a_o answer_n to_o this_o quodlibetical_a question_n whether_o the_o bishop_n make_v a_o fundamental_a and_o essential_a part_n of_o the_o english_a parliament_n collect_v out_o of_o some_o memorial_n in_o a_o large_a treatise_n for_o the_o information_n of_o some_o the_o confirmation_n of_o other_o and_o the_o satisfaction_n of_o all_o de_fw-fr legib._n &_o â—onga_fw-la consuet_n si_fw-mi de_fw-fr interpretatione_n legis_fw-la quaeritur_fw-la imprimis_fw-la inspiciendum_fw-la est_fw-la pro_fw-la jure_fw-la civitas_fw-la retro_fw-la in_fw-la hujusmodi_fw-la casibus_fw-la usa_fw-la fuit_fw-la consuetudo_fw-la enim_fw-la optima_fw-la interpretatio_fw-la legis_fw-la est_fw-la london_n print_v for_o a._n seile_n over_o against_o st._n dunstan_n church_n in_o fleetstreet_n 1661._o a_o answer_n to_o this_o quodlibetical_a question_n viz._n whether_o the_o bishop_n be_v a_o fundamental_a and_o essential_a part_n of_o the_o english_a parliament_n whereas_o a_o great_a question_n have_v be_v raise_v of_o late_a and_o but_o late_o neither_o whether_o the_o bishop_n make_v a_o fundamental_a and_o essential_a part_n of_o the_o english_a parliament_n i_o hope_v to_o put_v it_o out_o of_o question_n by_o two_o sort_n of_o argument_n of_o which_o the_o one_o shall_v be_v de_fw-fr jure_fw-la and_o the_o other_o de_fw-fr facto_fw-la the_o one_o derive_v from_o that_o original_a right_n which_o be_v vest_v in_o they_o the_o other_o from_o the_o constant_a exercise_n and_o continual_a practice_n by_o which_o that_o right_a have_v be_v enjoy_v in_o all_o time_n forego_v and_o first_o we_o shall_v begin_v with_o the_o proof_n de_fw-fr jure_fw-la and_o therein_o first_o with_o that_o which_o do_v occur_v in_o the_o law_n of_o king_n athelston_n one_o of_o the_o first_o monarch_n of_o the_o english_a saxon_n among_o which_o there_o be_v a_o chapter_n it_o be_v chap._n 11._o entitle_v de_fw-fr officio_fw-la episcopi_fw-la &_o quid_fw-la pertinet_fw-la ad_fw-la officium_fw-la ejus_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v touch_v the_o office_n of_o a_o bishop_n and_o that_o which_o do_v of_o right_o belong_v unto_o it_o in_o which_o chapter_n it_o be_v thus_o declare_v viz._n episcopo_fw-la jure_fw-la pertinet_fw-la omnem_fw-la rectitudinem_fw-la promovere_fw-la dei_fw-la scilicet_fw-la &_o seculi_fw-la etc._n etc._n 402._o etc._n spelm._n counsel_n p._n 402._o &_o convenit_fw-la ut_fw-la per_fw-la consilium_fw-la &_o testimonium_fw-la ejus_fw-la omne_fw-la legis_fw-la scitum_fw-la &_o burgi_n mensura_fw-la &_o omne_fw-la pondus_fw-la sit_fw-la secundum_fw-la dictionem_fw-la ejus_fw-la institutum_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v it_o belong_v of_o right_n unto_o the_o bishop_n to_o promote_v justice_n in_o matter_n which_o concern_v both_o the_o church_n and_o state_n and_o unto_o he_o it_o appertain_v that_o by_o his_o counsel_n and_o award_n all_o law_n and_o weight_n and_o measure_n be_v ordain_v throughout_o the_o kingdom_n 2_o next_o we_o will_v have_v recourse_n to_o the_o old_a record_n entitle_v modus_fw-la tenendi_fw-la parliamentum_fw-la in_o which_o it_o be_v affirm_v ad_fw-la parliamentum_fw-la summoniri_fw-la &_o venire_fw-la debere_fw-la archiepiscopos_fw-la episcopos_fw-la abbates_n priores_fw-la &_o alios_fw-la majores_fw-la cleri_fw-la qui_fw-la tenent_fw-la per_fw-la comitatum_fw-la aut_fw-la baroniam_fw-la ratione_fw-la hujusmodi_fw-la tenurae_fw-la parliamentum_fw-la tenurae_fw-la modus_fw-la tenendi_fw-la parliamentum_fw-la that_o all_o the_o archbishop_n bishop_n abbat_n prior_n and_o other_o prelate_n of_o the_o church_n who_o hold_v their_o land_n either_o by_o a_o earl_n fee_fw-mi or_o a_o baron_n fee_n be_v to_o be_v summon_v and_o come_v to_o parliament_n in_o regard_n of_o their_o tenure_n 3_o next_o look_v we_o on_o the_o chartulary_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o first_o recognize_v in_o full_a parliament_n at_o clarendon_n under_o henry_n the_o second_o where_o they_o be_v call_v avitas_fw-la consuetudines_fw-la which_o declare_v it_o thus_o archiepiscopi_fw-la episcopi_fw-la &_o universae_fw-la personae_fw-la qui_fw-la de_fw-la rege_fw-la tenent_fw-la in_o capite_fw-la habeant_fw-la possessiones_fw-la svas_fw-la de_fw-la rege_fw-la sic_fw-la ut_fw-la baroniam_fw-la etc._n etc._n et_fw-la sicut_fw-la caeteri_fw-la barones_n debent_fw-la interest_n judicijs_fw-la curiae_fw-la regis_fw-la cum_fw-la baronibus_fw-la quosque_fw-la pervenierat_fw-la ad_fw-la dimmutionem_fw-la membrorum_fw-la vel_fw-la ad_fw-la mortem_fw-la 2._o mortem_fw-la math._n paris_n in_o hen._n 2._o the_o meaning_n be_v in_o brief_a that_o archbishop_n bishop_n and_o all_o other_o ecclesiastical_a person_n which_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la of_o the_o king_n be_v to_o have_v and_o hold_v their_o land_n in_o barony_n and_o that_o they_o ought_v as_o baron_n to_o be_v present_a in_o all_o judgement_n with_o the_o other_o baron_n in_o the_o court_n of_o parliament_n until_o the_o very_a sentence_n of_o death_n or_o mutilation_n which_o be_v very_o common_a in_o those_o time_n be_v to_o be_v pronounce_v and_o then_o they_o common_o do_v use_v to_o withdraw_v themselves_o not_o out_o of_o any_o incapacity_n suppose_v to_o be_v in_o they_o by_o the_o law_n of_o england_n but_o out_o of_o a_o restraint_n impose_v upon_o they_o by_o the_o canon_n of_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n 4_o in_o the_o great_a charter_n make_v by_o king_n john_n in_o the_o last_o of_o his_o reign_n we_o have_v the_o form_n of_o summon_v a_o parliament_n and_o call_v those_o together_o who_o have_v vote_n therein_o thus_o express_v at_o large_a and_o habendum_fw-la commune_v concilium_fw-la regni_fw-la de_fw-la auxilio_fw-la assidendo_fw-la etc._n etc._n et_fw-fr de_fw-fr scutagijs_fw-la assidendis_fw-la faciemus_fw-la summoneri_fw-la archiepiscopos_fw-la abbates_n comites_fw-la &_o majores_fw-la barones_n regni_fw-la sigillatim_fw-la per_fw-la litter_n as_o nostras_fw-la &_o preteria_fw-la summoneri_fw-la faciemus_fw-la in_o generali_fw-la per_fw-la vicecomites_a &_o ballivos_fw-la nostros_fw-la omnes_fw-la alios_fw-la qui_fw-la in_o capite_fw-la tenent_fw-la ad_fw-la certum_fw-la diem_fw-la scil_n ad_fw-la terminum_fw-la 40_o dierum_fw-la ad_fw-la minus_fw-la &_o ad_fw-la certum_fw-la locum_fw-la etc._n etc._n job_n etc._n id_fw-la in_o job_n in_o which_o we_o have_v not_o only_o a_o most_o evident_a proof_n that_o the_o bishop_n be_v of_o right_a to_o be_v call_v to_o parliament_n for_o grant_v subsidy_n and_o escuage_z and_o treat_v of_o the_o great_a affair_n which_o concern_v the_o kingdom_n but_o that_o they_o be_v to_o be_v summon_v by_o particular_a letter_n as_o well_o as_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n or_o either_o of_o they_o a_o form_n or_o copy_n of_o which_o summon_v issue_v in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o say_a king_n john_n be_v extant_a on_o record_n and_o put_v in_o print_n not_o many_o year_n since_o in_o the_o title_n of_o honour_n 1.20.5_o honour_n p._n 1.20.5_o 5_o we_o have_v it_o thus_o in_o the_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la of_o king_n henry_n the_o 3d._a the_o birthright_n of_o the_o english_a subject_n according_a as_o it_o stand_v translate_v in_o the_o book_n of_o statute_n first_o we_o have_v grant_v to_o god_n and_o by_o this_o our_o present_a charter_n have_v confirm_v for_o we_o and_o our_o heir_n for_o ever_o that_o the_o church_n of_o england_n shall_v be_v free_a and_o shall_v enjoy_v all_o her_o whole_a right_n and_o liberty_n inviolable_a 1_o inviolable_a magna_fw-la charta_fw-la cap._n 1_o but_o it_o be_v a_o know_v right_o and_o liberty_n of_o the_o church_n of_o england_n that_o all_o the_o bishop_n and_o many_o of_o the_o great_a clergy_n and_o peradventure_o also_o the_o inferior_a clergy_n in_o the_o say_v king_n time_n have_v their_o vote_n in_o parliament_n and_o therefore_o be_v to_o be_v preserve_v inviolable_a by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n their_o heir_n and_o successor_n for_o ever_o which_o charter_n as_o it_o be_v confirm_v by_o a_o solemn_a curse_n denounce_v on_o all_o the_o infringer_n of_o it_o by_o boniface_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n 3._o canterbury_n math._n paris_n in_o hen._n 3._o and_o ratify_v in_o no_o few_o than_o 80._o succeed_a parliament_n so_o be_v it_o enact_v in_o the_o reign_n of_o edward_n the_o first_o that_o it_o shall_v be_v send_v under_o the_o great_a seal_n of_o england_n to_o all_o the_o cathedral_n church_n of_o the_o kingdom_n to_o be_v read_v twice_o a_o year_n before_o the_o people_n 1._o people_n 28._o edw._n 1._o c._n 1._o that_o they_o shall_v be_v ready_a four_o time_n every_o year_n in_o a_o full_a county_n court_n 2._o court_n 28_o edw._n 1._o c._n 2._o and_o final_o that_o all_o judgement_n give_v against_o it_o shall_v be_v void_a and_o null_a 3._o null_a 28._o edw._n 1._o c._n 3._o the_o application_n or_o which_o last_o clause_n i_o refer_v to_o those_o to_o who_o the_o rectify_v of_o the_o error_n which_o to_o the_o contrary_a thereof_o have_v be_v commit_v do_v of_o right_a belong_v 6_o we_o have_v the_o protestation_n of_o john_n stratford_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o 3d._n who_o be_v in_o disfavour_n with_o the_o king_n and_o deny_v entrance_n in_o to_o the_o house_n of_o peer_n challenge_v his_o place_n and_o suffrage_n there_o as_o the_o first_o peer_n of_o the_o
to_o say_v archbishop_n bishop_n abbot_n noble_n peer_n be_v summon_v by_o the_o king_n writ_n to_o appear_v at_o london_n to_o handle_v and_o conclude_v about_o the_o public_a affair_n of_o the_o kingdom_n mention_v of_o which_o assembly_n be_v make_v again_o at_o the_o foundation_n and_o endowment_n of_o the_o abbey_n of_o crowland_n 500_o crowland_n m._n id_fw-la p._n 500_o and_o afterward_o a_o confirmation_n of_o the_o same_o by_o edgar_n anno._n 966._o praesentibus_fw-la archiepiscopis_fw-la episcopis_fw-la abbatibus_fw-la &_o optimatibus_fw-la regni_fw-la 1.50_o regni_fw-la id_fw-la p._n 5._o p._n 1.50_o in_o the_o presence_n of_o archbishop_n bishop_n abbot_n and_o peer_n of_o the_o realm_n the_o like_a convention_n of_o estate_n we_o find_v to_o have_v be_v call_v by_o canutus_n the_o dane_n after_o the_o death_n of_o edmund_n ironside_n for_o the_o settle_v the_o crown_n on_o his_o own_o head_n of_o which_o thus_o the_o author_n 250._o author_n rog._n heveden_n annal_n pag._n prio_fw-la p._n 250._o cujus_fw-la post_fw-la mortem_fw-la rex_fw-la canutus_n omnes_fw-la episcopos_fw-la &_o deuce_n nec_fw-la non_fw-la &_o principes_fw-la cunctosque_fw-la optimates_fw-la gentis_fw-la angliae_fw-la londoniae_n congregari_fw-la jussit_fw-la where_o we_o still_o find_v the_o bishop_n to_o be_v call_v to_o parliament_n as_o well_o as_o the_o duke_n prince_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o nobility_n and_o to_o be_v rank_v and_o marshal_v first_o which_o clear_o show_v that_o they_o be_v always_o reckon_v for_o the_o first_o estate_n before_o the_o great_a and_o most_o eminent_a of_o the_o secular_a peer_n and_o so_o we_o find_v it_o also_o in_o a_o charter_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o confessor_n the_o last_o king_n of_o the_o saxon_a race_n by_o which_o he_o grant_v certain_a land_n and_o privilege_n to_o the_o church_n of_o westminster_n anno_fw-la 1066._o cum_fw-la concilio_n &_o deereto_o archiepiscoporum_fw-la episcoporum_fw-la comitum_fw-la aliorumque_fw-la optimatum_fw-la 630._o optimatum_fw-la ap_fw-mi h._n spel._n in_o council_n p._n 630._o with_o the_o counsel_n and_o decree_n of_o the_o archbishop_n bishop_n earls_z and_o other_o of_o his_o noble_n and_o all_o this_o while_n the_o bishop_n and_o other_o prelate_n of_o the_o church_n do_v hold_v by_o no_o other_o tenure_n than_o in_o purô_o &_o perpetuô_o eleemosynâ_fw-la brit._n eleemosynâ_fw-la camden_n in_o brit._n or_o frank_a almoigne_z as_o our_o lawyer_n call_v it_o and_o therefore_o sit_v in_o parliament_n in_o no_o other_o capacity_n than_o as_o spiritual_a person_n mere_o who_o by_o their_o extraordinary_a knowledge_n in_o the_o word_n of_o god_n and_o in_o such_o other_o part_n of_o learning_n as_o the_o world_n than_o know_v be_v think_v best_o able_a to_o direct_v and_o advise_v their_o prince_n in_o all_o point_n of_o difficulty_n but_o when_o the_o norman_a conqueror_n have_v possess_v the_o state_n than_o the_o case_n be_v alter_v the_o prelate_n of_o the_o church_n be_v no_o long_o suffer_v to_o hold_v their_o land_n in_o frank_a almoigne_z as_o before_z they_o do_v or_o to_o be_v free_a from_o secular_a service_n and_o command_n as_o before_o they_o be_v although_o they_o keep_v their_o land_n yet_o they_o change_v their_o tenure_n and_o by_o the_o conqueror_n be_v ordain_v to_o hold_v their_o land_n sub_fw-la militari_fw-la servitute_fw-la 1070._o servitute_fw-la mat._n patis_fw-la in_o will_n 1._o an._n 1070._o either_o in_o capite_fw-la or_o by_o baronage_n or_o some_o such_o military_a hold_n and_o thereby_o be_v compellable_n to_o aid_v the_o king_n in_o all_o time_n of_o war_n with_o man_n arm_n and_o horse_n as_o the_o lay-subject_n of_o the_o same_o tenor_n be_v require_v to_o do_v which_o though_o it_o be_v conceive_v to_o be_v a_o great_a disfranchisement_n at_o the_o first_o and_o a_o heavy_a burden_n to_o the_o prelacy_n yet_o it_o conduce_v at_o last_o to_o their_o great_a honour_n in_o give_v they_o a_o further_a title_n to_o their_o place_n in_o parliament_n than_o that_o which_o former_o they_o can_v pretend_v to_o before_o they_o claim_v a_o place_n therein_o ratione_fw-la officij_fw-la only_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o office_n or_o spiritual_a dignity_n but_o after_o this_o by_o reason_n also_o of_o those_o barony_n which_o be_v erect_v and_o annex_v to_o their_o several_a dignity_n en_fw-fr respect_n de_fw-fr lour_v possession_n l'_fw-mi ancient_a barony_n annex_v a_o lour_v dignity_n 3._o dignity_n stanford_n pleas._n l._n 3._o as_o our_o lawyer_n have_v it_o from_o this_o time_n forward_o we_o must_v look_v upon_o they_o in_o the_o house_n of_o parliament_n not_o as_o bishop_n only_o but_o as_o peer_n and_o baron_n of_o the_o realm_n also_o and_o so_o themselves_o affirm_v to_o the_o temporal_a lord_n in_o the_o parliament_n hold_v at_o northampton_n under_o henry_n the_o second_o non_fw-la sedimus_fw-la hic_fw-la episcopi_fw-la say_v barones_n pares_fw-la hic_fw-la sumus_fw-la 2.18_o sumus_fw-la selden_n title_n of_o hon_n p._n 2.18_o we_o sit_v not_o here_o say_v they_o as_o bishop_n only_o but_o as_o baron_n we_o be_v baron_n and_o you_o be_v baron_n here_o we_o sit_v as_o peer_n which_o last_o be_v also_o verify_v terminis_fw-la by_o the_o word_n of_o a_o statute_n or_o act_n of_o parliament_n wherein_o the_o bishop_n be_v acknowledge_v to_o be_v peer_n of_o the_o land_n but_o to_o proceed_v more_o particular_o to_o our_o proof_n de_fw-fr facto_fw-la after_o the_o alteration_n of_o their_o tenor_n by_o the_o norman_a conqueror_n we_o find_v a_o parliament_n assemble_v in_o the_o five_o year_n of_o that_o king_n wherein_o be_v present_a episcopi_fw-la abbates_n comites_fw-la &_o primat_n totius_fw-la angliae_fw-la 1._o angliae_fw-la math._n paris_n in_o willielmo_fw-la 1._o the_o bishop_n abbat_n earl_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o baronage_n of_o england_n and_o 3_o in_o the_o nine_o year_n of_o william_n rufus_n a_o old_a author_n tell_v we_o de_fw-fr regni_fw-la statu_fw-la acturus_fw-la episcopos_fw-la abbates_n &_o quoscunque_fw-la regni_fw-la proceres_fw-la in_o unum_fw-la praecepti_fw-la svi_fw-la sanctione_n egit_fw-la that_o be_v to_o consult_v of_o the_o affair_n of_o the_o kingdom_n he_o call_v together_o by_o his_o writ_n the_o bishop_n abbot_n and_o all_o the_o peer_n of_o the_o realm_n â—_o realm_n eadmer_n hist_o nou._n l._n â—_o and_o 3_o during_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o first_o for_o we_o will_v take_v but_o one_o example_n out_o of_o each_o king_n reign_n though_o each_o king_n reign_n will_v yield_v we_o more_o a_o parliament_n be_v call_v at_o london_n wherein_o be_v many_o thing_n dispatch_v as_o well_o of_o ecclesiastical_a as_o secular_a nature_n the_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n be_v present_a with_o the_o other_o lord_n coactâ—_n apud_fw-la londoniam_fw-la magno_fw-la episcoporum_fw-la &_o procerum_fw-la abbatumque_fw-la consilio_fw-la multa_fw-la ecclesiasticarum_fw-la &_o secubarium_n rerum_fw-la ordinata_fw-la negotia_fw-la dieisa_fw-la litigia_fw-la say_v the_o monk_n of_o malmsbury_n 5._o malmsbury_n malâ—b_n hist._n reg._n ang._n l._n 5._o and_o of_o this_o parliament_n it_o be_v i_o take_v it_o that_o edmor_n speak_v hist_n novel_a l._n 4._o p._n 91._o proceed_v we_o 4ly_v to_o king_n henry_n the_o second_o for_o king_n stephen_n reign_n be_v so_o full_a of_o war_n and_o tumult_n that_o there_o be_v very_o little_a to_o be_v find_v of_o parliament_n and_o there_o we_o find_v the_o bishop_n with_o the_o other_o peer_n convene_v in_o parliament_n for_o the_o determination_n of_o the_o point_n in_o controversy_n between_o alphonso_n king_n of_o castille_n and_o sancho_n king_n of_o navarre_n refer_v by_o compromise_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o here_o determine_v by_o king_n henry_n among_o other_o thing_n habito_fw-la cum_fw-la episcopis_fw-la comitibus_fw-la &_o baronibus_fw-la cum_fw-la deliberatione_n consilio_fw-la as_o in_o roger_n hoveden_n 2._o hoveden_n hoveden_n annal._n pac_fw-la rose_n in_o h_n n._n 2._o 5_o next_o time_n come_v richard_n the_o first_o his_o son_n during_o who_o imprisonment_n by_o the_o d._n of_o austria_n his_o brother_n john_n then_o earl_n of_o moriton_n endeavour_v by_o force_n and_o cunning_n in_o normandy_n to_o set_v the_o crown_n on_o his_o own_o head_n which_o cause_v hubert_n the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n to_o call_v a_o parliament_n convocatis_fw-la coram_fw-la eo_fw-la episcopis_fw-la comitibus_fw-la &_o baronibus_fw-la regni_fw-la iâ—h_n regni_fw-la id._n in_o iâ—h_n wherein_o the_o bishop_n earls_z and_o baron_n do_v with_o one_o consent_n agree_v to_o seize_v on_o his_o estate_n and_o suppress_v his_o power_n the_o better_a to_o preserve_v the_o kingdom_n in_o wealth_n peace_n and_o safety_n 6_o after_o succeed_v john_n and_o he_o call_v a_o parliament_n wherein_o be_v certain_a law_n make_v for_o the_o defence_n of_o this_o kingdom_n communi_fw-la ascensu_fw-la archiepiscoporum_fw-la episcoporum_fw-la comitum_fw-la baronum_fw-la &_o omnium_fw-la fidelium_fw-la suorum_fw-la angliae_fw-la by_o the_o common_a counsel_n and_o assent_v of_o the_o archbishop_n bishop_n earls_z baron_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o liege_n
realm_n and_o one_o that_o ought_v to_o have_v the_o first_o voice_n in_o parliament_n in_o right_a of_o his_o see_n but_o hear_v he_o speak_v his_o own_o word_n which_o be_v these_o that_o follow_v amici_n for_o he_o speak_v to_o those_o that_o take_v witness_n of_o it_o rex_fw-la i_o ad_fw-la hoc_fw-la parliamentum_fw-la scripto_fw-la svo_fw-la vocavit_fw-la &_o ego_fw-la tanquam_fw-la major_n par_fw-fr regni_fw-la post_fw-la regem_fw-la &_o primam_fw-la vocem_fw-la habere_fw-la debens_fw-la in_o parliamento_fw-la jura_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la meae_fw-la cantuarensis_fw-la vendico_fw-la &_o ideo_fw-la ingressum_fw-la in_o parliamentum_fw-la pero_fw-la stratford_n pero_fw-la antiqui_fw-la britan_n in_o gati_fw-la stratford_n which_o make_v it_o plain_a enough_o that_o the_o archbishop_n do_v not_o challenge_v a_o place_n in_o parliament_n as_o the_o first_o peer_n of_o the_o realm_n either_o by_o way_n of_o favour_n or_o of_o custom_n only_o but_o as_o a_o power_n and_o privilege_v as_o he_o ought_v to_o have_v habere_fw-la debens_fw-la be_v the_o word_n in_o the_o right_n of_o his_o see_n 7_o and_o last_o there_o be_v the_o protestation_n on_o record_n of_o all_o the_o bishop_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n richard_n the_o second_o at_o what_o time_n william_n courtney_n be_v archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n who_o be_v to_o withdraw_v themselves_o from_o the_o house_n of_o peer_n at_o the_o pronounce_v of_o the_o sentence_n of_o death_n on_o some_o guilty_a lord_n first_o make_v their_o procurator_n to_o supply_v their_o room_n and_o then_o put_v up_o their_o protestation_n to_o preserve_v their_o right_n the_o sum_n whereof_o for_o as_o much_o as_o do_v concern_v this_o business_n in_o their_o own_o word_n thus_o de_fw-fr jure_fw-la &_o consuetudine_fw-la regni_fw-la angliae_fw-la ad_fw-la archiepiscopum_fw-la cantuarensem_fw-la qui_fw-la pro_fw-la tempore_fw-la fuerit_fw-la nec_fw-la non_fw-la catero_n suffragano_n confratres_fw-la &_o compatres_fw-la abbates_n &_o priores_fw-la aliosque_fw-la prelatos_n quoscunque_fw-la per_fw-la baroniam_fw-la de_fw-la domino_fw-la rege_fw-la tenentes_fw-la pertinet_fw-la in_fw-la parliamentis_fw-la regis_fw-la quibuscunque_fw-la ut_fw-la parâ—s_fw-la regni_fw-la predidi_fw-la personaliter_fw-la interest_n ibidemque_fw-la de_fw-la regni_fw-la negotiis_fw-la ac_fw-la aliis_fw-la tradari_fw-la consuetis_fw-la cum_fw-la caeteris_fw-la didi_fw-la regni_fw-la patibus_fw-la &_o aliis_fw-la ibidem_fw-la jus_o interessendi_fw-la habentibus_fw-la consulere_fw-la &_o tradare_fw-la ordinare_fw-la statuere_fw-la &_o diffinire_n ac_fw-la cetera_fw-la facere_fw-la quae_fw-la parliamento_fw-la ibidem_fw-la imminent_a facionda_fw-la courtney_n facionda_fw-la in_o vita_fw-la gu._n courtney_n it_o appertain_v say_v they_o both_o by_o right_n and_o custom_n to_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n for_o the_o time_n be_v as_o also_o unto_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o compeer_n as_o well_o the_o suffragan_n bishop_n as_o to_o the_o abbot_n prior_n and_o other_o prelate_n whatsoever_o which_o hold_v their_o land_n by_o barony_n of_o our_o lord_n the_o king_n to_o be_v personal_o present_a at_o all_o parliament_n as_o peer_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o three_o together_o with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o peer_n and_o all_o other_o which_o have_v right_o to_o be_v therein_o present_a to_o consult_v treat_v of_o and_o ordain_v and_o final_o to_o determine_v and_o establish_v all_o such_o thing_n and_o matter_n as_o be_v accustomable_o handle_v and_o ordain_v in_o parliament_n which_o set_v the_o matter_n as_o i_o take_v it_o beyond_o all_o dispute_n as_o to_o the_o first_o of_o these_o two_o head_n or_o sort_n of_o argument_n whereby_o i_o be_v to_o prove_v this_o point_n which_o be_v those_o de_fw-fr jure_fw-la let_v we_o next_o see_v whether_o this_o right_a of_o they_o be_v confirm_v and_o countenance_v by_o continual_a practice_n and_o that_o they_o have_v not_o lose_v it_o by_o discontinuance_n which_o be_v my_o second_o kind_n of_o argument_n those_o i_o mean_v de_fw-fr facto_fw-la and_o in_o this_o way_n of_o proof_n we_o can_v go_v as_o high_a as_o the_o first_o preach_v of_o the_o gospel_n to_o the_o english_a saxon_n and_o so_o descend_v unto_o those_o last_o time_n without_o interruption_n by_o which_o it_o will_v appear_v that_o christianity_n in_o this_o nation_n and_o the_o bishop_n vote_n in_o parliament_n and_o common_a council_n be_v of_o like_a antiquity_n for_o first_o no_o soon_o have_v king_n ethelbert_n receive_v the_o gospel_n but_o present_o we_o read_v that_o as_o well_o the_o clergy_n as_o the_o laity_n be_v summon_v to_o the_o common_a council_n which_o the_o saxon_n sometime_o call_v mycell_n synoth_n the_o great_a assembly_n and_o sometime_o wittenegemote_a the_o counsel_n or_o assembly_n of_o the_o wise_a man_n of_o the_o realm_n anno_fw-la 605._o ethelbertus_fw-la rex_fw-la in_o fide_fw-la corroboratus_fw-la catholicâ_fw-la etc._n etc._n cantuariae_fw-la convocavit_fw-la commune_fw-la consilium_fw-la tam_fw-la cleri_fw-la quam_fw-la popusi_fw-la king_n 116._o king_n h._n spelmon_n in_o council_n p._n 116._o ethelbert_n as_o my_o author_n have_v it_o be_v confirm_v in_o the_o faith_n in_o the_o year_n 605._o which_o be_v but_o nine_o year_n after_o his_o conversion_n together_o with_o berha_n his_o queen_n their_o son_n thalbald_n the_o reverend_a archbishop_n augustine_n and_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o nobility_n do_v solemnize_v the_o feast_n of_o christ_n nativity_n in_o the_o city_n of_o canterbury_n and_o do_v there_o cause_n to_o be_v assemble_v on_o the_o 9th_o of_o january_n the_o common_a council_n of_o his_o kingdom_n as_o well_o the_o clergy_n as_o the_o lay-subject_a by_o who_o consent_n and_o approbation_n he_o cause_v the_o monastery_n by_o he_o build_v to_o be_v dedicate_v to_o the_o honour_n of_o god_n almighty_n by_o the_o hand_n of_o augustine_n and_o though_o no_o question_n other_o example_n of_o this_o kind_n may_v be_v find_v among_o the_o saxon_a heptarche_n yet_o be_v the_o west_n saxon_a kingdom_n do_v in_o fine_a prevail_v and_o unite_v all_o the_o rest_n into_o one_o monarchy_n we_o shall_v apply_v ourselves_o unto_o that_o more_o punctual_o and_o with_o great_a care_n i._o and_o first_o we_o read_v of_o egbert_n who_o first_o unite_v the_o seven_o kingdom_n of_o the_o saxon_n under_o the_o common_a name_n of_o england_n that_o he_o cause_v to_o be_v convene_v at_o london_n his_o bishop_n and_o the_o peer_n of_o the_o high_a rank_n pro_fw-la consilio_fw-la capiendo_fw-la adversus_fw-la danicos_fw-la pyratas_fw-la ingulph_n pyratas_fw-la charta_fw-la whitlagiâ—_n mercyoâ—um_fw-la regis_fw-la ap_fw-mi ingulph_n to_o advise_v upon_o some_o course_n against_o the_o danish_a pirate_n who_o infest_a the_o sea-coast_n of_o england_n ii_o another_o parliament_n or_o council_n call_v it_o which_o you_o will_v call_v at_o ringbury_n anno_fw-la 855._o in_o the_o time_n of_o ethelwolph_n the_o son_n of_o egbert_n pro_fw-la negotiis_fw-la regni_fw-la ingulf_n regni_fw-la charta_fw-la bertult_v mer._n regis_n ap_fw-mi ingulf_n to_o treat_v of_o the_o affair_n of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o act_n whereof_o be_v ratify_v and_o subscribe_v by_o the_o bishop_n abbat_n and_o other_o great_a man_n of_o the_o realm_n iii_o we_o find_v that_o the_o same_o king_n ethelwolph_n in_o a_o parliament_n or_o assembly_n of_o his_o state_n at_o winchester_n anno_fw-la 855._o cum_fw-la consilio_fw-la episcoporum_fw-la &_o principum_fw-la hist._n principum_fw-la ingulf_n croyland_n hist._n by_o the_o advice_n and_o council_n of_o the_o bishop_n and_o nobility_n confirm_v unto_o the_o clergy_n the_o ten_o part_n of_o all_o man_n good_n and_o order_v that_o the_o tithe_n so_o confirm_v unto_o they_o shall_v be_v free_a ab_fw-la omnibus_fw-la secularibus_fw-la servitutibus_fw-la from_o all_o secular_a service_n and_o imposition_n iv_o the_o two_o charter_n be_v issue_v out_o by_o athelstone_n above_o mention_v consilio_fw-la wifelmi_n archiepiscopi_fw-la mei_fw-la &_o aliorum_fw-la episcoporum_fw-la meorum_fw-la 403._o meorum_fw-la ap_fw-mi eund_n p._n 402_o 403._o by_o the_o advice_n of_o wifelme_n his_o archbishop_n and_o his_o other_o bishop_n and_o 5_o that_o ina_n in_o the_o year_n 902._o cause_v the_o great_a council_n of_o his_o realm_n to_o be_v assemble_v consist_v ex_fw-la episcopis_fw-la principibus_fw-la proceribus_fw-la etc._n etc._n of_o bishop_n prince_n nobles_z earls_z and_o of_o all_o the_o wise_a man_n elder_n and_o people_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n and_o there_o enact_v divers_a law_n for_o the_o weal_n of_o his_o realm_n 219._o realm_n ap_fw-mi cund_o p._n 219._o we_o also_o read_v this_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o edrid_a anno_fw-la 948._o viz._n in_o festo_fw-la igitur_fw-la nativitatis_fw-la beatae_fw-la mariae_fw-la cum_fw-la universi_fw-la magnates_fw-la regni_fw-la per_fw-la regium_fw-la edictum_fw-la summoniri_fw-la tam_fw-la archiepiscopi_fw-la &_o episcopi_fw-la ac_fw-la abbates_n quam_fw-la caeteri_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la proceres_fw-la &_o optimates_fw-la londiniis_fw-la convenissent_fw-la ad_fw-la tractandum_fw-la de_fw-la negotijs_fw-la publicis_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la lon._n regni_fw-la id_fw-la ibid._n p._n 497._o edit_n lon._n that_o in_o the_o feast_n of_o the_o nativity_n of_o the_o bless_a virgin_n the_o great_a man_n of_o the_o realm_n that_o be_v