in_o the_o kentish_a custumal_a and_o because_o this_o of_o partition_n among_o the_o rest_n proper_o depend_v of_o custom_n as_o thwart_v the_o course_n of_o the_o common_a law_n in_o like_a case_n hence_o the_o quaere_fw-la grow_v at_o first_o whether_o gavelkynd_n be_v a_o custom_n or_o a_o tenure_n indeed_o a_o very_a improper_a and_o incongruous_a quaere_fw-la and_o occasion_v by_o the_o want_n of_o that_o distinction_n of_o the_o genus_fw-la from_o the_o species_n which_o through_o inadvertencie_n be_v here_o confound_v gavelkynd_n be_v the_o genus_fw-la &_o partition_n the_o species_n so_o that_o if_o we_o shall_v but_o reddere_fw-la singula_fw-la singulis_fw-la this_o doubt_n will_v quick_o have_v a_o end_n gavelkynd_n general_o speak_v of_o and_o in_o gross_a be_v the_o tenure_n particular_o and_o with_o reference_n to_o this_o partition_n it_o be_v a_o custom_n accompany_v the_o land_n of_o that_o tenure_n or_o if_o you_o rather_o will_v not_o gavelkynd_n be_v the_o tenure_n partition_n and_o the_o other_o property_n the_o nature_n which_o solution_n give_v occasion_n of_o another_o quaere_fw-la and_o that_o indeed_o a_o main_a one_o whether_o namely_o this_o custom_n of_o partition_n in_o gavelkynd-land_n be_v so_o inherent_a in_o the_o land_n and_o so_o inseparable_a from_o it_o that_o notwithstanding_o the_o tenure_n of_o the_o land_n be_v alter_v yet_o the_o land_n shall_v stâ—â—l_o retain_v this_o property_n no_o more_o i_o take_v it_o than_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o fellow-property_n as_o much_o depend_v upon_o custom_n as_o that_o and_o for_o which_o the_o land_n may_v deserve_v the_o name_n of_o gavelkynd_n as_o well_o as_o for_o that_o and_o therefore_o some_o perhaps_o will_v say_v it_o shall_v retain_v they_o all_o indifferent_o i_o shall_v not_o here_o engage_v as_o a_o opponent_n only_o invite_v by_o this_o fair_a occasion_n crave_v leave_n to_o propound_v academical_o what_o in_o like_a case_n i_o find_v deliver_v by_o other_o conduce_v in_o my_o judgement_n to_o facilitate_v the_o resolution_n leave_v it_o to_o such_o as_o have_v more_o will_n to_o debate_n and_o better_a skill_n to_o decide_v the_o question_n than_o myself_o to_o give_v a_o full_a and_o more_o peremptory_a resolution_n in_o the_o point_n i_o may_v i_o take_v it_o not_o improper_o state_n the_o question_n thus_o whether_o the_o person_n in_o this_o case_n shall_v follow_v the_o condition_n of_o the_o land_n or_o on_o the_o contrary_a the_o land_n that_o of_o the_o person_n the_o former_a it_o seem_v take_v place_n in_o paris_n the_o french_a metropolis_n by_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o place_n whence_o that_o of_o choppinus_n treat_v of_o those_o custom_n pag._n 316._o parisiensi_fw-la iâ—â—em_fw-la municâ—piâ—_fw-la say_v he_o quod_fw-la gentilitiâ_fw-la pariter_fw-la sulget_fw-la nobilitate_fw-la clarorum_fw-la virorum_fw-la usus_fw-la familiae_fw-la herciscundae_fw-la minus_fw-la est_fw-la obnoxius_fw-la invidiae_fw-la ubi_fw-la scilicet_fw-la non_fw-la persunarum_fw-la sed_fw-la fundorum_fw-la conditio_fw-la nobilis_fw-la plebeiave_v part_n assignat_fw-la to_o which_o he_o add_v a_o little_a after_o hâ—â—d_a ideâ—_n tamen_fw-la dividundarum_fw-la haereditatum_fw-la ratiâ—_n immutata_fw-la est_fw-la parisiis_fw-la cum_fw-la nobiles_fw-la fundos_fw-la plebeii_fw-la nobiliter_fw-la &_o ignobiles_fw-la aequojure_v generosi_fw-la invitem_fw-la partiantur_fw-la to_o the_o same_o purpose_n 57_o our_o author_n elsewhere_o â—els_v we_o that_o priseo_fw-la quodem_fw-la gâ—llici_n fori_fw-la usu_fw-la plebeius_fw-la fundus_fw-la haud_fw-la ideo_fw-la pristinam_fw-la exuebat_fw-la conditionem_fw-la quòd_fw-la à _fw-la recto_fw-la ipsius_fw-la domino_fw-la aere_fw-la comparatus_fw-la esset_fw-la ni_fw-fr ejus_fw-la nomine_fw-la comparator_n in_fw-la clientelam_fw-la se_fw-la unà _fw-la cum_fw-la superiore_fw-la fundo_fw-la svo_fw-la ad_fw-la patronum_fw-la contulisset_fw-la which_o his_o margin_n elsewhere_o 40._o record_v thus_o anciennement_fw-fr les_fw-fr roture_n aâ—quises_n par_fw-fr le_fw-fr scigneur_fw-fr direct_a se_fw-fr partageoient_fw-fr returierement_n si_fw-la non_fw-la que_fw-fr le_fw-fr dit_fw-fr acquereur_fw-fr les_fw-fr comprint_n en_fw-fr l'adveu_n de_fw-fr son_fw-fr fief_n le_fw-fr rendant_fw-fr au_fw-fr superieur_fw-fr thus_o go_v it_o seem_v the_o more_o ancient_a custom_n in_o those_o part_n but_o tempora_fw-la mutantur_fw-la the_o case_n of_o latter_a time_n be_v alter_v there_o as_o the_o same_o author_n give_v we_o to_o understand_v in_o both_o the_o last_o fore_n cite_v place_n at_o postâ—rioris_fw-la aevi_fw-la jurisprudentia_fw-la mutatis_fw-la calculis_fw-la novam_fw-la invexit_fw-la servientis_fw-la fundi_fw-la unionem_fw-la tacitam_fw-la &_o consolidationem_fw-la cum_fw-la altero_fw-la dominante_fw-la ac_fw-la parem_fw-la adeo_fw-la utriusque_fw-la qualitatem_fw-la praenobilem_fw-la ni_fw-fr si_fw-la illius_fw-la emptor_n subinde_fw-la contestationem_fw-la interposuisset_fw-la contrariae_fw-la voluntatis_fw-la thus_o in_o the_o former_a place_n in_o the_o latter_a thus_o nostrae_fw-la tamen_fw-la aetatis_fw-la moribus_fw-la diversum_fw-la obtinuit_fw-la censuales_fw-la nempe_fw-la &_o obnoxios_fw-la agros_fw-la solâ_fw-la per_fw-la rectum_fw-la dominum_fw-la acquisitione_n prorsus_fw-la uniri_fw-la in_fw-la unúmque_fw-la redigi_fw-la cum_fw-la praedio_fw-la dominante_fw-la nisi_fw-la protinus_fw-la emptor_n contrariae_fw-la voluntatis_fw-la testationem_fw-la interposuisset_fw-la the_o effect_n of_o both_o be_v this_o that_o censual_a land_n by_o purchase_n come_v unto_o the_o direct_a lord_n the_o lord_n of_o the_o fee_n or_o over_o lord_n aâ—e_v ipso_fw-la jure_fw-la feudal_n and_o shall_v according_o descend_v as_o thereby_o reunite_v to_o the_o fee_n unless_o the_o buyer_n at_o the_o time_n of_o purchase_n do_v protest_v to_o the_o contrary_n will_v you_o please_v to_o hear_v his_o reason_n unionis_fw-la nempe_fw-la vis_fw-la illa_fw-la eo_fw-la producitur_fw-la ut_fw-la ignobile_fw-la praedium_fw-la militari_fw-la junctum_fw-la nobilitetur_fw-la eque_fw-la plebeio_fw-la as_o soâ—â—_n vectigalibus_fw-la obnoxio_fw-la transeat_fw-la in_o feudâ—lis_fw-la clientelae_fw-la sortem_fw-la liberiorem_fw-la thus_o he_o de_fw-fr moribus_fw-la parisior_n pag._n 58._o much_o what_o one_o with_o that_o in_o the_o other_o place_n de_n domanio_fw-la francia_fw-la pag._n 41._o quoniam_fw-la tacita_fw-la praediorum_fw-la union_n confusa_fw-la erant_fw-la jura_fw-la servitutum_fw-la census_fw-la &_o solarii_fw-la vectigalis_fw-la cum_fw-la rei_fw-la propriae_fw-la nulla_fw-la superforet_fw-la servitus_fw-la exâ—ndéque_fw-la vectigalis_fw-la sundi_fw-la qualitas_fw-la esset_fw-la immutata_fw-la thus_o he_o who_o see_v also_o if_o you_o please_v de_fw-fr domanio_fw-la gallicâ—_n pag._n 168._o num_fw-la 2._o also_o pag._n 284._o num_fw-la 1._o to_o who_o add_v hotoman_a de_fw-fr feudis_fw-la lib_n 1._o do_fw-mi 5._o parag_n 2._o in_o fine_a you_o see_v by_o this_o how_o the_o present_a case_n stand_v in_o some_o part_n abroad_o here_o at_o home_n as_o it_o seem_v by_o the_o very_a custumal_a of_o kent_n in_o two_o several_a case_n therein_o specify_v the_o descent_n of_o gavelkynd-land_n be_v changeable_a and_o the_o land_n become_v unpartible_a first_o namely_o when_o by_o escheat_n happen_v either_o by_o death_n or_o cessavit_fw-la next_o when_o by_o the_o tenant_n voluntary_a surrender_n it_o come_v into_o his_o lord_n hand_n who_o hold_v by_o fee_n of_o haubert_n or_o by_o grand_a sergeanty_n both_o which_o 537._o mr._n lambard_n take_v to_o be_v knight-service_n to_o which_o may_v be_v add_v two_o other_o case_n which_o occur_v in_o a_o ancient_a kentish_a eire_n in_o the_o exchequer_n ann_n 29._o edw._n 1._o where_o enquiry_n be_v make_v and_o the_o question_n propound_v to_o the_o kentish_a man_n how_o many_o way_n gavelkynd-land_n may_v be_v alter_v and_o deliver_v from_o the_o ordinary_a and_o custumary_a descent_n answer_n be_v give_v by_o four_o instance_v in_o the_o two_o former_a and_o to_o they_o add_v those_o other_o two_o namely_o 1_o per_fw-la licentiam_fw-la regis_fw-la by_o the_o king_n licence_n and_o 2._o per_fw-la chartam_fw-la archiepiscopi_fw-la by_o the_o archbishop_n end_n charter_n against_o this_o and_o on_o the_o other_o side_n inter_fw-la alia_fw-la may_v be_v oppose_v what_o be_v plead_v in_o the_o fore-remembred_n controversy_n between_o burgade_n bend_n and_o the_o prior_n and_o covent_n of_o christchurch_n canterbury_n wherein_o the_o prior_n in_o bar_n of_o burga_n claim_n to_o the_o moiety_n of_o he_o and_o the_o monk_n manor_n in_o franc_n bank_n 5._o plead_v quod_fw-la dominus_fw-la rex_fw-la qui_fw-la manerium_fw-la illud_fw-la deait_fw-fr praedecessoribus_fw-la suis_fw-la non_fw-la tenuit_fw-la illud_fw-la nomine_fw-la gavelkinde_n whence_o admit_v the_o plea_n for_o law_n natural_o seem_v to_o result_v this_o double_a consectary_n 1._o that_o the_o king_n may_v hold_v land_n in_o gavelkynd_n 2._o that_o the_o king_n hold_v land_n in_o gavelkynd_n in_o case_n he_o shall_v grant_v it_o away_o to_o any_o religious_a house_n in_o puram_fw-la &_o perpetuam_fw-la eleêmosynam_fw-la in_o frankalmoigne_n it_o remain_v notwithstanding_o partible_a as_o before_o it_o come_v to_o the_o crown_n in_o their_o hand_n at_o least_o who_o the_o religious_a man_n shall_v infeoff_v with_o it_o much_o more_o doubtless_o may_v be_v say_v in_o the_o point_n as_o well_o pro_fw-la as_o contra_fw-la but_o i_o shall_v leave_v it_o to_o be_v further_o argue_v by_o lawyer_n add_v only_o in_o a_o word_n what_o upon_o the_o whole_a
matter_n i_o conceive_v of_o the_o case_n i_o will_v ask_v then_o if_o our_o kentish_a gavelkynd-land_n be_v partible_fw-fr quatenus_fw-la gavelkynd_n i_o expect_v no_o other_o than_o a_o affirmative_a answer_n if_o so_o and_o admit_v withal_o that_o such_o property_n in_o gavelkynd-land_n owe_v itself_o to_o a_o custom_n accompany_v land_n of_o that_o nature_n yet_o i_o suppose_v it_o shall_v enjoy_v that_o property_n no_o long_o than_o the_o land_n itself_o continue_v to_o be_v gavelkynd_n which_o some_o hold_v it_o be_v not_o be_v once_o return_v and_o come_v back_o again_o into_o the_o lord_n hand_n the_o king_n especial_o be_v lord_n that_o grant_v it_o out_o in_o gavelkynd_n or_o of_o who_o it_o former_o hold_v in_o gavelkynd_n because_o then_o as_o tut_o cessante_fw-la causâ_fw-la sollitur_fw-la effectus_fw-la so_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o unity_n of_o possession_n the_o usu_n fructus_fw-la i_o can_v well_o english_a it_o be_v consolidate_v and_o make_v one_o with_o the_o property_n that_o property_n of_o be_v censual_a land_n which_o gavelkynd_n denote_v and_o which_o can_v be_v intend_v of_o any_o land_n hold_v in_o demesne_n and_o not_o in_o service_n cease_v and_o be_v quite_o extinguish_v there_o be_v require_v to_o make_v the_o land_n censual_a a_o censual_a tenant_n one_o that_o hold_v by_o censual_a service_n such_o as_o here_o be_v none_o especial_o in_o the_o king_n case_n when_o once_o the_o land_n be_v come_v home_o again_o reduce_v to_o its_o first_o principle_n and_o reunite_v to_o what_o like_o fief_n be_v oppose_v to_o service-land_n the_o lord_n inland_n or_o demesne-land_n as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o a_o common_a lord_n or_o to_o the_o crown_n 11._o à _fw-la quo_fw-la omne_fw-la feudamoventur_fw-la &_o â—riuntur_fw-la the_o fountain_n whence_o all_o tenor_n be_v derive_v as_o in_o the_o king_n case_n from_o whence_o by_o the_o let_v it_o out_o in_o gavelkynd_n it_o be_v former_o sever_v to_o this_o purpose_n see_v petri_n gregorii_n tholosani_fw-la syntag._n jur._n univer_v lib._n 6._o cap._n 5._o num_fw-la 11._o but_o of_o this_o also_o hitherto_o for_o i_o hasten_v to_o a_o end_n proposition_n v._n whether_o before_o the_o statute_n of_o will_n 32._o and_o 34._o h._n 8._o gavelkynd-land_n in_o kent_n be_v deviseable_a or_o not_o in_o answer_v whereof_o hold_v with_o those_o which_o resolve_v it_o in_o the_o negative_a howbeit_o for_o my_o part_n not_o study_v partium_fw-la but_o veritatis_fw-la amore_fw-la i_o shall_v oppose_v to_o such_o as_o hold_v the_o contrary_a what_o argument_n be_v bring_v against_o they_o and_o their_o opinion_n in_o a_o case_n of_o mr._n hall_n of_o kent_n verbatim_o as_o i_o find_v they_o publish_v in_o print_n which_o here_o follow_v with_o their_o title_n reason_n and_o authority_n to_o prove_v that_o gavelkind-land_n in_o kent_n be_v not_o nor_o be_v ancient_o deviseable_a by_o custom_n first_o it_o be_v a_o rule_n in_o law_n that_o a_o assize_n of_o mortdancester_n do_v not_o lie_v of_o land_n which_o be_v deviseable_a by_o testament_n etc._n etc._n and_o this_o appear_v by_o divers_a book_n as_o namely_o 4._o edw._n 2._o mortdanc_fw-la 39_o 22._o assiz_n 78._o and_o fitz._n nat._n brevium_fw-la 196._o 1._o but_o it_o appear_v by_o bracton_n fol._n 276._o b._n that_o a_o assize_n of_o mortdancester_n will_v lie_v of_o gavelkind_a land_n in_o kent_n and_o so_o it_o appear_v by_o divers_a ancient_a record_n quod_fw-la vide_fw-la in_o itinere_fw-la johannis_n de_fw-fr berewicke_n etc._n etc._n anno_fw-la 21._o edw._n 1._o copia_fw-la fol._n 1_o 7_o 22_o 24._o &_o in_o itinere_fw-la h._n de_fw-fr stanton_n anno_fw-la 6._o edw._n 2._o copia_fw-la fol._n 1_o 8_o 9_o 10_o 13._o by_o which_o it_o appear_v plain_o that_o a_o assize_n of_o mortdancester_n lie_v of_o gavelkind_a land_n in_o kent_n but_o a_o assize_n of_o mortdancester_n do_v not_o lie_v of_o land_n within_o the_o city_n of_o canterbury_n because_o land_n be_v there_o deviseable_a by_o custom_n as_o it_o appear_v in_o dicto_fw-la itinere_fw-la h._n de_fw-fr stanton_n fol._n 3_o 4_o 6._o and_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o in_o the_o city_n of_o canterbury_n which_o be_v ancient_o part_v of_o the_o county_n of_o kent_n there_o be_v a_o special_a custom_n use_v to_o devise_v land_n lie_v within_o the_o liberty_n of_o the_o city_n and_o to_o prove_v their_o will_n in_o the_o court_n of_o burgmote_a in_o the_o same_o city_n but_o there_o need_v no_o such_o custom_n if_o all_o the_o gavelkind_a land_n in_o kent_n have_v be_v deviseable_a etc._n etc._n also_o the_o most_o part_n of_o the_o ancient_a will_n of_o gavelkind_a land_n in_o kent_n before_o the_o statute_n of_o uses_n do_v mention_v feoffee_n of_o the_o land_n devise_v etc._n etc._n as_o appear_v by_o the_o register-book_n of_o will_n at_o canterbury_n and_o at_o rochester_n whereby_o it_o do_v appear_v that_o the_o devisor_n be_v cestuy_a que_fw-fr use_n and_o not_o owner_n of_o the_o land_n devise_v and_o although_o some_o will_n of_o land_n make_v no_o mention_n of_o feoffee_n yet_o there_o be_v feoffee_n of_o the_o same_o land_n as_o will_v appear_v by_o the_o deed_n of_o feoffment_n thereof_o and_o twenty_o to_o one_o do_v mention_n feoffee_n etc._n etc._n also_o sir_n john_n fineux_n chief_a justice_n de_fw-fr r._n b._n sir_n robert_n read_v chief_a justice_n de_fw-fr c._n b._n and_o sir_n john_n butler_n justice_n etc._n etc._n devise_v their_o land_n in_o kent_n before_o the_o statute_n of_o uses_n and_o make_v mention_n of_o feoffee_n etc._n etc._n which_o have_v there_o be_v a_o custom_n to_o devise_v no_o question_n they_o have_v take_v of_o it_o etc._n etc._n also_o many_o ancient_a deed_n of_o feoffment_n of_o land_n in_o kent_n refer_v to_o will_n sc_n dedi_fw-la concessi_fw-la etc._n etc._n a._n b._n omne_fw-la terras_fw-la &_o tenementa_fw-la etc._n etc._n ad_fw-la opus_fw-la &_o usum_fw-la perimplendi_fw-la ultimam_fw-la voluntatem_fw-la meam_fw-la etc._n etc._n also_o there_o be_v will_n to_o be_v find_v of_o land_n in_o diverse_a other_o county_n of_o this_o realm_n whereby_o land_n be_v devise_v before_o the_o statute_n of_o uses_n and_o no_o mention_n make_v of_o any_o feoffee_n as_o appear_v in_o the_o register-book_n of_o the_o prerogative_n court_n and_o in_o diverse_a other_o place_n and_o yet_o without_o doubt_n they_o bad_a feoffee_n seize_v to_o their_o use_n etc._n etc._n or_o else_o they_o can_v noâ—_n there_o devise_v the_o same_o also_o the_o house_n and_o land_n in_o city_n and_o burrough_n which_o be_v deviseable_a by_o custom_n be_v reckon_v inter_fw-la catalla_fw-la sua_fw-la but_o it_o be_v strange_a that_o all_o the_o socage_n land_n in_o kent_n which_o be_v conceive_v to_o be_v gavelkind_a shall_v be_v reckon_v inter_fw-la catalla_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o in_o the_o register_n fol._n 244._o there_o be_v fourteen_o several_a writ_n of_o exit_fw-la gravi_fw-la querela_fw-la and_o none_o of_o they_o make_v mention_n of_o any_o county_n etc._n etc._n nor_o of_o gavelkind_n but_o secundum_fw-la consuetudinem_fw-la civitatis_fw-la or_o secundùm_fw-la consuetudinem_fw-la burgi_n etc._n etc._n and_o if_o gavelkind_a land_n be_v deviseable_a by_o custom_n etc._n etc._n the_o devisee_n can_v have_v no_o writ_n of_o exit_fw-la gravi_fw-la querela_fw-la because_o there_o be_v none_o before_o who_o the_o action_n or_o writ_n shall_v be_v bring_v etc._n etc._n also_o mr._n lambard_n in_o his_o perambulation_n write_v of_o the_o custom_n of_o kent_n make_v no_o mention_n of_o any_o custom_n to_o devise_v land_n nor_o the_o treatise_n call_v consuetudines_fw-la cantiae_fw-la in_o the_o old_a mag._n charta_n fol._n 147._o which_o without_o doubt_n they_o will_v not_o have_v omit_v if_o there_o have_v be_v any_o such_o custom_n etc._n etc._n also_o between_o the_o statute_n of_o 27._o h._n 8._o of_o uses_n and_o the_o statute_n of_o 32._o of_o h._n 8._o of_o will_n there_o be_v very_o few_o will_n make_v of_o land_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o register-book_n before_o mention_v and_o the_o most_o of_o such_o will_n as_o be_v then_o make_v be_v but_o few_o in_o number_n do_v make_v mention_n of_o feoffee_n also_o the_o common_a practice_n ever_o since_o the_o statute_n of_o will_n have_v be_v such_o that_o if_o a_o will_v be_v make_v void_a for_o a_o three_o part_n by_o a_o tenure_n in_o capite_fw-la of_o part_n of_o the_o land_n etc._n etc._n that_o three_o part_n shall_v descend_v to_o the_o heir_n and_o the_o devisee_fw-mi shall_v not_o have_v it_o and_o this_o appear_v by_o special_a livery_n in_o the_o court_n of_o ward_n prove_v the_o same_o and_o by_o diverse_a witness_n that_o can_v prove_v the_o same_o to_o be_v so_o etc._n etc._n and_o in_o sanders_n case_n of_o maidstone_n in_o anno_fw-la 9_o jacobi_n regis_fw-la all_o the_o land_n be_v devise_v by_o will_n and_o after_o the_o will_n be_v avoid_v for_o a_o three_o part_n by_o reason_n of_o a_o tenure_n in_o capite_fw-la of_o a_o small_a
as_o it_o be_v use_v beside_o in_o composition_n in_o each_o import_a cens_n i._n e._n rent_n either_o in_o money_n provision_n or_o work_n and_o be_v thus_o far_o advance_v in_o the_o dispatch_n of_o our_o positive_a proposition_n what_o be_v the_o true_a sense_n of_o gavelkynd_n i_o must_v now_o desire_v the_o reader_n in_o the_o next_o place_n to_o observe_v and_o consider_v censual_a with_o i_o that_o as_o there_o be_v divers_a sort_n of_o land_n to_o be_v find_v both_o in_o this_o county_n and_o elsewhere_o by_o the_o nature_n of_o their_o tenure_n not_o censive_a or_o censual_a nor_o of_o the_o kind_n to_o pay_v or_o yield_v gavel_n that_o be_v such_o rent_n or_o rent-service_n whether_o in_o money_n provision_n or_o work_n as_o arise_v from_o ignoble_a base_a and_o plebeian_a tenor_n in_o which_o only_a gavel_n be_v conversant_a to_o those_o of_o who_o such_o land_n be_v hold_v those_o namely_o hold_v in_o alodio_n in_o frankalmoigne_n or_o mortmain_n as_o call_v mortua_fw-la also_o abroad_o because_o yield_v the_o lord_n no_o profit_n as_o be_v in_o a_o dead_a hand_n in_o knights-service_n in_o frank_n fee_n and_o the_o like_a so_o be_v there_o also_o such_o as_o that_o hold_v in_o socage_n or_o burgage_n tenor_n or_o the_o like_a though_o free_a which_o contrariwise_o be_v censual_a liable_a to_o rent_n in_o some_o one_o or_o more_o of_o the_o kind_n premise_v to_o distinguish_v therefore_o if_o not_o general_o what_o land_n be_v from_o what_o be_v not_o of_o gafol_n gild_a nature_n or_o of_o the_o kind_n to_o yield_v or_o pay_v cens_fw-la yet_o special_o to_o put_v a_o difference_n between_o what_o alone_o be_v proper_o and_o ancient_o call_v ignobile_fw-la fee_n knight-service_n land_n and_o it_o under_o which_o double_a head_n be_v comprise_v the_o generality_n of_o our_o whole_a country_n land_n answer_v as_o to_o that_o dichotomy_n of_o chivalry_n and_o socage_n tenor_n whereunto_o all_o the_o land_n in_o england_n in_o the_o hand_n of_o common_a person_n be_v chivalry_n refer_v so_o also_o to_o that_o know_a distinction_n of_o their_o land_n in_o normandy_n from_o whence_o as_o some_o 545._o surmise_n we_o receive_v our_o gavelkynd_n whereof_o more_o hereafter_o unto_o fief_n de_fw-fr haubert_n and_o fief_n de_fw-fr roturier_n that_o be_v the_o nobleman_n fee_n and_o the_o husbandman_n or_o ploughman_n fee_n for_o distinction_n sake_n i_o say_v of_o censual_a or_o rent_a land_n or_o rent-service_n land_n from_o what_o like_o fee_n proper_o so_o call_v be_v hold_v per_fw-la liberum_fw-la servitium_fw-la armorum_fw-la yield_v no_o cens_n rent_n or_o service_n whether_o in_o money_n provision_n or_o work_n the_o former_a of_o the_o twain_o be_v call_v gavelkynd_n that_o be_v as_o mr._n lambard_n right_o in_o the_o second_o of_o his_o forementioned_a conjecture_n of_o the_o kind_n or_o nature_n to_o pay_v or_o yield_v rend_v or_o land_n hold_v not_o proper_o in_o fee_n but_o as_o the_o feudist_n be_v wont_n in_o this_o case_n to_o distinguish_v contractu_fw-la censuali_fw-la as_o be_v let_v out_o with_o or_o under_o condition_n to_o pay_v cens_n or_o rent_n or_o with_o a_o reservation_n of_o cen_n or_o rent_n like_v unto_o those_o in_o the_o charter_n of_o the_o conqueror_n and_o his_o son_n hen._n 1._o the_o one_o to_o battle_n the_o other_o to_o read_v abbey_n express_o call_v terrae_fw-la censuales_fw-la and_o there_o oppose_v to_o fee_n censuales_fw-la witness_v this_o provision_n occur_v in_o each_o charter_n terras_fw-la censuales_fw-la nec_fw-la ad_fw-la feudum_fw-la donet_fw-la nec_fw-la milites_fw-la nisi_fw-la in_o sacra_fw-la veste_fw-la christi_fw-la faciat_fw-la nec_fw-la de_fw-la possessionibus_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la quisquam_fw-la teneat_fw-la aliquid_fw-la feudaliter_fw-la absolutum_fw-la sed_fw-la ad_fw-la censum_fw-la annuum_fw-la &_o servitium_fw-la abbati_n &_o monachis_fw-la debitum_fw-la see_v clement_n reyner_n apostolatus_fw-la benedictinor_fw-la in_o anglia_fw-it tract_n 2._o pag._n 137_o &_o 154._o it_o be_v no_o simple_a word_n gavelkynd_n but_o a_o compound_n signify_v of_o gavel_n and_o kind_n the_o latter_a syllable_n whereof_o to_o proceed_v on_o to_o that_o come_v and_o be_v contract_v of_o the_o saxon_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d a_o word_n frequent_o occur_v in_o the_o saxon_a sermon_n set_v forth_o and_o publish_v by_o mr._n fox_n in_o his_o act_n and_o monument_n and_o again_o of_o late_a by_o mr._n lisle_n as_o a_o appendix_n to_o another_o saxon_a piece_n a_o treatise_n of_o the_o old_a and_o new_a testament_n in_o the_o version_n or_o translation_n of_o the_o word_n they_o both_o concur_v render_v it_o in_o our_o modern_a english_a 471._o nature_n to_o give_v a_o instance_n or_o two_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d i._n e._n after_o true_a nature_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d i._n e._n it_o be_v natural_o and_o the_o like_a iâ—_n will_v peradventure_o be_v object_v that_o mr._n lambard_n in_o his_o perambulation_n pag._n 495._o meeting_n with_o the_o word_n several_a time_n in_o the_o saxon_a will_n of_o byrhtric_n of_o mepham_n in_o this_o often_o repeat_v passage_n there_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d always_o translate_v it_o after_o the_o old_a latin_a version_n in_o textus_fw-la roffensis_fw-la within_o that_o kindred_n and_o in_o a_o marginal_a note_n against_o it_o call_v it_o a_o kind_n of_o gift_n in_o tail_n lambard_n but_o for_o reply_n if_o i_o may_v have_v leave_n free_o to_o deliver_v my_o sense_n that_o version_n be_v not_o good_a for_o under_o favour_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d there_o import_v not_o as_o that_o translation_n will_v kindred_n but_o rather_o kind_n nature_n sort_n quality_n or_o condition_n and_o consequent_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d there_o if_o right_o be_v thus_o i_o take_v it_o and_o not_o otherwise_o to_o be_v english_v viz_o in_o that_o kind_n or_o after_o that_o nature_n or_o upon_o the_o same_o term_n or_o with_o the_o same_o condition_n have_v relation_n if_o you_o mark_v it_o to_o the_o tie_n upon_o the_o next_o precedent_n legacy_n gift_n or_o devise_n of_o other_o land_n charge_v either_o with_o alm_n or_o with_o rent_n in_o way_n of_o alm_n payable_a thereout_o by_o the_o legatary_n or_o devisee_n for_o the_o devisor_n or_o testator_n his_o soul_n health_n have_v it_o be_v otherwise_o t_v book_n the_o follow_a passage_n in_o a_o charter_n record_v in_o a_o lieger_n of_o the_o often_o allege_v cathedral_n at_o canterbury_n of_o certain_a land_n all_o which_o the_o party_n have_v in_o southweâ—k_n give_v to_o that_o church_n by_o norman_a le_fw-fr wautier_n in_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n 1204_o which_o thus_o speak_v et_fw-la quia_fw-la praedicta_fw-la terra_fw-la de_fw-la libero_fw-la catallo_fw-la &_o proprio_fw-la perquisito_fw-la meo_fw-la fuit_fw-la &_o non_fw-fr de_fw-fr aliqua_fw-la hereditate_fw-la parentum_fw-la meorum_fw-la ideo_fw-la deâ—minde_n &_o s._n thomam_fw-la martyrem_fw-la &_o sanctos_fw-la cantuariensis_n ecclesiae_fw-la &_o conventum_fw-la monachorum_fw-la ejusdem_fw-la heredem_fw-la b._n meum_fw-la legitimum_fw-la inscribo_fw-la &_o hac_fw-la mea_fw-la carta_fw-la in_o perpetuum_fw-la constituo_fw-la to_o which_o many_o more_o such_o like_a might_n easy_o be_v add_v from_o the_o same_o promptuarium_fw-la the_o fâ—udists_n in_o this_o case_n distinguish_v between_o feudum_fw-la novum_fw-la &_o antiquum_fw-la as_o may_v be_v see_v in_o vulteius_n de_fw-fr feudis_fw-la lib._n 1._o cap._n 10._o num_fw-la 73._o in_o the_o next_o place_n the_o reader_n may_v please_v to_o observe_v with_o i_o that_o as_o b._n britton_n distinguish_v of_o a_o double_a tenure_n in_o mortmain_n the_o one_o call_a almoigne_z or_o aumone_n simple_o the_o other_o frankalmoigne_n describe_v the_o former_a to_o be_v a_o gift_n in_o alm_n but_o not_o free_a alm_n because_o say_v he_o a_o certain_a service_n be_v retain_v or_o reserve_v to_o the_o feoffor_a cap._n 66._o fol._n 164._o â—_o so_o this_o in_o hand_n be_v no_o alienation_n in_o frankalmoigne_n the_o fâ—offers_n it_o seem_v not_o intend_v to_o give_v the_o land_n in_o that_o absolute_a manner_n but_o in_o token_n of_o seignory_n to_o reserve_v something_o of_o service_n to_o themselves_o phrase_n their_o gift_n not_o in_o puram_fw-la eleemosynam_fw-la or_o in_o liberam_fw-la eleemosynam_fw-la one_o of_o which_o word_n viz._n either_o pura_fw-la or_o libera_fw-la be_v some_o say_v other_o say_v b._n both_o essential_a to_o the_o make_v it_o a_o tenure_n in_o frankalmoigne_n and_o to_o the_o excuse_v it_o from_o service_n with_o which_o the_o next_o follow_v word_n and_o to_o gavelkynd_n can_v not_o have_v consist_v pure_a alm_n or_o frankalmoigne_n exclude_v the_o return_n of_o all_o but_o divine_a service_n and_o burden_n they_o phrase_v it_o not_o therefore_o i_o say_v in_o puram_fw-la or_o liberam_fw-la eleâ—mosynam_fw-la but_o only_o in_o perpetuam_fw-la eleâ—mosynam_fw-la and_o to_o gavelkynd_n by_o the_o former_a of_o these_o word_n invest_v the_o hospital_n with_o a_o estate_n in_o perpetuity_n by_o the_o latter_a and_o the_o reddendo_fw-la follow_v save_v and_o reserve_v
and_o condition_n of_o gavelkynd-land_n be_v not_o only_o subject_a and_o liable_a to_o what_o the_o civilian_n in_o their_o phrase_n be_v wont_a to_o call_v judicium_fw-la or_o actio_fw-la familiae_fw-la herciscundae_fw-la de_fw-fr communi_fw-la paâ—ceners_n dividundo_fw-la the_o feudist_n adaequatio_fw-la paragium_fw-la we_o in_o our_o language_n term_v it_o coparcenary_a land-shifting_a and_o the_o like_a but_o withal_o so_o subject_a to_o it_o as_o that_o partition_n do_v always_o accompany_v land_n of_o that_o nature_n and_o be_v indeed_o as_o inseparable_a from_o it_o as_o the_o contrary_a from_o knight-service_n land_n whence_o then_o be_v it_o before_o i_o answer_v observe_v first_o with_o i_o for_o a_o answer_n to_o these_o passage_n in_o bracton_n that_o as_o before_o each_o of_o they_o in_o one_o â—_o place_n we_o have_v his_o si_fw-la haereâ—itas_fw-la partibilis_fw-la sit_fw-la &_o ab_fw-la antiquo_fw-la divisa_fw-la so_o likewise_o after_o they_o in_o another_o 2._o place_n his_fw-la tenementum_fw-la partibile_fw-la inter_fw-la plures_fw-la cohaeredes_fw-la &_o sempeâ—_n solet_fw-la dividi_fw-la ab_fw-la antiquo_fw-la whereby_o confer_v place_n with_o place_n for_o reconcile_a bracton_n to_o himself_o we_o may_v plain_o understand_v what_o be_v mean_v by_o those_o two_o meâ—ne_n or_o intervening_a passage_n in_o bracton_n namely_o that_o not_o the_o bare_a nature_n of_o the_o land_n but_o ancient_a custom_n joynâ—_n concurrence_n with_o it_o be_v intend_v and_o of_o he_o imply_v in_o each_o place_n though_o not_o express_v to_o render_v the_o land_n or_o inheritance_n partible_a the_o like_a help_n under_o favour_n must_v be_v allow_v glanvill_n to_o reconcile_v he_o sciendum_fw-la autem_fw-la quod_fw-la si_fw-la quis_fw-la liberum_fw-la habens_fw-la socagium_fw-la plures_fw-la habuerit_fw-la filios_fw-la qui_fw-la omnes_fw-la ad_fw-la hereditatem_fw-la equaliter_fw-la pro_fw-la equalibus_fw-la proportionibus_fw-la sunt_fw-la admittendi_fw-la lib._n 7._o cap._n 1._o fol._n 46._o a._n to_o he_o si_fw-mi vero_fw-la fuerit_fw-la libre_fw-la sokemannus_n tunc_fw-la quidem_fw-la dividetur_fw-la hereditas_fw-la inter_fw-la omnes_fw-la filios_fw-la quotquot_fw-la sunt_fw-la per_fw-la part_n equales_fw-la si_fw-la fuerit_fw-la socagium_fw-la &_o id_fw-la antiquitus_fw-la divisum_fw-la eod_fw-la lib._n cap._n 3._o fol._n 49._o a._n brief_o be_v it_o so_o that_o gavelkind-land_n be_v partible_a by_o virtue_n either_o of_o the_o name_n or_o nature_n of_o it_o without_o accession_n and_o concurrence_n of_o custom_n than_o all_o land_n as_o soon_o as_o grant_v out_o in_o gavelkynd_n whereof_o example_n be_v obvious_a and_o till_o the_o 1._o statute_n of_o quia_fw-la emptores_fw-la terrarum_fw-la frequent_a be_v ipso_fw-la facto_fw-la partible_fw-fr contrary_a to_o that_o common_a and_o receive_a ground_n whereof_o before_o that_o none_o be_v such_o i._n e._n partible_a with_o we_o except_o that_o descend_v for_o want_n of_o male_n to_o female_n but_o what_o be_v so_o by_o custom_n as_o than_o not_o to_o the_o name_n so_o neither_o to_o the_o nature_n of_o gavelkynd-land_n alone_o be_v such_o partition_n owe_v and_o be_v it_o then_o to_o custom_n or_o prescription_n for_o the_o latter_a it_o be_v clear_o repugnant_a to_o what_o be_v before_o lay_v down_o by_o way_n of_o ground_n or_o principle_n it_o be_v a_o know_a rule_n in_o our_o law_n and_o obvious_a in_o our_o book_n that_o prescription_n in_o our_o kentish_a gavelkynd_n as_o it_o be_v not_o want_v so_o neither_o be_v it_o admit_v to_o come_v in_o plea._n what_o say_v we_o then_o to_o custom_n sure_o since_o neither_o to_o the_o name_n or_o nature_n of_o the_o land_n nor_o to_o prescription_n nor_o yet_o neither_o to_o the_o common_a law_n so_o diametrical_o opposite_a to_o it_o to_o that_o i_o mean_v to_o custom_n it_o be_v or_o i_o know_v not_o else_o to_o what_o that_o this_o partition_n main_o owe_v itself_o agreeable_a whereto_o be_v that_o of_o 5â—4_n mr._n lambard_n where_o he_o say_v that_o no_o gavelkynd_n partition_n can_v be_v challenge_v but_o only_o where_o the_o custom_n of_o division_n have_v prevail_v and_o that_o gavelkynd_n be_v not_o try_v by_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o socage_n service_n but_o only_o by_o the_o touch_n of_o some_o former_a partition_n but_o if_o so_o than_o a_o objection_n here_o meet_v we_o resolve_v into_o a_o question_n thus_o what_o shall_v then_o be_v say_v to_o gavelkynd_n land_n of_o novel_a tenure_n upon_o the_o grant_n of_o land_n â—ill_v then_o happy_o hold_v in_o demesne_n to_o one_o or_o more_o person_n in_o gavelkynd_n as_o be_v usual_a before_o that_o statute_n of_o quia_fw-la emptores_fw-la terrarum_fw-la and_o until_o when_o a_o man_n may_v create_v in_o his_o land_n what_o tenure_n he_o please_v grant_v out_o as_o â—_o bracton_n have_v it_o in_o socage_n what_o he_o hold_v in_o knight-service_n and_o è_fw-la conuerso_fw-la what_o i_o say_v shall_v we_o resolve_v concern_v the_o point_n of_o partition_n here_o since_o no_o particular_a custom_n or_o usage_n of_o partition_n have_v ever_o take_v place_n to_o give_v to_o such_o division_n either_o foundation_n or_o precedent_n we_o be_v here_o i_o think_v threaten_v with_o a_o dilemma_n for_o either_o the_o land_n be_v not_o partible_a dilemma_n and_o why_o then_o call_v gavelkynd_n or_o if_o partible_a yet_o not_o by_o custom_n be_v but_o new_o turn_v from_o some_o other_o tenure_n into_o gavelkynd_n and_o want_v both_o time_n and_o the_o daughter_n of_o it_o usage_n the_o b._n essential_n of_o a_o custom_n to_o render_v it_o partible_a that_o way_n here_o then_o be_v work_n for_o a_o oedipus_n but_o the_o resolution_n of_o the_o main_a doubt_n to_o which_o i_o will_v now_o more_o close_o apply_v my_o stile_n will_v at_o once_o clear_a both_o truth_n be_v then_o that_o it_o be_v neither_o from_o custom_n alone_o nor_o yet_o from_o the_o nature_n of_o gavelkynd-land_n alone_o that_o this_o partition_n spring_v but_o partly_o from_o the_o one_o partly_o from_o the_o other_o and_o so_o from_o both_o together_o it_o must_v be_v grant_v that_o gavelkynd_n land_n ex_fw-la svi_fw-la naturâ_fw-la be_v partible_a thus_o far_o and_o in_o this_o sense_n that_o by_o a_o inherent_a quality_n it_o be_v capable_a of_o partition_n by_o custom_n that_o indeed_o may_v and_o do_v render_v it_o partible_a as_o knight-service_n land_n proper_o it_o can_v by_o reason_n of_o a_o repugnancy_n thereto_o in_o the_o nature_n thereof_o but_o in_o this_o respect_n it_o differ_v not_o from_o socage_n land_n in_o general_n which_o by_o the_o nature_n of_o it_o be_v capable_a of_o partition_n and_o by_o custom_n may_v be_v and_o in_o many_o place_n extra_fw-la cantium_n be_v partible_a where_o the_o plea_n i_o take_v it_o ought_v to_o run_v quod_fw-la terra_fw-la illa_fw-la à _fw-la toto_fw-la tempore_fw-la etc._n etc._n partibilis_fw-la fuit_fw-la &_o partita_fw-la agreeable_a with_o that_o of_o glanvill_n si_fw-la fuerit_fw-la socagium_fw-la &_o id_fw-la antiquitùs_fw-la divisum_fw-la which_o bracton_n seem_v somewhat_o more_o full_o to_o explain_v by_o he_o si_fw-la haereditas_fw-la partibilis_fw-la sit_fw-la &_o ab_fw-la antiquo_fw-la divisa_fw-la now_o then_o reddendo_fw-la singula_fw-la singulis_fw-la that_o such_o land_n be_v partibilis_fw-la ay_o e._n partible_a the_o former_a part_n of_o plea_n be_v in_o kent_z from_o gavelkynd_n elsewhere_o in_o particular_a manor_n at_o least_o from_o socage_n that_o it_o be_v or_o rather_o be_v antiquitùs_fw-la partita_fw-la i._n e._n ancient_o part_v the_o plea_n latter_a part_n be_v from_o custom_n or_o prescription_n partition_n in_o the_o mean_a while_n in_o our_o gavelkynd_n be_v but_o a_o single_a property_n or_o branch_n thereof_o induce_v by_o custom_n the_o term_n in_o its_o full_a latitude_n comprehend_v all_o other_o property_n accompany_v land_n of_o that_o nature_n and_o tenure_n such_o as_o dower_n of_o the_o moiety_n suffer_v for_o felony_n without_o forfeiture_n of_o estate_n and_o the_o rest_n contain_v in_o the_o kentish_a custumal_a as_o proper_o depend_v of_o gavelkynd_n as_o partition_n do_v and_o in_o respect_n whereof_o the_o land_n may_v as_o well_o be_v call_v gavelkynd_n as_o because_o of_o partition_n but_o admit_v socage-land_n to_o be_v general_o by_o the_o objection_n nature_n of_o it_o consuetudine_fw-la mediante_fw-la capable_a of_o partition_n as_o well_o a_o gavelkynd_n how_o come_v it_o then_o to_o pass_v will_n some_o say_v that_o this_o partition-property_n be_v more_o appropriate_a to_o it_o than_o socage-land_n in_o general_n and_o that_o they_o so_o much_o differ_v in_o their_o term_n from_o the_o agreement_n of_o the_o kentish-man_n with_o the_o conqueror_n â—aith_o the_o common_a opinion_n i_o shall_v answer_v that_o anon_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n say_v we_o not_o but_o now_o that_o custom_n be_v the_o thing_n whereto_o we_o owe_v this_o partition_n and_o if_o so_o why_o then_o seek_v we_o any_o further_o after_o its_o original_n custom_n we_o know_v cease_v to_o be_v custom_n when_o once_o they_o can_v be_v trace_v to_o their_o first_o beginning_n it_o be_v the_o main_a essential_a part_n of_o a_o
custom_n to_o be_v of_o a_o unknown_a rise_n but_o be_v it_o so_o that_o custom_n carry_v such_o a_o stroke_n objection_n here_o what_o kind_n of_o custom_n be_v it_o or_o how_o shall_v we_o find_v such_o a_o custom_n for_o it_o as_o may_v consist_v with_o gavelkynd-land_n of_o novel_a tenure_n whereof_o before_o so_o often_o hic_fw-la laâ—or_fw-la hoc_fw-la opus_fw-la est_fw-la here_o be_v the_o point_n indeed_o why_o in_o solution_n short_a it_o be_v no_o other_o than_o a_o custom_n general_o spread_v itself_o throughout_o the_o whole_a country_n in_o land_n of_o that_o nature_n what_o elsewhere_o i_o mean_v in_o other_o shire_n and_o county_n they_o proper_o call_v by_o the_o name_n of_o socage_n whether_o free_a or_o base_a we_o here_o in_o kent_n be_v wont_a to_o call_v by_o the_o name_n of_o gavelkynd_n or_o if_o you_o please_v in_o 545._o mr._n lambards_n expression_n all_o socage_n service_n here_o proper_o so_o call_v be_v clothe_v with_o the_o apparel_n of_o gavelkynd_n and_o under_o it_o in_o a_o large_a acception_n be_v understand_v all_o such_o land_n within_o the_o county_n as_o be_v not_o knights-fee_n or_o knights-service_n land_n the_o term_n serve_v here_o as_o that_o of_o socage_n elsewhere_o to_o contradistinguish_v iâ—_n from_o knight-service_n land_n as_o fief_n roturier_n or_o rather_o â—nheritence_n roturier_n all_o other_o be_v improper_o and_o corrupt_o call_v fief_n or_o fee_n that_o be_v not_o hold_v militiae_fw-la gratiâ_fw-la the_o ground_n of_o all_o 260._o fee_n be_v use_v in_o normandy_n to_o difference_n that_o from_o fief_n de_fw-fr haubert_n or_o noble_a fief_n now_o into_o all_o land_n of_o this_o kind_n by_o a_o general_a or_o universal_a custom_n of_o the_o whole_a county_n have_v this_o property_n of_o partition_n be_v introduce_v insomuch_o as_o what_o land_n be_v grant_v out_o in_o gavelkynd_n by_o such_o as_o before_o hold_v it_o in_o dâ—mesne_n or_o the_o like_a as_o for_o want_v of_o time_n and_o usage_n it_o have_v no_o particular_a custom_n introductive_a of_o that_o property_n of_o partition_n so_o neither_o do_v it_o want_v the_o same_o the_o generality_n of_o the_o custom_n extend_v itself_o to_o all_o censual_a land_n or_o land_n let_v out_o for_o cens_n and_o suffice_v to_o render_v it_o partible_a as_o occasion_n shall_v be_v offer_v though_o but_o new_o dimise_v to_o this_o purpose_n 536._o mr._n lambard_n although_o say_v he_o iâ—_n be_v so_o that_o the_o land_n be_v never_o depart_v in_o deed_n yet_o if_o it_o remain_v partible_a in_o nature_n it_o may_v be_v depart_v whensoever_o occasion_n shall_v be_v minister_v grant_v out_o i_o say_v and_o hold_v in_o term_n for_o cens_n conceive_v a_o necessity_n of_o that_o or_o the_o like_a expression_n in_o the_o habendâ—m_fw-la or_o other_o part_n of_o the_o grant_n to_o make_v it_o capable_a of_o this_o and_o the_o other_o property_n incident_a to_o gavelkynd_n not_o intend_v here_o the_o very_a numerical_a word_n or_o term_n gavelkynd_n but_o that_o or_o some_o other_o of_o equivalent_a sense_n and_o signification_n with_o it_o for_o example_n reddendo_fw-la such_fw-mi or_o such_o a_o sum_n de_fw-fr gablo_fw-mi de_fw-fr censu_fw-la and_o the_o like_a whereof_o for_o illustration_n sake_n expect_v some_o copy_n of_o old_a grant_n in_o the_o 3._o appendix_n to_o this_o discourse_n these_o indeed_o &_o such_o as_o these_o be_v the_o more_o usual_a expression_n in_o elder_a grant_n that_o of_o tenendum_fw-la in_o gavelkynd_n &_o the_o like_a be_v seek_v of_o i_o in_o vain_a before_o h._n 2._o day_n nor_o afore-time_o do_v the_o term_n occur_v in_o any_o writing_n or_o monument_n whatsoever_o save_v only_o in_o this_o passage_n in_o spot_n st._n augustine_n monk_n and_o chronicler_n at_o canterbury_n who_o â—aith_n that_o anno_fw-la 1063._o abbas_n tradidit_fw-la terram_fw-la de_fw-fr dene_fw-mi in_fw-la gavelkende_v blakemanno_n &_o athelredo_fw-la â—iliis_fw-la brithmâ—â—i_fw-la but_o from_o hen._n 2._o day_n downward_o it_o be_v obvious_a in_o many_o grant_v of_o land_n record_v and_o extant_a in_o the_o leiger_n of_o christchurch_n canterbury_n the_o laâ—e_a abbey_n of_o st._n augustine_n there_o and_o many_o other_o of_o the_o kentish_a religious_a house_n until_o about_o the_o time_n of_o that_o 1._o statute_n quia_fw-la emptores_fw-la terrarum_fw-la which_o forbid_v the_o let_v out_o of_o land_n by_o any_o man_n to_o be_v hold_v of_o himself_o and_o consequent_o cut_v off_o all_o new_a tenor_n and_o the_o creation_n thereof_o stop_v the_o current_n of_o all_o such_o grant_n of_o land_n in_o gavelkynd_n for_o the_o future_a that_o such_o a_o expression_n as_o tenendum_fw-la in_fw-la or_o ad_fw-la gavelkynd_n or_o the_o like_a be_v necessary_a to_o render_v the_o grant_v land_n partible_a after_o the_o custom_n of_o gavelkynd_n without_o the_o help_n of_o prescription_n requisite_a in_o partible_a land_n elsewhere_o out_o of_o kent_n may_v in_o part_n appear_v by_o a_o record_n of_o a_o controversy_n happen_v now_o full_o 400_o year_n ago_o between_o one_o burga_n sometime_o the_o wife_n of_o peter_n the_o bend_v plaintiff_n and_o the_o prior_n and_o covent_n of_o christ-church_n canterbury_n deforciant_fw-la or_o defendant_n touch_v the_o moiety_n of_o the_o manor_n of_o well_o by_o they_o grant_v to_o her_o say_a husband_n ad_fw-la feodi_fw-la firmam_fw-la challenge_v by_o her_o feversham_n tanquam_fw-la francus_fw-la bancus_fw-la suus_fw-la which_o controversy_n be_v debate_v and_o decide_v in_o eire_n and_o be_v record_v in_o the_o leiger_n of_o that_o church_n from_o whence_o i_o shall_v present_v the_o reader_n with_o a_o copy_n of_o it_o not_o unworthy_a his_o perusal_n in_o the_o fore-remembred_n appendix_n scriptura_fw-la 5._o nevertheless_o it_o will_v here_o i_o think_v be_v necessary_a that_o we_o distinguish_v time_n for_o what_o at_o first_o in_o kent_n be_v only_o partible_a because_o of_o the_o tenure_n in_o gavelkynd_n i_o persuade_v myself_o be_v afterward_o in_o tract_n of_o time_n partible_a and_o do_v communicate_v with_o gavelkynd-land_n in_o that_o property_n by_o be_v socage_n land_n though_o not_o express_o hold_v in_o gavelkynd_n it_o suffice_v at_o length_n to_o show_v as_o 538._o mr._n lambard_n have_v it_o the_o custom_n at_o large_a and_o to_o say_v that_o the_o land_n lie_v in_o kent_n and_o that_o all_o the_o land_n there_o be_v of_o the_o nature_n of_o gavelkynd_n by_o what_o mean_v this_o be_v wrought_v or_o by_o what_o degree_n our_o socage_n land_n arrive_v at_o this_o universality_n of_o partiblenesse_n be_v not_o so_o easy_o discover_v that_o the_o sundry_a favour_n of_o gavelkynd_n custom_n shall_v iutice_v many_o to_o creep_v into_o it_o and_o by_o one_o and_o one_o upon_o occasion_n of_o the_o intestine_a trouble_n that_o ensue_v the_o deprivation_n of_o king_n richard_n the_o second_o to_o shroud_v and_o cover_v themselves_o under_o the_o safety_n and_o shadow_n of_o the_o privilege_n that_o do_v wait_v upon_o it_o be_v a_o opinion_n of_o some_o whereunto_o i_o can_v subscribe_v as_o conceive_v no_o tenor_n in_o gavelkynd_n to_o be_v so_o late_o as_o rich_a 2._o day_n which_o this_o opinion_n will_v infer_v with_o what_o consistencie_n with_o the_o 1._o statute_n of_o quia_fw-la emptores_fw-la terrarum_fw-la make_v so_o long_o before_o and_o prohibit_v the_o creation_n of_o new_a tenor_n i_o can_v see_v but_o to_o let_v the_o manner_n pass_v the_o thing_n the_o overspreading_a the_o country_n in_o process_n of_o time_n with_o this_o tenure_n be_v very_o obvious_a and_o apparent_a witness_v a_o ancient_a statute_n make_v anno_o 18._o hen._n 6._o cap._n 2_o take_v knowledge_n that_o there_o be_v not_o at_o that_o day_n within_o the_o shire_n above_o xl_o person_n which_o have_v land_n to_o the_o yearly_a value_n of_o xx_o pound_n without_o the_o tenure_n of_o gavelkind_a and_o the_o great_a part_n of_o this_o county_n or_o well_o nigh_o all_o be_v then_o within_o this_o tenure_n to_o proceed_v ascribe_v this_o property_n of_o partition_n in_o gavelkynd-land_n to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o country_n what_o shall_v be_v say_v then_o to_o the_o partible_a land_n more_o or_o less_o abroad_o in_o other_o county_n â—_o be_v such_o gavelkynd-land_n and_o so_o to_o be_v call_v or_o not_o or_o be_v it_o from_o gavelkynd_n that_o such_o partition_n there_o obtein_v i_o conceive_v not_o for_o first_o our_o kentish_a gavelkynd_n custom_n consider_v collective_o with_o respect_n to_o all_o its_o branch_n be_v not_o to_o be_v restrain_v to_o this_o one_o particular_a property_n but_o as_o before_o be_v intimate_v consist_v of_o many_o other_o as_o singular_a property_n beside_o and_o which_o may_v as_o well_o challenge_v a_o share_n and_o right_n in_o the_o custom_n name_n as_o may_v that_o of_o partition_n such_o as_o be_v dower_n of_o the_o moiety_n not_o to_o forfeit_v land_n for_o felony_n and_o the_o like_a and_o though_o in_o point_n of_o partition_n it_o may_v be_v like_o we_o in_o kent_n yet_o in_o other_o
property_n incident_a to_o our_o gavelkynd_n it_o may_v and_o no_o doubt_n but_o do_v differ_v from_o it_o beside_o that_o such_o partible_a land_n elsewhere_o shall_v be_v call_v gavelkynd_n will_v not_o stand_v with_o out_o premise_a ground_n exclude_v prescription_n in_o gavelkynd_n land_n whereas_o in_o such_o place_n abroad_o though_o haply_o not_o in_o whole_a county_n yet_o in_o particular_a manor_n i_o conceive_v it_o be_v necessary_a even_o in_o their_o gavellond_n whereof_o i_o find_v mention_v make_v in_o several_a manor_n out_o of_o kent_n as_o some_o in_o kent_n to_o show_v quod_fw-la terra_fw-la illa_fw-la à _fw-la toto_fw-la tempore_fw-la etc._n etc._n partibilis_fw-la fuit_fw-la &_o partita_fw-la the_o accustomable_a actual_a partition_n of_o it_o be_v there_o as_o necessary_a to_o be_v plead_v and_o prove_v as_o its_o capability_n of_o such_o a_o property_n add_v hereunto_o that_o if_o all_o partible_a land_n be_v gavelkynd_n render_v such_o by_o partition_n alone_o then_o be_v â—â—_o bracton_n sicut_fw-la de_fw-fr gavelkynd_n vel_fw-la alibi_fw-la ubi_fw-la terra_fw-la est_fw-la partibilis_fw-la ratione_fw-la terrae_fw-la a_o improper_a expression_n we_o be_v tell_v that_o this_o custom_n of_o gavelkynd_n partition_n take_v place_n have_v do_v at_o least_o in_o other_o country_n or_o county_n beside_o kent_n and_o littleton_n instance_v in_o north-wales_n but_o what_o custom_n i_o pray_v a_o custom_n indeed_o like_v to_o that_o in_o the_o scottish_a 27._o socage_n land_n of_o partition_n that_o be_v true_a and_o testimony_n of_o it_o be_v obvious_a such_o as_o beside_o that_o of_o littleton_n statutum_n walliae_n the_o welsh_a history_n and_o some_o act_n of_o 207._o parliament_n but_o still_o i_o say_v no_o gavelkynd-custome_n take_v in_o its_o true_a plenary_a and_o complete_a acception_n comprise_v all_o the_o property_n of_o it_o obvious_a in_o the_o custumal_a as_o then_o for_o other_o countrymen_n communicate_v with_o we_o of_o kent_n in_o the_o tenure_n i_o conceive_v it_o first_o come_v up_o by_o way_n of_o imitation_n of_o our_o example_n in_o ireland_n especial_o and_o among_o the_o welshman_n in_o who_o vocabulary_a or_o dictionary_n the_o word_n be_v seek_v in_o vain_a as_o it_o be_v also_o in_o that_o old_a statute_n which_o concern_v they_o statutum_n walliae_fw-la where_o though_o mention_n may_v be_v find_v of_o a_o custom_n there_o obtain_v of_o partition_n of_o their_o land_n like_v to_o that_o of_o our_o kentish_a gavelkynd_n yet_o without_o any_o one_o word_n of_o gavelkynd_n and_o if_o perhaps_o it_o may_v be_v find_v in_o their_o deed_n charter_n or_o other_o record_n yet_o as_o one_o 168._o say_v in_o a_o case_n not_o much_o unlike_a condition_v to_o this_o of_o we_o who_o word_n with_o very_o little_a variation_n i_o shall_v therefore_o take_v up_o here_o suspicari_fw-la licet_fw-la hanc_fw-la voâ—em_fw-la pluribus_fw-la illorum_fw-la chartis_fw-la actisque_fw-la publicis_fw-la nâ—n_fw-la tam_fw-la illorum_fw-la quam_fw-la pragmaticorum_fw-la usu_fw-la ac_fw-la instituto_fw-la invectam_fw-la i_o e._n it_o be_v to_o be_v suspect_v that_o it_o have_v its_o imposition_n and_o be_v first_o transmit_v hither_o by_o our_o lawyer_n who_o borrow_v the_o term_n to_o make_v use_n of_o it_o for_o illustration_n sake_n like_v as_o of_o late_a i_o be_o persuade_v the_o parliament_n do_v in_o that_o stat._n 34._o hen._n 8_o cap._n 26._o where_o the_o term_n of_o gavelkynd_n haply_o be_v but_o borrow_v to_o help_v describe_v and_o illustrate_v that_o partible_a quality_n there_o mention_v of_o the_o land_n in_o wales_n which_o i_o be_o the_o more_o induce_v to_o conceive_v because_o in_o a_o former_a statute_n concern_v wales_n namely_o that_o of_o the_o 27_o of_o the_o same_o king_n cap._n 26._o make_v mention_n of_o this_o partition_n gavelkynd_n be_v not_o at_o all_o remember_v in_o imitation_n then_o as_o i_o conceive_v of_o the_o kentish-man_n the_o generality_n of_o who_o partible_a land_n of_o long_a time_n have_v notorious_o be_v know_v by_o that_o title_n and_o who_o land_n alone_o of_o all_o the_o county_n of_o england_n at_o this_o day_n be_v of_o the_o nature_n of_o gavelkynd_n of_o common_a â—_o right_n this_o name_n or_o term_v of_o gavelkynd_n in_o land_n elsewhere_o of_o like_a condition_n in_o matter_n of_o descent_n have_v be_v take_v up_o and_o be_v retain_v by_o that_o which_o have_v be_v say_v i_o may_v be_v think_v to_o objection_n incline_v to_o their_o opinion_n who_o hold_v that_o socage_n and_o gavelkynd_n be_v synonyma_fw-la term_n identical_a and_o of_o one_o and_o the_o same_o signification_n here_o in_o kent_n and_o that_o consequent_o what_o land_n here_o be_v of_o gavelkynd-nature_n be_v of_o socage-tenure_n as_o on_o the_o other_o side_n what_o land_n be_v of_o socage-tenure_n be_v of_o gavelkynd-nature_n i_o answer_v no_o solution_n for_o i_o require_v in_o this_o case_n i_o mean_v to_o make_v socage_n land_n here_o in_o kent_n ipso_fw-la facto_fw-la partible_fw-fr after_o the_o custom_n of_o gavelkynd_n that_o it_o be_v grant_v out_o and_o hold_v in_o gavelkynd_n 9_o express_o or_o in_o term_n equivalent_a as_o i_o say_v before_o yet_o with_o that_o distinction_n ofttimes_o wherewith_o i_o there_o qualify_v it_o notwithstanding_o i_o be_o not_o of_o their_o mind_n who_o distinguish_v between_o free_a and_o base_a socage_n in_o kent_n make_v the_o nature_n of_o their_o descent_n divers_a the_o free_a socage_n say_v they_o descend_v to_o the_o elder_a alone_a the_o base_a fall_n in_o division_n between_o he_o and_o all_o his_o brethren_n thus_o 593._o mr._n lambard_n in_o the_o person_n of_o other_o to_o help_v justify_v who_o distinction_n with_o the_o inference_n upon_o it_o he_o there_o exhibit_v a_o inquisition_n take_v after_o the_o death_n of_o one_o walter_n culpepper_n make_v mention_n of_o divers_a parcel_n of_o land_n and_o annual_a rent_n hold_v by_o the_o decease_a at_o his_o death_n some_o in_o liberum_fw-la feodum_fw-la other_o in_o gavelkynd_n the_o former_a of_o which_o by_o the_o verdict_n of_o the_o jury_n be_v to_o go_v to_o the_o decease_v elder_a son_n 11._o alone_o the_o latter_a in_o common_a among_o he_o and_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o brethren_n thus_o the_o inquisition_n which_o as_o mr._n lambard_n there_o follow_v it_o clear_o distinguish_v free_a socage_n from_o the_o gavelkynd_n interpret_n it_o seem_v liberum_fw-la feodum_fw-la there_o by_o free_a socage_n and_o it_o may_v be_v right_o however_o i_o crave_v leave_n of_o dissent_n and_o as_o it_o be_v but_o fit_a shall_v give_v my_o reason_n for_o my_o part_n i_o never_o find_v free_a socage_n any_o where_o express_v by_o that_o term_n or_o in_o latin_a render_v liberum_fw-la feodum_fw-la nor_o perhaps_o to_o those_o of_o more_o diligence_n and_o more_o conversant_a with_o our_o law-record_n than_o myself_o have_v it_o ever_o occur_v under_o that_o notion_n nor_o have_v i_o meet_v with_o any_o free_a socage_n as_o this_o here_o not_o subject_a to_o the_o render_n of_o some_o kind_n of_o service_n either_o in_o denariu_n or_o otherwise_o by_o liberum_fw-la feodum_fw-la i_o understand_v sometime_o feodum_fw-la feodum_fw-la militare_fw-la which_o be_v often_o in_o old_a record_n call_v liberum_fw-la feodum_fw-la in_o a_o very_a ancient_a cant._n rental_a of_o southmal_v manor_n in_o sussex_n we_o have_v this_o title_n liberi_fw-la feodi_fw-la and_o under_o it_o godefridus_n walensis_n tenet_fw-la 111_o feodos_fw-la milit_fw-la in_fw-it tenemento_fw-it de_fw-it malling_n &_o quartam_fw-la partem_fw-la unius_fw-la feodi_fw-la apud_fw-la ter_v per_fw-la liberum_fw-la servitium_fw-la armorum_fw-la suorum_fw-la willmus_fw-la de_fw-la bransa_n tenuit_fw-la apud_fw-la adburton_n unum_fw-la feodum_fw-la militis_fw-la per_fw-la liberum_fw-la servitium_fw-la armorum_fw-la suorum_fw-la and_o so_o some_o other_o apposite_z here_o be_v that_o of_o â—_o bracton_n notandum_fw-la say_v he_o quoth_v in_o servitio_fw-la militari_fw-la non_fw-la dicitur_fw-la per_fw-la liberum_fw-la servitium_fw-la &_o ideo_fw-la quiaconstat_fw-la quod_fw-la feodum_fw-la tale_n liberum_fw-la est_fw-la etc._n etc._n sometime_o also_o by_o liberum_fw-la feodum_fw-la i_o understand_v what_o i_o conceive_v it_o do_v principal_o denote_v unto_o we_o frank_n fee_n that_o be_v by_o the_o feudist_n definition_n such_o prâ—_n quâ—_n nullum_fw-la omninâ—_n servitium_fw-la 353._o praestatur_fw-la and_o therefore_o be_v of_o they_o reckon_v inter_fw-la feudastra_fw-mi or_o feuda_fw-la impropria_fw-la and_o such_o as_o this_o seem_v to_o be_v mean_v by_o liberum_fw-la feâ—dum_fw-la in_o that_o inquisition_n because_o it_o be_v there_o in_o terminis_fw-la express_v to_o be_v hold_v just_a after_o the_o manner_n of_o frank_n fee_n by_o the_o precedent_a definition_n of_o it_o absque_fw-la aliquo_fw-la servitio_fw-la inde_fw-la faciendo_fw-la and_o if_o frank_n fee_n then_o in_o probability_n not_o socage_n for_o as_o all_o the_o land_n in_o the_o realm_n say_v our_o book_n be_v either_o ancient_n demesne_n or_o frank_n fee_n so_o none_o say_v they_o be_v to_o be_v account_v ancient_n demesne_n but_o such_o as_o be_v hold_v in_o fitzherbert_n socage_n
frank_n fee_fw-mi then_o be_v oppose_v to_o ancient_n demesne_n which_o be_v socage_n can_v itself_o be_v socage_n nor_o will_n bractons_n distinction_n of_o socage_n into_o liberum_fw-la and_o villanum_fw-la apply_v to_o that_o difference_n in_o mr._n lambard_n of_o free_a and_o base_a socage_n by_o which_o the_o one_o shall_v consist_v of_o money_n and_o the_o other_o of_o base_a service_n be_v warrant_v as_o himself_o there_o observe_v from_o the_o ensue_a inquisition_n some_o land_n be_v therein_o denote_v to_o be_v of_o gavelkynd-nature_n which_o nevertheless_o do_v yield_v none_o other_o but_o money_n alone_o and_o none_o there_o of_o that_o nature_n charge_v with_o work_n beside_o that_o of_o suit_n of_o court_n improper_o call_v work_n as_o not_o come_v under_o the_o notion_n either_o of_o manuopera_n or_o carropera_n to_o which_o double_a head_n all_o work_n of_o this_o kind_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v refer_v hence_o let_v none_o persuade_v themselves_o that_o gavelkynd-land_n be_v not_o or_o by_o its_o nature_n be_v not_o liable_a to_o work_n for_o albeit_o that_o 66._o of_o king_n ina_n law_n in_o the_o archaion_n seem_v to_o counter-distinguish_a gafol_n and_o wâ—rk_v and_o though_o moreover_o gafolland_n and_o werkland_n werkland_n occur_v in_o some_o manor_n out_o of_o kent_n as_o of_o a_o distinct_a and_o different_a nature_n yet_o both_o servile_a and_o oppose_v to_o what_o there_o be_v call_v terra_fw-la libera_fw-la denote_v i_o suppose_v free_a socage_n yet_o most_o certain_a it_o be_v that_o both_o gablum_fw-la and_o opera_fw-la do_v often_o meet_v and_o be_v find_v in_o gavelkynd-land_n witness_v the_o old_a custumal_a of_o monkton_n manor_n in_o thanet_n belong_v to_o the_o church_n of_o canterbury_n mention_v the_o particular_n of_o what_o servile_a work_v the_o tenant_n there_o stand_v charge_v with_o for_o the_o 18_o swolings_n so_o many_o plough-land_n i_o take_v 211._o it_o hold_v of_o the_o monk_n in_o gavelkynd_n witness_v also_o this_o passage_n in_o king_n john_n charter_n make_v to_o hubert_n the_o archbishop_n for_o the_o change_a gavelkynd-land_n into_o knights-fee_n at_o large_a exemplify_v by_o mr._n lambard_n peramb_v pag._n 531._o xenia_n averagia_n &_o alia_fw-la opera_fw-la quae_fw-la fiebant_fw-la de_fw-la terris_fw-la iisdem_fw-la convertantur_fw-la in_o redditum_fw-la denariorum_fw-la aequivalentur_fw-la witness_v in_o the_o three_o and_o last_o place_n not_o to_o multiply_v instance_n in_o a_o case_n so_o clear_a a_o inquisition_n find_v after_o the_o death_n of_o isabel_n de_fw-fr monte_fw-fr alto_fw-mi widow_n sometime_o of_o orpington_n record_v in_o a_o lieger_n of_o that_o cathedral_n whereof_o expect_v a_o copy_n in_o the_o appendix_n scriptura_fw-la 10._o it_o be_v true_a indeed_o at_o this_o day_n and_o time_n out_o of_o mind_n haply_o from_o richard_n the_o second_o lazzi_n time_n such_o servile_a work_n proper_o call_v villein-service_n have_v be_v as_o they_o still_o be_v intermit_v or_o rather_o quite_o cease_v insomuch_o as_o all_o our_o gavelkynd-land_n in_o point_n of_o service_n now_o differ_v nothing_o from_o free_a socage_n as_o it_o stand_v describe_v and_o define_v of_o bracton_n be_v such_o ubi_fw-la fit_a servitium_fw-la in_o denariis_fw-la to_o use_v his_o own_o word_n all_o the_o tenant_n burden_n his_o whole_a service_n be_v only_a servitium_fw-la crumenae_fw-la pecuniary_a such_o as_o payment_n of_o money_n for_o rent_n suit_n of_o court_n and_o such_o like_a nay_o in_o many_o grant_v of_o land_n in_o gavelkynd_n that_o i_o have_v see_v i_o find_v no_o tie_n at_o all_o upon_o the_o tenant_n no_o covenant_n or_o contract_n between_o his_o lord_n and_o he_o to_o require_v of_o he_o any_o such_o base_a service_n there_o be_v ut_fw-la communiter_fw-la and_o regular_o a_o reservation_n only_o of_o rent_n in_o money_n suit_n to_o his_o court_n or_o the_o like_a yet_o i_o must_v tell_v you_o as_o a_o reason_n hereof_o in_o my_o judgement_n that_o though_o gavelkynd_n in_o the_o genuine_a sense_n sound_a land_n let_v for_o gable_n cens_fw-la or_o rend_v consist_v chief_o in_o denariis_fw-la whence_o in_o a_o old_a cant._n custumal_a of_o eastry_n manor_n in_o kent_n i_o read_v in_o eodem_fw-la manerio_fw-la mutati_fw-la sunt_fw-la octo_fw-la cotarii_fw-la pro_fw-la gavelkende_v medlefâ—rm_v tenet_fw-la unum_fw-la messuagium_fw-la tres_fw-la acras_fw-la quae_fw-la solent_fw-la esse_fw-la cotar_n modo_fw-la reddit_fw-la xl_o d._n de_fw-fr gablo_fw-mi and_o so_o divers_a more_o which_o haply_o will_v be_v better_o understand_v if_o i_o add_v what_o occurr_n in_o a_o old_a accompt-roll_n of_o the_o archbishop_n manor_n for_o the_o year_n 1230._o in_o charing_n bailive_v receipt_n et_fw-fr de_fw-fr xiij_o s._n iiij_o d._n the_o fine_a cotariorum_n ut_fw-la coteriae_fw-la suae_fw-la ponerentur_fw-la ad_fw-la redditum_fw-la yet_o common_o upon_o such_o grant_v in_o gavelkynd_n the_o tenant_n pareâ—d_v with_o such_o a_o sum_n of_o money_n to_o his_o lord_n in_o gersumam_fw-la i._n e._n in_o consideration_n of_o gersuma_n that_o grant_n and_o by_o way_n of_o fine_a as_o may_v seem_v equivalent_a to_o the_o base_a service_n otherwise_o imposeable_a and_o to_o have_v be_v charge_v upon_o that_o land_n and_o upon_o the_o tenant_n in_o respect_n thereof_o or_o if_o not_o probable_o as_o in_o gavelkynd-land_n by_o virtue_n of_o king_n john_n forementioned_a charter_n turn_v into_o knights-fee_n he_o have_v his_o rent_n enhance_v and_o augment_v to_o a_o equivalent_a value_n of_o his_o service_n to_o be_v redeem_v the_o cause_n in_o chief_a of_o the_o excuse_n of_o gavelkynd-man_n from_o base_a service_n of_o latter_a time_n and_o at_o this_o day_n be_v i_o conceive_v no_o other_o than_o the_o tenant_n buy_v they_o out_o and_o consequent_o the_o change_n of_o the_o same_o as_o littleton_n have_v it_o of_o socage_n in_o general_n into_o money_n by_o the_o mutual_a consent_n of_o lord_n and_o tenant_n whereof_o expect_v some_o example_n to_o be_v present_v in_o the_o appendix_n scripture_n 11_o and_o 12._o in_o the_o mean_a time_n have_v here_o a_o instance_n or_o two_o take_v from_o some_o old_a accompt-roll_n of_o the_o archbishop_n manor_n of_o this_o and_o that_o sum_n pay_v &_o receive_v for_o enfranchise_v the_o land_n from_o custom_n and_o service_n and_o change_v it_o into_o knights-fee_n whereof_o in_o the_o last-remembred_n accompt-roll_n and_o in_o the_o receipt_n of_o ceâ—ring_v now_o call_v charing_n manor_n there_o et_fw-fr de_fw-fr ij_o s._n ix_o d._n ob_fw-la de_fw-fr incremento_fw-la redditus_fw-la thomae_fw-la de_fw-la bernfeuld_fw-mi de_fw-fr termino_fw-la sancti_fw-la johannis_n ut_fw-la terra_fw-la sua_fw-la de_fw-la caetero_fw-la sit_fw-la libera_fw-la de_fw-la consuetudinibus_fw-la per_fw-la feodum_fw-la militis_fw-la et_fw-fr de_fw-fr fourteen_o d._n quad_a de_fw-fr incremento_fw-la redditus_fw-la thomae_fw-la de_fw-la bend_v ut_fw-la terra_fw-la sua_fw-la sit_fw-la libera_fw-la per_fw-la feodum_fw-la militis_fw-la de_fw-la termino_fw-la s._n johannis_n and_o so_o some_o other_o there_o as_o also_o in_o maidstone_n and_o other_o archiepiscopal_a manor_n and_o such_o may_v well_o be_v reckon_v among_o land_n of_o that_o sort_n which_o in_o a_o copy_n of_o the_o book_n of_o aid_n cite_v by_o 533._o mr_n lambard_n be_v note_v to_o be_v hold_v in_o knights-service_n per_fw-la novam_fw-la licentiam_fw-la archiepiscopi_fw-la but_o to_o return_v to_o our_o gavelkynd_n which_o if_o not_o extensive_a to_o free_a socage_n they_o may_v seem_v to_o stand_v in_o need_n at_o this_o day_n of_o some_o other_o character_n to_o keep_v they_o unconfound_v than_o bracton_n in_o the_o definition_n and_o description_n of_o the_o latter_a do_v propose_v in_o regard_n the_o service_n of_o both_o equal_o consist_v in_o money_n to_o recapitulate_v now_o what_o have_v be_v deliver_v concern_v partition_n in_o kentish_a gavelkynd-land_n it_o be_v as_o have_v be_v show_v neither_o from_o the_o name_n nor_o from_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o land_n alone_o nor_o from_o prescription_n nor_o yet_o from_o any_o particular_a custom_n that_o this_o property_n there_o proceed_v but_o partly_o from_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o land_n and_o partly_o from_o custom_n not_o i_o say_v a_o particular_a one_o but_o a_o general_a custom_n extend_v throughout_o the_o whole_a county_n in_o censual_a land_n or_o land_n let_v for_o cens_n or_o what_o be_v all_o one_o with_o it_o gavel_n or_o gafol_n to_o say_v hold_v in_o fief_n or_o inheritance_n roturier_n as_o call_v in_o normandy_n and_o other_o part_n of_o france_n the_o antiquity_n whereof_o and_o how_o beginning_n in_o kent_n and_o why_o more_o general_a there_o than_o elsewhere_o shall_v be_v the_o argument_n of_o our_o next_o discourse_n proposition_n iii_o the_o antiquity_n of_o gavelkynd-custome_n in_o point_n especial_o of_o partition_n and_o why_o more_o general_a in_o kent_n than_o elsewhere_o master_n lambard_n 545._o incline_v in_o his_o opinion_n to_o conceive_v this_o custom_n bring_v hither_o out_o of_o normandy_n by_o odo_n earl_n of_o kent_n and_o bastard_n brother_n to_o king_n william_n the_o conqueror_n and_o that_o we_o
wear_v and_o beat_v out_o of_o state_n and_o therefore_o of_o necessity_n lie_v over_o year_n and_o be_v convert_v from_o tillage_n to_o pasture_n until_o it_o may_v recover_v state_n and_o be_v fit_a for_o tillage_n again_o the_o term_n or_o denomination_n come_v from_o the_o french_a susanné_fw-fr signify_v stale_a grow_v old_a past_o the_o best_a or_o overwear_v with_o year_n the_o eleven_o forland_n the_o same_o i_o take_v it_o that_o forland_n we_o otherwise_o use_v to_o call_v fore-aker_n whereof_o see_v more_o in_o sir_n henry_n spelmans_fw-mi glossary_a verb._n forera_n the_o twelve_o and_o last_o bord-land_n that_o hold_v and_o bord-land_n occupy_v by_o the_o bordarii_n or_o bordmanuâ—_n the_o same_o i_o take_v it_o with_o the_o french_a bordâ—ers_n i._n e._n villein_n or_o cottager_n such_o as_o hold_v by_o a_o servile_a base_a and_o drudge_a tenure_n of_o they_o call_v bordage_n you_o may_v read_v both_o of_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o in_o the_o old_a grand_fw-fr custumier_fw-fr of_o normandy_n cap._n 53._o within_o the_o â—ignification_n of_o the_o word_n bordland_n be_v comprehend_v also_o as_o be_v already_o hinâ—ed_v in_o this_o chapter_n land_v hold_v in_o demesme_fw-fr of_o the_o saxon_n term_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o design_v to_o the_o furnish_n of_o the_o lord_n board_n or_o table_n and_o the_o maintenance_n of_o he_o and_o his_o family_n in_o victual_n for_o which_o see_v bracton_n lib._n 4._o tract_n 3._o cap._n 9_o num_fw-la 5._o which_o kind_n of_o fosterland_n land_n the_o saxon_n use_v to_o call_v fosterland_n quasi_fw-la foster_a land_n that_o be_v land_n ad_fw-la victum_fw-la a_o term_n obvious_a and_o very_a frequent_a with_o the_o religious_a man_n of_o those_o day_n who_o as_o they_o have_v their_o special_a ferm_n and_o portion_n of_o land_n assign_v they_o ad_fw-la victum_fw-la so_o have_v they_o other_o as_o peculiar_a to_o their_o clothing_n or_o apparel_v land_n ad_fw-la vestitum_fw-la which_o from_o the_o saxon_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d vestis_fw-la or_o vestimentum_fw-la they_o call_v scrudland_n they_o have_v withal_o their_o sextary-land_n sextary-land_n which_o be_v such_o as_o appertein_v to_o the_o office_n and_o be_v entrust_v to_o the_o care_n of_o the_o sacrist_n or_o sexton_n and_o be_v design_v chief_o to_o the_o uphold_v &_o maintenance_n of_o their_o church_n or_o temple_n both_o in_o the_o fabric_n and_o ornament_n beside_o all_o these_o they_o have_v their_o almesâ—and_n which_o be_v that_o appropriate_a to_o their_o almnery_n almestand_n a_o parcel_n or_o place_n of_o the_o monastery_n set_v apart_o for_o harbour_n and_o relief_n to_o such_o poor_a people_n for_o the_o most_o part_n as_o be_v ally_v or_o otherwise_o relate_v to_o the_o monk_n i_o may_v not_o heâ—e_o omit_v over-land_n a_o name_n attribute_v over-land_n to_o such_o land_n as_o lie_v by_o or_o along_o a_o river_n side_n and_o come_v of_o the_o saxon_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d i._n e._n margo_fw-la the_o bank_n of_o a_o river_n whence_o that_o know_a place_n name_v lie_v by_o london_n alongst_o the_o thames-side_n call_v st._n marry_o oueris_n compound_v of_o the_o aforesaid_a over_o and_o ree_n betoken_v a_o river_n or_o current_n of_o water_n land_n of_o this_o name_n we_o have_v at_o or_o near_o ash_n in_o kent_n alongst_o the_o stour-side_n run_v to_o sandwich_n town_n and_o haven_n i_o may_v to_o these_o add_v monday-land_n and_o the_o like_a monday-land_n which_o with_o it_o fellow_n borrow_a denomination_n from_o this_o or_o that_o week_n day_n and_o that_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o tenant_n obligation_n to_o such_o or_o such_o servile_a work_n or_o service_n upon_o such_o or_o such_o day_n of_o the_o week_n in_o respect_n of_o that_o land_n but_o i_o purpose_v to_o digress_v no_o long_o have_v for_o brevity_n sake_n witting_o omit_v the_o quotation_n of_o the_o place_n where_o these_o several_a name_n occur_v which_o otherwise_o i_o shall_v willing_o have_v add_v and_o shall_v only_o in_o the_o appendix_n scriptura_fw-la 23._o present_v the_o reader_n with_o a_o copy_n of_o a_o saxon_a charter_n make_v mention_n of_o those_o two_o fosterland_n and_o scrudland_n as_o somewhat_o more_o remarkable_a than_o the_o rest_n now_o return_v to_o our_o bocland_n you_o must_v know_v that_o notwithstanding_o that_o introduction_n of_o new_a tenor_n by_o the_o conqueror_n we_o do_v not_o straightway_o forgo_v our_o bocland_n that_o kind_n of_o tenure_n i_o mean_v but_o retain_v it_o both_o name_n and_o thing_n witness_v first_o what_o occurr_v in_o cantuar._n a_o deed_n sans_o date_n of_o certain_a message_n by_o roger_n son_n of_o john_n alderman_n of_o radingate_n in_o canterbury_n grant_v in_o frankalmoigne_n to_o st._n laurence_n hospital_n near_o the_o city_n found_v by_o hugh_n of_o that_o name_n the_o second_o abbot_z of_o st._n augustine_n there_o in_o the_o year_n 1137._o viz._n duo_o messuagia_fw-la quae_fw-la sita_fw-la sunt_fw-la in_o terra_fw-la d_o bocland_n de_fw-fr qua_fw-la nulli_fw-la respondeâ—_n etc._n etc._n where_o we_o have_v not_o only_a bocland_n mention_v but_o the_o nature_n of_o it_o also_o in_o part_n seâ—_n forth_o witness_v also_o another_o passage_n to_o the_o same_o effect_n in_o a_o like_o ancient_a cant._n charter_n to_o the_o church_n of_o canterbury_n for_o the_o grant_n of_o a_o parcel_n of_o land_n lie_v without_o the_o wall_n of_o the_o city_n between_o queningate_n and_o burgâ—â—e_n run_v thus_o volo_fw-la autem_fw-la ut_fw-la monachi_fw-la teneant_fw-la terram_fw-la illam_fw-la omnino_fw-la liberam_fw-la sicut_fw-la ego_fw-la &_o antecessores_fw-la mei_fw-la &_o nemini_fw-la inde_fw-la respondeant_fw-la witness_v last_o domesday_n book_n itself_o where_o though_o haply_o not_o the_o name_n of_o it_o as_o neither_o of_o folcland_n saxon_a term_n both_o yet_o the_o thing_n to_o my_o apprehension_n be_v very_o obvious_a and_o often_o occur_v under_o the_o name_n and_o notion_n sometime_o of_o tainland_n otherwhile_o and_o i_o think_v more_o often_o of_o allodium_fw-la hence_o the_o phrase_n for_o the_o former_a of_o 170._o clamare_fw-la ad_fw-la tainland_n of_o tenere_fw-la in_o alodio_n for_o the_o other_o both_o take_v up_o as_o i_o conceive_v in_o opposition_n to_o fee_n but_o the_o former_a so_o term_v because_o indeed_o bocland_n or_o alodium_n be_v proper_o tenable_a by_o thanes_z hence_o in_o the_o eleven_o chapter_n of_o king_n cnute_n law_n par_fw-fr 1._o thegn_n and_o bocland_n in_o the_o original_a saxon_a as_o thegen_n and_o allodium_fw-la in_o the_o latin_a version_n in_o textus_fw-la roffensis_fw-la meet_v as_o relative_n not_o but_o that_o it_o be_v sometime_o hold_v by_o ceorles_n as_o who_o be_v not_o incapable_a of_o hold_v it_o witness_v the_o old_a version_n of_o the_o saxon_a fragment_n in_o mr._n lambard_n whereof_o before_o but_o when_o so_o as_o improper_o there_o and_o as_o much_o out_o of_o place_n as_o knight_n fee_n proper_a to_o knight_n and_o the_o noble_a sort_n of_o people_n be_v in_o this_o kingdom_n since_o and_o at_o this_o day_n in_o socagers_n hand_n or_o in_o the_o hand_n of_o sockman_n who_o proper_a tenure_n be_v that_o of_o gafolland_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d as_o you_o have_v it_o before_o i_o have_v often_o much_o wonder_v with_o myself_o whence_o it_o shall_v come_v to_o pass_v that_o diverse_a of_o our_o canterbury_n house_n and_o ground_n at_o this_o day_n pay_v no_o quitrent_n at_o all_o which_o other_o in_o the_o same_o place_n though_o hold_v in_o free_a burgage_n be_v know_v to_o do_v but_o consider_v afterward_o with_o myself_o that_o bocland_n often_o occurr_v in_o canterbury_n landboc_n as_o they_o be_v call_v of_o the_o place_n in_o the_o saxon_n time_n i_o at_o length_n conclude_v at_o least_o conceive_v such_o house_n and_o ground_n to_o be_v the_o remain_v of_o our_o ancient_a bocland_n which_o seem_v to_o be_v still_o survive_v in_o they_o as_o if_o hold_v in_o allodium_fw-la pleno_fw-la jure_fw-la without_o all_o manner_n of_o chargeable_a service_n and_o no_o other_o probable_o than_o part_n of_o those_o eighty_o acre_n of_o land_n or_o the_o like_a in_o canterbury_n survey_n in_o domesday-book_n thus_o express_v habet_fw-la etiam_fw-la it_o be_v speak_v of_o ranulfus_n de_fw-fr columber_n quater_fw-la viginti_fw-la aâ—r_fw-la as_o terrae_fw-la super_fw-la haec_fw-la quas_fw-la tenebant_fw-la burgenses_n in_o alodio_n so_o i_o read_v it_o rather_o than_o alodia_n de_fw-fr rege_fw-la or_o as_o a_o very_a ancient_a book_n sometime_o of_o st._n augustine_n abbey_n now_o with_o the_o king_n remembrancer_n in_o the_o exchequer_n read_v it_o item_n dicuat_fw-la burgenses_n quod_fw-la idem_fw-la ranulfus_n tenet_fw-la quatuâ—r_fw-la viginti_fw-la agros_fw-la de_fw-la allodiis_fw-la eorum_fw-la etc._n etc._n the_o same_o domesday-book_n to_o prosecute_v this_o discourse_n of_o allodium_fw-la a_o little_a further_o make_v mention_v particular_o of_o some_o allodiarii_n by_o name_n in_o that_o kentish_a survey_n allodiarii_fw-la and_o there_o also_o we_o may_v read_v to_o this_o
purpose_n have_v forisfactur_n as_o habet_fw-la rex_fw-la super_fw-la omnes_fw-la alodiarios_fw-la totius_fw-la comitatus_fw-la chent_fw-fr &_o super_fw-la homines_fw-la ipsorum_fw-la and_o in_o cantia_n quando_fw-la moritur_fw-la alodiarius_n rex_fw-la inde_fw-la habet_fw-la relevationem_fw-la terrae_fw-la excepta_fw-la terrae_fw-la s._n trinitatis_fw-la &_o s._n augustini_fw-la &_o s._n martini_n &_o exceptis_fw-la his_o godric_n de_fw-fr burnes_n &_o godric_n the_o carlesone_n &_o aelnold_n cilt_v &_o esber_n biga_fw-la siret_fw-la de_fw-fr cilleham_n these_o last_o three_o be_v mention_v also_o in_o the_o survey_n there_o of_o canterbury_n among_o those_o who_o land_n be_v sac_n and_o soc-free_a i._n e._n quit_v against_o the_o king_n of_o sac_n and_o soc_n &_o turgis_n &_o norman_a &_o azor._fw-la super_fw-la istos_fw-la habet_fw-la rex_fw-la forisfactur_n be_fw-mi de_fw-fr capitibus_fw-la eorum_fw-la tantummodc_fw-la &_o de_fw-fr terris_fw-la eorum_fw-la habent_fw-la relevamen_fw-la qui_fw-la habent_fw-la svam_fw-la socam_fw-la &_o sacam_fw-la i_o rather_o read_v it_o habent_fw-la than_o habet_fw-la relevamen_fw-la because_o by_o charter_n both_o of_o the_o cathedral_n and_o st._n augustine_n abbey_n of_o those_o succeed_a time_n i_o find_v the_o monk_n in_o each_o place_n privilege_v with_o the_o liberty_n of_o sac_n and_o soc_n etc._n etc._n over_o their_o allodiarii_n as_o term_v in_o the_o charter_n of_o the_o latter_a place_n over_o their_o thegnes_fw-la or_o thegnes_fw-la theine_n as_o in_o the_o former_a in_o what_o form_n of_o word_n see_v in_o theine_n the_o charter_n of_o each_o place_n for_o illustration_n sake_n copy_v in_o the_o appendix_n here_o scripture_n 19_o and_o 20._o and_o lest_o these_o various_a term_n allodiarii_n and_o thegnes_fw-la render_v they_o of_o a_o seem_a difference_n shall_v occasion_v any_o suspicion_n of_o their_o being_n not_o the_o same_o for_o your_o satisfaction_n to_o the_o contrary_a take_v this_o note_n along_o with_o you_o that_o those_o who_o in_o the_o latin_a charteis_fw-la of_o st._n augustine_n be_v term_v allodiarii_n in_o the_o very_a same_o charter_n exhibit_v in_o english_a like_v as_o in_o those_o at_o christchurch_n be_v style_v thegnes_fw-la but_o what_o may_v it_o be_v ask_v be_v they_o then_o which_o in_o some_o very_a ancient_a record_n of_o that_o cathedral_n be_v name_v threnge_n indeed_o i_o have_v meet_v with_o a_o record_n threnge_n there_o and_o you_o may_v meet_v with_o it_o here_o in_o the_o appendix_n scripture_n 21._o a_o choice_n one_o in_o my_o account_n as_o the_o book_n itself_o be_v iâ—_n seem_v in_o he_o who_o in_o the_o margin_n of_o the_o first_o page_n of_o it_o long_o since_o leave_v this_o note_n custodiatur_fw-la benè_fw-la iste_fw-la libellus_fw-la quia_fw-la etsi_fw-la appareat_fw-la non_fw-la valere_fw-la benè_fw-la tamen_fw-la valet_fw-la &_o est_fw-la libellus_fw-la satis_fw-la pretiosus_fw-la monachis_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la christi_fw-la which_o make_v no_o slight_a mention_n of_o such_o threnge_n belong_v to_o the_o monk_n there_o in_o these_o very_a word_n quia_fw-la verò_fw-la non_fw-la erant_fw-la adhuc_fw-la tempore_fw-la regis_fw-la will_v mi_o milites_fw-la in_o anglia_fw-it sed_fw-la threnge_n praecepit_fw-la rex_fw-la ut_fw-la de_fw-fr eye_n milites_fw-la fierent_fw-la ad_fw-la terram_fw-la defendendam_fw-la fecit_fw-la autem_fw-la lanfrancus_fw-la threngos_fw-la suos_fw-la milites_fw-la monachi_fw-la verò_fw-la non_fw-la fecerunt_fw-la sed_fw-la de_fw-la portione_fw-la sua_fw-la ducentas_fw-la libratas_fw-la terrae_fw-la dederunt_fw-la archiepiscope_n ut_fw-la per_fw-la milites_fw-la suos_fw-la terras_fw-la eorum_fw-la defenderet_fw-la &_o ut_fw-la omne_fw-la negotia_fw-la eorum_fw-la apud_fw-la curiam_fw-la romanam_fw-la suis_fw-la expensis_fw-la expediret_fw-la unde_fw-la ad_fw-la huc_fw-la in_o tota_fw-la terra_fw-la monachorum_fw-la nullus_fw-la mile_n est_fw-la sed_fw-la in_o terra_fw-la archiepiscopi_fw-la etc._n etc._n to_o this_o purpose_n gervasius_n dorobernensis_n than_o a_o monk_n of_o the_o place_n speak_v of_o the_o archbishop_n divide_v the_o revenue_n between_o himself_o and_o the_o monk_n sibi_fw-la etiam_fw-la say_v he_o râ—servaverunt_fw-la comites_fw-la barones_n &_o milites_fw-la monachis_fw-la verò_fw-la assignaverunt_fw-la rusticos_fw-la &_o agricultores_fw-la these_o threnge_n doubtless_o be_v the_o same_o which_o in_o domesday-book_n be_v somewhere_o call_v drench_n and_o drench_n if_o so_o your_o best_a satisfaction_n what_o they_o be_v will_v be_v from_o the_o word_n explication_n in_o sir_n hen._n spelman_n glossary_a but_o i_o think_v lay_v these_o record_n concern_v they_o together_o and_o then_o compare_v they_o wiâ—h_v the_o forecited_n ancient_a charter_n of_o liberty_n grant_v to_o the_o monk_n of_o christchurch_n and_o st._n augustine_n on_o the_o one_o hand_n and_o domesday-book_n on_o the_o other_o drench_n threnge_n thegnes_fw-la one_o and_o all_o may_v not_o unfit_o be_v render_v in_o that_o book_n phrase_n allodiarii_fw-la be_v such_o liberales_fw-la as_o the_o saxon_a thegnes_fw-la be_v not_o unusual_o turn_v in_o the_o old_a latin_a translation_n as_o thegenscipe_n by_o liberaliâ—as_n such_o ministri_fw-la fideles_fw-la servientes_fw-la nobiles_fw-la as_o be_v by_o these_o place_n dignify_v with_o some_o portion_n of_o their_o allodium_fw-la or_o bocland_n do_v militiam_fw-la ex_fw-la arbitrio_fw-la tractare_fw-la nullius_fw-la â—omini_fw-la imperio_fw-la evocati_fw-la nulloque_fw-la feodali_fw-la gravamine_fw-la coerciti_fw-la as_o our_o learned_a glossarist_n concern_v allodiarii_n be_v permit_v to_o continue_v in_o their_o pristine_a estate_n acquit_v from_o military_a service_n and_o tenure_n when_o as_o other_o be_v from_o threnge_n turn_v into_o milites_fw-la and_o their_o land_n consequent_o subject_v to_o military_a fee_n and_o tenure_n whether_o the_o name_n of_o drench_n be_v take_v up_o from_o such_o a_o cause_n as_o our_o learned_a glossarist_n from_o a_o record_n by_o he_o there_o cite_v be_v assign_v for_o it_o some_o reason_n there_o be_v to_o doubt_v from_o the_o mention_n of_o the_o term_n synonimy_n threnge_n in_o that_o record_n of_o christchurch_n as_o know_v in_o that_o notion_n here_o before_o the_o conquest_n whereas_o the_o other_o say_v they_o take_v name_n first_o after_o it_o if_o before_o it_o as_o the_o christchurch_n record_n than_o i_o see_v i_o think_v some_o cause_n to_o suspect_v the_o term_n corrupt_v from_o thegnes_fw-la i_o thanes_z which_o clear_o that_o cathedral_n have_v before_o the_o conquest_n on_o the_o other_o side_n if_o the_o record_n in_o the_o glossary_a be_v right_a and_o that_o withal_o threnge_n drench_n thegnes_fw-la and_o allodiarii_fw-la be_v as_o all_o the_o forecited_n authority_n lay_v together_o they_o seem_v to_o be_v synonima_n term_n identical_a then_o be_v our_o kentish_a allodiarii_n such_o as_o have_v not_o revolt_v from_o the_o crown_n by_o oppose_v the_o conqueror_n whether_o by_o their_o aid_n or_o counsel_n but_o have_v peaceable_o submit_v to_o he_o and_o his_o empire_n while_o consequent_o other_o of_o the_o county_n oppose_v withstand_v and_o resist_v he_o and_o his_o come_n in_o have_v ipso_fw-la facto_fw-la forfeit_v their_o possession_n and_o if_o so_o than_o spot_n history_n whereof_o so_o much_o before_o may_v well_o deserve_v yet_o another_o dash_n or_o if_o you_o will_v another_o spot_n but_o thus_o far_o of_o allodium_fw-la as_o also_o of_o what_o induce_v it_o bocland_n which_o as_o to_o the_o name_n almost_o quite_o cease_v with_o the_o saxon_n though_o as_o to_o the_o thing_n it_o survive_v some_o time_n after_o under_o the_o notion_n of_o allodium_fw-la into_o which_o it_o be_v translate_v of_o the_o norman_n here_o and_o of_o they_o so_o alter_v also_o in_o the_o very_a thing_n that_o it_o become_v thus_o far_o subject_a unto_o tenure_n as_o in_o the_o opinion_n of_o learned_a 390._o man_n it_o be_v land_n as_o we_o say_v hold_v and_o so_o account_v whence_o in_o time_n that_o common_a and_o receive_a fee_n axiom_n among_o we_o that_o in_o the_o law_n of_o england_n since_o the_o conquest_n at_o least_o we_o have_v not_o proper_o allodium_fw-la that_o be_v not_o any_o subject_n land_n that_o be_v not_o hold_v in_o which_o respect_n as_o one_o supra_fw-la say_v he_o that_o can_v say_v most_o for_o his_o estate_n say_v thus_o i_o be_o seize_v of_o this_o or_o that_o land_n or_o tenement_n in_o my_o demain_fw-fr as_o of_o fee_n seisitus_fw-la inde_fw-la in_o dominico_fw-la meo_fw-la ut_fw-la de_fw-la feodo_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o it_o be_v most_o true_a at_o this_o day_n but_o under_o favour_n it_o be_v otherwise_o since_o the_o conquest_n witness_n beside_o domesday-book_n where_o the_o opposite_a to_o fee_n allodium_fw-la be_v very_o obvious_a those_o charter_n aforecited_a the_o one_o of_o st._n laurence_n the_o other_o of_o christchurch_n and_o such_o like_a mention_v land_n hold_v by_o the_o author_n or_o owner_n for_o which_o they_o be_v responsible_a to_o none_o as_o also_o the_o pinenden_n plea_n for_o the_o archbishop_n land_n of_o canterbury_n and_o the_o grant_n in_o alodium_n mention_v in_o eadmerus_n evidence_v clear_o the_o contrary_a and_o assert_v some_o of_o they_o the_o continuance_n of_o such_o creation_n from_o the_o king_n to_o who_o after_o textus_fw-la roffensis_fw-la
submission_n to_o better_a judgement_n shall_v endeavour_v to_o evince_v without_o check_n i_o hope_v for_o presume_v to_o control_v so_o great_a so_o many_o and_o those_o eminent_a lawyer_n whereas_o here_o i_o oppose_v they_o not_o in_o point_n of_o law_n but_o only_o in_o matter_n of_o fact_n the_o first_o exception_n then_o that_o i_o take_v against_o this_o opinion_n be_v its_o inconsistencie_n with_o many_o several_a species_n of_o socage-land_n or_o land_n say_v to_o be_v of_o socage_n kind_n or_o tenure_n such_o as_o petite_fw-fr sergeanty_n escuage_z certain_z frankalmoigne_n fee-ferm_a burgage_n by_o divine_a service_n and_o the_o like_a which_o have_v no_o manner_n of_o relation_n to_o the_o plough_n or_o matter_n of_o husbandry_n as_o original_o they_o say_v socage_n have_v and_o therefore_o still_o retein_v the_o name_n though_o the_o cause_n whereupon_o it_o first_o grow_v be_v take_v away_o by_o change_v the_o service_n into_o money_n so_o littleton_n a_o exception_n this_o ward_v off_o by_o the_o patron_n of_o the_o present_a derivation_n with_o a_o distinction_n of_o a_o double_a kind_n of_o socage_n the_o one_o that_o so_o call_v à _fw-la causâ_fw-la the_o other_o 120._o ab_fw-la effectu_fw-la and_o to_o this_o latter_a sort_n socage_n in_o effect_n be_v these_o of_o they_o refer_v as_o one_o will_v say_v socage_n at_o large_a because_o partake_v of_o the_o like_a effect_n and_o incident_n with_o socage_n but_o this_o distinction_n carry_v with_o it_o no_o great_a antiquity_n be_v questionless_a seek_v out_o since_o bractons_n time_n as_o necessary_a to_o uphold_v that_o of_o he_o and_o his_o follower_n derivation_n of_o socage_n from_o the_o plough_n otherwise_o so_o inconsistent_a with_o these_o tenor_n not_o but_o that_o i_o hold_v they_o to_o be_v socage_n with_o the_o common_a opinion_n but_o from_o another_o cause_n as_o i_o conceive_v whereof_o anon_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n i_o have_v a_o second_o exception_n against_o the_o derivation_n which_o be_v this_o that_o though_o that_o of_o the_o plough_n may_v be_v the_o chief_a service_n wherein_o socage_n be_v conversant_a yet_o be_v the_o sycle_n and_o the_o since_o the_o fork_n and_o the_o flail_n and_o many_o such_o like_a attendant_n also_o upon_o it_o and_o concomitant_a service_n with_o it_o in_o socage-land_n to_o derive_v then_o socage_n ab_fw-la aratro_fw-la that_o be_v but_o one_o species_n of_o socage-service_n be_v as_o improper_a under_o favour_n as_o at_o this_o day_n to_o define_v feudum_n comprehend_v whatsoever_o fee_n be_v constitute_v for_o any_o lawful_a and_o honest_a service_n although_o not_o military_a by_o what_o the_o feudist_n call_v clientela_fw-la militaris_fw-la because_o a_o chief_a part_n of_o feudal_a service_n be_v military_a and_o that_o of_o old_a fee_n for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v grant_v out_o militiae_fw-la causâ_fw-la a_o error_n into_o which_o 23._o vulteius_n challenge_v hotoman_a to_o have_v fall_v in_o his_o definition_n of_o feudum_n thence_o which_o my_o author_n call_v a_o definition_n of_o a_o genus_fw-la by_o a_o species_n conclude_v it_o not_o logical_a a_o three_o exception_n take_v to_o it_o may_v be_v this_o that_o if_o socage-land_n be_v so_o ancient_a under_o that_o notion_n as_o king_n alfred_n time_n as_o â—_o some_o will_v have_v it_o who_o tell_v we_o that_o in_o those_o day_n socage-fee_n be_v divide_v between_o the_o heir_n male_n why_o then_o be_v it_o not_o rather_o from_o the_o saxon_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d signify_v what_o soc_n never_o do_v with_o they_o a_o plough_n whence_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d for_o plough_n alm_n be_v a_o pension_n of_o a_o penny_n impose_v upon_o every_o plough_n in_o the_o name_n of_o 130._o alm_n call_v sulh-age_n or_o sul_z land_n to_o say_v plough-service-land_n or_o how_o can_v it_o in_o those_o time_n be_v call_v socage_n in_o the_o sense_n by_o this_o derivation_n intend_v when_o the_o word_n soc_n if_o it_o signify_v a_o plough_n as_o it_o do_v a_o ploughshare_n be_v in_o that_o sense_n a_o french_a word_n can_v in_o any_o reason_n be_v think_v to_o have_v take_v place_n here_o i_o mean_v in_o the_o saxon_n time_n and_o so_o long_o before_o the_o french_a by_o their_o conquest_n and_o intermixture_n with_o we_o follow_v thereupon_o have_v prevail_v to_o suppress_v and_o extirpate_v the_o english_a language_n but_o if_o it_o can_v pretend_v to_o so_o much_o antiquity_n as_o be_v a_o term_n as_o well_o in_o the_o original_n as_o in_o the_o sense_n norman_a or_o french_a then_o probable_o they_o will_v not_o have_v impose_v it_o without_o some_o pattern_n some_o precedent_n of_o their_o own_o country_n as_o use_v there_o in_o like_a case_n but_o doubtless_o this_o be_v want_v their_o 291._o term_n for_o land_n of_o this_o condition_n be_v tenement_n villain_n villain_n fief_n fief_a roturier_n heritage_n roturier_n and_o the_o like_a beside_o have_v the_o term_n be_v of_o their_o impose_v with_o intent_n to_o have_v it_o signify_v tillageservice_n charâ—â—_n be_v the_o usual_a word_n with_o they_o for_o a_o plough_n fetch_v it_o from_o carâ—â—â—_n whence_o their_o carucata_n terrae_fw-la for_o a_o plough_n land_n noâ—_n hear_v of_o here_o with_o we_o until_o their_o come_n hither_o more_o likely_a it_o have_v be_v call_v carucagium_fw-la carucage_n or_o the_o like_a as_o a_o certain_a tribute_n by_o our_o hen._n 3._o impose_v by_o the_o plough_n be_v therefore_o call_v caruage_n carucage_n and_o the_o like_a carucage_n my_o next_o and_o last_o exception_n be_v from_o fleta_n derivation_n of_o socmanni_n bracton_n where_o speak_v of_o the_o king_n manor_n he_o say_v in_o hujusmodi_fw-la verò_fw-la maneriis_fw-la erant_fw-la olim_fw-la liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la liberè_fw-la tenentes_fw-la quorum_fw-la quidam_fw-la cum_fw-la per_fw-la potentiores_fw-la è_fw-la tenementis_fw-la suis_fw-la ejecti_fw-la fuerant_fw-la eadem_fw-la postmodum_fw-la in_o villenagium_fw-la tenenda_fw-la resumpserunt_fw-la &_o quia_fw-la hujusmodi_fw-la tenentes_fw-la cultores_fw-la regis_fw-la esse_fw-la dinoscuntur_fw-la eye_v provisa_fw-la fuit_fw-la quies_fw-la ne_fw-la sectas_fw-la facerent_fw-la ad_fw-la comitatus_fw-la vel_fw-la hundredos_fw-mi vel_fw-la ad_fw-la aliquas_fw-la inquisitiones_fw-la assisas_fw-la vel_fw-la jurata_n nisi_fw-la in_o manerio_fw-la tantùm_fw-la dum_fw-la tamen_fw-la pro_fw-la terra_fw-la quorum_fw-la congregationem_fw-la tunc_fw-la socam_fw-la appellarunt_fw-la &_o hinc_fw-la est_fw-la quod_fw-la socmanni_n hodie_fw-la dicuntur_fw-la esse_fw-la a_o soca_n enim_fw-la derivantur_fw-la etc._n etc._n where_o though_o he_o say_v that_o the_o socmanni_n be_v cultores_fw-la regis_fw-la yet_o he_o say_v not_o that_o thence_o they_o be_v call_v socmanni_n but_o that_o their_o congregation_n their_o assembly_n or_o company_n be_v call_v soca_n and_o hence_o it_o be_v faith_n he_o that_o they_o be_v term_v socmanni_n for_o they_o be_v derive_v from_o soca_n etc._n etc._n thus_o he_o now_o if_o from_o soca_n a_o assembly_n of_o husbandman_n than_o not_o from_o soc_n sock_n or_o soak_v a_o plough_n to_o come_v now_o to_o that_o which_o i_o conceive_v to_o be_v the_o propose_v right_n and_o genuine_a derivation_n of_o the_o term_n socage_n to_o express_v a_o liberty_n immunity_n franchise_n jurisdiction_n protection_n privilege_n etc._n etc._n our_o saxon_a ancestor_n be_v know_v to_o have_v and_o use_v a_o word_n somewhat_o various_o write_v of_o they_o viz._n soc_n socne_n soken_n and_o the_o like_a hence_o to_o proceed_v to_o instance_n sanctuary_n the_o privilege_n sometime_o so_o call_v be_v of_o they_o term_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d otherwise_o 5._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d with_o they_o also_o voce_fw-mi 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d signify_v a_o jurisdiction_n to_o keep_v the_o peace_n voce_fw-mi 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d a_o immunity_n from_o service_n in_o war_n or_o from_o warfare_n jornalen_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o lord_n protection_n to_o his_o man_n or_o tenant_n voce_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v of_o a_o double_a sense_n signify_v both_o a_o privilege_n or_o protection_n against_o assault_n upon_o a_o man_n in_o his_o own_o house_n or_o under_o his_o own_o roof_n and_o a_o liberty_n or_o franchise_n to_o hold_v plea_n thereof_o with_o power_n of_o animadversion_n by_o mulct_n or_o fine_a voce_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d import_v a_o liberty_n or_o privilege_n of_o faldage_n debar_v and_o deny_v unto_o tenant_n in_o time_n past_a and_o by_o the_o lord_n for_o the_o enrich_n his_o own_o demesne_n land_n reserve_v to_o himself_o hence_o their_o word_n faldwrth_n for_o he_o that_o enjoy_v such_o a_o liberty_n shall_v i_o faldwrth_n now_o give_v you_o one_o example_n from_o the_o norman_n nullus_fw-la enim_fw-la socnam_fw-la habet_fw-la impunè_fw-la peccandi_fw-la say_v the_o law_n of_o hen._n 1._o cap._n 24._o speak_v of_o baron_n have_v soch_n and_o to_o enlarge_v yet_o a_o little_a further_o touch_v soc_n etc._n etc._n as_o it_o signify_v a_o liberty_n immunity_n franchise_n privilege_n jurisdiction_n etc._n etc._n so_o withal_o a_o territory_n
find_v that_o socage-service_n be_v not_o so_o to_o be_v restrain_v it_o be_v ordinary_a with_o tenant_n in_o socage_n to_o do_v service_n extra_fw-la or_o foris_fw-la socam_fw-la as_o to_o ride_v with_o their_o lord_n from_o manor_n to_o manor_n like_o the_o rodknight_n in_o b._n bracton_n to_o carry_v and_o pay_v rend_v to_o the_o lord_n and_o to_o deliver_v he_o corn_n and_o other_o provision_n at_o his_o granary_n or_o elsewhere_o out_o of_o the_o tenant_n proper_a soak_v and_o the_o like_a in_o which_o respect_n also_o with_o what_o incongruity_n be_v pure_a villein_n call_v sokeman_n since_o they_o be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v tie_v to_o the_o soak_v that_o they_o may_v be_v command_v out_o and_o employ_v abroad_o wheresoever_o the_o lord_n shall_v please_v as_o well_o without_o as_o within_o the_o soak_v change_a therefore_o my_o opinion_n as_o to_o that_o derivation_n and_o look_v further_o back_o to_o that_o other_o the_o former_a sense_n of_o soak_v a_o liberty_n privilege_n immunity_n franchise_n etc._n etc._n i_o resolve_v final_o to_o derive_v and_o fetch_v it_o thence_o and_o thus_o i_o make_v it_o good_a among_o other_o sort_n of_o land_n our_o book_n be_v full_a of_o that_o call_v terra_fw-la servilis_fw-la villein-land_n land_n hold_v in_o villeinage_n servile_a land_n such_o namely_o for_o full_a explanation_n of_o it_o as_o that_o hold_v at_o the_o lord_n will_v both_o for_o time_n and_o service_n in_o both_o respect_n uncertain_o for_o time_n it_o be_v in_o the_o lord_n power_n of_o old_a b._n at_o least_o it_o be_v so_o tempestiuè_fw-la or_o intempestiuè_fw-la to_o revoke_v and_o resume_v the_o same_o out_o of_o the_o villein_n hand_n into_o his_o own_o and_o for_o service_n the_o tenant_n be_v altogether_o ignorant_a and_o not_o know_v over_o night_n what_o service_n may_v be_v require_v of_o he_o the_o next_o morning_n he_o may_v also_o have_v great_a or_o lesser_a taxation_n lay_v upon_o he_o at_o his_o lord_n will_v nor_o may_v he_o marry_v his_o daughter_n without_o a_o fine_a to_o his_o lord_n for_o his_o leave_n and_o licence_n &_o ita_fw-la semper_fw-la tenebitur_fw-la ad_fw-la incerta_fw-la say_v my_o author_n now_o to_o defend_v land_n against_o the_o lord_n from_o villeinage_n and_o to_o come_v off_o acquit_v of_o this_o servitude_n and_o servile_a condition_n it_o be_v and_o be_v necessary_a of_o the_o tenant_n part_v to_o show_v a_o tenure_n of_o his_o land_n by_o opposite_a and_o contrary_a service_n to_o those_o in_o villeinage_n that_o be_v per_fw-la certa_fw-la servitia_fw-la by_o certain_a express_a definite_a service_n and_o as_o otherwise_o it_o may_v be_v conclude_v that_o his_o tenure_n be_v villeinage_n so_o hereby_o if_o the_o service_n be_v not_o regal_a or_o military_a it_o be_v as_o clear_o socage_n for_o that_o certa_fw-la servitia_fw-la be_v a_o supersedeas_fw-la to_o villeinage_n and_o do_v make_v it_o to_o become_v socage_n proof_n be_v obvious_a to_o this_o purpose_n consult_v we_o bracton_n lib._n 2._o cap._n 16._o num_fw-la 9_o as_o also_o â—od_a cap._n num_fw-la 6._o where_o he_o be_v express_v for_o the_o tenant_n acquital_n from_o all_o other_o service_n some_o be_v express_v in_o the_o charter_n make_v he_o by_o his_o lord_n than_o what_o be_v specify_v therein_o alia_fw-la omne_fw-la servitia_fw-la &_o consuetudines_fw-la quae_fw-la expressa_fw-la non_fw-la sunt_fw-la tacitè_fw-fr videntur_fw-la esse_fw-la remissa_fw-la and_o satis_fw-la acquietat_fw-la ex_fw-la quo_fw-la specialiter_fw-la non_fw-la onerat_fw-la see_v he_o again_o cod_n lib._n cap._n 36._o num_fw-la 8._o at_o these_o word_n cum_fw-la teneatur_fw-la sockmannus_n defendere_fw-la tenementum_fw-la sâ—um_fw-la erga_fw-la dominum_fw-la suum_fw-la per_fw-la cerium_fw-la redditum_fw-la in_o pecunia_fw-la numerata_fw-la vel_fw-la per_fw-la quid_fw-la tale_n quod_fw-la tantundem_fw-la valeat_fw-la quae_fw-la consistunt_fw-la in_o pondere_fw-la numero_fw-la vel_fw-la mensura_fw-la in_fw-la solido_fw-la vel_fw-la in_o liquido_fw-la sicut_fw-la frumento_fw-la vino_fw-la oleo_fw-la secundùm_fw-la quod_fw-la redditus_fw-la diversimode_fw-fr accipiuntur_fw-la etc._n etc._n have_v recourse_n also_o to_o the_o same_o author_n lib._n 4._o tract_n 1_o cap._n 23._o num_fw-la 5._o at_o these_o word_n dum_fw-la tamen_fw-la servitia_fw-la certa_fw-la sunt_fw-la si_fw-la autem_fw-la incerta_fw-la fuerint_fw-la qualecunque_fw-la fuerit_fw-la tenementum_fw-la tunc_fw-la erit_fw-la villenagium_fw-la etc._n etc._n add_v as_o agreeable_a hereunto_o that_o of_o sir_n edw._n coke_n in_o his_o commentary_n upon_o littleton_n sect._n 120._o to_o tenure_n in_o socage_n say_v he_o câ—rta_fw-la servitia_fw-la do_v ever_o belong_v hence_o it_o be_v that_o the_o author_n of_o the_o term_n of_o law_n expound_v socage_n or_o tenure_n in_o socage_n much_o after_o the_o same_o manner_n with_o bracton_n ubi_fw-la supra_fw-la to_o wit_n lib._n 2._o cap._n 1â—_n num_fw-la 9_o say_v that_o to_o hold_v in_o socage_n be_v to_o hold_v of_o any_o lord_n land_n or_o tenement_n yield_v to_o he_o a_o certain_a rent_n by_o the_o year_n for_o all_o manner_n of_o service_n you_o see_v it_o prove_v then_o that_o certa_fw-la servitia_fw-la certain_a service_n so_o they_o be_v not_o military_a make_v a_o socage_n tenure_n the_o ground_n whereof_o be_v obvious_a viz._n that_o by_o such_o tenure_n per_n cert_v servitia_fw-la the_o tenant_n have_v a_o soak_v a_o privilege_n a_o immunity_n a_o quietus_n est_fw-la as_o from_o villeinage_n in_o general_n so_o from_o all_o villain_n military_a or_o other_o service_n than_o those_o by_o contract_n or_o custom_n 184._o charge_v upon_o he_o a_o soak_v i_o say_v whereunto_o â—gium_fw-la be_v add_v signify_v the_o service_n or_o duty_n to_o be_v return_v for_o that_o privilege_n it_o come_v forth_o socagium_fw-la in_o latin_a socage_n in_o english_a as_o by_o put_v man_n to_o soak_v the_o tenant_n be_v signify_v and_o call_v sokeman_n but_o if_o soak_v here_o carry_v with_o it_o such_o a_o objection_n sense_n of_o immunity_n discharge_v privilege_n etc._n etc._n how_o come_v it_o then_o to_o pass_v may_n some_o perchance_o demand_v that_o liberum_fw-la be_v often_o find_v to_o accompany_v socagium_fw-la as_o libre_fw-la also_o do_v socmannus_fw-la for_o answer_v i_o conceive_v to_o solution_n distinguish_v free_a socage_n from_o base_a not_o but_o that_o base_a socage_n have_v its_o privilege_n as_o well_o as_o the_o other_o as_o be_v hold_v by_o service_n set_v and_o certain_a or_o determinate_a but_o in_o regard_n those_o service_n regular_o consist_v in_o servile_a work_n incident_a to_o villeinage_n the_o tenure_n get_v the_o name_n of_o villanum_fw-la socagium_fw-la to_o distinguish_v it_o from_o liberum_fw-la socagium_fw-la acquit_v of_o those_o servile_a work_n and_o consist_v quitrent_n in_o denariis_fw-la from_o hence_o also_o such_o a_o soak_v such_o a_o privilege_n it_o be_v that_o the_o villanum_fw-la socagium_fw-la in_o the_o king_n demesne_n be_v turn_v of_o 8._o bracton_n and_o other_o by_o villenagium_fw-la privilegiatum_fw-la by_o the_o way_n hence_o judge_v whether_o i_o be_o not_o right_a in_o my_o derivation_n of_o socage_n from_o soc_n soak_v etc._n etc._n a_o privilege_n etc._n etc._n when_o here_o you_o see_v villanum_fw-la socagium_fw-la of_o bracton_n and_o other_o render_v by_o villenagium_fw-la privilegiatum_fw-la i._n e._n privilege_a villeinage_n it_o be_v time_n now_o that_o we_o inquire_v how_o this_o derivation_n will_v suit_v with_o those_o before_o remember_v tenor_n by_o divine_a service_n in_o frankalmoigne_n fee-ferme_a petite_fw-fr sergeanty_n escuage_z certain_z burgage_n and_o the_o like_a whereto_o i_o answer_v very_o well_o for_o as_o they_o be_v all_o through_o a_o tacit_a discharge_v from_o corporal_a service_n in_o warfare_n excuse_v from_o military_a fee_n or_o tenure_n so_o on_o the_o other_o side_n by_o reason_n of_o a_o express_a tenure_n per_fw-la certa_fw-la servitia_fw-la or_o per_fw-la certum_fw-la redditum_fw-la common_a to_o they_o all_o but_o frankalmoigne_n they_o be_v render_v quit_v and_o free_a of_o villeinage_n and_o consequent_o become_v of_o socage_n tenure_n as_o for_o frankalmoigne_n as_o it_o may_v challenge_v a_o interest_n in_o the_o composition_n of_o socage_n from_o soc_n or_o soak_v and_o agium_fw-la to_o wit_n in_o the_o former_a syllable_n so_o on_o the_o contrary_a side_n have_v it_o as_o little_a to_o do_v with_o the_o latter_a because_o such_o tenure_n be_v quit_v of_o all_o service_n whatsoever_o as_o well_o spiritual_a unless_o frankalmoigne_n uncertain_a as_o temporal_a but_o because_o as_o it_o have_v not_o to_o do_v with_o military_a service_n on_o the_o one_o hand_n so_o neither_o with_o villeinage_n on_o the_o other_o and_o have_v its_o privilege_n express_v in_o that_o epithet_n of_o libera_n it_o be_v refer_v to_o socage_n as_o in_o some_o sort_n such_o this_o then_o be_v that_o this_o tenure_n per_fw-la certa_fw-la servitia_fw-la that_o make_v tenure_n by_o divine_a service_n of_o no_o relation_n to_o the_o plough_n to_o become_v socage_n this_o make_v also_o fee-ferme_a a_o mere_a censual_a service_n much_o in_o the_o nature_n of_o that_o which_o among_o
vectigal_n civilian_n be_v call_v ager_n vectigalis_fw-la as_o be_v liable_a only_o to_o so_o much_o yearly_a rent_n without_o any_o other_o service_n regular_o unless_o fealty_n suit_n of_o court_n or_o the_o like_a according_a as_o the_o feoffment_n may_v run_v and_o have_v nothing_o to_o do_v with_o the_o plough_n to_o become_v socage_n this_o make_v escuage_z certain_a another_o tenure_n of_o no_o relation_n at_o all_o to_o the_o plough_n but_o quatenus_fw-la escuage_z as_o it_o be_v simple_o escuage_z eo_fw-la ipso_fw-la of_o b._n knight-service_n because_o by_o be_v certain_a it_o draw_v he_o not_o forth_o to_o any_o corporal_a service_n in_o war_n to_o be_v also_o term_v socage_n while_o contrariwise_o what_o be_v proper_o call_v escuage_z that_o namely_o which_o be_v uncertain_a and_o so_o call_v because_o beside_o its_o subjection_n to_o homage_n fealty_n ward_n and_o marriage_n it_o be_v uncertain_a how_o often_o a_o man_n shall_v be_v call_v to_o follow_v his_o lord_n into_o the_o war_n and_o again_o what_o his_o charge_n will_v be_v in_o each_o journey_n from_o be_v liable_a i_o say_v to_o this_o uncertainty_n of_o duty_n be_v escuage_z knight-service_n hence_o four_a it_o be_v that_o burgage_n a_o tenure_n no_o way_n smell_v of_o the_o plough_n or_o tillage_n be_v currant_n and_o conversant_a only_o in_o city_n and_o town_n because_o hold_v for_o a_o certain_a annual_a rent_n become_v with_o the_o rest_n socage_n hence_o also_o our_o kentish_a gavelkynd_n consider_v in_o its_o name_n or_o term_n betoken_v censual_a land_n of_o no_o affinity_n with_o the_o plough_n or_o plough-service_n because_o i_o say_v hold_v per_fw-la certa_fw-la servitia_fw-la come_v to_o be_v call_v socage_n the_o like_a may_v be_v say_v of_o frank_n ferme_fw-fr and_o other_o the_o remain_a species_n of_o socage-land_n one_o and_o all_o as_o proper_o so_o call_v as_o right_o and_o with_o as_o much_o reason_n refer_v to_o that_o head_n of_o our_o english_a tenor_n as_o that_o which_o for_o its_o plough_n or_o tillage_n service_n be_v say_v to_o be_v more_o peculiarly_a so_o call_v stand_v not_o in_o need_n of_o that_o distinction_n which_o the_o common_a opinion_n use_v to_o bring_v they_o within_o the_o compass_n of_o it_o call_v ab_fw-la effectu_fw-la because_o of_o like_a effect_n and_o incident_n belong_v to_o they_o with_o socage_n tenure_n a_o distinction_n by_o this_o derivation_n render_v frivolous_a and_o needless_a and_o under_o favour_n therefore_o as_o fit_a to_o be_v lay_v aside_o as_o their_o 36_o assertion_n be_v to_o be_v retract_v who_o to_o vindicate_v the_o retain_v of_o the_o name_n of_o socage_n as_o of_o use_n only_o to_o distinguish_v that_o from_o a_o tenure_n by_o knight-service_n affirm_v that_o the_o cause_n whereupon_o the_o name_n of_o socage_n first_o grow_v viz._n plough-service_n be_v take_v away_o by_o the_o change_n of_o such_o service_n into_o money_n whereas_o presuppose_v our_o present_a derivation_n of_o socage_n to_o be_v admit_v both_o name_n and_o cause_n still_o continue_v thus_o much_o for_o socage_n a_o term_n that_o to_o i_o first_o occurr_n in_o glanvill_n never_o as_o yet_o in_o any_o elder_a record_n in_o a_o roll_n of_o cant._n account_n of_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n manor_n for_o the_o six_o year_n of_o archbishop_n baldwyn_n glanvill_n coaetanean_a and_o companion_n in_o his_o voyage_n and_o expedition_n with_o king_n richard_n the_o first_o to_o the_o holy_a land_n which_o by_o computation_n be_v the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 1190._o it_o occur_v by_o the_o name_n of_o soggagium_n thus_o super_fw-la soggagium_fw-la london_n remanent_fw-la xx_o d._n and_o this_o in_o croyden_n manor_n there_o among_o the_o expense_n and_o deduction_n follow_v the_o receipt_n of_o that_o year_n which_o i_o mention_v not_o as_o conceive_v it_o no_o elder_a than_o hen._n 2._o day_n yes_o i_o rather_o hold_v socmannus_fw-la socmanria_fw-la and_o socagium_fw-la to_o be_v relative_n and_o consequent_o that_o where_o the_o one_o occurr_n the_o rest_n be_v imply_v but_o socmannus_fw-la be_v obvious_a in_o domesday-book_n and_o less_o ancient_a therefore_o i_o persuade_v myself_o socage_n and_o socmanry_n be_v not_o nunc_fw-la age_n carp_n viam_fw-la susceptum_fw-la perfice_fw-la munus_fw-la aâ—nâ—id_n now_o therefore_o to_o come_v to_o our_o quaere_fw-la whether_o gavelkynd_n be_v a_o tenure_n or_o a_o custom_n and_o give_v it_o a_o answer_n i_o confess_v there_o be_v that_o in_o some_o sort_n hold_v the_o negative_a as_o who_o will_v have_v it_o to_o be_v a_o custom_n accompany_v the_o land_n where_o it_o obtain_v rather_o than_o a_o tenure_n whereby_o the_o land_n be_v hold_v hold_v the_o while_o the_o tenure_n to_o be_v socage_n and_o of_o this_o opinion_n 537._o mr._n lambard_n do_v more_o than_o seem_v to_o be_v now_o between_o tenure_n and_o custom_n in_o this_o case_n with_o we_o the_o difference_n as_o i_o collect_v stand_v thus_o admit_v it_o only_o a_o tenure_n and_o then_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o land_n be_v not_o concern_v in_o point_n of_o descent_n so_o that_o in_o some_o case_n as_o the_o escheat_n of_o it_o by_o death_n or_o cessavit_fw-la to_o the_o lord_n that_o hold_v over_o by_o knight-service_n or_o to_o the_o crown_n by_o forfeicture_n in_o treason_n and_o the_o like_a it_o cease_v to_o be_v any_o long_o of_o gavelkynd-nature_n in_o point_n of_o descent_n and_o go_v not_o as_o before_z to_o all_o but_o only_o to_o the_o elder_a of_o the_o son_n according_a to_o the_o course_n of_o the_o common_a law_n whereas_o if_o it_o be_v a_o custom_n follow_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o land_n than_o it_o be_v say_v they_o inseparable_a from_o that_o land_n where_o it_o obtain_v insomuch_o as_o notwithstanding_o this_o escheat_n or_o whatever_o other_o alteration_n of_o the_o tenure_n it_o remain_v as_o before_o partible_a among_o all_o the_o son_n or_o other_o heir_n where_o son_n be_v want_v but_o to_o the_o point_n b._n to_o prove_v gavelkynd_n to_o be_v a_o â—enure_n i_o shall_v not_o need_v i_o think_v to_o multiply_v authority_n the_o generality_n of_o those_o ancient_a deed_n that_o i_o have_v see_v for_o the_o grant_v land_n in_o gavelkynd_n whereof_o some_o be_v exhibit_v in_o the_o appendix_n be_v wont_a to_o have_v their_o tenendum_n the_o usual_a and_o more_o proper_a place_n for_o the_o creation_n of_o a_o tenure_n in_o any_o kind_n of_o grant_n thus_o phrased_a tenendum_fw-la either_o ad_fw-la or_o in_fw-la gavelikendam_fw-la or_o the_o like_a the_o office_n recite_v of_o mr._n lambard_n in_o his_o peramb_v pag._n 540._o find_v after_o the_o death_n of_o walter_n culpepper_n be_v alike_o phrased_a tenuit_fw-la in_o gavelkind_n be_v a_o much_o repeat_v passage_n in_o it_o the_o statute_n 18._o hen._n 6._o cap._n 3._o in_o term_n call_v it_o a_o tenure_n take_v knowledge_n that_o there_o be_v not_o at_o that_o day_n within_o the_o shire_n above_o 40._o person_n at_o the_o most_o which_o have_v land_n to_o the_o yearly_a value_n of_o xx_o pound_n without_o the_o tenure_n of_o gazelkynd_n and_o that_o the_o great_a party_n of_o this_o county_n or_o well_o nigh_o all_o be_v then_o within_o that_o tenure_n and_o this_o alone_a which_o i_o shall_v add_v may_v evince_v and_o clear_v it_o to_o be_v a_o tenure_n that_o since_o the_o statute_n of_o quia_fw-la emptores_fw-la terrarum_fw-la anno_fw-la 18._o edw._n 1._o prohibit_v the_o subject_n to_o let_v land_n to_o be_v hold_v of_o himself_o as_o there_o be_v not_o to_o be_v find_v any_o more_o grant_n of_o land_n objection_n pro_fw-la homagio_fw-la &_o sâ—rvitio_fw-la so_o neither_o in_o gavelkynd_n for_o brevity_n sake_n i_o will_v urge_v no_o more_o authority_n of_o this_o kind_n be_v thus_o then_o apparent_o a_o tenure_n how_o come_v it_o to_o pass_v that_o we_o so_o usual_o call_v it_o the_o custom_n of_o gavelkynd_n seldom_o either_o make_v or_o find_v mention_n of_o gavelkynd_n but_o with_o that_o adjunct_n and_o under_o that_o notion_n of_o custom_n indeed_o the_o property_n of_o equal_a partition_n be_v and_o have_v so_o solution_n long_o be_v of_o that_o eminency_n in_o our_o kentish_a gavelkynd_n and_o it_o so_o much_o celebrate_v for_o that_o property_n that_o as_o if_o it_o be_v the_o sole_a and_o only_a property_n of_o it_o all_o the_o other_o in_o respect_n whereof_o this_o land_n may_v as_o well_o be_v call_v gavelkynd_n as_o for_o this_o be_v as_o it_o be_v forget_v and_o that_o only_o carry_v away_o the_o name_n from_o its_o fellow_n whereas_o that_o of_o partition_n as_o have_v be_v say_v before_o be_v but_o one_o among_o the_o many_o other_o property_n and_o custom_n in_o our_o kentish_a gavelkynd_n such_o as_o dower_n of_o the_o moiety_n a._n loss_n of_o dower_n by_o marriage_n before_o or_o after_o assignment_n b._n not_o to_o forfeict_n land_n for_o felony_n power_n of_o alienation_n at_o fifteen_o year_n of_o age_n and_o the_o rest_n obvious_a
proper_a place_n and_o that_o i_o also_o trust_v so_o full_o as_o i_o may_v well_o expect_v to_o be_v excuse_v of_o it_o here_o in_o sum_n love_v truth_n the_o end_n of_o all_o science_n for_o itself_o and_o altogether_o unbiased_a with_o any_o by-respect_n whether_o of_o vain_a glory_n singularity_n or_o the_o like_a i_o have_v make_v it_o my_o constant_a endeavour_n in_o what_o be_v here_o propose_v and_o publish_v that_o truth_n alone_o than_o which_o say_v the_o philosopher_n nothing_o metaphys_n be_v sweet_a nothing_o more_o precious_a may_v triumph_v over_o falsehood_n antiquity_n over_o novelty_n if_o hereby_o i_o have_v do_v either_o of_o they_o any_o right_n or_o any_o friend_n any_o pleasure_n as_o the_o chief_a reward_n i_o expect_v for_o all_o i_o shall_v desire_v that_o such_o a_o measure_n of_o respect_n may_v be_v vouchsafe_v as_o to_o those_o old_a record_n from_o whence_o the_o chief_a material_n in_o this_o structure_n have_v be_v take_v so_o to_o that_o ancient_a learning_n which_o have_v contribute_v fit_v tool_n wherewith_o to_o work_v the_o same_o material_n and_o fit_v they_o for_o that_o use_n as_o may_v secure_v and_o rescue_v both_o uncapable_a of_o other_o recompense_n from_o that_o scorn_n neglect_n and_o contempt_n in_o the_o day_n of_o so_o much_o novelty_n so_o free_o cast_v upon_o they_o since_o by_o fall_v into_o some_o hand_n so_o good_a a_o improvement_n may_v be_v make_v of_o they_o for_o the_o public_a i_o may_v perchance_o at_o first_o sight_n at_o least_o be_v think_v too_o bold_a with_o the_o common_a lawyer_n too_o busy_a in_o their_o commonwealth_n too_o much_o meddle_v in_o matter_n of_o their_o peculiar_a science_n yet_o no_o otherwise_o i_o hope_v than_o that_o they_o and_o their_o friend_n may_v be_v willing_a to_o excuse_v i_o i_o be_o one_o that_o honour_n their_o profession_n and_o have_v here_o do_v or_o say_v nothing_o out_o of_o opposition_n my_o intent_n be_v only_o in_o my_o way_n to_o do_v they_o service_n and_o their_o profession_n right_a by_o hold_v forth_o to_o public_a view_n some_o antiquity_n tend_v at_o once_o to_o the_o satisfaction_n of_o the_o one_o and_o illustration_n of_o the_o other_o for_o which_o purpose_n i_o have_v by_o i_o some_o other_o thing_n in_o a_o readiness_n for_o the_o public_a and_o which_o shall_v not_o god_n will_v much_o long_o be_v retard_v in_o case_n these_o my_o present_a endeavour_n as_o my_o past_a have_v do_v meet_v with_o any_o proportionable_a encouragement_n and_o the_o time_n permit_v by_o the_o continuance_n of_o our_o county_n peace_n peace_n i_o say_v that_o mother_n of_o art_n which_o with_o a_o enlargement_n and_o establishment_n of_o that_o blessing_n throughout_o the_o three_o kingdom_n be_v a_o chief_a subject_n courteous_a reader_n in_o the_o daily_a devotion_n of_o thy_o humble_a servant_n william_n somner_n the_o postscript_n the_o reader_n be_v here_o further_o to_o be_v advertise_v that_o both_o this_o preface_n and_o the_o follow_a treatise_n be_v first_o write_v more_o than_o twelve_o year_n ago_o have_v lie_v by_o the_o author_n ever_o since_o and_o have_v not_o now_o come_v forth_o but_o upon_o the_o encouragement_n of_o some_o worthy_a and_o judicious_a friend_n if_o therefore_o any_o thimg_n whether_o for_o language_n or_o otherwise_o in_o either_o the_o one_o or_o the_o other_o seem_v improper_a uncouth_a or_o unsuitable_a to_o the_o present_a time_n his_o patience_n and_o pardon_n be_v humble_o crave_v and_o expect_v to_o expedite_v such_o in_o their_o perusal_n of_o this_o work_n as_o be_v ignorant_a but_o studious_a of_o the_o saxon_a language_n the_o author_n although_o he_o have_v but_o late_o set_v forth_o a_o saxon_a dictionary_n have_v think_v it_o very_o fit_a here_o to_o prefix_v the_o saxon_a alphabet_n and_o abbreviation_n a_o b_o c_o d_o e_o f_o g_o h_o i_o k_o l_o m_o n_o o_fw-mi p_o q_o r_o s_o t_o u_z w_z x_o y_o z._n a_o b_o c_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d e_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d h_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d k_o l_o m_o n_o o_fw-mi p_o q_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d u._fw-mi 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d x_o y_o z._n the_o the_o that_o and_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d errata_fw-la pag._n 4._o lin_v 21._o and_o customary_a lin_v 22._o yield_v it_o p._n 18._o l._n 8._o bians_n p._n 21._o l._n 1._o after_o consuetudo_fw-la l._n 18._o snave_n l._n 27._o shorham_n p._n 24._o l._n 18._o oale-gavel_a p._n 25._o l._n 2._o clyve_v l._n 16._o chatham_n p._n 26._o l._n 20._o of_o it_o in_o that_o composition_n p._n 27._o l._n 5._o rent_n and_o service_n p._n 29._o l._n 7._o find_v it_o in_o l._n 28._o to_o the_o tenant_n better_o l._n 31._o fremfeld_n p._n 30._o l._n 27._o not_o alienable_a p._n 31._o l._n 21._o gamâ—lleâ—um_fw-la l._n 25._o hervicus_n p._n 34._o l._n 10._o rather_o say_v l._n 14._o maâ—am_n l._n 18._o firmam_fw-la l._n 20._o construe_v p._n 36._o l._n 2._o county_n p._n 37._o l._n 9_o the_o which_o word_n p._n 38._o l._n 18._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d ibid._n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d l._n 27._o of_o former_a time_n p._n 39_o l._n 13._o herlewinum_fw-la p._n 55._o l._n 21._o of_o time_n p._n 58._o l._n 14._o aequ_n valentem_fw-la p._n 72._o l._n 4._o retain_v p._n 83._o l._n ult_n construe_v it_o thus_o p._n 96._o l._n 2._o salvo_n p._n 117._o l._n 4._o drofmannus_n p._n 119._o l._n 8._o demesne_fw-la p._n 123._o l._n 6._o those_o and_o succeed_v p._n 142._o in_o marg_n l._n 1._o ff_n si_fw-mi ag_fw-mi p._n 162._o l._n 24._o and_o as_o it_o be_v p._n 175._o l._n 1._o priori_fw-la ibid._n in_o marg_n burgor_n apud_fw-la scotos_o some_o literal_a and_o such_o like_a other_o small_a fault_n there_o be_v beside_o mis-pointings_a which_o be_v as_o easy_o amend_v as_o observe_v be_v therefore_o here_o pretermit_v gavelkynd_n among_o the_o many_o singularity_n of_o kent_n that_o of_o so_o much_o note_n both_o at_o home_n and_o abroad_o common_o call_v gavelkynd_n may_v seem_v to_o bear_v away_o the_o bell_n from_o all_o the_o rest_n as_o be_v indeed_o a_o property_n of_o that_o eminent_a singularity_n in_o the_o kentishman_n possession_n so_o general_o in_o a_o manner_n from_o great_a antiquity_n overspreading_a that_o county_n as_o england_z at_o this_o day_n can_v show_v her_o fellow_n in_o that_o particular_a yet_o so_o unhappy_a the_o while_o be_v both_o kentish-man_n and_o other_o in_o the_o right_a understanding_n both_o of_o name_n and_o thing_n that_o although_o it_o be_v the_o daily_a subject_n of_o every_o man_n discourse_n even_o of_o all_o profession_n yet_o remain_v it_o hitherto_o both_o in_o the_o one_o respect_n and_o in_o the_o other_o so_o obscure_a and_o in_o so_o much_o want_n of_o further_a illustration_n to_o make_v it_o know_v as_o if_o never_o yet_o by_o any_o serious_o consider_v of_o purpose_v therefore_o to_o contribute_v my_o best_a assistance_n towards_o a_o right_n and_o full_a discovery_n in_o order_n thereunto_o and_o for_o my_o more_o methodical_a procede_v i_o shall_v branch_v out_o my_o discourse_n into_o these_o five_o follow_a head_n or_o proposition_n viz._n 1._o the_o true_a etymology_n and_o derivation_n of_o the_o name_n including_z a_o plain_a confutation_n of_o that_o which_o be_v common_o receive_v 2._o the_o nature_n of_o gavelkynd_n land_n in_o point_n of_o partition_n 3._o the_o antiquity_n of_o gavelkynd_n custom_n in_o point_n especial_o of_o partition_n and_o why_o more_o general_a in_o kent_n than_o elsewhere_o 4._o whether_o gavelkynd_n be_v proper_o a_o tenure_n or_o a_o custom_n and_o if_o a_o custom_n whether_o inherent_a in_o the_o land_n or_o not_o 5._o whether_o before_o the_o statute_n of_o will_n 32_o and_o 34_o hen._n 8._o gavelkynd_n land_n in_o kent_n be_v deviseable_a or_o not_o proposition_n i._n the_o true_a etymology_n and_o derivation_n of_o the_o name_n including_z a_o plain_a confutation_n of_o that_o which_o be_v common_o receive_v to_o begin_v with_o the_o first_o the_o true_a etymology_n and_o derivation_n of_o the_o name_n etc._n etc._n by_o the_o common_a and_o receive_a opinion_n of_o these_o day_n obvious_a and_o easy_a to_o be_v find_v both_o in_o the_o write_n and_o discourse_n of_o kentish-man_n and_o other_o this_o custom_n as_o common_o call_v owe_v its_o name_n and_o original_n to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o land_n in_o point_n of_o descent_n to_o consult_v for_o instance_n a_o few_o of_o the_o multitude_n of_o print_a opinion_n look_v that_o way_n collect_v from_o the_o most_o eminent_a of_o our_o modern_a and_o late_a writer_n as_o well_o antiquary_n as_o lawyer_n and_o intend_v to_o steer_v
a_o retrograde_a course_n in_o this_o re-search_a i_o shall_v begin_v with_o one_o of_o the_o late_a sir_n edward_n coke_n who_o in_o his_o note_n or_o illustration_n upon_o littleton_n tit_n villeinage_n sect._n 210._o verb._n en_fw-fr gavelkinde_n gloss_v the_o text_n thus_o give_v all_o kind_n for_o say_v he_o this_o custom_n give_v to_o all_o the_o son_n alike_o not_o long_o before_o he_o another_o learned_a gaveletum_n knight_n and_o famous_a antiquary_n take_v the_o word_n to_o expound_v in_o his_o glossary_n of_o antiquate_a word_n say_v that_o it_o be_v term_v gavelkynd_n either_o quasi_fw-la debitum_fw-la vel_fw-la tributum_fw-la soboli_fw-la pveris_fw-la generi_fw-la i._n e._n as_o it_o be_v of_o right_o belong_v and_o give_v intimate_v in_o the_o two_o first_o syllable_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d to_o the_o issue_n child_n or_o kind_n signify_v by_o the_o last_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o else_o second_o say_v he_o from_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d i._n e._n give_v to_o all_o the_o next_o in_o kindred_n verstegan_n to_o ascend_v in_o our_o gradation_n one_o step_v high_a câ—nsureth_v the_o word_n of_o corruption_n say_v that_o it_o be_v corrupt_o term_v gavelkynd_n for_o give_v all_o kind_n which_o after_o he_o be_v as_o much_o to_o say_v as_o give_v each_o child_n his_o part_n from_o who_o mr._n cambden_n differ_v kent_n as_o little_a in_o time_n as_o in_o opinion_n when_o he_o say_v it_o be_v call_v gavelkynd_n that_o be_v say_v he_o give_v all_o kin_n before_o all_o these_o mr._n lambard_n the_o first_o that_o undertake_v the_o etymology_n and_o who_o beside_o the_o former_a 73._o judge_n dodderidge_n voce_fw-mi dr._n cowell_n the_o author_n of_o the_o new_a term_n of_o law_n and_o many_o more_o longo_fw-la agmine_fw-la aâ—e_v know_v to_o follow_v in_o his_o explication_n of_o saxon_a word_n prefix_v to_o his_o archaion_n verb._n terra_fw-la ex_fw-la scripto_fw-la be_v clear_a for_o the_o derivation_n of_o the_o word_n from_o the_o saxon_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d credo_fw-la say_v he_o ut_fw-la terra_fw-la illa_fw-la gavelkyn_n quasi_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d idest_fw-la omnibus_fw-la cognatione_fw-la proximis_fw-la data_fw-la dicatur_fw-la but_o afterward_o as_o if_o upon_o second_o thought_n alter_v in_o his_o 528._o opinion_n he_o couple_v this_o derivation_n with_o a_o second_o and_o so_o at_o length_n be_v find_v to_o share_v his_o opinion_n of_o the_o word_n original_a between_o two_o conjecture_n ground_v both_o upon_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o land_n the_o one_o in_o point_n of_o descent_n the_o other_o of_o rent_n and_o service_n in_o reference_n to_o the_o former_a of_o which_o he_o say_v that_o therefore_o the_o land_n be_v call_v either_o gavelkyn_n in_o meaning_n give_v all_o kin_n because_o it_o be_v give_v to_o all_o the_o next_o in_o one_o line_n of_o kindred_n or_o give_v all_o kind_n that_o be_v to_o all_o the_o male_a child_n for_o kind_n say_v he_o in_o dutch_n signify_v yet_o a_o male_a child_n and_o in_o relation_n to_o the_o latter_a he_o say_v that_o it_o be_v well_o know_v that_o as_o knights-service_n land_n require_v the_o presence_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o warfare_n and_o battle_n abroad_o so_o this_o land_n be_v of_o socage_n tenure_n command_v his_o attendance_n at_o the_o plough_n and_o other_o the_o lord_n affair_n of_o husbandry_n at_o home_n the_o one_o by_o manhood_n defend_v the_o lord_n life_n and_o person_n the_o other_o by_o industry_n maintain_v with_o rent_n corn_n and_o victual_v his_o estate_n and_o family_n this_o rent_n as_o there_o he_o add_v ni_fw-fr a_fw-fr customary_a payment_n of_o work_n the_o saxon_n call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o thereof_o as_o i_o think_v they_o name_v the_o land_n that_o yeeldod_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o be_v to_o say_v land_n let_v for_o rent_n or_o of_o the_o kind_n to_o yield_v rend_v etc._n etc._n the_o author_n i_o confess_v modest_o leave_v it_o free_a to_o the_o reader_n to_o receive_v either_o of_o these_o conjecture_n or_o to_o refuse_v both_o as_o it_o shall_v best_o like_o he_o but_o the_o former_a of_o the_o two_o be_v primâ_fw-la fancy_n of_o a_o more_o plausible_a sound_n and_o allusion_n than_o the_o other_o a_o advantage_n very_o considerable_a with_o most_o man_n who_o guidance_n notwithstanding_o be_v not_o always_o to_o be_v follow_v and_o that_o have_v get_v the_o start_n of_o her_o fellow_n in_o time_n have_v not_o fail_v to_o keep_v it_o ever_o since_o have_v prove_v the_o more_o acceptable_a of_o the_o twain_o and_o by_o this_o time_n find_v so_o many_o follower_n and_o those_o like_o the_o first_o author_n of_o so_o great_a credit_n as_o that_o whosoever_o shall_v contradict_v the_o one_o or_o dispute_v the_o other_o can_v do_v neither_o without_o exceed_a prejudice_n so_o difficult_a a_o lesson_n it_o be_v with_o some_o to_o unlearn_v custom_n who_o mind_n be_v as_o hardly_o wean_v from_o a_o opinion_n which_o their_o fancy_n have_v once_o approve_v as_o other_o be_v from_o a_o habit_n or_o a_o custom_n which_o if_o inveterate_a and_o long_o settle_v though_o corrupt_a and_o vicious_a be_v very_o hardly_o leave_v off_o and_o lay_v aside_o yet_o as_o the_o common_a law_n a._n determine_v of_o a_o custom_n that_o if_o the_o rise_v the_o original_n thereof_o can_v so_o be_v trace_v as_o it_o can_v appear_v that_o it_o first_o begin_v within_o time_n of_o memory_n it_o be_v no_o custom_n nor_o shall_v obtain_v or_o prevail_v as_o a_o custom_n so_o in_o case_n by_o trace_v the_o present_a derivation_n to_o the_o wellhead_n i_o shall_v show_v together_o with_o the_o time_n the_o error_n of_o its_o first_o original_n not_o to_o be_v salve_v by_o long_a tract_n of_o time_n for_o quod_fw-la ab_fw-la initio_fw-la non_fw-la initio_fw-la valuit_fw-la tractu_fw-la temporis_fw-la non_fw-la convalescit_fw-la i_o trust_v i_o shall_v not_o fail_v nor_o fall_v short_a of_o what_o my_o endeavour_n drive_v at_o in_o this_o matter_n the_o wean_n i_o mean_v of_o sober_a and_o judicious_a mind_n from_o a_o opinion_n so_o erroneous_a and_o ungrounded_a as_o this_o i_o doubt_v not_o upon_o trial_n shall_v appear_v to_o be_v though_o thus_o long_o continue_v and_o in_o itself_o specious_a and_o plausible_a enough_o however_o be_v convince_v in_o my_o own_o judgement_n of_o the_o error_n that_o i_o may_v not_o seem_v to_o swallow_v it_o for_o company_n to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o truth_n for_o that_o i_o say_v if_o for_o no_o other_o reason_n i_o have_v resolve_v to_o protest_v against_o it_o and_o yet_o not_o to_o seem_v singular_o affect_v without_o a_o cause_n i_o shall_v not_o do_v it_o by_o a_o bare_a denial_n or_o dissent_n as_o he_o that_o think_v it_o sufficient_a for_o bellarmine_n confutation_n to_o give_v he_o the_o lie_n but_o by_o represent_v withal_o my_o inducement_n thereunto_o i_o hope_v to_o put_v the_o matter_n out_o of_o doubt_n that_o i_o have_v study_v the_o reader_n satisfaction_n herein_o as_o well_o â—s_v my_o own_o by_o a_o learned_a man_n â—_o example_n whoâ—e_v word_n in_o a_o like_a case_n as_o very_o apposite_a in_o this_o i_o shall_v here_o borrow_v for_o the_o close_a of_o my_o apology_n etsi_fw-la mâ—_n non_fw-la lateat_fw-la say_v he_o quam_fw-la lubrica_fw-la plenaque_fw-la discrimâ—nis_fw-la res_fw-la sit_fw-la quae_fw-la per_fw-la tot_fw-la secula_fw-la tot_fw-la homines_fw-la eruditi_fw-la uno_fw-la consensâ—_n probaâ—unt_fw-la rejicere_fw-la velle_fw-la rationes_fw-la tamen_fw-la eas_fw-la in_o medium_n adducere_fw-la visum_fw-la est_fw-la quibus_fw-la adductis_fw-la hanc_fw-la interpretationem_fw-la damnare_fw-la ausus_fw-la sum_fw-la nor_o be_v this_o i_o take_v it_o magno_fw-la conatu_fw-la nugas_fw-la agere_fw-la the_o discovery_n and_o refutation_n of_o popular_a error_n have_v be_v a_o task_n for_o many_o worthy_a pen_n in_o case_n of_o as_o small_a concerment_n as_o this_o perhaps_o may_v seem_v to_o be_v to_o the_o matter_n then_o whether_o the_o name_n of_o gavelkynd_n be_v at_o first_o impose_v with_o or_o in_o respect_n to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o land_n in_o point_n of_o descent_n or_o not_o be_v indeed_o the_o matter_n in_o question_n the_o common_a opinion_n i_o confess_v affirm_v it_o wherewith_o join_v issue_n in_o the_o negative_a i_o shall_v endeavour_v to_o refute_v it_o by_o a_o double_a proposition_n one_o negative_a show_v that_o this_o be_v a_o wrong_n and_o mistake_v the_o other_o positive_a or_o affirmative_a declare_v what_o be_v the_o right_a and_o genuine_a construction_n of_o the_o term_n as_o for_o the_o former_a though_o it_o carry_v with_o it_o a_o seem_a allusion_n to_o gavelkynd_n in_o sound_n yet_o if_o we_o look_v advise_o into_o the_o true_a nature_n of_o it_o we_o may_v and_o peradventure_o must_v conclude_v the_o etymology_n from_o giveall_a cyn_n give-all-kynd_n
or_o the_o like_a unnatural_a at_o the_o least_o and_o far_o fetch_v if_o not_o violent_o force_v for_o first_o admitting_z kind_a to_o signify_v a_o malechild_n in_o the_o dutch_a or_o belgic_a tongue_n as_o it_o do_v not_o more_o than_o a_o female_a be_v a_o word_n common_a to_o child_n of_o either_o sex_n knecht_n indeed_o with_o they_o as_o cniht_v with_o our_o ancestor_n the_o english-saxons_a be_v of_o that_o knecht_n signification_n yet_o be_v not_o this_o kind_n of_o land_n so_o restrain_v in_o point_n of_o descent_n only_o to_o the_o male_n but_o that_o as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o land_n descendible_a at_o the_o common_a law_n the_o female_n in_o their_o default_n that_o be_v where_o the_o male_n be_v want_v be_v capable_a of_o succession_n to_o it_o and_o in_o the_o same_o way_n of_o partition_n with_o the_o male_n nay_o be_v any_o of_o the_o son_n dead_a in_o the_o father_n life_n time_n leave_v a_o daughter_n behind_o he_o such_o daughter_n shall_v divide_v with_o her_o uncle_n in_o this_o 547._o land_n what_o then_o shall_v we_o admit_v kind_a to_o signify_v the_o issue_n be_v it_o male_n or_o female_a as_o indeed_o it_o do_v either_o come_v of_o the_o saxon_a or_o old_a english_a cennan_n or_o vocâ—_n cennian_n parere_fw-la to_o bring_v forth_o whence_o with_o they_o the_o word_n or_o participle_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d for_o the_o first-begotten_a or_o first-born_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d for_o the_o only_o beget_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d terrigena_fw-la one_o that_o be_v bear_v or_o breed_v of_o the_o earth_n yet_o be_v not_o this_o land_n so_o tie_v to_o the_o issue_n but_o that_o in_o default_n thereof_o i._n e._n where_o that_o be_v want_v such_o as_o be_v in_o the_o transversal_a or_o collateral_a line_n as_o in_o other_o land_n descendible_a at_o the_o common_a law_n may_v and_o do_v inherit_v it_o as_o for_o instance_n when_o one_o brother_n die_v without_o issue_n all_o the_o other_o brethren_n may_v and_o do_v inherit_v as_o do_v their_o respective_a issue_n too_o in_o case_n of_o their_o default_n jure_fw-la repraesentationis_fw-la but_o with_o this_o restriction_n in_o the_o nephew_n case_n succeed_v with_o their_o uncle_n viz._n that_o the_o descent_n be_v then_o in_o stirpes_fw-la not_o in_o capita_fw-la nevertheless_o it_o go_v not_o as_o the_o irish_a 49._o gavelkynd_n to_o all_o the_o male_n of_o the_o same_o lineage_n for_o in_o this_o as_o in_o other_o inheritance_n propinquior_fw-la excludit_fw-la a._n propinquum_fw-la nor_o yet_o neither_o to_o all_o the_o next_o in_o one_o line_n of_o kindred_n as_o they_o pretend_v that_o be_v for_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d take_v cyn_n to_o signify_v kindred_n as_o indeed_o it_o do_v for_o then_o brother_n and_o sister_n both_o be_v alike_o near_o in_o degree_n shall_v equal_o inherit_v a_o thing_n it_o seem_v allow_v by_o the_o old_a german_a custom_n witness_v what_o we_o have_v from_o germanor_n tacitus_n haeredes_fw-la successoresque_fw-la svi_fw-la cuique_fw-la liberi_fw-la etc._n etc._n not_o restrain_v the_o succession_n to_o the_o male_a issue_n as_o neither_o do_v the_o divid_fw-la civil_a law_n whereas_o we_o know_v that_o as_o by_o the_o hoâ—om_n feudal_n custom_n abroad_o where_o male_n be_v the_o female_n be_v exclude_v from_o succession_n so_o by_o the_o common_a law_n of_o a._n england_n woman_n or_o female_n shall_v not_o partake_v with_o male_n according_a to_o that_o rule_n lay_v down_o in_o the_o statute_n call_v praerogativa_fw-la regis_fw-la cap._n 16._o foeminae_fw-la non_fw-la participabunt_fw-la cum_fw-la masculis_fw-la which_o by_o the_o way_n be_v understand_v only_o of_o such_o as_o be_v in_o equal_a degree_n but_o do_v â—yn_v or_o kind_n here_o intend_v and_o denote_v a_o man_n issue_n the_o gavelkynder_n child_n what_o may_v we_o say_v then_o to_o a_o conveyance_n of_o land_n in_o gavelkynd_n to_o a_o guild_n or_o corporation_n aggregate_v of_o many_o suppose_v a_o hospital_n as_o a_o instance_n of_o that_o nature_n shall_v be_v produce_v 9_o by_o and_o by_o they_o be_v a_o dead_a hand_n how_o then_o be_v the_o etymology_n in_o that_o case_n justify_v where_o be_v the_o kind_n the_o party_n issue_n here_o to_o make_v good_a the_o derivation_n but_o since_o by_o occasion_n mention_n be_v make_v of_o such_o a_o gift_n or_o conveyance_n to_o stranger_n from_o the_o proper_a issue_n or_o heir_n let_v i_o thus_o far_o further_o add_v that_o in_o case_n it_o be_v call_v gavelkynd_n from_o debitum_fw-la vel_fw-la tributum_fw-la soboli_fw-la i._n e._n due_a or_o give_v to_o the_o issue_n as_o some_o be_v of_o opinion_n how_o come_v it_o then_o to_o pass_v that_o as_o before_o the_o statute_n of_o will_n gavelkynd_n land_n might_n by_o deed_n or_o other_o lawful_a conveyance_n and_o that_o dominâ—_n in_o this_o case_n inconsulto_fw-la and_o invito_fw-la too_o contrary_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o what_o with_o the_o feudist_n be_v proper_o term_v 341._o feâ—_n be_v free_o give_v or_o sell_v away_o from_o the_o heir_n by_o the_o custom_n to_o a_o mere_a stranger_n contrary_a to_o the_o old_a common_a law_n of_o 1._o england_n except_o in_o some_o few_o case_n as_o in_o frankalmoigne_n or_o in_o marriage_n with_o a_o man_n daughter_n a_o reasonable_a part_n may_v be_v give_v with_o some_o limitation_n and_o distinction_n between_o land_n of_o inheritance_n and_o purchase_n as_o now_o since_o the_o statute_n of_o will_n if_o not_o before_o as_o some_o of_o late_o seek_v to_o persuade_v we_o a_o matter_n which_o i_o shall_v reserve_v proposition_n alâ—iori_fw-la indagini_fw-la it_o may_v be_v and_o daily_o be_v by_o devise_n of_o will_n and_o testament_n how_o be_v the_o next_o heir_n right_a to_o this_o land_n preserve_v when_o there_o be_v that_o freedom_n of_o give_v or_o devise_v it_o away_o or_o how_o can_v this_o liberty_n &_o that_o etymology_n consist_v yet_o further_o do_v not_o mr._n lambard_n somewhere_o 544_o say_v that_o no_o gavelkynd_n partition_n can_v be_v challenge_v but_o only_o where_o the_o custom_n of_o division_n have_v prevail_v and_o that_o gavelkynd_n be_v not_o try_v by_o the_o manner_n of_o socage-service_n but_o only_o by_o the_o touch_n of_o some_o former_a partition_n if_o â—o_o no_o land_n then_o can_v proper_o be_v call_v gavelkynd_n wherein_o this_o custom_n of_o partition_n have_v not_o yet_o obtain_v what_o shall_v then_o be_v think_v of_o those_o new_a create_a tenor_n in_o gavelkynd_n whereof_o until_o the_o statute_n of_o 1._o quia_fw-la emptores_fw-la terrarum_fw-la example_n be_v very_o obvious_a and_o frequent_a in_o the_o old_a record_n both_o of_o the_o cathedral_n at_o canterbury_n and_o of_o the_o neighbour_n abbey_n of_o st._n augustine_n and_o elsewhere_o afford_v many_o ancient_a grant_n of_o land_n in_o gavelkynd_n to_o what_o original_n shall_v the_o name_n there_o be_v refer_v to_o any_o customable_a partition_n nothing_o less_o for_o where_o can_v that_o be_v find_v in_o gavelkynd-land_n of_o novel_a tenure_n for_o want_v of_o that_o competency_n of_o precursory_a time_n of_o they_o necessary_o presuppose_v to_o frame_v the_o custom_n in_o who_o conceive_v the_o name_n take_v from_o such_o accustomable_a partition_n moreover_o if_o partition_n be_v the_o thing_n that_o give_v name_n to_o gavelkynd_n then_o shall_v all_o partible_a land_n wheresoever_o be_v so_o call_v but_o there_o be_v in_o part_n abroad_o out_o of_o kent_n partible_a land_n not_o call_v gavelkynd_n ergo_fw-la etc._n etc._n for_o the_o assumption_n see_v the_o stat._n 32._o hen._n 8._o cap._n 29._o purposely_o make_v to_o change_v the_o customary_a descent_n of_o the_o land_n of_o osweldbeck_n soak_v or_o lordship_n in_o nottinghamshire_n and_o what_o do_v a._n bracton_n intimate_v less_o in_o his_o sicut_fw-la de_fw-la gavelkynd_n vel_fw-la alibi_fw-la ubi_fw-la terra_fw-la â—st_fw-la partibbilis_fw-la ratione_fw-la terrae_fw-la add_v hereunto_o that_o the_o word_n as_o to_o the_o main_a part_n of_o it_o gavel_n frequent_o occur_v in_o the_o old_a record_n of_o some_o manor_n out_o of_o kent_n sometime_o simple_o but_o for_o the_o most_o in_o composition_n for_o example_n gavel-erth_a gavelate_v gavellond_n gavel-man_n gavelswine_n gavelwood_n gavelrod_n etc._n etc._n of_o which_o more_o anon_o and_o shall_v the_o same_o thing_n contrary_a to_o that_o rule_n of_o law_n â—_o 1._o ff_n de_fw-fr rerum_fw-la permutatione_n diverso_fw-la jure_fw-la censeri_fw-la for_o i_o suppose_v none_o will_v render_v it_o there_o be_v out_o of_o kent_n and_o where_o no_o gavelkynd_n partition_n take_v place_n gifeeal_n nor_o will_n this_o derivation_n any_o better_a stand_n with_o gavel_n where_o it_o help_v to_o the_o composition_n of_o some_o word_n here_o use_v in_o kent_n in_o former_a time_n at_o least_o beside_o that_o of_o gavelkynd_n such_o as_o be_v all_o or_o most_o part_n of_o those_o afore-remembred_n to_o which_o i_o may_v add_v gavel-rip_a gavel-ote_a gavels_a gavelbred_n gavel-bord_n gavel-timber_n gavel-corn_n
gavel-reâ—ter_a etc._n etc._n whereof_o also_o i_o shall_v entreat_v further_o by_o and_o by_o be_v it_o then_o last_o to_o be_v suppose_v that_o the_o land_n mere_a descent_n in_o this_o kind_n to_o all_o the_o heir_n alike_o suppose_v a_o plurality_n of_o heir_n be_v all_o the_o regard_n those_o ancestor_n of_o we_o have_v to_o sway_v and_o regulate_v their_o judgement_n by_o to_o who_o the_o name_n the_o term_n do_v owe_v its_o first_o original_n be_v that_o in_o probability_n ground_n enough_o to_o satisfy_v they_o of_o the_o congruity_n and_o suitableness_n of_o the_o name_n to_o and_o with_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n name_v as_o name_n we_o know_v shall_v suis_fw-la be_v vix_fw-la credo_fw-la i_o doubt_v it_o for_o my_o part_n in_o brief_a then_o to_o recollect_v what_o have_v be_v say_v 1._o if_o female_n be_v capable_a of_o this_o succession_n as_o well_o as_o male_n where_o the_o male_a issue_n fail_v 2._o if_o collateral_a kindred_n be_v capable_a thereof_o as_o well_o as_o those_o in_o the_o descendent_a line_n where_o such_o heir_n be_v want_v in_o both_o which_o kind_n gavelkynd_n land_n differ_v not_o from_o that_o at_o the_o common_a law_n 3._o if_o corporation_n may_v hold_v land_n in_o gavelkynd_n 4._o if_o such_o land_n may_v be_v pass_v away_o to_o mere_a stranger_n from_o the_o right_a heir_n 5._o if_o none_o may_v proper_o be_v call_v gavelkynd-land_n where_o a_o accustomable_a partition_n have_v not_o make_v way_n for_o it_o 6._o if_o there_o be_v partible_a land_n elsewhere_o out_o of_o kent_n that_o be_v not_o call_v gavelkynd_n 7._o if_o gavel_n the_o forepart_n of_o the_o word_n find_v in_o some_o record_n of_o land_n out_o of_o kent_n and_o of_o other_o in_o kent_n will_v not_o bear_v the_o derivation_n of_o it_o from_o gifeeal_n without_o absurdity_n 8._o and_o last_o if_o name_n be_v to_o be_v impose_v with_o respect_n to_o the_o nature_n of_o what_o be_v sapient_a name_v then_o be_v gavelkynd_n after_o these_o man_n premise_a derivation_n in_o some_o sort_n a_o very_a scant_a narrow_a and_o partial_a in_o other_o a_o most_o incongruous_a and_o improper_a term_n to_o express_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o land_n by_o sure_o there_o be_v somewhat_o more_o peculiar_a to_o gavelkynd-land_n and_o of_o more_o note_n and_o eminency_n in_o it_o better_a serve_v to_o distinguish_v it_o from_o other_o kind_n of_o land_n than_o this_o derivation_n of_o they_o seem_v to_o intimate_v and_o which_o first_o give_v occasion_n to_o the_o imposition_n of_o that_o name_n upon_o it_o which_o lead_v i_o to_o my_o other_o the_o positive_a or_o affirmative_a proposition_n assert_v the_o true_a sense_n and_o construction_n of_o the_o term_n and_o show_v whence_o it_o be_v at_o first_o impose_v and_o afterward_o continue_v wherein_o i_o must_v confess_v mr._n lambard_n be_v as_o happy_a signify_v to_o go_v right_a in_o the_o latter_a of_o his_o two_o conjecture_n as_o he_o be_v before_o unlucky_a to_o miss_v of_o the_o right_n in_o his_o former_a yet_o in_o this_o passive_o unhappy_a though_o that_o the_o former_a through_o the_o advantage_n aforementioned_a whole_o take_v and_o be_v accept_v of_o all_o while_o the_o latter_a be_v receive_v and_o embrace_v of_o none_o but_o no_o great_a marvel_n since_o while_o some_o through_o ignorance_n can_v not_o judge_v of_o other_o haply_o for_o company_n will_v not_o question_v so_o plausible_a a_o derivation_n but_o to_o the_o purpose_n to_o such_o as_o be_v any_o thing_n verse_v in_o saxon_a monument_n gafol_n be_v a_o word_n very_o obvious_a but_o vary_v sometime_o in_o the_o dialect_n as_o be_v write_v now_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d anon_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d here_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d there_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d i_o shall_v give_v you_o a_o few_o instance_n where_o it_o occurr_n and_o in_o what_o sense_n tribute_n mention_v in_o the_o 17_o of_o st._n matthews_n gospel_n verse_n 24_o and_o 25_o as_o also_o in_o the_o 22_o of_o the_o same_o evangelist_n verse_n 17_o &_o 19_o be_v in_o the_o saxon_a translation_n of_o the_o gospel_n turn_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o the_o 25_o chapter_n of_o the_o same_o gospel_n at_o the_o 27_o verse_n it_o serve_v to_o express_v what_o there_o in_o our_o modern_a english_a translation_n be_v call_v in_o some_o book_n advantage_n in_o other_o usury_n agreeable_a to_o that_o in_o the_o saxon_a psalter_n psal_n 54._o vers_fw-la 11._o where_o usura_fw-la in_o the_o latin_a in_o the_o marginal_a version_n or_o read_n of_o the_o word_n be_v render_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d occur_v in_o the_o first_o of_o king_n withred_n law_n of_o sir_n henry_n spelmans_fw-mi edition_n in_o the_o first_o volume_n of_o the_o council_n pag._n 194._o be_v of_o that_o learned_a knight_n expound_v to_o we_o by_o redditus_fw-la vel_fw-la pensiones_fw-la as_o it_o be_v again_o in_o his_o latin_a version_n of_o pope_n agatho's_n decretal_a epistle_n pag._n 164._o of_o the_o same_o council_n by_o redditus_fw-la in_o a_o old_a sanction_n of_o king_n edgar_n recite_v by_o mr._n selden_n in_o his_o note_n upon_o aedmerus_fw-la pag._n 153._o what_o be_v there_o in_o the_o latin_a read_n solitus_fw-la census_fw-la in_o the_o interlineary_a saxon_a version_n we_o find_v render_v there_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d hereunto_o i_o may_v add_v heap_n of_o instance_n take_v from_o the_o saxon_a law_n the_o mare_n clausum_fw-la and_o elsewhere_o but_o i_o forbear_v to_o exspatiate_v and_o to_o be_v short_a gafol_n be_v a_o word_n which_o as_o gablum_fw-la in_o doomsday-book_n the_o skilful_a in_o the_o saxon_a tongue_n with_o sir_n hen._n spelman_n elsewhere_o turn_v by_o what_o gabella_n be_v expound_v gabellâ—_n abroad_o viz._n vectigal_n portorium_n tributum_fw-la exactio_fw-la census_n in_o latin_a but_o in_o english_a with_o verstegan_n tribute_n tax_n or_o custom_n to_o which_o with_o 529._o mr._n lambard_n and_o 2._o sr._n edw._n coke_n let_v i_o add_v rent_n witness_n beside_o the_o former_a quotation_n what_o occurr_v in_o a_o ancient_a will_n or_o deed_n cant._n of_o one_o athelwird_n the_o donor_n of_o certain_a land_n at_o ickham_n in_o kent_n to_o the_o cathedral_n at_o canterbury_n in_o the_o year_n of_o man_n redemption_n 958._o where_o you_o may_v read_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d heâ—eâ—_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d etc._n etc._n and_o anon_o after_o again_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d etc._n etc._n the_o former_a of_o which_o passage_n under_o favour_n of_o the_o skilful_a in_o that_o language_n i_o shall_v render_v thus_o in_o our_o modern_a english_a after_o his_o day_n or_o death_n eadrith_n if_o he_o live_v shall_v enjoy_v or_o use_n it_o yield_v that_o rent_n which_o be_v impose_v on_o it_o that_o be_v v_o pound_n and_o every_o year_n or_o yearly_o one_o day_n farm_n or_o victual_n unto_o the_o covent_n that_o be_v xl_o measure_n call_v sextary_n of_o ale_n 12._o etc._n etc._n and_o the_o latter_a thus_o with_o the_o same_o or_o like_o rend_v that_o herein_o be_v appoint_v let_v i_o add_v what_o in_o another_o like_a record_n both_o for_o time_n and_o place_n occurr_v thus_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o be_v and_o after_o both_o their_o day_n or_o death_n let_v eadsith_v the_o archbishop_n if_o he_o survive_v they_o have_v or_o take_v these_o land_n or_o else_o his_o successor_n for_o the_o time_n be_v unless_o some_o friend_n of_o they_o by_o or_o with_o the_o arch-bishop_n favour_n may_v continue_v to_o hold_v that_o land_n at_o or_o upon_o the_o accustom_a rent_n ur_fw-la upon_o what_o other_o contract_n or_o condition_n may_v be_v have_v or_o make_v with_o the_o archbishop_n then_o live_v or_o for_o the_o time_n be_v i_o shall_v add_v but_o one_o instance_n more_o from_o the_o grant_n of_o bocking_n a_o know_a place_n in_o essex_n to_o the_o same_o cathedral_n by_o one_o ethelrich_n in_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n 997._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o be_v and_o i_o also_o give_v those_o two_o hide_n of_o land_n that_o eadrith_n rent_v or_o hire_v yearly_a for_o half_a a_o pound_n so_o that_o to_o i_o it_o seem_v clear_a that_o ponere_fw-la terram_fw-la ad_fw-la gablum_fw-la be_v as_o much_o as_o to_o hire_v or_o let_v out_o land_v by_o or_o for_o rent_n or_o farm_n and_o by_o consequence_n terra_fw-la ad_fw-la gablum_fw-la posita_fw-la take_v in_o its_o proper_a and_o genuine_a acception_n be_v land_n hire_v or_o let_v out_o to_o farm_n or_o for_o rent_n in_o the_o latitude_n of_o the_o word_n it_o comprehend_v beside_o all_o censual_a or_o tributary_n land_n as_o also_o what_o we_o call_v customary_a land_n in_o that_o sense_n wherein_o consuetudines_fw-la custom_n denote_v 58._o service_n and_o so_o take_v in_o all_o rent-service_n land_n which_o with_o our_o saxon_a ancestor_n who_o call_v the_o
rent_n or_o service_n pay_v or_o do_v for_o such_o land_n voce_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v by_o a_o transposition_n of_o the_o syllable_n call_v and_o know_v by_o the_o name_n of_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o the_o like_a 2._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d i_o e._n except_o the_o churl_n or_o countryman_n that_o occupy_v censual_a land_n as_o one_o will_v say_v now_o except_o the_o country_n fermor_n or_o the_o like_a he_o seem_v by_o this_o to_o be_v proper_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d i._n e._n one_o that_o have_v no_o land_n of_o his_o own_o such_o a_o one_o as_o have_v be_v call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d i._n e._n terrae_fw-la proprietâ—rius_fw-la a_o land_a man_n as_o the_o word_n be_v i_o take_v it_o to_o be_v render_v not_o viator_n a_o way-faring_a man_n or_o the_o like_a as_o some_o voce_fw-la have_v guess_v but_o to_o keep_v we_o to_o our_o gafol_n within_o and_o under_o which_o term_n and_o notion_n not_o only_o the_o generality_n of_o rent_n and_o customary_a whether_o payment_n or_o service_n be_v comprehend_v and_o comprise_v simple_o but_o what_o we_o at_o this_o day_n call_v rent-corn_n rent-honey_n rent-barley_n and_o the_o like_a the_o special_a and_o particular_a rent_n and_o service_n i_o mean_v by_o the_o custom_n of_o some_o manor_n yield_v by_o the_o tenant_n to_o the_o lord_n thereof_o though_o now_o for_o the_o most_o part_n turn_v into_o money_n be_v in_o elder_a time_n in_o composition_n call_v corn-gavel_a hunig-gavel_a bere-gafol_a etc._n etc._n without_o impertinency_n i_o hope_v i_o shall_v here_o present_v the_o reader_n with_o a_o list_n of_o as_o many_o of_o they_o as_o with_o much_o content_n to_o myself_o i_o have_v ransack_v old_a record_n to_o find_v out_o for_o this_o purpose_n with_o a_o assay_n of_o my_o own_o at_o their_o several_a exposition_n and_o they_o be_v divisible_a into_o two_o sort_n the_o one_o beginning_n the_o other_o end_v with_o gavel_n both_o of_o they_o follow_v gavel-corne_n gavel-erth_a gavel-rip_a gavelmed_n gavel-ote_a gaveldung_n gavelrod_n gavel-tymber_n gavel-reft_a gavel-bord_n gavelswine_n gavelwood_n gavels_a gavelwerk_a gavelnoht_a gavelfother_n gavelbred_n wood_n gavel_n work_n gavel_n swine_n gavel_n corn_n gavel_n penny_n gavel_n malt_n gavel_n les_fw-fr gavel_n leaf_n gavel_n hunig_n gavel_n be_v gavel_n twy_n gavel_n bear_n gavel_n for_o gavel_n in_o the_o list_n of_o the_o rent_n and_o service_n reckon_v up_o in_o â—avel-â—orn_a a_o lieger-book_n of_o the_o church_n of_o canterbury_n as_o charge_v upon_o that_o church_n manor_n of_o adesham_n in_o kent_n this_o in_o particular_a thus_o occurr_n item_n the_o gavel-corn_n 66._o sum_n doubtless_o it_o be_v the_o same_o with_o that_o in_o a_o composition_n make_v between_o the_o abbot_n and_o covent_n of_o st._n augustine_n at_o canterbury_n and_o their_o tenant_n of_o minster_n and_o hengrove_n in_o thanet_n anno_fw-la 19_o hen._n 6._o call_v corn-gavel_a and_o there_o thus_o describe_v et_fw-la quod_fw-la quatuor_fw-la corn-gavel_a swillingae_n &_o dimidia_fw-la &_o quarta_fw-la pars_fw-la unius_fw-la swillingae_n residuae_fw-la tenebantur_fw-la &_o tenentur_fw-la de_fw-la praedictis_fw-la abbate_n &_o conventu_fw-la per_fw-la fidelitatem_fw-la &_o relevium_fw-la &_o per_fw-la redditum_fw-la &_o servitium_fw-la vocatum_fw-la corn-gavel_a viz._n reddendo_fw-la eisdem_fw-la abbati_n &_o conventuâ—_n &_o successoribus_fw-la suis_fw-la annuatim_fw-la in_fw-la festo_fw-la s._n michaelis_fw-la archangeli_fw-la de_fw-la qualibet_fw-la swillinga_fw-mi earundem_fw-la 4._o swillingar_fw-la quindecim_fw-la quarteria_fw-la &_o quinque_fw-la buschello_n ordei_fw-la palmalis_fw-la &_o 15_o quarteria_fw-la &_o 5_o buschello_n avenarum_fw-la &_o de_fw-fr praedicta_fw-la medietate_fw-la &_o quarta_fw-la parte_fw-la unius_fw-la swillingae_fw-la secundum_fw-la ratam_fw-la portionis_fw-la ordei_fw-la &_o avenarum_fw-la illas_fw-la medietatem_fw-la &_o quartam_fw-la partem_fw-la contingentis_fw-la defeernd_fw-mi &_o cariand_n ad_fw-la costas_fw-la &_o expensas_fw-la praedictorum_fw-la tenentium_fw-la usque_fw-la ad_fw-la granarium_fw-la dictorum_fw-la abbatis_fw-la &_o conventus_fw-la infra_fw-la monasterium_fw-la s._n augustini_fw-la praedictum_fw-la vel_fw-la per_fw-la servitium_fw-la reddendi_fw-la pro_fw-la qualibet_fw-la acra_fw-la dictarum_fw-la quatuor_fw-la swillingarum_fw-la in_o â—od_n festo_fw-la s._n michaelis_fw-la octo_fw-la denarios_fw-la &_o pro_fw-la dictis_fw-la medietate_fw-la &_o quarta_fw-la parte_fw-la unius_fw-la swilling_n secundum_fw-la ratam_fw-la portionis_fw-la illas_fw-la medietatem_fw-la &_o quartam_fw-la partem_fw-la unius_fw-la swillingae_fw-la de_fw-la praedictis_fw-la ordeo_fw-la &_o avena_fw-la contingentis_fw-la in_fw-la casu_fw-la quo_fw-la praedicti_fw-la tenentes_fw-la praedictum_fw-la or_o deum_fw-la &_o avenam_fw-la in_o eodâ—m_fw-la festo_fw-la in_o formâ_fw-la praedictâ_fw-la non_fw-la solverint_fw-la thus_o the_o composition_n whereby_o it_o be_v apparent_a what_o gavel-corn_n signify_v namely_o as_o before_o be_v intimate_v rent-corn_n in_o a_o accompt-roll_n of_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n cavel-erth_a manor_n of_o reculver_n in_o kent_n anno_fw-la 29._o edw._n 1._o this_o service_n under_o the_o title_n of_o arura_n occurr_v thus_o item_n respondet_fw-la de_fw-la xxxv_o acris_fw-la de_fw-la consuetudine_fw-la arandi_fw-la gavelherthe_n in_o a_o old_a customal_n cant._n of_o gillingham_n manor_n in_o kent_n of_o about_o that_o age_n i_o read_v thus_o item_n sunt_fw-la ibi_fw-la quinque_fw-la juga_fw-la quodlibet_fw-la arabit_fw-la unam_fw-la dimidiam_fw-la acram_fw-la ad_fw-la semen_fw-mi frumenti_fw-la &_o seminabit_fw-la &_o herciabit_n &_o dimidiam_fw-la acram_fw-la ad_fw-la semen_fw-mi ordei_fw-la &_o herciabit_n &_o unam_fw-la virgatam_fw-la ad_fw-la avenam_fw-la &_o herciabit_fw-la &_o warectabit_fw-la dimidiam_fw-la acram_fw-la ad_fw-la ordeum_fw-la &_o nihil_fw-la recipient_a &_o voco_fw-la istud_fw-la opus_fw-la gavelerth_n this_o then_o it_o seem_v be_v a_o certain_a tillageservice_n like_o the_o arura_fw-la in_o bracton_n fol._n 35._o b._n due_a by_o the_o tenant_n hold_v his_o land_n upon_o term_n of_o plough_v etc._n etc._n a_o certain_a quantity_n more_o or_o less_o of_o his_o lord_n demesne_n not_o always_o perform_v in_o kind_n but_o buy_v out_o and_o redeem_v sometime_o with_o money_n et_fw-fr de_fw-fr 10._o sol_fw-la de_fw-fr 10._o acris_fw-la de_fw-la gavelerth_n relaxato_fw-la hoc_fw-la anno_fw-la quoth_v a_o old_a rental_a sans_o date_n of_o the_o arch-bishop_n foresay_a manor_n of_o reculver_n it_o be_v of_o some_o affinity_n as_o with_o the_o french_a poictovine_n biaus_n so_o also_o with_o that_o which_o benerth_n mr._n lambard_n call_v benerth_n expound_v by_o service_n which_o the_o tenant_n do_v with_o his_o cart_n and_o plough_v with_o his_o plough_n indeed_o and_o also_o with_o his_o harrow_n but_o not_o that_o i_o find_v with_o his_o cart_n it_o be_v a_o mere_a tillageservice_n as_o gavelerth_n be_v &_o always_o perform_v precariò_fw-la as_o the_o frenchman_n say_v precairement_n upon_o request_n and_o summons_n in_o aid_n and_o for_o the_o help_n and_o ease_n when_o need_n be_v of_o other_o tenant_n bind_v to_o do_v the_o like_a de_fw-fr gablo_fw-mi i._n e._n as_o i_o conceive_v ex_fw-la debito_fw-la and_o without_o summons_n and_o with_o allowance_n of_o more_o than_o regular_o be_v afford_v in_o the_o other_o manor_n service_n a_o coredy_a i._n e._n diet_n or_o victual_n fometime_o call_v benebred_a during_o the_o employment_n glanvil_n precarias_fw-la carucarum_fw-la forinsecarum_fw-la lib._n 8._o cap._n 3._o may_v hence_o be_v understand_v matthew_n paris_z in_o his_o history_n of_o england_n pag._n 895._o of_o the_o last_o edition_n make_v mention_n of_o a_o breve_fw-la inauditum_fw-la as_o he_o there_o call_v it_o i._n e._n a_o unheard_a of_o writ_n issue_v by_o hen._n 3._o recite_v this_o as_o a_o part_n of_o it_o similiter_fw-la inquiratur_fw-la de_fw-la carucis_fw-la precariis_fw-la which_o by_o the_o learned_a author_n of_o the_o glossary_a at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o work_n be_v thus_o illustrate_v erant_fw-la &_o precariae_fw-la say_v he_o speak_v of_o several_a sort_n of_o plough_n quas_fw-la scilicet_fw-la in_o necessitate_v aliqua_fw-la eminentiori_fw-la colonus_fw-la vaus_fw-la à _fw-la proximo_fw-la suis_fw-la precario_fw-la mutuabatur_fw-la hence_o the_o phrase_n in_o many_o old_a custumal_n and_o rental_n of_o plough_v this_o or_o that_o quantity_n of_o the_o lord_n land_n by_o his_o tenant_n de_fw-fr prece_fw-la de_fw-la precaria_fw-la ad_fw-la precariam_fw-la and_o the_o like_a in_o precariis_fw-la carucacum_fw-la &_o in_fw-la auxilio_fw-la herciandi_fw-la uj._o sol_fw-la viij_o den_n say_v a_o old_a accompt-roll_n memorat_fw-la of_o saltwood_n manor_n the_o meaning_n of_o such_o passage_n in_o record_n of_o that_o kind_n as_o this_o arant_fw-la preces_fw-la semel_fw-la ad_fw-la conredium_fw-la thanet_n curiae_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o the_o like_a may_v hence_o be_v pick_v out_o it_o take_v name_n this_o of_o benerth_n i_o conceive_v of_o the_o saxon_a be_v postulatio_fw-la as_o mr._n lambard_n and_o before_o he_o jornadensis_n translate_n the_o saxon_a law_n turn_v the_o word_n occur_v in_o the_o title_n of_o the_o eight_o of_o king_n ina_n law_n as_o sir_n hen._n spelman_n do_v by_o rogatis_fw-la council_n tom_fw-mi 1._o pag._n 583._o
circumcisionis_fw-la domini_fw-la xx_o d._n but_o so_o call_v i_o trow_v when_o compound_v for_o in_o money_n otherwise_o upon_o the_o same_o ground_n malt-peny_n as_o the_o old_a customal_n of_o the_o malt-peny_n same_o manor_n frequent_o name_v it_o so_o call_v peradventure_o in_o relation_n to_o some_o great_a les-gavel_a rent_n or_o service_n arise_v and_o pay_v out_o of_o the_o same_o land_n that_o this_o at_o some_o other_o part_n or_o season_n of_o the_o year_n i_o guess_v hereat_o by_o a_o old_a cant._n customal_n of_o charing_n manor_n where_o indeed_o i_o find_v it_o so_o and_o so_o les-gavel_a quasi_fw-la lesle-rent_a or_o lesle-service_n i_o take_v it_o to_o be_v the_o same_o that_o in_o the_o customal_n and_o rental_n of_o some_o other_o manor_n i_o find_v write_v lesyeld_v and_o lesgeld_v unless_o leaf-gavel_a it_o be_v mistake_v for_o the_o next_o leaf-gavel_a thus_o occur_v in_o a_o old_a accompt-roll_n of_o the_o church_n of_o canterbury_n et_fw-fr de_fw-fr twelve_o l._n iij._o d._n ob_fw-la de_fw-fr annuo_fw-la redditu_fw-la assis_fw-la cum_fw-la leafgabulo_n ad_fw-la terminum_fw-la s._n martini_n which_o i_o conceive_v to_o be_v the_o same_o with_o what_o in_o a_o like_a record_n of_o hathewolden_a now_o halden_n manor_n in_o kent_n be_v call_v lef-silver_n les-sily_a et_fw-fr de_fw-fr xviij_o d._n the_o lef-silver_n in_o hathewoldum_n the_o old_a custumal_a of_o tenham_n manor_n in_o kent_n call_z it_o lyefyield_v lyef-yeild_a thus_o explain_v it_o tenentes_fw-la de_fw-fr waldis_n non_fw-la possunt_fw-la arare_fw-la terras_fw-la svas_fw-la ab_fw-la equinoctio_fw-la autumpnali_fw-la usque_fw-la festum_fw-la beati_fw-la martini_n sine_fw-la licentia_fw-la et_fw-la ideo_fw-la reddunt_fw-la annuatim_fw-la dimidiam_fw-la marcam_fw-la ad_fw-la festum_fw-la s._n martini_n sive_fw-la fuerit_fw-la pessona_fw-la sive_fw-la non_fw-la et_fw-la voco_fw-la lyes-yeld_a whereby_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v a_o tribute_n pay_v by_o certain_a wealdish_a tenant_n for_o liberty_n to_o plough_v their_o ground_n during_o a_o certain_a season_n of_o the_o year_n viz._n tempore_fw-la pessonae_fw-la which_o because_o of_o some_o prejudice_n that_o may_v thereby_o redound_v to_o the_o lord_n in_o his_o pawnage_n be_v not_o permit_v without_o his_o leave_n gabulum_fw-la mellis_fw-la as_o the_o old_a sup_n rental_n of_o chistlet_n hunig-gavel_a manor_n in_o kent_n seem_v to_o term_v what_o some_o ancient_a accompt-roll_n sup_n of_o otteford_n and_o other_o manor_n call_v hunigave_v both_o one_o and_o tother_o signify_v rent-honey_n item_n de_fw-fr weregavel_n uj._o d._n aliquando_fw-la tamen_fw-la plus_fw-la aliquando_fw-la weregavel_a minus_fw-la thus_o in_o the_o cant._n custumal_a of_o the_o canterbury_n cathedral_n manor_n of_o leisdowne_n in_o the_o isle_n of_o shepey_n it_o seem_v to_o be_v a_o rent_n pay_v in_o respect_n of_o wear_v or_o kiddel_n to_o catch_v fish_n withal_o pitch_v and_o place_v by_o the_o seacoast_n and_o until_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la forbid_v it_o in_o some_o river_n too_o whereof_o see_v further_o in_o sir_n hen._n spelman_n glossary_a verbo_fw-la kidellus_fw-la and_o in_o sir_n edw._n coke_n institutes_n part_v 2._o pag._n 38._o and_o elsewhere_o in_o a_o cant._n accompt-roll_n of_o the_o manor_n of_o reculver_n twyâ—gavel_n in_o kent_n anno_fw-la 16._o edw._n 3._o this_o service_n in_o the_o charge_n there_o thus_o occurr_n idem_fw-la respondet_fw-la de_fw-la 814_o &_o dimid_a bed_n clausur_fw-fr hayag_n fac_fw-la circa_fw-la manerium_fw-la ex_fw-la consuetudine_fw-la unde_fw-la de_fw-fr twygavel_n 200._o i_o meet_v with_o it_o elsewhere_o also_o but_o with_o explanation_n no_o where_o take_v liberty_n of_o conjecture_n i_o conceive_v it_o to_o be_v some_o double_a kind_n of_o service_n by_o the_o twy_n prepose_v as_o elsewhere_o twysket_n a_o twyâ—sket_n imposition_n upon_o the_o tenant_n of_o aldington_n manor_n by_o romney_n mersh_fw-mi for_o maintain_v the_o seacoast_n there_o and_o other_o like_a defence_n against_o inundation_n be_v term_v duplum_fw-la as_o thus_o computus_fw-la de_fw-la duplo_fw-la wallae_n quod_fw-la voco_fw-la twysket_n so_o the_o accompt-roll_n of_o that_o manor_n in_o the_o six_o year_n of_o st._n edmund_n archbishopric_n be_v term_v of_o our_o learned_a glossarist_n verb._n berewica_n bere-gafol_a by_o tributum_fw-la hordeaceum_fw-la elsewhere_o viz._n verb._n gabella_n by_o redditus_fw-la hordeaceus_fw-la you_o shall_v find_v in_o the_o 60th_o of_o king_n ina_n law_n in_o mr._n lambards_n archaion_n if_o it_o be_v not_o rent-barley_n i_o shall_v take_v it_o for_o the_o drincelean_a drincelean_n occur_v as_o in_o the_o last_o chapter_n of_o the_o leges_fw-la presbyterorum_fw-la northumbrensium_n in_o sir_n hen._n spelman_n council_n pag._n 502._o so_o also_o in_o the_o 87th_o of_o king_n cnute_n law_n in_o the_o archaion_n and_o in_o this_o latter_a place_n render_v in_o the_o old_a version_n in_o brampton_n just_a as_o oryncelan_n mistake_v for_o drincelan_n in_o the_o old_a glossary_a at_o the_o end_n of_o hen._n 1._o law_n by_o retributio_fw-la potus_fw-la if_o so_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v the_o same_o with_o what_o be_v afterward_o call_v scot-ale_n whereof_o scot-ale_n you_o may_v read_v in_o matth._n paris_n the_o charter_n of_o the_o forest_n bracton_n the_o mirroir_n and_o elsewhere_o king_n hen._n 2._o in_o his_o charter_n to_o the_o citizen_n of_o canterbury_n acquit_v they_o of_o it_o ita_fw-la quod_fw-la say_v he_o vicecome_fw-la meus_fw-la cantuar._n vel_fw-la aliquis_fw-la alius_fw-la ballivus_fw-la scotalam_fw-la non_fw-la faciet_fw-la it_o be_v sometime_o call_v potura_n and_o be_v a_o contribution_n potura_fw-la by_o the_o man_n and_o tenant_n towards_o a_o potation_n i._n e._n a_o drink_v or_o as_o some_o yet_o speak_v a_o ale_n provide_v to_o entertain_v the_o lord_n or_o his_o bailiff_n withal_o come_v to_o keep_v court_n or_o the_o like_a raise_v by_o a_o proportion_n or_o rate_n more_o or_o less_o according_a to_o the_o better_a or_o mean_a condition_n in_o a_o old_a memorat_fw-la custumal_a of_o southmal_v manor_n in_o sussex_n in_o that_o part_n of_o it_o entitle_v bortha_fw-mi de_fw-mi fell_v i_o read_v as_o follow_v item_n si_fw-la dominus_fw-la archiepiscopus_fw-la fecerit_fw-la scotall_a infra_fw-la boscum_fw-la quilibet_fw-la terram_fw-la tenens_fw-la dabit_fw-la ibi_fw-la pro_fw-la se_fw-la &_o uxore_fw-la sua_fw-la iij._o ob_fw-la &_o vidua_fw-la vel_fw-la kotarius_fw-la i_o d._n in_o the_o sup_n extent_n of_o the_o manor_n of_o ter_v to_o give_v you_o another_o instance_n anno_fw-la 5._o edw._n 1._o this_o scotale_a service_n be_v thus_o remember_v lewes_n memorandum_n quod_fw-la praedicti_fw-la tenentes_fw-la debent_fw-la de_fw-la consuetudine_fw-la inter_fw-la eas_fw-la facere_fw-la scotalium_fw-la de_fw-la xuj_o d._n &_o ob_fw-la ita_fw-la quod_fw-la de_fw-la singulis_fw-la sex_n denar_fw-mi detur_fw-la i_o d._n ob_fw-la ad_fw-la potandum_fw-la bedello_n domini_fw-la archiepiscopi_fw-la super_fw-la praedictum_fw-la feodum_fw-la bracton_n say_v it_o be_v sometime_o call_v filctale_a sol_fw-la 117._o b._n which_o our_o learned_a fildale_n glossarist_n in_o voce_fw-mi correct_v read_v fildale_n and_o be_v in_o some_o sort_n follow_v by_o sir_n edw._n coke_n institut_n part_n 4._o pag._n 307._o with_o the_o varia_n lectio_fw-la before_o bracton_n i_o shall_v rather_o read_v it_o gildale_n and_o then_o indeed_o as_o it_o gild-ale_n come_v near_o the_o other_o scot-ale_n so_o with_o that_o better_a answer_n to_o our_o present_a bere-gafol_a gilled_a gafol_n and_o scot_n be_v as_o it_o be_v synonyma_fw-la and_o univocal_a observe_v to_o be_v always_o pay_v by_o the_o tenant_n per_fw-mi for-gavel_a avail_v to_o the_o mesne_fw-la lord_n not_o to_o the_o chief_a and_o thence_o call_v in_o some_o old_a record_n and_o deed_n foris-gabulum_a quasi_fw-la extra_fw-la vel_fw-la praeter_fw-la gabulum_fw-la quod_fw-la domino_fw-la capitali_fw-la debetur_fw-la just_o like_o the_o french_a man_n surcens_n will_v you_o have_v a_o example_n john_n then_o the_o son_n of_o richard_n at_o horsfald_n by_o his_o cant._n deed_n date_a anno_o 1242._o give_n to_o warin_n of_o stablegate_n a_o parcel_n of_o land_n to_o be_v hold_v to_o he_o and_o his_o heir_n or_o to_o whosoever_o he_o shall_v give_v sell_v or_o assign_v it_o a_o clause_n without_o which_o by_o the_o account_n of_o those_o elder_a time_n land_n be_v not_o alienate_v from_o the_o proper_a 16._o heir_n pay_v to_o the_o prior_n and_o covent_n of_o christchurch_n canterbury_n lord_n it_o seem_v of_o the_o fee_n certain_a annal_a rent_n and_o hen_n and_o to_o the_o feossor_n and_o his_o heir_n i_o d._n yearly_a de_fw-fr forgabulo_fw-la etc._n etc._n some_o other_o instance_n of_o this_o kind_n may_v be_v add_v but_o i_o must_v contract_v pass_v over_o metegavel_n whereof_o mention_n be_v gavel_n make_v in_o the_o old_a glossary_a at_o the_o end_n of_o hen._n 1._o law_n and_o there_o in_o latin_a render_v cibi_fw-la gablum_fw-la now_o a_o word_n or_o two_o of_o gavelet_n this_o i_o must_v tell_v you_o be_v no_o rent_n or_o service_n but_o gavelate_v betoken_v a_o rent_n or_o service_n withhold_v deny_v or_o detain_v cause_v the_o tenement_n forfeiture_n to_o the_o lord_n whence_o those_o word_n of_o fleta_n recite_v the_o statute_n
to_o themselves_o a_o quitrent_a as_o it_o be_v in_o signum_fw-la dominii_fw-la that_o be_v they_o reserve_v to_o themselves_o the_o service_n and_o grant_v to_o the_o hospital_n the_o usum_fw-la fructum_fw-la or_o they_o grant_v the_o utile_fw-la dominium_fw-la to_o the_o hospital_n and_o reserve_v the_o directum_fw-la to_o themselves_o so_o that_o whereas_o bracton_n and_o 26._o other_o make_v mention_n of_o a_o tenure_n in_o feodo_fw-la quoad_fw-la servitia_fw-la &_o none_o in_o dominico_fw-la refer_v to_o the_o chief_a lord_n and_o of_o another_o in_o feodo_fw-la &_o dominico_fw-la &_o none_o in_o servitio_fw-la relate_v to_o the_o freeholder_n the_o former_a may_v here_o be_v refer_v to_o the_o feoffor_n the_o latter_a to_o the_o feoffee_n in_o this_o deed_n but_o this_o parergon_n and_o now_o to_o wind_v up_o all_o concern_v this_o first_o proposition_n and_o not_o to_o enlarge_v with_o any_o further_a instance_n wherein_o i_o may_v be_v infinite_a for_o assert_v this_o truth_n of_o our_o gavelkynd_n derivation_n gavelkynd_n we_o see_v be_v the_o land_n right_a name_n who_o etymology_n be_v never_o wrest_v to_o gife-eal-cyn_a who_o signification_n of_o censual_a rent_n land_n or_o rent-service_n land_n be_v never_o question_v till_o that_o within_o our_o father_n memory_n one_o and_o all_o by_o a_o kind_n of_o error_n jure_fw-la veluti_fw-la successionis_fw-la transmit_v to_o they_o run_v a_o head_n in_o a_o wrong_n and_o mistake_a derivation_n proposition_n ii_o the_o nature_n of_o gavelkynd-land_n in_o point_n of_o partition_n disallow_v then_o gavelkynd_n as_o to_o the_o name_n of_o it_o to_o be_v derivative_a from_o partition_n our_o next_o enquiry_n shall_v be_v if_o on_o the_o contrary_a partition_n owe_v itself_o to_o gavelkynd_n or_o to_o what_o other_o cause_n before_o i_o further_o enter_v into_o which_o research_n or_o offer_v any_o resolution_n to_o the_o quaere_fw-la give_v i_o leave_v to_o preface_n it_o with_o certain_a rule_n ground_n and_o principle_n in_o this_o case_n fit_a to_o be_v premise_v you_o be_v then_o desire_v to_o take_v notice_n that_o here_o in_o england_n we_o acknowledge_v no_o land_n no_o inheritance_n partible_a twofold_n or_o divisible_a but_o what_o be_v so_o either_o first_o by_o law_n as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o female_n succeed_v for_o lack_v of_o male_n whether_o in_o knight-service_n land_n or_o socage_n which_o in_o this_o point_n differ_v not_o or_o what_o second_o be_v so_o by_o custom_n as_o in_o our_o present_a case_n of_o gavelkynd_n and_o such_o like_a no_o parcener_n of_o land_n i_o say_v in_o point_n of_o inheritance_n or_o succession_n but_o either_o according_a to_o the_o course_n of_o the_o common_a law_n or_o by_o custom_n as_o term_v by_o littleton_n and_o our_o more_o modern_a book_n the_o same_o in_o effect_n with_o what_o of_o elder_a time_n in_o bractons_n 418._o language_n be_v call_v 1_o ratione_fw-la personarum_fw-la 2_o ratione_fw-la rei_fw-la vel_fw-la terrae_fw-la in_o the_o next_o place_n let_v i_o adjoyn_v what_o in_o this_o point_n of_o partition_n be_v deliver_v by_o those_o two_o ancient_a and_o famous_a sage_n of_o our_o law_n glanvill_n and_o bracton_n whereof_o the_o former_a 3._o speak_v thus_o cum_fw-la quis_fw-la ergo_fw-la hereditatem_fw-la habens_fw-la moriatur_fw-la si_fw-la unicum_fw-la filium_fw-la heredem_fw-la habuerit_fw-la indistinctè_fw-la verum_fw-la est_fw-la quod_fw-la filius_fw-la ille_fw-la patri_fw-la svo_fw-la succedit_fw-la in_o toto_fw-la si_fw-mi plures_fw-la reliquerit_fw-la filiâ—s_fw-la tunc_fw-la distinguitur_fw-la utrum_fw-la ille_fw-la fuerit_fw-la mile_n sive_fw-la per_fw-la feodum_fw-la militare_fw-la tenens_fw-la aut_fw-la libre_fw-la sokemannus_n quia_fw-la si_fw-la mile_n fuerit_fw-la vel_fw-la per_fw-la militiam_fw-la tenens_fw-la secundùm_fw-la jus_o regni_fw-la angliae_fw-la primogenitus_fw-la filius_fw-la patri_fw-la succedit_fw-la in_o totum_fw-la ita_fw-la quod_fw-la nullus_fw-la fratrum_fw-la suorum_fw-la partem_fw-la inde_fw-la de_fw-la jure_fw-la petere_fw-la potest_fw-la si_fw-mi verò_fw-la fuerit_fw-la libre_fw-la sokemannus_n tunc_fw-la quidem_fw-la dividetur_fw-la hereditas_fw-la inter_fw-la omnes_fw-la filios_fw-la quotquot_fw-la sunt_fw-la per_fw-la part_n aequales_fw-la â—7_n si_fw-la fuerit_fw-la socagium_fw-la &_o id_fw-la antiquitus_fw-la divisum_fw-la salvo_fw-la tamen_fw-la capitali_fw-la messuagio_fw-it primogenito_fw-la filio_fw-la pro_fw-la dignitâ—te_fw-la aâ—sneciae_fw-la suae_fw-la ita_fw-la tamen_fw-la quod_fw-la in_o aliis_fw-la rebus_fw-la satisfaciâ—t_fw-la aliis_fw-la ad_fw-la valentiam_fw-la si_fw-mi vero_fw-la non_fw-la fuerit_fw-la antiquitus_fw-la divisum_fw-la tunc_fw-la primo_fw-la genitus_fw-la secundum_fw-la quorundam_fw-la consuetudinem_fw-la totam_fw-la hereditatem_fw-la obtinebit_fw-la secundùm_fw-la autem_fw-la quorundam_fw-la consuetudinem_fw-la postnatus_fw-la filius_fw-la heres_fw-la est_fw-la item_n si_fw-la filiam_fw-la tantùm_fw-la unam_fw-la reliquerit_fw-la quis_fw-la heredem_fw-la tunc_fw-la id_fw-la obtinet_fw-la indistinctè_fw-la quod_fw-la â—e_n filio_fw-la dictum_fw-la est_fw-la sin_n autem_fw-la plures_fw-la filias_fw-la tunc_fw-la quidem_fw-la indistinctè_fw-la inter_fw-la ipsas_fw-la dividetur_fw-la hereditas_fw-la sive_fw-la fuerit_fw-la miles_n sive_fw-la sokemannus_n pater_fw-la earum_fw-la salvo_fw-la tamen_fw-la primogenitae_fw-la filiae_fw-la capitali_fw-la messuagio_fw-it sub_fw-la formâ_fw-la praescriptâ—_n etc._n etc._n thus_o glanvill_n harmonious_o follow_v and_o almost_o verbatim_o of_o 15._o bracton_n who_o word_n on_o this_o argument_n be_v these_o si_fw-mi libre_fw-la sockmannus_n moriatur_fw-la pluribus_fw-la relictis_fw-la haeredibus_fw-la &_o participibus_fw-la si_fw-la haereditas_fw-la partibilis_fw-la â—it_n &_o ab_fw-la antiquo_fw-la divisa_fw-la haeredes_fw-la quotquot_fw-la erunt_fw-la habeant_fw-la part_n svas_fw-la aequales_fw-la &_o si_fw-la unicum_fw-la fuerit_fw-la messuagium_fw-la illud_fw-la integre_n remaneat_fw-la primogenito_fw-la ita_fw-la tamen_fw-la quod_fw-la alii_fw-la habeant_fw-la ad_fw-la valentiam_fw-la de_fw-la communi_fw-la si_fw-mi autem_fw-la non_fw-la fuerit_fw-la hereditas_fw-la divisa_fw-la ab_fw-la antiquo_fw-la tunc_fw-la tota_fw-la remaneat_fw-la primogenito_fw-la si_fw-mi autem_fw-la fuerit_fw-la sockagium_fw-la villanum_fw-la tunc_fw-la consuetudo_fw-la loci_fw-la erit_fw-la observanda_fw-la est_fw-la enim_fw-la consuetudo_fw-la in_o quibusdam_fw-la partibus_fw-la quod_fw-la postnatus_fw-la praefertur_fw-la primogenito_fw-la &_o è_fw-la contrario_fw-la etc._n etc._n hereunto_o let_v i_o subjoin_v in_o the_o three_o and_o last_o place_n that_o common_a principle_n among_o we_o and_o obvious_a in_o our_o book_n viz._n that_o prescription_n in_o gavelkynd-land_n as_o it_o be_v not_o â—65_n needful_a so_o neither_o be_v it_o good_a the_o reason_n be_v whereof_o i_o pray_v take_v notice_n with_o i_o that_o as_o mr._n lambard_n have_v it_o the_o custom_n of_o gavelkynd_n be_v general_a spread_v itself_o throughcut_a the_o whole_a shire_n into_o all_o land_n subject_a by_o ancient_a tenure_n unto_o the_o same_o such_o place_n only_o except_v where_o it_o be_v alter_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n and_o therefore_o 5._o edw._n 4._o 8._o and_o 14._o hen._n 4._o 8._o it_o be_v say_v that_o the_o custom_n of_o gavelkynd_n be_v as_o it_o be_v a_o common_a law_n in_o kent_n have_v thus_o premise_v i_o shall_v now_o make_v it_o my_o endeavour_n to_o shape_v such_o a_o resolution_n or_o answer_n to_o the_o propound_v quaere_fw-la as_o may_v consist_v with_o these_o principle_n and_o brief_o my_o answer_n here_o be_v negative_a viz._n that_o partition_n do_v not_o owe_v itself_o bare_o to_o gavelkynd_n either_o ex_fw-la vi_fw-la termini_fw-la by_o reason_n or_o force_v of_o that_o denomination_n or_o ratione_fw-la rei_fw-la from_o the_o nature_n or_o condition_n of_o the_o land_n that_o property_n alone_o of_o the_o land_n be_v gavelkynd_n or_o so_o call_v not_o suffice_v to_o render_v it_o partible_a first_o as_o for_o the_o name_n the_o term_n that_o that_o will_v in_o no_o wise_n bear_v it_o be_v i_o conceive_v a_o thing_n sufficient_o clear_v in_o our_o discourse_n upon_o the_o first_o proposition_n wherein_o the_o term_n be_v vindicate_v from_o that_o mistake_a construction_n by_o the_o error_n of_o latter_a time_n obtrude_v on_o it_o nor_o can_v such_o a_o derivation_n any_o way_n consist_v with_o the_o premise_a principle_n partition_n in_o gavelkynd-land_n from_o the_o term_n or_o denomination_n of_o it_o be_v reducible_a to_o none_o of_o the_o there_o assign_a cause_n of_o partition_n as_o inconsistent_a also_o with_o those_o cause_n and_o ground_n of_o partition_n that_o dichotomy_n or_o bipartite_a distinction_n of_o partible_a land_n into_o 1_o that_o by_o law_n and_o 2_o that_o by_o custom_n be_v the_o attribute_v that_o property_n of_o partition_n in_o gavelkynd_n to_o the_o nature_n or_o condition_n of_o the_o land_n there_o be_v no_o mention_n of_o any_o such_o three_o sort_n of_o partible_a land_n to_o be_v find_v in_o our_o book_n if_o it_o be_v reply_v yes_o sure_o for_o objection_n bracton_n be_v express_v for_o a_o partition_n ratione_fw-la reâ—_n vel_fw-la terrae_fw-la in_o the_o place_n above_o quote_v that_o especial_o where_o he_o say_v as_o fol._n 374._o a._n sicut_fw-la de_fw-fr gavelkind_n vel_fw-la alibi_fw-la ubi_fw-la terra_fw-la partibilis_fw-la est_fw-la ratione_fw-la terrae_fw-la such_o indeed_o be_v his_o solution_n word_n and_o withal_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v deny_v that_o such_o be_v the_o nature_n
but_o because_o it_o be_v land_n which_o by_o the_o nature_n of_o it_o appertein_v not_o to_o the_o gentry_n but_o to_o the_o yeomanry_n who_o name_n or_o house_n they_o care_v not_o so_o much_o to_o uphold_v by_o keep_v the_o inheritance_n to_o the_o elder_a brother_n and_o thus_o at_o length_n though_o it_o be_v like_a enough_o from_o small_a beginning_n as_o many_o time_n great_a stream_n have_v but_o narrow_a fountain_n it_o become_v so_o spread_v and_o diffuse_v over_o all_o the_o county_n that_o what_o be_v not_o knight-service_n but_o socage-land_n or_o of_o socage_n tenure_n be_v in_o time_n in_o mr._n lambards_n phrase_n apparel_v with_o the_o name_n and_o as_o may_v be_v add_v qualify_v with_o the_o property_n of_o gavelkynd_n and_o hence_o also_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v both_o that_o we_o very_o rare_o or_o never_o meet_v with_o any_o land_n there_o at_o this_o day_n other_o than_o knight-service_n land_n that_o be_v not_o of_o gavelkynd_n nature_n and_o of_o a_o partible_a descent_n and_o that_o withal_o both_o our_o print_a and_o manuscript_n custumal_n whether_o general_a or_o particular_a use_v never_o a_o word_n of_o socage_n tenure_n but_o of_o gavelkynder_n tenant_n in_o gavelkynd_n tenement_n of_o gavelkynd_n and_o such_o like_a as_o mr._n lambard_n observe_v pag._n 544._o and_o notwithstanding_o the_o ancient_a print_a custumal_a in_o tottell_n claim_v freedom_n only_o to_o the_o body_n of_o the_o gavelkynder_n which_o may_v be_v the_o true_a read_n yet_o mr._n lambards_n may_v especial_o at_o this_o day_n pass_v well_o enough_o by_o who_o copy_n it_o be_v claim_v as_o due_a to_o all_o the_o kentish_a man_n in_o general_a as_o for_o the_o generality_n of_o the_o commons_o by_o common_a intendment_n such_o at_o this_o day_n but_o of_o these_o thing_n hitherto_o yet_o ere_o i_o proceed_v to_o the_o next_o proposition_n let_v i_o discharge_v myself_o of_o a_o late_a promise_n for_o inquiry_n into_o the_o follow_a emergent_a whether_o the_o writ_n de_fw-fr rationabili_fw-la parte_fw-la bonorum_fw-la lie_v reader_n at_o the_o common_a law_n or_o by_o custom_n this_o writ_n be_v ground_v and_o depend_v on_o a_o tripartite_a division_n of_o a_o man_n personal_a estate_n whether_o die_v testate_a or_o intestate_a and_o leave_v behind_o he_o wife_n and_o child_n as_o in_o case_n he_o leave_v only_o a_o wife_n and_o no_o child_n or_o child_n only_o and_o no_o wife_n upon_o a_o bipartite_a in_o the_o former_a of_o which_o case_n one_o three_o part_n of_o the_o good_n belong_v to_o the_o widow_n another_o to_o the_o child_n and_o the_o three_o call_v the_o deaths-part_n to_o the_o use_n of_o the_o defunct_a to_o be_v dispose_v either_o by_o himself_o as_o he_o shall_v see_v good_a by_o his_o will_n or_o for_o he_o if_o he_o die_v intestate_a by_o the_o ordinary_a in_o pios_fw-la usus_fw-la in_o the_o latter_a case_n one_o moiety_n fall_v to_o the_o widow_n or_o to_o the_o child_n as_o the_o case_n shall_v be_v and_o the_o other_o to_o the_o use_n of_o the_o dead_a as_o before_z in_o both_o case_n to_o the_o child_n of_o the_o decease_a each_o of_o they_o a_o rateable_a part_n provide_v that_o such_o child_n be_v not_o his_o father_n heir_n or_o be_v not_o otherwise_o advance_v by_o he_o in_o his_o life_n time_n unless_o haply_o for_o hereof_o there_o be_v some_o question_n wave_v that_o his_o former_a portion_n he_o shall_v choose_v rather_o as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o land_n to_o take_v the_o benefit_n of_o this_o partition_n by_o the_o way_n of_o hodgepodge_n which_o be_v all_o one_o with_o the_o civilian_n hodgepodge_n collatio_fw-la bonorum_fw-la or_o the_o lumbards_n missio_fw-la in_fw-la confusum_fw-la see_v dr._n cowell_n and_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n in_o hodgepodge_n now_o that_o there_o be_v any_o certain_a or_o definite_a part_n or_o portion_n of_o the_o decease_v good_n or_o estate_n whether_o real_a or_o personal_a any_o quota_fw-la pars_fw-la or_o legitima_fw-la as_o the_o civilian_n term_v it_o by_o any_o custom_n here_o national_o observe_v due_a to_o the_o widow_n or_o child_n in_o the_o saxon_a time_n do_v not_o that_o i_o can_v find_v appear_v by_o any_o law_n or_o other_o monument_n of_o they_o now_o extant_a the_o plain_a and_o most_o visible_a footstep_n of_o that_o tripartite_a division_n or_o partition_n by_o this_o writ_n intend_v appear_v in_o that_o remarkable_a place_n of_o venerable_a bede_n ecclesiastical_a history_n lib._n 5._o cap._n 13._o where_o we_o read_v of_o one_o who_o testatorlike_o dispose_v of_o his_o substance_n or_o estate_n omnem_fw-la quam_fw-la possederat_fw-la substantiam_fw-la in_fw-la tres_fw-la divisit_fw-la portiones_fw-la eâ—quibus_fw-la unam_fw-la conjugi_fw-la alteram_fw-la filiis_fw-la tradidit_fw-la tertiam_fw-la sibiipsi_fw-la retentans_fw-la statim_fw-la pauperibus_fw-la distribuit_fw-la the_o saxon_a read_v have_v it_o more_o for_o our_o purpose_n thus_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d where_o mark_n the_o three_o part_n be_v there_o say_v to_o belong_v to_o himself_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d etc._n etc._n plain_o insinuate_v that_o the_o other_o two_o as_o right_o appertein_v to_o his_o wife_n and_o child_n each_o of_o they_o a_o three_o but_o withal_o observe_v that_o this_o be_v the_o act_n of_o a_o housekeeper_n in_o the_o province_n or_o region_n as_o there_o call_v of_o northumberland_n paterfamilias_fw-la in_o region_fw-la northanâ—ymbrorum_n etc._n etc._n so_o be_v he_o describe_v and_o such_o a_o testimony_n indeed_o it_o be_v as_o make_v much_o i_o confess_v for_o the_o antiquity_n of_o that_o custom_n of_o a_o tripartite_a division_n yet_o survive_v and_o currant_n in_o those_o northern_a quarter_n of_o the_o kingdom_n but_o whither_o in_o right_a construction_n extensive_a any_o further_o or_o conclude_v for_o a_o national_a custom_n in_o that_o particular_a especial_o since_o traceable_a in_o few_o other_o part_n or_o county_n of_o the_o realm_n by_o any_o late_a or_o elder_a footstep_n i_o think_v may_v well_o be_v doubt_v to_o proceed_v then_o for_o i_o intend_v to_o state_n and_o handle_v the_o point_n rather_o as_o a_o historian_n relate_v the_o matter_n of_o fact_n than_o as_o a_o disputant_n argue_v the_o case_n as_o for_o that_o law_n or_o constitution_n of_o 425._o king_n edmund_n which_o some_o insist_v upon_o for_o the_o widow_n right_a to_o a_o moiety_n of_o the_o estate_n if_o she_o have_v no_o issue_n otherwise_o in_o case_n of_o issue_n and_o remain_v sole_a to_o the_o whole_a that_o clear_o take_v place_n only_a vigore_fw-la contractus_fw-la or_o by_o force_n of_o a_o precedent_a contract_n the_o law_n in_o that_o particular_a be_v usher_v in_o with_o this_o ground_n or_o supposition_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d etc._n etc._n i._n e._n if_o it_o shall_v be_v so_o mutual_o agree_v or_o covenant_v before_o or_o upon_o the_o marriage_n nor_o do_v that_o law_n of_o king_n canutus_n par_fw-fr 2._o cap._n 68_o conclude_v for_o more_o than_o this_o namely_o a_o partition_n of_o the_o estate_n among_o the_o wife_n child_n and_o nigh_a kindred_n to_o be_v make_v judicio_fw-la domini_fw-la by_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o soil_n discretion_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d i._n e._n right_o or_o according_a to_o right_n and_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d i._n e._n after_o the_o measure_n raâ—e_v or_o proportion_n that_o to_o they_o belong_v not_o determine_v or_o make_v any_o mention_n what_o that_o right_a that_o measure_n or_o proportion_n be_v in_o certain_a not_o the_o widow_n and_o child_n each_o of_o they_o a_o three_o for_o then_o where_o be_v the_o kinsfolk_n share_v but_o leave_v it_o indâ—â—â—niâ—o_v and_o undetermined_a as_o what_o haply_o be_v order_v by_o the_o lord_n discretion_n and_o that_o sway_v and_o regulate_v by_o that_o optima_fw-la legum_fw-la interpret_v custom_n may_v vary_v with_o the_o place_n nor_o be_v any_o such_o partition_n currant_n here_o in_o case_n there_o be_v a_o will_n for_o what_o say_v the_o law_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d etc._n etc._n i._n e._n if_o any_o one_o depart_v this_o life_n intestate_a etc._n etc._n imply_v liberam_fw-la testandi_fw-la facultatem_fw-la a_o free_a liberty_n to_o dispose_v otherwise_o by_o will_n as_o do_v also_o that_o law_n of_o his_o successor_n the_o 36._o confessor_n ratify_v and_o reinforce_v by_o his_o successor_n the_o conqueror_n provide_v that_o the_o child_n of_o person_n intestate_a shall_v equal_o divide_v the_o heritage_n in_o which_o respect_n and_o because_o by_o take_v no_o notice_n of_o the_o widow_n as_o neither_o do_v that_o other_o law_n of_o canutus_n par_fw-fr 2._o cap._n 75._o it_o tacit_o seem_v to_o exclude_v she_o i_o know_v not_o well_o what_o much_o pertinent_a to_o the_o point_n in_o hand_n can_v be_v conclude_v from_o that_o law_n and_o as_o not_o from_o this_o so_o neither_o i_o conceive_v from_o that_o law_n of_o king_n hen._n 1._o cap._n 1._o because_o it_o concern_v
though_o with_o some_o little_a variation_n of_o the_o dialect_n occasion_v by_o tract_n of_o time_n bring_v its_o corruption_n and_o the_o intermixture_n of_o other_o language_n and_o that_o be_v with_o we_o hade_fw-mi head_n hod_z with_o the_o teutonics_n heyd_v and_o heit_n sometime_o hat_n betoken_v in_o each_o place_n as_o doom_n and_o ship_n ancient_o write_v scip_n in_o the_o termination_n of_o many_o of_o our_o word_n a_o quality_n kind_n condition_n state_n sort_n nature_n property_n and_o the_o like_a hence_o the_o military_a masculine_a feminine_a childish_a paternal_a maternal_a fraternal_a sisterly_a desolate_a presbyterial_a neighbourly_a quality_n nature_n kind_n condition_n etc._n etc._n of_o a_o knight_n a_o man_n a_o woman_n a_o child_n a_o father_n a_o mother_n a_o brother_n a_o sister_n a_o widow_n a_o priest_n a_o neighbour_n etc._n etc._n be_v term_v knighthode_a manhood_n womanhode_n childhode_n fatherhode_n motherhode_n brotherhode_n sisterhode_n widowhode_n priesthode_n neighbourhode_n etc._n etc._n the_o quality_n nature_n existence_n of_o the_o deity_n be_v style_v godhead_n with_o we_o with_o our_o ancestor_n the_o english_a saxon_n who_o write_v and_o have_v that_o hade_a which_o we_o since_o write_v and_o have_v hod_z and_o hood_n godhade_n head_n in_o maidenhead_n owe_v itself_o to_o the_o same_o original_n denote_v out_o the_o virgin-condition_n or_o maiden-quality_n of_o the_o party_n hood_n in_o livelihood_n be_v also_o spring_v from_o the_o same_o root_n whereby_o a_o man_n state_n of_o subsistence_n be_v signify_v and_o the_o like_a may_v be_v say_v of_o hood_n in_o falsehood_n likelihood_n and_o a_o many_o word_n more_o of_o like_a termination_n as_o express_v and_o set_v forth_o in_o the_o one_o the_o false_a in_o the_o other_o the_o probable_a likely_a condition_n of_o the_o thing_n predicate_v this_o may_v also_o help_v we_o in_o the_o etymology_n of_o what_o we_o use_v to_o call_v feud_n or_o deadly_a feud_n derive_v our_o ancestor_n the_o saxon_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o german_n fhede_v feide_n and_o faide_n which_o in_o truth_n be_v but_o a_o compound_n of_o their_o fâ—h_n i._n e._n hostess_fw-la inimicus_fw-la as_o we_o say_v at_o this_o day_n a_o foe_n and_o hod_z hade_fw-mi head_n heyt_n etc._n etc._n â—i_fw-la conditio_fw-la status_fw-la qualitas_fw-la etc._n etc._n together_o import_v the_o condition_n of_o enmity_n in_o the_o person_n who_o bear_v it_o i_o can_v here_o enlarge_v with_o instance_n of_o very_a many_o teutonic_n word_n thus_o terminate_a i_o mean_v in_o their_o dialect_n with_o heyd_a heit_n and_o the_o like_a and_o by_o such_o their_o termination_n predicate_v as_o be_v say_v before_o a_o quality_n condition_n etc._n etc._n such_o as_o allenheyd_v felheyd_n fijnigheyd_n hebbelickheyd_n heyligheyd_n maeghdelickheyd_n and_o number_n more_o obvious_a in_o every_o page_n of_o kilianus_n dictionarium_fw-la teutonico-latinum_a and_o elsewhere_o but_o i_o fear_v to_o be_v tedious_a see_v now_o what_o the_o latter_a syllable_n in_o feudum_n and_o allodium_fw-la in_o their_o several_a original_n signify_v and_o have_v take_v the_o word_n thus_o asunder_o let_v we_o next_o consider_v of_o the_o other_o part_n of_o the_o composition_n their_o former_a syllable_n which_o in_o feudum_n the_o former_a be_v feh_n feo_fw-it or_o feoh_o signify_v as_o 218._o pecunia_n in_o the_o general_n so_o more_o peculiar_o a_o salary_n stipend_n wage_n intend_v of_o we_o when_o we_o say_v officer_n live_v by_o their_o fee_n while_o in_o the_o other_o allodium_fw-la the_o former_a syllable_n right_o write_v be_v all_o al_n or_o as_o with_o the_o saxon_n eal_n put_v we_o now_o the_o syllable_n together_o again_o and_o then_o the_o former_a will_v come_v forth_o feo-hode_a feh-hode_a or_o the_o like_a the_o latter_a all-hode_a and_o that_o most_o apposite_o if_o apply_v to_o the_o feudist_n feudum_n and_o allodium_fw-la consider_v in_o their_o origination_n and_o primitive_a acception_n the_o former_a of_o which_o when_o first_o fee_n institute_v be_v but_o personal_a not_o as_o afterward_o perpetual_a patrimonial_a hereditary_a or_o hold_v in_o glanvill_n and_o bractons_n phrase_n ad_fw-la remanentiam_fw-la but_o as_o a_o clergyman_n hold_v his_o benefice_n hence_o in_o some_o ancient_a 1._o charter_n call_v feodum_fw-la only_a for_o life_n the_o tenant_n be_v but_o a_o mere_a stipendiary_a a_o termer_n at_o best_a but_o a_o freeholder_n for_o life_n usufructuarius_fw-la and_o indeed_o some_o be_v not_o so_o much_o but_o hold_v only_o as_o our_o learned_a felonia_n glossarist_n have_v it_o ad_fw-la voluntatem_fw-la domini_fw-la as_o 14._o other_o precariò_fw-la not_o unlike_o our_o tenant_n at_o will_n since_o and_o at_o this_o day_n the_o land_n be_v only_o lend_v as_o the_o german_a term_n for_o it_o 7._o lehen_fw-ge seem_v to_o intimate_v in_o process_n of_o time_n degenerate_v and_o recede_v from_o their_o first_o institution_n they_o become_v perpetual_a and_o hereditary_a yet_o hold_v as_o former_o with_o a_o condition_n of_o service_n on_o the_o tenant_n part_n and_o stipendii_fw-la loco_fw-la &_o nomine_fw-la on_o the_o lord_n by_o way_n as_o it_o be_v of_o salary_n pension_n or_o stipend_n from_o the_o lord_n to_o gratify_v and_o recompense_v his_o man_n withal_o for_o such_o his_o service_n to_o which_o he_o be_v oblige_v under_o peril_n of_o forfeicture_n by_o the_o withdraw_a thereof_o i_o dare_v not_o add_v in_o consideration_n of_o fealty_n or_o homage_n in_o those_o time_n since_o though_o that_o acknowledgement_n in_o the_o feudal_n law_n of_o some_o fee_n tenable_a without_o a_o oath_n of_o 4._o fealty_n be_v indeed_o just_o tax_v for_o a_o paradox_n of_o such_o who_o will_v have_v fee_n to_o come_v of_o fides_n whence_o haply_o our_o legal_a maxim_n that_o all_o tenor_n regular_o be_v liable_a to_o fealty_n yet_o may_v fee_v by_o this_o derivation_n of_o it_o stand_v with_o fealty_n and_o the_o tenant_n of_o it_o be_v call_v fideles_fw-la fideles_fw-la feudale_n without_o a_o solecism_n a_o good_a argument_n for_o the_o derivation_n of_o it_o thus_o rather_o than_o from_o fides_n as_o of_o more_o scope_n and_o more_o consistent_a with_o fee_n of_o all_o sort_n than_o that_o other_o derivation_n do_v allow_v fee_n i_o say_v be_v hold_v but_o in_o service_n nomine_fw-la quasi_fw-la alieno_fw-la the_o dominium_fw-la that_o at_o least_o of_o lawyer_n call_v directum_fw-la though_o the_o utile_a be_v transfer_v on_o the_o tenant_n the_o propriety_n i_o mean_v remain_v and_o abide_v still_o in_o the_o lord_n together_o with_o a_o power_n of_o restrain_v his_o tenant_n from_o alienation_n and_o consequent_o such_o land_n be_v but_o partial_o conditional_o not_o total_o and_o absolute_o grant_v out_o contrariwise_o that_o which_o be_v term_v in_o opposition_n to_o it_o allodium_fw-la as_o it_o be_v hereditary_a perpetual_a and_o patrimonial_a so_o be_v it_o â—ans_v all_o condition_n free_a and_o in_o the_o power_n of_o the_o possessor_n to_o dispose_v of_o it_o ad_fw-la libitum_fw-la how_o he_o please_v either_o by_o gift_n or_o sale_n without_o ask_v any_o man_n leave_v and_o as_o it_o be_v hereditary_a perpetual_a patrimonial_a and_o free_a land_n so_o be_v it_o withal_o possess_v total_o and_o whole_o not_o as_o our_o land_n general_o in_o this_o kingdom_n in_o subject_n hand_n at_o this_o day_n say_v to_o be_v hold_v in_o dominico_n svo_fw-la ut_fw-la de_fw-la feodo_fw-la as_o our_o lawyer_n phrase_n it_o but_o rather_o in_o dominico_n svo_fw-la ut_fw-la de_fw-la jure_fw-la the_o owner_n have_v dominium_fw-la both_z directum_fw-la and_o utile_fw-la or_o in_o the_o feudist_n phrase_n and_o after_o their_o unanimous_a harmonious_a definition_n of_o it_o pleno_fw-la jure_fw-la integrè_fw-la ex_fw-la toto_fw-la or_o ex_fw-la solido_fw-la as_o 1._o malmesbury_n have_v that_o which_o 5._o eadmerus_n express_v by_o in_o alodium_n quit_v of_o all_o service_n like_o frankalmoigne_n whereunto_o mr._n selden_n there_o in_o that_o respect_n resemble_v it_o i_o may_v call_v it_o absolute_o immediate_o or_o if_o you_o will_v independent_o without_o acknowledgement_n of_o any_o superior_a lord_n not_o unlike_o the_o prince_n of_o haynault_n hold_v only_o say_v my_o allodium_fw-la author_n de_fw-fr deo_fw-la &_o sole_fw-la or_o as_o other_o absolute_a prince_n gratiâ_fw-la dei_fw-la in_o a_o word_n in_o totality_n whence_o the_o term_n of_o praedia_fw-la immunia_fw-la terra_fw-la propria_fw-la fundus_fw-la proprii_fw-la juris_fw-la patrimonium_fw-la in_o etc._n charter_n and_o elsewhere_o give_v to_o such_o possession_n probably_n land_n of_o this_o nature_n be_v the_o same_o with_o our_o bocland_n which_o i_o sometime_o find_v in_o the_o latin_a render_v of_o some_o saxon_a piece_n turn_v by_o it_o hence_o a_o hint_n to_o judge_v of_o the_o one_o by_o the_o other_o for_o what_o in_o the_o 11_o chapter_n of_o the_o first_o part_n of_o king_n cnute_n law_n be_v read_v bocland_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d etc._n etc._n and_o in_o the_o old_a latin_a version_n of_o it_o in_o the_o king_n ms._n and_o jornalensis_n
be_v turn_v haereditas_fw-la si_fw-la quis_fw-la tainus_n in_fw-la haereditate_fw-la sua_fw-la terram_fw-la it_o shall_v be_v ecclesiam_fw-la habeat_fw-la etc._n etc._n in_o another_o like_o old_a version_n in_o the_o book_n of_o rochester_n call_v textus_fw-la roffensis_fw-la be_v render_v allodium_fw-la si_fw-la liberalis_fw-la homo_fw-la quem_fw-la angli_fw-la thegen_n vocant_fw-la habet_fw-la in_o alodio_n svo_fw-la ecclesiam_fw-la etc._n etc._n by_o allodium_fw-la also_o be_v turn_v in_o the_o same_o record_n textus_fw-la roffensis_fw-la what_o occurr_n in_o the_o saxon_a fragment_n exhibit_v by_o mr._n lambard_n perambulat_fw-la in_o mepham_n pag._n 500_o under_o the_o term_n of_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d et_fw-la si_fw-la villanus_fw-la ita_fw-la crevisset_fw-la sua_fw-la probitate_fw-la quod_fw-la pleniter_fw-la haberet_fw-la quinque_fw-la hidas_fw-la de_fw-la svo_fw-la proprio_fw-la alodio_n etc._n etc._n allodium_fw-la it_o seem_v thence_o be_v proper_o such_o land_n as_o be_v full_o a_o man_n own_o short_o then_o feudum_n fee_fw-mi or_o land_n hold_v in_o fee_n be_v no_o more_o consider_v in_o its_o first_o and_o primary_n acception_n to_o which_o they_o must_v have_v regard_n that_o will_v hope_v to_o judge_v aright_o of_o the_o ground_n for_o the_o first_o imposition_n of_o the_o name_n than_o what_o be_v hold_v in_o fee-hode_a by_o contraction_n feud_n or_o feod_n i._n e_o in_o a_o stipendiary_a conditional_a mercenary_a mediate_a way_n and_o nature_n and_o with_o the_o acknowledgement_n of_o a_o superior_a lord_n and_o a_o condition_n of_o return_v he_o some_o service_n for_o it_o upon_o the_o withdraw_a whereof_o the_o land_n be_v revertible_a unto_o the_o lord_n in_o which_o respect_n as_o the_o grant_v thereof_o be_v improper_o call_v a_o donation_n be_v but_o 4._o feodalis_fw-la dimissio_fw-la i._n e._n a_o demise_n in_o fee_n so_o the_o deed_n or_o conveyance_n by_o which_o it_o be_v demise_v be_v as_o improper_o term_v a_o charter_n of_o donation_n be_v no_o more_o than_o a_o charter_n or_o deed_n of_o feoffment_n such_o i_o say_v be_v feudum_fw-la allodium_fw-la be_v contrariwise_o what_o be_v hold_v in_o all-hode_a in_o totality_n in_o a_o total_a full_a absolute_a immediate_a manner_n and_o condition_n without_o acknowledgement_n of_o any_o superior_a lord_n and_o free_a from_o any_o tie_n or_o compact_n for_o the_o return_v any_o service_n at_o all_o for_o it_o unto_o any_o thus_o far_o and_o i_o hope_v not_o too_o far_o nor_o impertinent_o for_o clear_n the_o etymon_n of_o feudum_n and_o allodium_fw-la as_o the_o argument_n so_o the_o torture_n of_o many_o learned_a pen_n among_o who_o derivation_n of_o one_o and_o tother_o i_o humble_o crave_v this_o of_o i_o such_o as_o it_o be_v may_v be_v admit_v for_o future_a indagatour_n and_o all_o other_o of_o unforestalled_a judgement_n free_o to_o consider_v of_o and_o now_o to_o spin_v on_o our_o former_a thread_n and_o to_o reassume_v our_o argument_n of_o the_o introduction_n of_o our_o fee_n or_o tenor_n by_o the_o conqueror_n which_o that_o etymon_n come_v in_o the_o way_n cause_v i_o a_o while_n to_o set_v aside_o i_o here_o profess_v to_o concur_v with_o they_o who_o upon_o the_o question_n put_v resolve_v it_o in_o the_o affirmative_a whereof_o our_o learned_a feudum_fw-la glossarist_n for_o one_o thus_o feodorum_fw-la servitutes_fw-la in_o britanniam_fw-la nostram_fw-la primus_fw-la invexit_fw-la gulielmus_fw-la senior_fw-la conquestor_fw-la nuncupatus_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o a_o little_a after_o deinceps_fw-la vero_fw-la resonarunt_fw-la omne_fw-la feodorum_fw-la gravaminibus_fw-la saxonum_n aeuâ—_n ne_fw-la auditis_fw-la quidem_fw-la no_o other_o tenor_n or_o in_o the_o scottish_a expression_n haldings_n of_o land_n be_v former_o here_o in_o use_n but_o these_o two_o bocland_n and_o folcland_n the_o one_o say_v my_o sâ—ripto_o author_n a_o possession_n by_o writing_n the_o other_o without_o that_o by_o write_v so_o he_o add_v be_v a_o freehold_n and_o by_o charter_n hereditary_a with_o all_o immunity_n and_o for_o the_o free_a and_o noble_a sort_n that_o without_o writing_n be_v to_o hold_v at_o the_o will_n of_o the_o lord_n bind_v to_o rent_n and_o service_n and_o be_v for_o the_o rural_a people_n it_o may_v be_v add_v that_o the_o former_a take_v name_n from_o the_o land_n book_v or_o enter_v with_o the_o limit_n of_o it_o in_o a_o codicil_n as_o then_o call_v a_o little_a book_n or_o as_o we_o since_o call_v it_o a_o charter_n which_o if_o the_o land_n be_v give_v to_o a_o layman_n be_v in_o way_n of_o seize_v deliver_v to_o the_o party_n that_o be_v to_o have_v the_o land_n hence_o haply_o that_o ceremony_n we_o retain_v of_o deliver_v a_o conveyance_n as_o the_o party_n act_n and_o deed_n or_o if_o to_o a_o monastery_n lay_v and_o leave_v most_o common_o upon_o the_o altar_n ego_fw-la autem_fw-la licentiâ_fw-la &_o consensu_fw-la illius_fw-la testimonioque_fw-la episcoporum_fw-la &_o optimatum_fw-la suorum_fw-la omnes_fw-la terras_fw-la meas_fw-la &_o libros_fw-la terrarum_fw-la propria_fw-la manu_fw-la mea_fw-la posui_fw-la super_fw-la altar_n christi_fw-la in_o dorobernia_n etc._n etc._n as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o close_a of_o a_o ecclesiae_fw-la memorial_n of_o the_o gift_n of_o monkton_n and_o other_o manor_n to_o the_o church_n of_o canterbury_n in_o the_o year_n 961_o by_o queen_n edive_n or_o edith_n who_o picture_n in_o thankful_a remembrance_n be_v until_o of_o late_o reserve_v in_o that_o church_n treasury_n hence_o be_v such_o a_o charter_n vulgar_o know_v in_o those_o time_n by_o the_o name_n of_o glossary_a a_o landboc_n in_o the_o latin_a of_o the_o time_n telligraphum_fw-la sometime_o codicillus_fw-la and_o the_o like_a observe_v yet_o further_o terram_fw-la haereditario_fw-la jure_fw-la conscribere_fw-la &_o liberam_fw-la proclamare_fw-la the_o latin_a phrase_n for_o create_v bocland_n be_v a_o prerogative_n royal_a or_o a_o royalty_n and_o out_o of_o the_o power_n of_o any_o subject_a whence_o that_o passage_n often_o occur_v in_o subject_n grant_v of_o land_n in_o perpetuity_n to_o the_o forename_a cathedral_n and_o other_o place_n viz._n and_o such_o a_o one_o king_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d i._n e._n haereditario_fw-la jure_fw-la conscripsit_fw-la 854._o as_o also_o that_o liberam_fw-la omninò_fw-la proclamavit_fw-la and_o such_o like_a king_n ethelreds_n privilege_n as_o call_v confirm_v to_o that_o cathedral_n among_o other_o thing_n their_o whole_a possession_n be_v hence_o by_o 507._o one_o of_o the_o subscribent_n call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d but_o notwithstanding_o this_o enfranchisement_n the_o land_n be_v very_o seldom_o alienate_v by_o the_o possessor_n in_o frankalmoigne_n without_o what_o the_o law_n of_o 32._o mortmain_n afterward_o require_v a_o concurrent_a or_o at_o least_o a_o subsequent_a confirmation_n from_o the_o king_n whereof_o example_n be_v obvious_a in_o the_o list_n of_o that_o church_n land_n and_o benefactor_n publish_v in_o the_o antiquity_n of_o canterbury_n pag._n 210._o as_o also_o of_o the_o concurrence_n of_o the_o magnate_v or_o noble_n in_o such_o bocland-grants_a principal_o in_o that_o of_o malling_n you_o shall_v have_v the_o very_a word_n because_o remarkable_a anno_fw-la domini_fw-la dcccxxxviij_o ecgbertus_fw-la &_o athelwlfus_fw-la rex_fw-la filius_fw-la ejus_fw-la dederunt_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la christi_fw-la in_o dorobernia_n malling_n in_o suthsexan_n quod_fw-la viz._n manerium_fw-la prius_fw-la eidem_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la dedit_fw-la baldredus_fw-la rex_fw-la sed_fw-la quia_fw-la mark_v this_o non_fw-la fuit_fw-la de_fw-fr consensu_fw-la magnatum_fw-la regni_fw-la donum_fw-la id_fw-la non_fw-la potuit_fw-la valere_fw-la et_fw-la ideo_fw-la etc._n etc._n bocland_n thus_o flow_v original_o from_o the_o crown_n upon_o all_o forfeicture_n and_o particular_o that_o of_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o possessor_n for_o desert_v the_o war_n as_o if_o there_o be_v no_o mean_a between_o the_o king_n and_o he_o the_o king_n alone_o be_v to_o take_v the_o 75._o forfeict_n but_o of_o bocland_n more_o anon_o some_o other_o kind_n of_o land_n it_o be_v true_a there_o be_v in_o those_o day_n but_o all_o i_o take_v it_o reducible_a to_o the_o precedent_a diehotomy_n such_o as_o 1_o gafolland_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d gafolland_n as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o truce_n or_o agreement_n between_o alfred_n and_o guthrun_n kk_n in_o the_o archaion_n inland_a cap._n 2._o 2_o neatland_n 3_o inland_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d so_o run_v the_o first_o chapter_n of_o king_n edgar_n law_n there_o 4_o utland_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d utland_n as_o we_o have_v it_o in_o the_o will_n of_o byrhtric_n in_o our_o kentish_a perambulation_n pag._n 495._o of_o which_o four_o the_o two_o former_a i_o conceive_v be_v but_o the_o same_o with_o folcland_n both_o one_o and_o tother_o import_v land_n let_v or_o demise_v as_o folâ—land_n be_v to_o rural_a people_n more_o emphitâ—utico_n for_o profit_n the_o one_o from_o gable_n or_o gafol_n i._o â—_o cen_n or_o rent_n be_v term_v gafolland_n the_o other_o call_v neatland_n either_o from_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d to_o improve_v fructify_v whence_o 〈◊〉_d
〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d for_o a_o foenerator_n a_o usurer_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d profit_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d profitable_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d unprofitable_a unthrifty_a or_o else_o which_o i_o rather_o think_v from_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d villanus_fw-la colonus_n as_o the_o old_a version_n of_o the_o 19_o &_o 21th_o of_o k._n ina_n law_n render_v the_o word_n which_o come_v all_o to_o one_o with_o ceorliscus_n speak_v of_o in_o that_o second_o chapter_n of_o the_o foedus_fw-la aluredi_fw-la &_o guthruni_fw-la regum_fw-la and_o there_o describe_v by_o his_o quality_n to_o be_v oâ—e_o that_o occupy_v etc._n gafolland_n as_o for_o the_o remain_v two_o inland_a utland_n the_o former_a be_v terra_fw-la dominicalis_fw-la land_n hold_v in_o demesne_n in_o the_o owner_n own_o hand_n and_o for_o the_o most_o part_n design_v in_o mensam_fw-la domini_fw-la whence_o otherwise_o stilâ—d_n in_o succeed_a time_n bord-land_n like_o the_o civilian_n and_o canonist_n bona_fw-la ad_fw-la mensâ—m_fw-la and_o in_o this_o respect_n may_v not_o unfit_o be_v refer_v to_o bocland_n regular_o of_o like_a property_n the_o latter_a contrariwise_o like_o gafolland_n and_o neatland_n be_v land_n let_v out_o and_o in_o opposition_n to_o demesne_n land_n term_v in_o servitio_fw-la or_o tenementâ—lis_n that_o be_v grant_v out_o in_o service_n by_o the_o lord_n to_o his_o tenant_n to_o be_v hold_v of_o himself_o and_o so_o we_o may_v parallel_v it_o as_o with_o gafolland_n and_o neatland_n so_o with_o folcland_n be_v of_o the_o same_o nature_n like_o the_o frenchman_n fief_a sâ—rvant_n i._o terra_fw-la serviens_fw-la in_o respect_n whereof_o the_o tenant_n be_v bind_v to_o be_v retainer_n attendant_n and_o follower_n to_o their_o lord_n suitor_n to_o their_o court_n and_o be_v thence_o call_v in_o the_o term_n of_o hen._n 1._o law_n take_v up_o afterward_o of_o 10._o bracton_n folgarii_n concern_v which_o see_v further_a in_o sir_n hen._n spelman_n glossary_a verb._n folgare_a &_o folgarii_n as_o also_o in_o the_o law_n of_o king_n knute_n par_fw-fr 2._o cap._n 19_o beside_o these_o sort_n of_o land_n after_o age_n since_o the_o conquest_n produce_v many_o other_o such_o as_o work-land_n cot-land_n aver-land_n drof-land_n swilling-land_n molland_n ber-land_n smiths-land_n beware_v land_n terra_fw-la susanna_n forland_n bord-land_n and_o such_o like_a of_o each_o of_o which_o for_o some_o satisfaction_n to_o the_o inquisitive_a in_o a_o word_n or_o two_o the_o first_o work-land_n be_v land_n of_o a_o servile_a nature_n and_o work-land_n condition_n terra_fw-la servilis_fw-la as_o i_o find_v it_o call_v as_o also_o what_o indeed_o the_o word_n sound_v terra_fw-la operaria_fw-la because_o haply_o at_o the_o creation_n of_o the_o manor_n and_o distribution_n of_o it_o into_o parcel_n charge_v with_o servile_a work_n such_o as_o plough_v and_o harrow_n the_o lord_n aâ—able_a ground_n mow_v tass_v and_o carry_v in_o his_o hay_n sow_v weed_n reap_v and_o in_v his_o corn_n make_v and_o mend_v his_o fence_n thatch_v his_o barn_n and_o such_o like_a charge_v i_o say_v with_o servile_a work_n and_o not_o with_o cens_n or_o rent_n or_o if_o also_o with_o rent_n yet_o of_o the_o twain_o more_o especial_o with_o work_n and_o therefore_o contradistinct_a and_o opposite_a to_o gavelland_n which_o be_v land_n liable_a to_o cens_n or_o rent_n or_o if_o also_o to_o work_n yet_o chief_o to_o rend_v both_o one_o and_o tother_o be_v denominate_v from_o what_o be_v the_o more_o eminent_a service_n arise_v from_o they_o hereof_o some_o footstep_n visible_a in_o the_o 66._o of_o king_n ina_n law_n the_o second_o cot-land_n that_o belong_v unto_o and_o occupy_v cot-land_n by_o the_o cotarii_fw-la cotsetâ—_n or_o cotmanni_n a_o sort_n of_o base_a tenant_n so_o call_v from_o certain_a cotes_n or_o cottage_n small_a shed_n like_o sheep-cote_n with_o some_o little_a modicum_n or_o parcel_n of_o land_n adjoin_v original_o assign_v out_o unto_o they_o in_o respect_n and_o recompense_v of_o their_o undergo_n such_o like_a servile_a work_n or_o base_a service_n for_o their_o lord_n as_o before_z express_v the_o three_o aver-land_n much_o the_o same_o with_o that_o land_n before_o call_v work-land_n come_v of_o the_o french_a ouurer_n to_o work_v or_o labour_n but_o chief_o differ_v from_o that_o in_o this_o particular_a that_o the_o service_n thereof_o consist_v especial_o in_o carriage_n as_o of_o the_o lord_n corn_n into_o the_o barn_n to_o market_n fair_n and_o elsewhere_o or_o of_o his_o domestic_a utensil_n or_o houshold-provision_n from_o one_o place_n to_o another_o which_o service_n be_v of_o diverse_a kind_n sometime_o by_o horse_n thence_o call_v horse-average_a otherwhile_o by_o foot_n horse-average_a thence_o term_v foot-average_a one_o while_o within_o the_o precinct_n foot-average_a of_o the_o manor_n thence_o name_v in-average_a another_o in-average_a while_n without_o and_o then_o call_v out-average_a the_o out-aveâ—agâ—_a tenant_n in_o the_o mean_a while_n be_v know_v by_o the_o name_n of_o avermannus_n the_o four_o drof-land_n that_o hold_v by_o the_o service_n drof-land_n of_o drive_v as_o well_o of_o distress_n take_v for_o the_o lord_n use_v as_o of_o the_o lord_n cattle_n from_o place_n to_o place_n as_o to_z and_o from_o market_n fair_n and_o the_o like_a more_o particular_o here_o in_o kent_n of_o drive_v the_o lord_n hog_n or_o swine_n to_o and_o from_o the_o weald_n of_o kent_n and_o the_o denn_n there_o thence_o call_v of_o old_a drofden_n namely_o from_o the_o drove_n of_o hog_n drofdens_fw-la send_v thither_o and_o there_o feed_v and_o fat_v with_o mast_n or_o pawnage_n the_o driver_n whereof_o be_v vulgar_o call_v drofmannâ—u_n the_o five_o swilling-land_n that_o let_v out_o or_o occupy_v swilling-land_n by_o swilling_n swollings_n or_o sulling_n that_o be_v plough-land_n come_v of_o the_o saxon_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d a_o plough_n in_o which_o notion_n the_o word_n may_v extend_v to_o all_o arable_a land_n the_o quantity_n whereof_o be_v various_a and_o uncertain_a contain_v more_o or_o less_o according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o land_n a_o plough_n be_v able_a to_o master_v a_o great_a or_o lesser_a quantity_n thereafter_o as_o it_o be_v in_o quality_n this_o of_o swilling_n i_o find_v to_o be_v a_o word_n proper_a to_o the_o kentish_a even_o from_o the_o conqueror_n time_n to_o look_v no_o high_a who_o survey_n common_o call_v domesday-book_n show_v sul_v and_o the_o like_a to_o have_v be_v a_o term_n in_o those_o day_n peculiar_a to_o this_o county_n whereby_o to_o express_v the_o quantity_n of_o their_o land_n while_o hide_v and_o the_o like_a be_v of_o like_a use_n elsewhere_o to_o this_o head_n may_v be_v refer_v hide-land_n rodland_n yokeland_n akerland_n rodland_n and_o the_o like_a be_v quantity_n or_o portion_n of_o land_n let_v out_o and_o occupy_v by_o the_o hide_n yoke_n acre_n rod_n etc._n etc._n and_o denominate_v according_o the_o six_o mol-land_n be_v the_o same_o with_o upland_n mol-land_n of_o the_o saxon_n call_v dunland_n stand_v in_o opposition_n to_o meadow-land_n mershland_n or_o low-land_n the_o tenant_n whereof_o be_v wont_n to_o be_v call_v molmannus_n the_o word_n as_o i_o conceive_v be_v derivable_a from_o the_o latin_a mole_n a_o heap_n of_o which_o see_v further_a in_o the_o surveyor_n dialogue_n hence_o probable_o the_o name_n of_o that_o place_n in_o ash_n the_o seat_n and_o patrimony_n aâ—_n this_o day_n and_o from_o good_a antiquity_n of_o the_o harflet_n former_o of_o the_o septvans_n family_n both_o in_o their_o time_n adorn_v with_o knighthood_n call_v molland_n be_v of_o a_o advantageous_a situation_n for_o the_o overlooking_a of_o a_o large_a level_n of_o a_o rich_a mershland_n the_o seven_o ber-land_n that_o which_o be_v hold_v by_o the_o ber-land_n service_n of_o bear_v or_o carry_v the_o lord_n or_o his_o steward_n provision_n of_o victual_n or_o the_o like_a in_o their_o remove_n from_o place_n to_o place_n such_o tenant_n be_v thence_o call_v â—ermâ—nnus_fw-la the_o eight_o smiths-land_n that_o in_o respect_n whereof_o smiths-land_n the_o tenant_n be_v bind_v as_o to_o undergo_v the_o smith_n or_o farrier_n office_n and_o work_n in_o and_o about_o shoe_v his_o lord_n horse_n and_o carriage_n so_o also_o to_o find_v and_o furnish_v he_o with_o material_n of_o iron_n for_o that_o purpose_n the_o nine_o wareland_n the_o same_o that_o otherwise_o wareland_n call_v in_o the_o latin_a of_o the_o time_n terra_fw-la warectata_fw-la or_o terrajacens_n ad_fw-la warectam_fw-la that_o be_v land_n lie_v or_o suffer_v to_o lie_v â—allow_a come_v from_o the_o french_a garé_n their_o g_o hear_v as_o in_o many_o other_o word_n be_v turn_v into_o our_o w_n whence_o with_o they_o terre_n garée_v for_o old_a fallow-ground_n the_o ten_o terra_fw-la susanna_n land_n not_o much_o unlike_a terra-susanna_a unto_o if_o not_o the_o same_o with_o the_o former_a be_v superannuated_a land_n or_o land_n with_o over_o much_o tillage_n
it_o peculiar_o belong_v to_o grant_v out_o or_o pass_v land_n in_o that_o kind_n carta_n alodii_fw-la ad_fw-la aeternam_fw-la haereditatem_fw-la be_v there_o reckon_v and_o rank_v inter_fw-la consuetudines_fw-la regum_fw-la inter_fw-la anglos_n now_o as_o our_o bocland_n do_v not_o present_o expire_v with_o the_o saxon_n its_o first_o author_n upon_o their_o vanquish_a and_o supplant_n by_o the_o norman_n so_o neither_o do_v our_o folcland_n but_o survive_v and_o continue_v after_o the_o conquest_n folcland_n and_o remain_v unto_o this_o day_n though_o not_o in_o the_o very_a name_n yet_o in_o the_o thing_n and_o substance_n for_o as_o aforetime_o the_o saxon_n have_v their_o ceorle_n gebures_n folcmen_n etc._n etc._n as_o afterward_o the_o norman_n their_o villani_n bordmanni_n cotarii_fw-la etc._n etc._n so_o what_o the_o former_a hold_v be_v call_v folcland_n gafolland_n etc._n etc._n and_o be_v oppose_v to_o bocland_n what_o the_o latter_a villeinage_n and_o in_o some_o sense_n socage_n oppose_v to_o chivalry_n knight-service_n etc._n etc._n and_o in_o all_o likelihood_n intend_v by_o that_o rusticana_fw-la servitus_fw-la occur_v rustâ—canâ—_n in_o a_o charter_n of_o walâ—heâ—â—nus_n maminoâ—_n grant_v the_o â—â—thery_a of_o bertrey_n to_o the_o church_n of_o rochester_n quod_fw-la si_fw-la aliquid_fw-la de_fw-fr prâ—dicto_fw-la dominio_fw-la in_o rusticanam_fw-la servitutem_fw-la translatum_fw-la est_fw-la etc._n etc._n as_o it_o be_v in_o mr._n selden'_v history_n of_o tithe_n cap._n 11._o pag._n 313_o as_o for_o the_o original_n of_o socage_n there_o 1._o be_v that_o refer_v we_o for_o the_o find_n of_o it_o to_o a_o notable_a passage_n in_o gâ—rvasius_n tilburiensis_n his_o book_n entitle_v dialogus_fw-la soâ—ccarii_fw-la who_o live_v and_o write_v in_o hen._n 2._o day_n which_o to_o bring_v the_o reader_n better_o acquaint_v with_o the_o state_n of_o affair_n in_o the_o disposal_n of_o our_o countrymen_n freehold_n in_o those_o elder_a time_n when_o as_o the_o english_a state_n be_v new_o mould_v i_o here_o offer_v to_o his_o view_n post_fw-la conquisitionem_fw-la etc._n etc._n i._n after_o the_o conqueror_n conquest_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o the_o deserve_a subversion_n of_o the_o rebel_n when_o the_o king_n himself_o with_o his_o noble_n survey_v his_o new_a country_n a_o diligent_a inquiry_n be_v make_v who_o they_o be_v which_o take_v part_n in_o the_o war_n agaist_fw-mi the_o king_n have_v save_v themselves_o by_o flight_n to_o all_o these_o like_v as_o to_o the_o heir_n of_o such_o as_o have_v fall_v in_o the_o war_n all_o hope_n of_o any_o land_n ferm_n possession_n and_o revenue_n rent_n which_o former_o they_o enjoy_v be_v cut_v off_o for_o they_o account_v it_o no_o small_a favour_n to_o escape_v with_o life_n under_o enemy_n but_o those_o who_o when_o summon_v come_v not_o to_o the_o war_n or_o be_v occupy_v in_o household_n or_o other_o necessary_a affair_n be_v absent_a when_o in_o process_n of_o time_n by_o their_o constant_a observance_n serviceablenesse_n they_o have_v ingratiate_v themselves_o with_o their_o lord_n without_o hope_n of_o succession_n their_o child_n only_o and_o that_o but_o at_o the_o lord_n will_v begin_v to_o possess_v afterward_o when_o become_v odious_a to_o their_o lord_n they_o be_v every_o where_o expel_v their_o possession_n nor_o be_v there_o any_o that_o will_v restore_v what_o be_v take_v away_o a_o common_a complaint_n of_o the_o native_n come_v to_o the_o king_n that_o be_v thus_o hate_v of_o all_o and_o bereave_v of_o their_o estate_n they_o shall_v be_v enforce_v to_o betake_v themselves_o to_o foreign_a part_n at_o length_n after_o consultation_n upon_o these_o matter_n it_o be_v decree_v that_o what_o by_o their_o deserve_n and_o upon_o a_o lawful_a agreement_n they_o can_v obtain_v of_o their_o lord_n shall_v be_v their_o own_o by_o inviolable_a right_n but_o they_o shall_v challenge_v nothing_o to_o themselves_o way_n by_o name_n of_o descent_n succession_n from_o the_o time_n of_o the_o nation_n subdue_a which_o thing_n true_o how_o discreet_o it_o be_v consider_v of_o be_v manifest_a especial_o when_o as_o thus_o by_o all_o mean_n for_o their_o own_o good_a they_o be_v bind_v from_o thenceforth_o to_o apply_v themselves_o by_o constant_a observance_n serviceablenesse_n to_o purchase_v their_o lord_n favour_n insomuch_o as_o who_o of_o the_o conquer_a people_n possess_v land_n or_o such_o like_a obtain_v they_o not_o as_o seem_v to_o be_v due_a by_o right_n of_o succession_n but_o in_o recompense_n of_o his_o deserve_n or_o by_o some_o intervening_a agreement_n hence_o we_o see_v how_o precarious_o matter_n stand_v with_o the_o generality_n of_o our_o poor_a country_n man_n in_o point_n of_o estate_n in_o those_o day_n and_o with_o what_o observance_n and_o obsequious_a respect_n they_o be_v fain_o to_o carry_v themselves_o towards_o their_o conquer_a disseisor_n to_o purchase_v many_o time_n but_o a_o modicum_fw-la of_o what_o have_v late_o be_v their_o own_o and_o when_o they_o have_v it_o see_v withal_o upon_o what_o kittle_a rotter_a uncertain_a term_n they_o hold_v 38â—_n it_o the_o relation_n come_v from_o a_o very_a good_a hand_n and_o be_v so_o authentic_a as_o for_o aught_o i_o know_v it_o may_v be_v credit_v for_o itself_o but_o if_o any_o man_n expect_v further_a confirmation_n i_o suppose_v it_o may_v be_v find_v in_o bracton_n lib_n 1._o cap._n 11._o num_fw-la 1._o where_o he_o have_v this_o passage_n and_o be_v in_o part_n second_v in_o it_o by_o fleta_n lib._n 1._o cap._n 8._o fuerunt_fw-la etiam_fw-la say_v he_o in_o conquestu_fw-la liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la qui_fw-la liberè_fw-la tenuerunt_fw-la tenementa_fw-la sua_fw-la per_fw-la libera_fw-la servitia_fw-la vel_fw-la per_fw-la liberas_fw-la consuetudines_fw-la &_o cum_fw-la per_fw-la potentiores_fw-la ejecti_fw-la essent_fw-la postmodum_fw-la reversi_fw-la receperunt_fw-la eadem_fw-la tenementa_fw-la sua_fw-la tenenda_fw-la in_o villenagio_fw-it etc._n etc._n the_o same_o b._n author_n fol._n â—6_n and_o elsewhere_o tell_v we_o of_o a_o sort_n of_o tenant_n ad_fw-la similitudinem_fw-la villanorum_fw-la sockmannorum_fw-la per_fw-la conventionem_fw-la de_fw-la gratiâ_fw-la dominorum_fw-la licet_fw-la hoc_fw-la esset_fw-la ab_fw-la initio_fw-la villenagium_fw-la etc._n etc._n a_o passage_n if_o not_o totidem_fw-la verbis_fw-la yet_o in_o substance_n often_o repeat_v of_o he_o in_o my_o judgement_n intimate_v thereby_o that_o practice_n of_o the_o tenant_n curry_v favour_n and_o comply_v with_o their_o lord_n whereof_o in_o tilburiensis_n and_o their_o obtain_n thereby_o to_o better_v their_o estate_n and_o by_o degree_n to_o creep_v out_o of_o villeinage_n into_o a_o kind_n of_o socage_n a_o tenure_n thus_o grow_v to_o that_o latitude_n and_o so_o comprehensive_a as_o it_o help_v to_o make_v that_o dichotomy_n into_o which_o all_o the_o kingdom_n land_n in_o the_o hand_n of_o common_a person_n in_o point_n of_o tenure_n be_v resolve_v chivalry_n be_v the_o other_o now_o be_v of_o such_o note_n a_o little_o further_a enquiry_n after_o the_o antiquity_n of_o the_o thing_n and_o etymology_n of_o the_o name_n to_o clear_v the_o truth_n in_o both_o will_v not_o do_v amiss_o as_o i_o conceive_v in_o this_o discourse_n of_o tenor_n by_o the_o common_a and_o receive_a opinion_n of_o our_o lawyer_n derive_v derive_v i_o suppose_v and_o first_o suck_v from_o that_o great_a ornament_n of_o their_o profession_n b._n bracton_n the_o term_n be_v say_v to_o come_v to_o use_v the_o author_n own_o word_n à _fw-la socko_n &_o inâ—e_a tenentes_fw-la quitenent_fw-la in_o sockagiâ—_n sockmanni_n dici_fw-la poterant_fw-la â—o_o quod_fw-la deputati_fw-la sunt_fw-la ut_fw-la videtur_fw-la tantummodò_fw-la ad_fw-la culturam_fw-la etc._n etc._n this_o of_o bracton_n be_v strong_o back_v by_o littleton_n in_o his_o book_n of_o tenor_n where_o treat_v of_o socage_n he_o say_v that_o the_o reason_n why_o such_o tenure_n be_v call_v and_o have_v the_o name_n of_o tenure_n in_o socage_n be_v this_o because_o say_v he_o socagium_fw-la idem_fw-la est_fw-la quod_fw-la servitium_fw-la socae_fw-la &_o soca_fw-la idem_fw-la est_fw-la quod_fw-la caruca_fw-la etc._n etc._n a_o soak_v or_o a_o plough_n in_o ancient_a time_n for_o so_o he_o add_v for_o further_a confirmation_n before_o the_o limitation_n of_o time_n of_o memory_n a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o tenant_n which_o hold_v of_o their_o lord_n by_o socage_n aught_o to_o come_v with_o their_o plough_n every_o of_o the_o say_a tenant_n for_o certain_a day_n in_o the_o year_n to_o plough_v and_o sow_v the_o demesne_n of_o the_o lord_n and_o for_o that_o such_o work_n be_v do_v for_o the_o livelihood_n and_o sustenance_n of_o their_o lord_n they_o be_v quit_v against_o their_o lord_n of_o all_o manner_n of_o service_n etc._n etc._n and_o because_o that_o such_o service_n be_v do_v with_o their_o plough_n this_o tenure_n be_v call_v tenure_n in_o socage_n etc._n etc._n thus_o littleton_n follow_v by_o the_o generality_n of_o our_o common_a lawyer_n and_o other_o since_o not_o without_o a_o kind_n of_o popular_a error_n as_o under_o favour_n i_o conceive_v and_o with_o
part_n of_o the_o land_n and_o the_o three_o part_n of_o all_o the_o residue_n of_o the_o land_n be_v gavelkind_a do_v escheat_n to_o the_o king_n for_o want_v of_o heir_n which_o land_n be_v ever_o since_o enjoy_v under_o the_o king_n title_n by_o escheat_n and_o john_n wall_n upon_o a_o trial_n recover_v against_o white_a the_o devisee_fw-mi whereby_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o gavelkind_a land_n in_o kent_n be_v never_o deviseable_a by_o custom_n and_o so_o it_o be_v agree_v per_fw-la curiam_fw-la pasch_fw-mi 37._o el._n in_o c._n b._n in_o halton_n and_o starthop_n case_n upon_o evidence_n to_o a_o jury_n of_o kent_n &_o it_o be_v then_o say_v that_o it_o have_v be_v so_o resolve_v before_o and_o there_o it_o be_v say_v per_fw-la curiam_fw-la that_o fitz._n nat._n brev._n 198._o l._n be_v to_o be_v understand_v where_o there_o be_v a_o special_a custom_n that_o the_o land_n be_v deviseable_a etc._n etc._n and_o he_o that_o shall_v conclude_v upon_o that_o place_n of_o fitz_n nat._n brev._n 198._o l._n that_o all_o gavelkind_a land_n be_v deviseable_a etc._n etc._n may_v as_o well_o conclude_v that_o all_o land_n in_o every_o city_n and_o burrow_n in_o england_n be_v deviseable_a which_o be_v not_o so_o as_o appear_z by_o mr._n littleton_n who_o say_v that_o in_o some_o burrough_n by_o custom_n a_o man_n may_v devise_v his_o land_n etc._n etc._n and_o if_o gavelkind_a land_n be_v deviseable_a by_o custom_n etc._n etc._n then_o a_o man_n may_v devise_v they_o by_o word_n without_o writing_n as_o it_o be_v agree_v in_o 34._o h._n 8._o dyer_n 53._o for_o a_o man_n may_v devise_v his_o good_n and_o chattel_n by_o a_o will_v nuncupative_a so_o may_v he_o likewise_o devise_v his_o land_n deviseable_a by_o custom_n because_o they_o be_v esteem_v but_o tanquam_fw-la catalla_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o it_o will_v be_v a_o mischievous_a thing_n if_o all_o the_o gavelkind_n in_o kent_n shall_v be_v deviseable_a by_o word_n only_o to_o these_o argument_n and_o objection_n against_o the_o custom_n certain_a answer_n and_o exception_n by_o the_o learned_a counsel_n of_o the_o adverse_a party_n have_v be_v frame_v and_o return_v in_o behalf_n thereof_o reducible_a to_o three_o head_n which_o to_o avoid_v all_o just_a suspicion_n of_o partiality_n and_o prejudice_n wherewith_o some_o zealous_a advocate_n and_o contender_n for_o the_o custom_n have_v be_v and_o may_v again_o be_v ready_a to_o asperse_v i_o i_o shall_v here_o subjoin_v together_o with_o such_o answer_n and_o argument_n by_o way_n of_o reply_n as_o i_o have_v receive_v from_o the_o learned_a counsel_n of_o the_o other_o side_n in_o further_a and_o full_a refutation_n of_o they_o who_o endeavour_n to_o uphold_v the_o custom_n the_o learned_a counsel_n argument_n in_o behalf_n of_o the_o custom_n first_o they_o deny_v the_o old_a book_n of_o 4._o edw._n 2._o fitzh_n mortdancester_n 39_o â—o_o be_v lâ—w._n but_o a_o assize_n of_o mortdancester_n lie_v of_o land_n deviseable_a if_o it_o be_v true_a that_o his_o ancestor_n die_v seize_v unless_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o defendaut_n claim_v by_o some_o other_o title_n but_o if_o the_o defendant_n plead_v that_o the_o land_n be_v by_o custom_n deviseable_a and_o be_v devise_v unto_o he_o it_o be_v a_o good_a bar_n of_o the_o action_n second_o they_o rely_v much_o upon_o the_o book_n of_o fitzherb_n natura_fw-la brevium_fw-la fol._n 198._o which_o say_v that_o a_o writ_n of_o exit_fw-la gravi_fw-la querela_fw-la lie_v where_o a_o man_n be_v seize_v of_o land_n or_o tenement_n in_o any_o city_n or_o burrow_n or_o in_o gavelkynd_n which_o land_n be_v deviseable_a by_o will_n time_n out_o of_o mind_n etc._n etc._n whence_o they_o infer_v that_o all_o gavelkynd-land_n be_v deviseable_a by_o custom_n three_o they_o cite_v the_o treatise_n call_v consuetudines_fw-la cantiae_fw-la in_o the_o book_n call_v old_a magna_fw-la charta_fw-la and_o lambards_n perambulation_n of_o kent_n fol._n 198._o that_o land_n in_o gavelkynd_n may_v be_v give_v or_o sell_v without_o the_o lord_n licence_n and_o they_o interpret_v the_o word_n give_v to_o be_v by_o will_n and_o the_o word_n grant_v to_o be_v by_o deed_n the_o reply_n to_o the_o foregoing_a argument_n by_o such_o as_o stand_v in_o opposition_n to_o the_o custom_n as_o to_o the_o first_o objection_n against_o the_o argument_n take_v from_o the_o assize_n of_o mortdancester_n they_o reply_v thus_o first_o they_o maintain_v that_o the_o custom_n alone_o without_o a_o actual_a devise_n be_v pleadable_a in_o abatement_n to_o a_o assize_n of_o mortdancester_n as_o well_o as_o the_o custom_n with_o a_o actual_a devise_n be_v pleadable_a in_o bar_n for_o which_o there_o be_v not_o only_o that_o book_n of_o 4._o edw._n 2._o but_o also_o bracton_n lib._n 1._o fol._n 272._o ubi_fw-la non_fw-la iaceo_fw-la assisa_fw-la mortis_fw-la antecessoris_fw-la among_o his_o plea_n in_o abatement_n of_o the_o writ_n have_v before_o treat_v of_o plea_n in_o bar_n to_o it_o cadit_fw-la assisa_n say_v he_o propter_fw-la consuetudinem_fw-la loci_fw-la ut_fw-la in_o civitatibus_fw-la burgis_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o 22._o assis_n pl._n 78._o where_o upon_o the_o like_a plea_n the_o writ_n be_v abate_v and_o fitzherb_n nat._n brev._n fol._n 196._o i._o who_o authority_n they_o think_v strange_a to_o be_v deny_v in_o a_o matter_n of_o law_n wherein_o he_o be_v a_o judge_n and_o yet_o so_o strong_o rell_v on_o in_o a_o matter_n of_o fact_n and_o custom_n in_o a_o place_n whereto_o he_o be_v a_o stranger_n and_o so_o be_v it_o practise_v and_o allow_v in_o itin._n johan_n de_fw-fr stanton_n 6._o edw._n 2._o and_o the_o reason_n give_v by_o the_o book_n why_o such_o a_o custom_n be_v pleadable_a in_o abatement_n to_o this_o writ_n be_v because_o the_o suggestion_n of_o the_o writ_n may_v be_v true_a that_o the_o ancestor_n die_v seize_v etc._n etc._n and_o yet_o the_o heir_n have_v no_o title_n where_o the_o land_n be_v deviseable_a and_o it_o be_v the_o property_n of_o this_o writ_n that_o the_o die_v seize_v must_v be_v traverse_v and_o though_o the_o tenant_n plead_v the_o feoffment_n of_o the_o ancestor_n or_o other_o matter_n in_o bar_n that_o be_v not_o matter_n of_o estoppell_n to_o the_o heir_n as_o a_o fine_a recovery_n &c_n &c_n yet_o must_v he_o traverse_v the_o die_v seize_v and_o the_o jury_n shall_v be_v summon_v and_o charge_v to_o inquire_v if_o the_o ancestor_n thy_fw-mi quo_fw-la obiit_fw-la seisitus_fw-la fuit_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o so_o be_v the_o book_n of_o 9_o assis_n pl._n 22._o 27._o hen._n 8._o 12._o brooke_n mortdancestor_n 1._o old_a nat._n brev._n fol._n 117._o and_o diverse_a other_o nor_o be_v there_o any_o opinion_n to_o be_v find_v in_o any_o book_n of_o law_n against_o that_o book_n of_o fitzherb_n mortdancestor_n 39_o until_o the_o 15_o of_o king_n charles_n launder_v and_o brook_n case_n crook_n lib._n 1._o fol._n 405._o obiter_fw-la upon_o the_o trial_n of_o this_o custom_n 2._o admit_v that_o at_o this_o day_n the_o law_n be_v hold_v to_o be_v otherwise_o yet_o it_o appear_v by_o all_o the_o authority_n aforesaid_a that_o in_o those_o time_n the_o law_n be_v take_v to_o be_v that_o the_o mortdancestor_n do_v not_o lie_v where_o there_o be_v such_o a_o custom_n but_o it_o be_v a_o good_a plea_n in_o abatement_n of_o the_o writ_n and_o yet_o assize_n of_o mortdancestor_n be_v then_o frequent_o bring_v and_o maintain_v of_o land_n in_o kent_n as_o appear_v by_o bracton_n and_o the_o book_n abovesaid_a 3._o whether_o the_o custom_n alone_o be_v pleadable_a in_o abatement_n or_o the_o custom_n with_o a_o actual_a devise_n be_v to_o be_v plead_v in_o bar_n they_o say_v it_o can_v be_v show_v if_o it_o can_v they_o challenge_v they_o to_o do_v it_o who_o will_v maintain_v the_o custom_n that_o it_o be_v ever_o plead_v one_o way_n or_o other_o either_o in_o abatement_n or_o in_o bar_n to_o any_o one_o of_o all_o that_o multitude_n of_o assize_n of_o mortdancestor_n bring_v at_o large_a in_o that_o county_n when_o in_o so_o small_a a_o city_n and_o county_n as_o canterbury_n where_o indeed_o there_o be_v such_o a_o custom_n they_o show_v it_o often_o plead_v to_o writ_n of_o mortdancestor_n bring_v there_o before_o roger_n de_fw-fr stanton_n and_o other_o justice_n in_o eyre_n second_o to_o the_o book_n of_o fitzherb_n nat._n brev._n fol._n 198._o upon_o the_o writ_n of_o exit_fw-la gravi_fw-la querela_fw-la from_o whence_o the_o ground_n of_o this_o question_n spring_v they_o answer_v that_o the_o sense_n and_o meaning_n of_o that_o book_n no_o less_o than_o the_o grammar_n of_o it_o due_o observe_v be_v no_o more_o then_o that_o the_o write_v of_o exit_fw-la gravi_fw-la querela_fw-la lie_v there_o where_o land_n in_o any_o city_n or_o town_n or_o in_o gavelkynd_n be_v deviseable_a by_o custom_n not_o that_o all_o land_n in_o city_n and_o burrough_n and_o in_o gavelkynd_n be_v
deviseable_a by_o custom_n so_o that_o the_o mistake_n arise_v by_o make_v that_o a_o categorical_a which_o be_v but_o a_o hypothetical_a proprosition_n and_o serve_v rather_o to_o ground_v a_o argument_n against_o the_o custom_n for_o if_o the_o writ_n of_o exit_fw-la gravi_fw-la querela_fw-la do_v lie_v there_o where_o there_o be_v such_o a_o custom_n then_o à _fw-la contrariis_fw-la it_o may_v well_o be_v argue_v that_o where_o a_o writ_n do_v not_o lie_v there_o be_v no_o such_o custom_n and_o it_o can_v be_v say_v to_o lie_v there_o for_o fitzherbert_n speak_v of_o place_n where_o it_o be_v never_o bring_v they_o say_v further_o that_o this_o writ_n of_o exit_fw-la gravi_fw-la querela_fw-la be_v a_o form_v write_v in_o the_o register_n appoint_v by_o law_n as_o the_o proper_a remedy_n of_o the_o devisee_fw-mi where_o such_o a_o custom_n be_v and_o that_o therefore_o it_o have_v be_v require_v by_o the_o judge_n as_o a_o necessary_a proof_n of_o such_o a_o custom_n that_o it_o be_v show_v that_o this_o writ_n have_v be_v use_v to_o be_v bring_v there_o where_o such_o a_o custom_n be_v allege_v to_o be_v 40._o assis_n pl._n 41._o and_o the_o opinion_n of_o knivet_n 39_o assis_n brooke_n devise_v 43._o in_o like_a manner_n as_o to_o prove_v a_o custom_n of_o intail_v copy-hold-land_n it_o must_v be_v show_v that_o plaint_n in_o the_o nature_n of_o formedon_n have_v use_v to_o be_v enter_v heydon_n case_n in_o the_o three_o report_n but_o they_o say_v that_o for_o proof_n of_o this_o custom_n in_o kent_n there_o be_v not_o only_o of_o 14._o in_o the_o register_n which_o all_o conclude_v secundùm_fw-la consuetudinem_fw-la burgi_n or_o civitatis_fw-la not_o one_o precedent_a of_o any_o such_o writ_n for_o kent_n but_o that_o it_o can_v be_v show_v that_o ever_o any_o writ_n of_o exit_fw-la gravi_fw-la querela_fw-la be_v bring_v for_o any_o land_n in_o the_o county_n at_o large_a out_o of_o some_o city_n or_o town_n and_o it_o be_v a_o question_n to_o who_o such_o writ_n at_o large_a shall_v be_v direct_v there_o be_v no_o form_n at_o all_o in_o the_o register_n of_o the_o direction_n of_o any_o such_o writ_n at_o large_a the_o form_n there_o to_o a_o city_n or_o burrough_n be_v either_o majori_fw-la civitatis_fw-la or_o burgi_n etc._n etc._n they_o say_v it_o can_v not_o be_v but_o that_o question_n must_v have_v arisen_a if_o not_o of_o the_o custom_n whether_o a_o will_n or_o no_o will_n for_o the_o trial_n of_o which_o there_o be_v scarce_o any_o other_o course_n at_o least_o none_o more_o ready_a before_o the_o course_n of_o ejectment_n grow_v to_o be_v the_o practice_n then_o either_o for_o the_o devisee_fw-mi to_o bring_v this_o writ_n of_o exit_fw-la gravi_fw-la querela_fw-la against_o the_o heir_n be_v in_o possession_n or_o for_o the_o heir_n be_v oust_v by_o colour_n of_o a_o will_v to_o bring_v his_o mortdancestor_n and_o therefore_o they_o think_v it_o not_o credible_a that_o if_o such_o a_o custom_n be_v and_o so_o extensive_a as_o to_o the_o whole_a county_n of_o kent_n there_o shall_v be_v no_o record_n if_o there_o be_v they_o again_o challenge_v the_o other_o side_n to_o show_v it_o whether_o any_o devisee_v either_o bring_v this_o writ_n or_o plead_v this_o custom_n and_o plead_v it_o must_v be_v as_o themselves_o acknowledge_v and_o be_v resolve_v in_o launder_v and_o brook_n case_n for_o any_o land_n within_o the_o county_n of_o kent_n out_o of_o some_o city_n or_o burrow_n when_o as_o they_o be_v confident_a to_o say_v that_o there_o be_v not_o any_o custom_n use_v in_o kent_n and_o that_o extend_v through_o the_o whole_a county_n but_o record_n may_v be_v show_v where_o it_o have_v at_o some_o time_n be_v judicial_o plead_v and_o allow_v they_o add_v that_o custom_n be_v special_a law_n be_v suit_v to_o the_o place_n where_o they_o be_v use_v and_o that_o this_o be_v a_o custom_n very_o proper_a and_o suitable_a in_o city_n and_o burrough_n among_o merchant_n and_o tradesman_n that_o they_o may_v dispose_v of_o their_o house_n together_o with_o their_o personal_a estate_n and_o that_o the_o plead_n of_o this_o custom_n in_o all_o writ_n and_o record_n be_v that_o they_o be_v legabilia_fw-la tanquam_fw-la bona_fw-la &_o catalla_fw-la and_o therefore_o by_o the_o book_n of_o 40._o assis_n pl._n 41._o and_o coke_n 1_o instit_n 110._o it_o be_v hold_v that_o this_o custom_n can_v be_v allege_v in_o any_o upland_n town_n then_o how_o improper_a be_v it_o that_o all_o the_o estate_n in_o so_o great_a a_o county_n shall_v be_v of_o no_o other_o nature_n in_o this_o respect_n than_o good_n and_o chattel_n and_o liable_a to_o be_v dispose_v and_o carry_v away_o by_o word_n catch_v from_o die_a man_n which_o they_o say_v may_v serve_v too_o for_o a_o argument_n against_o the_o pretend_a benefit_n and_o utility_n of_o this_o custom_n especial_o when_o the_o multitude_n of_o controversy_n arise_v upon_o will_n have_v make_v it_o a_o question_n whether_o it_o have_v not_o be_v better_o the_o statute_n of_o 32._o and_o 34._o hen._n 8._o of_o will_n have_v never_o be_v make_v and_o therefore_o they_o say_v that_o in_o wyld_n case_n in_o the_o 6_o report_n which_o be_v resolve_v by_o all_o the_o judge_n of_o england_n it_o be_v say_v express_o and_o no_o doubt_n upon_o good_a consideration_n that_o at_o the_o common_a law_n land_n be_v not_o deviseable_a but_o by_o custom_n only_o in_o city_n and_o burrough_n house_n and_o such_o small_a thing_n and_o in_o matthew_n menes_n case_n in_o the_o 9th_o report_n where_o the_o will_n be_v of_o gavelkind-land_n in_o kent_n and_o a_o house_n hold_v in_o capite_fw-la it_o be_v all_o along_o hold_v that_o the_o will_v there_o be_v enable_v by_o the_o statute_n and_o put_v a_o case_n of_o land_n in_o london_n deviseable_a by_o custom_n as_o a_o strong_a case_n which_o certain_o it_o be_v not_o if_o land_n in_o kent_n be_v so_o deviseable_a the_o three_o objection_n from_o the_o word_n donor_n on_o vender_n they_o say_v deserve_v no_o answer_n more_o than_o this_o that_o the_o same_o word_n be_v use_v that_o the_o infant_n may_v donor_n or_o vender_n give_v or_o sell_v his_o estate_n at_o the_o age_n of_o fifteen_o and_o that_o no_o man_n will_v say_v that_o he_o may_v at_o that_o age_n make_v a_o will_n thus_o have_v you_o the_o learned_a counsel_n argument_n faithful_o exhibit_v both_o for_o and_o against_o the_o custom_n of_o devise_v gavelkynd-land_n in_o kent_n before_o the_o statute_n of_o 32._o and_o 34._o hen._n 8._o concern_v the_o devise_v of_o land_n by_o will_n tread_v as_o i_o say_v in_o the_o step_n of_o those_o who_o oppose_v the_o custom_n give_v i_o leave_v by_o the_o way_n of_o corollary_n to_o add_v somewhat_o haply_o not_o improper_a to_o be_v hint_v and_o insist_v on_o in_o this_o argument_n beside_o then_o the_o repugnancy_n in_o this_o custom_n to_o the_o common_a opinion_n both_o of_o ancient_a and_o modern_a possunt_fw-la lawyer_n it_o fight_v with_o the_o very_a nature_n of_o fee_n comprehend_v at_o least_o with_o we_o gavelkind_n as_o hold_v by_o the_o tenant_n in_o dominico_n svo_fw-la ut_fw-la â—e_v feodo_n which_o though_o fee_n be_v with_o we_o as_o in_o france_n &_o elsewhere_o become_v 19_o patrimonial_a &_o so_o alienable_a by_o gift_n or_o sale_n follow_v with_o scisin_n in_o the_o alienator_n life-time_n yet_o by_o the_o seudal_a 70._o law_n be_v indisposeable_a by_o will_n several_a reason_n whereof_o be_v find_v render_v by_o the_o feud_n feudist_n and_o it_o be_v inconsistent_a &_o at_o variance_n with_o the_o common_a opinion_n of_o lawyer_n both_o at_o home_n and_o abroad_o so_o withal_o and_o above_o all_o it_o make_v gavelkynd_n degenerate_a from_o itself_o and_o its_o first_o original_n which_o our_o gaveletum_n lawyer_n and_o antiquary_n by_o a_o unanimous_a vote_n refer_v to_o the_o german_n vouch_v for_o it_o that_o among_o other_o of_o their_o custom_n publish_v by_o tacitus_n haeredes_fw-la successoresque_fw-la svi_fw-la cuique_fw-la liberi_fw-la &_o nullum_fw-la testamentum_fw-la a_o passage_n or_o authority_n equal_o insist_v on_o by_o the_o feudist_n to_o warrant_v their_o abide_v nullâ_fw-la ordinatione_fw-la defuncti_fw-la in_o fendo_fw-la manente_fw-la vel_fw-la valente_fw-la prohibit_v the_o disposal_n of_o fee_n by_o will_n and_o of_o our_o municipal_a lawyer_n and_o other_o as_o for_o the_o like_a so_o withal_o to_o illustrate_v the_o original_n of_o our_o supra_fw-la gavelkind_n but_o that_o which_o in_o this_o case_n as_o to_o matter_n of_o fact_n very_o much_o if_o not_o most_o of_o all_o work_v with_o i_o what_o it_o may_v with_o other_o i_o know_v not_o and_o induce_v i_o to_o a_o utter_a disbelief_n and_o rejection_n of_o this_o custom_n be_v certain_a passage_n &_o clause_n in_o several_a will_n extant_a &_o to_o be_v find_v in_o our_o register_n at_o canterbury_n and_o
1647._o ja._n armachanus_fw-la a_o table_n or_o index_n of_o the_o principal_a content_n a._n aehte_v what_o p._n 84_o agium_fw-la in_o the_o termination_n of_o word_n what_o signify_v p._n 137_o akerland_n what_o p._n 117_o allodiarii_n p._n 123_o allodium_fw-la the_o same_o with_o bocland_n p._n 88_o 110._o the_o word_n derive_v p._n 105._o more_o proper_o in_o england_n since_o the_o conquest_n p._n 126._o proper_a only_a to_o the_o king_n to_o grant_v p._n 126_o almesland_n what_o p._n 119_o assize_n of_o mortdancester_n where_o it_o lie_v p._n 152_o 157_o averbred_n what_o p._n 25_o aver-land_n what_o p._n 116_o avermannus_n p._n 116_o b._n bedrip_a what_o p._n 17_o benebred_n what_o p._n 17_o beneficium_fw-la of_o same_o signification_n ancient_o that_o feudum_n of_o latter_a time_n p._n 10â—_o benerth_n what_o p._n 18_o benrip_a what_o p._n 17_o bere-gafol_a what_o p._n 29_o ber-land_n what_o p._n 118_o bermannus_n what_o p._n 118_o bians_n what_o p._n 18_o black-maile_n what_o p._n 34_o black-rent_n what_o p._n 34_o blank-ferme_a what_o p._n 34_o bocland_n what_o p._n 84._o whence_o so_o call_v p._n 112._o how_o various_o denominate_v p._n 121_o whether_o ancient_o deviseable_a p._n 89._o whether_o otherwise_o alienable_a p._n 87_o 88_o the_o same_o with_o allodium_fw-la p._n 8_o 110._o retain_v after_o the_o conquest_n p._n 120_o bordarii_n p._n 118_o bord-land_n what_o p._n 114_o 118_o bordmanni_n p._n 118_o burghyard_n what_o p._n 22_o 189_o bydel_n what_o and_o whence_o derive_v p._n 20_o c._n mr._n cambdens_n derivation_n of_o gavelkynd_n p._n 3_o carropera_fw-la p._n 24_o carucae_fw-la procariae_fw-la what_o p._n 18_o rogaâ—ae_fw-la p._n 19_o carucage_n what_o p._n 133_o charter_n diverse_a of_o those_o in_o ingulphus_n question_v and_o how_o far_o and_o why_o p._n 101_o chivalry_n and_o socage_n two_o tenor_n comprehend_v all_o the_o land_n in_o kent_n and_o elsewhere_o in_o england_n p._n 129_o cniht_n in_o the_o saxon_a language_n what_o p._n 7_o coke_n sir_n edward_n his_o derivation_n of_o gavelkynd_n p._n 3_o the_o conqueror_n progress_n &_o proceed_n after_o his_o victory_n near_o hastings_n p._n 69._o his_o charter_n of_o restitution_n of_o church-land_n p._n 68_o conquest_n the_o time_n about_o it_o very_o rapacious_a p_o 67_o contract_n of_o marriage_n a_o saxon_a form_n or_o model_n of_o it_o p._n 75_o 76_o coredy_a what_o p_o 19_o 20_o corne-gavel_a what_o p._n 16_o corporation_n ancient_o enfeoff_v with_o land_n in_o gavelkind_n p._n 8_o cotarii_fw-la what_o p._n 116._o their_o tenement_n change_v into_o gavelkind_n p._n 59_o cotland_n what_o p._n 116_o cotmani_n what_o ibid._n custom_n hardly_o leave_v p._n 5._o beginning_n within_o memory_n no_o custom_n ibid._n of_o gavelkynd_n a_o common_a law_n in_o kent_n p._n 44_o its_o essential_a property_n p._n 49._o how_o different_a from_o tenure_n p._n 144_o cyricena-socne_a what_o p._n 133_o d._n de_fw-fr rationabili_fw-la parte_fw-la bonorum_fw-la the_o writ_n so_o call_v whether_o lie_v at_o the_o common_a law_n or_o by_o custom_n p._n 78_o 91_o dome_n in_o the_o termination_n of_o word_n what_o signify_v 106_o dover_n castle_n the_o lock_n and_o key_n of_o all_o england_n p._n 70_o drench_n what_o p._n 124_o drincelean_n what_o p._n 29_o drofden_n what_o p._n 117_o drof-land_n what_o p._n 116_o drof-mannus_a what_o ibid._n dunland_n what_o p._n 117_o e._n error_n if_o settle_v difficult_a to_o remove_v p._n 62._o often_o cause_v for_o want_n of_o altercation_n ibid._n estate_n in_o england_n universal_o partible_a before_o the_o conquest_n and_o how_o p._n 77_o 78_o exit_fw-la gravi_fw-la querela_fw-la the_o writ_n so_o call_v where_o it_o lie_v 153_o 159_o f._n fald-socne_a what_o p._n 134_o fald-worth_n what_o ibid._n fee_fw-mi not_o alienable_a without_o the_o lord_n consent_n p._n 8._o whether_o ancient_o deviseable_a p._n 84_o natural_o not_o deviseable_a and_o why_o p._n 162_o fee_n whether_o any_o in_o england_n before_o the_o conquest_n p._n 103_o 111._o become_v patrimonial_a in_o many_o place_n p._n 162._o what_o in_o their_o original_n p._n 108._o how_o change_v afterward_o ibid._n female_n capable_a of_o succession_n in_o gavelkynd_n land_n p._n 7._o exclude_v from_o succession_n with_o male_n p._n 8_o feudastra_n what_o p._n 57_o feuduto_n novum_fw-la &_o antiquum_fw-la p._n 40_o feudum_n the_o word_n how_o ancient_a p._n 101_o 102._o derive_v p._n 104_o feud_n in_o deadly_a feud_n whence_o derive_v p._n 107_o fief_n de_fw-fr haubert_n and_o de_fw-fr roturier_n p._n 36_o filctale_a what_o p._n 30_o fildale_n what_o ibid._n fine_n for_o the_o enfranchise_n of_o land_n p._n 59_o fird-socne_a what_o p._n 174_o fodrum_n what_o p._n 25_o folcland_n the_o nature_n of_o it_o p._n 78_o see_v also_o p._n 114_o 126._o folgarii_n what_o p._n 115_o foot-average_a what_o 116_o forgable_a what_o 30_o forland_n what_o 118_o forsohoke_v 31_o fosterland_n what_o 119_o francus_n bancus_fw-la 51_o 178_o frankalmoigne_n p_o 40_o 142_o frankfee_n 56_o freehold_n whether_o ancient_o deviseable_a 84_o frithsocne_a what_o 133_o g._n gabella_n what_o p._n 13_o gablum_fw-la what_o p._n 13._o terram_fw-la ponâ—â—e_fw-la gablum_fw-la what_o 14_o gabulum_fw-la denariorum_fw-la 26_o gafel_n gafol_n gafnl_o gavel_n what_o signify_v 10_o gafolgylda_n 33_o gafol-hwitel_a â—6_n gaigneurs_n what_o 25_o gavel_n absurd_o render_v gifeeal_n in_o many_o compound_n 10_o gavelate_n what_o 31_o gavelbred_n what_o 25_o gavel-bord_n what_o 22_o gavel-corne_n what_o 16_o gaveldung_n what_o 21_o gavel-erth_a what_o 17_o gavelet_n what_o 31_o gavelfother_n what_o 25_o gavelikendey_n 33_o gavelkynd_n the_o word_n vulgar_a derivation_n propose_v pag._n 2._o scan_v p._n 6._o reject_v ibid._n a_o new_a etymon_n propose_v and_o assert_v p._n 10._o the_o custom_n so_o call_v a_o common_a law_n in_o kent_n p._n 44._o not_o causal_a of_o partition_n in_o land_n so_o call_v p._n 44._o what_o it_o comprehend_v p._n 48._o the_o tenure_n so_o call_v almost_o universal_a in_o kent_n p._n 44._o whether_o eo_fw-la nomine_fw-la obtain_v in_o wales_n p._n 53._o whether_o a_o tenure_n or_o a_o custom_n p._n 100_o prescription_n in_o it_o not_o good_a and_o why_o p._n 44_o whether_o socage_n and_o it_o synonimy_n p._n 55._o grant_n of_o land_n in_o gavelkynd_n p._n 38._o when_o cease_v p._n 51._o see_v more_o in_o partition_n villain_n gavelkynd_n land_n female_n capable_a of_o it_o p._n 7._o the_o nature_n of_o it_o in_o point_n of_o partition_n scan_v p._n 42._o no_o prescription_n good_a there_o and_o why_o p._n 46._o liable_a to_o work_n p._n 57_o whether_o deviseable_a in_o kent_n before_o the_o stat._n of_o will_n p._n 151._o descendible_a to_o collateral_a kindred_n p._n 7._o ancient_o convey_v to_o gild_v and_o corporation_n pag._n 8._o alienable_a from_o the_o proper_a heir_n p._n 9_o all_o partible_a land_n not_o call_v gavelkynd_n p._n 10._o gavelman_fw-mi p._n 33_o gavelmed_n what_o 20_o gavel-nohâ—_a what_o 25_o gavel-ote_a what_o 21_o gavel-reft_a what_o 22_o gavel-rip_a what_o 19_o gavelrod_n what_o 22_o gavels_a what_o 23_o gavelswine_n what_o 23_o gavel-timber_n what_o 22_o gavelwerk_a what_o 24_o gavelwood_n what_o 23_o ge_n how_o use_v with_o the_o saâ—ons_n p._n 38_o gecind_n misconstrued_n by_o mr._n lambard_n 37_o geneat_a what_o 14_o gersuma_n what_o 59_o grant_n of_o land_n in_o gavelkynd_n when_o cease_v 51_o h._n hade_n head_n hod_z hood_z etc._n etc._n in_o the_o termination_n of_o word_n what_o signify_v 106_o haereditament_n what_o 83_o hamsoâ—ne_n what_o 134_o hereslit_n what_o and_o whence_o derive_v 32_o hide_v land_n what_o 117_o hlaford-soâ—ne_a what_o 134_o horse-average_a what_o 116_o hodgepodge_n 91_o hunig-gavel_a what_o 28_o 1._o in-average_a what_o 116_o ingulfus_n charter_n many_o of_o they_o question_v and_o how_o far_o and_o why_o 101_o inheritance_n the_o word_n how_o accept_v in_o england_n 83_o 84._o inheritance_n in_o england_n universal_o partible_a before_o the_o conquest_n and_o how_o 77_o 78_o inland_n what_o 114_o 119_o k._n kent_n with_o other_o county_n conquer_v and_o overrun_v by_o will._n 1._o p._n 66._o servi_n there_o p._n 74._o also_o nativi_fw-la 75_o kind_a in_o dutch_a what_o and_o whence_o derive_v p._n 6_o 7_o knecht_n in_o dutch_a what_o 7_o knight_n service-land_n natural_o incapable_a of_o partition_n 48_o knyghren-gyld_a 135_o knight_n whether_o any_o here_o in_o england_n before_o the_o conquest_n 123_o kind_a in_o gavelkynd_n of_o what_o signification_n 37_o l._n mr._n lambard_n his_o twofold_a derivation_n of_o gavelkynd_n p._n 3._o whereof_o one_o reject_v the_o other_o admit_v p._n 5._o mistake_v in_o the_o construction_n of_o gecind_n 37_o land_n all_o in_o kent_n and_o throughout_o england_n either_o of_o chivalry_n or_o socage_n tenor_n p._n 38._o all_o in_o england_n either_o ancient_a demesne_n or_o frank_n fee_n p._n 57_o and_o subject_a to_o tenure_n 126._o descend_v not_o alienable_a of_o old_a without_o the_o heir_n consent_n 39_o purchase_v alienable_a at_o
pleasure_n ibid._n censual_a not_o censual_a 35._o how_o many_o several_a kind_n of_o land_n before_o the_o conquest_n 114._o as_o also_o since_o 115_o landagendman_n what_o 15_o landboc_a what_o 112_o land-gabel_a what_o 15_o land-gafol_a what_o ibid._n leaf-gavel_a what_o p._n 27_o lef-silver_n what_o ibid._n les-gavel_a what_o ibid._n les-gold_n and_o lesyeld_a what_o ibid._n liberum_fw-la feodum_fw-la what_o 56_o lyef-geld_a what_o 27_o m._n mailer_n what_o p._n 34_o mailman_n what_o ibid._n mail-payer_n what_o ibid._n mala_fw-la what_o ibid._n maltgavel_a what_o 27_o malt-peny_n what_o ibid._n malt-shot_a what_o ibid._n manopera_fw-la what_o 24_o mete-gavel_a what_o 31_o mirroir_n the_o book_n so_o call_v censure_v 104_o molland_n what_o 117_o molmannus_n what_o ibid._n monday-land_n what_o 120_o mortdancester_n the_o assize_n so_o call_v where_o it_o lie_v 152_o 157_o mortmain_n what_o 40._o the_o tenure_n of_o it_o double_a ibid._n n._n name_n to_o be_v suitable_a with_o thing_n very_o convenient_a 11_o nativi_fw-la in_o kent_n 75_o neatland_n what_o 114_o nider_v alias_o nthe_v a_o nickname_n of_o what_o signification_n &_o whence_o derive_v 65_o o._n oale-gavel_a what_o 24_o ordericus_n vitalis_n his_o relation_n of_o the_o conqueror_n proceed_n and_o progress_n after_o his_o victory_n near_o hastings_n p_o 71_o ordinary_a his_o power_n of_o distribute_v intestates_fw-la good_n here_o in_o england_n when_o beginning_n as_o also_o in_o scotland_n and_o normandy_n 79_o over-land_n what_o 119_o out-average_a what_o 116_o p._n parcener_n how_o many_o sort_n 42_o paroc_n what_o 23_o partition_n in_o gavelkynd_n land_n neither_o from_o the_o name_n nor_o nature_n of_o it_o only_o 44._o nor_o from_o prescription_n 46._o but_o partly_o from_o the_o nature_n of_o it_o and_o partly_o from_o custom_n and_o what_o 47._o the_o antiquity_n of_o it_o 61._o whether_o inherent_a in_o the_o land_n 247_o 150._o why_o more_o general_a in_o kent_n than_o elsewhere_o 52_o 61._o whether_o bring_v hither_o by_o odo_n out_o of_o normandy_n 61_o 81._o whether_o continue_v there_o by_o composition_n with_o the_o conqueror_n 62_o partition_n but_o one_o property_n or_o branch_n of_o gavelkynd_n 48_o 146._o out_o of_o kent_n whence_o obtain_v ibid._n &_o 54_o partition_n of_o good_n 79_o peny-gavel_a what_o 26_o some_o phrase_n in_o ingulphus_n ancient_a charter_n question_v p._n 101_o pictavensis_n his_o relation_n of_o the_o conqueror_n proceed_n and_o progress_n after_o his_o victory_n near_o hastings_n 69._o himself_n the_o conqueror_n chaplain_n and_o a_o eyewitness_n ib._n portfocâ—_n what_o 135_o 136_o portsoken_n what_o 135_o potura_fw-la what_o 29_o prescription_n not_o good_a in_o gavelkynd_n and_o why_o 44_o r._n rationabili_fw-la parte_fw-la bonorum_fw-la 78_o &_o 91_o redditus_fw-la albi_fw-la what_o 34._o nigri_fw-la what_o ib._n restitution_n a_o charter_n of_o it_o by_o the_o conqueror_n 68_o ripsilver_n what_o 19_o rochester_n castle_n besiege_v by_o will._n 2._o 64_o rodland_n what_o 117_o romney_n the_o conqueror_n passage_n by_o it_o in_o his_o march_n to_o dover_n 69_o s._n contract_n of_o marriage_n in_o saxon_a 75._o the_o edition_n of_o it_o correct_v 76._o several_a will_n in_o saxon_n 85_o scip_n ship_n in_o the_o termination_n of_o word_n what_o signify_v 106_o scotale_a what_o 29_o scrude-land_n what_o p._n 119_o seisin_n how_o deliver_v in_o the_o saxon_n time_n 112_o servi_n in_o kent_n 74_o servitus_fw-la rusticana_fw-la 127_o sextary-land_n what_o 119_o smithesland_n what_o 118_o soca_n socha_n soak_v sokne_v what_o 133_o 137_o socage_n free_a and_o base_a 55._o the_o derivation_n of_o the_o word_n and_o what_o it_o signify_v 129._o whether_o it_o and_o gavelkynd_n synonima_n 55._o its_o original_a 127._o opposite_a to_o villeinage_n 139_o socage-land_n and_o service_n so_o call_v elsewhere_o in_o kent_n term_v gavelkynd_n 49_o socagium_fw-la the_o distinction_n of_o it_o into_o liberum_fw-la and_o villanum_fw-la whence_o 141_o socmanni_n 137_o sokerevi_n 134_o sokmanry_n 137_o spelman_n sir_n henry_n his_o derivation_n of_o gavelkynd_n 3_o spot_n story_n of_o the_o kentishman_n encounter_n and_o composition_n with_o the_o conqueror_n exhibit_v question_v refute_v 63._o a_o mere_a monkish_a â—igment_n and_o why_o devise_v 71._o when_o he_o live_v 64._o his_o commixture_n of_o falsity_n 63_o stigand_n the_o archbishop_n depose_v for_o oppose_v the_o conqueror_n not_o warrant_v by_o ancient_a story_n 75_o sul-aelmesse_a what_o 132_o swilling-land_n what_o 117_o swine-gavel_a what_o 23_o swine-money_n what_o ib._n swine-paneges_a what_o ib._n swinhey_n what_o 190_o t._n tainland_n 121_o tenure_n all_o land_n in_o england_n subject_n to_o it_o 126._o how_o different_a from_o custom_n 144_o tenure_n 1_o by_o divine_a service_n 2_o in_o frankalmoigne_n 3_o in_o fee_n ferm_n 4_o by_o petite_fw-fr sergeanty_n 5_o by_z escuage_z certain_z 6_o in_o burgage_n all_o socage_n and_o whence_o 130_o 141_o tenure_n in_o mortmain_n twofold_a 40_o tenor_n in_o chivalry_n and_o socage_n all_o land_n both_o in_o kent_n and_o elsewhere_o throughout_o england_n reducible_a to_o one_o or_o tother_o of_o they_o 129_o tenor_n in_o gavelkynd_n new_o create_v 9_o what_o before_o the_o conquest_n 112_o terra_fw-la ad_fw-la gablum_fw-la posita_fw-la what_o 14_o terrae_fw-la censuales_fw-la what_o 36_o terra_fw-la haereditaria_fw-la 84._o libera_fw-la 58_o 84._o susanna_n 118._o testamentalis_fw-la 84_o 86._o unde_fw-la nemini_fw-la respondetur_fw-la 120_o thegenes_n 1â—3_n theine_n p._n 123_o threnge_n ibid._n tol-s_a what_o 24_o truth_n often_o lose_v by_o too_o much_o altercation_n 62_o twygavel_a what_o 28_o twysket_a what_o ibid._n v._o verstegan_n his_o derivation_n of_o gavelkynd_n 3_o villani_n in_o kent_n 73_o villeinage_n opposite_a to_o socage_n 139_o villain_fw-fr service_n when_o first_o cease_v so_o general_o in_o kent_n 58_o villain_fw-fr and_o villeinage_n in_o england_n in_o the_o saxon_n time_n 66._o in_o kent_n since_o the_o conquest_n 72._o and_o in_o gavelkynd_n land_n 73._o as_o also_o before_o the_o conquest_n 75_o vilienagium_fw-la privilegiatum_fw-la 141_o unlandagend_n what_o 1â—_n utland_n 114_o w._n wareland_n what_o 118_o weilreif_n what_o 65_o weregavel_a what_o 28_o werk-gavel_a what_o 26_o werkland_n 57_o white-rent_n what_o 34_o will_n in_o saxon_n 85_o wood-gavel_a what_o 26_o word_n in_o ingulphus_n more_o ancient_a charter_n a_o sort_n of_o they_o question_v 101_o work-land_n what_o 115_o the_o writ_n de_fw-fr rationabili_fw-la parte_fw-la bonorum_fw-la whether_o lie_v at_o the_o common_a law_n or_o by_o custom_n 78_o &_o 91_o the_o writ_n of_o exit_fw-la gravi_fw-la querela_fw-la where_o it_o lie_v 153_o 159_o young_a yokeland_n what_o 117_o finis_fw-la finis_fw-la nomina_fw-la si_fw-la nâ—scis_fw-la perit_fw-la &_o cognitio_fw-la rerum_fw-la isid_n oâ—ig_n l._n 1._o cap._n 7._o arist_n 1._o phys_n &_o 2._o metaphys_n idem_fw-la 2_o metaphys_n sir_n hen._n spelman_n in_o voce_fw-la gaveletum_n britannia_n in_o kent_n kent_n the_o english_a lawyer_n p._n 73._o 73._o interpreter_n in_o voce_fw-mi perambul_n p._n 528._o 528._o see_v the_o addition_n to_o dr._n casaubon_n treatise_n of_o use_n and_o custom_n custom_n see_v sir_n ed._n coke_n instit_n part_n 1._o fol._n 115._o a._n ff_o de_n reg._n jur._n l._n quod_fw-la ab_fw-la initio_fw-la initio_fw-la duarenus_n commenâ—_n in_o tit._n de_fw-fr pactis_fw-la p._n 49._o â—_o â—_o see_v kilianus_n diction_n verb._n knecht_n lamb._n peramb_v p._n 547._o vid._n dictionar_n nostr_n anglo-sax_n iâ—_n vocâ—_n vocâ—_n davies_n report_v le_fw-fr irish_a cust_n de_fw-fr gavelkind_n fol._n 49._o 49._o â—racton_n de_fw-fr acqâ—iren_n rer_n dominio_fw-la fol._n â—4_n a._n a._n de_fw-fr morib_n germanor_n germanor_n l._n inter_fw-la filios_fw-la l._n famil_n hercis_o l._n si_fw-la quis_fw-la à _fw-la liberis_fw-la â—f_n de_fw-fr lâ—b_n agnosâ—_n l._n si_fw-mi major_n in_o si_fw-la l._n communi_fw-la divid_fw-la divid_fw-la lib._n 1._o feud_n tit_n 6._o parag._n 2._o &_o ibi_fw-la hoâ—om_n hoâ—om_n li._n hen._n 1._o c._n 70._o glanvil_n li._n 7._o c._n 3._o bracton_n fol_n 65._o a._n a._n and_o another_o in_o the_o appendix_n scripture_n 9_o 9_o see_v vulteius_n de_fw-fr feud_n li._n 1._o c_o 8._o nu_fw-la 37._o p._n 341._o 341._o glanvil_n lib._n 7._o cap._n 1._o 1._o see_v the_o â—_o proposition_n proposition_n perambuâ—_n p._n 544_o 544_o anno_fw-la 18_o edw._n 1._o 1._o lib._n 3._o â—â—l_n 374._o a._n a._n conveniunt_fw-la rebus_fw-la nominâ—_n saepe_fw-la suis_fw-la suis_fw-la nominae_fw-la cum_fw-la re_fw-la consentiant_fw-la platâ—_n the_o sapient_a gafol_fw-mi what_o signify_v glossar_n verb._n gabellâ—_n gabellâ—_n peramb_v p._n 529._o 529._o instit_n p._n 1._o fol._n 142._o 2._o 2._o in_o archiv_n eccles_n cant._n cant._n fortè_fw-la heâ—eâ—_n contain_v four_o gallon_n so_o fleta_n lib._n 2._o cap._n 12._o 12._o coke_n instit_n p._n 2._o p._n 58._o 58._o spelm._n gloss_n in_o voce_fw-la voce_fw-la lamb._n archaion_n fol._n 45._o cap._n 2._o 2._o spelm._n gloss_n in_o voce_fw-la â—avel-â—orn_a corn-gavel_a cavel-erth_a cavel-erth_a in_o archiv_n archiep._n cant._n biaus_n benerth_n benerth_n et_fw-la omnes_fw-la tenentes_fw-la de_fw-la isto_fw-la jugo_fw-la