with_o due_a understanding_n of_o these_o part_n of_o this_o commission_n and_o law_n and_o the_o better_a to_o prepare_v they_o herein_o i_o shall_v take_v some_o pain_n to_o declare_v unto_o they_o what_o they_o may_v do_v by_o survey_n without_o a_o jury_n and_o what_o by_o jury_n and_o what_o by_o their_o discretion_n without_o both_o survey_n and_o jury_n view_n and_o survey_n view_n be_v the_o primary_n part_n of_o survey_n and_o survey_n be_v much_o but_o not_o altogether_o direct_v by_o view_n it_o be_v true_a that_o view_n be_v of_o great_a use_n in_o the_o common_a law_n and_o it_o be_v to_o be_v do_v and_o perform_v in_o person_n and_o such_o view_n be_v take_v in_o trial_n of_o assize_n yet_o by_o the_o 36_o hen._n 8._o in_o dyer_n fol._n 61._o case_n peningtons_n case_n a_o very_a personal_a view_n need_v not_o in_o a_o assize_n if_o upon_o examination_n of_o the_o juror_n it_o may_v appear_v that_o a_o competent_a number_n of_o they_o know_v the_o ground_n in_o question_n in_o such_o sort_n as_o they_o can_v put_v the_o party_n in_o possession_n if_o he_o recover_v but_o in_o a_o action_n of_o waste_n a_o express_a personal_a view_n be_v both_o require_v and_o requisite_a for_o the_o word_n of_o that_o writ_n direct_v the_o sheriff_n accedere_fw-la ad_fw-la locum_fw-la vastatum_fw-la in_o a_o word_n there_o be_v a_o diversity_n between_o a_o view_n and_o a_o survey_n for_o by_o the_o view_n one_o be_v to_o take_v notice_n only_o by_o the_o eye_n but_o to_o survey_v be_v not_o only_o to_o take_v notice_n of_o a_o thing_n by_o the_o eye_n but_o also_o by_o use_v other_o ceremony_n and_o circumstance_n as_o the_o hand_n to_o measure_v and_o the_o foot_n to_o pace_v the_o distance_n and_o the_o commissioner_n surveyor_n have_v power_n to_o take_v information_n by_o examination_n of_o other_o and_o although_o judge_v fitz._n in_o 27_o h._n 8._o fol._n 27._o hold_n a_o surveyor_n of_o very_o small_a esteem_n in_o his_o power_n and_o authority_n that_o be_v that_o he_o may_v hear_v see_v and_o say_v nothing_o oy_a voier_n &_o rien_fw-fr dier_z yet_o under_o the_o favour_n of_o that_o book_n i_o take_v a_o surveyor_n to_o be_v of_o more_o esteem_n and_o authority_n for_o by_o a_o old_a statute_n make_v in_o 4_o edw._n 1._o rastal_a surveyor_n first_o he_o be_v there_o describe_v to_o be_v a_o man_n which_o be_v to_o view_v the_o work_n and_o to_o make_v inquity_n 1._o 4_o ed._n 1._o and_o to_o set_v down_o which_o be_v copyhold_n which_o be_v freehold_n etc._n etc._n whereby_o it_o appear_v that_o a_o surveyor_n be_v a_o actor_n and_o not_o a_o looker_n on_o as_o mr._n fitzherbert_n will_v have_v he_o so_o by_o these_o description_n the_o commissioner_n may_v inform_v themselves_o what_o be_v mean_v by_o the_o word_n survey_v put_v in_o the_o statute_n and_o many_o of_o our_o statute_n take_v notice_n of_o such_o a_o officer_n as_o a_o surveyor_n for_o in_o the_o statute_n of_o bridge_n and_o highway_n there_o be_v such_o officer_n appoint_v and_o in_o the_o statute_n make_v for_o the_o erection_n of_o the_o court_n of_o ward_n and_o livery_n there_o be_v a_o grave_a officer_n appoint_v who_o be_v call_v the_o surveyor_n general_a of_o that_o court_n and_o he_o be_v a_o judge_n in_o matter_n there_o handle_v and_o there_o be_v also_o a_o officer_n in_o this_o statute_n of_o sewer_n call_v a_o surveyor_n who_o have_v no_o judicial_a power_n but_o be_v mere_o a_o officer_n what_o thing_n officer_n of_o sewer_n may_v do_v by_o survey_n only_o every_o thing_n which_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n be_v to_o do_v must_v be_v by_o true_a understanding_n of_o their_o authority_n and_o this_o must_v be_v so_o do_v that_o they_o make_v such_o distinction_n difference_n and_o application_n as_o may_v stand_v with_o knowledge_n skill_n and_o learning_n or_o otherwise_o their_o proceed_n will_v prove_v irregular_a and_o therefore_o it_o be_v not_o only_o meet_v to_o describe_v the_o officer_n surveyor_n as_o former_o i_o have_v do_v but_o also_o his_o office_n which_o i_o now_o mean_a to_o do_v first_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n may_v view_v the_o defence_n and_o thereby_o may_v inform_v themselves_o which_o stand_v in_o need_n of_o repair_v and_o amend_v and_o which_o not_o and_o wherein_o the_o default_n and_o defect_n appear_v to_o be_v and_o what_o they_o be_v second_o they_o may_v by_o survey_n take_v notice_n and_o knowledge_n by_o conference_n with_o carpenter_n mason_n smith_n and_o other_o officer_n what_o thing_n be_v fit_v to_o be_v provide_v for_o effect_v the_o work_n and_o what_o sum_n of_o money_n will_v be_v spend_v for_o the_o finish_n thereof_o three_o the_o commissioner_n may_v by_o view_n and_o survey_v take_v knowledge_n of_o the_o let_n impediment_n and_o annoyance_n in_o the_o bank_n wall_n rivers_n stream_n gutter_n sewer_n and_o of_o the_o height_n and_o lowness_n of_o the_o say_a bank_n and_o wall_n and_o may_v thereby_o discover_v and_o find_v out_o the_o want_n imperfection_n weakness_n and_o strength_n of_o they_o and_o so_o may_v cause_v the_o let_n and_o impediment_n to_o be_v remove_v and_o the_o want_v to_o be_v supply_v and_o the_o weak_a place_n strengthen_v as_o cause_n shall_v require_v four_o also_o by_o survey_n only_o they_o may_v sufficient_o inform_v themselves_o of_o the_o encroachment_n and_o of_o the_o straitness_n depth_n wideness_n and_o shallowness_n of_o the_o river_n stream_n gutter_n and_o sewer_n and_o may_v view_v the_o defect_n in_o these_o kind_n these_o thing_n i_o have_v produce_v as_o proper_a to_o be_v perform_v by_o view_n and_o survey_v of_o the_o commissioner_n and_o now_o i_o shall_v proceed_v to_o the_o rest_n thing_n to_o be_v do_v by_o a_o jury._n first_o what_o person_n or_o person_n do_v erect_v and_o set_v up_o any_o let_v and_o impediment_n as_o a_o floodgate_n mill-dam_n or_o such_o like_a must_v be_v find_v by_o jury_n for_o here_o the_o word_n of_o the_o statute_n be_v to_o be_v observe_v which_o be_v these_o and_o also_o to_o inquire_v by_o the_o oath_n of_o good_a and_o lawful_a man_n of_o the_o say_a shire_n or_o shire_n place_n or_o place_n where_o such_o default_n or_o annoyance_n be_v as_o well_o within_o liberty_n as_o without_o by_o who_o the_o truth_n may_v rather_o be_v know_v through_o who_o default_n the_o say_a hurt_n and_o damage_n have_v happen_v or_o who_o have_v or_o hold_v any_o land_n or_o tenement_n or_o common_a of_o pasture_n or_o profit_n of_o fish_v or_o have_v or_o may_v have_v any_o hurt_n loss_n or_o disadvantage_n by_o any_o manner_n of_o mean_n in_o the_o say_a place_n as_o well_o near_o to_o the_o say_a danger_n let_n or_o impediment_n as_o inhabit_v or_o dwell_v thereabouts_o by_o the_o say_a wall_n ditch_n etc._n etc._n so_o that_o the_o first_o article_n be_v full_a within_o the_o word_n of_o this_o statute_n and_o therefore_o it_o must_v be_v do_v by_o jury_n and_o no_o other_o accusation_n be_v of_o sufficient_a strength_n in_o the_o law_n to_o put_v a_o man_n to_o his_o answer_n and_o herein_o the_o maker_n of_o these_o law_n do_v sage_o for_o how_o shall_v commissioner_n of_o sewer_n take_v notice_n by_o view_n or_o survey_v of_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v do_v or_o commit_v in_o their_o absence_n second_o if_o any_o wall_n bank_n river_n sewer_n or_o other_o defence_n be_v defective_a by_o neglect_n or_o sufferance_n of_o such_o as_o shall_v repair_v the_o same_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n be_v to_o inquire_v by_o
jury_n in_o who_o default_n the_o same_o happen_v three_o the_o commissioner_n be_v to_o inquire_v what_o person_n or_o person_n ought_v or_o be_v bind_v by_o custom_n prescription_n tenure_n covenant_n or_o otherwise_o or_o for_o or_o by_o reason_n of_o what_o land_n or_o ground_n he_o or_o they_o be_v tie_v or_o bind_v to_o do_v the_o repair_v and_o where_o those_o ground_n do_v lie_v and_o who_o be_v the_o owner_n thereof_o four_o also_o it_o must_v be_v inquire_v by_o jury_n what_o ground_n lie_v within_o the_o hurt_n or_o danger_n of_o water_n either_o within_o the_o surrounder_n by_o the_o sea_n or_o the_o inundation_n of_o the_o fresh_a water_n and_o to_o who_o they_o do_v belong_v five_o and_o if_o a_o new_a sluice_n goat_n or_o other_o defence_n be_v to_o be_v erect_v build_v and_o make_v or_o a_o new_a sewer_n gutter_n or_o trench_n to_o be_v cast_v this_o may_v be_v determine_v of_o by_o the_o view_n and_o survey_v of_o the_o commissioner_n and_o so_o may_v the_o aptness_n of_o the_o place_n where_o they_o be_v to_o be_v set_v or_o cast_v and_o the_o length_n height_n breadth_n and_o depth_n of_o they_o for_o these_o thing_n be_v proper_a for_o a_o view_n and_o survey_v but_o what_o person_n hold_v land_n and_o tenement_n within_o the_o level_n which_o be_v fit_a to_o be_v chargeable_a thereunto_o and_o the_o quantity_n of_o their_o land_n be_v to_o be_v inquire_v of_o by_o jury_n and_o these_o few_o cause_n i_o have_v put_v for_o example_n sake_n and_o if_o any_o other_o fall_v out_o within_o the_o like_a reason_n than_o they_o be_v to_o receive_v the_o same_o construction_n six_o in_o every_o case_n where_o a_o amerciament_n be_v to_o be_v impose_v it_o must_v be_v by_o presentment_n of_o good_a and_o lawful_a man_n upon_o their_o oath_n et_fw-la hoc_fw-la per_fw-la statutum_fw-la de_fw-la magna_fw-la charta_fw-la cap._n 14._o nulla_fw-la miserecord_n '_o ponatur_fw-la nisi_fw-la per_fw-la sacramentum_fw-la proborum_fw-la &_o legalium_fw-la hominum_fw-la de_fw-la viceneto_fw-la etc._n etc._n surveyor_n presentment_n but_o it_o have_v be_v use_v that_o surveyor_n of_o the_o sewer_n have_v make_v presentment_n of_o default_n of_o thing_n govern_v by_o these_o law_n but_o whether_o such_o a_o presentment_n be_v bind_v or_o not_o be_v a_o good_a point_n it_o be_v clear_a in_o my_o opinion_n that_o they_o can_v make_v no_o presentment_n but_o such_o as_o happen_v within_o their_o view_n and_o survey_v and_o what_o those_o thing_n be_v they_o former_o appear_v they_o can_v present_v that_o i._o s._n be_v bind_v by_o prescription_n custom_n covenant_n or_o otherwise_o to_o repair_v such_o a_o wall_n bank_n or_o sewer_n for_o this_o be_v not_o within_o their_o office_n in_o kelloways_n report_n fol._n 141._o there_o be_v a_o custom_n allege_v that_o 141._o kelloways_n rep._n fol._n 141._o two_o man_n within_o the_o provost_n may_v present_v the_o article_n of_o the_o leet_n but_o i_o doubt_v of_o such_o presentment_n though_o it_o have_v a_o custom_n to_o strengthen_v it_o i_o take_v this_o difference_n that_o a_o original_a presentment_n surveyor_n can_v make_v as_o to_o present_v i._o s._n that_o by_o the_o tenure_n of_o his_o land_n he_o ought_v to_o repair_v such_o a_o bridge_n wall_n bank_n or_o other_o defence_n but_o the_o surveyor_n may_v make_v a_o supplemental_a presentment_n as_o for_o example_n if_o it_o have_v be_v present_v before_o by_o a_o jury_n that_o i._o s._n ought_v to_o have_v repair_v such_o a_o ditch_n and_o have_v not_o do_v the_o same_o and_o day_n be_v give_v he_o by_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n to_o do_v the_o same_o if_o the_o same_o be_v not_o repair_v at_o the_o day_n the_o surveyor_n may_v present_v in_o this_o case_n the_o not_o repair_v because_o this_o be_v but_o a_o oath_n of_o assistance_n ad_fw-la informandum_fw-la conscientiam_fw-la judicis_fw-la for_o the_o amerciament_n shall_v be_v impose_v by_o the_o force_n of_o the_o say_v former_a presentment_n and_o this_o latter_a presentment_n by_o the_o surveyor_n be_v only_o to_o give_v the_o justice_n notice_n of_o the_o party_n far_a neglect_n to_o the_o end_n they_o may_v impose_v the_o great_a amerciament_n and_o a_o presentment_n by_o surveyor_n be_v not_o traversable_a be_v of_o so_o small_a esteem_n in_o law_n as_o our_o law_n will_v not_o vouchsafe_v to_o take_v a_o issue_n upon_o it_o for_o their_o act_n herein_o be_v not_o in_o the_o ordinary_a legal_a form_n what_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n may_v do_v by_o discretion_n discretion_n be_v the_o herb_n of_o grace_n that_o i_o can_v wish_v every_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n well_o store_v withal_o for_o the_o maker_n of_o this_o statute_n have_v a_o intention_n to_o make_v it_o of_o great_a use_n be_v literal_o nominate_v nine_o or_o ten_o time_n in_o this_o law_n &_o for_o this_o cause_n i_o have_v insert_v in_o my_o case_n but_o note_n that_o the_o word_n wisdom_n be_v couple_v with_o it_o and_o the_o word_n good_a be_v annex_v to_o they_o both_o as_o best_o show_v of_o what_o pure_a metal_n they_o shall_v be_v make_v of_o after_o your_o good_a wisdom_n and_o discretion_n there_o be_v three_o several_a degree_n of_o discretion_n discretio_fw-la generalis_fw-la discretio_fw-la legalis_fw-la discretio_fw-la specialis_fw-la discretio_fw-la generalis_fw-la be_v require_v of_o every_o one_o in_o every_o thing_n that_o he_o be_v to_o do_v or_o attempt_v legalis_fw-la discretio_fw-la be_v that_o which_o sir_n edward_n cook_n mean_v and_o set_v forth_o in_o rook_n and_o keighly_n case_n hoc_fw-la est_fw-la scire_fw-la pro_fw-la legem_fw-la quod_fw-la sit_fw-la justum_fw-la and_o this_o be_v mere_o to_o administer_v justice_n according_a to_o the_o prescribe_a rule_n of_o the_o law_n and_o herein_o be_v this_o discretion_n limit_v that_o it_o go_v not_o beyond_o or_o beside_o those_o law_n which_o be_v to_o be_v execute_v and_o this_o discretion_n be_v to_o be_v govern_v by_o the_o law_n for_o cicero_n say_v sapientis_fw-la est_fw-la judicis_fw-la cogitare_fw-la tantum_fw-la sibi_fw-la esse_fw-la permissum_fw-la quantum_fw-la cicero_n cicero_n sit_fw-la commissum_fw-la aut_fw-la creditum_fw-la the_o three_o discretion_n be_v where_o the_o law_n have_v give_v no_o certain_a rule_n to_o be_v direct_v by_o in_o a_o case_n within_o the_o power_n of_o this_o commission_n there_o the_o commissioner_n be_v to_o order_v these_o affair_n with_o such_o wisdom_n and_o judgement_n that_o although_o their_o censure_n be_v not_o frame_v in_o a_o rule_n of_o law_n yet_o they_o be_v to_o do_v therein_o secundum_fw-la aequum_fw-la &_o bonum_fw-la and_o herein_o discretion_n be_v the_o absolute_a judge_n of_o the_o cause_n and_o give_v the_o rule_n but_o in_o the_o case_n of_o legal_a discretion_n there_o discretion_n be_v but_o a_o servant_n and_o be_v tie_v to_o attend_v upon_o the_o law_n and_o there_o the_o law_n direct_v the_o censure_n and_o discretion_n be_v but_o to_o do_v the_o same_o wise_o &_o temporal_o for_o ipsae_fw-la etenim_fw-la leges_fw-la cupiunt_fw-la ut_fw-la jure_fw-la regantur_fw-la sir_n ed._n cook_n in_o book_n case_n 5_o report_n give_v this_o rule_n to_o the_o cato_n cato_n commissioner_n that_o although_o the_o word_n of_o the_o commission_n be_v that_o they_o shall_v do_v according_a to_o their_o discretion_n yet_o their_o proceed_n ought_v to_o be_v limit_v and_o bound_v within_o the_o rule_n of_o law_n and_o reason_n for_o that_o discretion_n be_v a_o science_n to_o discern_v betwixt_o falsity_n and_o truth_n between_o right_a and_o wrong_n between_o shadow_n and_o substance_n betwixt_o equity_n and_o colourable_a gloss_n and_o the_o commissioner_n ought_v not_o to_o follow_v their_o will_n and_o private_a affection_n for_o that_o talis_fw-la discretio_fw-la discretionem_fw-la confundit_fw-la and_o therefore_o now_o i_o will_v declare_v in_o few_o word_n in_o what_o thing_n these_o commissioner_n be_v to_o be_v rule_v by_o good_a discretion_n first_o the_o quantity_n of_o fines_n be_v leave_v to_o the_o discretion_n of_o the_o commissioner_n item_n imprisonment_n of_o the_o body_n of_o the_o offender_n when_o they_o deserve_v and_o the_o time_n how_o long_o lie_v much_o in_o their_o discretion_n item_n it_o lie_v in_o their_o grave_a wisdom_n and_o discretion_n when_o and_o where_o to_o erect_v new_a wall_n bank_n and_o other_o defence_n and_o what_o sum_n of_o money_n to_o raise_v and_o levy_v therefore_o the_o election_n of_o officer_n lie_v in_o their_o discretion_n it_o lie_v many_o time_n in_o their_o discretion_n who_o to_o fine_a and_o who_o to_o imprison_v i_o take_v it_o this_o word_n discretion_n use_v in_o the_o statute_n give_v power_n to_o the_o commissioner_n to_o order_n business_n there_o arise_v in_o course_n of_o equity_n for_o hoc_fw-la nihil_fw-la aliud_fw-la est_fw-la but_o to_o proceed_v secundum_fw-la aequum_fw-la &_o bonum_fw-la i_o have_v put_v these_o few_o case_n as_o example_n to_o direct_v and_o instruct_v what_o may_v be_v do_v by_o
discretion_n omit_v many_o other_o because_o i_o have_v rather_o trust_v to_o the_o worst_a certain_a law_n then_o to_o give_v too_o much_o way_n to_o the_o uncertain_a discretion_n of_o the_o commissioner_n according_a to_o the_o old_a say_n quoad_fw-la fieri_fw-la possit_fw-la quà m_fw-la plurima_fw-la legibus_fw-la ipsis_fw-la definiantur_fw-la ret._n aristotle_n ret._n quam_fw-la paucissima_fw-la vero_fw-la judicis_fw-la arbitrio_fw-la relinquantur_fw-la and_o herein_o i_o suppose_v i_o have_v make_v good_a my_o word_n in_o this_o that_o i_o have_v prove_v by_o my_o argument_n that_o the_o say_v new_a bank_n and_o new_a river_n may_v well_o be_v decree_v by_o the_o view_n and_o survey_v of_o the_o commissioner_n and_o by_o their_o good_a discretion_n and_o so_o may_v the_o say_v old_a sewer_n be_v repair_v and_o therefore_o these_o be_v end_v i_o will_v now_o proceed_v to_o the_o handle_n of_o the_o rest_n remain_v my_o former_a labour_n have_v be_v to_o expound_v and_o declare_v what_o defence_n as_o well_o against_o the_o overflow_a of_o the_o sea_n as_o against_o the_o inundation_n of_o fresh_a water_n be_v and_o be_v to_o be_v maintain_v and_o also_o new_o erect_v by_o the_o tenor_n and_o power_n of_o these_o law_n so_o that_o now_o it_o come_v very_o apt_o to_o be_v handle_v for_o what_o cause_n consideration_n and_o matter_n one_o shall_v or_o may_v be_v tie_v to_o the_o repair_n and_o keep_v thereof_o which_o i_o take_v to_o be_v these_o nine_o several_a way_n 1._o by_o frontage_n 2._o by_o ownership_n 3._o by_o prescription_n 4._o by_o custom_n 5._o by_o tenure_n 6._o by_o covenant_n 7._o per_fw-la usum_fw-la rei_fw-la 8._o a_o township_n 9_o by_o these_o law_n of_o sewer_n i_o suppose_v i_o shall_v produce_v sufficient_a warrant_n and_o authority_n for_o to_o maintain_v all_o these_o distinction_n wherein_o i_o be_o desirous_a that_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n for_o who_o learning_n and_o instruction_n i_o have_v take_v these_o pain_n will_v apply_v themselves_o to_o do_v their_o duty_n and_o service_n herein_o careful_o and_o advise_o and_o like_a to_o skilful_a physician_n will_v apply_v fit_v medicine_n to_o the_o cure_n of_o every_o disease_n else_o shall_v they_o oftentimes_o opprimere_fw-la insontes_fw-la &_o dimittere_fw-la reos_fw-la but_o if_o they_o will_v serious_o cast_v their_o eye_n upon_o these_o ensue_a case_n they_o will_v be_v very_o helpful_a to_o they_o in_o their_o proceed_n frontage_n frontage_n be_v where_o the_o ground_n of_o any_o man_n do_v join_v with_o the_o brow_n or_o front_n thereof_o to_o the_o sea_n or_o to_o great_a or_o royal_a stream_n and_o in_o case_n of_o the_o sea_n or_o royal_a river_n the_o property_n of_o the_o bank_n and_o ground_n adjoin_v be_v and_o belong_v to_o the_o subject_n who_o land_n do_v but_o and_o bind_v thereon_o but_o the_o soil_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o royal_a river_n do_v appertain_v to_o the_o king_n as_o former_o in_o my_o tractate_n of_o river_n may_v appear_v but_o in_o case_n of_o petty_a and_o mean_a river_n and_o stream_n the_o soil_n of_o they_o as_o well_o as_o the_o bank_n thereof_o do_v appertain_v to_o they_o who_o ground_n adjoyn_v thereto_o so_o that_o frontage_n and_o ownership_n in_o base_a inferior_a river_n do_v not_o differ_v but_o in_o great_a stream_n and_o the_o sea_n they_o do_v vary_v as_o aforesaid_a and_o in_o 37_o lib._n assiz_n plac_fw-la 10._o it_o seem_v that_o the_o frontager_n be_v bind_v to_o 10._o 37_o assiz_n pl._n 10._o the_o repair_v and_o in_o 8_o h._n 7._o he_o who_o ground_n be_v next_o adjoin_v to_o a_o highway_n be_v bind_v to_o repair_v the_o same_o and_o by_o 7._o 8_o h._n 7._o these_o case_n there_o be_v no_o difference_n touch_v repair_v of_o the_o high_a stream_n and_o the_o highway_n in_o my_o opinion_n ownership_n the_o ownership_n of_o a_o bank_n wall_n or_o other_o defence_n be_v a_o sufficient_a warrrant_v to_o impose_v the_o charge_n of_o the_o repair_v thereof_o upon_o he_o without_o be_v tie_v thereto_o by_o prescription_n as_o appear_v in_o 8_o h._n 7._o fol._n 5._o and_o it_o stand_v with_o 7._o 8_o h._n 7._o reason_n that_o every_o man_n shall_v be_v bind_v to_o repair_v his_o own_o and_o the_o consideration_n be_v also_o move_v for_o that_o his_o ground_n which_o lie_v near_a the_o water_n be_v soon_o subject_a to_o drown_v and_o if_o any_o increase_n be_v upon_o the_o small_a river_n it_o fall_v to_o his_o share_n prescription_n and_o custom_n prescription_n and_o custom_n be_v much_o of_o one_o quality_n for_o in_o both_o of_o they_o the_o efficient_a matter_n be_v use_n to_o repair_v and_o the_o law_n have_v take_v notice_n of_o they_o in_o many_o of_o our_o book_n prescription_n do_v not_o bind_v or_o tie_v one_o to_o the_o repair_n of_o any_o thing_n unless_o it_o be_v ratione_fw-la terrae_fw-la and_o in_o this_o it_o do_v differ_v from_o custom_n for_o if_o it_o be_v present_v that_o a._n b._n and_o his_o ancestor_n have_v time_n out_o of_o memory_n use_v to_o repair_v such_o a_o bank_n wall_n or_o other_o defence_n this_o presentment_n be_v void_a and_o do_v not_o bind_v the_o party_n pro_fw-la ut_fw-la constat_fw-la in_o 21_o e._n 4._o 38._o 3._o 21_o ed._n 4._o 7_o h._n 4._o 19_o h._n 7._o 45_o e._n 3._o 7_o h._n 4._o 31._o 19_o h._n 7._o kelwey_n fol._n 52._o and_o 45_o e._n 3._o but_o body_n politic_a or_o coprorate_a may_v be_v by_o custom_n bind_v to_o repair_n without_o make_v mention_n in_o the_o presentment_n or_o indictment_n that_o they_o be_v to_o do_v the_o same_o ratione_fw-la talis_fw-la messuagii_fw-la terrae_fw-la aut_fw-la tenementi_fw-la and_o to_o that_o purpose_n be_v the_o book_n of_o 21_o e._n 4._o 38_o and_o 44_o ed._n 3._o fitzherb_n title_n bar._n plac_n 103._o for_o 3._o 21._o e._n 4._o 44_o e._n 3._o there_o a_o prior_n be_v present_v that_o he_o and_o his_o predecessor_n have_v use_v time_n out_o of_o memory_n to_o repair_v such_o a_o bridge_n which_o be_v in_o decay_n and_o this_o presentment_n though_o it_o charge_v no_o land_n be_v good_a and_o in_o 19_o hen._n 7._o aforesaid_a it_o be_v 7._o 19_o h._n 7._o say_v that_o one_o may_v be_v bind_v to_o repair_v a_o bank_n or_o wall_n ratione_fw-la resiantiae_fw-la but_o this_o can_v not_o be_v otherwise_o take_v but_o that_o he_o be_v charge_v to_o do_v the_o same_o for_o the_o house_n he_o dwell_v in_o for_o resiantia_fw-la import_v so_o much_o also_o if_o a_o man_n and_o his_o ancestor_n have_v voluntary_o make_v a_o defence_n for_o a_o long_a season_n this_o will_v not_o bind_v his_o heir_n thereto_o though_o he_o have_v asset_n descend_v to_o he_o in_o fee-simple_n for_o descend_v charge_n will_v not_o bind_v the_o heir_n unless_o he_o descend_v have_v asset_n as_o a_o equal_a consideration_n to_o bind_v he_o thereto_o neither_o will_v descend_a asset_n of_o land_n bind_v a_o heir_n in_o this_o case_n unless_o the_o land_n itself_o be_v real_o tie_v and_o charge_v tenure_n a_o man_n by_o the_o tenure_n of_o his_o land_n may_v be_v bind_v to_o repair_v a_o wall_n bank_n or_o other_o defence_n mention_v in_o this_o 7._o 11_o h._n 7._o law_n and_o in_o proof_n thereof_o the_o book_n case_n of_o 11_o h._n 7._o fol._n 12._o be_v full_a in_o the_o point_n where_o it_o be_v say_v that_o if_o before_o the_o statute_n of_o westminster_n the_o three_o a_o man_n have_v make_v a_o feoffment_n in_o fee_n or_o if_o since_o that_o statute_n one_o have_v make_v a_o gift_n in_o tail_n to_o hold_v the_o same_o by_o repair_v a_o bridge_n the_o say_a feoffee_n and_o donee_n and_o his_o heir_n shall_v have_v be_v bind_v by_o the_o say_a tenure_n to_o repair_v the_o say_a 7._o 12_o h._n 7._o bridge_n and_o with_o this_o agree_v the_o book_n of_o 12_o h._n 7._o 18._o and_o 8._o 24_o h._n 8._o 24_o h._n br._n case_n fel._n 9_o and_o in_o porter_n case_n in_o sir_n edward_n cook_n case_n porter_n case_n first_o report_n it_o be_v say_v that_o if_o land_n be_v give_v to_o repair_v way_n bridge_n calceys_n or_o such_o like_a this_o do_v bind_v the_o owner_n of_o those_o land_n to_o do_v those_o repair_v in_o perpetuity_n and_o in_o the_o case_n of_o 12_o h._n 4._o fol._n 7._o the_o prior_n of_o st._n mark_v in_o bristol_n be_v oblige_v and_o bind_v by_o the_o tenor_n of_o his_o land_n to_o repair_v a_o common_a sewer_n and_o this_o enough_o to_o satisfy_v this_o point_n covenant_n so_o likewise_o a_o man_n may_v be_v bind_v by_o his_o covenant_n to_o repair_v a_o wall_n bank_n sewer_n or_o other_o such_o like_a matter_n and_o he_o may_v bind_v himself_o and_o his_o heir_n to_o do_v the_o same_o but_o yet_o this_o covenant_n will_v not_o bind_v his_o heir_n after_o his_o death_n unless_o there_o be_v leave_v asset_n in_o fee_n simple_a to_o descend_v to_o the_o say_a
heir_n from_o the_o say_a ancestor_n which_o make_v the_o covenant_n 33._o 28_o &_o 29_o h._n 8._o dier_n fol._n 33._o wherein_o i_o take_v this_o difference_n between_o a_o covenant_n to_o bind_v a_o heir_n and_o a_o prescription_n for_o by_o covenant_n the_o heir_n shall_v be_v bind_v to_o the_o repair_v if_o he_o have_v asset_n descend_v to_o he_o from_o that_o ancestor_n but_o the_o heir_n shall_v not_o be_v bind_v by_o prescription_n to_o repair_v though_o he_o have_v asset_n descend_v from_o his_o ancestor_n who_o repair_v the_o say_v defence_n but_o if_o land_n be_v charge_v therewithal_o by_o tenure_n or_o otherwise_o as_o a_o charge_n impose_v upon_o land_n by_o prescription_n than_o the_o say_a land_n be_v therewithal_o chargeable_a in_o cujuscunque_fw-la manus_fw-la devenerint_fw-la quod_fw-la nota_fw-la it_o appear_v by_o the_o statute_n of_o 43_o el._n cap._n 4._o that_o if_o land_n rent_n annuity_n good_n or_o chattel_n be_v give_v towards_o 4._o 43_o el._n 4._o the_o repair_n of_o bridge_n port_n havens_n calceys_n or_o sea_n bank_n that_o the_o same_o shall_v be_v so_o employ_v by_o that_o statute_n so_o that_o good_n chattel_n and_o annuity_n be_v chargeable_a to_o these_o repair_v by_o the_o force_n of_o that_o statute_n as_o well_o as_o land_n house_n and_o ground_n in_o case_n any_o such_o thing_n shall_v happen_v to_o come_v before_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n but_o note_v beside_o all_o the_o former_a matter_n that_o a_o heir_n shall_v not_o be_v bind_v by_o the_o covenant_n of_o his_o ancestor_n though_o he_o have_v asset_n descend_v unless_o he_o be_v bind_v express_o by_o the_o word_n heir_n in_o the_o covenant_n usus_fw-la rei_fw-la i_o now_o intend_v to_o declare_v where_o use_n shall_v tie_v one_o to_o the_o repair_v of_o the_o defence_n mention_v in_o this_o law_n i_o do_v not_o hereby_o mean_v that_o use_n which_o i_o have_v former_o mention_v in_o prescription_n and_o custom_n which_o be_v use_v to_o repair_v but_o the_o use_n i_o intend_v in_o this_o place_n be_v the_o use_n which_o one_o be_v to_o have_v of_o the_o defence_n or_o thing_n which_o be_v to_o be_v repair_v as_o where_o one_o and_o his_o ancestor_n have_v use_v to_o have_v the_o use_n of_o the_o river_n or_o water_n by_o sail_v up_o and_o down_o the_o same_o or_o have_v use_v to_o have_v a_o ferry_n on_o or_o over_o they_o or_o a_o staith_o to_o go_v up_o and_o down_o or_o a_o crane_n to_o draw_v up_o water_n or_o some_o other_o engine_n to_o draw_v up_o the_o water_n for_o the_o use_n of_o their_o house_n these_o use_n which_o man_n have_v of_o these_o thing_n may_v be_v cause_n and_o consideration_n sufficient_a to_o tie_v they_o to_o the_o repair_v of_o the_o wall_n bank_n and_o river_n assiz_n 37_o lib._n assiz_n and_o for_o warrant_v in_o this_o learning_n be_v the_o book_n of_o 37_o lib._n assiz_n plac_fw-la 10._o for_o there_o be_v some_o person_n which_o be_v bind_v to_o repair_v the_o river_n because_o they_o have_v passage_n on_o it_o with_o their_o boat_n and_o other_o be_v charge_v because_o they_o have_v free_a fish_n in_o the_o river_n and_o in_o my_o opinion_n it_o stand_v with_o good_a reason_n and_o agreeable_a to_o law_n that_o those_o person_n before_o other_o shall_v be_v bind_v and_o tie_v to_o the_o repair_v of_o such_o thing_n whereof_o they_o have_v peculiar_a and_o several_a profit_n and_o use_n of_o more_o than_o other_o have_v and_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o this_o very_a statute_n aim_v full_a at_o this_o point_n when_o it_o direct_v that_o such_o person_n shall_v be_v rate_v tax_v and_o sess_v towards_o the_o repair_n which_o have_v profit_n of_o fish_v and_o other_o commodity_n in_o the_o river_n but_o least_o some_o may_v mistake_v my_o meaning_n and_o learn_v also_o in_o the_o say_v former_a case_n i_o will_v therefore_o make_v the_o same_o plain_a by_o distinction_n which_o be_v this_o that_o frontage_n ownership_n and_o this_o use_n i_o last_o speak_v of_o do_v not_o bind_v any_o to_o the_o repair_n and_o maintain_v of_o wall_n bank_n bridges_n sewer_n or_o other_o defence_n when_o and_o where_o any_o other_o man_n or_o corporation_n be_v bind_v to_o do_v the_o same_o by_o prescription_n custom_n tenure_n or_o covenant_n for_o the_o say_v three_o part_n frontage_n ownership_n and_o usus_fw-la rei_fw-la be_v but_o implicit_a tie_n only_o in_o construction_n of_o law_n and_o serve_v the_o turn_n only_o when_o no_o other_o person_n or_o person_n be_v bind_v express_o thereunto_o and_o this_o distinction_n may_v be_v maintain_v by_o the_o book_n of_o 8_o h._n 7._o 7._o 8._o h._n 7._o fol._n 5._o and_o other_o book_n where_o it_o be_v say_v that_o he_o who_o ground_n be_v next_o adjoin_v be_v bind_v to_o repair_v unless_o some_o other_o be_v bind_v to_o do_v the_o same_o by_o tenure_n or_o prescription_n whereby_o it_o follow_v that_o if_o one_o be_v bind_v to_o do_v the_o same_o by_o special_a tenure_n or_o prescription_n it_o free_v the_o frontager_n note_v also_o another_o difference_n that_o in_o case_n where_o a_o frontager_n and_o one_o who_o have_v liberum_fw-la passagium_fw-la on_o the_o river_n and_o a_o man_n which_o have_v a_o free_a pischary_n there_o be_v not_o any_o one_o of_o they_o bind_v to_o make_v the_o repair_v alone_o but_o all_o alike_o together_o and_o so_o be_v the_o book_n of_o 37_o assiz_n plac_fw-la 10._o and_o i_o suppose_v the_o book_n of_o 38_o assiz_n plac_fw-la 15._o maintain_v this_o point_n with_o i_o for_o there_o the_o law_n be_v declare_v to_o be_v that_o he_o which_o assiz_n 37_o 38_o assiz_n be_v bind_v by_o prescription_n to_o repair_v be_v bind_v peremptory_o alone_a to_o do_v the_o work_n and_o not_o any_o other_o and_o if_o no_o such_o person_n can_v be_v find_v than_o the_o party_n who_o ground_n do_v adjoyn_v and_o those_o which_o have_v free_a fish_n in_o the_o river_n and_o free_a passage_n thereon_o be_v all_o of_o they_o to_o do_v and_o perform_v the_o same_o joint_o and_o no_o one_o of_o they_o be_v a_o discharge_n for_o the_o other_o because_o they_o shall_v be_v in_o consimili_fw-la casu_fw-la so_o by_o this_o which_o have_v be_v say_v touch_v these_o matter_n the_o commissioner_n may_v see_v and_o behold_v how_o careful_o and_o understand_o the_o law_n of_o this_o realm_n have_v endeavour_v to_o do_v equal_a justice_n and_o my_o desire_n be_v that_o they_o will_v as_o careful_o put_v they_o in_o execution_n a_o township_n assess_v it_o have_v be_v hold_v for_o a_o great_a question_n whether_o a_o township_n or_o hundred_o in_o general_n may_v be_v assess_v and_o tax_v to_o the_o sewer_n without_o impose_v the_o same_o on_o particular_a person_n and_o sir_n edward_n cook_n in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o isle_n of_o ely_n be_v of_o opinion_n direct_o that_o a_o tax_n rate_v or_o a_o sesse_n ely_n case_n of_o the_o isle_n of_o ely_n can_v not_o nay_o might_n not_o be_v set_v or_o impose_v upon_o a_o town_n or_o upon_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o a_o town_n for_o say_v he_o the_o taxation_n sessment_n or_o charge_n ought_v to_o have_v these_o quality_n it_o ought_v to_o be_v according_a to_o the_o quantity_n of_o their_o land_n by_o number_n of_o acre_n and_o perche_n or_o by_o the_o tenor_n of_o profit_n of_o fish_v and_o common_a of_o pasture_n which_o if_o it_o shall_v be_v lay_v upon_o a_o town_n it_o will_v hold_v none_o of_o those_o proportion_n and_o his_o opinion_n be_v not_o alone_o in_o this_o very_a point_n for_o in_o the_o ancient_a charter_n of_o rumney_n marsh_n case_n rumney_n marsh_n case_n pag._n 50._o it_o be_v say_v quod_fw-la unusquisque_fw-la proportione_fw-la ac_fw-la periculo_fw-la incumbentium_fw-la aequae_fw-la contribuat_fw-la and_o page_n 12_o and_o 39_o of_o the_o same_o charter_n the_o taxation_n be_v express_v to_o be_v acre_n perch_n and_o carucate_n and_o our_o statute_n in_o express_a wordsis_n and_o all_o those_o person_n and_o every_o of_o they_o to_o tax_v and_o assess_v charge_n distrain_v and_o punish_v as_o well_o within_o the_o limit_n leet_n and_o bound_n of_o old_a time_n accustom_v or_o otherwise_o or_o elsewhere_o within_o this_o realm_n of_o england_n after_o the_o quantity_n of_o their_o land_n tenement_n and_o rent_n and_o by_o the_o number_n of_o acre_n and_o perch_n and_o after_o the_o rate_n of_o every_o person_n portion_n tenure_n or_o profit_n or_o after_o the_o quantity_n of_o their_o common_a of_o pasture_n or_o fish_v by_o such_o way_n and_o mean_n as_o you_o the_o lord_n fitz_n william_n sir_n francis_n vane_n and_o sir_n thomas_n mounson_n knight_n and_o baronet_n sir_n edward_n dimock_n sir_n william_n armin_n sir_n thomas_n grantham_n sir_n george_n ftiz_n william_n knight_n richard_z totheby_o and_o edward_n king_n esquire_n whereof_o three_o to_o be_v of_o the_o quorum_fw-la shall_v
petty_a matter_n the_o lessee_n for_o year_n shall_v be_v at_o the_o sole_a charge_n for_o these_o may_v be_v spend_v in_o his_o own_o time_n so_o i_o suppose_v my_o meaning_n be_v herein_o well_o perceive_v which_o be_v that_o in_o petty_a annual_a and_o ordinary_a repair_n the_o lessee_n alone_o shall_v do_v the_o same_o but_o where_o the_o same_o want_n in_o great_a timber_n or_o when_o a_o new_a defence_n be_v to_o be_v build_v they_o shall_v both_o be_v at_o the_o charge_n and_o with_o this_o the_o statute_n of_o 7_o jac._n cap._n 20._o do_v direct_o in_o reason_n agree_v withal_o out_o of_o 20._o 7_o jac._n cap._n 20._o which_o statute_n it_o be_v plain_o to_o be_v observe_v that_o in_o the_o great_a repair_n as_o also_o in_o the_o new_a building_n as_o well_o the_o lessor_n as_o the_o lessee_n shall_v be_v both_o at_o the_o charge_n yet_o in_o the_o statute_n of_o 3_o ed._n 6._o cap._n 8._o there_o be_v a_o clause_n in_o effect_n that_o all_o lot_n scot_n and_o sum_n of_o money_n hereafter_o to_o be_v rate_v by_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n upon_o the_o king_n land_n shall_v be_v gather_v or_o levy_v by_o distress_n on_o those_o ground_n as_o in_o case_n of_o other_o person_n and_o that_o all_o bill_n of_o acquittance_n sign_v with_o the_o hand_n of_o such_o receiver_n or_o collector_n shall_v be_v a_o sufficient_a warrant_n to_o the_o auditor_n and_o receiver_n and_o other_o the_o king_n officer_n for_o allowance_n to_o the_o farmer_n or_o tenant_n to_o the_o king_n majesty_n whereby_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o farmer_n of_o the_o king_n shall_v not_o be_v at_o the_o charge_n but_o his_o majesty_n yet_o by_o the_o statute_n 13_o eliz._n cap._n 9_o it_o may_v be_v collect_v that_o the_o lessor_n for_o year_n shall_v be_v charge_v but_o all_o 9_o 13_o eliz_n cap._n 9_o these_o be_v to_o be_v reconcile_v with_o my_o say_a diversity_n but_o now_o it_o may_v be_v object_v to_o i_o sir_n do_v you_o think_v it_o reasonable_a or_o possible_a for_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n to_o take_v notice_n at_o the_o nota._n nota._n first_o of_o every_o private_a man_n inheritance_n and_o the_o several_a estate_n which_o the_o party_n have_v therein_o when_o it_o will_v scarce_o be_v possible_a by_o private_a search_n to_o find_v they_o out_o to_o this_o i_o answer_v that_o it_o be_v not_o reasonable_a to_o tie_v the_o commissioner_n to_o such_o difficult_a and_o obscure_a business_n but_o it_o be_v sufficient_a for_o the_o commissioner_n to_o impose_v or_o lay_v the_o rate_n tax_v or_o sesse_v on_o the_o ground_n or_o on_o the_o visible_a possessor_n thereof_o and_o if_o the_o money_n so_o rate_v be_v demand_v on_o the_o lessee_n for_o year_n or_o for_o life_n or_o if_o the_o good_n be_v distrain_v therefore_o or_o they_o be_v compel_v to_o pay_v the_o same_o than_o they_o may_v come_v before_o the_o commissioner_n and_o show_v forth_o their_o lease_n and_o make_v it_o appear_v that_o i._o s._n have_v the_o reversion_n and_o as_o the_o case_n be_v to_o be_v charge_v as_o well_o as_o himself_o and_o upon_o due_a proof_n thereon_o make_v the_o commissioner_n upon_o hear_v the_o party_n on_o both_o side_n may_v apportion_v the_o tax_n on_o either_o of_o they_o as_o in_o justice_n discretion_n and_o true_a judgement_n be_v requisite_a and_o so_o if_o a_o tax_v be_v set_v upon_o land_n the_o owner_n may_v come_v in_o before_o the_o commissioner_n and_o make_v it_o to_o appear_v before_o they_o that_o i._o d._n have_v a_o common_a and_o rend_v thereout_o and_o upon_o proof_n thereof_o make_v the_o commissioner_n be_v to_o lay_v the_o charge_n according_o and_o so_o it_o shall_v not_o tie_v the_o commissioner_n at_o the_o first_o to_o lay_v the_o charge_n upon_o every_o particular_a person_n for_o that_o be_v opus_fw-la in_o finitum_fw-la &_o impossibile_fw-it but_o to_o relieve_v the_o party_n upon_o their_o complaint_n and_o this_o may_v be_v easy_o do_v and_o it_o stand_v with_o the_o justice_n of_o these_o law_n so_o to_o do_v and_o if_o the_o party_n grieve_v will_v not_o complain_v for_o relief_n let_v it_o be_v just_o account_v their_o own_o folly_n and_o no_o injustice_n of_o the_o commissioner_n for_o the_o very_a statute_n direct_v that_o such_o as_o be_v 12._o 1_o h._n 4._o ch_n 12._o grieve_v shall_v have_v relief_n upon_o their_o complaint_n which_o confirm_v my_o opinion_n in_o this_o point_n tax_n rate_n and_o sessment_n impose_v mere_o by_o the_o law_n of_o sewer_n i_o have_v former_o put_v nine_o several_a matter_n to_o tie_v man_n to_o the_o repair_v and_o this_o by_o the_o law_n of_o sewer_n be_v the_o last_o but_o not_o the_o least_o of_o they_o i_o propose_v these_o to_o be_v by_o the_o law_n of_o sewer_n because_o they_o be_v not_o back_v help_v aid_v or_o assist_v by_o custom_n prescription_n common_a right_n or_o by_o any_o other_o rule_n of_o the_o common_a law_n or_o by_o tenure_n or_o covenant_n or_o any_o act_n of_o the_o party_n as_o all_o the_o rest_n be_v but_o be_v only_o compose_v make_v order_v and_o direct_v by_o the_o sole_a power_n and_o authority_n of_o these_o law_n of_o sewer_n and_o these_o be_v such_o as_o fall_v out_o of_o all_o the_o fome_a rule_n and_o therefore_o in_o nova_fw-la causa_fw-la novum_fw-la remedium_fw-la est_fw-la adhibendum_fw-la but_o yet_o before_o i_o enter_v into_o my_o own_o work_n i_o will_v set_v down_o and_o declare_v the_o opinion_n deliver_v in_o rook_n and_o keighleys_n case_n which_o seem_v one_o of_o they_o opposite_a to_o the_o other_o for_o in_o rook_n case_v it_o be_v say_v that_o if_o one_o be_v bind_v in_o respect_n of_o his_o land_n to_o repair_v a_o wall_n or_o bank_n by_o tenure_n prescription_n or_o otherwise_o that_o yet_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n can_v not_o assess_v the_o say_a party_n alone_o to_o repair_v the_o same_o and_o say_v that_o the_o commissioner_n be_v not_o tie_v to_o the_o rule_n of_o prescription_n tenure_n custom_n or_o otherwise_o but_o aught_o to_o assess_v all_o the_o level_n to_o do_v the_o same_o which_o be_v to_o have_v good_a thereby_o but_o this_o be_v mistake_v be_v very_o just_o and_o discreet_o alter_v in_o the_o say_a case_n of_o keighley_n by_o the_o author_n himself_o for_o how_o can_v it_o be_v presume_v that_o the_o learned_a maker_n of_o this_o worthy_a law_n will_v have_v strike_v down_o at_o one_o blow_n so_o many_o thousand_o prescription_n custom_n tenor_n covenant_n and_o use_n as_o be_v within_o this_o realm_n which_o be_v tie_v and_o bind_v to_o do_v and_o make_v the_o repair_v in_o this_o kind_n some_o in_o consideration_n of_o house_n and_o land_n other_o for_o yearly_a rent_n and_o for_o other_o cause_n which_o to_o have_v set_v at_o liberty_n and_o to_o have_v impose_v the_o charge_n on_o the_o leveller_n will_v have_v wrought_v and_o bring_v a_o wondrous_a innovation_n change_n and_o alteration_n in_o these_o work_n all_o which_o by_o this_o exposition_n be_v free_v and_o save_v but_o yet_o there_o be_v certain_a case_n which_o of_o mere_a necessity_n lie_v the_o charge_n upon_o the_o level_n which_o be_v as_o follow_v the_o charge_n upon_o the_o level_n first_o if_o any_o ground_n be_v heretofore_o by_o custom_n prescription_n tenure_n or_o otherwise_o oblige_v and_o bind_v to_o repair_v any_o wall_n bank_n river_n sewer_n goat_n sluice_n jetty_a or_o other_o defence_n which_o ground_n so_o charge_v have_v be_v of_o late_o devour_v and_o overflow_v by_o the_o sea_n and_o so_o remain_v the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n be_v in_o that_o case_n tie_v to_o lay_v the_o charge_n now_o upon_o the_o level_n which_o stand_v in_o danger_n of_o take_v hurt_v by_o the_o not_o make_v the_o repair_v or_o which_o be_v to_o receive_v good_a by_o the_o do_v thereof_o second_o also_o if_o a._n b._n be_v bind_v by_o the_o tenure_n of_o his_o land_n to_o repair_v a_o bridge_n calcey_n or_o bank_n and_o he_o die_v without_o heir_n whereby_o the_o land_n escheat_v to_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o fee_n in_o this_o case_n the_o tenure_n be_v end_v and_o the_o chief_a lord_n be_v not_o bind_v to_o the_o repair_v and_o therefore_o now_o the_o charge_n must_v lie_v on_o the_o the_o level_n and_o so_o be_v the_o law_n if_o this_o tenure_n have_v be_v in_o other_o sort_n extinguish_v three_o where_o no_o person_n or_o ground_n can_v be_v know_v which_o ought_v to_o make_v the_o repair_v by_o tenure_n prescription_n custom_n covenant_n or_o otherwise_o than_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n be_v to_o lay_v the_o charge_n on_o the_o level_n four_o if_o john_n à _fw-fr stile_n be_v chargeable_a to_o make_v the_o repair_v and_o be_v not_o able_a to_o do_v the_o same_o here_o the_o level_n be_v to_o be_v charge_v to_o assist_v he_o therein_o as_o appear_v in_o keighleys_n
case_n five_o if_o i._o s._n by_o reason_n of_o his_o land_n or_o otherwise_o be_v tie_v to_o repair_v the_o sea_n bank_n but_o the_o hazard_n be_v so_o apparent_a dangerous_a to_o the_o country_n that_o i._o s._n in_o all_o likelihood_n can_v repair_v the_o same_o and_o so_o the_o country_n may_v be_v in_o danger_n to_o be_v overflow_v ere_o i._n s._n alone_o can_v do_v it_o here_o also_o the_o country_n on_o that_o level_n be_v to_o be_v rate_v and_o tax_v towards_o the_o same_o keighleys_n case_n six_o if_o the_o sea_n at_o the_o spring_n tide_n or_o at_o extraordinary_a casual_a swell_a tide_n or_o flood_n have_v break_v down_o the_o fence_n and_o overthrow_v the_o bank_n and_o drown_v the_o country_n without_o any_o default_n in_o the_o party_n who_o be_v tie_v to_o have_v repair_v the_o same_o the_o level_n shall_v in_o this_o case_n make_v up_o the_o breach_n for_o thing_n which_o happen_v extraordinary_o by_o the_o sea_n or_o great_a water_n which_o neither_o policy_n of_o man_n can_v prevent_v nor_o industry_n or_o force_n can_v resist_v be_v count_v irevitable_a and_o undefenceable_a and_o so_o be_v the_o law_n in_o the_o case_n of_o lessee_n for_o year_n or_o for_o life_n if_o they_o suffer_v by_o neglect_v their_o bank_n or_o wall_n to_o be_v break_v down_o and_o their_o ground_n surround_v they_o be_v punishable_a in_o a_o action_n of_o waste_n but_o if_o those_o ground_n by_o the_o extraordinary_a rage_n and_o violence_n of_o the_o sea_n or_o water_n be_v bear_v down_o and_o their_o ground_n surround_v thereby_o they_o be_v in_o this_o case_n free_v from_o all_o waste_v and_o in_o proof_n thereof_o the_o case_n in_o 28_o and_o 29_o h._n 8._o dier_n fol._n 33._o be_v much_o to_o this_o purpose_n where_o one_o dier_n 28_o h._n 8._o dier_n make_v a_o lease_n for_o year_n of_o ground_n to_o i._o s._n lie_v near_o the_o river_n of_o eye_n and_o the_o lessee_n covenant_v to_o repair_v the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n to_o preserve_v the_o meadow_n from_o surrounder_n yet_o after_o a_o extraordinary_a flood_n the_o bank_n be_v break_v down_o and_o the_o meadow_n be_v surround_v and_o it_o be_v there_o hold_v to_o be_v no_o breach_n of_o covenant_n nota_fw-la this_o be_v in_o ☞_o ☞_o the_o case_n of_o a_o fresh_a river_n whereby_o in_o this_o case_n the_o law_n must_v lay_v the_o charge_n of_o the_o level_n if_o any_o danger_n be_v likely_a to_o ensue_v by_o the_o protract_n of_o time_n seven_o if_o one_o do_v hold_v his_o land_n by_o the_o yearly_a payment_n of_o ten_o shilling_n towards_o the_o repair_n of_o a_o wall_n if_o this_o money_n will_v not_o defray_v the_o charge_n the_o rest_n must_v be_v lay_v on_o the_o level_n eight_o if_o a_o new_a wall_n or_o bank_n be_v to_o be_v erect_v or_o a_o new_a sewer_n trench_n or_o river_n to_o be_v cast_v or_o sluice_n or_o new_a goat_n to_o be_v build_v in_o these_o case_n the_o commissioner_n must_v lay_v the_o charge_n on_o the_o level_n which_o be_v to_o take_v benefit_n thereby_o as_o well_o for_o new_a build_n thereof_o as_o with_o the_o maintain_n of_o they_o for_o in_o the_o case_n of_o new_a defence_n there_o can_v be_v no_o prescription_n custom_n or_o tenure_n bind_v to_o do_v the_o same_o and_o last_o in_o case_n there_o be_v a_o great_a port_n in_o the_o country_n by_o the_o which_o the_o whole_a country_n have_v benefit_n for_o the_o port_n and_o havens_n as_o have_v be_v say_v be_v ostia_n &_o januae_fw-la regni_fw-la and_o be_v the_o defence_n to_o the_o whole_a country_n tempore_fw-la pacis_fw-la &_o tempore_fw-la belli_fw-la and_o be_v these_o place_n by_o mean_n whereof_o the_o upland_n country_n be_v make_v partaker_n of_o the_o sea_n commodity_n therefore_o in_o my_o opinion_n the_o extraordinary_a repair_n of_o these_o be_v not_o altogether_o tie_v to_o the_o level_n as_o in_o other_o case_n nor_o to_o prescription_n or_o custom_n of_o repair_v which_o extend_v but_o to_o ordinary_a defect_n but_o upon_o great_a and_o urgent_a necessity_n for_o the_o safety_n of_o the_o port_n upon_o the_o welfare_n whereof_o the_o safety_n of_o the_o country_n do_v depend_v the_o whole_a country_n be_v oblige_v and_o bind_v to_o contribute_v towards_o the_o repair_v for_o these_o reason_n follow_v first_o for_o that_o in_o time_n of_o peace_n it_o be_v the_o gate_n which_o open_v itself_o to_o let_v in_o from_o foreign_a part_n the_o ship_n and_o bark_n which_o bring_v hither_o to_o this_o island_n such_o merchandize_n ware_n and_o commodity_n both_o for_o our_o profit_n and_o pleasure_n as_o we_o have_v need_v to_o use_v second_o at_o these_o port_n we_o ship_n out_o to_o foreign_a nation_n our_o excess_n of_o corn_n cloth_n skin_n lead_v and_o other_o ware_n wherewithal_o we_o do_v abound_v and_o receive_v in_o truck_v therefore_o other_o thing_n more_o useful_a and_o necessary_a for_o we_o three_o in_o time_n of_o war_n we_o have_v ship_v here_o for_o our_o soldier_n and_o mean_n at_o the_o easy_a charge_n to_o transport_v they_o to_o such_o place_n as_o the_o king_n and_o council_n shall_v direct_v four_o in_o those_o port_n be_v common_o great_a havens_n which_o be_v the_o chief_a receptacle_n of_o all_o our_o fresh_a water_n into_o which_o the_o water_n which_o drown_v the_o ground_n of_o the_o country_n adjoin_v be_v convey_v and_o last_o it_o appear_v by_o divers_a author_n that_o a_o country_n well_o furnish_v with_o port_n and_o havens_n be_v not_o more_o strengthen_v then_o honour_v thereby_o and_o if_o it_o be_v as_o lawful_a as_o convenient_a to_o put_v a_o case_n of_o chronicle_n law_n upon_o it_o in_o the_o 28_o year_n eliz._n in_o holingshead_n chronicle_n it_o appear_v what_o great_a care_n the_o queen_n and_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o privy_a counsel_n and_o the_o cron._n hol._n cron._n knight_n and_o gentleman_n of_o kent_n take_v for_o the_o repair_n of_o dover_n haven_n what_o preparation_n be_v make_v for_o it_o what_o money_n levy_v and_o how_o forward_o all_o the_o country_n be_v to_o effect_v that_o work_n may_v be_v a_o spectacle_n to_o other_o for_o to_o lend_v their_o help_a hand_n to_o the_o maintain_n of_o such_o worthy_a work_n be_v of_o all_o other_o the_o most_o honourable_a to_o our_o nation_n and_o the_o most_o useful_a to_o the_o enrich_n thereof_o for_o which_o cause_v in_o my_o opinion_n because_o the_o mountain_n as_o well_o as_o the_o valley_n have_v both_o salvationem_fw-la defentionem_fw-la &_o commodum_fw-la thereby_o therefore_o in_o time_n of_o need_n the_o one_o as_o well_o as_o the_o other_o shall_v be_v charge_v by_o the_o power_n of_o this_o commission_n to_o contribute_v to_o the_o extraordinary_a repair_n of_o the_o same_o i_o have_v now_o proceed_v in_o this_o point_n of_o sess_n so_o far_o that_o i_o take_v it_o i_o may_v just_o here_o make_v my_o full_a period_n of_o this_o day_n exercise_v and_o i_o have_v take_v up_o the_o more_o time_n herein_o because_o thereupon_o a_o main_a part_n and_o strength_n of_o this_o law_n consist_v and_o therefore_o i_o will_v now_o apply_v myself_o to_o my_o conclusion_n in_o the_o which_o i_o have_v already_o proceed_v so_o far_o that_o i_o have_v make_v it_o in_o some_o sort_n to_o appear_v that_o some_o of_o the_o sess_v in_o particular_a be_v not_o well_o impose_v as_o the_o lessee_n in_o case_n of_o the_o new_a defence_n be_v not_o alone_o chargeable_a for_o that_o he_o in_o the_o reversion_n be_v to_o contribute_v thereto_o and_o that_o no_o imposition_n ought_v to_o have_v be_v lay_v upon_o the_o parson_n for_o his_o tithe_n but_o the_o owner_n of_o the_o soil_n be_v to_o be_v charge_v for_o all_o so_o that_o these_o two_o be_v already_o rule_v for_o i_o but_o yet_o if_o any_o of_o the_o sess_v shall_v be_v good_a than_o i_o shall_v fail_v in_o my_o conclusion_n i_o shall_v therefore_o set_v forth_o in_o few_o word_n that_o all_o the_o sess_v be_v void_a and_o the_o cause_n be_v this_o that_o the_o drain_n of_o the_o superfluous_a water_n in_o s._n appear_v by_o my_o case_n to_o be_v only_o commodious_a for_o s._n and_o that_o d._n the_o other_o town_n have_v no_o good_a thereby_o and_o it_o appear_v also_o that_o by_o the_o repair_n of_o the_o ancient_a sewer_n in_o d._n that_o town_n only_o have_v benefit_n thereby_o therefore_o to_o assess_v s._n to_o repair_v in_o d._n and_o d._n to_o contribute_v to_o s._n where_o in_o those_o case_n there_o can_v be_v no_o benefit_n be_v direct_o against_o the_o letter_n and_o sense_n of_o these_o law_n but_o herein_o either_o of_o they_o ought_v to_o have_v be_v at_o charge_n with_o that_o by_o the_o which_o it_o take_v benefit_n and_o that_o not_o otherwise_o and_o therefore_o the_o mixture_n mar_v all_o the_o matter_n and_o so_o upon_o all_o this_o i_o conclude_v my_o
for_o a_o distress_n take_v in_o the_o king_n court_n for_o that_o they_o be_v of_o a_o superior_a authority_n and_o jurisdiction_n to_o these_o inferior_a court_n of_o sewer_n and_o therefore_o the_o replevin_n which_o our_o statute_n aim_v to_o give_v way_n to_o be_v intend_v to_o be_v take_v out_o of_o the_o king_n court_n which_o in_o law_n and_o justice_n ought_v to_o be_v obey_v and_o not_o from_o the_o sheriff_n or_o his_o officer_n by_o virtue_n of_o their_o office_n only_o but_o in_o my_o case_n the_o commissioner_n make_v a_o law_n that_o the_o good_n of_o a._n shall_v be_v sell_v without_o allowance_n of_o replevin_n which_o be_v a_o good_a law_n upon_o the_o distinction_n and_o diversity_n aforesaid_a that_o be_v that_o a._n who_o be_v the_o person_n assess_v may_v not_o have_v or_o take_v a_o replevin_n because_o he_o be_v a_o person_n bind_v express_o by_o the_o law_n nor_o that_o the_o sheriff_n or_o his_o officer_n exit_fw-la officio_fw-la may_v grant_v a_o replevin_n to_o deliver_v the_o same_o be_v under_o the_o power_n of_o this_o law_n of_o sewer_n but_o the_o king_n court_n at_o westminster_n may_v in_o those_o case_n of_o sewer_n deliver_v the_o distress_n and_o this_o construction_n make_v of_o this_o statute_n as_o i_o take_v it_o stand_v with_o law_n and_o reason_n and_o in_o the_o 31_o ed._n 3._o brook_z replevin_n plac_n 60._o the_o case_n be_v put_v a_o man_n do_v grant_v to_o a._n b._n a_o rent_n out_o of_o his_o ground_n 3._o 13_o ed._n 3._o with_o power_n that_o if_o it_o be_v behind_o that_o he_o may_v distrain_v therefore_o and_o detain_v the_o distress_n against_o gauge_n and_o pledge_n and_o yes_o it_o be_v adjudge_v that_o if_o the_o rent_n be_v behind_o and_o the_o grantor_n distrain_v he_o can_v not_o detain_v this_o distress_n against_o the_o replevin_n yet_o here_o be_v the_o direct_a word_n of_o the_o party_n himself_o to_o the_o contrary_a but_o his_o word_n can_v not_o over-rule_v the_o law_n so_o that_o upon_o all_o these_o matter_n i_o hold_v these_o tenant_n follow_v imprimis_fw-la to_o make_v a_o general_a law_n to_o restrain_v all_o replevin_n grant_v either_o from_o the_o sheriff_n or_o the_o king_n court_n be_v no_o good_a law_n or_o ordinance_n of_o sewer_n for_o that_o replevin_n de_fw-fr jure_fw-la be_v in_o such_o case_n grantable_a out_o of_o the_o king_n court_n and_o such_o a_o general_a law_n savour_v too_o much_o of_o oppression_n in_o stop_v up_o the_o gate_n of_o justice_n second_o for_o a_o sheriff_n or_o his_o deputy_n to_o grant_v and_o award_n warrant_v of_o replevin_n exit_fw-la officio_fw-la to_o deliver_v good_n or_o cattle_n distrain_v and_o detain_v for_o a_o tax_n and_o law_n of_o sewer_n be_v in_o my_o opinion_n against_o law_n and_o need_v not_o to_o be_v obey_v for_o that_o the_o distress_n be_v sub_n protectione_n superioris_fw-la curiae_fw-la which_o be_v of_o a_o high_a degree_n than_o a_o sheriff_n ministerial_a warrant_n three_o if_o a_o distress_n be_v take_v and_o sell_v for_o a_o sesse_n of_o sewer_n a_o replevin_n lie_v against_o the_o buyer_n for_o by_o the_o sale_n the_o good_n and_o cattle_n be_v put_v out_o of_o the_o protection_n of_o the_o court_n of_o sewer_n four_o if_o a_o rate_n or_o tax_n be_v impose_v by_o the_o law_n of_o sewer_n upon_o i._n s._n &_o the_o good_n of_o john_n a_o down_n be_v take_v therefore_o on_o the_o ground_n of_o i._n s._n which_o be_v charge_v i._n d._n may_v sue_v a_o replevin_n of_o his_o say_a cattle_n from_o the_o sheriff_n for_o that_o he_o nor_o his_o good_n be_v not_o express_o bind_v by_o the_o law_n of_o sewer_n five_o a_o replevin_n lie_v out_o of_o the_o king_n court_n of_o westminster_n to_o deliver_v a_o distress_n take_v and_o detain_v by_o the_o law_n of_o sewer_n for_o that_o they_o be_v court_n de_fw-fr altiore_fw-la natura_fw-la six_o a_o distress_n take_v by_o a_o lord_n on_o his_o tenant_n for_o not_o repair_v a_o work_n of_o sewer_n which_o by_o the_o tenure_n of_o his_o land_n he_o ought_v to_o do_v and_o repair_v the_o tenant_n may_v sue_v a_o replevin_n from_o the_o sheriff_n exit_fw-la officio_fw-la to_o deliver_v the_o distress_n for_o that_o this_o distress_n be_v not_o take_v or_o detain_v by_o warrant_n judgement_n or_o decree_n of_o sewer_n seven_o if_o upon_o a_o judgement_n give_v in_o the_o king_n court_n or_o upon_o a_o decree_n make_v in_o this_o court_n of_o sewer_n a_o writ_n or_o warrant_n of_o distringas_fw-la ad_fw-la reparandum_fw-la or_o of_o that_o nature_n be_v award_v and_o the_o party_n good_n be_v thereby_o take_v these_o good_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v deliver_v by_o replevin_n to_o be_v take_v either_o out_o of_o this_o court_n or_o out_o of_o any_o other_o court_n of_o the_o king_n because_o it_o be_v a_o execution_n out_o of_o a_o judgement_n eight_o although_o one_o grant_v a_o rent_n out_o of_o his_o land_n with_o clause_n of_o distress_n and_o with_o grant_n or_o covenant_n that_o the_o grantee_n may_v distrain_v and_o detain_v this_o distress_n till_o he_o shall_v be_v satisfy_v his_o rent_n yet_o a_o replevin_n lie_v in_o that_o case_n a_o perpetual_a charge_n so_o now_o i_o have_v full_o and_z at_o large_a declare_v my_o opinion_n touch_v distress_n and_o replevin_n wherein_o i_o hope_v i_o have_v full_o satisfy_v the_o first_o point_n of_o my_o case_n i_o intend_v therefore_o now_o to_o proceed_v to_o the_o six_o point_n which_o concern_v charge_n and_o sale_n of_o land_n to_o be_v make_v by_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n by_o the_o power_n and_o authority_n of_o this_o law_n and_o first_o i_o suppose_v the_o question_n may_v be_v extend_v to_o this_o that_o be_v whether_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n can_v impose_v a_o perpetual_a charge_n upon_o land_n to_o repair_v a_o work_n of_o sewer_n for_o ever_o by_o the_o power_n of_o these_o law_n i_o do_v here_o acknowledge_v that_o this_o be_v a_o knotty_a point_n yet_o something_o may_v be_v allege_v in_o maintenance_n of_o this_o opinion_n affirmative_o for_o in_o the_o part_n of_o holland_n in_o the_o county_n of_o lincoln_n almost_o every_o one_o know_v which_o part_n he_o be_v to_o repair_v and_o maintain_v in_o perpetuity_n and_o experientia_fw-la est_fw-la optima_fw-la interpres_fw-la rerum_fw-la and_o it_o appear_v by_o the_o charter_n of_o romney_n marsh_n pag._n 12._o that_o the_o use_n there_o be_v to_o impose_v perpetual_a charge_n on_o singular_a person_n 12._o char._n romney_n marsh_n pag._n 12._o for_o the_o word_n there_o be_v these_o juratores_fw-la per_fw-la eor_fw-la '_o sacrament_n '_o mensur_fw-fr abunt_fw-la per_fw-la perticam_fw-la omnes_fw-la terr_v as_o &_o tenementa_fw-la quae_fw-la infra_fw-la dictum_fw-la mariscum_fw-la periculo_fw-la subiacent_a quibus_fw-la mensueration_n '_o factis_fw-la viginti_fw-la quatuor_fw-la per_fw-la communitatem_fw-la prius_fw-la electi_fw-la &_o jurati_fw-la habito_fw-la respectu_fw-la ad_fw-la quantitatem_fw-la walliar_n '_o terrar_n '_o &_o tenement_n '_o quae_fw-la periculo_fw-la subiacent_a per_fw-la eor_fw-la '_o sacramentum_fw-la ordinabunt_fw-la quantum_fw-la ad_fw-la predictarum_fw-la walliar_n '_o sustentationem_fw-la &_o reperationem_fw-la faciend_n '_o &_o sustinend_v '_o add_v quemlibet_fw-la pertineat_fw-la ita_fw-la quod_fw-la proportion_n '_o acrar_n '_o terrar_n '_o periculo_fw-la subiacent_a '_o singulis_fw-la assignetur_fw-la sva_fw-la portio_fw-la perticar_n '_o &_o predict_v '_o assignatio_fw-la fiat_fw-la per_fw-la locos_fw-la certos_fw-la ita_fw-la ut_fw-la scietur_fw-la ubi_fw-la &_o per_fw-la quae_fw-la loca_fw-la ad_fw-la quantum_fw-la singuli_fw-la defendere_fw-la teneantur_fw-la these_o word_n in_o this_o charter_n seem_v to_o be_v plain_a that_o by_o the_o law_n establish_v in_o romney_n marsh_n the_o commissioner_n have_v power_n to_o assign_v to_o every_o man_n his_o portion_n to_o repair_v in_o perpetuity_n but_o i_o find_v no_o such_o word_n in_o our_o statute_n and_o whereas_o it_o may_v be_v say_v that_o our_o commissioner_n have_v power_n to_o make_v sale_n of_o the_o land_n ergo_fw-la they_o may_v charge_v they_o perpetual_o but_o this_o be_v a_o non_fw-la sequitur_fw-la for_o that_o for_o the_o sale_n they_o have_v express_v warrant_n but_o not_o so_o for_o the_o charge_n and_o power_n and_o authority_n must_v be_v due_o pursue_v and_o be_v not_o to_o be_v take_v by_o equitable_a or_o argumentable_a collection_n or_o implication_n so_o that_o it_o may_v seem_v the_o law_n of_o sewer_n be_v never_o hold_v so_o perdurable_a as_o to_o bind_v man_n land_n with_o perpetual_a charge_n and_o therefore_o this_o difference_n i_o take_v that_o by_o the_o custom_n of_o a_o town_n or_o country_n every_o one_o may_v know_v his_o particular_a portion_n which_o the_o owner_n of_o ground_n be_v oblige_v and_o bind_v to_o repair_v perpetual_o but_o without_o such_o a_o custom_n it_o have_v be_v hold_v that_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n can_v bind_v any_o man_n inheritance_n to_o a_o
attaint_v of_o treason_n shall_v forfeit_v the_o land_n whereof_o he_o be_v seize_v of_o any_o estate_n of_o inheritance_n and_o by_o this_o statute_n entail_v land_n be_v forfeit_v and_o the_o word_n of_o any_o estate_n of_o inheritance_n be_v the_o word_n which_o give_v that_o forfeiture_n the_o one_o in_o fee_n simple_a the_o other_o in_o fee_n tail_n and_o the_o word_n any_o presuppose_v more_o estate_n of_o inheritance_n than_o one_o but_o whether_o a_o decree_n of_o sale_n of_o land_n make_v by_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n shall_v bind_v the_o heir_n in_o tail_n be_v the_o point_n of_o my_o case_n and_o in_o my_o opinion_n i_o think_v they_o shall_v be_v bar_v for_o the_o cause_n and_o reason_n follow_v first_o the_o word_n of_o the_o statute_n of_o sewer_n be_v that_o such_o a_o decree_n shall_v bind_v all_o and_o every_o person_n and_o person_n that_o at_o the_o make_n of_o the_o same_o decree_n have_v any_o interest_n in_o such_o land_n tenement_n &_o hereditament_n in_o uso_n possession_n remainder_n or_o reversion_n their_o heir_n and_o assign_v so_o that_o by_o express_a word_n it_o bind_v the_o heir_n and_o it_o will_v have_v bind_v the_o heir_n of_o a_o tenant_n in_o fee_n simple_a without_o the_o word_n heir_n express_v in_o the_o statute_n therefore_o the_o word_n heir_n need_v not_o but_o only_o for_o the_o bind_n of_o the_o heir_n in_o tail_n also_o if_o these_o land_n be_v charge_v by_o prescription_n as_o many_o land_n be_v than_o be_v the_o land_n original_o bind_v and_o the_o heir_n in_o tail_n stand_v charge_v with_o these_o sess_v as_o well_o as_o land_n in_o fee_n simple_a and_o last_o this_o be_v a_o law_n enact_v for_o the_o preservation_n of_o the_o commonweal_n and_o be_v more_o to_o be_v favour_v then_o particular_a estate_n of_o heir_n in_o tail_n but_o the_o case_n of_o the_o praemunire_n be_v penal_a in_o point_n of_o a_o forfeiture_n which_o be_v to_o be_v strict_o take_v for_o the_o king_n and_o favourable_o for_o the_o subject_n and_o therefore_o in_o my_o opinion_n the_o heir_n in_o tail_n shall_v be_v bind_v in_o these_o case_n of_o sale_n and_o the_o rather_o because_o they_o be_v within_o the_o word_n of_o the_o statute_n videlicet_fw-la heir_n general_o put_v which_o extend_v to_o heir_n in_o tail_n as_o well_o as_o to_o heir_n in_o fee_n simple_a and_o because_o the_o sesse_v and_o charge_n shall_v bind_v both_o alike_o so_o in_o my_o opinion_n the_o sale_n shall_v bind_v both_o in_o regard_n the_o sale_n depend_v upon_o the_o charge_n and_o sesse_v if_o a_o prebend_n parson_n or_o vicar_n dean_n bishop_n or_o such_o like_a which_o be_v seize_v of_o land_n in_o their_o politic_a capacity_n be_v sess_v to_o repair_v of_o work_n of_o sewer_n their_o land_n can_v be_v decree_v away_o from_o they_o in_o such_o sort_n as_o to_o bind_v their_o successor_n for_o as_o this_o statute_n of_o sewer_n extend_v to_o bind_v land_n by_o decree_n in_o perpetuity_n so_o the_o statute_n of_o 1_o and_o 13_o and_o 14_o eliz._n restrain_v alienation_n and_o where_o those_o statute_n restrain_v they_o i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o this_o general_a statute_n of_o sewer_n do_v not_o dispense_v with_o those_o statute_n in_o croft_n case_n crofts_n and_o howel_n case_n and_o howel_n case_v in_o blow_n comment_fw-fr a_o fine_a with_o proclamation_n and_o non-claim_a by_o five_o year_n do_v bind_v the_o corporation_n of_o the_o mystery_n of_o the_o cook_n in_o london_n for_o their_o right_n in_o land_n and_o so_o all_o other_o corporation_n which_o be_v absolute_a of_o themselves_o and_o need_v not_o the_o assent_n of_o any_o other_o as_o major_n and_o commonalty_n dean_n and_o chapter_n master_n and_o fellow_n of_o college_n but_o the_o law_n be_v otherwise_o of_o parson_n vicar_n prebend_n and_o such_o like_a and_o the_o like_a exposition_n do_v i_o make_v of_o they_o in_o this_o statute_n of_o sewer_n but_o i_o will_v here_o make_v a_o distinction_n i_o be_o notwithstanding_o of_o opinion_n that_o the_o parson_n vicar_n prebend_n and_o such_o like_a for_o their_o own_o neglect_n be_v bind_v during_o their_o time_n but_o not_o their_o successor_n after_o they_o and_o note_v this_o statute_n though_o it_o mention_v heir_n yet_o it_o do_v not_o at_o all_o mention_n successor_n which_o be_v worthy_a of_o consideration_n also_o and_o in_o my_o opinion_n this_o statute_n as_o to_o decree_n to_o be_v make_v of_o land_n will_v bind_v woman_n covert_a baron_n infant_n person_n that_o be_v non_fw-la sanae_fw-la mentis_fw-la and_o such_o like_a because_o it_o be_v a_o law_n make_v for_o the_o safety_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o so_o it_o be_v hold_v in_o zouche_n case_n in_o the_o com._n that_o the_o statute_n of_o 4_o h._n 7._o of_o fine_n have_v bind_v infant_n idiot_n and_o woman_n court_v baron_n have_v they_o not_o be_v except_v in_o that_o statute_n a_o forciori_fw-la case_n zouch_v case_n shall_v they_o be_v comprise_v in_o this_o statute_n for_o the_o statute_n of_o fine_n be_v make_v for_o the_o peace_n of_o the_o weal-public_a but_o the_o statute_n of_o sewer_n be_v make_v for_o the_o safety_n thereof_o if_o there_o be_v two_o tenant_n in_o common_a which_o be_v sess_v towards_o the_o repair_n of_o a_o wall_n bank_n or_o such_o like_a work_n of_o sewer_n and_o one_o of_o they_o do_v neglect_v to_o pay_v his_o proportionable_a part_n whether_o commissioner_n may_v decree_v a_o moiety_n without_o partition_n both_o of_o the_o sesse_v and_o land_n be_v a_o question_n for_o their_o estate_n be_v several_a though_o there_o be_v a_o community_n in_o take_v of_o the_o profit_n and_o therefore_o the_o matter_n be_v whether_o the_o assess_v shall_v attend_v upon_o the_o possession_n which_o be_v in_o common_a or_o upon_o their_o estate_n which_o be_v several_a and_o although_o commissioner_n in_o assess_v be_v not_o bind_v to_o take_v notice_n of_o their_o estate_n yet_o if_o they_o take_v upon_o they_o to_o decree_v a_o man_n land_n from_o he_o they_o be_v then_o to_o take_v notice_n of_o his_o estate_n and_o of_o all_o other_o circumstance_n necessary_o depend_v thereupon_o in_o 22_o h._n 6._o fol._n 12._o if_o a_o trespass_n be_v do_v upon_o land_n which_o be_v hold_v in_o common_a they_o be_v to_o join_v in_o a_o action_n but_o if_o one_o of_o they_o die_v that_o action_n shall_v survive_v for_o though_o they_o be_v joint_a in_o the_o personalty_n yet_o they_o disjoin_v in_o the_o realty_n and_o if_o two_o tenant_n in_o common_a of_o land_n join_v in_o a_o grant_n of_o ten_o pound_n rend_v charge_v out_o of_o their_o land_n the_o grantee_n shall_v have_v ten_o pound_n yearly_a of_o either_o by_o the_o opinion_n of_o mr._n perkins_n but_o if_o a_o sesse_v of_o ten_o pound_n be_v lay_v and_o impose_v upon_o they_o by_o this_o law_n of_o sewer_n this_o sesse_v shall_v not_o double_a as_o the_o rent_n shall_v yet_o in_o this_o case_n of_o a_o joint_n assess_v impose_v upon_o tenant_n in_o common_a and_o one_o will_v pay_v his_o moiety_n and_o his_o companion_n refuse_v the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n can_v sell_v a_o moiety_n of_o the_o land_n for_o that_o it_o be_v a_o joint_n sess_v and_o be_v not_o impose_v by_o moiety_n and_o the_o sale_n do_v depend_v upon_o the_o sess_v and_o all_o may_v not_o be_v sell_v for_o that_o one_o tenant_n in_o common_a can_v prejudice_v his_o companion_n in_o thing_n of_o realty_n the_o four_o matter_n be_v to_o who_o land_n may_v be_v decree_v by_o this_o law_n for_o by_o the_o word_n of_o the_o statute_n it_o appear_v that_o the_o commissioner_n have_v power_n to_o decree_v land_n for_o default_n of_o payment_n for_o year_n for_o life_n in_o tail_n or_o in_o fee_n simple_a whereby_o the_o law_n intend_v they_o shall_v make_v their_o decree_n for_o sale_n according_a to_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o sess_v and_o so_o shall_v use_v moderation_n in_o the_o estate_n they_o make_v or_o sell_v therefore_o and_o it_o be_v not_o intend_v they_o shall_v sell_v the_o feesimple_n away_o for_o sess_v which_o may_v be_v satisfy_v with_o the_o make_n of_o a_o less_o estate_n and_o i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o this_o decree_n do_v make_v the_o estate_n with_o the_o help_n of_o this_o statute_n according_a to_o the_o limitation_n which_o shall_v therein_o be_v declare_v and_o that_o the_o party_n shall_v have_v estate_n according_a as_o the_o same_o be_v thereby_o limit_v unto_o he_o and_o this_o be_v no_o equitable_a decree_n which_o bind_v the_o person_n only_o as_o chancery_n decree_v be_v but_o it_o bind_v the_o land_n and_o therefore_o the_o commissioner_n may_v not_o decree_v land_n to_o a_o corporation_n as_o to_o a_o major_a and_o commonalty_n dean_n and_o chapter_n or_o such_o like_a which_o be_v mortmain_n for_o the_o general_a word_n of_o this_o statute_n
i_o take_v it_o these_o few_o distinction_n do_v full_o declare_v my_o opinion_n touch_v those_o matter_n the_o statute_n of_o 23_o h._n 8._o which_o i_o read_v on_o touch_v and_o concern_v let_n impediment_n and_o annoyance_n have_v these_o word_n in_o it_o in_o effect_n and_o the_o commission_n give_v authority_n to_o edmond_n lord_n sheffield_n sir_n philip_n tyrwhit_n sir_n nicholas_n sanderson_n knight_n and_o baronet_n sir_n richard_n aurcots_n sir_n john_n thorold_n sir_n john_n read_v sir_n charles_n bowl_n sir_n ralph_n maddison_n sir_n william_n hansord_n sir_n francis_n south_n knight_n thomas_z tyrwhit_o john_n bolles_n and_o nicholas_n hammerton_n esquire_n whereof_o the_o say_a baronet_n and_o baronet_n be_v of_o the_o quorum_fw-la to_o survey_v the_o wall_n stream_n ditch_n bank_n gutter_n sewer_n goat_n calceys_n bridges_n trench_n mill_n mildam_n floodgate_n pond_n lock_n hebbingwere_n and_o other_o impediment_n let_n and_o annoyance_n and_o the_o same_o to_o cause_n to_o be_v make_v correct_v repair_v amend_v put_v down_o or_o reform_v as_o cause_n shall_v require_v after_o their_o wisdom_n and_o discretion_n and_o therein_o to_o ordain_v and_o do_v after_o the_o form_n tenor_n and_o effect_n of_o all_o and_o singular_a the_o statute_n or_o ordinance_n make_v before_o the_o first_o day_n of_o march_n in_o the_o 23_o year_n of_o h_n 8._o touch_v the_o premise_n or_o any_o of_o they_o as_o also_o to_o inquire_v by_o the_o oath_n of_o honest_a and_o lawful_a man_n of_o the_o say_a shire_n or_o shire_n place_n or_o place_n where_o such_o default_n or_o annoyance_n be_v as_o well_o within_o liberty_n as_o without_o by_o who_o the_o truth_n may_v rather_o be_v know_v through_o who_o default_n the_o say_a hurt_n and_o damage_n have_v happen_v and_o who_o have_v or_o hold_v any_o land_n or_o tenement_n or_o common_a of_o pasture_n or_o profit_n of_o fish_v or_o have_v or_o may_v have_v any_o hurt_n loss_n or_o disadvantage_n by_o any_o manner_n of_o mean_n in_o the_o say_a place_n as_o well_o near_o to_o the_o say_a danger_n let_n and_o impediment_n as_o inhabit_v or_o dwell_v near_o about_o the_o say_a wall_n etc._n etc._n and_o impediment_n aforesaid_a and_o all_o those_o person_n to_o tax_v assess_v and_o distrain_v in_o a_o former_a clause_n of_o this_o statute_n the_o commission_n give_v power_n to_o survey_v the_o wall_n bank_n ditch_n gutter_n sewer_n goat_n calceys_n bridges_n stream_n in_o which_o clause_n these_o as_o necessary_a defence_n be_v order_v to_o be_v repair_v then_o come_v another_o clause_n wherein_o these_o thing_n be_v recite_v as_o let_n and_o impediment_n videlicet_fw-la stream_n mill_n bridges_n pond_n fishgarth_n mildam_n lock_n hebbingwere_n heck_n and_o floodgate_n so_o that_o by_o these_o two_o clause_n the_o first_o sort_n be_v to_o be_v maintain_v and_o not_o destroy_v and_o the_o second_o sort_n shall_v have_v be_v destroy_v and_o not_o repair_v and_o if_o these_o two_o first_o clause_n have_v be_v alone_o than_o the_o commissioner_n have_v be_v bind_v to_o maintain_v the_o one_o and_o destroy_v the_o other_o without_o any_o toleration_n but_o then_o come_v in_o the_o say_v three_o clause_n which_o be_v the_o clause_n of_o moderation_n and_o therein_o as_o well_o the_o defence_n as_o the_o let_v and_o impediment_n come_v all_o in_o one_o clause_n promiscuous_o put_v together_o and_o so_o the_o word_n amend_v correct_v repair_n and_o put_v down_o be_v therein_o refer_v to_o they_o all_o so_o as_o in_o my_o opinion_n all_o defence_n as_o wall_n bank_n sewer_n calceys_n goat_n etc._n etc._n be_v not_o to_o be_v maintain_v because_o in_o tract_n of_o time_n some_o may_v prove_v unnecessary_a and_o unuseful_a which_o for_o that_o cause_n may_v be_v pull_v down_o so_o all_o mill_n mildam_n floodgate_n wear_v stank_n stake_n kiddel_n and_o such_o like_a be_v not_o to_o be_v put_v down_o and_o overthrow_v but_o such_o as_o be_v ancient_a and_o be_v thereby_o grow_v to_o be_v the_o proper_a inheritance_n of_o man_n and_o such_o also_o which_o be_v useful_a and_o necessary_a be_v to_o be_v maintain_v keep_v and_o repair_v for_o in_o some_o great_a havens_n and_o port_n great_a abundance_n of_o pile_n and_o timberpost_n be_v set_v in_o the_o water_n to_o stay_v the_o rage_n force_n and_o violence_n of_o the_o water_n for_o the_o safeguard_n of_o the_o port_n and_o haven_n it_o be_v a_o very_a ridiculous_a exposition_n of_o this_o law_n to_o urge_v the_o commissioner_n to_o overthrow_v those_o thing_n which_o be_v helpful_a and_o not_o hurful_a for_o this_o statute_n do_v foresee_v that_o these_o mildam_n stake_n stank_n floodgate_n wear_v etc._n etc._n be_v not_o at_o all_o time_n and_o in_o all_o place_n hurtful_a and_o therefore_o be_v the_o say_a clause_n of_o the_o statute_n insert_v which_o give_v the_o commissioner_n power_n to_o put_v down_o such_o as_o be_v let_n and_o annoyance_n in_o truth_n and_o where_o they_o be_v use_v for_o strength_n and_o be_v of_o good_a use_n to_o maintain_v the_o same_o and_o this_o construction_n i_o take_v it_o be_v full_o maintain_v by_o this_o statute_n but_o more_o especial_o by_o the_o statute_n of_o 7_o jacobi_n cap._n 20._o where_o peres_n piles_n jetty_n and_o the_o like_a set_v for_o fortification_n 20._o 7_o jac._n reg._n cap_n 20._o and_o strength_n be_v express_o order_v to_o be_v maintain_v and_o upon_o this_o part_n of_o this_o law_n i_o do_v collect_v these_o ensue_a matter_n first_o that_o if_o one_o do_v erect_v and_o build_v a_o be_v mill_n mildam_n or_o other_o thing_n on_o a_o river_n navigable_a to_o the_o hindrance_n of_o navigation_n or_o if_o there_o be_v a_o ancient_a be_v which_o be_v enhance_v of_o late_a year_n the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n be_v to_o order_v he_o that_o do_v erect_v the_o one_o and_o he_o which_o do_v enhance_v the_o other_o to_o pull_v down_o the_o first_o and_o to_o abate_v the_o excess_n of_o the_o other_o at_o the_o cost_v and_o charge_n of_o the_o owner_n and_o if_o he_o or_o his_o assign_v or_o heir_n shall_v contrary_v to_o the_o decree_n order_n or_o judgement_n of_o the_o commissioner_n after_o the_o same_o have_v be_v reform_v relevy_v the_o same_o again_o or_o do_v continue_v the_o same_o contrary_n to_o order_n the_o punishment_n of_o one_o hundred_o mark_n be_v to_o be_v impose_v upon_o the_o offender_n as_o by_o the_o statute_n of_o 1_o h._n 4._o and_o 12_o h._n 4._o former_o appear_v and_o if_o one_o which_o be_v a_o stranger_n of_o his_o mere_a malice_n or_o own_o 4._o 1_o h._n 4._o 12_o h._n 4._o wrong_n do_v pitch_v down_o pile_n or_o set_v down_o stake_n in_o the_o river_n and_o stream_n he_o be_v to_o be_v fine_v or_o amerce_v for_o this_o offence_n as_o the_o case_n shall_v require_v and_o he_o be_v to_o be_v order_v to_o remove_v the_o nusans_a at_o his_o own_o cost_n and_o charge_n and_o if_o it_o can_v be_v find_v out_o who_o do_v the_o nusans_a than_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n be_v to_o order_v those_o to_o remove_v that_o annoyance_n which_o in_o all_o likelihood_n be_v to_o sustain_v most_o damage_n thereby_o et_fw-la ita_fw-la factum_fw-la fuit_fw-la in_o 42_o lib._n assiz_n plac_fw-la 15._o and_o assiz_n 42_o lib._n assiz_n this_o statute_n extend_v to_o river_n and_o stream_n navigable_a as_o well_o as_o to_o such_o as_o be_v not_o navigable_a and_o touch_v the_o remove_n of_o nuisance_n i_o shall_v put_v the_o commissioner_n some_o precedent_n rule_v and_o adjudge_v in_o our_o book_n of_o law_n which_o come_v full_o to_o the_o purpose_n of_o the_o matter_n and_o thing_n i_o now_o treat_v of_o in_o 32_o ed._n 3._o fol._n 8._o a_o assize_n of_o nusan_o be_v bring_v by_o a._n against_o b._n for_o that_o b._n have_v make_v a_o trench_n over_o a_o river_n 3._o 32_o ed._n 3._o and_o draw_v away_o thereby_o part_n of_o the_o water_n and_o stream_n another_o way_n than_o that_o which_o it_o do_v former_o use_v to_o run_v and_o thereby_o surround_v the_o ground_n of_o a._n and_o the_o assize_n pass_v for_o the_o plaintiff_n &_o it_o be_v adjudge_v that_o the_o water_n shall_v be_v remove_v into_o the_o ancient_a current_n &_o channel_n at_o the_o cost_n of_o the_o defendant_n and_o the_o plaintiff_n recover_v his_o damage_n et_fw-la quod_fw-la defendens_fw-la capiatur_fw-la out_o of_o which_o case_n i_o observe_v these_o thing_n first_o though_o a_o assize_n be_v a_o private_a action_n yet_o the_o nusan_o be_v tamburlaine_n querenti_fw-la quam_fw-la populo_fw-la to_o the_o plaintiff_n for_o drown_v and_o surround_v of_o his_o ground_n to_o the_o people_n in_o change_v or_o divert_v the_o ancient_a course_n of_o the_o water_n so_o that_o for_o the_o people_n the_o offendor_n be_v order_v to_o reform_v the_o nusans_a to_o the_o king_n he_o be_v fine_v and_o the_o plaintiff_n for_o his_o own_o private_a
not_o parcel_n wales_n wales_n thereof_o till_o the_o statute_n of_o 12._o e._n 1._o so_o make_v it_o and_o although_o that_o statute_n so_o annex_v wales_n to_o england_n yet_o be_v but_o by_o the_o word_n or_o figure_n adjuncta_fw-la the_o law_n of_o england_n be_v not_o total_o in_o force_n there_o till_o the_o statute_n 27._o h._n 8._o so_o declare_v they_o as_o be_v hold_v in_o rice_n thomas_n case_n in_o plo._n com._n but_o notwithstanding_o whether_o wales_n be_v within_o my_o statute_n or_o not_o be_v questionable_a for_o these_o reason_n follow_v first_o it_o be_v clear_a that_o a_o general_a law_n unstint_v and_o unbounded_a shall_v extend_v to_o wales_n as_o well_o as_o to_o england_n but_o our_o law_n grant_v commission_n within_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n and_o so_o precise_o prescribe_v it_o to_o bound_n and_o it_o may_v seem_v that_o the_o parliament_n take_v it_o so_o in_o 1._o mar._n cap._n 11._o where_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n be_v authorize_v in_o the_o county_n of_o glamorgan_n which_o as_o may_v be_v object_v need_v not_o if_o wales_n have_v be_v former_o comprise_v and_o some_o new_a statute_n as_o that_o of_o alehouse_n in_o 1._o ja._n cap._n 9_o and_o that_o of_o rogue_n 1._o ja._n cap._n 7._o extend_v the_o same_o to_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n and_o dominion_n of_o wales_n as_o if_o wales_n shall_v not_o be_v contain_v in_o the_o word_n the_o realm_n of_o england_n yet_o notwithstanding_o in_o my_o opinion_n this_o statute_n of_o 23._o h._n 8._o extend_v to_o wales_n for_o although_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o 1._o mar._n give_v power_n to_o commissioner_n in_o glamorganshire_n that_o be_v for_o a_o special_a purpose_n which_o as_o be_v conceive_v the_o statute_n of_o 23._o h._n 8._o do_v not_o in_o england_n extend_v thereunto_o that_o as_o for_o the_o carry_v away_o of_o the_o sand_n which_o be_v throw_v upon_o their_o ground_n but_o in_o that_o statute_n it_o may_v well_o be_v perceive_v that_o the_o statute_n of_o 23._o h._n 8._o be_v of_o force_n there_o and_o insert_v the_o word_n dominion_n of_o wales_n in_o the_o say_a statute_n of_o poor_a and_o rogue_n be_v rather_o of_o superabundance_n to_o satisfy_v some_o which_o may_v nodum_fw-la in_o scirpo_fw-la querere_fw-la make_v a_o doubt_n where_o none_o be_v then_o that_o they_o be_v there_o put_v for_o any_o necessity_n require_v the_o same_o but_o i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o in_o this_o new_a spring_v up_o island_n the_o law_n of_o england_n be_v there_o in_o force_n because_o when_o it_o be_v sea_n the_o same_o be_v under_o the_o government_n of_o these_o law_n and_o although_o the_o nature_n and_o quality_n thereof_o be_v change_v viz._n dry_v land_n for_o full_a sea_n yet_o the_o same_o law_n and_o government_n remain_v in_o force_n so_o that_o i_o hold_v this_o new_a island_n within_o the_o statute_n and_o that_o the_o property_n thereof_o be_v the_o king_n now_o occasion_n and_o time_n give_v i_o fit_a opportunity_n to_o treat_v of_o ground_n which_o be_v new_o gain_v from_o the_o sea_n if_o as_o i_o have_v former_o declare_v the_o ground_n be_v the_o king_n when_o they_o be_v cover_v with_o water_n it_o must_v needs_o be_v hold_v a_o infallible_a ground_n that_o they_o be_v also_o the_o king_n when_o the_o water_n have_v leave_v they_o dry_a and_o when_o the_o water_n have_v their_o be_v on_o the_o same_o the_o whole_a profit_n there_o arise_v do_v appertain_v to_o the_o king_n yet_o i_o have_v know_v in_o some_o country_n where_o the_o frontager_n have_v claim_v those_o ground_n so_o leave_v by_o a_o pretend_a custom_n of_o frontager_n and_o some_o probable_a reason_n may_v be_v show_v wherefore_o they_o shall_v have_v the_o same_o for_o as_o their_o ground_n be_v near_a the_o sea_n and_o so_o next_o to_o the_o charge_n to_o repair_v the_o defence_n and_o next_o to_o the_o loss_n where_o any_o overflow_v happen_v it_o may_v therefore_o seem_v reasonable_a that_o as_o they_o be_v put_v to_o the_o great_a charge_n and_o in_o peril_n of_o the_o loss_n of_o their_o land_n that_o so_o if_o land_n be_v leave_v by_o the_o sea_n affront_v they_o that_o these_o land_n may_v accrue_v unto_o they_o as_o a_o reciprocal_a consideration_n for_o their_o charge_n and_o loss_n but_o i_o take_v it_o that_o of_o late_a the_o law_n have_v in_o these_o case_n be_v oftentime_o rule_v for_o the_o king_n against_o the_o subject_a for_o at_o cross_v in_o the_o county_n of_o lincoln_n 1600._o acre_n be_v gain_v from_o the_o sea_n affront_v the_o manor_n of_o sir_n valentine_n brown_n there_o yet_o he_o be_v put_v to_o obtain_v a_o grant_n from_o the_o king_n thereof_o and_o one_o bushey_n of_o st._n kegneys_n claim_v ground_n leave_v by_o the_o sea_n by_o the_o say_v pretend_a custom_n of_o frontage_n but_o they_o be_v decree_v against_o he_o in_o the_o court_n of_o ward_n in_o 12._o jac._n r._n in_o which_o case_n i_o be_v of_o counsel_n for_o it_o be_v inconvenient_a that_o the_o subject_n shall_v have_v frontage_n and_o yet_o no_o bound_n prescribe_v thereto_o so_o that_o ten_o thousand_o acre_n may_v be_v leave_v affront_n a_o man_n manor_n which_o be_v not_o fit_v a_o subject_n shall_v have_v this_o large_a inheritance_n by_o pretence_n of_o such_o allow_a custom_n and_o i_o suppose_v i_o may_v herein_o say_v in_o this_o case_n as_o mr._n plowden_n do_v of_o his_o silver_n mine_n that_o it_o be_v inconvenient_a a_o subject_n shall_v have_v the_o silver_n mine_n in_o his_o ground_n for_o so_o may_v he_o become_v rich_a than_o the_o king_n so_o it_o be_v not_o fit_v that_o a_o subject_n shall_v have_v the_o ground_n leave_v by_o the_o sea_n when_o so_o much_o may_v happen_v to_o be_v leave_v as_o the_o king_n own_o land_n in_o the_o realm_n come_v to_o and_o so_o because_o nimium_fw-la se_fw-la exaltat_fw-la in_o prerogativam_fw-la regis_fw-la i_o be_o of_o opinion_n the_o new_a gain_v ground_n from_o the_o sea_n appertain_v to_o the_o king_n as_o a_o royal_a escheat_n and_o not_o to_o the_o subject_n but_o in_o my_o case_n here_o be_v a_o prescription_n where_o the_o owner_n of_o the_o manor_n have_v incrementum_fw-la &_o decrementum_fw-la maris_fw-la of_o what_o force_n this_o be_v of_o be_v now_o to_o be_v argue_v therefore_o i_o will_v now_o declare_v what_o interest_n a_o subject_n can_v or_o may_v challenge_v in_o the_o sea_n in_o ground_n gain_v therefrom_o personal_n profit_v arise_v on_o the_o sea_n subject_n may_v have_v and_o challenge_v by_o custom_n and_o prescription_n as_o to_o have_v free_a pischary_n on_o the_o sea_n and_o a_o parson_n have_v tithe_n of_o fish_n get_v in_o the_o sea_n by_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o his_o parish_n &_o yet_o the_o sea_n nor_o any_o part_n thereof_o be_v not_o in_o any_o parish_n but_o it_o follow_v the_o person_n in_o sir_n henry_n constable_n case_n the_o citizen_n of_o bristol_n case_n sir_n henry_n constables_z case_n claim_v flotsan_n which_o be_v good_n float_v in_o the_o sea_n by_o custom_n in_o bracton_n chap._n 12._o one_o allege_v to_o be_v discharge_v bracton_n bracton_n of_o toll_n or_o custom_n on_o the_o sea_n by_o prescription_n in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o swan_n in_o sir_n edward_n cook_n 7._o report_n one_o prescribe_v to_o have_v a_o game_n of_o wild_a swan_n at_o abbotberry_n in_o a_o creek_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v a_o member_n or_o arm_n of_o swan_n case_n of_o swan_n the_o sea_n and_o in_o sir_n henry_n constable_n aforesaid_a it_o be_v take_v and_o receive_v for_o law_n that_o a_o subject_n manor_n may_v extend_v to_o the_o low_a water-mark_a by_o prescription_n and_o see_v all_o these_o a_o subject_n may_v have_v in_o and_o on_o the_o sea_n wherefore_o then_o shall_v he_o not_o have_v all_o the_o ground_n leave_v by_o the_o sea_n by_o prescription_n to_o that_o i_o answer_v that_o he_o can_v have_v claim_n in_o any_o thing_n by_o prescription_n and_o custom_n but_o that_o which_o lie_v in_o use_n which_o be_v the_o life_n of_o they_o both_o but_o land_n and_o ground_n which_o have_v always_o be_v sea_n can_v not_o be_v nor_o lie_v in_o use_n and_o therefore_o they_o can_v be_v claim_v nor_o the_o same_o can_v be_v bound_v out_o by_o prescription_n or_o custom_n yet_o land_n between_o the_o high-water_n mark_v and_o low-water_n mark_v the_o bound_n thereof_o may_v be_v prescribe_v to_o belong_v to_o or_o to_o be_v parcel_n of_o the_o manor_n because_o in_o every_o twelve_o hour_n or_o in_o every_o day_n they_o lie_v dry_a and_o so_o a_o subject_a all_o that_o time_n may_v have_v use_n of_o they_o and_o so_o of_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o say_a thing_n but_o in_o that_o which_o never_o lie_v in_o use_n no_o custom_n or_o prescription_n can_v take_v hold_v on_o insomuch_o that_o in_o my_o opinion_n no_o prescription_n
or_o custom_n can_v fetch_v land_n further_o than_o the_o low_a water-mark_a ground_n leave_v but_o now_o what_o ground_n shall_v be_v say_v a_o leave_v by_o the_o sea_n be_v a_o point_n in_o my_o case_n also_o for_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o at_o springtide_n the_o sea_n use_v to_o overflow_v the_o marsh_n in_o lincolnshire_n and_o norfolk_n and_o return_v within_o a_o short_a space_n again_o these_o be_v usual_a and_o annual_a be_v not_o account_v ground_n leave_v or_o gain_v from_o the_o sea_n so_o because_o the_o marsh_n in_o lincolnshire_n and_o the_o sand_n in_o lincolnshire_n be_v overflow_v every_o twelve_o hour_n and_o then_o dry_a again_o be_v not_o account_v ground_n leave_v or_o gain_v from_o the_o sea_n because_o the_o sea_n have_v daily_o her_o recourse_n thereon_o and_o therefore_o in_o 15_o and_o 16_o eliz._n in_o dier_n foe_n 326._o 326._o 15._o eliz._n dyer_n 326._o in_o the_o case_n there_o be_v a_o quantity_n of_o ground_n be_v leave_v by_o the_o sea_n and_o whether_o the_o king_n or_o he_o who_o ground_n be_v adjoin_v shall_v have_v they_o be_v there_o make_v a_o question_n but_o in_o that_o case_n there_o be_v a_o excellent_a precedent_n set_v down_o very_o apt_a for_o the_o handle_n of_o this_o point_n put_v in_o 43_o e._n 3._o contra_fw-la 3._o 43._o e._n 3._o abbot'de_fw-mi ramsey_n de_fw-fr quodam_fw-la processu_fw-la in_o scacario_fw-la facto_fw-la versus_fw-la dict'_fw-it abbot_n ad_fw-la ostendendum_fw-la quare_fw-la sexagint_n '_o acrae_fw-la marisci_fw-la in_o manus_fw-la dom_n '_o regis_fw-la non_fw-la debent_fw-la sesiri_fw-la quas_fw-la predict_v '_o abbess_n appropriavit_fw-la sibi_fw-la &_o domui_fw-la suae_fw-la sine_fw-la licentia_fw-la regis_fw-la super_fw-la quandam_fw-la presentation_n virtute_fw-la cujusdam_fw-la generalis_fw-la commission_n '_o de_fw-fr terris_fw-la à _fw-la rege_fw-la detentis_fw-la &_o concelatis_fw-la abbas_n respondit_fw-la quod_fw-la ipse_fw-la tenet_fw-la manner_n '_o de_fw-fr braunce_v quod_fw-la scituatum_fw-la est_fw-la juxta_fw-la mare_fw-la et_fw-la quod_fw-la est_fw-la ibid._n quidam_fw-la mariscus_fw-la qui_fw-la aliquando_fw-la per_fw-la fluxum_fw-la maris_fw-la minoratur_fw-la &_o aliquando_fw-la per_fw-la de_fw-la fluxum_fw-la maris_fw-la augetur_fw-la absque_fw-la hoc_fw-la quod_fw-la appropriavit_fw-la sibi_fw-la prout_fw-la per_fw-la presentation_n '_o predic_n '_o supponebatur_fw-la and_o the_o attorney_n of_o the_o king_n maintain_v the_o contrary_a and_o thereupon_o the_o king_n and_o the_o abbot_n be_v at_o a_o issue_n so_o by_o the_o case_n i_o gather_v these_o matter_n first_o that_o if_o by_o little_a the_o sea_n sometime_o decrease_v and_o leave_v some_o parcel_n to_o the_o land_n and_o some_o other_o time_n run_v over_o the_o same_o again_o this_o ground_n belong_v not_o to_o the_o king_n for_o these_o be_v ground_n whereto_o the_o subject_n may_v have_v a_o property_n as_o in_o the_o ground_n of_o the_o shore_n but_o otherwise_o it_o be_v where_o great_a quantity_n of_o ground_n which_o have_v always_o be_v drown_v before_o be_v leave_v that_o belong_v to_o the_o king_n also_o by_o this_o precedent_n the_o law_n be_v take_v to_o be_v that_o these_o ground_n leave_v by_o the_o sea_n to_o the_o land_n be_v in_o the_o county_n of_o norfolk_n whereto_o they_o do_v adjoyn_v and_o in_o my_o opinion_n within_o that_o parish_n whereto_o they_o lie_v for_o there_o be_v a_o presentment_n which_o be_v by_o a_o jury_n of_o nofolk_n and_o the_o jury_n take_v to_o try_v a_o issue_n must_v be_v de_fw-la viceneto_fw-la ejusdem_fw-la commitatus_fw-la but_o note_v there_o the_o presentment_n be_v by_o a_o jury_n de_fw-fr corpore_fw-la commitatus_fw-la in_o 22._o lib._n assis_n pl._n 93._o the_o case_n be_v that_o 93._o 22._o lib._n ass_n pl._n 93._o a_o river_n of_o water_n do_v run_v between_o two_o lordship_n and_o the_o soil_n of_o one_o side_n together_o with_o the_o river_n of_o water_n do_v whole_o belong_v to_o one_o of_o the_o say_a lordship_n and_o the_o river_n by_o little_a and_o little_o do_v gather_v upon_o the_o soil_n of_o the_o other_o lord_n but_o so_o slow_o that_o if_o one_o have_v fix_v his_o eye_n a_o whole_a day_n thereon_o together_o it_o can_v not_o be_v perceive_v by_o this_o petty_a and_o unperceivable_a increase_n the_o increasement_n be_v get_v to_o the_o owner_n of_o the_o river_n but_o if_o the_o river_n by_o a_o sudden_a and_o unusual_a flood_n have_v gain_v hasty_o a_o great_a parcel_n of_o the_o other_o lord_n ground_n he_o shall_v not_o thereby_o have_v lose_v the_o same_o and_o so_o of_o petty_a and_o unperceivable_a increasement_n from_o the_o sea_n the_o king_n gain_v no_o property_n for_o de_fw-fr minimis_fw-la non_fw-la curate_n rex_fw-la but_o put_v the_o case_n the_o sea_n overflow_v a_o field_n where_o divers_a man_n gound_n lie_v promiscuous_o and_o there_o continue_v so_o long_o that_o the_o same_o be_v account_v parcel_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o then_o after_o many_o year_n the_o sea_n go_v back_o and_o leave_v the_o same_o but_o the_o ground_n be_v so_o deface_v as_o the_o bound_n thereof_o be_v clean_o extinct_a and_o grow_v out_o of_o knowledge_n it_o may_v be_v the_o king_n shall_v have_v those_o ground_n yet_o in_o history_n i_o find_v that_o nilus_n every_o year_n so_o overflow_v the_o ground_n adjoin_v that_o their_o bound_n be_v deface_v thereby_o yet_o they_o be_v able_a to_o set_v they_o out_o by_o the_o art_n of_o geometry_n these_o ground_n in_o my_o case_n which_o be_v leave_v by_o the_o sea_n and_o chester_n the_o prince_n count_v palatine_n of_o chester_n lie_v from_o the_o haven_n next_o to_o the_o shore_n be_v as_o i_o have_v former_o deliver_v it_o within_o the_o county_n palatine_n of_o chester_n and_o therefore_o whether_o the_o prince_n or_o the_o king_n shall_v have_v they_o be_v now_o my_o question_n the_o prince_n have_v not_o only_a jura_n regalia_z but_o also_o escheta_n regalia_z within_o his_o say_a palatinate_n and_o so_o in_o my_o opinion_n be_v not_o only_a owner_n of_o the_o county_n but_o lord_n of_o the_o prerogative_n there_o and_o all_o jurisdiction_n be_v to_o the_o prince_n only_o a_o writ_n of_o error_n lie_v in_o the_o king_n bench_n of_o a_o judgement_n there_o like_o a_o appeal_n to_o caesar_n than_o he_o be_v lord_n of_o those_o law_n by_o which_o the_o freehold_a and_o inheritance_n of_o those_o land_n be_v rule_v wherefore_o then_o shall_v not_o these_o land_n belong_v to_o his_o grace_n and_o first_o it_o be_v usual_a to_o have_v a_o commission_n direct_v to_o inquire_v of_o these_o land_n ut_fw-mi de_fw-mi terris_fw-la concelatis_fw-la and_o this_o inquiry_n shall_v be_v by_o commission_n if_o that_o commission_n be_v to_o issue_n out_o of_o the_o county_n palatine_n of_o chester_n than_o the_o land_n will_v questionless_a fall_n to_o the_o prince_n and_o the_o inquiry_n to_o be_v make_v of_o the_o freeholder_n of_o the_o say_a county_n palatine_n the_o case_n put_v in_o barkleys_n case_n in_o the_o comment_n of_o mr._n plowden_n foe_n 129._o do_v force_n much_o against_o the_o prince_n title_n for_o there_o it_o be_v put_v that_o the_o bishop_n of_o durham_n have_v liberties_n and_o privilege_n in_o terris_fw-la suis_fw-la inter_fw-la fluvios_fw-la de_fw-la tyne_n de_fw-fr tese_n and_o afterward_o purchase_v more_o land_n between_o these_o two_o river_n the_o say_a liberty_n and_o privilege_n shall_v not_o extend_v thereto_o and_o so_o if_o one_o have_v a_o warren_n in_o his_o land_n in_o dayle_n and_o he_o purchase_v other_o land_n there_o his_o warren_n can_v be_v extend_v upon_o these_o new_a purchase_a land_n for_o say_v the_o book_n thing_n or_o privilege_n confine_v to_o certain_a precinct_n or_o dominion_n can_v be_v extend_v further_o though_o the_o dominion_n be_v enlarge_v and_o that_o they_o shall_v not_o be_v enlarge_v with_o the_o enlargement_n but_o the_o county_n palatine_n vest_v in_o the_o prince_n be_v prescribe_v within_o no_o other_o bound_n then_o the_o word_n county_n do_v confine_v it_o and_o therefore_o this_o fall_v to_o be_v within_o the_o county_n shall_v be_v proper_o he_o and_o as_o i_o be_o imform_v the_o prince_n have_v special_a word_n therefore_o in_o his_o charter_n if_o it_o be_v grant_v that_o these_o ground_n can_v be_v claim_v by_o charter_n but_o i_o be_o clear_a of_o opinion_n that_o no_o increase_n of_o the_o new_a leave_v ground_n can_v possible_o become_v within_o the_o county_n of_o the_o city_n of_o chester_n for_o the_o bound_n thereof_o can_v extend_v over_o that_o circle_n which_o their_o charter_n have_v confine_v they_o to_o and_o so_o for_o the_o cause_n and_o reason_n former_o declare_v i_o take_v it_o that_o the_o say_a island_n be_v the_o king_n the_o ground_n leave_v between_o the_o haven_n and_o the_o ancient_a shore_n belong_v to_o the_o prince_n as_o earl_n of_o chester_n and_o the_o shore_n because_o of_o the_o say_a prescription_n appertain_v to_o c._n the_o subject_a as_o parcel_n of_o the_o say_a manor_n and_o so_o