worke seueral thinges in one instant as if a disseisor make a lease for yeres and after he and the disseisee release by one deed to the tenant for yeres the Law adiudgeth the release of the disseisor first to take effect and after the release of the disseisee for there is no priuity nor estate in the lessee vpon which the release of the disseisee may inure if the Law doe not make such construction If the tenant for thirtie yeres make a lease for tenne yeares and they both surrender to him in the reuersion the surrender is good for both estates and yet the lessee for tenne yeares coulde not surrender by himselfe for defaulte of priuitie but when the other ioineth with him his surrender shall hee taken to goe before and the other to followe it Likewise if the tenaunt for terme of life surrender to the grauntee of the reuersion this is both an Attournement and also a Surrender So if a man haue land by discent by the Mother side and leaseth it for yeares the lessee couenanteth and graunteth to pay yerely to the lessour and his heires xx s. the lessor dyeth the Law in a moment will conuey the reuersion to the heire of the part of the Mother and the twenty shillings to the heire of the Fathers side because it is a sūme in grosse 8 By intendement and admittance of Law a thing suspended may bee reuiued for if the donour disseise the donee in taile and after maketh a feoffement and the tenant in taile reentreth nowe the feoffee shall haue the reuersion So if the heire in taile entreth vpon the discontinuee and maketh a feoffement vpon condition and for the condition broken reentreth and after a recouerie is had by the discontinuee the issue in taile is now restored to his first action and the entaile is reuiued for by the breach of the condition the feoffement is disanulled Tenant for life the remainder in taile the remainder in fee to the heires of the tenant for terme of life graunteth a rent charge in fee this shall charge the land during his life but it shall be suspended during the entaile and after the entaile determined it shall be reuiued and shall charge the heire of the tenant for life 9 The Law altereth the nature or substance of a thing by matter ex post facto A man seised of lande in right of his wife entreth into religion the wife alieneth the husbande is deraigned the husband may reenter into the land So if a man bee indebted to a villaine who recouereth in an action of debt and after the debtour purchaseth the mannor to which the villain is regardant and after alieneth it the villaine may nowe haue execution If a man make a lease for terme of an other mans life rendring rent and the arrerages incurre the lessor shall not haue an action of debt because he hath a franktenement in the rent but if Cesty que vie die now is the freehold as to the rent conuerted into a chattell and nowe he shall haue an action of debt Likewise a deuorce altereth the estate of frankemariage into a bare freehoold If a man adde a condition to a single Obligation after the deliuery this maketh the Obligation void for now it is not his deed and the same Law is of the rasing or enterlining of a condition after the deliuery of the Obligation If land bee giuen to one in taile and the donee giueth the land to the donour and to a straunger for terme of their liues this is a discontinuance conditionall namely if the straunger suruiue If the Sheriffe attache one by force of a Capias that is iustistable but if hee returne a Non est inuentus vpon the writ he is a trespassour ab initio If I. disseise I. S. and leuie a fine to I. N. and after I. S. entreth vpon I. N. and enfeoffeth me and I. N. entreth vpon me and I bring my Assise and I. N. pleadeth the fine in barre I may auoide the fine by shewing the matter aforesaid If a fine be leuyed of land in auncient demesne and the Lord disanulleth the fine leuied at the Common Lawe he hath restored the right to him that leuied the fine If hee which abateth after the death of the tenant in fee simple make a Feoffement vpon condition to be perfourmed within nine yeres ensuing and after the feoffee leuieth a fine with Proclamations and the fiue yeares incurre the condition is broken and the abator reentreth now the heire of him that dyed seysed may haue an Assise of Mordauncestor against the abator whereas before hee was bounde by the fine Tenant in tayle maketh a Feoffement and taketh backe an estate in fee and bindeth him selfe in statute Marchant and then maketh a Feoffement vpon condition and after the recognisance is put in execution and the tenant in taile dyeth and the heire in taile being within age entreth for the condition broken he is remitted and the recognisans auoided but otherwise it had bin if he had bin of full age for then he comming in vnder the Estoppell should not haue auoided the Estoppel nor by consequence the recognisans If my very tenant be seised of a Manor held of the King in Capite and of an other Manor held of me by knightes seruice and he is disseised of the Mannor helde of the King and afterward dyeth seised of the Manor held of mee wherevpon I seise the body of the heire and after the heire within age recouereth the Mannor held of the King nowe the King may haue my lande also in Warde because the heire shall nowe be adiudged to bee in by discent and the King shall haue the Wardeshippe of the body If my Horse strike one and after I sell the Horse and afterwarde the partye that was stroken dyeth of the stroke nowe shall the Horse be forfayted as a Deodand If a villaine inflicte vpon himselfe a mortall wounde and the Lorde seyseth his goods and then the Villaine dyeth nowe shall the Queene haue his goods because hee is Felo de se A man administreth of his owne wrong and after taketh letters of Administration of the Ordinarie this shall relate to the death of the intestate the heire chargeth land which is after recouered in a writ of Dower the woman shal holde it discharged Thus it is euident that the vnderstanding of the Lawe worketh especially vpon relations on the first causes of thinges reducing through many straites of colourable pretenses and obiections the right of a thing to him to whom it appertaineth according to the qualitie and exigence of the said right and title so that the vnderstanding of the Student when it entreth into the suruey of these intricate and hidden pointes must bee of this abilitie to compound thinges and to resolue them by imagination to builde and destroy and to turne sayle
principall reason inseperable truth of euery thing which the vnderstanding straineth out of the secret and hidden causes of thinges for as in hearbes if we touch them outwardly we do not finde nor feele any moisture in them but rather take them to be vrie vntill by pressing or distilling of them we wring out a iuyce proper to their nature So the Law doth conceiue and conclude many things of ordinarie contingents which common sense can not perceiue but rather imagineth them to be clean contrary to the truth whereas they may to a good vnderstaÌ„ding easily appeare to be true by the certaintie necessary coordination of their causes and reasons That this may be made euident I mean to annexe some particulars for the explaning therof 1 It is cleere by Law that a terme and a freehold of the selfe same thing may be both in one man at one time yet if this be deliuered to a superficiall vnderstanding it will seeme a paradoxe Tenant for terme of yeres maketh his executors dyeth the executors purchaseth the reuersion in this case both the terme fee-simple are in the executor to seueral purposes for the terme shal be assets to the vse of the testator the fee simple free inheritance for the vse of the executor his heires And if a man be seised of land of an estate for life the remainder to his executors for yeres he may deuise this term or assigne it And if lessee for yeres grant his terme to the wife of him in the reuersion to a stranger the inheritance of the husband can not extinguish the moitie of the terme because he hath the inheritance in his owne right the terme in right of his wife A man seised of land in right of his wife is attainted of felony the king seiseth the land pro vita viri the king hath but a chattel the wife the freehold for if a stranger enter the husband dye the wife shall haue an Assise 2 Likewise it will seeme strange though in Law reason it be true that a man should be remitted to his land to some intent yet not to an other As if a recouerie be had vpon a false title against tenant in taile the tenant in taile dyeth the issue entreth he is in of his first right against all but onely the recoueror So if tenant in taile discontinue his sonne heir apparant disseiseth the discontinuee to the vse of the father the tenaÌ„t in taile dieth the sonne by M. Chookes opinion is in his remitter against all but onely the discontinuee the issue in taile which hath good cause of a Formedon in the discender is of couin that A. should disseise the discontinuee against whom he recouereth he shall not be remitted in respect of him but shal be accompted a disseisor but against all others it seemeth that he is remitted Tenant in taile maketh a feoffement to the vse of his wife and his sonne being heire apparant to the intaile and dyeth the issue is remitted against all persons but onely the woman A title may be executed to some intent and yet not executed to an other And therefore if there be tenant for terme of life the remainder in fee to a stranger against whom a recouerie is had pro loco tempore in a Warrantia chartae brought by a stranger of other land he in the remainder dyeth the recouerer is impleaded and voucheth the heire of him in the remainder and recouereth tenant for life dyeth execution shall be â—ued against the heire of the land whereof his auncestor had a remainder because there was a remainder executed in the father to this intent at the time of the Warrantia chartae brought but to all other intents it was executory for it was not executed that the wife might be endowed nor for him in the remainder to bring a writ of right But the remainder in such cases is to some intents executed for if he in the remainder had aliened his remainder in Mortmaine the lord might haue entred and vpon such a remainder the lord may haue a Cessauit but the heire shall not haue an Assise of Mortdauncester 4 A thing may be extinct or in suspence in one respect and in Esse in an other respect the father being tenant in taile alieneth the land with warrantie and hath a rent charge in fee issuing out of the land of his sonne and heire apparant which rent discendeth to the sonne this rent is a good assets for the value in respect of the discontinuee and yet it is extinct in respect of the issue A man seised of a rent seruice is bound in statute staple and after purchaseth the land out of which the rent is issuing after execution the rent is extinct as to the conusor but in Esse as to the conusee A corrodie is graunted to I. S. for life who graunteth it backe to the grauntor for terme of yeares rendring rent the corrodie is in Esse as to the payment of the rent but in suspence as to the taking of the corrodie And it was lately ruled in one Caires case in the Court of wardes that if a man held land of the Queene by a certaine rent and the Queene graunteth the rent to a stranger who graunteth it to the tenant the rent is extinct as to the payment but in Esse as to the tenure The King seised of a forrest graunted the office of the forrester to one rendring rent and he graunteth the forrest to an other the forrester forfayteth his office yet the grauntor shall haue the rent So that it must needes be that the office to the intendment of law is to that intent in Esse And if a man graunt to an other a rent out of his land in fee vpon condition that if the grauntee or any of his heires dye their heire being wythin age the rent shall cease during the minoritie if the grauntee dye hys heire wythin age his wyfe shall haue dower but cessabit executio during the nonage But in this case it seemeth that if the heyre dye during his nonage the wyfe of the heire shall not haue dower of the rent because it was neuer leuiable by the sonne as it was by the father A man seysed of two acres of lande hath issue two daughters and dyeth now the rent is in suspence as to one moitie and in Esse as to an other moitie 5 The intendement of the Law is as stronge in a matter of law as the trueth it selfe in a matter in facto And therfore if A. be disseised and hys brother maketh a release with warrantie to the disseisee and afterward entreth into religion this warrantie shall be a barre to A. although that hee be lyuing for A. may haue his land by discent and therefore it seemeth to be reason that the warrantie should discende
vpon him as his heyre Note here of what validitie the intendement of Law is touching a ciuill death The Wardein of the Fleete who hath the office in fee dyeth seised and the office discendeth to his sonne and heire being then in prison the Law doth presently discharge him of imprisonment because he is to be at large the better to looke to others that be in pryson A man maketh a lease to one for terme of life rendring the first seauen yeares a rose and if he will hold the land any longer then seauen yeares that then he shall pay foure Markes yerely liuerie is made the lessee surrendreth at the ende of the first seauen yeares his estate was adiudged to be but a terme ab initio and no freehold and the writ of couenant brought against him for not repayring was qui tenuit ad terminum annorum If a man make a lease of land excepting the trees which grow vpon the land the trees are seuered in law for he hath no reuersion of them and if he sell them and after the sale make a feoffement the feoffee shall not haue them because they were seuered by the vendition or sale of them for by the exception they were seuered from the terme but not from the inheritance but by the vendition they were seuered from the inheritance If the Baylife of the land doe demaunde a rent seruice and the tenant denyeth it and the Baylife sayth that hee will distraine for it and the tenant sayth that hee shall not distrayne wherefore the Baylife dare not proceede further to take a distresse for doubt of death thys is a disseystn of the rent in the eye of the Lawe And if a rent seruice be warranted to one and the land doth escheat the Law as M. Finchden thinketh transferreth the warrantie to the land 6. One thing in the vnderstanding of Law may be of seuerall natures in seueral respects and so one writ may be two seuerall writs to two seuerall intents In an action of debt the declaration was of x. li. vpon a sale and v. li. which he had deliuered to the defendaut to redeliuer and it was held good because the action was in the debet and detinet and the warrantie of atturney and the essoine in this case shall be in placito debiti Quaere If a man lease land to one for terme of yeares rendring rent and the lessor graunteth his rent to a stranger and the lessee surrendreth this doth not extinguish the rent for now it is a rent seck which doth not depend vpon the reuersion And so one man to the vnderstanding of Law may haue seuerall capacities or respects For if a man disseise a feme sole being an inheritrix of certaine land and after he taketh her to wife and they haue issue and the husband is disseised and the disseisor leuieth a fine wyth proclamations the husband dyeth fower yeres after the proclamations and before the fifth yere be passed the issue being of full age and after the wife dyeth and the fifth yere passeth now the issue is bound as heire to his father yet he may haue other fiue yeres as heire to his mother to be accompted from the death of his Father So if I. S. be tenant of land for terme of an other mans life the remainder to an other for life the remainder to the said I. S. for terme of his life or in fee and he is disseised and the disseisor leuieth a fine with Proclamations and the fiue yeares incurre now is I. S. bound for the present estate but if he in the mesne remainder for life die hee shall haue other fiue yeres for the other estate So if a man haue an estate in land for the life of A. the reuersion to himselfe for the life of B. the remainder to himselfe for the life of C. and is disseised and the disseisour leuieth a fine with Proclamations he shal haue fiue yeares seuerally after euerie seuerall estate determined I. S. giueth land to A. his daughter in taile and hath issue B. another daughter and dieth A. dieth hauing issue C. a Precipe is brought against C. who voucheth to warrantie her selfe and B. as heires to the donour of the reuersion to haue the warrantie paramount in this case is C. both the vouchor and the vouchee A terme is deuised to one who is made executor he entreth this is an administration and an execution of the terme vnto him and he is both deuisee and executor A. couenanteth by Indenture with B. that the sonne of A. shal marrie the daughter of B. and that therefore B. shall giue vnto A. an 100. li. if the marriage did not take effect before such a day that then A. and his heires should stand seised to the vse of B. and his heires vntill the hundred pound be payed by A. his heires or executours B. dyeth and after the marriage taketh not effect the vse and possession of the land vesteth in the heire of B. but Quaere saith Brooke whether he shall be in ward or no for he is an heire and yet he is a purchasor If I. S. be Deane of P. I may giue him land to him and his successours and to him and to his heires there hee taketh both as Deane and as a priuate man and is tenant in common with him selfe so if a rent charge be graunted in such manner he shal ioine with himselfe in an Auowry Likewise the Lawe may deny one a benefite as he is I. S. and yet allow it vnto him as he is executor to I. N. and therefore if an executour be Outlawed or Excommunicated which be disabilities in Law yet as an executour hee may maintaine an action because he sueth and is to recouer to the vse of an other person and so an executour may haue an action of trespasse in his owne name without nameing his companion in the executorshippe if goods be taken out of his possession For he is possessed of them as a priuate man but he is possessed of them to the vse of an other as executour And he need not in the case aforesaid name himselfe executour For if he do it may tend to the abatement of the writ according to M. Kebles opiniō who saith that the possession of one of the executors his meaning is as he is executor is the possession of both and herewith agreeth the opinion of Newton but by their fauors though the propertie of the executors in the goods of the testator be one and the same yet the possession may be seueral for he that hath the custody of goods may only be said to be in real and actual possession of the same which kinde of possession is onely heare meant for which cause a writ of Detinue that concerneth the possession of goods shall bee brought only against that executor who is possest of the goods 7 The Law may
appeare by that saying of Salust sentencing the proceeding of the Romaines in a matter of estate fit reus magis aequo bonoque quam iure gentium Bomilcar comes eius qui Romam â—ide publica venerat this is not so much comprehended in writing as in the true vnderstanding of that which is written It is necessary by the iudgement of an other Law which saith Etsi nihil facile mutandum est ex solennibus tamen vbi aequitas euidens poscit subueniendum est and againe iustus iudex aequitatem solutius sequitur This though it haue place somtimes in the precepts rules and cases of the ciuil and common Laws yet it hath more affinity with the Law of nature and the Law of nations which are ignorant of the knots and intricate points of these aforesaid Lawes Now that we haue discoursed of these seueral Lawes it remaineth that we should shew what things are the principall obiects of the Law which may be reduced to two heads for either they are real or personall That which is reall is either land or that which issueth out of land land is either firme and fixed earth or that which is immediatly and coherently annexed to the earth as houses By the differences of this diuision a pischarie or fishing is excluded whether it be libera piscaria that is a libertie of fishing in an other mans pondes or waters which he hath in common with others For xx persons may haue a fishing after that sort in one riuer and it is therefore called libera because none may disturbe them to whom the fishing belongeth Or seperalis piscaria which in our bookes hath seuerall significations for either it may signifie a seuerall fishing which one man alone hath in an other mans soile Or els where a man hath a seuerall fishing to himselfe in his owne ground and so it is a thing compounded of water and of earth and therefore it is said that where a graunt is made of a stagne or piscarie the land passeth And in a Formedon brought of a gorse which in Latin is called gurges a gulfe or dâ—epe Yarmouth wherein fishes are commonly taken the demaundant shall recouer the land and soile it selfe And it hath bin adiudged that a fishing so taken lyeth in Tenure And a writ of Aiell was brought of a fishing as a thing lying in demesâ—e And also of a stagne or poole But it cannot be termed land because the water is not coherently fired to the soile but otherwise it is of an acre of lande which is couered with water for though that be ouerflowed with water yet it is not naturally ouerflowed as a ponde or fishe-poole is And therefore it is said 12. H. 7. that a man may haue a Praecipe de vna acra terrae cum aqua cooperta or de vna acraterrae generally at his election But a tenement cannot be said to bee freehold except it touche the earth and therefore a chamber built vpon a hallor parlor cannot be said to bee freehold because it cannot be perpetuall for the foundation may perishe and for that cause it cannot be demaunded by plaint or Writ Yet 9. E. 4. an exchaunge was made of lande for a chamber but that prooueth it not to be freehold for an exchange may be of things of diuers natures as of land for rent And so of a rent for a common A Castell whether it bee a thing either of it selfe or parcell of a seigniory or Mannor may well be called land or freehold For though land may not be parcell of land no more then one Leete or Hundred may bee parcell of an other Yet land may be parcell of a Manor And a parke may be parcell of a Mannor And land may be parcel of an Honor. And of a Castle It is nowe shewed what may properly be called Land and it is not impertment to declare how many sortes of land which we haue before called firme ground may be demaunded by Law of which the Law hath a seueral contemplation Land therefore as it is subiect to the consideration of Law is sixefold Arua Florida consita compascua mineralis in frugifera Arua is the arable ground which is tilled with the Plough Florida the garden ground which procreateth flowers Herbes all such thinges as the Bee doth feede vpon Consita is the wooddie ground which is throughly replenished with trees plants shrubbes and such like Compascua is that which bringeth forth grasse and fodder Mineralis is that wherein mines are conteigned whether they be regall mines as mines of Gold or Siluer or baser mines as brasse leade copper tinne coales or the like Infrugifera is that which is barren and cannot be helped by manurance as the soile where rushes weedes ferne and such things doe grow and it is good to know the diuersitie of these seuerall sortes of grounde that when such thinges are to be demaunded by writ they may be demaunded by their proper names and kinds and therefore if a feoffement be made of two roodes of land and after a house is built there vpon and part of it is become medowe parcel pasture ground and parcell wood the demaund must be by the name of a house medowe pasture and wood and there is a writ in the Register de minera plumbi cuiuscunque generis metalli cum pertinentijs and ruscaria the soile where rushes do grow must be demanded by number of acres And where a stagne hath bin or land couered with water if the water be turned out of the course or dried the land may be demaunded by the name of medow That which issueth out of land or the profits of land are of three sortes Naturall Industriall and Artificial The Naturall profits of land are such as doe rise by the force and benefit of Nature principally and not by the diligence and labour of man as apples hearbes trees and such like Industriall profits are such as doe principally require the diligence and culture of man which vnlesse it be continually applyed natura nihil operatur as corne hoppes woad saffron and such like Artificiall profits are these which are reserued graunted or issuing out of land by the Acte of man and the approbation of Law as a common of pasture a warren a rent and thinges of like sort Common of pasture is of fower sortes appendant which is belonging onely to arable grounde or to land that consisteth as well of arable ground as of other thinges as a Mannor or measuage but the appendancy doth principally grow by reason of the arable and therefore it belongeth to such beastes onely as doe manure or marle the grounde as horses oxen kine and sheepe And if a man haue common to certaine arable landes in one Village hee cannot vse the Common with beastes that manure his arrable in an other Village And this ought
pay so much money as the vendee doth pay that then he shall haue the land again and be in his former estate Palam faâ—tuÌ„ is that which is done opeÌ„ly Publice factuÌ„ is that which is done coraÌ„ populo Paries a wall thereof there be diuerse kindes Lateritius which is made of clay Testaceus which is made of bricke Coementarâ—us which is made of lime stone and water mingled together Cratitius which is made of wood boardes or boughes platted together Paraecos a parishioner an inhabitant in a certaine place who hath brought his houshold to a certaine place to reside there Praetor maior he Maior of a city as Rhodiginus saith for others ar called Praetores minores Priuilegium is in s â—singulare whereby a priuate man or a particuler Corporation is exempted from the rigor of common Law for that which is now called proprium hath bin called of olde writers priuum Proprium that which doth so belong to one that it is not coÌ„mon to an other though that wherein we haue a ioint propertie with others may be called nostrum yet it cannot be called propriuÌ„ for propriuÌ„ doth not admit any communion but proprium suum be equipollent and of the same sense Puer hath three significations either it signifieth the estate of a man as when we call seruants pueros Secondly the sexe as when we call a male child puerum Or els the age as when we call one that is yong puerum Pars is that wherby the whole is supported it is either pars diuisa or pars indiuisa this diuision wil hold both in nature Law In nature that id a diuided part which consisteth of diuerse parcels as the wing of a bird or the clouen hoofe of a beast or the finne of a fish are said to be parts diuided In law there is also a diuided part as the third part wherof a woman is indowed after the death of her husbaÌ„d after the assignment made and the third part of the land of the tenant in Capite which the king hath after his death Likewise the partes of a manor diuided by parceners A part vndiuided is manifest to the vnderstanding to the eye to the vnderstanding as the moitie or third part of iointenants parceners tenaÌ„ts in common before particion to the eye as the vnclouen hoofe of a beast or the partes of the earth cleauing contumately together R. Ripa a banke it is proper to a floude as the shoare is to the sea Ripa is that which doth flumen continere stay the natural force of his course and that is said to be a banke quae plenissimum flumen continet which stayeth the water when it is at the highest S. Sequestratio is either a seperation by way of compounding or by interdiction of possession It is voluntaria or necessaria Voluntaria when it is done by the consent of the parties Necessaria wheâ— it is done by one that hath a competent aucthoritie to sequester Sylua caedua which being cut may grow againe T. Tugurium quasi â—egurium it is taken of some for euery countrie house but not rightly for the house which doth consist of walles and tiles or bricke is no cotage but a cotage is that which doth principally consist of reedes or thatch or soddes earth and twigs layed together and compacted by clay or slime or which hath in it a very small deale of timber Tumultus is taken for euery perilous commotion if it be publiquely and hastely done Turba a multitude consisting at the least of the number of tenne V. Vacillaus testis which doth giue an inconstant and diuerse testimonie Vagabundus which hath neither certaine house nor stedfast habitation a man as one tearmeth him sine re sine spe sine fide sine sede Vel a particle it doth not alwayes disioyne but sometimes explane Vis force or violence it is of diuers sorts vis detractiua when a man taketh a thing from one against his will vis compulsiua when I compell a man to assent to a certaine acte vis diuina commonly called vis maior whereof there is no resistance vis expulsiua which is done with weapon and it is called of some vis armata vis inquietatiua when I am disseised by force vis imminens the striking or assault of a man Vis is not verbis but facto for he is not said vim pati which is onely touched by wordes Vniuersale quod ad vniuersos pertinet What methode is to be vsed in handling and disposing matters of Law The ninth Chapter OF methode it were better to write nothing then little for so many diuerse methodes are proposed by many diuers authors that plentie breedeth scarsity and a man can hardelye tell which to choose Curiositie as in all other thinges it is vaine so in methode it is necessarie For to proceede without equalitie of tenor is negligence and to obserue methode vnartificially is ignorance They that giue a reason of the beginning continuance and ending of their tractats and discourses are without doubte the most iudiciall and most plausible methodistes or they which so temper and moderate the course of matters that though they render not a precise reason of their doeings yet it is apparant to the reason and vnderstanding of others A twofolde methode is verie much talked of and that is by proceeding either a singularibus ad vniuersalia or ab vniuersalibus ad singularia the one of these I accompt no methode at all howsoeuer it hath vsurped the name being but a natural discerning of thinges done in facto by the ordinary direction of the senses and making thereof a generall conclusion which is easie and familiar to euery mans capacitie so that the praise of that action is diligence and not art for is it any difficult thing to reason and conclude wood is heauie stone is heauie iron is heauie sic in caeteris therefore all thinges made of earth are heauie how proâ—e and readie is the perceauing of these particulars to euerie mans sense and how easilie may the conclusion be framed by his vnderstanding but in deede the discoursing from vniuersalles to particulars is more hard more artificiall more compendious for it is done in lesse compasse and fewer wordes which is a great argument of a good methode and therefore I doe not agree to Aristotle that Athenian Doctor when hee saieth Ars tum existit cum ex multis experientiae notionibus vnaâ— quae ad vniuersum genus accommodetur nascitur praeceptio Vnlesse hee meane it of vulgar and mechanicall trades and occupations whereof onely I admit it to be true but I rather approoue that which he saith and doth likewise progrediendum est ab vniuersalibus ad singularia But there be some which will not allow any discourse but that which is furnished with mathematicall and demonstratiue reasons Some would haue euery thing handled by examples as Ramus a man happier in writing then in reproouing one
that writ better then hee who in handling Logicall places doth illustrate them with many examples but with neuer a rule What manner of teaching is this to shewe vnto thee that others did thus but not to shewe why they did so which default is for want of rules in which the reason and knowledge of doing thinges aright is conteyned A man cannot make a shooe by a number of lastes but hee must haue instruction of one that is skilfull in the trade Some againe will haue euery thing confirmed by the authorities and testimonies of them that be learned thinking that onely to be the fit way of teaching But the certaine and necessarie reasons of the Mathematikes are not in all artes to be required Neyther is there an 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or accurate kinde of handling things in all sciences alike to be vsed and obserued but in euery science things are so to be ordred and digested as the subiect or matter doth require where about it is employed and so farre forth as may be agreeable to the profession of the science For a Geometrician and a Carpenter doe diuersly handle and vse a right line the one as it may be profitable to his worke which he carueth the other searcheth what kinde of thing it is and of what nature and so other sciences must be ruled by the subiect which they contemplate least there be more 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 then 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in them neyther is a cause or reason to be exacted in all things for of many it is sufficient to haue this knowledge quòd ita sunt though we cannot know propter quod ita sunt as of principles which are the first and highest rules in artes and sciences and therefore no reason can be yeelded because they are prima the very first in the discourse of reason and therefore 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 for theÌ„selues to be beleeued Surely Methode is so conuenient a thing in the studie of the lawe that without it neither can the vnderstanding be well taught nor the memorie well directed It is not enough to haue a great heape of things that are to be read vnlesse the vse or order and manner of reading them â—e well vnderstoode and as in things that â—e fit for banquets thoâ—gh there be great varietie of sweete meates yet there is nothing more vnpleasant or vnholsome if they be mingled together so the Student must haue a care least the order of his reading be confounded least the last things be handled in the first place and these thinges which should be in the middest be put in the last place whiche whosoeuer doe they cannot onely not comprehende the thinges which they studie but vtterly debilitate and weaken the strength of the memorie therefore it is good for Students to vse an artificiall Analysis or resolution of things into their principles which may teach to deuide the whole into his partes and to subdeuide partes into parcells and in the end to make a consent and coherence of the entire thing and his partes for though the skilfull partition of things be profitable and pleasant for the memorie yet the Synthesis that is the apt composition coordination and mutuall dependance of them doth more satisfie the vnderstanding Therefore Polybius a iudicious aucthor saith well that they which thinke by the knowledge of particulars dispersed to attaine to the full and perfit knowledge of the entire thing doe no lesse erre then hee who viewing the partes of a handsome and comely body seuerally and apart doth therefore imagin that hee knoweth the whole feature and portraicture of the same man who if hee had beheld these parts ioyned together and compacted and moued by the spirit of life would haue iudged farre otherwise For though a man may haue a confused notion or conceite of the whole by viewing the seperate and disioyned partes yet it is not possible that hee should haue certaine knowledge of the same no more then a man by seeing perticular Mappes of Cities may certainely perceiue the figure situation and order of the whole world But he that can easily resolue things may easily compound for when he knoweth the particular sense and vse of the thinges resolued hee may easily gather a generall knowledge of the whole thing that is a generall knowledge of manye particulars whiche make one entire thing The forme of this Analysis following whiche is of Maister Littleton his two Chapiters of fee simple and fee taile I doe offer to the Student as a thing to be considered of because it is incident to this purpose which though it gaine not his good liking yet if it minister but occasion vnto him to aduenture vpon the conueyance of some other Analysis that may receiue the generall approbation and iust applause of the learned I shall thinke my labour herein well bestowed and woulde gladlye reape profit by other mens presidents The Analysis of Littletons Chapiter of Fee simple Tenure in fee simple may bee considered By the definition Inuented Fee simple is as much to say as a lawfull and pure inheritance Expounded He that will purchase lands in fee simple must haue these wordes in his purchase To haue and to hold to him and to his heires for these words his heires make the estate of inheritance and he that lacketh this word heires and hath to haue and to hold to him and to his assignes for euer hath estate but for terme of life By the tenant in fee simple who is after two sorts to be considered Generally Tenant in fee simple is he which hath landes or tenemeâ—â—s to hold to him and to his heires for euer Particularly By purchase as when a man both lands and tâ—â—ements by his deede or by his agreement to the possession of which he commeth not by title of discent from none of his auncestors or his â—osins but by his owne act By discent who may be thus described He that is tenant in fee simple must be of the whole bloud wâ—â— may bee proued by two examples 1 If a man haue issue two Sonnes by two venters and the elder purchaseth lands in fee simple and dieth without issue the yonger brother shall not haue the land but the vncle of the elder brother or some other his â—ye cosins shall haue it for that the yonger is but of the halfe bloud to the elder brother 2. If a man haue a Sonne and daughter by one venter a Sonne by an other venter and the sonne by the first venter purchaseth lands in fee simple and dieth without issue the sister shall haue the land by discent as heire vnto her brother for that the sister is of the whole bloud to the elder brother By the properties of fee simple 1 Inheritance in fee simple may lineallie discend but not lineally ascende which may be illustrated by sixe prerogatiues 1 By the vncles prerogatiue If the fathers sonne purchase land in fee simple the vncle shal haue the