part_n of_o the_o well_o be_v of_o the_o nation_n not_o at_o once_o but_o at_o several_a time_n in_o several_a age_n and_o several_a generation_n support_v and_o uphold_v they_o by_o after_o law_n &_o constitution_n as_o that_o no_o freeman_n shall_v from_o thence_o give_v nor_o sell_v any_o more_o of_o his_o land_n but_o so_o that_o of_o the_o residue_n of_o the_o land_n the_o lord_n of_o the_o fee_n may_v have_v the_o service_n due_a unto_o he_o which_o belong_v to_o the_o fee_n land_n alien_v in_o mortmain_n shall_v accrue_v to_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o fee_n 9_o h._n 3._o ca._n 32._o &_o 36._o the_o ward_n shall_v pay_v to_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o fee_n the_o value_n of_o his_o marriage_n if_o he_o will_v not_o marry_v at_o the_o request_n of_o his_o lord_n for_o the_o marriage_n of_o he_o that_o be_v within_o age_n say_v the_o statute_n &_o the_o maker_n thereof_o of_o mere_a right_n pertain_v to_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o fee_n 20._o h._n 3_o cap._n 7._o the_o lord_n shall_v not_o pay_v a_o fine_a for_o distrain_v his_o tenant_n for_o service_n and_o custom_n 52._o h._n 3_o cap._n 3._o a_o fraudulent_a conveyance_n to_o defeat_v the_o lord_n of_o his_o ward_n shall_v be_v void_a cap._n 6._o the_o king_n shall_v have_v primer_n seisin_n neither_o the_o heir_n nor_o any_o other_o shall_v intrude_v into_o their_o inheritance_n before_o he_o have_v receive_v it_o out_o of_o the_o king_n hand_n as_o the_o same_o inheritance_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v take_v out_o of_o his_o hand_n and_o his_o ancestor_n in_o time_n past_a if_o the_o land_n be_v accustom_v to_o be_v in_o the_o king_n hand_n by_o knight_n service_n or_o serjeanty_n or_o right_a of_o patronage_n 52._o h._n 3._o cap._n 16._o if_o a_o heir_n marry_v within_o age_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o his_o guardian_n before_o he_o be_v pass_v the_o age_n of_o fourteen_o year_n it_o shall_v be_v do_v according_a as_o be_v contain_v in_o the_o statute_n of_o merton_n and_o of_o they_o that_o marry_v after_o that_o age_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o their_o guardian_n the_o guardian_n shall_v have_v the_o double_a value_n of_o their_o marriage_n such_o as_o have_v withdraw_v their_o marriage_n shall_v pay_v the_o full_a value_n to_o the_o guardian_n for_o the_o trespass_n and_o nevertheless_o the_o king_n shall_v have_v like_o amends_o and_o if_o the_o ward_n of_o malice_n or_o by_o evil_a council_n will_v not_o be_v marry_v by_o their_o chief_a lord_n where_o they_o shall_v not_o be_v disparage_v than_o the_o lord_n may_v hold_v their_o land_n and_o inheritance_n until_o they_o have_v accomplish_v the_o age_n of_o a_o heir_n male_a that_o be_v to_o wit_n of_o twenty_o one_o year_n and_o further_a until_o they_o have_v take_v the_o value_n of_o the_o marriage_n 3_o e._n 1.22_o a_o tenaent_n shall_v have_v a_o write_v of_o mesne_fw-la to_o acquit_v he_o of_o his_o service_n and_o if_o the_o mesne_fw-la come_v not_o he_o shall_v loose_v the_o service_n of_o his_o tenant_n 13_o e._n 1.9_o priority_n of_o feoffment_n shall_v make_v a_o title_n for_o wardship_n cap._n 16._o the_o chief_a lord_n shall_v have_v a_o cessavit_fw-la against_o the_o tenant_n if_o he_o cease_v for_o two_o year_n to_o do_v his_o service_n writ_n of_o ravishment_n degard_v allow_v to_o the_o lord_n and_o the_o party_n offend_v though_o he_o restore_v the_o ward_n unmarried_a or_o pay_v for_o the_o marriage_n shall_v nevertheless_o be_v punish_v by_o two_o year_n imprisonment_n 13_o e._n 1.35_o the_o feoffee_n shall_v hold_v his_o land_n of_o the_o chief_a lord_n and_o not_o of_o the_o feoffor_a 18_o e._n 1._o quia_fw-la emptores_fw-la terrarum_fw-la a_o save_n to_o the_o king_n of_o the_o ancient_a aid_n due_a and_o accustom_a 25._o e._n 1.6_o the_o king_n shall_v have_v the_o wardship_n of_o his_o tenant_n which_o hold_v in_o chief_a &_o the_o marriage_n of_o the_o heir_n primer_n seisin_n assignment_n of_o dower_n to_o the_o widow_n marriage_n of_o the_o woman_n tenant_n devide_v their_o land_n in_o coparcinery_n hold_v of_o he_o and_o they_o which_o hold_v of_o he_o in_o serjeanty_n shall_v pay_v a_o fine_a at_o the_o alienation_n 17._o e._n 2._o a_o freeman_n shall_v do_v his_o homage_n to_o his_o lord_n 17._o e._n 2._o knight_n fee_n shall_v not_o pass_v in_o the_o king_n grant_n without_o special_a word_n 17_o e._n 2.16_o he_o shall_v be_v answer_v the_o mesne_fw-la rate_v of_o land_n come_v to_o he_o by_o his_o tenant_n death_n 28._o e._n 3.4_o &_o where_o sundry_a of_o the_o king_n tenant_n hold_v of_o he_o immediate_o as_o of_o his_o duchy_n of_o lancaster_n do_v by_o sundry_a recovery_n fine_n and_o feoffment_n in_o use_n defeat_v the_o king_n of_o wardship_n of_o body_n and_o land_n it_o be_v enact_v that_o the_o king_n and_o his_o heir_n shall_v have_v the_o wardship_n and_o custody_n of_o the_o body_n and_o land_n of_o cestui_fw-fr que_fw-fr use_n and_o if_o they_o be_v of_o full_a age_n shall_v have_v relief_n notwithstanding_o any_o such_o conveyance_n and_o a_o exact_a provision_n make_v for_o writ_n to_o be_v grant_v upon_o the_o imbesil_n of_o any_o such_o heir_n rot._n parl._n 22_o e._n 4._o n._n 16._o &_o 17._o the_o lord_n of_o cestui_fw-fr que_fw-fr use_n no_o will_n be_v declare_v etc._n etc._n shall_v have_v a_o writ_n of_o right_n of_o ward_n for_o the_o body_n and_o land_n and_o the_o heir_n of_o cestuique_fw-la use_n be_v of_o full_a age_n at_o the_o death_n of_o his_o ancestor_n shall_v pay_v a_o relief_n 4_o h._n 7.17_o auâ—wry_o may_v be_v make_v by_o the_o lord_n upon_o the_o land_n hold_v of_o he_o without_o name_v his_o tenant_n 21_o h._n 8.19_o and_o no_o grievance_n be_v think_v be_v in_o they_o at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o make_n of_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n of_o 27_o h._n 8_o 2._o when_o as_o it_o be_v express_o provide_v by_o that_o act_n that_o tenor_n in_o capite_fw-la shall_v be_v reserve_v to_o the_o king_n of_o all_o manor_n land_n and_o hereditament_n belong_v to_o monastery_n &_o religious_a house_n which_o have_v land_n tenement_n and_o hereditament_n not_o exceed_v the_o clear_a yearly_a value_n of_o two_o hundred_o pound_n which_o he_o shall_v afterward_o grant_v for_o a_o estate_n of_o inheritance_n nor_o do_v the_o parliament_n in_o the_o 31_o year_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o that_o king_n retract_v that_o good_a opinion_n which_o be_v former_o have_v of_o they_o when_o enact_v that_o the_o king_n and_o his_o heir_n and_o successor_n shall_v be_v put_v in_o actual_a possession_n of_o all_o manor_n land_n and_o hereditament_n of_o any_o yearly_a value_n whatsoever_o belong_v to_o monastery_n they_o save_v to_o the_o king_n his_o heir_n and_o successor_n all_o rent_n service_n and_o other_o duty_n as_o if_o that_o act_n have_v never_o be_v make_v nor_o in_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n of_o 32_o h._n 8._o cap._n 46._o for_o erection_n of_o the_o court_n of_o ward_n and_o livery_n wherein_o it_o be_v acknowledge_v that_o tenor_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o wardship_n with_o their_o incident_n do_v of_o right_o belong_v to_o the_o king_n in_o the_o right_n of_o the_o imperial_a crown_n of_o this_o realm_n in_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n of_o 32._o h._n 8._o and_o a_o explanation_n thereof_o in_o 34_o and_o 35_o h._n 8.5_o give_v power_n to_o those_o that_o hold_v land_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o by_o knight_n service_n to_o devise_v two_o part_n thereof_o reserve_v to_o the_o king_n wardship_n primer_n seisin_n and_o fine_n for_o alienation_n of_o the_o three_o part_n and_o fine_n for_o alienation_n of_o the_o freehold_a or_o inheritance_n of_o the_o two_o part_n the_o crown_n be_v secure_v of_o the_o tenure_n of_o the_o two_o part_n by_o the_o statute_n of_o quia_fw-la emptores_fw-la terrarum_fw-la nor_o at_o the_o make_n of_o the_o statute_n of_o 35_o h._n 8.14_o &_o 37_o h._n 8.2_o whereby_o the_o king_n may_v reserve_v tenor_n in_o socage_n or_o capite_fw-la at_o his_o will_n and_o pleasure_n upon_o grant_n of_o land_n not_o exceed_v the_o value_n of_o forty_o shilling_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la belong_v to_o religious_a house_n and_o that_o the_o king_n former_a right_n shall_v be_v save_v notwithstanding_o any_o traverse_v &_o a_o remedy_n for_o the_o rent_n of_o the_o mesne_fw-la lord_n where_o the_o king_n have_v the_o wardship_n 2_o and_o 3_o e._n 6._o cap._n 8_o and_o those_o that_o hold_v by_o such_o tenor_n beside_o the_o care_n of_o so_o many_o act_n of_o parliament_n be_v not_o unhappy_a also_o in_o that_o provision_n of_o the_o common_a law_n where_o it_o be_v a_o article_n or_o inquiry_n in_o the_o eyre_n if_o any_o lord_n novas_fw-la levavit_fw-la consuetudines_fw-la have_v charge_v his_o tenant_n with_o any_o new_a custom_n if_o any_o escheator_n or_o subescheator_n have_v make_v any_o
have_v take_v it_o for_o a_o addition_n of_o honour_n and_o not_o any_o lessen_v to_o be_v knight_v and_o have_v no_o cause_n at_o all_o to_o dislike_v such_o military_a tenor_n which_o be_v not_o call_v vassalage_n as_o common_a people_n may_v now_o mistake_v the_o word_n but_o from_o vassus_fw-la or_o cliens_fw-la qui_fw-la pro_fw-la beneficio_fw-la accepto_fw-la fidem_fw-la svam_fw-la autori_fw-la benificii_fw-la obligat_fw-la or_o from_o gesell_n a_o german_a word_n which_o signify_v socius_fw-la or_o commilito_fw-la a_o fellow_n soldier_n the_o name_n and_o profession_n reason_n and_o cause_n of_o it_o be_v so_o honourable_a and_o worthy_a or_o to_o deem_v they_o to_o be_v burden_n which_o be_v at_o the_o first_o intend_v and_o take_v to_o be_v as_o gift_n and_o favour_n which_o none_o of_o the_o son_n of_o man_n who_o be_v master_n of_o any_o sense_n or_o reason_n do_v use_v to_o find_v fault_n with_o but_o may_v well_o allow_v they_o to_o be_v very_o far_o distant_a from_o slavery_n when_o as_o servitude_n be_v proper_o 5.784_o quum_fw-la quod_fw-la acquiritur_fw-la servo_fw-la acquiritur_fw-la domino_fw-la when_o that_o which_o be_v gain_v or_o acquire_v by_o the_o servant_n be_v just_o and_o proper_o the_o lord_n and_o a_o freeman_n be_v vvn_n by_o quod_fw-la acquirit_fw-la sibi_fw-la acquirit_fw-la in_o that_o which_o he_o gain_v be_v his_o own_o or_o have_v a_o property_n in_o it_o and_o that_o among_o the_o southern_a nation_n a_o more_o gentle_a and_o merciful_a bondage_n be_v paternd_a by_o that_o of_o abraham_n and_o his_o successor_n the_o patriarch_n and_o allow_v by_o the_o rule_n and_o government_n of_o god_n dura_fw-la erat_fw-la servitus_fw-la dominorum_fw-la imperia_fw-la gravia_fw-la service_n or_o the_o condition_n of_o servant_n be_v hard_a and_o the_o severity_n of_o master_n great_a who_o have_v potestatem_fw-la aquavitae_fw-la &_o necis_fw-la power_n of_o life_n and_o death_n over_o their_o servant_n who_o have_v nothing_o which_o they_o can_v call_v their_o own_o but_o their_o misery_n be_v put_v to_o maintain_v their_o master_n out_o of_o their_o labour_n and_o endure_a vilissima_fw-la et_fw-la miserrima_fw-la ministeria_fw-la all_o manner_n of_o slavery_n ab_fw-la omni_fw-la militia_n arcebantur_fw-la be_v not_o suffer_v to_o know_v or_o have_v the_o use_n of_o arm_n apud_fw-la boreales_fw-la tamen_fw-la gentes_fw-la justior_fw-la suis_fw-la semper_fw-la servitus_fw-la et_fw-la clementior_fw-la but_o among_o the_o northern_a nation_n there_o be_v a_o more_o just_a and_o gentle_a usage_n of_o their_o servant_n for_o that_o they_o do_v divide_v their_o land_n &_o conquest_n among_o their_o soldier_n and_o servant_n pactionibus_fw-la interpositis_fw-la inter_fw-la dominum_fw-la et_fw-la servientem_fw-la de_fw-fr mutua_fw-la tutela_n upon_o certain_a agreement_n betwixt_o they_o for_o mutual_a defence_n which_o make_v our_o english_a as_o well_o as_o other_o nation_n abundant_o content_v with_o it_o as_o may_v appear_v by_o the_o acquiescence_n of_o they_o and_o the_o norman_n under_o the_o norman_a and_o next_o succeed_v king_n and_o of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n law_n and_o other_o english_a custom_n retain_v they_o the_o reckon_n of_o it_o among_o their_o liberty_n fight_v for_o they_o and_o adventure_v their_o life_n and_o all_o that_o they_o have_v at_o the_o make_n of_o tenor_n magna_fw-la charta_fw-la and_o in_o the_o baron_n war_n wherein_o those_o great_a spirit_n as_o mr._n robert_n hill_n say_v so_o impatient_a of_o tyranny_n do_v never_o so_o much_o as_o call_v in_o question_n that_o great_a and_o ancient_a prerogative_n of_o their_o king_n or_o except_o against_o tenor_n escuage_n releif_n and_o other_o moderate_a and_o due_a incident_n thereof_o the_o care_n take_v in_o the_o parliament_n of_o marlâ—bridge_n 52_o h._n 3._o to_o prevent_v the_o deceive_a of_o the_o lord_n of_o their_o wardship_n by_o fraudulent_a conveyance_n or_o lease_n of_o 18_o e._n 10._o in_o the_o make_n of_o the_o statute_n of_o quia_fw-la etc._n emptores_fw-la terrarum_fw-la that_o the_o feoffee_n or_o purchaser_n of_o land_n hold_v of_o mesne_fw-la lord_n shall_v hold_v by_o such_o service_n and_o custom_n as_o rhe_n feoffor_n do_v hold_v the_o register_n and_o survey_n of_o knight_n fee_n by_o h._n 2._o h._n 3._o e._n 1._o e._n 3._o and_o h._n 6._o escuage_z aid_n and_o assessment_n in_o parliament_n and_o the_o marshal_n roll_n in_o time_n of_o war_n and_o necessity_n the_o esteem_n ancient_o hold_v of_o the_o benefit_n and_o liberty_n accrue_v by_o they_o insomuch_o as_o many_o have_v by_o leave_n of_o their_o lord_n change_v their_o socage_n tenor_n into_o knight_n service_n 60._o and_o think_v themselves_o enfranchise_v thereby_o the_o value_n put_v upon_o they_o by_o the_o commons_o of_o england_n in_o the_o parliament_n of_o 6._o h._n 4._o when_o they_o petition_v the_o king_n in_o that_o parliament_n 4._o that_o all_o feoffement_n of_o land_n and_o tenement_n hold_v by_o knight_n service_n and_o do_v by_o collusion_n express_v in_o the_o statute_n of_o marlbridge_n may_v upon_o proof_n thereof_o be_v utter_o void_a the_o opinion_n of_o chief_a justice_n fortescue_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o h._n 6._o in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr laudibus_fw-la legum_fw-la angliae_fw-la commend_v they_o as_o most_o necessary_a as_o well_o for_o the_o commonwealth_n 44._o as_o for_o those_o and_o their_o heir_n who_o hold_v their_o land_n by_o such_o tenor_n the_o retain_v of_o it_o by_o the_o german_n who_o do_v as_o most_o of_o the_o northern_a nation_n say_v bodin_n libertatem_fw-la spirare_fw-la only_o busy_a themselves_o to_o gain_v and_o keep_v their_o liberty_n and_o from_o the_o time_n of_o their_o great_a freedom_n to_o rhis_n present_a and_o now_o also_o can_v never_o tell_v how_o to_o find_v any_o fault_n with_o they_o their_o prince_n elector_n of_o the_o empire_n and_o the_o imperial_a city_n or_o hanse_v town_n who_o take_v thrmselve_n to_o be_v as_o free_a as_o their_o name_n of_o freedom_n or_o liberty_n do_v import_v not_o at_o this_o day_n disdain_v or_o repine_v at_o they_o &_o the_o swisser_n in_o their_o great_a thought_n of_o freedom_n take_v their_o hold_n of_o the_o empire_n in_o capite_fw-la to_o be_v no_o abatement_n of_o it_o the_o use_n of_o they_o by_o the_o ancient_a earl_n and_o governor_n of_o holland_n zealand_n and_o west-freezland_a who_o have_v be_v very_o successful_a in_o their_o war_n without_o the_o use_n of_o tenor_n in_o capite_fw-la or_o knight_n service_n 5._o but_o find_v that_o ipsa_fw-la virtus_fw-la amara_fw-la alioqui_fw-la per_fw-la se_fw-la atque_fw-la aspera_fw-la praemiis_fw-la excitanda_fw-la videretur_fw-la simul_fw-la uti_fw-la fisco_fw-la ac_fw-la reipublicae_fw-la consulerâ—tur_fw-la say_v neostadius_n that_o the_o hardship_n of_o virtue_n need_v to_o be_v sweeten_v with_o some_o reward_n &_o that_o the_o old_a custom_n of_o the_o longobard_n in_o create_v and_o reserve_v tenor_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o by_o knight_n service_n will_v be_v not_o only_o a_o save_n of_o charge_n to_o their_o treasury_n but_o a_o good_a and_o benefit_n to_o their_o province_n or_o commonwealth_n do_v create_v and_o erect_v such_o or_o the_o like_a tenor_n and_o to_o this_o day_n by_o the_o scotish_n nation_n in_o a_o time_n and_o at_o the_o instant_n of_o their_o late_a obtain_n if_o they_o can_v be_v thankful_a for_o they_o of_o all_o manner_n of_o liberty_n and_o freedom_n do_v sufficient_o evince_v they_o to_o be_v as_o far_o from_o slavery_n as_o they_o be_v always_o necessary_a wherein_o if_o the_o primitive_a purpose_n and_o institution_n of_o tenor_n in_o capite_fw-la knight_n service_n and_o socage_n be_v right_o consider_v every_o man_n may_v without_o any_o violence_n or_o argument_n use_v to_o his_o reason_n or_o judgement_n if_o self-conceitedness_n and_o obstinacy_n do_v not_o choke_v or_o disturb_v his_o intellectuals_n easy_o conclude_v whether_o if_o it_o be_v now_o 〈…〉_z choice_n he_o will_v not_o rather_o take_v land_n by_o a_o service_n or_o condition_n only_o to_o go_v to_o war_n with_o the_o king_n or_o his_o mesne_fw-la lord_n when_o war_n shall_v happen_v which_o in_o a_o common_a course_n of_o accident_n may_v happen_v but_o once_o or_o not_o at_o all_o in_o his_o life_n time_n &_o then_o not_o tarry_v with_o he_o above_o forty_o day_n or_o less_o according_a to_o his_o proportion_n of_o fee_n or_o land_n hold_v &_o to_o have_v escuage_n of_o his_o own_o tenant_n if_o they_o shall_v refuse_v to_o go_v also_o in_o person_n with_o he_o and_o to_o have_v his_o heir_n if_o he_o chance_v to_o die_v which_o in_o time_n of_o less_o luxury_n happen_v not_o so_o often_o &_o but_o once_o perhaps_o in_o three_o or_o four_o descent_n to_o be_v leave_v in_o his_o minority_n to_o be_v better_o educate_v than_o he_o can_v have_v be_v in_o his_o life_n time_n marry_v without_o disparagement_n and_o himself_o as_o well_o as_o his_o own_o &_o child_n estate_n protect_v or_o accept_v of_o a_o manor_n free_o grant_v he_o
under_o they_o and_o if_o any_o evil_n happen_v unto_o they_o either_o endure_v it_o with_o they_o or_o willing_o venture_v their_o life_n with_o they_o other_o attribute_v it_o to_o the_o saxon_n ubi_fw-la jus_o antiquissimum_fw-la feudorum_fw-la semper_fw-la viguit_fw-la et_fw-la adhuc_fw-la say_v the_o learned_a craig_n religiose_fw-la observatur_fw-la where_o the_o feudal_a law_n be_v and_o be_v yet_o most_o religious_o observe_v and_o cliens_fw-la and_o vasallus_fw-la in_o matter_n of_o feud_n and_o tenor_n be_v not_o seldom_o in_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o very_o good_a author_n become_v to_o be_v as_o synonimes_o and_o use_v one_o for_o the_o other_o and_o the_o late_a grecians_z since_o the_o reign_n of_o constantine_n feudis_fw-la porphyrogenneta_n in_o the_o east_n and_o the_o roman_a emperor_n in_o the_o west_n before_o &_o since_o the_o reign_n of_o charlemagne_n or_o charles_n the_o great_a be_v not_o without_o those_o necessary_a defence_n of_o themselves_o and_o their_o people_n and_o such_o a_o general_a benefit_n and_o ready_a and_o certain_a way_n of_o aid_n and_o help_v upon_o all_o emergency_n in_o the_o like_a usage_n of_o other_o nation_n make_v it_o to_o be_v as_o a_o law_n of_o nation_n there_o have_v be_v in_o all_o or_o most_o kingdom_n and_o monarchy_n of_o the_o world_n as_o well_o heathen_a as_o christian_n a_o dependency_n of_o the_o subject_a upon_o the_o prince_n or_o sovereign_a and_o some_o duty_n to_o be_v perform_v by_o reason_n of_o their_o land_n and_o estate_n which_o they_o hold_v under_o their_o protection_n and_o in_o many_o of_o they_o as_o among_o the_o german_n saxon_n frank_n and_o longobard_n and_o several_a other_o nation_n descend_v from_o they_o tenor_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o knight_n service_n be_v esteem_v as_o a_o foundation_n and_o subsistency_n of_o the_o right_n and_o power_n of_o sovereignty_n and_o government_n and_o be_v at_o the_o first_o 4._o precariae_fw-la ex_fw-la domini_fw-la solius_fw-la arbitrio_fw-la upon_o courtesy_n at_o the_o will_v only_o of_o the_o prince_n or_o lord_n be_v afterward_o annales_n from_o year_n to_o year_n after_o that_o feuda_fw-la ceperunt_fw-la esse_fw-la vitalia_fw-la their_o estate_n or_o fee_n become_v to_o be_v for_o life_n and_o after_o for_o inheritance_n so_o as_o by_o the_o law_n of_o england_n we_o have_v nâ—t_o proper_o allodium_fw-la b._n say_v coke_n that_o be_v any_o subject_n land_n which_o be_v not_o hold_v of_o some_o superior_a and_o that_o tenor_n in_o capite_fw-la appear_v not_o to_o be_v of_o any_o new_a institution_n in_o the_o book_n of_o doomsday_n or_o in_o edward_n the_o confessor_n day_n a_o 1060._o in_o king_n athelstans_fw-la a_o 903._o in_o king_n canutus_n his_o reign_n in_o king_n keâ—ulphus_n his_o reign_n a_o 821._o or_o in_o king_n ina_n reign_n a_o 720._o in_o imitation_n whereof_o and_o the_o norman_a no_o slavish_a law_n and_o usage_n which_o as_o to_o tenor_n by_o the_o opinion_n of_o william_n roville_n of_o alenzon_n in_o his_o preface_n to_o the_o grand_a customier_n of_o normandy_n be_v first_o bring_v into_o normandy_n out_o of_o england_n by_o our_o edward_n the_o confessor_n &_o the_o custom_n &_o policy_n of_o other_o people_n and_o kingdom_n prudent_a antiquity_n have_v in_o that_o manner_n so_o well_o provide_v by_o reservation_n of_o tenor_n for_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o realm_n william_n the_o conqueror_n sound_v no_o better_a mean_n to_o continue_v and_o support_v the_o frame_n and_o government_n of_o this_o kingdom_n then_o upon_o many_o of_o his_o gift_n and_o grant_n of_o land_n the_o most_o part_n of_o england_n be_v then_o by_o conquest_n in_o his_o demean_v to_o reserve_v the_o tenor_n and_o service_n of_o those_o and_o their_o heir_n to_o who_o he_o give_v it_o in_o capite_fw-la and_o by_o knight_n service_n and_o if_o thomas_n sprot_n â—58_n and_o other_o ancient_a author_n and_o tradition_n mistake_v not_o in_o the_o number_n of_o they_o 693._o for_o that_o there_o be_v very_o many_o be_v agree_v by_o the_o red_a book_n in_o the_o exchequer_n and_o divers_a authentiques_n create_v 60215_o knight_n fee_n which_o with_o their_o homage_n incident_n and_o obligation_n to_o serve_v in_o war_n with_o the_o addition_n of_o those_o many_o other_o tenor_n by_o knight_n service_n which_o the_o nobility_n great_a man_n and_o other_o beside_o those_o great_a quantity_n of_o land_n and_o tenement_n which_o they_o and_o many_o as_o well_o as_o the_o king_n and_o other_o our_o succeed_a prince_n give_v colonis_n &_o hominibus_fw-la inferioris_fw-la notae_fw-la to_o the_o ordinary_a and_o inferior_a sort_n of_o people_n to_o hold_v in_o socage_n burgage_n and_o petit_fw-fr serjeantie_n reserve_v upon_o their_o gift_n and_o grant_v to_o their_o friend_n followers_z and_o tenant_n who_o where_o to_o attend_v also_o their_o mesne_fw-la lord_n in_o the_o service_n of_o their_o prince_n can_v not_o be_v otherwise_o then_o a_o safety_n and_o constant_a kind_n of_o defence_n for_o ever_o after_o to_o this_o kingdom_n and_o by_o the_o learned_a gloss_n sir_n henry_n spelman_n say_v to_o be_v due_a non_fw-la solum_fw-la jure_fw-la positivo_fw-la sed_fw-la &_o gentium_fw-la &_o quodammodo_fw-la naturae_fw-la not_o only_o by_o positive_a law_n but_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n and_o in_o some_o sort_n by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n especial_o when_o it_o be_v not_o to_o arise_v from_o any_o compulsary_a or_o incertain_a way_n or_o involuntary_a contribution_n or_o out_o of_o any_o personal_a or_o movable_a estate_n but_o to_o fix_v and_o go_v along_o with_o the_o land_n as_o a_o easy_a and_o beneficial_a tie_n and_o perpetuity_n upon_o it_o and_o be_v so_o incorporate_a and_o inherent_a with_o it_o as_o it_o have_v upon_o the_o matter_n a_o coexistence_n or_o be_v with_o it_o and_o glanvil_n and_o bracton_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o the_o king_n must_v have_v arm_n as_o well_o as_o law_n to_o govern_v by_o and_o not_o depend_v ex_fw-la aliorum_fw-la arbitrio_fw-la it_o be_v a_o rule_n of_o law_n that_o quando_fw-la lex_fw-la aliquid_fw-la concedit_fw-la id_fw-la concedit_fw-la sine_fw-la quo_fw-la res_fw-la ipsa_fw-la esse_fw-la non_fw-la potest_fw-la when_o the_o law_n grant_v any_o thing_n it_o grant_v that_o also_o which_o be_v necessary_a and_o requisite_a to_o it_o and_o therefore_o the_o old_a oath_n of_o fealty_n which_o by_o edward_n the_o confessor_n law_n be_v to_o be_v administer_v in_o the_o folcmote_n 35._o or_o assembly_n of_o the_o people_n once_o in_o every_o year_n fide_fw-la et_fw-la sacramento_n non_fw-la fracto_fw-la ad_fw-la defendendum_fw-la regnum_fw-la contra_fw-la alienigenas_fw-la et_fw-la inimicos_fw-la cum_fw-la domino_fw-la svo_fw-la rege_fw-la et_fw-la terras_fw-la et_fw-la honores_fw-la illius_fw-la omni_fw-la fidelitate_fw-la cum_fw-la eo_fw-la seruare_fw-la et_fw-la quod_fw-la illi_fw-la ut_fw-la domino_fw-la svo_fw-la regi_fw-la intra_fw-la et_fw-la extra_fw-la regnum_fw-la britanniae_fw-la fideles_fw-la esse_fw-la volunt_fw-la by_o faith_n and_o oath_n inviolable_a to_o defend_v the_o kingdom_n against_o all_o stranger_n and_o the_o king_n enemy_n and_o the_o land_n and_o dignity_n of_o the_o king_n to_o preserve_v and_o be_v faithful_a to_o he_o as_o to_o their_o lord_n as_o well_o within_o as_o without_o the_o kingdom_n of_o britain_n which_o be_v not_o then_o also_o hold_v to_o be_v enough_o unless_o also_o there_o be_v a_o tie_n and_o obligation_n upon_o the_o land_n and_o therefore_o enact_v that_o debeant_fw-la universi_fw-la liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la secundum_fw-la feodum_fw-la suum_fw-la &_o secundum_fw-la tenementa_fw-la â—35_n sua_fw-la arma_fw-la habere_fw-la &_o illa_fw-la semper_fw-la prompta_fw-la conservare_fw-la ad_fw-la tuitionem_fw-la regni_fw-la &_o servicium_fw-la dominorum_fw-la suâ—rum_fw-la juxta_fw-la preceptum_fw-la domini_fw-la regis_fw-la explendum_fw-la &_o peragendum_fw-la every_o free_a man_n according_a to_o the_o proportion_n of_o his_o fee_n and_o land_n shall_v have_v his_o arm_n in_o readiness_n for_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o service_n of_o their_o lord_n as_o the_o king_n shall_v command_v and_o it_o be_v by_o william_n the_o conqueror_n ordain_v quod_fw-la omnes_fw-la liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la fide_fw-la et_fw-la sacramento_n fidelitatis_fw-la affirment_fw-la quod_fw-la intra_fw-la &_o extra_fw-la universum_fw-la regnum_fw-la willielmo_n regi_fw-la domino_fw-la svo_fw-la fideles_fw-la esse_fw-la volunt_fw-la terras_fw-la &_o honores_fw-la suos_fw-la omni_fw-la fidelitate_fw-la ubique_fw-la seruare_fw-la cum_fw-la eo_fw-la &_o contra_fw-la inimicos_fw-la &_o alieniginas_fw-la defendere_fw-la that_o all_o freeman_n shall_v take_v a_o oath_n that_o as_o well_o within_o as_o without_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n they_o shall_v be_v faithful_a to_o their_o king_n and_o lord_n and_o defend_v every_o where_o he_o and_o his_o land_n dignity_n and_o estate_n with_o all_o faithfulness_n against_o his_o enemy_n and_o foreiner_n et_fw-la statuit_fw-la &_o firmiter_fw-la precepit_fw-la ut_fw-la omnes_fw-la comites_fw-la barones_n milites_fw-la &_o servientes_fw-la teneant_fw-la se_fw-la semper_fw-la in_o armis_fw-la &_o in_fw-la equis_fw-la ut_fw-la decet_fw-la &_o oportet_fw-la &_o quod_fw-la
detruncatione_fw-la vel_fw-la alijs_fw-la modis_fw-la juxtâ—_fw-la quantitatem_fw-la delicti_fw-la puniat_fw-la to_o be_v a_o hangman_n or_o executioner_n of_o such_o as_o be_v condemn_v to_o suffer_v death_n or_o any_o loss_n of_o member_n according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o their_o offence_n can_v neither_o be_v part_v with_o or_o take_v to_o be_v any_o thing_n but_o a_o benefit_n and_o that_o a_o claim_n be_v make_v by_o one_o thâ—â—_n hold_v land_n in_o the_o isle_n of_o silly_a to_o be_v the_o exeâ—cutioner_n of_o felon_n which_o there_o be_v then_o usua_o do_v by_o let_v every_o one_o of_o they_o down_o in_o a_o basket_n from_o a_o steâ—p_a rock_n with_o the_o provision_n only_o of_o two_o loaf_n of_o barley_n bread_n and_o a_o pot_n of_o water_n to_o expect_v as_o they_o hang_v the_o mercy_n of_o the_o sea_n when_o the_o tide_n shall_v bring_v it_o in_o and_o that_o those_o which_o hold_v by_o the_o easy_a and_o no_o dishonourable_a tenor_n of_o be_v tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o knightâ—service_n shall_v as_o mr._n robert_n hill_n a_o learned_a and_o judicious_a antiquary_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n james_n well_o observe_v rack_n and_o lease_n their_o land_n to_o their_o under_a tenant_n at_o the_o high_a rent_n and_o rite_n and_o neither_o they_o nor_o their_o tenant_n call_v that_o a_o slavery_n which_o though_o none_o at_o all_o may_v seem_v to_o be_v a_o far_o great_a burden_n than_o any_o tenâ—nt_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o by_o knight_n service_n which_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n or_o any_o tenant_n that_o hold_v by_o knight_n service_n of_o a_o mesne_fw-la lord_n endure_v when_o as_o the_o one_o be_v always_o more_o like_a to_o have_v the_o bag_n and_o burden_n which_o he_o must_v pay_v for_o lay_v upon_o he_o in_o his_o bargain_n than_o the_o other_o who_o be_v only_o to_o welcome_v a_o gift_n or_o favour_n for_o which_o he_o pay_v but_o a_o grateful_a acknowledgement_n nor_o be_v there_o in_o that_o which_o be_v now_o so_o much_o complain_v of_o and_o suppose_v to_o be_v a_o grievance_n which_o whatever_o it_o be_v except_o that_o which_o may_v as_o to_o some_o particular_a case_n happen_v to_o the_o best_a and_o most_o refine_a constitution_n and_o the_o management_n thereof_o have_v only_o be_v by_o the_o fault_n of_o some_o people_n who_o to_o be_v unfaithful_a and_o deceive_v the_o king_n in_o his_o wardship_n or_o other_o duty_n have_v some_o time_n cast_v themselves_o into_o the_o trouble_n and_o extremitye_n which_o be_v just_o put_v upon_o they_o for_o concealment_n of_o wardship_n or_o make_v fraudulent_a conveyance_n to_o defeat_v the_o just_a right_n of_o the_o king_n or_o their_o superior_a lord_n or_o by_o some_o exorbitance_n or_o multiplication_n of_o fee_n since_o the_o erect_n of_o the_o court_n of_o ward_n and_o livery_n by_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n in_o 32_o h._n 8._o any_o malum_fw-la in_o se_fw-la original_a innate_a or_o intrinsical_v cause_n of_o evil_a or_o inconvenience_n in_o they_o active_a or_o proxime_n mere_o arise_v from_o the_o nature_n or_o constitution_n of_o tenor_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o knight_n service_n to_o be_v find_v upon_o the_o most_o severe_a examination_n and_o inquiry_n which_o may_v be_v make_v of_o they_o nor_o be_v they_o so_o large_a in_o their_o number_n as_o to_o extend_v or_o spread_v themselves_o into_o a_o universality_n of_o grievance_n nor_o be_v or_o be_v any_o public_a or_o extraordinary_a grievance_n chap._n iii_o tenor_n of_o land_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o by_o knight_n service_n be_v not_o so_o many_o in_o number_n as_o be_v suppose_v nor_o be_v or_o be_v any_o public_a or_o general_a grievance_n for_o the_o number_n of_o knight_n fee_n which_o be_v hold_v in_o capite_fw-la and_o by_o knight_n service_n of_o the_o king_n have_v by_o tract_n of_o time_n alienation_n purpresture_n assart_n encroachment_n deafforrestation_n and_o concealment_n be_v exceed_o lessen_v and_o decrease_v 28015_o which_o be_v say_v to_o be_v parcel_n of_o the_o 60215_o knight_n fee_n create_v by_o william_n the_o conqueror_n be_v grant_v afterward_o by_o he_o or_o his_o successor_n to_o monastery_n abbey_n priory_n and_o religious_a house_n or_o parcel_v into_o glebe_n or_o other_o endowment_n belong_v to_o cathedral_n church_n and_o chantry_n or_o give_v away_o in_o mortmain_n and_o very_o many_o quillet_n and_o parcel_n of_o land_n after_o the_o dissolution_n of_o the_o abbey_n and_o religious_a house_n not_o exceed_v the_o yearly_a value_n of_o forty_o shilling_n and_o now_o far_o exceed_v that_o value_n grant_v in_o socage_n by_o king_n henry_n the_o eight_o beside_o many_o other_o great_a quantity_n of_o dissolve_a abbey_n and_o religious_a land_n grant_v to_o be_v hold_v in_o socage_n much_o of_o the_o abbye_n land_n retain_v in_o the_o crown_n or_o king_n hand_n as_o part_v of_o the_o royal_a patrimony_n and_o many_o manor_n and_o great_a quantity_n of_o land_n grant_v to_o divers_a of_o the_o nobility_n gentry_n and_o other_o with_o reservation_n many_o time_n of_o tenor_n of_o but_o half_a a_o knight_n fee_n when_o that_o which_o be_v grant_v will_v after_o the_o old_a rate_n or_o proportion_n of_o knight_n fee_n have_v be_v three_o or_o four_o knight_n fee_n or_o more_o and_o sometime_o as_o much_o or_o more_o than_o that_o no_o rule_n at_o all_o as_o touch_v the_o proportion_n of_o land_n or_o tenor_n be_v then_o in_o such_o a_o abundance_n of_o land_n and_o revenue_n as_o by_o the_o dissolution_n of_o the_o abbey_n come_v into_o the_o king_n hand_n or_o dispose_v 〈◊〉_d all_o keep_v which_o may_v have_v make_v many_o knight_n fee_n be_v not_o seldom_o grant_v with_o a_o tenure_n only_o of_o a_o twenty_o or_o forty_o and_o sometime_o a_o hundred_o part_n of_o a_o knight_n fee_n whereby_o the_o knight_n fee_n which_o be_v grant_v to_o the_o religious_a house_n be_v almost_o half_o of_o the_o number_n which_o william_n the_o conqueror_n be_v say_v at_o the_o first_o to_o have_v create_v may_v well_o decrease_v into_o a_o small_a number_n and_o many_o of_o those_o which_o diverse_a of_o the_o nobility_n and_o great_a man_n hold_v of_o the_o king_n as_o those_o of_o ferrer_n earl_n of_o derby_n and_o the_o earl_n of_o chester_n those_o that_o come_v by_o marriage_n as_o by_o one_o of_o the_o daughter_n and_o heir_n of_o 〈◊〉_d earl_n of_o hereford_n and_o essex_n by_o escheat_n as_o the_o earldom_n of_o clare_n or_o by_o resumption_n dissolution_n of_o prior_n alienâ—_n knight_n of_o st._n john_n of_o jerusalem_n attainder_n escheat_n or_o forfeiture_n which_o in_o the_o baron_n war_n be_v very_o many_o or_o hold_v as_o of_o honour_n etc._n etc._n merge_v and_o devolve_v into_o the_o royal_a revenue_n do_v take_v of_o very_a many_o of_o the_o number_n especial_o since_o the_o make_n of_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n in_o 1_o â—_o 6._o cap._n 4._o that_o there_o shall_v be_v no_o tenure_n in_o capite_fw-la of_o the_o king_n by_o reason_n of_o land_n come_v to_o the_o hand_n of_o he_o or_o any_o of_o his_o progenitor_n heir_n or_o successor_n by_o attainder_n of_o treason_n misprision_n of_o treason_n premunire_n dissolution_n or_o surrender_v of_o religious_a house_n and_o not_o a_o few_o of_o the_o mesne_n lord_n and_o those_o which_o hold_v also_o of_o the_o king_n do_v make_v as_o great_a a_o abatement_n in_o their_o tenor_n by_o release_n and_o discharge_v their_o service_n before_o the_o make_n of_o the_o statute_n of_o quia_fw-la emptores_fw-la terrarum_fw-la grant_v land_n in_o socage_n frank_n almoigne_z or_o by_o copy_n of_o court_n roll_n and_o cast_v out_o a_o great_a part_n of_o their_o land_n as_o well_o as_o the_o king_n of_o england_n do_v not_o forest_n chase_n &_o many_o vast_a commons_o which_o they_o lay_v out_o in_o charity_n for_o the_o good_a of_o the_o poor_a sort_n of_o people_n infranchise_v of_o a_o great_a number_n of_o copyholder_n sell_v &_o give_v away_o many_o and_o great_a parcel_n of_o their_o demesne_fw-la 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tenor_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o find_v of_o office_n wherein_o the_o evidence_n be_v produduce_v and_o many_o time_n find_v do_v not_o only_o find_v but_o declare_v what_o estate_n the_o decease_a be_v seize_v of_o and_o if_o the_o truth_n do_v not_o then_o appear_v which_o can_v hardly_o be_v hide_v when_o as_o the_o jury_n be_v command_v by_o the_o writ_n of_o diem_fw-la clausit_fw-la extremum_fw-la to_o inquirâ—_n upon_o their_o oath_n of_o what_o estate_n the_o last_o ancestor_n die_v seize_v of_o and_o that_o the_o vigilancy_n and_o care_n of_o the_o feodary_n and_o escheator_n who_o be_v also_o to_o be_v present_a to_o attend_v they_o will_v cause_v they_o to_o be_v the_o more_o careful_a and_o if_o the_o fraud_n of_o the_o heir_n shall_v be_v able_a to_o make_v its_o way_n or_o escape_v through_o they_o the_o estate_n find_v in_o the_o office_n will_v after_o prove_v to_o be_v a_o evidence_n against_o they_o and_o either_o overthrow_n or_o perplex_v the_o knavery_n of_o such_o 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all_o man_n and_o thing_n be_v to_o be_v esteem_v according_a to_o the_o virtue_n and_o excellencye_n which_o be_v in_o they_o so_o it_o will_v not_o be_v the_o yearly_a profit_n in_o money_n which_o be_v make_v of_o the_o wardship_n primer_n seisin_n liverye_n and_o incident_n which_o belong_v to_o those_o tenor_n but_o the_o homage_n duty_n gratitude_n and_o necessary_a attendance_n in_o war_n not_o only_o of_o those_o that_o hold_v immediate_o of_o the_o king_n but_o those_o that_o be_v the_o mediate_a tenant_n and_o come_v also_o with_o the_o immediate_a the_o grand_a and_o mutual_a tie_n betwixt_o the_o king_n and_o his_o people_n and_o the_o regality_n prerogative_n intrinsical_a and_o true_a worth_n and_o value_n of_o they_o when_o there_o shall_v be_v any_o use_n of_o those_o necessary_a defence_n of_o the_o king_n and_o his_o kingdom_n in_o make_v a_o diversive_a war_n or_o succour_v his_o friend_n and_o ally_n which_o be_v not_o seldom_o or_o be_v in_o more_o heroic_a time_n just_o account_v to_o be_v as_o outwork_n ante_fw-la murales_fw-la or_o bulwark_n of_o the_o kingdom_n &_o that_o the_o rate_n which_o be_v now_o offer_v for_o those_o tenor_n be_v but_o like_o a_o tender_a or_o offer_v to_o give_v the_o weight_n in_o gold_n for_o a_o incomparable_a not_o to_o be_v get_v again_o and_o unvaluable_a meddal_n or_o for_o aaron_n breastplate_n moses_n rod_n or_o the_o sceptre_n of_o prince_n if_o they_o can_v have_v be_v purchase_v at_o all_o and_o by_o weight_n it_o will_v be_v as_o unsafe_a as_o unusual_a to_o take_v money_n or_o turn_v into_o a_o rent_n that_o which_o in_o its_o first_o institution_n and_o a_o happy_a long_a and_o right_o use_v which_o be_v make_v of_o it_o be_v only_o intend_v for_o a_o defence_n of_o the_o kingdom_n when_o the_o king_n be_v not_o likely_a to_o be_v any_o â—aver_n by_o it_o and_o shall_v not_o gain_v 90000_o l._n per_fw-la annum_fw-la his_fw-la own_o income_n by_o licence_n of_o alienation_n deduct_v for_o the_o clear_a profit_n of_o the_o court_n of_o ward_n which_o the_o lord_n cottington_n when_o he_o be_v master_n of_o that_o court_n do_v but_o a_o year_n before_o the_o trouble_v make_v as_o much_o by_o it_o beside_o the_o many_o great_a and_o royal_a prerogative_n which_o he_o shall_v lose_v to_o gain_v more_o mischief_n and_o inconveniencye_n to_o himself_o &_o his_o people_n then_o at_o the_o present_n can_v be_v instance_a or_o number_v the_o give_v the_o king_n a_o recompense_n by_o a_o yearly_a rate_n amount_v to_o one_o hundred_o thousand_o pound_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la to_o be_v charge_v upon_o all_o man_n land_n tenement_n and_o hereditament_n hold_v in_o capite_fw-la or_o socage_n by_o copyhold_n lease_n for_o life_n or_o tenant_n at_o will_n or_o for_o year_n will_v be_v against_o right_n reason_n justice_n and_o equity_n as_o well_o as_o unwarrant_v by_o any_o hitherto_o law_n or_o custom_n of_o england_n to_o make_v 19_o part_n of_o 20_o for_o so_o much_o if_o not_o more_o will_v probable_o be_v the_o odds_o that_o be_v not_o liable_a to_o wardship_n or_o any_o imagine_a inconvenience_n which_o may_v happen_v thereby_o not_o only_o to_o bear_v their_o proportionable_a part_n of_o the_o general_a assessment_n for_o war_n but_o a_o share_n also_o in_o the_o burden_n of_o other_o where_o it_o can_v never_o be_v lay_v upon_o they_o and_o wherein_o they_o or_o the_o major_a part_n of_o they_o by_o more_o than_o two_o in_o three_o have_v no_o land_n in_o fee_n simple_a fee_n tail_n or_o by_o lease_n for_o 100_o year_n or_o any_o long_a term_n nor_o be_v never_o like_a to_o be_v purchaser_n of_o any_o land_n at_o all_o and_o if_o they_o have_v money_n to_o do_v it_o be_v not_o likely_a to_o buy_v inheritance_n &_o if_o inheritance_n not_o capite_fw-la or_o knight_n service_n land_n when_o there_o be_v by_o more_o than_o 9_o part_n in_o 10_o of_o socage_n or_o copyhold_n land_n to_o be_v purchase_v be_v not_o nor_o be_v like_a to_o be_v in_o any_o danger_n of_o wardship_n or_o under_o any_o fear_n or_o apprehension_n of_o it_o and_o render_v the_o capite_fw-la land_n three_o or_o four_o year_n purchase_v dear_a than_o it_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v and_o the_o socage_n land_n three_o or_o four_o year_n purchase_v the_o cheap_a only_o to_o free_v the_o nobility_n gentry_n and_o man_n of_o great_a riches_n and_o estate_n in_o the_o kingdom_n which_o be_v subject_a to_o those_o small_a burden_n which_o be_v only_o say_v to_o be_v in_o tenor_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o by_o knight_n service_n or_o if_o lay_v upon_o the_o moiety_n of_o the_o excise_n upon_o ale_n beer_n cider_n and_o coffee_n etc._n etc._n or_o any_o other_o native_a or_o inland_a commodity_n will_v fall_v upon_o those_o that_o have_v no_o land_n as_o well_o as_o those_o which_o have_v as_o upon_o citizen_n mechanic_n child_n
as_o in_o the_o late_a war_n of_o denmark_n where_o they_o be_v concern_v to_o adventure_v through_o many_o danger_n to_o aid_v the_o dane_n against_o the_o swede_n find_v their_o design_n more_o out_o of_o order_n than_o it_o will_v otherwise_o have_v be_v for_o that_o the_o seaman_n where_o they_o do_v not_o use_v to_o impress_v will_v not_o be_v persuade_v to_o go_v at_o all_o without_o a_o great_a pay_n then_o ordinary_a and_o whether_o that_o discharge_n of_o the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o 5_o the_o do_v absolve_v they_o from_o their_o clientelage_n or_o hold_v of_o the_o empire_n or_o no_o it_o be_v well_o know_v that_o they_o keep_v all_o or_o most_o of_o the_o incident_n belong_v to_o tenor_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o their_o laudemia_n or_o relief_n investiture_n fine_n for_o alienation_n and_o the_o like_a and_o live_v under_o those_o great_a burden_n and_o otherwise_o intolerable_a tax_n contribution_n and_o excise_n which_o be_v make_v only_o tolerable_a by_o their_o hostility_n and_o depraedation_n exercise_v upon_o spain_n and_o its_o dominion_n do_v notwithstanding_o almost_o in_o every_o frontier_n town_n in_o the_o winter_n time_n make_v their_o inhabitant_n hold_v by_o a_o kind_n of_o service_n as_o to_o their_o own_o defence_n in_o the_o alotment_n of_o every_o house_n or_o street_n to_o break_v daily_o a_o proportion_n of_o ice_n in_o time_n of_o frost_n in_o their_o town_n ditch_n the_o assessment_n for_o horse_n and_o foot_n arm_n and_o charge_n and_o pay_v of_o army_n and_o so_o much_o as_o for_o ribbon_n and_o trophy_n as_o they_o be_v now_o call_v which_o in_o the_o time_n of_o our_o military_a tenor_n the_o people_n be_v not_o at_o all_o or_o so_o much_o trouble_v with_o will_v swell_v and_o be_v the_o great_a when_o so_o many_o as_o be_v to_o be_v contributory_a in_o a_o more_o especial_a manner_n shall_v be_v exempt_v from_o that_o and_o put_v under_o the_o general_a assessment_n which_o will_v make_v the_o burden_n to_o be_v the_o 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take_v away_o and_o a_o disease_n put_v in_o the_o place_n of_o it_o the_o king_n who_o be_v pater_fw-la patriae_fw-la the_o great_a and_o careful_a parent_n and_o father_n of_o his_o people_n and_o who_o by_o god_n almighty_a be_v trust_v with_o the_o welfare_n protection_n and_o defence_n of_o they_o shall_v only_o have_v that_o part_n of_o the_o court_n of_o ward_n and_o kind_a of_o prerogative_n leave_v unto_o he_o to_o provide_v and_o take_v care_n for_o lunatic_n and_o idiot_n shall_v not_o now_o enjoy_v that_o ancient_a and_o well_o perform_v trust_n of_o protect_v the_o fatherless_a nor_o have_v that_o power_n in_o look_v to_o orphan_n and_o their_o estate_n in_o their_o minority_n as_o the_o dutch_a and_o state_n of_o holland_n have_v who_o though_o the_o people_n under_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o that_o republic_n do_v hold_v neither_o by_o knight_n service_n of_o it_o nor_o can_v be_v well_o say_v to_o hold_v in_o soccage_n or_o as_o fieâ—â—_n roturier_n where_o they_o have_v so_o little_a land_n but_o by_o navigation_n rather_o and_o commerce_n have_v their_o wees_z kamer_n or_o court_n of_o orphan_n do_v not_o think_v it_o fit_v to_o trust_v they_o and_o their_o estate_n to_o the_o mother_n although_o they_o have_v thereby_o a_o custom_n and_o pacta_fw-la antenuptialia_fw-la antenuptialibus_fw-la a_o joyntenancy_n and_o power_n of_o dispose_n to_o their_o own_o kindred_n nor_o the_o kindred_n on_o either_o side_n to_o make_v their_o profit_n by_o they_o and_o sub_fw-la amici_fw-la fallere_fw-la nomen_fw-la under_o a_o colour_n of_o love_n and_o kindness_n either_o ruin_n they_o or_o leave_v they_o to_o ruin_v themselves_o by_o sell_v they_o and_o other_o good_a bargain_n and_o shall_v not_o have_v so_o much_o privilege_n as_o the_o city_n of_o london_n have_v who_o by_o ancient_a custom_n have_v a_o absolute_a court_n of_o ward_n in_o the_o city_n though_o it_o pass_v under_o the_o name_n of_o the_o court_n of_o orphan_n as_o may_v appear_v by_o their_o ancient_a custom_n viz._n the_o mayor_n and_o alderman_n that_o be_v for_o the_o time_n guildhall_n by_o custom_n of_o the_o city_n shall_v have_v the_o wardship_n and_o marriage_n of_o all_o the_o orphan_n of_o the_o say_a city_n after_o the_o death_n of_o their_o ancestor_n although_o the_o same_o ancestor_n do_v hold_v in_o the_o city_n of_o any_o other_o lord_n by_o what_o service_n soever_o ought_v to_o inquire_v of_o all_o the_o land_n and_o tenement_n good_n and_o chattel_n within_o the_o say_a city_n appertain_v to_o such_o orphan_n and_o safe_o keep_v they_o to_o the_o use_n and_o profit_n of_o such_o orphan_n or_o otherwise_o commit_v the_o same_o orphan_n together_o with_o their_o land_n and_o tenement_n good_n and_o chattel_n to_o other_o their_o friend_n by_o sufficient_a surety_n find_v of_o record_n in_o the_o chamber_n of_o guildhall_n to_o maintain_v convenient_o the_o say_a orphan_n during_o their_o nonage_n and_o their_o land_n and_o tenemâ—nts_n to_o repair_v and_o their_o say_a good_n and_o chattel_n safe_o to_o keep_v and_o thereof_o to_o render_v a_o good_a and_o loyal_a account_n before_o the_o say_a mayor_n and_o alderman_n to_o the_o profit_n of_o the_o same_o infant_n when_o they_o shall_v come_v to_o their_o age_n or_o when_o they_o shall_v be_v put_v to_o a_o mystery_n or_o shall_v marry_v by_o the_o advice_n of_o the_o say_a mayor_n and_o alderman_n and_o that_o in_o all_o case_n except_o that_o it_o be_v otherwise_o ordain_v and_o dispose_v for_o the_o same_o orphan_n or_o for_o their_o land_n and_o tenement_n good_n and_o chattel_n by_o the_o express_a word_n contain_v in_o the_o testament_n of_o their_o ancestor_n and_o no_o such_o orphan_n ought_v to_o be_v marry_v without_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o say_a mayor_n and_o alderman_n and_o also_o where_o land_n or_o tenement_n good_n and_o chattel_n within_o the_o city_n be_v devise_v to_o a_o infant_n within_o age_n live_v with_o his_o father_n and_o that_o such_o a_o 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who_o make_v great_a use_n of_o petition_n &_o many_o a_o causeless_a complaint_n to_o overturn_v any_o ancient_a useful_a constitution_n of_o the_o kingdom_n &_o well_o approve_v right_n and_o liberty_n of_o the_o people_n in_o general_a or_o of_o some_o man_n in_o particular_a will_v renverse_v and_o overturn_v many_o of_o the_o fundamental_a law_n and_o constitution_n of_o the_o kingdom_n &_o throw_v they_o with_o their_o heel_n upward_o into_o a_o ditch_n of_o all_o manner_n of_o evil_n and_o confusion_n which_o will_v so_o increase_v and_o fall_v upon_o they_o and_o we_o as_o no_o after_o endeavour_n by_o any_o new_a bill_n or_o act_n of_o parliament_n will_v be_v able_a to_o rescue_v they_o and_o be_v once_o dead_a or_o destroy_v will_v not_o meet_v with_o any_o that_o either_o can_v or_o will_v be_v able_a to_o call_v they_o like_o lazarus_n out_o of_o the_o grave_n or_o
servant_n and_o the_o like_a and_o heavy_a uâ—on_n the_o poor_a sort_n of_o people_n and_o be_v a_o burden_n which_o the_o lowly_a cobbler_n and_o reverend_a applewoman_n the_o butcher_n and_o stockingmender_n in_o their_o pitiful_a subterraneous_a tenement_n and_o the_o poor_a woman_n which_o in_o the_o street_n do_v cry_v fruit_n and_o fish_n by_o a_o double_a retail_n and_o pay_v twelve_o penny_n a_o week_n for_o the_o loan_n of_o twenty_o shilling_n and_o pawn_v a_o petticoat_n for_o security_n the_o chimney_n sweeper_n brooom-man_n and_o beggar_n can_v escape_v will_v be_v no_o good_a way_n of_o raise_v money_n nor_o a_o honourable_a revenue_n and_o though_o it_o may_v become_v the_o dutch_a in_o their_o grand_a necessity_n of_o war_n where_o they_o have_v but_o few_o gentleman_n will_v not_o be_v for_o the_o honour_n of_o england_n and_o the_o nobility_n and_o gentry_n of_o england_n to_o have_v their_o provision_n of_o war_n and_o defence_n arise_v out_o of_o so_o low_a a_o business_n as_o aâ—e_v and_o beer_n and_o make_v the_o brewer_n and_o ale-house-keeper_n to_o be_v as_o it_o be_v the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o to_o supply_v the_o knight_n service_n in_o the_o exchange_n of_o that_o which_o be_v but_o pretend_v to_o be_v a_o grievance_n for_o a_o most_o certain_a and_o undeniable_a grievance_n and_o for_o one_o grievance_n if_o it_o can_v be_v prove_v to_o be_v one_o for_o a_o seminary_n and_o complication_n of_o greivance_n and_o to_o take_v away_o wardship_n from_o the_o estate_n of_o 1_o in_o every_o 20._o of_o the_o people_n when_o they_o shall_v happen_v and_o make_v 19_o in_o every_o 20_o to_o be_v every_o day_n in_o every_o year_n in_o wardship_n to_o a_o excise_n upon_o a_o considerable_a part_n of_o their_o daily_a dyer_n and_o sustenance_n that_o small_a sum_n of_o 100000_o l._n per_fw-la a_o may_v upon_o any_o discontent_n of_o the_o people_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o payment_n of_o that_o excise_n be_v petition_v against_o or_o take_v away_o by_o parliament_n or_o by_o some_o insurrection_n or_o mutiny_n of_o the_o common_a people_n which_o naples_n and_o france_n &_o this_o kingdom_n can_v tell_v we_o do_v sometime_o happen_v and_o the_o wisdom_n of_o king_n and_o prince_n do_v use_v to_o suspect_v and_o provide_v against_o or_o if_o some_o other_o unlucky_a difference_n which_o god_n avert_v shall_v happen_v betwixt_o the_o king_n and_o his_o people_n may_v fall_v into_o the_o case_n or_o example_n of_o the_o custom_n and_o poundage_n and_o tonnage_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o his_o late_a majesty_n which_o be_v stop_v by_o the_o parliament_n and_o declare_v against_o do_v put_v he_o into_o unâ—it_a necessity_n and_o make_v those_o unhappy_a controversy_n and_o misunderstanding_n betwixt_o he_o and_o many_o of_o the_o short_a parliament_n which_o disable_v he_o from_o aid_v his_o friend_n and_o ally_n and_o be_v the_o beginning_n of_o our_o never_o enough_o to_o be_v lament_v national_a calamity_n and_o reproach_n and_o prove_v to_o be_v the_o ruin_n and_o disturbance_n also_o of_o a_o great_a part_n of_o christendom_n such_o a_o impose_v or_o continue_v excise_n will_v by_o the_o art_n and_o deceit_n of_o the_o brewer_n and_o ale_n man_n and_o those_o that_o gather_v and_o pay_v it_o in_o the_o first_o place_n be_v as_o all_o excise_n common_o be_v double_v charge_v upon_o the_o people_n who_o instead_o of_o 100000_o l._n per_fw-la a_o lay_v upon_o their_o beer_n &_o ale_n will_v by_o the_o abuse_n which_o will_v be_v commit_v therein_o as_o to_o quantity_n and_o quality_n lay_v and_o charge_v another_o 100000_o l._n per_fw-la a_o upon_o the_o people_n and_o the_o brewer_n in_o every_o 6_o d._n or_o 12_o d._n excise_n to_o be_v lay_v upon_o every_o barrel_n of_o six_o shilling_n beer_n will_v be_v sure_a to_o make_v his_o beer_n so_o as_o he_o shall_v get_v double_a if_o not_o more_o than_o that_o excise_n amount_v unto_o and_o as_o it_o can_v never_o have_v be_v at_o first_o settle_v without_o the_o awe_n and_o help_v of_o garrison_n troop_n of_o horse_n and_o company_n of_o foot_n in_o every_o county_n and_o city_n and_o the_o soldier_n assistance_n to_o enforce_v and_o gather_v it_o from_o those_o that_o will_v not_o pay_v it_o or_o be_v not_o able_a so_o in_o all_o probability_n it_o will_v be_v now_o again_o never_o be_v bring_v into_o a_o constant_a yearly_a revenue_n without_o a_o constant_a &_o former_o use_v way_n of_o keep_v a_o stand_a army_n at_o the_o charge_n of_o sixty_o or_o ninety_o thousand_o pound_n per_fw-la mensem_fw-la or_o the_o month_n which_o will_v be_v more_o troublesome_a and_o chargeable_a than_o 52_o escheator_n and_o as_o many_o feodary_n who_o may_v be_v man_n of_o wisdom_n integrity_n &_o good_a estate_n in_o their_o country_n for_o there_o will_v be_v a_o great_a difference_n between_o the_o charge_n or_o yearly_a revenue_n of_o the_o court_n of_o ward_n which_o be_v make_v up_o of_o many_o small_a part_n and_o favourable_a and_o easy_a rent_n fines_n and_o composition_n quiet_o gather_v and_o pay_v in_o by_o the_o justice_n and_o order_n of_o a_o court_n of_o ward_n &_o honest_a and_o responsable_a officer_n and_o 90000_o l._n per_fw-la annum_fw-la being_n to_o be_v collect_v by_o this_o excise_n at_o the_o charge_n of_o as_o much_o for_o every_o month_n in_o the_o year_n from_o the_o rude_a and_o most_o ignorant_a part_n of_o the_o people_n who_o will_v not_o tributorum_fw-la causam_fw-la quaerere_fw-la sed_fw-la quaeri_fw-la soon_o murmur_n and_o complain_v of_o tax_n or_o tribute_n than_o rational_o inquire_v into_o the_o cause_n of_o they_o and_o by_o a_o weep_a &_o woeful_a arithmetic_a of_o the_o poor_a and_o inferior_a sort_n of_o people_n in_o every_o county_n be_v reckon_v to_o be_v no_o great_a part_n or_o piece_n of_o husbandry_n to_o purchase_v off_o 90000_o l._n per_fw-la annum_fw-la yearly_a charge_n to_o free_v those_o that_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la at_o the_o rate_n of_o 100000_o l._n or_o rather_o 200000_o l._n per_fw-la annum_fw-la which_o be_v to_o be_v pay_v out_o of_o the_o excise_n and_o pay_v 90000_o l._n per_fw-la mensem_fw-la or_o 60._o or_o 30000_o l._n per_fw-la mensem_fw-la beside_o for_o collect_v of_o it_o beside_o the_o free_a quartering_n and_o other_o insolence_n of_o the_o common_a soldier_n and_o by_o make_v that_o part_n of_o the_o excise_n perpetual_a give_v the_o people_n to_o understand_v that_o the_o next_o occasion_n give_v or_o make_v may_v introduce_v a_o perpetuity_n of_o excise_n upon_o all_o other_o thing_n which_o to_o have_v be_v introduce_v but_o upon_o a_o temporary_a and_o not_o like_a to_o be_v long_o last_a necessity_n will_v before_o oliver_n saddle_n have_v be_v put_v upon_o the_o people_n back_n have_v put_v they_o into_o multitude_n of_o complaint_n and_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n james_n and_o that_o of_o our_o late_a bless_a martyr_n king_n charles_n before_o he_o be_v drive_v from_o his_o throne_n will_v have_v be_v but_o only_o in_o the_o advise_v of_o it_o more_o capital_a and_o offensive_a than_o that_o which_o be_v charge_v upon_o the_o late_a earl_n of_o strafford_n and_o make_v more_o in_o one_o single_a fault_n or_o crime_n than_o all_o the_o accumulation_n of_o crime_n against_o he_o can_v arrive_v unto_o and_o be_v so_o dreadful_a to_o this_o nation_n and_o before_o hand_n hate_v as_o they_o be_v afraid_a of_o every_o thing_n that_o tend_v that_o way_n so_o as_o in_o a_o parliament_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n james_n some_o of_o the_o house_n of_o commons_o have_v be_v inform_v that_o the_o king_n have_v employ_v a_o gentleman_n into_o holland_n to_o inquire_v concern_v the_o manner_n &_o manage_v of_o their_o excise_n which_o as_o afterward_o appear_v upon_o examination_n be_v but_o for_o curiosity_n and_o learning_n sake_n be_v so_o trouble_v at_o it_o as_o the_o gentleman_n hardly_o escape_v a_o vote_n whether_o he_o shall_v not_o be_v most_o severe_o punish_v and_o whether_o excise_n or_o not_o excise_n will_v if_o those_o tenor_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o by_o knight_n service_n which_o have_v hitherto_o be_v as_o the_o life_n and_o land-guard_n of_o the_o king_n and_o his_o people_n shall_v be_v take_v away_o some_o other_o way_n of_o mean_n be_v to_o be_v find_v out_o to_o supply_v it_o for_o the_o people_n be_v swear_v by_o their_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n and_o supremacy_n to_o assist_v and_o defend_v the_o king_n and_o all_o his_o right_n and_o jurisdiction_n if_o they_o will_v not_o defend_v he_o and_o take_v a_o care_n of_o those_o oath_n will_v likely_o be_v willing_a enough_o to_o defend_v themselves_o in_o defend_v he_o or_o if_o they_o shall_v not_o their_o representative_n in_o parliament_n will_v as_o they_o have_v for_o this_o twenty_o year_n last_o pass_v not_o only_o assess_v they_o but_o make_v they_o