barones_n regis_fw-la be_v the_o king_n tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la among_o which_o there_o be_v knight_n at_o least_o and_o the_o homines_fw-la svi_fw-la i_o take_v it_o be_v his_o great_a officer_n and_o justice_n these_o make_v a_o select_a council_n act_v in_o parliament_n and_o out_o of_o it_o either_o in_o a_o full_a body_n or_o contract_v by_o agreement_n as_o i_o can_v easy_o show_v but_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v the_o king_n be_v ordinary_a council_n and_o therefore_o manifest_o the_o assize_n there_o be_v draw_v up_o and_o advise_v by_o they_o in_o full_a parliament_n with_o the_o consent_n of_o all_o the_o baron_n of_o the_o kingdom_n under_o which_o in_o those_o ancient_a time_n omnes_fw-la quodamodo_fw-la ordines_fw-la regni_fw-la continebantur_fw-la as_o quarto_fw-la mr._n cambden_n observe_v but_o it_o be_v observable_a that_o here_o it_o be_v homines_fw-la svi_fw-la or_o regis_fw-la to_o show_v that_o the_o justice_n and_o other_o who_o come_v not_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o freehold_n but_o as_o the_o king_n servant_n be_v not_o to_o be_v term_v barones_n svi_fw-la a_o few_o year_n before_o this_o there_o be_v a_o 189._o summons_n for_o a_o assembly_n at_o this_o very_a place_n and_o it_o be_v manifest_o no_o more_o than_o a_o curia_fw-la regis_fw-la 1._o whereas_o there_o be_v the_o barones_n 583._o terrae_fw-la at_o the_o last_o above_o name_v to_o this_o be_v summon_v only_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la 2._o whereas_o then_o they_o be_v to_o exercise_v a_o legislative_a power_n de_fw-fr statutis_fw-la regni_fw-la this_o be_v only_o for_o a_o judicial_a power_n such_o as_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la exercise_v by_o themselves_o for_o it_o be_v only_o upon_o the_o case_n of_o becket_n 3._o whereas_o the_o former_a be_v call_v magnum_fw-la concilium_fw-la de_fw-la statutis_fw-la regni_fw-la this_o magnum_fw-la concilium_fw-la as_o some_o call_v it_o be_v but_o curia_fw-la regis_fw-la barones_n curiae_fw-la regis_fw-la adjudicaverunt_fw-la eum_fw-la esse_fw-la in_o misericordia_fw-la as_o hoveden_n 494._o inform_v we_o now_o the_o question_n be_v whether_o those_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la the_o barones_n curiae_fw-la be_v barones_n regis_fw-la which_o that_o they_o be_v i_o think_v be_v very_o obvious_a they_o be_v by_o reason_n of_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n oblige_v to_o attend_v at_o his_o court_n and_o that_o these_o be_v the_o king_n baron_n or_o baron_n of_o his_o court_n or_o owe_v suit_n and_o service_n there_o must_v needs_o be_v synonimous_a but_o utter_o to_o silence_v this_o gentleman_n 153._o he_o grant_v that_o hen._n i._n be_v crown_v in_o a_o extraordinary_a convention_n of_o the_o people_n that_o be_v more_o than_o tenant_n in_o chief_a consent_v to_o that_o change_n in_o the_o succession_n now_o that_o very_a king_n charter_n say_v 1._o it_o be_v communi_fw-la concilio_n baronum_fw-la regni_fw-la when_o among_o these_o he_o come_v to_o mention_v such_o as_o hold_v of_o he_o in_o chief_a he_o call_v they_o his_o baron_n emphatical_o not_o but_o that_o all_o be_v his_o baron_n in_o a_o remote_a sense_n si_fw-la aliquis_fw-la baronum_fw-la meorum_fw-la vel_fw-la comitum_fw-la sive_fw-la aliorum_fw-la qui_fw-la de_fw-la i_o tenent_fw-la mortuus_fw-la fuerit_fw-la haeres_fw-la suus_fw-la non_fw-la redimat_fw-la terram_fw-la svam_fw-la sicut_fw-la faciebat_fw-la tempore_fw-la fratris_fw-la mei_fw-la this_o relief_n it_o seem_v in_o his_o brother_n time_n be_v uncertain_a and_o immoderate_a and_o be_v by_o he_o reduce_v to_o the_o old_a standard_n as_o it_o be_v in_o canutus_n his_o time_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o comparison_n of_o the_o law_n of_o both_o the_o earl_n relief_n be_v eight_o horse_n four_o with_o furniture_n four_o without_o beside_o hereâ—…tum_fw-la arm_n and_o a_o certain_a quantity_n of_o gold_n the_o thanus_n regis_fw-la primarius_fw-la as_o in_o king_n heriot_n canutus_n his_o law_n or_o qui_fw-la ei_fw-la proximus_fw-la as_o in_o henry_n the_o one_a pay_v for_o hereot_fw-la or_o relief_n which_o there_o be_v synonimous_a four_o horse_n two_o with_o furniture_n two_o without_o etc._n etc._n the_o mediocris_fw-la thanus_n pay_v one_o horse_n with_o furniture_n and_o other_o thing_n more_o or_o less_o according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o place_n under_o different_a law_n here_o be_v thanus_n or_o baro_n regis_fw-la primarius_fw-la the_o same_o with_o baro_n major_a and_o thanus_n mediocris_fw-la or_o baro_n minor_n one_o of_o the_o alij_fw-la qui_fw-la de_fw-la nobis_fw-la tenent_fw-la in_o capite_fw-la mention_v in_o king_n john_n charter_n and_o sure_o no_o man_n will_v say_v that_o this_o relief_n be_v not_o payable_a because_o of_o tenure_n in_o capite_fw-la by_o the_o 17_o of_o king_n john_n it_o have_v become_v customary_a for_o the_o relief_n to_o be_v pay_v in_o money_n as_o appear_v by_o his_o charter_n rs._n siquis_fw-la comitum_fw-la vel_fw-la baronum_fw-la nostrorum_fw-la sive_fw-la aliorum_fw-la tenentium_fw-la de_fw-la nobis_fw-la in_o capite_fw-la per_fw-la servitium_n militare_fw-la mortuus_fw-la fuerit_fw-la &_o relevium_fw-la debeat_fw-la habeat_fw-la hareditatem_fw-la svam_fw-la per_fw-la antiquum_fw-la relevium_fw-la scilicet_fw-la haeres_fw-la vel_fw-la haeredes_fw-la comitis_fw-la de_fw-la baroniâ_fw-la comitis_fw-la integrâ_fw-la per_fw-la centum_fw-la libras_fw-la haeres_fw-la vel_fw-la haeredes_fw-la militis_fw-la de_fw-la integro_fw-la feudo_fw-la militis_fw-la per_fw-la centum_fw-la solidos_fw-la ad_fw-la plus_fw-la et_fw-la qui_fw-la minus_fw-la debuerit_fw-la minus_fw-la vel_fw-la secundum_fw-la antiquam_fw-la consuetudinem_fw-la feudorum_fw-la here_o baro_n noster_fw-la be_v manifest_o the_o same_o with_o thanus_n regis_fw-la in_o the_o old_a law_n and_o baro_n de_fw-fr baroniá_fw-la integrâ_fw-la with_o thanus_n primarius_fw-la or_o qui_fw-la ei_fw-la proximus_fw-la the_o mediocris_fw-la thanus_n regis_fw-la be_v the_o mile_n or_o libere_fw-la tenens_fw-la one_o hold_v in_o chief_a by_o knight_n service_n by_o whatsoever_o proportion_n of_o a_o knight_n fee_n and_o by_o this_o time_n i_o think_v it_o be_v evident_a that_o they_o who_o mr._n hunt_v suppose_n to_o have_v be_v the_o only_a barones_n regni_n be_v in_o a_o strict_a sense_n the_o barones_n regis_fw-la and_o but_o part_n of_o the_o baron_n of_o the_o kingdom_n 3._o whereas_o he_o imagine_v that_o if_o a_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la by_o knight_n service_n grant_v out_o to_o never_o so_o many_o they_o all_o owe_v the_o same_o entire_a and_o indivisible_a service_n to_o the_o king_n and_o be_v his_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la in_o this_o he_o must_v needs_o have_v be_v mistake_v but_o that_o i_o may_v not_o seem_v to_o misrepresent_v his_o sense_n i_o shall_v transcribe_v his_o word_n and_o then_o endeavour_v to_o bring_v they_o out_o of_o their_o cloud_n the_o feudal_n baronage_n say_v he_o be_v as_o 164._o large_a and_o as_o numerous_a as_o the_o tenor_n by_o knight_n service_n in_o chief_a which_o be_v capable_a of_o be_v multiply_v several_a way_n for_o every_o part_n of_o the_o fee_n however_o divide_v the_o service_n reserve_v upon_o that_o fee_n that_o be_v entire_a and_o indivisible_a be_v to_o be_v perform_v by_o the_o several_a proprietor_n of_o the_o several_a part_n of_o the_o divide_v fee_n in_o this_o paragraph_n there_o be_v three_o postulata_fw-la 1._o that_o tenure_n by_o knight_n service_n in_o chief_a be_v tenure_n by_o barony_n 2._o that_o every_o tenure_n by_o knight_n service_n have_v some_o entire_a indivisible_a service_n incident_a to_o it_o 3._o that_o this_o entire_a indivisible_a service_n be_v multiply_v to_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o king_n upon_o the_o tenant_n alien_v any_o part_n of_o the_o fee_n the_o two_o first_o i_o agree_v to_o his_o hand_n but_o dispute_v the_o three_o i_o conceive_v with_o good_a reason_n for_o upon_o the_o first_o view_v it_o be_v evident_a that_o if_o the_o grantee_n of_o the_o king_n tenant_n in_o chief_a by_o knight_n service_n will_v before_o the_o 7._o statute_n of_o quia_fw-la emptores_fw-la terrarum_fw-la have_v be_v a_o tenant_n in_o chief_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o entire_a and_o indivisible_a service_n incident_a to_o the_o tenure_n of_o his_o land_n by_o the_o same_o reason_n the_o grantee_n of_o land_n hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o chief_a by_o socage_n or_o other_o free_a tenure_n will_v have_v be_v tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la because_o of_o fealty_n which_o be_v as_o indivisible_a a_o incident_a to_o all_o other_o free_a tenor_n as_o homage_n or_o any_o thing_n else_o belong_v to_o knight_n service_n and_o by_o consequence_n upon_o this_o notion_n since_o the_o king_n even_o before_o the_o pretend_a conquest_n have_v ratione_fw-la coronae_fw-la the_o supreme_a signiory_n of_o all_o the_o land_n of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o the_o mirror_n show_v all_o the_o land_n of_o the_o kingdom_n will_v have_v be_v hold_v of_o the_o king_n immediate_o before_o the_o statute_n of_o quia_fw-la emptores_fw-la terrarum_fw-la and_o then_o to_o be_v sure_a ever_o after_o since_o that_o provide_v that_o land_n shall_v be_v hold_v as_o the_o feoffor_a hold_v over_o which_o by_o this_o opinion_n must_v always_o have_v be_v of_o the_o king_n
immediate_o but_o i_o mnst_a needs_o say_v this_o error_n of_o mr._n hunt_n be_v the_o most_o excusable_a of_o any_o i_o meet_v with_o in_o his_o book_n because_o the_o great_a lord_n cook_n lead_v he_o the_o way_n for_o he_o tell_v we_o and_o refer_v to_o the_o mirror_n 58._o for_o proof_n that_o by_o the_o law_n and_o ordinance_n of_o ancient_a king_n and_o especial_o of_o 10._o king_n alfred_n it_o appear_v that_o the_o first_o king_n of_o this_o realin_n have_v all_o the_o land_n of_o england_n in_o demesne_fw-la and_o les_fw-fr grandes_fw-fr manor_n &_o royalty_n they_o reserve_v to_o themselves_o and_o of_o the_o remnant_n they_o for_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o realm_n enfeoft_v the_o baron_n of_o the_o realm_n with_o such_o jurisdiction_n as_o the_o court_n baron_fw-fr now_o have_v and_o institute_v the_o freeholders_n to_o be_v judge_n of_o the_o court_n baron_fw-fr then_o he_o tell_v we_o in_o his_o second_o institutes_n that_o till_o the_o statute_n of_o 24._o e._n 3._o whereby_o 65._o it_o be_v provide_v that_o alienation_n of_o land_n make_v by_o tenant_n which_o hold_v of_o h._n 3._o or_o of_o other_o king_n before_o he_o to_o hold_v of_o themselves_o shall_v stand_v in_o force_n save_v to_o the_o king_n his_o prerogative_n of_o the_o time_n of_o his_o great_a grandfather_n his_o father_n and_o his_o own_o it_o be_v doubt_v whether_o the_o king_n tenant_n may_v have_v give_v part_n of_o the_o tenancy_n to_o hold_v of_o himself_o which_o be_v in_o effect_n the_o same_o with_o mr._n hunt_n notion_n of_o all_o the_o tenant_n hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o chief_a 1._o but_o it_o be_v obvious_a that_o by_o what_o the_o lord_n cook_n say_v of_o the_o law_n of_o king_n alfred_n and_o other_o whereby_o he_o suppose_v tenor_n be_v erect_v not_o only_o of_o the_o king_n but_o of_o his_o grantee_n who_o have_v their_o court_n baron_n his_o opinion_n be_v that_o the_o king_n tenant_n may_v have_v grant_v out_o to_o hold_v of_o himself_o for_o otherwise_o how_o can_v he_o have_v have_v his_o court_n of_o tenant_n 2._o whereas_o he_o suppose_v that_o the_o law_n of_o king_n alfred_n show_v that_o the_o king_n have_v all_o the_o land_n in_o demesne_n there_o be_v but_o one_o law_n of_o king_n alfred_n mention_v in_o the_o mirror_n and_o that_o be_v for_o the_o great_a council_n assemble_v at_o london_n twice_o a_o year_n or_o often_o if_o ibid._n need_v be_v not_o any_o thing_n of_o tenor_n 3._o but_o among_o the_o establishment_n make_v per_fw-mi cel_z estate_n per_fw-mi plusor_n roye_n by_o several_a king_n in_o parliament_n the_o mirror_n say_v assentus_fw-la 11._o fuist_n que_fw-fr les_fw-fr choses_fw-fr suivant_fw-fr serrent_fw-la appendant_a aux_fw-fr roys_n &_o all_o droit_fw-fr de_fw-fr la_fw-fr corone_n sovereign_a jurisdiction_n la_o sovereign_a signory_n etc._n etc._n come_v franchise_n treasnre_o trove_v etc._n etc._n then_o it_o go_v on_o ceux_fw-fr droit_n retiendrent_fw-fr les_fw-fr primer_n roys_n &_o delremnant_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr terre_fw-fr enfefferont_fw-fr les_fw-fr countees_n baron_n etc._n etc._n here_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o no_o more_o than_o the_o right_n aforesaid_a among_o which_o chief_a city_n chief_a port_n and_o great_a manor_n be_v name_v not_o all_o the_o land_n be_v retain_v by_o the_o first_o king_n and_o though_o they_o be_v say_v to_o have_v enfeoff_v other_o of_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o land_n to_o hold_v of_o they_o yet_o that_o do_v not_o necessary_o imply_v that_o they_o have_v all_o in_o they_o before_o nay_o the_o mirror_n show_v the_o contrary_a for_o it_o say_v that_o after_o god_n please_v to_o abate_v the_o 7._o british_a nobility_n who_o use_v force_v rather_o than_o law_n he_o leave_v the_o realm_n to_o the_o most_o humble_a and_o simple_a of_o all_o the_o adjacent_a country_n the_o saxon_n who_o come_v to_o conquer_v it_o from_o almain_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr quel_fw-fr gent_n il_fw-fr y_fw-fr eurent_fw-fr iesque_fw-la quarant_a sovereign_n que_fw-la tout_fw-fr soy_fw-fr tiendrent_fw-fr a_o companion_n among_o these_o forty_o prince_n be_v equal_a and_o independent_a here_o be_v no_o king_n till_o they_o come_v to_o make_v a_o choice_n and_o so_o the_o mirror_n tell_v we_o they_o do_v have_v feel_v the_o smart_n of_o their_o competition_n then_o eslierent_a de_fw-fr eux_fw-fr un_fw-fr roy_fw-fr a_o reigner_n sur_fw-fr eux_fw-fr &_o governer_n le_fw-fr people_n de_fw-fr dieu_fw-fr &_o a_o maintainer_n &_o defendre_fw-fr les_fw-fr person_n &_o les_fw-fr biens_fw-fr en_fw-fr quiet_a per_fw-mi les_fw-fr rule_n de_fw-fr droit_fw-fr this_o show_v they_o do_v not_o resign_v their_o property_n to_o the_o king_n for_o they_o choose_v he_o to_o defend_v they_o yet_o it_o seem_v they_o consent_v to_o take_v grant_n from_o the_o king_n by_o such_o service_n as_o be_v in_o common_a agree_v upon_o and_o though_o they_o be_v principal_o from_o he_o as_o procerum_fw-la head_n of_o the_o body_n politic_a yet_o any_o man_n that_o observe_v the_o form_n of_o the_o saxon_a king_n grant_n will_v not_o think_v it_o a_o vain_a imagination_n that_o such_o as_o i_o speak_v of_o shall_v have_v be_v with_o universal_a consent_n 4._o but_o i_o can_v find_v any_o warrant_n to_o question_v the_o tenant_n power_n at_o the_o common_a law_n to_o grant_v out_o to_o hold_v of_o himself_o and_o i_o be_o sure_a there_o be_v a_o express_a resolution_n for_o it_o in_o dyer_n the_o word_n be_v thus_o in_o english_a a_o man_n seize_v of_o a_o manor_n in_o fee_n hold_v b._n of_o the_o king_n in_o capite_fw-la before_o the_o statute_n of_o quia_fw-la emptores_fw-la enfeoff_n j._n s._n of_o part_n of_o the_o demean_n in_o fee_n without_o say_v more_o the_o feofee_n enfeoff_v another_o to_o hold_v of_o the_o feoffor_a and_o his_o heir_n by_o 26_o s._n and_o 8_o d._n rent_n for_o all_o service_n the_o land_n clear_o be_v not_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la and_o the_o first_o mesnalty_n be_v not_o hold_v of_o the_o feoffor_a as_o of_o the_o manor_n by_o knight_n service_n the_o statute_n of_o 34_o e._n 3._o mention_v before_o by_o the_o lord_n cook_n be_v not_o in_o the_o least_o contrary_a to_o this_o for_o whereas_o before_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la the_o king_n tenant_n may_v have_v alien_v as_o he_o please_v and_o magna_fw-la charta_n provision_n quod_fw-la nullus_fw-la libre_fw-la homo_fw-la det_fw-la de_fw-la caetero_fw-la 32._o amplius_fw-la alicui_fw-la vel_fw-la vendat_fw-la alicui_fw-la de_fw-la terrâ_fw-la suâ_fw-la quam_fw-la ut_fw-la de_fw-la residuo_fw-la terrae_fw-la suae_fw-la possit_fw-la sufficienter_fw-la fieri_fw-la domino_fw-la feodi_fw-la servitium_fw-la ei_fw-la debitum_fw-la quod_fw-la pertinet_fw-la ad_fw-la feodum_fw-la illud_fw-la interpretative_o give_v a_o fine_a to_o the_o king_n when_o his_o tenant_n alien_v which_o be_v not_o due_a before_o that_o great_a charter_n be_v make_v the_o statute_n 34._o e._n 3._o give_v the_o king_n fines_n for_o alienation_n make_v in_o the_o time_n of_o any_o king_n even_o before_o the_o make_n of_o the_o charter_n the_o lord_n cook_n cite_v a_o answer_n to_o a_o petition_n in_o parliament_n 18._o e._n 1._o rex_fw-la non_fw-la vult_fw-la aliquem_fw-la medium_n which_o be_v no_o more_o than_o that_o he_o will_v not_o grant_v his_o tenant_n who_o then_o petition_v licence_n to_o alien_n however_o he_o have_v not_o forfeit_v his_o land_n if_o he_o have_v alien_v but_o the_o king_n may_v have_v enter_v and_o 66._o seize_v the_o land_n in_o the_o name_n of_o distress_n for_o a_o reasonable_a fine_a for_o the_o trespass_n which_o the_o lord_n cook_n take_v for_o the_o better_a opinion_n and_o if_o the_o land_n be_v forfeit_v to_o be_v sure_o the_o indivisible_a service_n can_v not_o have_v be_v multiply_v as_o mr._n hunt_n imagine_v it_o be_v certain_a that_o though_o at_o the_o common_a law_n the_o king_n or_o any_o other_o lord_n may_v have_v distrain_v for_o his_o service_n reserve_v upon_o the_o original_a grant_n in_o the_o land_n of_o any_o inferior_a grantee_n as_o well_o as_o in_o the_o 142._o land_n of_o his_o immediate_a tenant_n yet_o there_o be_v this_o inconvenience_n that_o the_o wardship_n and_o marriage_n be_v not_o so_o considerable_a when_o the_o land_n be_v parcele_v out_o and_o the_o land_n of_o the_o immediate_a tenant_n who_o only_o be_v to_o be_v in_o ward_n or_o to_o be_v marry_v by_o the_o first_o grantor_n be_v of_o less_o value_n therefore_o be_v that_o provision_n by_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la by_o the_o interpretation_n of_o which_o the_o king_n be_v to_o have_v fine_n upon_o alienation_n but_o though_o the_o inconvenience_n of_o tenant_n alien_v to_o hold_v of_o themselves_o be_v take_v away_o by_o the_o statute_n of_o quia_fw-la emptores_fw-la terrarum_fw-la 18_o edw._n 1._o which_o give_v tenant_n free_a power_n to_o alien_n their_o land_n and_o provide_v that_o the_o alienees_n shall_v hold_v of_o the_o alienor_n immediate_a lord_n with_o a_o apportionment_n of_o service_n yet_o licence_n of_o alienation_n be_v
lord_n hollis_n his_o remain_n be_v a_o second_o letter_n to_o a_o friend_n concern_v the_o judicature_n of_o the_o bishop_n in_o parliament_n in_o the_o vindication_n of_o what_o he_o write_v in_o his_o first_o and_o in_o answer_n to_o a_o book_n since_o publish_v against_o it_o entitle_v the_o right_n of_o the_o bishop_n to_o judge_v in_o capital_a case_n in_o parliament_n clear_v etc._n etc._n it_o contain_v likewise_o part_v of_o his_o intend_a answer_n to_o a_o second_o tractate_n entitle_v the_o grand_a question_n touch_v the_o bishop_n right_o to_o vote_n in_o parliament_n state_v and_o argue_v to_o which_o be_v add_v consideration_n in_o answer_n to_o the_o learned_a author_n of_o the_o grand_a question_n etc._n etc._n by_o another_o hand_n and_o reflection_n upon_o some_o passage_n in_o mr._n hunt_n be_v argument_n upon_o that_o subject_a etc._n etc._n by_o a_o three_o london_n print_v for_o r._n janeway_n 1682._o the_o general_z preface_n the_o name_n of_o the_o lord_n 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to_o finish_v any_o more_o of_o his_o answer_n to_o the_o grand_a question_n etc._n etc._n than_o what_o be_v now_o publish_v but_o often_o affirm_v that_o he_o have_v conquer_a all_o the_o difficulty_n in_o it_o nature_n be_v spend_v and_o all_o the_o oil_n of_o his_o vital_a lamp_n be_v consume_v before_o he_o can_v advance_v further_o with_o his_o pen_n and_o when_o we_o consider_v that_o he_o have_v past_o the_o age_n of_o man_n have_v arrive_v to_o his_o eighty_o first_o year_n and_o that_o he_o still_o continue_v write_v for_o eternity_n when_o he_o be_v upon_o quit_v this_o mortal_a state_n we_o may_v well_o say_v that_o his_o life_n go_v not_o out_o in_o a_o snuff_n as_o most_o very_a age_a man_n expire_v but_o that_o he_o ascend_v to_o heaven_n in_o a_o bright_a flame_n which_o still_o continue_v to_o enlighten_v we_o that_o remain_v here_o below_o sure_o i_o can_v be_v tax_v of_o impertinence_n if_o i_o here_o strew_v upon_o his_o hearse_n some_o of_o cicero_n be_v happy_a 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than_o the_o suitor_n at_o the_o curia_n be_v summon_v the_o legislative_a power_n they_o exercise_v as_o member_n of_o the_o general_n council_n or_o parliament_n and_o the_o judicial_a power_n as_o member_n of_o the_o curia_n and_o be_v member_n of_o the_o curia_n as_o they_o hold_v land_n of_o the_o king_n in_o chief_a whereas_o man_n come_v to_o the_o parliament_n general_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o property_n in_o land_n without_o consideration_n of_o tenure_n so_o it_o be_v free_a in_o short_a a_o man_n may_v have_v that_o in_o a_o extraordinary_a capacity_n in_o parliament_n which_o he_o have_v not_o there_o in_o a_o ordinary_a i_o likewise_o hold_v that_o becket_n be_v try_v for_o misdemeanour_n only_o though_o according_a to_o the_o language_n of_o those_o day_n they_o be_v crimina_fw-la laesae_fw-la majestatis_fw-la and_o that_o the_o trial_n be_v in_o a_o bare_a curia_fw-la regis_fw-la when_o no_o more_o than_o suitor_n to_o that_o be_v summon_v mr._n hunt_v his_o 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real_a force_n for_o not_o to_o mention_v his_o wrong_a interpretation_n of_o the_o constitution_n of_o clarendon_n nor_o yet_o his_o mistake_n of_o the_o fact_n in_o relation_n to_o becket_n be_v trial_n as_o if_o he_o be_v try_v for_o a_o capital_a offence_n in_o both_o which_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o he_o will_v receive_v conviction_n to_o the_o contrary_a from_o these_o two_o learned_a author_n i_o be_o bold_a to_o say_v that_o there_o be_v no_o manner_n of_o consequence_n in_o the_o first_o branch_n of_o his_o dilemma_n which_o be_v the_o only_a thing_n that_o can_v lie_v upon_o i_o to_o answer_v and_o true_o i_o conceive_v that_o it_o by_o no_o mean_n follow_v that_o because_o the_o curia_fw-la regis_fw-la in_o the_o constitution_n of_o clarendon_n be_v not_o the_o whole_a parliament_n but_o only_o that_o court_n which_o either_o when_o a_o parliament_n be_v hold_v or_o when_o only_o a_o council_n of_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la or_o lord_n assemble_v have_v the_o sole_a 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it_o be_v only_o in_o affirmance_n of_o the_o ancient_a law_n their_o liberty_n go_v no_o further_a than_o the_o usage_n which_o be_v to_o be_v present_a only_o till_o such_o cause_n come_v to_o be_v try_v 2._o if_o precedent_n be_v as_o mr._n hunt_n censure_v they_o like_o a_o oracle_n that_o will_v always_o give_v a_o response_n agreeable_a to_o the_o enquirer_n and_o consulter_n then_o we_o must_v as_o i_o former_o do_v look_v to_o the_o law_n in_o the_o case_n without_o enter_v into_o the_o large_a field_n of_o precedent_n 3._o if_o the_o canon_n require_v the_o bishop_n not_o to_o concern_v themselves_o in_o the_o trial_n of_o capital_a cause_n and_o those_o canon_n have_v be_v sufficient_o receive_v to_o become_v the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n which_o these_o author_n prove_v undeniable_o than_o the_o bishop_n must_v ever_o be_v suppose_v to_o have_v be_v absent_a when_o such_o matter_n come_v in_o question_n in_o parliament_n unless_o they_o be_v mention_v there_o by_o name_n and_o can_v be_v comprehend_v under_o word_n common_a to_o they_o with_o the_o temporal_a lord_n any_o more_o than_o we_o can_v imagine_v that_o the_o popish_a lord_n who_o be_v exclude_v the_o lord_n house_n by_o act_n of_o parliament_n yet_o still_o be_v peer_n be_v party_n to_o any_o judgement_n give_v by_o the_o peer_n there_o sir_n the_o former_a trouble_n i_o give_v you_o upon_o this_o subject_a you_o pull_v upon_o yourself_o by_o desire_v my_o opinion_n in_o it_o but_o for_o this_o i_o now_o give_v you_o i_o must_v beg_v your_o pardon_n it_o be_v single_o upon_o my_o own_o account_n to_o do_v myself_o â—…ht_v and_o justify_v what_o i_o then_o write_v to_o you_o against_o several_a aspersion_n cast_v upon_o i_o in_o a_o pamphlet_n entitle_v the_o right_n of_o bishop_n to_o judge_v in_o capital_a case_n in_o parliament_n etc._n etc._n make_v it_o seem_v by_o the_o same_o person_n who_o have_v set_v out_o the_o other_o pamphlet_n entitle_v the_o honour_n of_o the_o spiritual_a lord_n assert_v etc._n etc._n of_o which_o i_o give_v you_o some_o account_n in_o a_o postscript_n to_o my_o former_a letter_n and_o i_o think_v without_o any_o sharp_a reflection_n either_o upon_o that_o author_n or_o his_o work_n the_o most_o i_o say_v be_v when_o i_o have_v instance_a in_o three_o notorious_a falsification_n of_o he_o the_o first_o be_v p._n 112._o where_o he_o quote_v mr._n selden_n to_o prove_v that_o the_o spiritualty_n make_v their_o proxy_n in_o capital_a cause_n in_o more_o parliament_n than_o the_o 21_o r._n 2._o for_o that_o they_o do_v it_o likewise_o in_o the_o 2_o h._n 4._o and_o 2_o h._n 5._o which_o i_o show_v be_v a_o mistake_n and_o only_o say_v he_o can_v not_o find_v it_o so_o in_o the_o record_n itself_o but_o that_o he_o take_v it_o upon_o trust_n out_o of_o the_o margin_n of_o mr._n selden'_v book_n of_o the_o privilege_n of_o the_o baronage_n p._n 125._o where_o there_o be_v such_o a_o quotation_n of_o the_o 2_o h._n 4._o and_o the_o 2_o h._n 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what_o man_n may_v say_v of_o themselves_o or_o pass_v under_o common_a estimation_n of_o man_n but_o what_o upon_o serious_a examinition_n of_o the_o question_n shall_v be_v find_v to_o be_v true_a i_o shall_v endeavour_v to_o make_v it_o appear_v that_o many_o who_o hold_v land_n in_o cap_n per_fw-la baroniam_fw-la or_o per_fw-la servitium_fw-la baroniae_fw-la be_v not_o ennoble_v in_o blood_n nor_o have_v right_o to_o demand_v their_o writ_n of_o summons_n as_o the_o noble_a baron_n have_v but_o be_v to_o expect_v the_o king_n will_n and_o pleasure_n and_o be_v often_o leave_v out_o these_o be_v secundae_fw-la dignitatis_fw-la barones_n or_o baron_n by_o tenure_n only_o of_o which_o some_o may_v probable_o be_v adopt_v into_o the_o nobilitas_fw-la major_n afterward_o as_o barones_n adscriptij_fw-la yet_o at_o first_o be_v not_o so_o and_o this_o be_v to_o they_o a_o honour_n but_o to_o the_o bishop_n a_o burden_n who_o hold_v their_o land_n free_v before_o and_o have_v no_o honour_n 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honour_n in_o their_o several_a country_n before_o the_o bishop_n i_o conceive_v be_v not_o under_o any_o of_o these_o rank_n but_o be_v call_v to_o parliament_n ratione_fw-la episcopalis_fw-la dignitatis_fw-la not_o ratione_fw-la tenurae_fw-la only_o of_o which_o they_o complain_v as_o a_o burden_n creation_n they_o have_v none_o to_o any_o high_a honour_n than_o episcopal_n their_o tenure_n can_v not_o give_v they_o a_o great_a honour_n than_o to_o be_v barones_n minores_fw-la or_o baron_n peer_n neither_o can_v i_o find_v in_o any_o act_n of_o parliament_n or_o record_n that_o they_o be_v call_v lord_n before_o the_o time_n of_o rich._n ii_o and_o then_o first_o call_v lord_n spiritual_a to_o show_v their_o honour_n arise_v from_o their_o spiritual_a function_n and_o not_o from_o any_o temporal_a possession_n nor_o the_o name_n of_o baron_n apply_v to_o they_o except_v by_o themselves_o who_o perhaps_o find_v the_o burden_n of_o their_o service_n which_o before_o be_v free_a be_v 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cap._n per_fw-la baroniam_fw-la or_o part_n of_o a_o barony_n he_o can_v not_o have_v be_v summon_v at_o all_o as_o a_o member_n of_o parliament_n whether_o his_o plea_n be_v allow_v do_v not_o appear_v upon_o the_o record_n but_o by_o this_o and_o some_o other_o record_n in_o my_o hand_n to_o the_o same_o purpose_n it_o seem_v to_o i_o that_o many_o that_o hold_v per_fw-la baroniam_fw-la be_v not_o baron_n but_o at_o the_o best_a banneret_n or_o baron_n peer_n i_o can_v find_v by_o my_o utmost_a search_n that_o any_o thing_n hitherto_o have_v madeit_n apparent_a that_o barony_n be_v ever_o annex_v to_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o bishop_n but_o man_n have_v general_o take_v it_o for_o grant_v that_o they_o be_v so_o they_o say_v that_o william_n the_o first_o soon_o after_o his_o reception_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n do_v introduce_v new_a tenor_n and_o establish_v county_n and_o barony_n and_o do_v then_o order_v that_o bishop_n and_o the_o parliamentary_a clergy_n shall_v hold_v per_fw-la baroniam_fw-la or_o sicut_fw-la baroniam_fw-la which_o the_o learned_a mr._n selden_n say_v in_o the_o language_n of_o those_o time_n signify_v the_o same_o thing_n for_o he_o say_v that_o tenere_fw-la de_fw-la rege_fw-la in_o capite_fw-la and_o habere_fw-la possessiones_fw-la sicut_fw-la baroniam_fw-la and_o to_o be_v a_o baron_n according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o those_o time_n be_v synonimous_a seld._n tit._n hon._n part_n 2._o pag._n 704_o 704._o cook_n hakewell_n and_o other_o say_v they_o hold_v per_fw-la baroniam_fw-la but_o the_o proof_n any_o that_o i_o have_v meet_v with_o offer_v to_o make_v good_a this_o division_n by_o william_n or_o that_o tenure_n per_fw-la baroniam_fw-la do_v infer_v more_o when_o a_o minor_a baron_n in_o my_o judgement_n be_v not_o cogent_a what_o they_o urge_v be_v take_v out_o of_o wendover_n and_o from_o he_o transcribe_v by_o matth._n paris_n ed._n he_o first_o great_o blame_v the_o act_n of_o william_n have_v these_o word_n episcopatus_fw-la &_o abbatias_fw-la omnes_fw-la quae_fw-la baronias_fw-la tenebant_fw-la &_o catenus_fw-la ab_fw-la omni_fw-la servitute_fw-la saeculari_fw-la libertatem_fw-la habuerant_fw-la sub_fw-la servitute_fw-la statuit_fw-la militar_n irrotulans_fw-la singulos_fw-la episcopatus_fw-la &_o abbatias_fw-la pro_fw-la voluntate_fw-la suâ_fw-la quot_fw-la milites_fw-la sibi_fw-la &_o successoribus_fw-la suis_fw-la hostilitatis_fw-la tempore_fw-la voluit_fw-la a_o singulis_fw-la exhiberi_fw-la that_o be_v he_o establish_v under_o military_a service_n all_o bishopric_n and_o abbey_n which_o hold_v barony_n and_o at_o that_o time_n have_v freedom_n from_o all_o secular_a service_n inrol_v they_o all_o and_o appoint_v according_a to_o his_o pleasure_n what_o soldier_n in_o time_n of_o war_n they_o shall_v several_o find_v unto_o he_o and_o his_o successor_n mr._n selden_n find_v the_o contradiction_n in_o these_o word_n that_o their_o barony_n which_o shall_v have_v keep_v they_o as_o he_o think_v free_a from_o secular_a service_n as_o the_o word_n import_v be_v the_o only_a thing_n that_o bind_v they_o to_o it_o think_v there_o aught_o to_o be_v a_o parenthesis_n after_o baronias_n in_o purâ_fw-la &_o perpetuâ_fw-la eleemosina_fw-la &_o eatenus_fw-la ab_fw-la omni_fw-la servitio_fw-la saeculari_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o make_v the_o word_n run_v thus_o all_o bishop_n and_o abbey_n that_o hold_v barony_n in_o frankalmoign_n and_o in_o that_o respect_n free_v from_o all_o secular_a service_n etc._n etc._n and_o back_n this_o conjecture_n by_o the_o authority_n of_o mr._n cambden_n who_o he_o conceive_v may_v have_v see_v some_o copy_n where_o those_o word_n be_v but_o he_o need_v not_o have_v put_v himself_o to_o the_o trouble_n of_o that_o conjecture_n have_v he_o translate_v eatenus_fw-la at_o temporis_fw-la that_o time_n as_o the_o word_n signify_v and_o never_o that_o i_o know_v in_o that_o respect_n however_o find_v further_o that_o this_o will_v not_o take_v away_o all_o doubt_n because_o the_o word_n refer_v not_o to_o all_o bishopric_n and_o abbey_n but_o to_o such_o only_a as_o then_o possess_v
opinion_n have_v be_v some_o herald_n and_o have_v contend_v that_o by_o the_o writ_n of_o summons_n the_o person_n be_v ennoble_v and_o if_o his_o descendants_n be_v so_o call_v for_o three_o descent_n the_o blood_n be_v ennoble_v i_o conceive_v this_o opinion_n to_o be_v erroneous_a for_o it_o be_v against_o a_o maxim_n in_o law_n that_o the_o king_n shall_v pass_v any_o thing_n by_o implication_n and_o as_o unreasonable_a to_o believe_v he_o may_v not_o have_v liberty_n to_o require_v the_o counsel_n of_o his_o subject_n without_o confer_v a_o honour_n upon_o they_o he_o do_v not_o intend_v beside_o it_o will_v hence_o follow_v that_o during_o divers_a parliament_n of_o edw._n 1._o almost_o all_o in_o edw._n 2._o and_o many_o in_o edw._n 3._o all_o the_o judge_n king_n sergeant_n and_o many_o other_o be_v ennoble_v for_o they_o have_v the_o same_o writ_n the_o baron_n have_v yet_o be_v never_o account_v such_o nay_o be_v often_o after_o such_o summon_v omit_v the_o know_a case_n of_o mounthermer_n be_v very_o pertinent_a to_o our_o purpose_n who_o have_v marry_v the_o relict_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o gloster_n who_o have_v a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o earldom_n in_o jointure_n her_o husband_n be_v summon_v as_o a_o earl_n during_o the_o minority_n of_o her_o son_n but_o after_o he_o come_v of_o age_n mounthermer_n be_v summon_v as_o a_o baron_n baron_n during_o his_o own_o life_n and_o after_o whole_o omit_v in_o his_o descendants_n if_o it_o be_v say_v that_o his_o summons_n ennoble_v he_o but_o in_o regard_v his_o descendants_n be_v not_o call_v the_o blood_n be_v not_o ennoble_v what_o will_v they_o then_o say_v to_o the_o case_n of_o radulphus_fw-la de_fw-fr camois_n who_o be_v summon_v and_o his_o son_n after_o he_o in_o 7_o edw._n 2._o yet_o in_o 2._o 7_o rich._n 2._o claus._n memb._n 32._o in_o dor_n thomas_n camoi_v the_o grandchild_n be_v choose_v one_o of_o the_o knight_n for_o surrey_n and_o discharge_v by_o the_o king_n be_v write_v because_o he_o and_o his_o ancestor_n be_v baronet_n and_o the_o say_v thomas_n be_v summon_v and_o serve_v in_o that_o parliament_n 2._o not_o as_o a_o baron_n but_o as_o a_o baron_n peer_n or_o baronet_n which_o be_v a_o inferior_a sort_n of_o honour_n and_o signisy_v the_o same_o 344._o thing_n that_o tenant_n in_o cap._n do_v in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n john_n but_o that_o these_o sort_n of_o peer_n be_v sometime_o summon_v and_o sometime_o omit_v at_o the_o king_n pleasure_n the_o only_a difference_n be_v that_o which_o appear_v when_o they_o come_v thither_o the_o one_o appear_v viz._n the_o inheritable_a baron_n in_o their_o robe_n the_o other_o not_o but_o in_o habit_n different_a from_o the_o baron_n now_o that_o there_o be_v this_o difference_n be_v make_v plain_a by_o those_o authority_n shall_v be_v produce_v under_o the_o next_o head_n which_o be_v that_o there_o be_v a_o sort_n of_o person_n call_v baron_n who_o be_v so_o by_o tenure_n only_o that_o be_v to_o say_v who_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o cap._n and_o have_v such_o a_o number_n of_o knights-fee_n and_o upon_o that_o account_n be_v summon_v as_o baron_n or_o rather_o as_o baron_n peer_n mr._n selden_n seem_v to_o 690._o say_v in_o his_o tit._n hon._n part_n 2._o sect._n 17._o pag._n 690._o that_o all_o honorary_a baron_n of_o that_o time_n whereof_o he_o speak_v be_v for_o aught_o appear_v baron_n only_o by_o tenure_n the_o word_n be_v cautelous_a and_o his_o expression_n as_o become_v a_o learned_a man_n wary_o set_v down_o first_o honorary_a baron_n viz._n such_o as_o have_v the_o honorary_a name_n of_o baron_n but_o not_o the_o blood_n for_o such_o i_o take_v his_o meaning_n to_o be_v because_o he_o give_v we_o no_o definition_n of_o honorary_a baron_n nor_o why_o if_o it_o be_v admit_v that_o baron_n have_v their_o beginning_n from_o the_o number_n of_o knight_n fee_n which_o they_o hold_v why_o earl_n have_v not_o the_o like_a beginning_n who_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o cap._n as_o well_o as_o the_o other_o now_o that_o there_o be_v a_o clear_a distinction_n between_o baron_n ennoble_v in_o blood_n and_o those_o that_o hold_v only_o in_o cap._n the_o one_o we_o find_v call_v barones_n majores_fw-la the_o great_a baron_n the_o other_o barones_n minores_fw-la lesser_o baron_n the_o red_a book_n in_o the_o exchequer_n or_o remembrancer_n office_n attribute_v to_o gervasius_n tilburiensis_n speak_v of_o it_o as_o a_o undoubted_a truth_n quidam_fw-la etc._n etc._n some_o hold_n of_o the_o king_n in_o cap._n thing_n belong_v to_o the_o crown_n to_o wit_v great_a or_o lesser_a baron_n quidam_fw-la enim_fw-la de_fw-la rege_fw-la tenent_fw-la in_o 13._o capite_fw-la quae_fw-la ad_fw-la coronam_fw-la pertinent_a barones_n scil_n majores_fw-la seu_fw-la minores_fw-la by_o which_o it_o appear_v they_o both_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o cap._n yet_o be_v distinguish_v into_o great_a or_o lesser_a fitstephens_n in_o the_o life_n of_o thomas_n of_o becket_n 11._o chap._n 11._o mention_n secundae_fw-la dignitatis_fw-la barones_n baron_n of_o a_o second_o degree_n matth._n paris_n anno_fw-la 1215_o have_v these_o word_n 1215._o summoneri_fw-la faciemus_fw-la archiepiscopos_fw-la episcopos_fw-la abbates_n comites_fw-la &_o majores_fw-la barones_n regni_fw-la sigillatim_fw-la per_fw-la literas_fw-la nostras_fw-la et_fw-la praeterea_fw-la faciemus_fw-la submoneri_fw-la in_o generali_fw-la per_fw-la vicecomites_fw-la &_o ballivos_fw-la nostros_fw-la omnes_fw-la alios_fw-la qui_fw-la in_o cap._n tenent_fw-la de_fw-la nobis_fw-la ad_fw-la certum_fw-la diem_fw-la here_o we_o see_v two_o different_a sort_n of_o baron_n the_o one_o summon_v by_o the_o king_n be_v write_v the_o other_o by_o the_o sheriff_n the_o first_o sort_n by_o writ_n seal_v by_o the_o chancellor_n the_o rest_n by_o writ_n to_o the_o sheriff_n yet_o both_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la but_o certain_o omnes_fw-la qui_fw-la de_fw-la rege_fw-la tenent_fw-la in_o capite_fw-la must_v be_v understand_v with_o a_o reasonable_a restriction_n for_o it_o will_v be_v very_o evident_a to_o any_o man_n who_o shall_v examine_v the_o inquisition_n post_fw-la mortem_fw-la remain_v in_o the_o tower_n that_o much_o land_n hold_v per_fw-la baroniam_fw-la be_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o private_a man_n who_o be_v never_o repute_v baron_n neither_o can_v these_o inquisition_n be_v understand_v of_o tenor_n from_o mesne_n lord_n and_o not_o from_o the_o king_n because_o all_o tenor_n per_fw-la baroniam_fw-la be_v tenor_n in_o capite_fw-la which_o must_v be_v from_o the_o king_n beside_o if_o the_o tenure_n of_o land_n make_v a_o baron_n why_o be_v not_o the_o purchaser_n of_o those_o land_n by_o the_o king_n licence_n of_o alienation_n ever_o after_o the_o stat._n of_o quia_fw-la emptores_fw-la terrarum_fw-la call_v to_o parliament_n as_o baron_n the_o case_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o arundel_n 11_o hen._n 6._o will_v not_o mend_v the_o matter_n for_o his_o ancestor_n be_v create_v by_o writ_n and_o the_o castle_n entail_v upon_o he_o so_o that_o he_o be_v call_v to_o parliament_n not_o by_o have_v the_o land_n only_o but_o by_o virtue_n of_o the_o creation_n of_o his_o ancestor_n and_o the_o entail_v upon_o it_o in_o so_o much_o that_o i_o still_o conceive_v that_o the_o ancient_a nobility_n from_o whatsoever_o beginning_n it_o arise_v be_v make_v inheritable_a by_o creation_n and_o investiture_n of_o robe_n upon_o which_o sometime_o follow_v cnarter_n which_o direct_v how_o it_o shall_v descend_v and_o the_o confusion_n in_o historian_n have_v proceed_v from_o their_o not_o distinguish_v baron_n from_o baron_n peer_n so_o call_v not_o from_o their_o parity_n in_o honour_n but_o in_o estate_n and_o tenure_n but_o want_v investiture_n be_v call_v or_o leave_v out_o at_o the_o pleasure_n of_o the_o king_n this_o distinction_n be_v clear_o mention_v in_o the_o old_a modus_fw-la tenendi_fw-la parliamentorum_fw-la print_v by_o mr._n hakewell_n summoneri_fw-la 4._o debent_fw-la omnes_fw-la &_o singuli_fw-la comites_fw-la &_o barones_n &_o eorum_fw-la pares_fw-la all_o earl_n and_o baron_n ought_v to_o be_v summon_v as_o also_o their_o peer_n i_o know_v the_o authority_n of_o this_o treatise_n have_v be_v question_v by_o some_o learned_a man_n but_o by_o none_o with_o more_o violence_n and_o less_o reason_n than_o by_o mr._n prin_fw-mi in_o his_o four_o part_n of_o his_o register_n of_o writ_n etc._n p._n 591._o to_o which_o easy_a answer_n may_v be_v give_v if_o we_o consider_v the_o translator_n out_o 743_o of_o the_o saxon_a tongue_n may_v easy_o translate_v word_n which_o they_o think_v of_o a_o equivalent_a signification_n by_o word_n in_o use_n at_o that_o time_n as_o wittena_n gemot_n for_o parliament_n and_o the_o like_a other_o of_o as_o great_a judgement_n have_v as_o strenuous_o defend_v the_o authority_n of_o it_o sir_n edward_n cook_n in_o his_o jurisdiction_n court_n of_o the_o court_n of_o parliament_n strong_o defend_v its_o antiquity_n and_o mr._n hakewell_n pag._n 135._o
testify_v to_o have_v see_v a_o exemplification_n 135._o of_o it_o under_o the_o great_a seal_n of_o ireland_n in_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o four_o testify_v the_o same_o to_o have_v be_v send_v into_o ireland_n by_o henry_n the_o second_o for_o a_o form_n of_o hold_v parliament_n in_o that_o kingdom_n so_o that_o we_o must_v either_o admit_v the_o great_a seal_n of_o ireland_n to_o be_v forge_v or_o confess_v the_o modus_fw-la as_o ancient_a as_o henry_n the_o second_o be_v 1133._o time_o many_o admit_v that_o it_o be_v send_v into_o ireland_n as_o a_o modus_fw-la for_o that_o country_n but_o be_v not_o so_o for_o england_n which_o seem_v to_o i_o unreasonable_a it_o not_o be_v likely_a we_o shall_v give_v they_o a_o pattern_n different_a from_o our_o own_o who_o now_o observe_v most_o of_o the_o rule_n there_o give_v daniel_n anno_fw-la 1133_o in_o the_o life_n of_o henry_n the_o first_o will_v tell_v you_o that_o in_o his_o time_n the_o word_n parliament_n begin_v to_o be_v in_o use_n after_o the_o convocation_n of_o his_o parliament_n at_o salisbury_n in_o the_o 15_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n nay_o much_o ancient_a even_o as_o old_a as_o canutus_n if_o we_o believe_v the_o old_a book_n of_o sir_n edmundsbury_n who_o in_o the_o five_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n summon_v all_o his_o prelate_n noble_n and_o great_a man_n to_o his_o parliament_n as_o you_o may_v see_v more_o large_a full_o right_n of_o the_o crown_n p._n 100_o by_o all_o which_o of_o much_o more_o that_o may_v be_v add_v we_o may_v see_v how_o dangerous_a it_o be_v to_o judge_v of_o book_n by_o the_o promiscuous_a use_n of_o word_n i_o have_v make_v this_o short_a digression_n to_o the_o end_n that_o what_o i_o shall_v say_v hereafter_o may_v be_v make_v clear_a i_o shall_v now_o apply_v myself_o to_o the_o case_n of_o the_o clergy_n and_o consider_v their_o right_n to_o sit_v in_o parliament_n this_o right_n of_o they_o must_v grow_v since_o the_o conquest_n from_o the_o tenure_n of_o their_o land_n in_o capite_fw-la sicut_fw-la baroniam_fw-la and_o consequent_o they_o can_v be_v reckon_v but_o among_o the_o baron_n by_o tenure_n and_o be_v not_o proper_o baron_n but_o peer_n no_o way_n ennoble_v in_o blood_n nor_o of_o long_a continuance_n than_o the_o foundation_n upon_o which_o the_o tenure_n be_v build_v continue_v thus_o we_o see_v in_o the_o dissolution_n of_o monastery_n the_o tenure_n be_v extinguish_v the_o same_o in_o bishopric_n as_o that_o of_o westminster_n and_o other_o where_o the_o corporation_n be_v dissolve_v the_o tenure_n as_o to_o they_o be_v extinguish_v i_o know_v very_o well_o they_o will_v not_o now_o be_v think_v to_o sit_v ratione_fw-la episcop_n dignitatis_fw-la as_o bishop_n but_o as_o baron_n in_o that_o famous_a wrangle_n at_o northampton_n touch_v becket_n who_o shall_v pronounce_v sentence_n against_o he_o the_o bishop_n tell_v the_o lord_n non_fw-la sedemus_fw-la hic_fw-la episcopi_fw-la say_v barones_n nos_fw-la barones_n &_o vos_fw-fr barones_n pares_fw-la hic_fw-la sumus_fw-la fit_v 706._o cap._n 10._o col_fw-fr 2._o seld._n tit._n hon._n part_n 2._o cap._n 5._o pag._n 706._o we_o sit_v not_o here_o bishop_n but_o baron_n dignitatis_fw-la we_o baron_n and_o you_o baron_n be_v here_o peer_n or_o equal_n not_o mean_v by_o these_o word_n that_o they_o be_v otherwise_o peer_n than_o such_o as_o their_o tenure_n make_v they_o which_o be_v only_o to_o hold_v in_o cap._n sicut_fw-la baroniam_fw-la or_o in_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o barony_n for_o although_o that_o tenere_fw-la per_fw-la baroniam_fw-la &_o sicut_fw-la baroniam_fw-la perhaps_o be_v all_o one_o neither_o of_o they_o imply_v a_o barony_n but_o only_o the_o service_n of_o a_o barony_n which_o the_o bishop_n by_o their_o tenure_n be_v bind_v to_o perform_v as_o also_o the_o abbot_n and_o i_o be_o the_o more_o confirm_v in_o this_o opinion_n because_o i_o do_v not_o find_v that_o any_o examination_n be_v make_v what_o their_o possession_n be_v nor_o of_o how_o many_o knight_n fee_n they_o consist_v but_o be_v they_o more_o or_o less_o the_o tenure_n be_v the_o same_o whereas_o it_o be_v probable_a the_o possession_n of_o some_o be_v above_o twenty_o knight_n fee_n the_o rate_n of_o a_o earl_n other_o less_o than_o thirteen_o yet_o still_o the_o tenure_n and_o peerage_n be_v the_o same_o neither_o be_v any_o record_n or_o patent_n produce_v nor_o i_o think_v can_v be_v where_o any_o barony_n be_v annex_v to_o their_o possession_n it_o be_v evident_a that_o out_o of_o one_o bishopric_n other_o have_v be_v take_v as_o peterborough_n out_o of_o lincoln_n oxford_z out_o of_o gloster_n yet_o these_o bishop_n come_v to_o parliament_n and_o still_o under_o the_o same_o tenure_n and_o service_n in_o edward_n the_o sixth_n time_n cranmer_n have_v his_o episcopal_a dignity_n during_o pleasure_n be_v he_o than_o a_o baron_n at_o will_n we_o may_v safe_o conclude_v from_o the_o complaint_n of_o all_o historian_n of_o those_o time_n that_o tenure_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o their_o service_n which_o arise_v by_o it_o be_v put_v upon_o they_o c._n as_o a_o burden_n not_o as_o a_o honour_n but_o impose_v upon_o they_o to_o make_v they_o know_v they_o be_v subject_n which_o they_o can_v hardly_o be_v bring_v to_o believe_v have_v such_o dependence_n upon_o rome_n yet_o be_v it_o not_o think_v fit_a whole_o to_o exclude_v they_o from_o all_o council_n and_o therefore_o this_o expedient_a be_v find_v out_o that_o they_o shall_v hold_v their_o land_n by_o do_v such_o service_n as_o baron_n do_v and_o sit_v among_o they_o in_o parliament_n in_o the_o nature_n of_o baron_n which_o they_o improve_v afterward_o to_o the_o appellation_n of_o themselves_o by_o the_o name_n of_o baron_n but_o never_o can_v to_o equal_a privilege_n with_o those_o person_n who_o be_v true_o such_o petrus_n blesensis_n in_o his_o tractate_n the_o institutione_n episcopali_fw-la have_v these_o word_n which_o i_o have_v occasion_n to_o cite_v more_o at_o large_a towards_o the_o end_n of_o this_o treatise_n pag._n 129._o quidam_fw-la episcopi_fw-la regum_fw-la munificentias_fw-la &_o eleemosynas_fw-la antiquorum_fw-la use_n abusiuè_fw-la baronias_fw-la &_o regalia_z vocant_fw-la &_o in_o occasione_n turpissimae_fw-la servitutis_fw-la se_fw-la ipsos_fw-la barones_n vocant_fw-la some_o bishop_n abusive_o call_v the_o bounty_n of_o prince_n and_o the_o alm_n of_o their_o ancestor_n barony_n and_o royalty_n and_o take_v occasion_n from_o that_o base_a slavery_n he_o mean_v certain_o the_o slavery_n in_o perform_v those_o service_n put_v upon_o they_o by_o their_o tenure_n call_v themselves_o baron_n this_o he_o much_o and_o large_o inveigh_v against_o from_o all_o which_o it_o may_v reasonable_o be_v collect_v that_o they_o give_v themselves_o that_o title_n rather_o than_o that_o it_o be_v give_v they_o by_o the_o king_n who_o yet_o sit_v in_o parliament_n together_o with_o the_o other_o baron_n not_o as_o a_o distinct_a estate_n from_o they_o but_o involve_v with_o they_o as_o part_v of_o a_o three_o estate_n which_o be_v entire_o represent_v in_o convocation_n for_o it_o seem_v to_o i_o very_o clear_o that_o they_o never_o be_v a_o distinct_a estate_n in_o parliament_n if_o law_n by_o parliament_n you_o understand_v that_o part_n of_o it_o which_o consist_v of_o count_n and_o baron_n yet_o be_v they_o the_o chief_a and_o principal_a part_n of_o a_o three_o estate_n in_o parliament_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o convocation_n which_o begin_v continue_v and_o end_v with_o it_o and_o where_o their_o debate_n gift_n to_o the_o king_n and_o other_o transaction_n bind_v only_o their_o own_o body_n neither_o be_v it_o reasonable_a to_o believe_v they_o a_o three_o estate_n here_o otherwise_o than_o they_o be_v so_o account_v in_o other_o part_n of_o the_o world_n to_o wit_n a_o part_n of_o that_o body_n the_o clergy_n who_o be_v a_o select_a portion_n or_o lot_n of_o the_o lord_n and_o ambassador_n of_o christ_n look_v upon_o themselves_o as_o not_o accountable_a to_o any_o secular_a tribunal_n neither_o be_v it_o material_a whether_o they_o sit_v mix_v with_o the_o laity_n as_o perhaps_o they_o have_v sometime_o do_v for_o this_o can_v alter_v their_o be_v a_o three_o estate_n as_o clergyman_n let_v their_o vote_n be_v gather_v together_o or_o apart_o indeed_o i_o can_v see_v how_o it_o be_v possible_a they_o shall_v be_v a_o three_o estate_n in_o that_o house_n where_o they_o sit_v among_o the_o lord_n for_o beside_o their_o unwillingness_n to_o own_o that_o they_o sit_v as_o bishop_n but_o as_o baron_n i_o will_v fain_o have_v any_o man_n tell_v i_o how_o it_o come_v to_o be_v so_o dr._n heylin_n will_v tell_v you_o that_o clerus_fw-la be_v never_o take_v stumbling-block_n for_o the_o bishop_n distinct_a from_o the_o other_o clergy_n by_o what_o title_n do_v they_o then_o claim_v it_o by_o any_o grant_n from_o the_o king_n that_o shall_v be_v produce_v
their_o share_n in_o make_v new_a one_o this_o one_o will_v think_v be_v enough_o to_o content_v they_o without_o desire_v to_o have_v a_o judicial_a power_n in_o case_n of_o blood_n which_o i_o doubt_v not_o to_o prove_v be_v by_o law_n forbid_v they_o but_o i_o fear_v the_o charge_v this_o desire_n upon_o 61._o they_o be_v rather_o a_o artifice_n of_o their_o enemy_n who_o by_o assix_v this_o calumny_n upon_o they_o which_o indeed_o be_v not_o their_o design_n labour_v to_o lessen_v they_o in_o the_o estimation_n of_o the_o world_n and_o by_o that_o mean_n bring_v into_o contempt_n both_o their_o person_n and_o calling_n many_o example_n i_o confess_v be_v give_v where_o christian_a emperor_n and_o prince_n have_v make_v use_n of_o the_o service_n of_o bishop_n as_o counsellor_n chancellor_n and_o chief_a justice_n and_o the_o like_a but_o upon_o examination_n it_o will_v appear_v that_o as_o to_o our_o own_o kingdom_n the_o office_n of_o these_o person_n be_v much_o mistake_v the_o 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prince_n be_v bind_v be_v not_o my_o task_n to_o inquire_v but_o only_o how_o far_o that_o of_o their_o not_o meddle_v in_o blood_n be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o this_o kingdom_n and_o observe_v here_o but_o what_o i_o have_v say_v in_o this_o chapter_n especial_o as_o to_o the_o barony_n of_o bishop_n i_o have_v deliver_v by_o way_n of_o proposal_n not_o determination_n and_o upon_o a_o clear_a answer_n of_o my_o reason_n shall_v be_v ready_a to_o retract_v any_o thing_n i_o have_v write_v chap._n ii_o i_o come_v now_o to_o the_o examination_n of_o his_o second_o chapter_n in_o which_o the_o recognition_n make_v at_o the_o parliament_n hold_v at_o clarendon_n come_v under_o examination_n together_o with_o the_o protestation_n make_v 11_o r._n 2._o i_o call_v it_o a_o parliament_n because_o i_o find_v it_o general_o so_o esteem_v by_o our_o best_a lawyer_n and_o i_o think_v deny_v to_o be_v so_o by_o very_a few_o mr._n selden_n call_v it_o that_o great_a parliament_n 703._o at_o clarendon_n tit._n hon._n part_n 2._o ch_z 5._o p._n 703._o the_o first_o edit_n in_o fol._n coo._n 2._o instit._n ch_n 2._o p._n 6._o and_o in_o many_o other_o place_n hoveden_n say_v there_o meet_v clerus_fw-la &_o populus_fw-la angliae_fw-la where_o note_n he_o make_v clerus_fw-la comprehend_v bishop_n abbot_n and_o all_o ecclesiastical_a person_n and_o populus_fw-la both_o lord_n and_o commons_o contrary_a to_o what_o dr._n brady_n have_v assert_v but_o very_o weak_o prove_v but_o before_o i_o enter_v into_o a_o more_o narrow_a examination_n of_o this_o statute_n i_o think_v it_o not_o amiss_o to_o give_v a_o short_a account_n of_o the_o history_n of_o those_o time_n from_o william_n the_o first_o to_o the_o ten_o year_n of_o hen._n the_o second_o when_o this_o meeting_n be_v with_o relation_n only_o can_v to_o the_o king_n and_o the_o church_n it_o will_v not_o be_v deny_v that_o william_n the_o first_o disclaim_v all_o title_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n by_o conquest_n and_o swear_v to_o observe_v the_o law_n of_o edw._n the_o confessor_n which_o be_v our_o law_n before_o yet_o notwithstanding_o it_o be_v general_o agree_v that_o he_o erect_v tenor_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o barony_n and_o that_o among_o other_o he_o oblige_v the_o bishop_n who_o before_o hold_v their_o land_n in_o frankalmoign_n to_o do_v service_n to_o his_o court_n and_o to_o hold_v their_o land_n in_o cap._n sicut_fw-la baroniam_fw-la and_o not_o to_o make_v their_o so_o frequent_a appeal_n to_o rome_n and_o journey_n thither_o without_o his_o licence_n be_v a_o thing_n contrary_n to_o the_o know_a law_n of_o his_o kingdom_n which_o be_v make_v evident_a by_o sir_n edward_n cook_n in_o cawdryes_n schism_n case_n and_o sir_n roger_n twysden_n in_o his_o vindication_n of_o the_o church_n of_o england_n in_o point_n of_o schism_n these_o be_v the_o servitutes_fw-la ecclesiasticae_fw-la and_o the_o pessimae_fw-la consuetudines_fw-la so_o much_o complain_v of_o by_o mat._n paris_n and_o other_o monk_n of_o that_o age._n but_o however_o so_o it_o stand_v during_o the_o time_n of_o will._n the_o first_o will._n the_o second_o and_o hen._n the_o first_o after_o who_o death_n stephen_n without_o any_o right_n and_o contrary_a to_o their_o oath_n make_v to_o maud_n daughter_n to_o henry_n the_o first_o then_o alive_a by_o the_o aid_n of_o the_o bishop_n get_v into_o the_o throne_n and_o by_o their_o power_n be_v keep_v there_o till_o a_o composition_n be_v make_v with_o maud._n in_o recompense_n of_o this_o their_o breach_n of_o oath_n stephen_n free_v they_o and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o clergy_n from_o answer_v in_o any_o other_o court_v but_o ecclesiastical_a by_o which_o judge_n they_o now_o look_v upon_o themselves_o as_o free_v from_o the_o secular_a power_n because_o they_o be_v answerable_a for_o no_o offence_n but_o in_o their_o court_n in_o this_o state_n of_o thing_n stephen_n die_v and_o hen._n the_o second_o son_n to_o maud_n according_a to_o capitulation_n be_v receive_v to_o the_o crown_n who_o after_o he_o have_v settle_v his_o affair_n in_o normandy_n resolve_v to_o do_v the_o like_a in_o england_n but_o fear_v some_o opposition_n to_o his_o design_n may_v arise_v from_o the_o clergy_n he_o first_o call_v together_o a_o assembly_n or_o council_n at_o westminster_n in_o the_o nine_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n where_o he_o propound_v that_o all_o such_o of_o the_o clergy_n as_o shall_v be_v take_v and_o convict_v for_o any_o heinous_a crime_n shall_v lose_v the_o privilege_n of_o the_o church_n and_o be_v deliver_v to_o the_o civil_a magistrate_n to_o be_v punish_v for_o their_o offence_n as_o other_o the_o king_n subject_n be_v to_o this_o the_o archbishop_n becket_n with_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o brethren_n refuse_v to_o give_v their_o consent_n as_o be_v against_o the_o liberty_n of_o the_o church_n which_o be_v confirm_v to_o they_o by_o king_n stephen_n charter_n this_o answer_v put_v the_o king_n to_o a_o second_o question_n whether_o the_o archbishop_n and_o bishop_n will_v submit_v themselves_o to_o the_o law_n and_o custom_n observe_v by_o they_o in_o the_o time_n of_o his_o grandfather_n henry_n the_o first_o they_o answer_v equivocal_o they_o will_v their_o order_n the_o honour_n of_o god_n and_o the_o holy_a church_n in_o all_o thing_n save_v with_o which_o answer_n the_o king_n be_v more_o enrage_v but_o the_o news_n of_o this_o breach_n come_v to_o rome_n the_o pope_n write_v and_o send_v a_o messenger_n from_o rome_n charge_v the_o archbishop_n to_o make_v peace_n with_o his_o lord_n the_o king_n and_o to_o promise_v to_o observe_v his_o law_n without_o exception_n the_o archbishop_n thus_o humble_v repair_v to_o the_o king_n at_o woodstock_n and_o there_o promise_v to_o observe_v the_o king_n law_n so_o far_o forth_o as_o be_v require_v upon_o this_o submission_n the_o king_n have_v before_o break_v up_o his_o council_n at_o westminster_n summon_v this_o parliament_n to_o meet_v at_o clarendon_n in_o the_o ten_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n where_o he_o give_v in_o charge_n that_o they_o shall_v call_v to_o mind_n and_o put_v in_o execution_n and_o write_v the_o law_n of_o his_o grandfather_n henry_n the_o first_o of_o which_o these_o follow_v be_v the_o chief_a first_o that_o there_o shall_v be_v no_o appeal_n to_o rome_n without_o the_o king_n leave_n that_o layman_n may_v handle_v case_n of_o tithe_n that_o no_o archbishop_n or_o bishop_n shall_v excommunicate_v any_o person_n who_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o cap._n or_o interdict_v any_o official_a of_o his_o without_o his_o leave_n etc._n etc._n the_o eleven_o of_o they_o be_v at_o large_a what_o we_o have_v now_o under_o consideration_n which_o i_o shall_v repeat_v and_o translate_v as_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v by_z and_o by_z but_o by_o this_o short_a relation_n i_o have_v make_v of_o the_o history_n of_o those_o
in_o convocation_n as_o i_o have_v sufficient_o i_o hope_v make_v appear_v pag._n 19_o 20_o etc._n etc._n of_o this_o discourse_n as_o also_o that_o they_o have_v the_o appellation_n of_o baron_n and_o peer_n not_o that_o they_o real_o be_v so_o which_o must_v have_v ennoble_v their_o blood_n but_o in_o respect_n of_o their_o tenure_n in_o capite_fw-la sicut_fw-la baroniam_fw-la or_o per_fw-la servitium_n baroniae_fw-la and_o for_o the_o most_o part_n so_o call_v by_o themselves_o only_o our_o author_n suggestion_n p._n 151._o that_o they_o sit_v in_o parliament_n in_o a_o double_a capacity_n 151._o as_o it_o be_v new_a so_o be_v it_o not_o solid_a he_o say_v when_o they_o sit_v in_o the_o house_n in_o a_o judicial_a way_n they_o sit_v only_o in_o the_o capacity_n of_o temporal_a baron_n and_o that_o this_o appear_v by_o the_o constitution_n of_o clarendon_n where_o the_o king_n require_v their_o attendance_n as_o his_o baron_n but_o that_o in_o their_o legislative_a way_n they_o have_v a_o far_a capacity_n as_o represent_v a_o three_o estate_n in_o parliament_n i_o say_v this_o fancy_n be_v new_a for_o i_o do_v not_o believe_v any_o before_o he_o look_v upon_o they_o as_o represent_v a_o three_o estate_n in_o parliament_n and_o not_o represent_v it_o i_o know_v they_o have_v be_v say_v to_o sit_v in_o respect_n of_o their_o possession_n which_o be_v temporal_a in_o their_o own_o nature_n but_o not_o so_o when_o give_v deo_n &_o ecclesiae_fw-la but_o that_o they_o sit_v in_o any_o other_o quality_n than_o spiritual_a person_n i_o never_o hear_v nor_o can_v conceive_v methinks_v if_o they_o have_v a_o capacity_n to_o sit_v in_o the_o quality_n of_o temporal_a baron_n they_o shall_v also_o have_v a_o capacity_n to_o change_v their_o spiritual_a robe_n and_o put_v on_o temporal_a the_o constitution_n of_o clarendon_n he_o say_v require_v their_o attendance_n in_o judicature_n as_o his_o baron_n and_o from_o thence_o will_v infer_v they_o sit_v in_o the_o quality_n of_o temporal_a baron_n but_o how_o do_v this_o follow_v i_o hope_v they_o may_v sit_v as_o spiritual_a baron_n but_o when_o all_o be_v do_v this_o allegation_n of_o he_o be_v not_o sincere_a for_o the_o word_n be_v debent_fw-la interest_n judiciis_fw-la curiae_fw-la regis_fw-la sicut_fw-la caeteri_fw-la barones_n or_o cum_fw-la caeteris_fw-la baronibus_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v it_o be_v their_o duty_n to_o be_v present_a in_o trial_n in_o the_o king_n court_n with_o the_o other_o baron_n or_o as_o the_o other_o baron_n be_v there_o present_a which_o word_n be_v far_o from_o infer_v that_o they_o sit_v there_o in_o the_o quality_n of_o temporal_a baron_n no_o more_o than_o the_o judge_n rather_o that_o they_o sit_v not_o as_o baron_n at_o all_o but_o only_o among_o they_o who_o be_v so_o it_o be_v evident_a therefore_o that_o his_o first_o argument_n draw_v from_o the_o constitution_n of_o clarendon_n be_v not_o solid_a his_o next_o 151._o suggestion_n that_o they_o be_v a_o three_o estate_n in_o parliament_n if_o by_o parliament_n he_o mean_v their_o convention_n in_o convocation_n from_o the_o issue_v out_o of_o writ_n to_o the_o guardian_n of_o the_o spiritualty_n in_o the_o vacancy_n of_o the_o episcopal_n see_v i_o shall_v not_o contend_v with_o he_o only_o i_o think_v it_o from_o hence_o plain_a that_o they_o have_v right_o to_o sit_v as_o member_n of_o the_o convocation_n proper_o where_o with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o brethren_n they_o make_v up_o a_o three_o estate_n in_o which_o writ_n there_o be_v general_o a_o clause_n of_o praemunientes_fw-la add_v to_o show_v that_o other_o clerk_n be_v to_o be_v choose_v to_o sit_v in_o convocation_n for_o which_o reason_n the_o guardian_n in_o their_o vacancy_n have_v their_o writ_n direct_v to_o they_o lest_o the_o convocation_n shall_v not_o be_v full_a now_o how_o this_o can_v prove_v they_o a_o three_o estate_n in_o the_o lord_n house_n i_o shall_v be_v glad_a this_o author_n will_v instruct_v i_o so_o that_o his_o conceit_n of_o their_o sit_v there_o in_o a_o double_a capacity_n be_v of_o no_o weight_n and_o all_o his_o precedent_n cite_v to_o that_o purpose_n may_v have_v be_v spare_v which_o do_v not_o in_o the_o least_o measure_n prove_v that_o the_o bishop_n sit_v in_o the_o lord_n house_n as_o a_o three_o estate_n because_o clerk_n shall_v be_v choose_v to_o sit_v in_o convocation_n by_o writ_n direct_v to_o the_o guardian_n of_o the_o spiritualty_n where_o there_o be_v no_o bishop_n or_o when_o they_o be_v beyond_o sea_n rather_o evince_v the_o necessity_n of_o a_o convocation_n to_o meet_v in_o consultation_n as_o to_o ecclesiastical_a matter_n which_o be_v only_o proper_a for_o their_o function_n last_o let_v it_o be_v observe_v that_o his_o quotation_n out_o of_o the_o author_n of_o the_o letter_n pag._n 93._o as_o to_o doctor_n standish_n his_o case_n be_v mistake_v the_o author_n word_n be_v the_o judge_n say_v the_o lord_n spiritual_a have_v no_o place_n in_o 184._o parliament_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o spiritualty_n in_o which_o respect_n in_o truth_n their_o place_n be_v in_o convocation_n but_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o temporal_a possession_n that_o be_v hold_v their_o tempoporal_a possession_n in_o nature_n of_o barony_n the_o scope_n of_o that_o book_n be_v to_o show_v that_o a_o parliament_n may_v be_v hold_v without_o they_o who_o indeed_o be_v no_o baron_n but_o have_v liberty_n to_o sit_v among_o they_o by_o a_o indulgence_n in_o respect_n of_o their_o possession_n and_o at_o last_o i_o be_o persuade_v our_o author_n will_v hardly_o be_v bind_v by_o that_o opinion_n for_o if_o that_o be_v true_a how_o can_v they_o sit_v there_o as_o a_o three_o estate_n if_o their_o right_n to_o sit_v there_o be_v only_o as_o temporal_a baron_n this_o authority_n be_v only_o from_o kelway_n 7_o hen._n 8._o 184._o see_v the_o case_n at_o large_a in_o burnet_n our_o grand_a questionist_n go_v on_o and_o endeavour_n 260._o to_o prove_v and_o clear_v that_o intricate_a matter_n as_o it_o have_v be_v make_v touch_v the_o interest_n the_o clergy_n then_o have_v in_o parliament_n as_o well_o as_o convocation_n but_o chief_o to_o prove_v that_o all_o the_o interest_n they_o have_v in_o parliament_n be_v not_o mere_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o their_o temporal_a barony_n which_o the_o bishop_n and_o many_o of_o the_o abbot_n than_o have_v this_o he_o say_v be_v the_o great_a but_o common_a mistake_n of_o the_o author_n of_o the_o letter_n it_o be_v first_o to_o be_v observe_v that_o he_o have_v not_o prove_v that_o to_o hold_v land_n by_o baron-service_n and_o to_o be_v a_o baron_n be_v all_o one_o which_o by_o i_o be_v leave_v doubtful_a as_o appear_v by_o what_o be_v say_v in_o the_o first_o chapter_n of_o this_o treatise_n neither_o see_v i_o any_o reason_n why_o tenere_fw-la per_fw-la baroniam_fw-la shall_v make_v a_o baron_n more_o than_o tenere_fw-la per_fw-la militare_fw-la servitium_n shall_v make_v a_o knight_n second_o that_o what_o he_o now_o say_v be_v only_o a_o pursuit_n of_o his_o precedent_a conceit_n that_o the_o bishop_n sit_v in_o the_o lord_n house_n in_o a_o double_a capacity_n because_o as_o he_o say_v there_o be_v a_o distinction_n make_v even_o in_o parliament_n between_o the_o several_a estate_n of_o the_o clergy_n and_o laity_n how_o far_o this_o be_v argumentative_a and_o how_o far_o his_o precedent_n warrant_v what_o he_o affirm_v i_o shall_v examine_v by_o and_o by_o only_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n will_v desire_v he_o to_o tell_v i_o whether_o they_o can_v come_v to_o parliament_n at_o all_o without_o first_o receive_v the_o king_n writ_n and_o in_o the_o next_o place_n whether_o the_o king_n be_v write_v imply_v any_o other_o capacity_n than_o as_o spiritual_a person_n hold_v their_o possession_n per_fw-la servitium_n baroniae_fw-la and_o vote_v among_o the_o lord_n in_o respect_n of_o their_o land_n which_o be_v in_o their_o own_o nature_n temporal_a estate_n in_o the_o hand_n of_o spiritual_a person_n but_o by_o their_o dedication_n to_o god_n make_v spiritual_a also_o which_o be_v as_o much_o as_o can_v be_v draw_v from_o what_o mr._n selden_n say_v in_o the_o place_n quote_v by_o our_o author_n pag._n 151._o that_o they_o meet_v as_o counsellor_n in_o the_o saxon_n time_n in_o their_o wittena_n gemot_n i_o will_v not_o deny_v but_o whether_o by_o virtue_n of_o any_o writ_n summons_n or_o rather_o by_o general_a allowance_n as_o counsellor_n or_o what_o other_o way_n he_o can_v prove_v record_n there_o be_v none_o or_o very_o few_o and_o historian_n give_v but_o a_o dark_a account_n of_o those_o time_n and_o thing_n than_o one_o but_o which_o way_n soever_o they_o then_o sit_v certain_o by_o william_n i._o their_o right_n of_o sit_v be_v much_o alter_v the_o frame_n of_o thing_n be_v in_o some_o measure_n alter_v also_o in_o so_o much_o that_o they_o
many_o all_o the_o grantee_n be_v tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o owe_v the_o same_o entire_a service_n that_o the_o first_o grantee_n do_v 1._o his_o error_n upon_o his_o first_o and_o second_o head_n can_v be_v true_o show_v unless_o they_o be_v full_o transcribe_v in_o their_o full_a dimension_n when_o the_o conqueror_n say_v he_o do_v innovate_v his_o tenor_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o make_v all_o 156._o man_n of_o great_a estate_n baron_n and_o by_o their_o tenor_n and_o estate_n member_n of_o parliament_n we_o then_o have_v such_o law_n quas_fw-la vulgus_fw-la elegerit_fw-la and_o the_o nwe_n have_v material_o our_o three_o estate_n though_o not_o so_o well_o size_v and_o sort_v as_o since_o we_o have_v then_o i_o say_v many_o great_a freeholders_n 157._o in_o every_o county_n that_o by_o their_o tenor_n be_v member_n of_o parliament_n whereas_o now_o we_o have_v but_o two_o and_o though_o the_o people_n do_v not_o not_o choose_v they_o yet_o the_o man_n of_o that_o order_n seem_v choose_v once_o for_o all_o interpretative_o by_o the_o people_n in_o their_o consent_n to_o the_o government_n in_o this_o constitution_n scarce_o any_o man_n that_o be_v fit_a to_o be_v choose_v but_o be_v without_o the_o people_n choice_n a_o member_n of_o parliament_n as_o there_o now_o be_v more_o who_o be_v fit_a to_o be_v choose_v than_o they_o can_v choose_v so_o that_o the_o barones_n minores_fw-la be_v then_o instead_o of_o knight_n of_o the_o shire_n and_o the_o barones_n majores_fw-la bishop_n and_o earl_n do_v then_o as_o now_o make_v the_o parliament_n beside_o barones_n majores_fw-la and_o minores_fw-la there_o be_v at_o this_o time_n a_o distinction_n between_o the_o barones_n regis_fw-la and_o barones_n regni_n which_o i_o will_v explain_v to_o prevent_v any_o mistake_n that_o may_v grow_v thereupon_o the_o barones_n regni_n be_v baron_n by_o tenure_n and_o make_v part_n of_o the_o government_n by_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o first_o william_n and_o so_o in_o process_n of_o time_n call_v barones_n regni_n because_o they_o have_v by_o continuance_n of_o that_o constitution_n acquire_v a_o fix_a right_o to_o that_o honour_n but_o because_o of_o the_o frequent_a war_n between_o 157._o the_o baron_n and_o the_o king_n at_o that_o time_n they_o do_v omit_v to_o summon_v some_o who_o be_v baron_n by_o tenure_n and_o now_o due_o call_v barones_n regni_n to_o parliament_n and_o call_v other_o that_o have_v no_o right_a to_o be_v call_v ratione_fw-la tenurae_fw-la and_o those_o they_o call_v barones_n regis_n this_o be_v ill_o take_v by_o the_o lord_n and_o be_v one_o of_o the_o occasion_n of_o their_o war_n with_o king_n john_n upon_o which_o they_o obtain_v his_o charter_n for_o remedy_n as_o follow_v barones_n majores_fw-la regni_fw-la sigillatim_fw-la summoneri_fw-la faceret_fw-la the_o truth_n of_o this_o as_o to_o the_o fact_n will_v appear_v by_o the_o history_n of_o those_o time_n and_o that_o this_o be_v the_o reason_n of_o this_o distinction_n of_o barones_n regis_fw-la and_o barones_n regni_n do_v appear_v by_o the_o recite_v charter_n of_o king_n john_n where_o the_o majores_fw-la barones_n be_v call_v barones_n regni_n for_o the_o baron_n be_v more_o concern_v for_o the_o lose_n of_o their_o honour_n than_o they_o be_v at_o the_o communication_n of_o the_o like_a honour_n to_o other_o and_o with_o reason_n though_o all_o honour_n be_v lessen_v by_o the_o number_n of_o those_o that_o participate_v of_o they_o the_o inconveniency_n and_o mischief_n of_o this_o 158_o constitution_n be_v very_o great_a and_o very_o sensible_a by_o make_v the_o government_n to_o consist_v of_o one_o order_n there_o be_v no_o third_n to_o moderate_v and_o hold_v the_o balance_n i_o shall_v not_o here_o enlarge_v upon_o his_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d of_o the_o conquest_n nor_o upon_o his_o conjecture_n of_o one_o of_o the_o occasion_n of_o the_o baron_n war_n nor_o yet_o upon_o his_o notion_n of_o three_o estate_n material_o the_o same_o when_o but_o one_o order_n and_o by_o the_o same_o reason_n if_o all_o be_v in_o one_o by_o virtue_n of_o his_o spiritual_a and_o temporal_a power_n and_o he_o have_v by_o a_o conquest_n all_o the_o property_n of_o the_o nation_n here_o the_o government_n be_v material_o the_o same_o with_o lord_n spiritual_a and_o temporal_a and_o commons_o in_o his_o belly_n as_o when_o he_o have_v disgorge_v and_o scatter_v abroad_o the_o property_n and_o power_n but_o to_o the_o purpose_n of_o the_o abovementioned_a head_n 1._o whereas_o he_o will_v have_v it_o that_o only_a bishop_n and_o earl_n be_v majores_fw-la barones_n it_o appear_v manifest_o to_o the_o contrary_a from_o the_o word_n of_o king_n john_n charter_n which_o he_o mistake_v submoneri_fw-la faciemus_fw-la archiepiscopos_fw-la episcopos_fw-la abbates_n comites_fw-la &_o majores_fw-la barones_n regni_fw-la sigillatim_fw-la here_o be_v majores_fw-la barones_n regni_fw-la after_o bishop_n and_o earl_n and_o i_o need_v not_o here_o remind_v he_o of_o the_o vanity_n of_o the_o notion_n of_o make_v majores_fw-la barones_n exegetical_a or_o comprehensive_a of_o what_o go_v before_o it_o be_v certain_a if_o bishop_n be_v majores_fw-la barones_n as_n well_o as_o earl_n here_o be_v other_o intend_v also_o and_o why_o be_v not_o such_o as_o hold_v whole_a barony_n as_o some_o do_v great_a baron_n beside_o you_o shall_v find_v number_n of_o baron_n to_o have_v receive_v particular_a summons_n even_o to_o the_o war_n according_a to_o the_o provision_n in_o king_n john_n charter_n for_o summon_v the_o majores_fw-la barones_n sigillatim_fw-la i_o will_v give_v he_o some_o name_n and_o see_v whether_o he_o make_v earl_n of_o they_o all_o three_o basset_n d._n william_n de_fw-fr harecourt_n roger_n de_o somerey_o john_n forreigner_n extraneus_fw-la richard_n de_fw-fr grey_n ern._n de_fw-fr bosco_n etc._n etc._n but_o if_o all_o these_o be_v earl_n what_o think_v he_o of_o the_o nine_o hundred_o and_o odd_a who_o receive_v special_a summons_n de_fw-fr veniendo_fw-la ad_fw-la regem_fw-la cum_fw-la equis_fw-la &_o armis_fw-la usque_fw-la berwicam_fw-la super_fw-la twedam_fw-la in_o the_o 29_o of_o edw._n 1._o d._n 2._o whereas_o he_o will_v have_v it_o that_o the_o barones_n regni_fw-la be_v baron_n by_o tenure_n and_o the_o 158._o barones_n regis_n by_o call_n to_o parliament_n he_o may_v have_v know_v that_o every_o baro_n regis_n be_v a_o baron_n of_o the_o kingdom_n but_o every_o baron_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v not_o baro_n regis_n in_o a_o strict_a sense_n wherefore_o according_o king_n john_n charter_n confine_v the_o special_a summons_n which_o as_o i_o say_v be_v to_o the_o curia_fw-la regis_fw-la to_o such_o great_a baron_n of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la there_o be_v after_o majores_fw-la barones_n regni_n in_o a_o different_a provision_n et_fw-la omnes_fw-la alios_fw-la qui_fw-la de_fw-la nobis_fw-la tenent_fw-la in_o capite_fw-la wherefore_o when_o all_o the_o baron_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v summon_v it_o take_v in_o the_o majores_fw-la and_o minores_fw-la both_o those_o that_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la and_o otherwise_o but_o when_o they_o be_v use_v distinct_o it_o be_v whole_o contrary_a to_o his_o supposition_n for_o the_o barones_n regis_fw-la be_v proper_o and_o strict_o they_o who_o hold_v immediate_o of_o the_o king_n as_o all_o manner_n of_o authority_n warrant_v indeed_o i_o be_o almost_o ashamed_a here_o to_o bring_v proof_n of_o a_o thing_n so_o evident_a but_o he_o may_v please_v to_o observe_v that_o thanus_n and_o baro_n be_v always_o of_o the_o same_o acceptation_n thanus_n regis_n be_v strict_o he_o who_o hold_v land_n of_o the_o king_n by_o any_o kind_n of_o tenure_n and_o so_o be_v baro_n regis_fw-la though_o sometime_o appropriate_v to_o he_o that_o hold_v by_o knight_n service_n and_o a_o ordinary_a thane_n be_v no_o 108._o more_o than_o a_o honest_a freeholder_n by_o any_o sort_n of_o tenure_n as_o appear_v by_o dooms-day-book_n itself_o but_o i_o conceive_v the_o difference_n between_o baro_n regni_n and_o regis_fw-la be_v sufficient_o show_v in_o this_o follow_a authority_n in_o the_o 23d_o of_o hen._n 2._o benedictus_fw-la abbas_n cot._n tell_v we_o the_o king_n summon_v magnum_fw-la concilium_fw-la de_fw-la statutis_fw-la regni_fw-la svi_fw-la coram_fw-la episcopis_fw-la comitibus_fw-la &_o baronibus_fw-la terrae_fw-la &_o coram_fw-la eye_v per_fw-la concilium_fw-la comitum_fw-la et_fw-la baronum_fw-la militum_fw-la et_fw-la hominum_fw-la suorum_fw-la he_o make_v the_o fame_a assize_n at_o northampton_n here_o be_v barones_n terrae_fw-la or_o regni_n and_o barones_n milites_fw-la et_fw-la homines_fw-la svi_fw-la here_o either_o all_o the_o barones_n regni_fw-la be_v barones_n regis_fw-la or_o svi_fw-la and_o then_o his_o distinction_n between_o baro_n regni_n and_o baro_n regis_n fall_v to_o the_o ground_n there_o be_v no_o difference_n or_o else_o there_o be_v that_o very_a difference_n i_o stand_v upon_o viz._n that_o the_o barones_n regni_fw-la be_v comprehensive_a of_o all_o sort_n of_o baron_n the_o
that_o of_o the_o nation_n british_n saxon_a danish_a and_o latin_a almost_o as_o unintelligible_a as_o either_o of_o the_o other_o that_o if_o they_o have_v be_v all_o digest_v into_o the_o english_a that_o be_v then_o speak_v we_o shall_v very_o little_o better_a have_v understand_v it_o than_o we_o do_v the_o french_a in_o which_o the_o law_n be_v afterward_o render_v and_o it_o be_v no_o wonder_n since_o a_o reduction_n into_o order_n be_v necessary_a that_o the_o king_n who_o be_v to_o look_v to_o the_o execution_n take_v care_n to_o have_v they_o in_o that_o language_n which_o himself_o best_o understand_v and_o from_o whence_o issue_v no_o inconvenience_n the_o former_a remain_v still_o in_o the_o language_n in_o which_o they_o have_v be_v write_v chap._n iii_o that_o mr._n hunt_v himself_o in_o effect_n grant_v that_o more_o than_o tenant_n in_o chief_a have_v right_a to_o come_v to_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o nation_n in_o which_o the_o nation_n be_v right_n be_v involve_v i_o do_v not_o deny_v say_v he_o but_o upon_o a_o change_n in_o the_o succession_n to_o the_o 153._o crown_n there_o may_v have_v be_v in_o this_o time_n extraordinary_a convention_n of_o the_o people_n to_o declare_v their_o universal_a assent_n for_o better_a assure_v such_o successor_n discountenance_v the_o real_a prince_n and_o preserve_v the_o peace_n as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o william_n the_o second_o henry_n the_o first_o king_n stephen_n and_o king_n john_n etc._n etc._n with_o a_o assent_n of_o such_o a_o assembly_n as_o this_o at_o least_o king_n john_n shall_v only_o if_o so_o have_v make_v his_o kingdom_n tributary_n to_o the_o pope_n 1._o here_o he_o grant_v that_o sometime_o more_o than_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la assemble_v at_o council_n 2._o that_o to_o some_o purpose_n such_o assembly_n be_v needful_a not_o only_o to_o quiet_v the_o mind_n of_o the_o people_n but_o to_o transfer_v over_o a_o national_a right_o for_o he_o say_v if_o ever_o there_o be_v extraordinary_a convention_n which_o he_o own_v to_o have_v be_v in_o some_o case_n than_o king_n john_n can_v have_v make_v the_o kingdom_n tributary_n only_a in_o such_o a_o council_n viz._n a_o extraordinary_a convention_n wherefore_o government_n be_v 155._o as_o he_o say_v rei_fw-la publicae_fw-la communis_fw-la sponsio_fw-la he_o grant_v that_o the_o government_n here_o be_v not_o absolute_o in_o the_o king_n and_o his_o tenant_n in_o chief_a for_o if_o it_o have_v they_o may_v have_v dispose_v of_o all_o the_o nation_n be_v right_n wherefore_o in_o effect_n he_o yield_v that_o the_o man_n of_o that_o order_n be_v not_o choose_v once_o for_o all_o 157._o interpretative_o by_o the_o people_n in_o their_o consent_n to_o the_o government_n but_o further_a if_o he_o yield_v we_o those_o authority_n which_o show_v that_o the_o people_n of_o the_o land_n the_o freeholders_n use_v to_o assemble_v for_o the_o declare_v their_o assent_n to_o the_o supreme_a governor_n with_o what_o colour_n can_v he_o set_v aside_o those_o authority_n which_o mention_v assembly_n to_o other_o purpose_n in_o as_o general_a term_n if_o a_o ordinary_a freeholder_n be_v under_o the_o word_n populus_fw-la at_o a_o election_n to_o the_o crown_n or_o recognition_n of_o a_o title_n how_o come_v the_o signification_n to_o be_v restrain_v at_o other_o time_n will_v not_o vulgus_fw-la plebs_fw-la populus_fw-la minor_fw-la laici_fw-la mediocres_fw-la and_o the_o like_a denote_v 212._o more_o than_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o well_o at_o one_o public_a assembly_n in_o the_o some_o king_n reign_n as_o at_o another_o unless_o a_o prior_n law_n be_v show_v which_o exclude_v the_o commons_o from_o one_o council_n but_o admit_v they_o to_o the_o other_o but_o i_o can_v find_v any_o thing_n more_o in_o this_o supposition_n than_o a_o downright_a beg_v the_o question_n indeed_o if_o william_n the_o first_o make_v a_o conquest_n of_o england_n so_o as_o that_o he_o divide_v out_o all_o the_o land_n of_o the_o kingdom_n to_o be_v hold_v of_o he_o in_o chief_a and_o the_o alienees_n of_o tenant_n in_o chief_a still_o hold_v immediate_o of_o the_o king_n neither_o of_o which_o will_v ready_o be_v prove_v then_o indeed_o but_o not_o till_o then_o the_o populus_fw-la minor_n at_o the_o council_n will_v be_v take_v for_o the_o tenant_n in_o chief_a only_o but_o the_o admittance_n that_o the_o presence_n or_o consent_n of_o more_o than_o tenant_n in_o chief_a be_v at_o any_o time_n needful_a to_o any_o act_n of_o rightful_a civil_a power_n whole_o destroy_v the_o supposition_n of_o a_o conquest_n unless_o we_o can_v believe_v that_o the_o conquer_a aught_o to_o give_v law_n to_o the_o conqueror_n or_o that_o notwithstanding_o any_o kind_n of_o establishment_n the_o dernier_fw-fr resort_n and_o supremacy_n of_o power_n be_v always_o in_o the_o people_n which_o be_v a_o notion_n that_o will_v unsettle_v all_o government_n make_v they_o precarious_a whereas_o he_o himself_o tell_v we_o no_o government_n can_v be_v legal_o or_o by_o any_o lawful_a power_n change_v but_o 122._o must_v remain_v for_o ever_o once_o establish_v chap._n iu._n that_o even_o according_a to_o mr._n hunt_n notion_n of_o tenure_n in_o capite_fw-la all_o proprietor_n of_o land_n as_o such_o have_v till_o the_o 49th_o of_o h._n 3._o right_a to_o come_v to_o parliament_n this_o though_o never_o so_o strange_a i_o think_v will_v be_v grant_v i_o that_o he_o do_v if_o he_o make_v all_o the_o freeholders_n of_o the_o kingdom_n tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la per_fw-la baroniam_fw-la he_o suppose_v that_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n be_v upon_o the_o matter_n turn_v into_o one_o great_a 131._o manor_n by_o william_n the_o first_o all_o man_n make_v his_o tenant_n and_o that_o all_o the_o great_a possession_n by_o which_o he_o must_v mean_v the_o manor_n of_o which_o other_o hold_v be_v make_v barony_n now_o this_o feudal_n baronage_n he_o 129._o say_v be_v capable_a of_o be_v multiply_v several_a 163._o way_n for_o every_o part_n of_o the_o fee_n however_o divide_v the_o service_n reserve_v 164._o upon_o that_o fee_n that_o be_v entire_a and_o indivisible_a be_v to_o be_v perform_v by_o the_o several_a proprietor_n of_o the_o several_a part_n of_o the_o divide_v fee_n since_o he_o use_v this_o as_o a_o proof_n of_o the_o multiplication_n of_o barony_n according_a to_o the_o argument_n baron-service_n be_v indivisible_a thus_o every_o proprietor_n as_o he_o have_v part_n of_o the_o divide_a fee_n be_v part_n of_o the_o baronage_n and_o consequent_o if_o all_o the_o baronage_n both_o spiritual_a and_o temporal_a de_fw-fr jure_fw-la aught_o 173._o to_o have_v summons_n now_o to_o parliament_n without_o respect_n to_o estate_n or_o tenure_n there_o will_v be_v a_o great_a many_o pretender_n but_o to_o be_v sure_a when_o all_o the_o baronage_n be_v summon_v ancient_o these_o inferior_a tenant_n come_v by_o his_o own_o rule_n as_o owe_v the_o service_n of_o baron_n and_o so_o ratione_fw-la tenurae_fw-la be_v barones_n regni_n but_o the_o baronage_n of_o england_n have_v be_v always_o in_o his_o opinion_n the_o lord_n spiritual_a and_o temporal_a and_o nobility_n have_v be_v 2._o foudal_n or_o because_o of_o the_o feud_n the_o burgess_n be_v all_o according_a to_o he_o till_o about_o the_o time_n of_o h._n 3._o under_o tenure_n by_o baronage_n be_v as_o good_a lord_n as_o the_o best_a and_o why_o be_v not_o honest_a freeholders_n so_n too_o as_o well_o 180._o as_o trader_n most_o of_o they_o then_o it_o be_v likely_a mechanic_n chap._n v._n whereas_o he_o will_v set_v aside_o the_o question_n of_o what_o the_o government_n be_v till_o 49th_o of_o h._n 3._o as_o impertinent_a 1._o his_o own_o notion_n by_o which_o he_o will_v supplant_v the_o labour_n of_o other_o destroy_v itself_o while_o i_o maintain_v what_o he_o aim_v at_o 2._o he_o put_v such_o matter_n in_o issue_n for_o assert_v the_o present_a government_n as_o can_v never_o be_v maintain_v 3._o he_o yield_v so_o much_o of_o the_o fact_n against_o i_o as_o set_v aside_o the_o whole_a foundation_n of_o his_o postscript_n and_o yet_o admit_v he_o answer_v all_o objection_n against_o his_o postscript_n the_o ground_n which_o i_o go_v upon_o be_v of_o the_o most_o general_n use._n for_o prevent_v the_o world_n be_v 156._o trouble_v with_o impertinent_a labour_n and_o to_o divert_v those_o that_o thus_o employ_v themselves_o to_o undertake_n more_o useful_a to_o the_o public_a &_o advantageous_a to_o themselves_o he_o think_v fit_a to_o tell_v we_o that_o the_o parliament_n be_v always_o material_o the_o same_o but_o we_o be_v at_o a_o loss_n to_o know_v what_o he_o mean_v by_o material_o the_o same_o for_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o according_a to_o his_o notion_n if_o the_o government_n be_v from_o the_o time_n of_o our_o dispute_n always_o in_o one_o it_o will_v have_v be_v material_o the_o same_o as_o it_o be_v now_o and_o
one_o another_o and_o through_o the_o pride_n and_o ambition_n of_o some_o who_o think_v themselves_o above_o that_o law_n and_o when_o the_o number_n of_o frank-pledge_n have_v that_o happy_a combination_n still_o be_v maintain_v will_v through_o the_o vast_a multiplication_n of_o proprietor_n have_v be_v too_o great_a to_o assemble_v together_o upon_o any_o occasion_n require_v counsel_n and_o serious_a debate_n there_o be_v one_o difficulty_n which_o arise_v upon_o the_o examine_v this_o point_n of_o antiquity_n that_o be_v since_o we_o rare_o meet_v with_o authority_n 76._o though_o some_o there_o be_v which_o particular_o describe_v such_o as_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n as_o summon_v to_o or_o present_v at_o the_o general_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n what_o shall_v we_o think_v of_o they_o to_o which_o i_o be_o bold_a to_o say_v that_o even_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n may_v have_v come_v under_o the_o consideration_n of_o freeholders_n inter_fw-la liberos_fw-la regni_fw-la tenentes_fw-la or_o barones_n baronagium_n barnagium_fw-la or_o the_o like_a for_o either_o they_o be_v 1._o corporation_n by_o charter_n or_o 2._o corporation_n by_o prescription_n liberis_fw-la and_o i_o think_v it_o will_v be_v probable_a at_o least_o that_o property_n in_o land_n the_o continuance_n of_o which_o in_o any_o family_n make_v nobility_n be_v the_o occasion_n of_o the_o privilege_n of_o they_o all_o and_o in_o such_o respect_n the_o freeman_n there_o be_v number_v among_o the_o noble_n though_o afterward_o when_o trade_n prevail_v among_o they_o the_o generality_n of_o they_o may_v be_v but_o quasi_fw-la optimates_fw-la and_o yet_o by_o custom_n they_o obtain_v the_o name_n of_o barones_n 122._o as_o in_o london_n warwick_n the_o five_o port_n etc._n etc._n and_o probable_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o the_o first_o erection_n but_o that_o i_o may_v not_o talk_v whole_o at_o random_n i_o shall_v offer_v a_o scheme_n of_o the_o ancient_a polity_n in_o relation_n to_o they_o which_o at_o lest_o will_v not_o be_v disprove_v for_o the_o first_o the_o corporation_n by_o charter_n they_o be_v of_o two_o kind_n 1._o such_o as_o be_v incorporate_v by_o the_o king_n 2._o such_o as_o be_v incorporate_v by_o the_o subject_a 1._o of_o those_o that_o be_v incorporate_v by_o b._n the_o king_n there_o be_v city_n that_o be_v borough_n which_o have_v a_o bishop_n see_v or_o else_o borough_n only_o but_o the_o episcopal_n see_v make_v the_o only_a difference_n they_o fall_v not_o here_o under_o any_o different_a consideration_n i_o conceive_v that_o though_o to_o these_o at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o incorporation_n the_o king_n grant_v several_a franchise_n as_o market_n fair_n and_o the_o like_a yet_o he_o give_v no_o right_a of_o send_v member_n to_o parliament_n to_o they_o who_o have_v it_o not_o before_o but_o of_o they_o that_o be_v so_o incorporate_v some_o be_v minores_fw-la tenentes_fw-la in_o capite_fw-la inferior_a tenant_n in_o chief_a such_o as_o by_o king_n john_n charter_n be_v where_o not_o incorporate_v to_o be_v summon_v in_o general_a to_o the_o commune_fw-la concilium_fw-la or_o curia_fw-la regis_fw-la many_o of_o these_o for_o the_o sake_n of_o such_o immunity_n as_o belong_v to_o free_a borough_n consent_v to_o be_v incorporate_v and_o thereupon_o they_o be_v one_o entire_a body_n natural_o fall_v into_o a_o representation_n and_o answer_v together_o by_o their_o head-borough_n or_o any_o other_o that_o they_o choose_v as_o one_o tenant_n st._n alban_n i_o take_v it_o be_v of_o this_o kind_n the_o burgess_n of_o which_o plead_v that_o they_o hold_v the_o say_a vill_n of_o the_o king_n in_o capite_fw-la &_o ipsi_fw-la sicut_fw-la caeteri_fw-la burgenses_n regni_fw-la ad_fw-la parliamenta_fw-la 233._o regis_fw-la cum_fw-la ea_fw-la summoneri_fw-la contigerit_fw-la per_fw-la duos_fw-la comburgenses_fw-la suos_fw-la venire_fw-la debeant_fw-la prout_fw-la totis_fw-la retroactis_fw-la temporibus_fw-la venire_fw-la consueverunt_fw-la pro_fw-la omnibus_fw-la servitus_fw-la regi_fw-la faciendis_fw-la quae_fw-la quidem_fw-la servitia_fw-la iidem_fw-la burgenses_n &_o antecessores_fw-la svi_fw-la burgenses_n villae_fw-la praedictae_fw-la tam_fw-la tempore_fw-la domini_fw-la edwardi_fw-la nuper_fw-la regis_fw-la angliae_fw-la patris_fw-la regis_fw-la &_o progenitorum_fw-la quam_fw-la tempore_fw-la regis_fw-la nunc_fw-la semper_fw-la ante_fw-la instans_fw-la parliamentum_fw-la ut_fw-la pâ—…ittatur_fw-la 〈◊〉_d nomina_fw-la quorum_fw-la burgonsium_fw-la sic_fw-la praedictâ_fw-la villâ_fw-la ad_fw-la parliamenta_fw-la regis_fw-la veâ—…entium_fw-la in_o rotulis_fw-la cancellariae_fw-la semper_fw-la irrotulata_fw-la fuerunt_fw-la i_o before_o have_v occasion_n to_o examine_v dr._n brady_n interpretation_n of_o the_o answer_n to_o the_o â—…ea_n here_o the_o plea_n itself_o come_v to_o be_v consider_v and_o whereas_o he_o render_v pâ—…o_o oâ—…us_a servitus_fw-la in_o lieu_n of_o all_o service_n 78._o i_o conceive_v the_o sense_n to_o be_v no_o more_o than_o thus_o that_o they_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o chief_a and_o that_o as_o other_o burgess_n of_o the_o kingdom_n they_o be_v to_o be_v represent_v at_o the_o king_n parliament_n when_o they_o happen_v to_o be_v summon_v by_o two_o of_o their_o fellow-burgess_n as_o ever_o since_o they_o be_v incorporate_v they_o have_v use_v to_o come_v for_o the_o perform_n of_o any_o of_o their_o service_n and_o that_o they_o like_a have_v not_o forfeit_v their_o charter_n nor_o ought_v their_o corporation_n to_o be_v dissolve_v for_o that_o they_o have_v due_o perform_v all_o their_o service_n and_o for_o proof_n that_o to_z parliament_z especial_o they_o have_v all_o along_o come_v by_o representation_n they_o appeal_v to_o the_o roll_n of_o chancery_n certain_o no_o man_n before_o the_o doctor_n think_v that_o the_o come_n to_o parliament_n excuse_v any_o rent_n or_o other_o service_n which_o be_v incumbent_a upon_o they_o but_o thus_o much_o be_v obvious_a from_o this_o that_o here_o be_v minores_fw-la barones_n tenant_n in_o chief_a who_o tenure_n must_v have_v be_v create_v by_o charter_n who_o be_v fall_v into_o a_o representation_n and_o that_o this_o be_v upon_o the_o account_n of_o property_n in_o land_n which_o occasion_v their_o service_n and_o their_o be_v unite_v as_o one_o tenant_n but_o beside_o these_o there_o be_v tenant_n of_o honour_n or_o manor_n in_o the_o king_n hand_n or_o in_o the_o subject_n which_o be_v incorporate_v by_o the_o king_n charter_n and_o send_v their_o representative_n to_o parliament_n i_o shall_v instance_n only_o in_o a_o corporation_n hold_v of_o a_o subject_a but_o incorporate_v by_o the_o king_n charter_n king_n john_n by_o his_o charter_n to_o william_n writ_n brewer_n who_o in_o all_o likelihood_n be_v lord_n of_o the_o manor_n of_o brugwater_n or_o bridgwater_n grant_v that_o brugwater_n shall_v be_v a_o free_a burrough_n and_o that_o it_o shall_v have_v market_n and_o fair_n and_o 26_o of_o edward_n the_o first_o when_o the_o first_o roll_n of_o burgess_n begin_v we_o find_v burgess_n for_o bridgwater_n enter_v among_o the_o rest_n and_o it_o be_v observable_a that_o there_o be_v not_o to_o be_v find_v any_o charter_n give_v they_o the_o privilege_n of_o send_v burgess_n nor_o can_v such_o a_o privilege_n arise_v by_o implication_n wherefore_o they_o must_v necessary_o have_v come_v upon_o the_o account_n of_o their_o property_n in_o land_n with_o no_o other_o alteration_n than_o that_o their_o divide_a interest_n be_v all_o conjoin_v in_o one_o 2._o but_o beside_o these_o there_o be_v some_o incorporate_v by_o subject_n of_o those_o who_o incorporate_v they_o some_z had_z regalia_z themselves_z as_o the_o count_n palatine_a of_o chester_n one_o of_o which_o leofrick_n brother_n to_o the_o confessor_n in_o his_o life-time_n incorporate_v coventry_n under_o the_o prior_n and_o monk_n of_o chester_n whereupon_o the_o burgher_n of_o coventry_n be_v represent_v in_o the_o general_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o one_o entire_a body_n we_o find_v that_o it_o send_v burgess_n to_o parliament_n 26_o edw._n 1._o and_o from_o its_o first_o corporation_n must_v needs_o have_v do_v so_o according_a to_o its_o plea_n which_o be_v allow_v 34_o edw._n 1._o for_o it_o plead_v that_o it_o be_v neither_o civitas_n burgus_n nor_o dominicum_fw-la regis_fw-la that_o therefore_o it_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v 241._o tax_v or_o taliate_v as_o such_o but_o be_v to_o be_v charge_v only_o when_o the_o whole_a county_n be_v charge_v or_o in_o the_o like_a proportion_n and_o they_o pray_v that_o the_o taxor_n and_o collector_n may_v not_o be_v suffer_v to_o distrain_v among_o they_o otherwise_o than_o it_o have_v be_v totis_fw-la retroactis_fw-la temporibus_fw-la in_o all_o time_n past_a since_o they_o large_a become_v one_o body_n that_o be_v that_o ever_o since_o they_o be_v a_o body_n they_o use_v not_o to_o be_v tax_v as_o the_o king_n demesne_n whether_o city_n borough_n ¶_o or_o manor_n which_o may_v be_v out_o of_o parliament_n and_o even_o when_o there_o be_v a_o parliament_n they_o bear_v the_o heavy_a burden_n but_o as_o the_o county_n as_o to_o the_o way_n
of_o charge_v or_o at_o least_o as_o to_o the_o proportion_n but_o they_o have_v be_v at_o parliament_n 26_o e._n 1._o which_o be_v but_o eight_o year_n regist._n before_o by_o representative_n of_o their_o own_o not_o of_o the_o county_n in_o general_n it_o show_v how_o they_o have_v be_v tax_v totis_fw-la retroactis_fw-la temporibus_fw-la but_o beside_o the_o charter_n of_o count_n palatine_n erect_v corporation_n there_o be_v other_o grant_v by_o some_o who_o be_v particular_o impower_v to_o that_o purpose_n or_o however_o they_o may_v have_v be_v confirm_v by_o the_o king_n afterward_o but_o i_o shall_v give_v a_o example_n of_o a_o corporation_n raise_v by_o virtne_n of_o such_o a_o power_n give_v by_o the_o king_n and_o confirm_v afterward_o thurstinus_fw-la dei_fw-la gratiâ_fw-la sciatis_fw-la i_o dedisse_fw-la &_o 18._o concessisse_fw-la &_o concilio_n capituli_fw-la eborac_n &_o beverlac_n &_o concilio_n meorum_fw-la faronum_fw-la meâ_fw-la cartâ_fw-la confirmasse_fw-la hominibus_fw-la de_fw-fr beverlaco_fw-it omnes_fw-la libertates_fw-la iisdem_fw-la legibus_fw-la quibus_fw-la ulli_fw-la de_fw-la eborac_n habent_fw-la in_o suâ_fw-la civitate_fw-la praeterea_fw-la enim_fw-la non_fw-la lateat_fw-la vos_fw-la quòd_fw-la dominus_fw-la h._n rex_fw-la noster_fw-la concessit_fw-la i._n nobis_fw-la potestatem_fw-la faciendi_fw-la de_fw-la bonâ_fw-la voluntate_fw-la suâ_fw-la &_o sua_fw-la chartâ_fw-la confirmavit_fw-la statuta_fw-la nostra_fw-la &_o leges_fw-la nostras_fw-la juxta_fw-la formam_fw-la burgensium_fw-la de_fw-fr eborac_n etc._n etc._n h._n rex_fw-la angliae_fw-la etc._n etc._n sciatis_fw-la i_o concessisse_fw-la 15._o &_o dedisse_fw-la &_o hâc_fw-la chartâ_fw-la mea_fw-la confirmasse_fw-la hominibus_fw-la de_fw-fr beverlaco_fw-it liberum_fw-la burgagium_fw-la secundum_fw-la libertates_fw-la leges_fw-la &_o consuetudines_fw-la burgen_n de_fw-fr eboraco_n &_o svam_fw-la gildam_fw-la mercatorum_fw-la cum_fw-la placitis_fw-la suis_fw-la &_o feloneo_n &_o cum_fw-la omnibus_fw-la liberis_fw-la consuetudinibus_fw-la &_o libertatibus_fw-la suis_fw-la cum_fw-la omnibus_fw-la rebus_fw-la sicut_fw-la thurstinus_fw-la archiepiscopus_fw-la ea_fw-la iis_fw-la dedit_fw-la etc._n etc._n there_o be_v another_o confirmation_n by_o king_n henry_n of_o the_o charter_n by_o thurstan_n and_o also_o 16._o william_n archbishop_n of_o york_n to_o the_o same_o free-borough_n and_o also_o another_o of_o king_n richard_n i._n wherein_o he_o mention_n the_o confirmation_n of_o the_o bishop_n charter_n by_o his_o grandfather_n tenentes_fw-la de_fw-la villâ_fw-la beverlaci_n in_fw-la auxiliis_fw-la tam_fw-la coventry_n regi_fw-la quam_fw-la primogenitoribus_fw-la cum_fw-la communitate_fw-la predict_v comitatus_fw-la semper_fw-la hactenus_fw-la &_o non_fw-la cum_fw-la communitate_fw-la civitatum_fw-la &_o burgorum_n taxari_fw-la &_o contribuere_fw-la consuevisse_fw-la i_o need_v not_o go_v to_o prove_v that_o these_o come_v by_o reason_n of_o their_o property_n in_o land_n they_o be_v either_o the_o king_n tenant_n or_o the_o tenant_n of_o subject_n and_o whatever_o privilege_n their_o interest_n may_v prevail_v with_o they_o to_o suffer_v to_o trader_n among_o they_o it_o be_v certain_a they_o be_v grant_v to_o the_o freeholders_n 2._o but_o then_o there_o be_v corporation_n by_o prescription_n where_o since_o now_o all_o the_o freeman_n choose_v it_o may_v seem_v more_o difficult_a to_o prove_v that_o they_o come_v upon_o the_o account_n of_o property_n in_o land_n many_o of_o these_o receive_a charter_n in_o confirmation_n of_o their_o privilege_n yet_o if_o they_o be_v take_v away_o will_v remain_v good_a corporation_n at_o the_o common_a law_n i_o may_v instance_n in_o london_n of_o which_o there_o be_v this_o memorable_a passage_n in_o the_o confessor_n law_n debet_fw-la etiam_fw-la in_o london_n quae_fw-la caput_fw-la est_fw-la regni_fw-la heretachiis_fw-la &_o legum_fw-la semper_fw-la curia_fw-la domini_fw-la regis_fw-la singulis_fw-la septimanis_fw-la die_fw-la lunae_fw-la hustingis_fw-la sedere_fw-la &_o teneri_fw-la and_o among_o other_o thing_n quae_fw-la huc_fw-la usque_fw-la consuetudines_fw-la svas_fw-la unâ_fw-la semper_fw-la inviolabilitate_fw-la conservat_fw-la king_n john_n charter_n provide_v for_o the_o ancient_a liberty_n and_o free_a custom_n of_o the_o city_n of_o london_n in_o particular_a and_o of_o all_o other_o city_n burrough_n vill_n and_o port_n and_o some_o charter_n of_o other_o king_n may_v seem_v more_o like_a new_a grant_n than_o confirmation_n of_o the_o old_a privilege_n but_o thus_o much_o be_v certain_a that_o those_o city_n borough_n and_o vill_n which_o have_v their_o liberty_n and_o free_a custom_n confirm_v by_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la 9_o h._n 3._o which_o be_v in_o the_o same_o term_n as_o to_o that_o part_n with_o king_n john_n be_v city_n burrough_n and_o vill_n at_o the_o common_a law_n and_o that_o we_o may_v frame_v a_o idea_n of_o these_o we_o must_v have_v recourse_n to_o the_o old_a saxon_a law_n by_o they_o it_o shall_v seem_v that_o there_o be_v a_o great_a equality_n among_o the_o master_n of_o family_n 52._o than_o afterward_o and_o the_o law_n of_o frank-pledge_n be_v well_o suit_v to_o such_o equality_n when_o no_o man_n be_v above_o give_v that_o security_n to_o the_o government_n upon_o which_o st._n edward_n law_n say_v est_fw-fr quaedam_fw-la summa_fw-la friborgis_n &_o maxima_fw-la securitas_fw-la per_fw-la quam_fw-la omnes_fw-la statu_fw-la firmissimo_fw-la sustinentur_fw-la ut_fw-la unusquisque_fw-la stabiliet_fw-la se_fw-la sub_fw-la fidejussionis_fw-la securitate_fw-la and_o as_o every_o city_n or_o burrough_n be_v a_o vill_n that_o be_v the_o genus_fw-la to_o both_o as_o well_o as_o friborg_n a_o inferior_a species_n the_o law_n provide_v quod_fw-la de_fw-la omnibus_fw-la villis_fw-la sub_fw-la decimali_fw-la fidejussione_n debebant_fw-la esse_fw-la universi_fw-la of_o these_o vill_n they_o that_o have_v special_a privilege_n market_n fair_n and_o the_o like_a be_v free_a burrough_n and_o as_o the_o vill_n so_o the_o burrough_n at_o the_o common_a law_n be_v make_v up_o of_o a_o certain_a number_n of_o freeman_n who_o property_n may_v extend_v far_o into_o the_o county_n these_o at_o first_o be_v under_o tything_n afterward_o as_o in_o the_o time_n of_o h._n 1._o property_n fall_v into_o more_o hand_n within_o aldermannus_n the_o same_o tract_n of_o land_n or_o precinct_n we_o find_v they_o answer_v for_o one_o another_o by_o twentys_n the_o headburrough_n be_v aldermannus_n or_o praepositus_fw-la villae_fw-la or_o burgi_n every_o one_o of_o these_o as_o a_o fidejussor_n i_o take_v it_o come_v ancient_o to_o the_o general_n council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n in_o his_o own_o person_n if_o he_o please_v but_o very_o frequent_o they_o may_v intrust_v their_o aldermannus_n or_o headburrough_n to_o answer_v for_o they_o but_o the_o franck-pledge_n discontinue_v they_o may_v accustom_v themselves_o to_o elect_v of_o member_n sometime_o one_o sometime_o more_o upon_o every_o summons_n to_o parliament_n and_o thereupon_o in_o every_o burrow_n at_o the_o common_a law_n the_o election_n be_v by_o all_o the_o freeman_n which_o answer_n to_o the_o franck-pledge_n former_o except_o that_o it_o be_v likely_a of_o old_a all_o the_o franck-pledge_n be_v very_o considerable_a freeholders_n but_o still_o these_o burrough_n can_v not_o take_v in_o all_o the_o freeholders_n nor_o yet_o the_o vill_n as_o ancient_o consist_v of_o cluster_n of_o inhabitant_n but_o if_o any_o man_n grow_v wealthy_a he_o love_v to_o live_v by_o himself_o in_o some_o castle_n or_o large_a seat_n which_o he_o may_v build_v abroad_o in_o the_o country_n such_o look_v upon_o themselves_o to_o be_v too_o great_a to_o give_v surety_n for_o their_o good_a behaviour_n as_o those_o that_o live_v in_o cluster_n do_v and_o by_o the_o time_n of_o edw._n the_o first_o chivaler_n and_o their_o child_n and_o i_o take_v it_o every_o considerable_a freeholder_n be_v a_o chivaler_n or_o 48._o gentleman_n be_v exempt_v from_o the_o law_n of_o franck-pledge_n doubtless_o every_o one_o of_o these_o as_o the_o possessionati_n in_o poland_n come_v to_o the_o general_a council_n in_o person_n as_o the_o land_n be_v further_o improve_v and_o a_o free_a increase_n of_o nature_n store_n make_v man_n luxurious_a great_a man_n put_v themselves_o into_o strait_o and_o be_v often_o oblige_v to_o sell_v their_o inheritance_n and_o to_o manumit_v their_o 846._o servant_n or_o release_v servile_a tenor_n and_o the_o offspring_n of_o these_o who_o themselves_o be_v cheorl_n or_o peasant_n be_v according_a to_o the_o saxon_a law_n which_o probable_o enough_o continue_v long_o after_o the_o norman_n acquisition_n ennoble_v or_o become_v gentleman_n by_o the_o descent_n of_o five_o hide_n of_o land_n to_o the_o three_o or_o four_o generation_n thus_o together_o with_o the_o division_n of_o land_n among_o the_o several_a child_n of_o great_a proprietor_n and_o subdivision_n downward_o as_o the_o family_n branch_v out_o the_o number_n of_o freeholders_n become_v by_o king_n john_n time_n little_o less_o than_o infinite_a tota_fw-la regni_fw-la nobilitas_fw-la quasi_fw-la sub_fw-la numero_fw-la non_fw-la cadebat_fw-la and_o this_o sort_n of_o 246._o nobility_n for_o the_o most_o part_n to_o be_v sure_a look_v upon_o themselves_o to_o be_v above_o citizen_n or_o burgher_n and_o scorn_v to_o be_v
of_o settle_a prerogative_n be_v not_o take_v away_o from_o the_o king_n he_o not_o be_v name_v in_o the_o statute_n 67._o by_o that_o statute_n indeed_o if_o a_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la alien_v with_o licence_n the_o alience_n become_v tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la for_o the_o statute_n divide_v the_o signiory_n but_o how_o it_o can_v be_v at_o the_o common_a law_n in_o any_o other_o case_n than_o that_o of_o copartner_n who_o be_v but_o as_o one_o heir_n and_o place_v in_o the_o same_o relation_n to_o the_o lord_n i_o can_v imagine_v i_o find_v in_o the_o statute_n of_o ireland_n this_o of_o copartner_n be_v mention_v as_o the_o law_n of_o england_n in_o regno_fw-la nostro_fw-la angliae_fw-la talis_fw-la est_fw-la lex_fw-la &_o a._n consuetudo_fw-la quod_fw-la siquis_fw-la tenuerit_fw-la de_fw-la nobis_fw-la in_o capite_fw-la &_o habuerit_fw-la filias_fw-la haeredes_fw-la ipso_fw-la patre_fw-la defuncto_fw-la antecessores_fw-la nostri_fw-la habuerunt_fw-la &_o semper_fw-la nos_fw-la habuimus_fw-la &_o cepimus_fw-la homagium_fw-la de_fw-la omnibus_fw-la hujusmodi_fw-la filiabus_fw-la &_o singulae_fw-la earum_fw-la tenerent_fw-la de_fw-la nobis_fw-la in_o capite_fw-la in_o hoc_fw-la casu_fw-la which_o show_v that_o the_o case_n of_o copartner_n be_v a_o single_a instance_n of_o the_o continuance_n of_o the_o same_o immediate_a service_n notwithstanding_o the_o division_n of_o the_o fee_n be_v a_o exception_n out_o of_o a_o general_a rule_n but_o i_o dare_v say_v no_o body_n that_o understand_v any_o thing_n of_o the_o feudal_n law_n as_o it_o have_v be_v receive_v in_o this_o or_o other_o nation_n will_v be_v of_o mr._n hunt_n opinion_n in_o this_o particular_a three_o mr._n h._n will_v have_v do_v well_o to_o have_v answer_v the_o objection_n against_o the_o suppose_a conquest_n before_o he_o conclude_v for_o it_o and_o i_o shall_v take_v it_o for_o grant_v it_o be_v a_o question_n hearty_o beg_v till_o i_o find_v a_o answer_n to_o these_o argument_n in_o ius_n anglorum_fw-la ab_fw-la antiquo_fw-la 1._o that_o the_o history_n of_o those_o time_n lib._n prove_v undeniable_o that_o william_n the_o first_o come_v in_o upon_o term_n which_o he_o swear_v to_o at_o his_o coronation_n and_o solemn_o confirm_v afterward_o this_o indeed_o be_v a_o conquest_n in_o the_o language_n of_o those_o time_n as_o it_o be_v distinguish_v from_o a_o hereditary_a right_n but_o no_o otherwise_o thus_o in_o king_n john_n time_n a_o man_n plead_v that_o his_o father_n have_v such_o a_o thing_n de_fw-fr conquestâ—…_n svo_fw-la viz._n by_o his_o own_o purchase_n or_o acquisition_n 2._o that_o dooms-day-book_n itself_o demonstrate_v that_o man_n enjoy_v their_o land_n under_o 100_o their_o old_a title_n and_o those_o law_n of_o st._n edw._n which_o the_o history_n assure_v we_o be_v confirm_v by_o compact_a with_o william_n the_o first_o without_o particular_a confirmation_n of_o their_o estate_n 3._o that_o we_o have_v late_a record_n of_o the_o allowance_n of_o title_n derive_v from_o before_o the_o norman_a acquisition_n nay_o even_o of_o the_o 117._o whole_a palatinate_n of_o chester_n the_o title_n to_o which_o be_v lay_v only_o in_o descent_n even_o after_o king_n william_n confirmation_n 4._o that_o ancient_a historian_n and_o dooms-day-book_n confirm_v the_o opinion_n of_o that_o 106._o judge_n in_o edw._n iii_o time_n who_o inform_v we_o that_o william_n the_o first_o disseize_v only_o they_o that_o be_v in_o arm_n against_o he_o and_o forfeit_v by_o 130._o oppose_v that_o title_n which_o the_o nation_n receive_v till_o mr._n hunt_n have_v answer_v these_o argument_n among_o other_o in_o ius_n anglorum_fw-la ab_fw-la antiquo_fw-la i_o hope_v he_o will_v not_o be_v angry_a that_o some_o be_v so_o critical_a that_o they_o will_v not_o call_v the_o first_o william_n conqueror_n especial_o since_o conquestor_n and_o conquestus_fw-la can_v now_o be_v reduce_v to_o their_o old_a peaceable_a signification_n and_o therefore_o be_v by_o no_o mean_n to_o be_v admit_v unless_o we_o take_v the_o sense_n of_o the_o judicious_a lord_n clarendon_n who_o rebuke_n mr._n hobbs_n for_o insist_v upon_o william_n the_o first_o his_o title_n by_o conquest_n as_o be_v what_o he_o himself_o renounce_v and_o abdicate_v if_o he_o ever_o have_v it_o if_o mr._n hobbs_n say_v that_o unhappy_a great_a 109._o man_n have_v take_v the_o pain_n and_o know_v where_o to_o have_v be_v inform_v of_o the_o proceed_n and_o transaction_n of_o william_n the_o conqueror_n he_o will_v have_v find_v cause_n to_o believe_v that_o that_o great_a king_n do_v ever_o dexterous_o endeavour_v from_o the_o time_n that_o he_o be_v assure_v that_o his_o possession_n will_v not_o be_v disturb_v to_o divest_v himself_o of_o the_o title_n of_o a_o conqueror_n and_o make_v his_o legal_a claim_n to_o what_o he_o have_v get_v by_o the_o will_n of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n who_o name_n be_v precious_a to_o the_o nation_n and_o who_o be_v know_v to_o have_v a_o great_a friendship_n for_o that_o prince_n who_o have_v now_o recover_v what_o have_v be_v he_o and_o he_o know_v so_o well_o the_o ill_a consequence_n which_o must_v attend_v the_o very_a imagination_n that_o the_o nation_n have_v lose_v its_o propriety_n that_o he_o make_v haste_n to_o grant_v they_o a_o assurance_n that_o they_o shall_v still_o enjoy_v all_o the_o benefit_n and_o privilege_n which_o be_v due_a to_o they_o by_o their_o own_o law_n and_o custom_n by_o which_o they_o shall_v be_v still_o govern_v as_o they_o be_v during_o that_o king_n whole_a reign_n who_o have_v enough_o of_o the_o unquestionable_a demesne_n and_o land_n belong_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o which_o he_o be_v then_o possess_v without_o a_o rival_n and_o belong_v to_o those_o great_a man_n who_o have_v perish_v with_o their_o posterity_n in_o the_o battle_n with_o harold_n to_o distribute_v to_o those_o who_o have_v bear_v such_o share_n and_o run_v such_o hazard_n in_o his_o prosperous_a adventure_n and_o those_o law_n and_o custom_n which_o be_v before_o the_o conquest_n be_v the_o same_o which_o the_o nation_n and_o kingdom_n have_v be_v since_o govern_v by_o to_o this_o day_n with_o the_o addition_n of_o those_o statute_n and_o act_n of_o parliament_n which_o be_v the_o law_n of_o the_o successive_a king_n with_o which_o they_o have_v gratify_v their_o subject_n in_o provide_v such_o new_a security_n for_o they_o and_o advantage_n to_o the_o public_a as_o upon_o the_o experience_n and_o observation_n of_o the_o age_n and_o time_n when_o they_o be_v make_v contribute_v to_o the_o honour_n and_o glory_n of_o the_o king_n as_o well_o as_o happiness_n of_o the_o people_n many_o of_o which_o be_v but_o the_o copy_n and_o transcript_n of_o ancient_a landmark_n make_v the_o character_n more_o plain_a and_o legible_a of_o what_o have_v be_v practise_v and_o understand_v in_o the_o precede_a age_n and_o the_o observation_n thereof_o be_v of_o the_o same_o profit_n and_o convenience_n to_o the_o 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