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be_v so_o notorious_o free_a that_o in_o writ_n of_o right_n it_o be_v never_o mention_v because_o so_o well_o know_v notandum_fw-la in_o servitio_fw-la militari_fw-la non_fw-la dicitur_fw-la per_fw-la liberum_fw-la servitium_fw-la &_o ideo_fw-la quod_fw-la constat_fw-la quia_fw-la tale_n servitium_n liberum_fw-la est_fw-la and_o hour_n rigorous_a the_o feudal_n law_n may_v be_v at_o the_o beginning_n it_o be_v when_o your_o conqueror_n come_v in_o so_o far_o mitigate_v as_o to_o the_o rigour_n of_o it_o that_o the_o tenant_n by_o knight_n service_n be_v not_o only_o free_a by_o k._n william_n law_n from_o all_o arbitrary_a tax_n and_o tally_n but_o also_o obtain_v a_o settle_a inheritance_n to_o they_o and_o their_o heir_n as_o appear_v by_o that_o clause_n in_o k._n william_n charter_n and_o therefore_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o henry_n the_o three_o when_o william_n of_o warren_n earl_n of_o surrey_n be_v question_v after_o the_o statute_n of_o quo_fw-la warranto_fw-la by_o the_o 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normandy_n come_v from_o the_o english_a law_n and_o nation_n either_o not_o long_o before_o or_o after_o edward_n the_o confessor_n time_n in_o the_o customary_a there_o be_v a_o chapter_n of_o nampe_n or_o distress_n and_o it_o be_v there_o decree_v that_o one_o shall_v not_o bring_v his_o action_n upon_o any_o seizure_n but_o from_o the_o time_n of_o the_o coronation_n of_o k._n richard_n and_o this_o must_v be_v our_o k._n richard_n the_o first_o because_o no_o k._n of_o france_n be_v ever_o of_o that_o name_n and_o the_o word_n nampe_n and_o withernams_n be_v saxon_a word_n take_v out_o of_o the_o english_a law_n signify_v a_o pawn_n or_o distress_n and_o in_o the_o same_o sense_n be_v use_v in_o the_o customary_a but_o if_o you_o have_v nothing_o more_o to_o object_n against_o what_o i_o have_v now_o say_v pray_v proceed_v to_o your_o last_o head_n and_o let_v i_o see_v how_o you_o will_v prove_v that_o the_o english_a lose_v all_o their_o ancient_a liberty_n and_o privilege_n 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of_o the_o heir_n of_o the_o
of_o a_o incense_a prince_n may_v just_o inflict_v upon_o such_o rebel_n in_o this_o life_n but_o also_o the_o wrath_n of_o god_n and_o those_o punishment_n that_o he_o have_v denounce_v in_o the_o holy_a scripture_n in_o the_o life_n to_o come_v against_o such_o rebellious_a subject_n as_o dare_v resist_v the_o supreme_a power_n ordain_v by_o god_n f._n before_o i_o answer_v the_o main_a part_n of_o your_o last_o discourse_n give_v i_o leave_v first_o to_o justify_v my_o simile_n for_o though_o i_o grant_v simile_n be_v no_o argument_n yet_o they_o often_o serve_v to_o expose_v the_o absurdity_n of_o several_a thing_n which_o either_o the_o â—alse_a colour_n of_o eloquence_n or_o the_o too_o great_a authority_n of_o learned_a man_n may_v otherwise_o have_v hide_v from_o our_o eye_n and_o therefore_o if_o the_o supreme_a power_n have_v no_o authority_n from_o the_o reveal_v will_n of_o god_n or_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n nor_o by_o the_o municipal_a law_n of_o any_o country_n to_o 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robbery_n or_o murder_n will_v take_v away_o the_o necessary_a use_n of_o gallow_n out_o of_o the_o nation_n since_o we_o know_v very_o well_o that_o as_o long_o as_o the_o corruption_n of_o humane_a nature_n continue_v so_o long_o must_v likewise_o all_o powerful_a remedy_n against_o it_o and_o therefore_o your_o instance_n of_o william_n the_o conqueror_n will_v signify_v very_o little_a for_o i_o believe_v have_v all_o those_o learned_a divine_n who_o have_v of_o late_o so_o much_o write_v and_o preach_v for_o passive_a obedience_n and_o nonresistance_n be_v then_o alive_a and_o have_v exert_v the_o utmost_a of_o their_o reason_n and_o eloquence_n to_o prove_v they_o necessary_a nay_o far_o i_o do_v not_o believe_v though_o all_o the_o people_n of_o england_n shall_v have_v give_v it_o under_o their_o hand_n that_o they_o will_v not_o have_v resist_v or_o rebel_v against_o king_n william_n that_o yet_o he_o will_v have_v trust_v they_o the_o more_o for_o all_o that_o or_o have_v 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government_n be_v severe_a will_n always_o find_v it_o necessary_a to_o ride_v this_o beast_n as_o you_o call_v it_o the_o people_n with_o strong_a curb_v and_o cavesson_n but_o beside_o all_o this_o there_o be_v likewise_o another_o infirmity_n in_o the_o nature_n of_o mankind_n and_o of_o which_o prince_n may_v as_o well_o be_v guilty_a as_o other_o man_n that_o they_o be_v more_o apt_a to_o oppress_v and_o insult_v over_o those_o who_o principle_n or_o natural_a temper_n may_v be_v against_o all_o resistance_n and_o for_o this_o i_o appeal_v to_o your_o example_n of_o the_o primitive_a christian_n who_o be_v not_o one_o jot_n the_o better_o use_v by_o the_o roman_a emperor_n though_o they_o express_o disclaim_v all_o resistance_n of_o those_o emperor_n for_o persecution_n in_o matter_n of_o religion_n and_o though_o some_o neighbour_a prince_n be_v think_v to_o have_v their_o subject_n in_o more_o perfect_a subjection_n and_o that_o either_o their_o religion_n or_o natural_a temper_n make_v they_o less_o apt_a to_o resist_v the_o violence_n and_o oppression_n of_o their_o monarch_n than_o the_o english_a or_o other_o nation_n yet_o i_o desire_v you_o to_o inquire_v whether_o tax_n and_o all_o other_o oppression_n do_v not_o reign_v as_o much_o under_o those_o government_n however_o sensible_a the_o prince_n may_v be_v of_o their_o subject_n loyalty_n and_o obedience_n therefore_o to_o conclude_v i_o shall_v free_o leave_v it_o to_o your_o judgement_n or_o that_o of_o any_o indifferent_a person_n which_o be_v most_o agreeable_a to_o the_o main_a end_n of_o civil_a government_n viz_o the_o common_a good_a of_o mankind_n and_o the_o happiness_n and_o safety_n of_o each_o particular_a kingdom_n or_o commonwealth_n that_o the_o violence_n and_o tyranny_n of_o prince_n shall_v be_v sometime_o resist_v than_o that_o the_o people_n under_o the_o pretence_n of_o this_o irresistible_a power_n shall_v be_v liable_a to_o be_v make_v beggar_n and_o slave_n whenever_o 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raise_v money_n at_o his_o pleasure_n but_o the_o people_n reserve_v to_o themselves_o their_o share_n of_o both_o at_o the_o first_o institution_n of_o the_o monarchy_n all_o those_o prince_n that_o claim_v by_o virtue_n of_o their_o right_n be_v tie_v by_o this_o first_o original_a contract_n whether_o they_o ever_o take_v any_o coronation_n oath_n or_o not_o nor_o though_o the_o crown_n now_o become_v no_o more_o elective_a do_v it_o at_o all_o alter_v the_o condition_n or_o the_o limitation_n of_o his_o ancestor_n as_o long_o as_o the_o present_a king_n hold_v by_o and_o under_o the_o same_o title_n and_o by_o virtue_n of_o the_o same_o original_a contract_n since_o as_o it_o be_v by_o the_o people_n will_n that_o it_o be_v at_o first_o elective_a so_o it_o be_v also_o by_o their_o will_n that_o it_o become_v successive_a since_o every_o entail_n of_o the_o crown_n upon_o heir_n can_v only_o proceed_v from_o the_o people_n agreement_n or_o consent_n to_o maintain_v it_o as_o a_o 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law_n be_v suppose_v to_o have_v be_v make_v will_v have_v pass_v for_o heretic_n that_o be_v all_o protestant_n must_v have_v all_o forfeit_v their_o royal_a dignity_n and_o consequent_o the_o pope_n do_v henry_n viii_o and_o queen_n elizabeth_z no_o wrong_v if_o in_o pursuance_n of_o this_o law_n they_o excommunicate_v they_o and_o declare_v they_o have_v forfeit_v their_o crown_n since_o this_o law_n say_v that_o pope_n john_n testify_v this_o truth_n quod_fw-la nomen_fw-la regis_fw-la perdet_fw-la but_o nothing_o make_v out_o more_o evident_o to_o i_o the_o forgery_n of_o this_o pretend_a law_n than_o the_o notorious_a fault_n there_o be_v in_o the_o chronology_n where_o the_o sentence_n of_o pope_n john_n against_o king_n childerick_n be_v mention_v as_o a_o evidence_n to_o make_v it_o good_a whereas_o indeed_o it_o be_v not_o pope_n john_n but_o zachary_n who_o give_v this_o sentence_n but_o in_o hovedens_fw-fr copy_n of_o this_o law_n there_o be_v yet_o a_o more_o gross_a error_n for_o it_o make_v pipin_n and_o his_o son_n charles_n to_o have_v write_v to_o william_n the_o bastard_n upon_o their_o hear_v this_o definitive_a sentence_n so_o wise_o give_v by_o he_o concern_v the_o title_n of_o king_n all_o which_o be_v so_o notorious_a a_o piece_n of_o folly_n and_o ignorance_n that_o it_o need_v no_o other_o confuration_n but_o grant_v that_o part_n contain_v the_o law_n itself_o to_o be_v genuine_a it_o do_v not_o at_o all_o set_v forth_o your_o original_a contract_n or_o make_v it_o a_o forfeiture_n in_o the_o king_n to_o do_v any_o of_o those_o thing_n which_o you_o suppose_v to_o be_v main_a part_n of_o the_o fundamental_a constitution_n only_o say_v in_o general_a that_o unless_o he_o defend_v his_o earthly_a kingdom_n and_o the_o people_n of_o god_n and_o reverence_v holy_a church_n by_o defend_v it_o from_o injurious_a person_n and_o remove_v evil_a doer_n from_o it_o name_n of_o the_o king_n will_v not_o belong_v to_o he_o now_o all_o this_o the_o most_o absolute_a monarch_n in_o christendom_n even_o the_o king_n of_o france_n himself_o will_v say_v he_o perform_v to_o a_o tittle_n and_o therefore_o there_o be_v no_o fear_n of_o a_o forfeiture_n for_o any_o king_n though_o never_o so_o absolute_a and_o tyrannical_a upon_o these_o term_n unless_o he_o will_v do_v that_o which_o i_o think_v he_o be_v too_o wise_a ever_o to_o go_v about_o to_o destroy_v his_o people_n wilful_o or_o to_o fall_v upon_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n and_o its_o clergy_n as_o for_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o place_n you_o have_v cite_v out_o of_o bracton_n and_o fleta_n to_o prove_v this_o notion_n of_o a_o forfeiture_n i_o must_v free_o tell_v you_o that_o they_o do_v not_o seem_v to_o i_o to_o come_v up_o to_o the_o point_n for_o which_o you_o bring_v they_o for_o as_o to_o that_o place_n you_o have_v cite_v out_o of_o bracton_n non_fw-la est_fw-la rex_fw-la etc._n etc._n you_o and_o i_o differ_v about_o the_o sense_n of_o it_o and_o i_o see_v no_o reason_n why_o i_o may_v not_o still_o keep_v my_o own_o opinion_n the_o other_o place_n i_o confess_v seem_v more_o express_v viz._n that_o it_o be_v the_o crown_n or_o dignity_n of_o the_o king_n to_o do_v justice_n or_o judgement_n without_o which_o it_o can_v hold_v or_o consist_v this_o also_o do_v refer_v only_o to_o such_o justice_n and_o judgement_n as_o the_o king_n be_v to_o give_v and_o distribute_v between_o man_n and_o man_n without_o any_o relation_n to_o his_o own_o action_n towards_o his_o subject_n and_o if_o a_o prince_n will_v not_o do_v this_o either_o by_o himself_o or_o deputy_n i_o grant_v his_o crown_n or_o royal_a dignity_n can_v long_o subsist_v to_o be_v maintain_v since_o this_o will_v bring_v all_o thing_n to_o utter_v confusion_n so_o that_o stranger_n will_v
he_o be_v make_v king_n nor_o can_v i_o see_v how_o their_o take_n of_o land_n from_o he_o can_v make_v he_o become_v a_o absolute_a and_o irresistible_a monarch_n over_o they_o and_o their_o descendant_n so_o that_o if_o upon_o your_o supposition_n all_o the_o owner_n of_o land_n in_o england_n at_o this_o day_n hold_v their_o estate_n either_o by_o descent_n or_o purchase_n from_o those_o ancient_a norman_n or_o french_a proprietor_n they_o must_v also_o succeed_v to_o the_o same_o liberty_n and_o privilege_n as_o those_o under_o who_o they_o claim_v do_v former_o enjoy_v but_o before_o i_o conclude_v i_o can_v but_o take_v notice_n of_o what_o you_o have_v say_v against_o my_o proof_n of_o the_o formal_a election_n of_o king_n william_n for_o if_o the_o keep_n of_o a_o guard_n about_o the_o place_n where_o the_o king_n be_v elect_v and_o crown_v shall_v void_a the_o freedom_n of_o the_o election_n i_o doubt_v whether_o the_o election_n of_o any_o elective_a king_n or_o monarch_n 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custom_n have_v not_o â—â—en_o â—â—cen_v to_o elâ—â—â—_n the_o king_n before_o he_o be_v crown_v it_o be_v not_o likely_a thaâ—_n your_o conqueror_n will_v have_v introduce_v a_o new_a custom_n to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o his_o pretend_a right_n by_o conquest_n but_o indeed_o there_o be_v not_o only_o more_o cogent_a argument_n to_o prove_v that_o the_o crown_n be_v former_o elective_a than_o â—he_v constant_a usage_n as_o you_o yourself_o confess_v ever_o since_o your_o preâ—ended_a conquest_n to_o this_o day_n of_o ask_v the_o people_n whether_o they_o be_v content_a to_o have_v such_o a_o one_o for_o their_o king_n as_o for_o your_o doctor_n quotation_n out_o of_o william_n of_o â—oictoâ—_n pray_v take_v notice_n that_o he_o place_v your_o conqueror_n hereditary_a bequest_n together_o with_o the_o oath_n of_o the_o english_a as_o his_o best_a title_n and_o the_o right_n of_o war_n last_o by_o which_o this_o author_n do_v not_o understand_v a_o conquest_n of_o the_o people_n of_o 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conquer_v for_o they_o be_v either_o his_o own_o subject_n in_o aâ—â—mandâ—_n before_o his_o come_a oâ—eâ—_n hither_o or_o else_o be_v such_o volunteer_n who_o follow_v he_o but_o of_o hope_n of_o estate_n and_o brâ—ferment_n be_v for_o all_o those_o of_o the_o former_a 〈◊〉_d and_o 〈◊〉_d be_v his_o subject_n before_o they_o be_v tie_v not_o only_o by_o their_o 〈◊〉_d oath_n of_o a_o regiance_n which_o they_o have_v take_v in_o normandy_n but_o be_v also_o bind_v by_o the_o same_o obligation_n of_o non_fw-fr resistance_n as_o all_o other_o subject_n must_v always_o be_v both_o in_o that_o and_o all_o other_o government_n to_o all_o which_o be_v add_v another_o obligation_n in_o respect_n of_o those_o who_o be_v not_o his_o subject_n before_o his_o entrance_n since_o this_o whole_a kingdom_n be_v by_o conquest_n the_o conqueror_n as_o appear_v in_o that_o he_o bestow_v the_o 〈◊〉_d part_n of_o 〈◊〉_d his_o followeâ—â—_n who_o blood_n run_v at_o this_o day_n in_o the_o vein_n of_o most_o of_o our_o english_a gentry_n and_o nobility_n as_o a_o reward_n for_o their_o service_n and_o assistance_n though_o he_o may_v have_v some_o part_n to_o the_o english_a native_n and_o their_o heir_n yet_o so_o aâ—_n that_o he_o alter_v the_o tenure_n and_o make_v it_o descend_v with_o such_o burden_n as_o he_o please_v to_o lay_v upon_o they_o so_o that_o as_o well_o â—his_v own_o countryman_n norman_n as_o those_o of_o all_o other_o nation_n who_o thus_o become_v subject_n and_o feudatary_n to_o he_o for_o all_o the_o land_n they_o possess_v in_o england_n since_o he_o be_v the_o only_a directus_fw-la dominus_fw-la or_o lord_n paramount_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n be_v also_o his_o vassal_n and_o subject_n for_o in_o case_n of_o treason_n and_o rebellion_n or_o death_n without_o heir_n those_o land_n be_v to_o return_v to_o he_o again_o and_o to_o be_v aâ—_n his_o dispossal_n so_o that_o all_o subject_n as_o well_o norman_n as_o other_o foreigner_n who_o have_v land_n grant_v to_o 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to_o private_a church_n and_o if_o his_o noble_n or_o follower_n have_v unjust_o dissieâ—ed_v any_o bishop_n or_o abbot_n of_o their_o estate_n the_o king_n cause_v they_o to_o be_v restore_v again_o as_o appear_v by_o many_o precedent_n of_o this_o kind_n which_o be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o ingulphus_n and_o eadmerus_n this_o be_v premise_v let_v we_o see_v in_o the_o next_o place_n what_o proportion_n the_o land_n belong_v to_o the_o church_n do_v in_o those_o day_n bear_v to_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o land_n in_o england_n now_o we_o find_v in_o sprot_n chronicle_n as_o also_o from_o the_o old_a legierbook_n cite_v by_o mr._n selden_n in_o his_o title_n of_o honour_n and_o particular_o from_o that_o secretum_fw-la abbotis_n former_o belong_v to_o the_o abbey_n of_o glassenbury_n and_o now_o in_o the_o library_n of_o the_o university_n of_o oxon_n that_o there_o be_v not_o long_o after_o your_o conquest_n 60215_o knight_n fee_n in_o england_n of_o which_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n and_o 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earl_n have_v all_o the_o land_n mention_v in_o these_o county_n to_o dispose_v of_o at_o their_o pleasure_n and_o that_o they_o turn_v out_o all_o the_o old_a proprietor_n which_o it_o be_v certain_a they_o do_v not_o as_o i_o can_v prove_v to_o you_o by_o several_a instance_n of_o ancient_a english_a family_n who_o have_v hold_v their_o land_n and_o enjoy_v the_o same_o seat_n they_o have_v in_o the_o conqueror_n time_n so_o that_o you_o see_v there_o be_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o difference_n between_o a_o grant_n of_o all_o the_o land_n of_o a_o county_n and_o that_o of_o the_o whole_a county_n what_o be_v mean_v by_o the_o former_a be_v plain_a but_o as_o for_o the_o latter_a it_o general_o imply_v not_o any_o thing_n more_o than_o the_o government_n of_o that_o county_n thus_o whereas_o your_o dr._n will_v have_v it_o that_o the_o great_a part_n of_o shropshire_n be_v give_v to_o roger_n de_fw-fr montgomery_n doomsday_n say_v only_o that_o he_o have_v the_o city_n of_o shrewsbury_n &_o totum_fw-la comitatum_fw-la and_o the_o whole_a county_n but_o that_o be_v soon_o explain_v by_o what_o follow_v &_o totum_fw-la dominum_fw-la quod_fw-la rex_fw-la ipse_fw-la tenebat_fw-la where_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o by_o dominium_fw-la be_v mean_v no_o more_o than_o that_o power_n to_o govern_v it_o which_o king_n edward_n have_v for_o otherwise_o the_o grant_n of_o totum_fw-la comitatum_fw-la have_v be_v sufficient_a m._n i_o confess_v this_o be_v more_o than_o i_o ever_o hear_v or_o consider_v before_o concern_v this_o matter_n but_o you_o do_v not_o give_v i_o any_o positive_a proof_n that_o at_o the_o time_n when_o doom_n day_n book_n be_v make_v there_o be_v any_o englishman_n who_o hold_v earldom_n or_o barony_n or_o other_o great_a estate_n of_o the_o king_n or_o any_o of_o his_o great_a man_n so_o that_o what_o you_o have_v say_v hitherto_o though_o it_o carry_v a_o great_a show_n of_o probability_n yet_o be_v no_o positive_a proof_n against_o the_o doctor_n assertion_n f._n i_o shall_v not_o go_v about_o to_o deny_v what_o william_n of_o malmesbury_n and_o henry_n of_o huntingdon_n so_o positive_o affirm_v that_o for_o sometime_o before_o the_o end_n of_o king_n william_n reign_n there_o be_v no_o englishman_n a_o bishop_n abbot_n or_o earl_n in_o england_n yet_o do_v it_o not_o therefore_o follow_v that_o it_o be_v thus_o through_o his_o whole_a reign_n or_o if_o it_o be_v so_o that_o it_o will_v therefore_o follow_v that_o there_o be_v few_o englishman_n who_o when_o domesday_n book_n be_v make_v possess_v any_o land_n in_o england_n but_o that_o in_o part_n of_o king_n william_n reign_n there_o be_v many_o english_a earl_n and_o baron_n appear_v by_o above_o a_o dozen_o charter_n cite_v by_o sir_n william_n dugdale_n in_o the_o saxon_a and_o latin_a tongue_n in_o his_o monast._n anglic._n which_o be_v either_o direct_v by_o k._n william_n to_o all_o his_o earl_n and_o thain_n or_o else_o in_o latin_a omnibus_fw-la baronibus_fw-la francigenis_n &_o anglis_fw-la or_o else_o omnibus_fw-la baronibus_fw-la &_o fidelibus_fw-la suis_fw-la francis_n &_o anglis_fw-la salutem_fw-la the_o like_a charter_n also_o appear_v of_o henry_n j._n and_o the_o empress_n maud_n his_o daughter_n so_o that_o if_o francigena_n and_o francus_n signify_v a_o frenchman_n and_o anglus_fw-la and_o englishman_n and_o if_o fidelis_n do_v as_o your_o dr._n will_v have_v it_o signify_v a_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la than_o i_o think_v nothing_o be_v plain_a than_o that_o there_o be_v for_o great_a part_n of_o king_n william_n reign_n both_o earl_n baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la of_o english_a extraction_n but_o to_o come_v to_o particular_a person_n it_o will_v appear_v by_o the_o saxon_a or_o english_a name_n in_o doomsday_n book_n as_o also_o by_o several_a recital_n therein_o that_o there_o be_v divers_a english_a
also_o to_o those_o of_o justice_n and_o right_a reason_n for_o a_o usurper_n not_o only_o to_o seize_v the_o throne_n by_o force_n but_o if_o he_o can_v once_o get_v himself_o solemn_o crown_v and_o then_o recognise_v by_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n of_o his_o own_o call_n which_o yourself_o can_v deny_v but_o to_o have_v be_v ever_o too_o obsequious_a to_o the_o will_n and_o power_n of_o usurper_n as_o appear_v by_o those_o instance_n you_o have_v give_v i_o in_o henry_n the_o ivth_o henry_n the_o vith_o and_o richard_n the_o iiid_n the_o consequence_n will_v then_o be_v that_o the_o whole_a nation_n will_v not_o be_v only_o bind_v to_o swear_v allegiance_n to_o he_o but_o will_v be_v also_o oblige_v by_o this_o act_n to_o descend_v he_o in_o his_o tyranny_n and_o usurpation_n to_o the_o utmost_a of_o their_o power_n and_o it_o will_v also_o indemnify_v they_o for_o so_o do_v which_o will_v be_v to_o establish_v iniquity_n by_o a_o law_n and_o will_v destroy_v all_o the_o settle_a foundation_n of_o right_a and_o wrong_n which_o i_o affirm_v god_n himself_o be_v not_o able_a to_o alter_v without_o depart_v from_o those_o great_a attribute_n of_o immutability_n and_o justice_n so_o essential_a to_o his_o divine_a nature_n f._n it_o will_v not_o be_v very_o difficult_a to_o reply_v to_o these_o argument_n since_o they_o be_v ground_v on_o such_o false_a principle_n as_o be_v already_o answer_v as_o first_o that_o this_o kingdom_n be_v by_o the_o fundamental_a constitution_n of_o it_o a_o hereditary_a monarchy_n and_o that_o consequent_o none_o but_o he_o who_o have_v a_o right_a by_o inheritance_n can_v require_v our_o allegiance_n but_o pray_v tell_v i_o where_o you_o can_v find_v this_o fundamental_a constitution_n for_o i_o think_v i_o have_v sufficient_o prove_v that_o there_o never_o be_v any_o such_o thing_n know_v in_o england_n till_o between_o four_o and_o five_o hundred_o year_n since_o that_o king_n edward_n the_o first_o succeed_v to_o his_o father_n henry_n the_o three_o without_o any_o bequest_n of_o the_o crown_n by_o his_o testament_n and_o before_o any_o election_n or_o coronation_n since_o he_o be_v then_o in_o the_o holy-land_n but_o suppose_v it_o now_o to_o be_v a_o hereditary_a monarchy_n 57_o it_o do_v not_o therefore_o follow_v that_o the_o monarchy_n shall_v continue_v always_o in_o such_o a_o family_n for_o that_o may_v sail_v or_o may_v be_v change_v by_o conquest_n or_o usurpation_n as_o have_v often_o be_v and_o the_o constitution_n continue_v so_o that_o the_o most_o that_o can_v be_v say_v be_v that_o when_o any_o particular_a family_n by_o the_o providence_n of_o god_n and_o the_o consent_n and_o submission_n of_o the_o people_n be_v place_v in_o the_o throne_n of_o right_a the_o crown_n ought_v to_o descend_v to_o the_o heir_n of_o that_o family_n but_o suppose_v it_o do_v not_o must_v we_o pay_v allegiance_n to_o no_o other_o person_n though_o possess_v of_o the_o throne_n pray_v sir_n show_v i_o that_o fundamental_a constitution_n for_o its_o be_v a_o hereditary_a monarchy_n do_v not_o prove_v it_o and_o according_a to_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o best_a lawyer_n the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n require_v the_o contrary_a viz._n that_o we_o must_v pay_v our_o allegiance_n to_o he_o who_o be_v actual_o king_n not_o to_o he_o who_o ought_v to_o have_v be_v king_n but_o be_v not_o and_o to_o think_v to_o confute_v this_o by_o pretend_v this_o fundamental_a constitution_n of_o a_o hereditary_a monarchy_n be_v to_o take_v that_o for_o grant_v which_o be_v still_o to_o be_v prove_v and_o therefore_o i_o be_o not_o at_o all_o fright_v at_o the_o dreadful_a consequence_n which_o you_o suppose_v must_v follow_v if_o this_o statute_n of_o henry_n the_o viith_o shall_v be_v law_n viz._n that_o it_o will_v be_v in_o the_o power_n of_o every_o rebel_n and_o usurper_n who_o can_v get_v himself_o crown_v and_o then_o own_a to_o be_v king_n by_o a_o parliament_n of_o his_o own_o calling_n to_o have_v a_o legal_a right_n to_o our_o allegiance_n and_o that_o cromwell_n if_o he_o can_v have_v get_v himself_o once_o crown_v and_o recognise_v may_v have_v be_v defend_v in_o his_o unjust_a usurpation_n against_o king_n charles_n the_o second_o but_o admit_v this_o to_o have_v be_v so_o yet_o it_o be_v still_o to_o be_v understand_v that_o at_o this_o coronation_n he_o have_v take_v the_o oath_n ancient_o take_v by_o our_o king_n and_o that_o the_o parliament_n he_o have_v summon_v to_o recognize_v his_o title_n have_v consist_v of_o the_o ancient_a lord_n and_o commons_o consist_v of_o knight_n citizens_z and_o burgess_n which_o never_o be_v observe_v in_o any_o of_o those_o mock-parliament_n which_o cromwell_n call_v have_v all_o these_o condition_n be_v observe_v i_o believe_v he_o will_v have_v be_v as_o legal_a a_o king_n within_o this_o statute_n of_o henry_n the_o viith_o as_o he_o himself_o ever_o be_v before_o he_o marry_v with_o the_o princess_n elizabeth_n which_o be_v not_o till_o near_o half_a a_o year_n after_o he_o have_v the_o crown_n settle_v upon_o he_o by_o act_n of_o parliament_n so_o that_o though_o upon_o every_o translation_n of_o the_o crown_n from_o one_o family_n to_o another_o the_o first_o prince_n of_o that_o family_n can_v have_v no_o hereditary_a right_o to_o it_o yet_o we_o find_v such_o prince_n to_o this_o day_n take_v for_o lawful_a king_n thus_o your_o william_n the_o conqueror_n king_n henry_n the_o ivth_o and_o king_n henry_n the_o viith_o be_v each_o of_o they_o look_v upon_o as_o true_a and_o lawful_a king_n according_a to_o our_o constitution_n as_o if_o they_o have_v be_v right_a heir_n of_o the_o crown_n by_o lineal_a descent_n and_o though_o you_o may_v say_v that_o as_o to_o william_n i._o he_o have_v a_o good_a right_n by_o conquest_n that_o be_v only_o gratis_o dictum_fw-la since_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v that_o he_o can_v be_v real_o no_o conqueror_n and_o if_o the_o english_a saxon_a monarchy_n be_v hereditary_a before_o the_o conquest_n as_o the_o gentleman_n of_o your_o opinion_n suppose_v he_o can_v be_v no_o other_o than_o a_o usurper_n upon_o edgar_n athling_n the_o right_a heir_n of_o the_o crown_n by_o blood_n and_o as_o for_o henry_n the_o ivth_o and_o henry_n the_o viith_o though_o they_o both_o pretend_v a_o feign_a title_n to_o the_o crown_n as_o heir_n by_o blood_n yet_o it_o be_v plain_a by_o the_o very_a act_n of_o recognition_n i_o have_v cite_v that_o they_o dare_v not_o insist_v upon_o that_o title_n since_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v there_o be_v no_o such_o thing_n mention_v in_o that_o act_n of_o parliament_n wherein_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o kingdom_n unanimous_o agree_v that_o henry_n duke_n of_o lancaster_n shall_v reign_v over_o they_o nor_o yet_o in_o the_o subsequent_a act_n whereby_o the_o crown_n be_v entail_v upon_o himself_o and_o his_o four_o son_n successive_o so_o likewise_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o first_o of_o henry_n the_o seven_o it_o be_v only_o draw_v in_o general_a term_n declare_v that_o the_o inheritance_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n etc._n etc._n shall_v rest_v remain_z and_o abide_v in_o the_o person_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o viith_o and_o the_o heir_n of_o his_o body_n lawful_o come_v etc._n etc._n nor_o be_v there_o indeed_o any_o breach_n make_v upon_o this_o statute_n as_o you_o suppose_v nor_o yet_o upon_o the_o act_n of_o recognition_n of_o king_n james_n which_o you_o so_o much_o insist_v upon_o since_o the_o crown_n be_v certain_o settle_v upon_o two_o prince_n who_o be_v not_o only_o lineal_o descend_v from_o they_o but_o who_o be_v also_o to_o be_v look_v upon_o as_o right_a heir_n unto_o they_o since_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o nation_n who_o be_v the_o supreme_a judge_n have_v declare_v they_o to_o be_v so_o but_o as_o for_o the_o rest_n of_o your_o speech_n whereby_o you_o will_v prove_v that_o this_o act_n must_v needs_o be_v void_a because_o contrary_a to_o the_o law_n of_o justice_n and_o right_a reason_n this_o also_o depend_v upon_o your_o former_a error_n in_o suppose_v that_o prince_n have_v a_o divine_a or_o natural_a right_n to_o their_o crown_n antecedent_n to_o the_o municipal_a law_n of_o their_o respective_a kingdom_n which_o be_v already_o sufficient_o confute_v so_o that_o though_o i_o grant_v it_o be_v not_o in_o the_o power_n of_o god_n himself_o to_o alter_v the_o natural_a foundation_n of_o right_a and_o wrong_v just_a and_o unjust_a yet_o it_o be_v likewise_o as_o certain_a that_o the_o civil_a right_n of_o prince_n as_o well_o as_o those_o of_o subject_n can_v no_o way_n be_v account_v for_o according_a to_o those_o natural_a law_n since_o all_o civil_a property_n as_o well_o in_o crown_n as_o other_o possession_n must_v depend_v upon_o the_o particular_a law_n and_o constitution_n of_o each_o kingdom_n and_o
from_o that_o of_o hereditary_a succession_n which_o mat._n paris_n be_v long_o since_o aware_a of_o 941._o when_o write_v of_o this_o king_n he_o say_v rex_fw-la anglâ—ae_fw-la ex_fw-la conquestu_fw-la dicitur_fw-la tameâ—_n quod_fw-la beatus_fw-la edwardus_fw-la co_fw-la quod_fw-la haerede_fw-la caruit_fw-la regnum_fw-la legaviâ—_n willielmo_n bastardo_n duci_fw-la normannorum_fw-la conquestus_fw-la with_o who_o sir_n henry_n spellman_n in_o his_o glossary_n agree_v willielmus_fw-la primus_fw-la conquestor_fw-la dicitur_fw-la quia_fw-la angliam_fw-la conquisivit_fw-la i._n e._n acquisivit_fw-la purchase_v â—on_v quod_fw-la subegit_fw-la and_o the_o learned_a sir_n john_n skene_n in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr verborum_fw-la significatione_n conquest_n write_v thus_o conquestus_fw-la signifyes_n land_n quiâ—ilk_n any_o person_n acquiriâ—_n and_o possessâ—s_n privato_fw-la jure_fw-la vel_fw-la singulari_fw-la titulo_fw-la vel_fw-la donatione_fw-la vel_fw-la singulari_fw-la oliquo_fw-la contractu_fw-la and_o therefore_o i_o very_o much_o doubt_n whether_o or_o no_o the_o latin_a version_n of_o these_o word_n apres_fw-fr le_fw-fr conquest_n dâ—_n la_o verre_n post_fw-la subactam_fw-la tetram_fw-la be_v as_o ancient_a as_o the_o french_a original_a and_o be_v not_o rather_o the_o version_n of_o some_o clerk_n or_o monk_n who_o live_v long_o after_o but_o whether_o these_o law_n be_v not_o intend_v as_o well_o for_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o english_a as_o norman_a subject_n i_o appeal_v to_o this_o title_n itself_o though_o you_o have_v omit_v part_n of_o it_o twisden_n hae_fw-la sunt_fw-la leges_fw-la &_o consuetudines_fw-la quas_fw-la gulielmus_fw-la rex_fw-la concessit_fw-la vniverso_fw-la populo_fw-la angliae_fw-la post_fw-la subactam_fw-la terram_fw-la so_o that_o unless_o the_o english_a be_v none_o of_o the_o people_n of_o england_n these_o law_n be_v as_o well_o intend_v for_o the_o one_o as_o the_o other_o and_o i_o appeal_v to_o that_o charter_n of_o king_n william_n you_o have_v now_o quote_v whether_o or_o no_o it_o do_v not_o begin_v omnibus_fw-la hominibus_fw-la suit_n francis_n &_o anglis_fw-la by_o which_o word_n certain_o the_o english_a as_o well_o as_o norman_n have_v a_o interest_n in_o those_o law_n and_o privilege_n therein_o grant_v i_o mention_v this_o only_a by_o the_o by_o in_o answer_n to_o what_o you_o have_v say_v but_o to_o return_v to_o what_o i_o be_o chief_o concern_v to_o speak_v of_o the_o king_n be_v sole_a legislative_a power_n in_o the_o first_o place_n i_o shall_v not_o deny_v but_o as_o this_o kingdom_n be_v a_o limit_a monarchy_n so_o it_o be_v suitable_a to_o the_o honour_n and_o dignity_n of_o the_o monarch_n that_o all_o law_n and_o constitution_n shall_v run_v in_o his_o name_n and_o be_v often_o say_v to_o be_v make_v by_o he_o though_o in_o a_o political_a or_o legal_a sense_n they_o can_v not_o be_v make_v without_o the_o advice_n and_o consent_n of_o his_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n and_o that_o this_o be_v the_o custom_n in_o the_o time_n of_o william_n the_o first_o as_o of_o all_z other_o his_o successor_n i_o need_v quote_v only_o the_o 55_o the_o 170._o law_n of_o this_o king_n in_o these_o word_n prout_n statuâ—um_fw-la est_fw-la eye_n scil_n liberis_fw-la hominibus_fw-la &_o illis_fw-la à _fw-la nobis_fw-la datum_fw-la &_o concessum_fw-la jure_fw-la haereditario_fw-la in_o perpetuum_fw-la per_fw-la commune_fw-la concilium_fw-la totius_fw-la regâ—i_fw-la â—â—stri_fw-la praedicti_fw-la from_o whence_o you_o may_v observe_v that_o this_o king_n can_v not_o then_o make_v law_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o common_a council_n of_o his_o whole_a kingdom_n and_o though_o he_o may_v do_v many_o arbitrary_a and_o illegal_a thing_n to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o the_o old_a english_a liberty_n yet_o this_o be_v no_o more_o his_o right_n nor_o any_o more_o to_o be_v quote_v as_o a_o precedent_n than_o his_o seize_v upon_o the_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n land_n and_o violent_o take_v away_o the_o plaâ—e_n out_o of_o church_n and_o monastery_n as_o historian_n tell_v we_o he_o do_v can_v give_v he_o a_o right_n to_o they_o i_o have_v not_o much_o to_o observe_v upon_o the_o reign_n of_o william_n rufus_n since_o we_o have_v none_o of_o his_o law_n leave_v we_o if_o ever_o he_o make_v any_o but_o thus_o much_o we_o plain_o find_v from_o the_o historian_n and_o especial_o eadmerus_n that_o he_o call_v divor_n great_a council_n of_o all_o the_o nobility_n of_o the_o kingdom_n especial_o about_o his_o difference_n with_o anselm_n who_o it_o be_v plain_a he_o can_v not_o condemn_v without_o the_o consent_n of_o this_o great_a council_n but_o to_o come_v to_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o first_o it_o appear_v plain_o by_o w._n malmsbury_n and_o mat._n paris_n that_o he_o be_v elect_v and_o crown_v king_n by_o the_o common_a suffrage_n and_o favour_n of_o the_o clergy_n and_o people_n and_o certain_o that_o council_n who_o voteâ—_n can_v make_v a_o king_n be_v also_o necessary_a to_o all_o such_o law_n as_o he_o be_v to_o make_v and_o you_o yourself_o have_v grant_v that_o this_o charter_n of_o his_o be_v make_v in_o a_o great_a council_n and_o it_o appear_v in_o mat._n paris_n as_o also_o in_o the_o law_n of_o this_o king_n publish_v by_o mr._n lambard_n 62._o thaâ—_n the_o archbishop_n bishop_n baron_n earl_n viscount_n or_o sheriffâ—_n optimates_fw-la &_o totius_fw-la regâ—i_fw-la angliae_fw-la be_v witness_n to_o this_o charter_n and_o i_o can_v tell_v you_o of_o a_o very_a ancient_a archiepiscopo_fw-la charter_n of_o king_n john_n which_o recite_v that_o those_o law_n be_v make_v de_fw-la communi_fw-la consilio_fw-la &_o assensu_fw-la baronum_fw-la regni_fw-la angliae_fw-la it_o be_v usual_a in_o succeed_a age_n at_o the_o coronation_n of_o our_o english_a king_n to_o confirm_v make_v and_o ordain_v law_n de_fw-fr assensu_fw-la baronum_fw-la regni_fw-la vel_fw-la per_fw-la commune_fw-la concilium_fw-la regni_fw-la i._n e._n the_o parliament_n as_o it_o be_v afterward_o call_v as_o for_o henry_n the_o second_v reign_v it_o be_v apparent_a by_o the_o law_n of_o this_o king_n in_o spellman_n council_n that_o he_o grant_v his_o charter_n in_o a_o great_a or_o general_a council_n and_o consequent_o they_o must_v likewise_o give_v their_o assent_n to_o it_o as_o well_o as_o to_o that_o of_o his_o grandfather_n henry_n the_o first_o and_o though_o in_o the_o constitution_n of_o clarendon_n the_o king_n alone_o be_v say_v to_o have_v make_v on_o decree_v they_o yet_o nothing_o be_v plain_a than_o that_o the_o king_n can_v not_o make_v they_o without_o the_o advice_n and_o consent_n of_o his_o great_a council_n or_o else_o to_o what_o purpose_n be_v they_o to_o be_v call_v and_o if_o their_o assent_n be_v necessary_a certain_o they_o have_v also_o a_o â—â—nd_n in_o make_v those_o constitution_n but_o that_o the_o king_n can_v not_o condemn_v any_o peer_n or_o great_a man_n of_o the_o kingdom_n in_o those_o day_n without_o a_o legal_a trial_n in_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n i_o need_v go_v no_o further_o than_o a_o council_n summon_v by_o hubert_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n as_o the_o king_n commissioner_n in_o his_o absence_n where_o log._n hoveden_n tell_v we_o that_o have_v show_v the_o letter_n of_o earl_n john_n to_o the_o bishop_n earl_n and_o baron_n per_fw-la commune_fw-la concilium_fw-la regni_fw-la definitum_fw-la est_fw-la quod_fw-la comes_fw-la johannes_n dissaisietur_fw-la which_o interpret_v that_o passage_n you_o have_v quote_v out_o of_o the_o same_o author_n that_o the_o king_n in_o a_o great_a council_n disseize_v gerard_n canville_n and_o other_o that_o be_v by_o the_o authority_n and_o sentence_n of_o the_o say_a council_n and_o so_o likewise_o in_o the_o same_o sense_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v those_o word_n you_o mention_v the_o king_n appoint_v to_o be_v give_v he_o constituit_fw-la sibi_fw-la dari_fw-la two_o shilling_n on_o every_o ploughland_n that_o be_v he_o desire_v it_o to_o be_v give_v he_o by_o they_o for_o if_o he_o can_v have_v take_v it_o without_o their_o consent_n to_o what_o purpose_n do_v he_o propose_v it_o there_o if_o he_o can_v have_v absolute_o demand_v it_o why_o shall_v he_o only_o request_n or_o desire_v it_o of_o they_o so_o likewise_o for_o the_o great_a council_n in_o king_n john_n time_n nothing_o be_v more_o plain_a than_o that_o they_o be_v party_n to_o all_o the_o law_n that_o be_v make_v in_o his_o time_n and_o that_o even_o the_o great_a charter_n be_v a_o statute_n to_o which_o their_o assent_n be_v likewise_o necessary_a i_o shall_v show_v you_o by_o and_o by_o when_o i_o come_v to_o speak_v of_o the_o great_a chrrter_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o three_o and_o the_o several_a confirmation_n of_o it_o by_o his_o successor_n but_o if_o either_o william_n rufus_n king_n john_n or_o any_o other_o king_n ever_o levy_v any_o tax_n upon_o the_o people_n without_o consent_n of_o the_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n it_o be_v contrary_a to_o our_o ancient_a law_n and_o the_o liberty_n of_o the_o subject_n and_o
to_o the_o judgement_n of_o every_o indifferent_a person_n these_o than_o be_v the_o man_n the_o only_a legal_a man_n that_o name_v and_o choose_v jury_n and_o serve_v on_o jury_n themselves_o both_o in_o the_o country_n and_o hundred_o court_n and_o dispatch_v all_o country_n business_n under_o the_o great_a officer_n as_o will_v appear_v by_o the_o next_o law_n with_o a_o little_a explication_n ut_fw-la jura_n regius_fw-la illaesa_fw-la seruare_fw-la pro_fw-la viribus_fw-la câ—entur_fw-la subditi_fw-la statuimus_fw-la etiam_fw-la &_o firmiter_fw-la praecipimus_fw-la ut_fw-la omnes_fw-la liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la praedicti_fw-la sint_fw-la fratres_n conjurati_fw-la ad_fw-la monarchiam_fw-la nostram_fw-la &_o ad_fw-la regnum_fw-la nostrum_fw-la pro_fw-la viribus_fw-la suis_fw-la &_o facultatibus_fw-la contra_fw-la inimicos_fw-la pro_fw-la posse_fw-la svo_fw-la defendendum_fw-la &_o viriliter_fw-la servaâ—um_fw-la pacem_fw-la &_o dignitatem_fw-la coronae_fw-la nostrae_fw-la integram_fw-la observandam_fw-la &_o ad_fw-la judicium_fw-la recâ—um_fw-la &_o justitiam_fw-la constant_a omnibus_fw-la modis_fw-la pro_fw-la posse_fw-la svo_fw-la sine_fw-la dolo_fw-la &_o sine_fw-la dilatione_fw-la faâ—endam_fw-la now_o the_o judgement_n they_o be_v to_o give_v and_o the_o justice_n they_o be_v to_o do_v by_o this_o law_n beside_o that_o in_o their_o own_o court_n and_o jurisdiction_n be_v principal_o as_o they_o be_v juror_n or_o recognitor_n upon_o assize_n etc._n etc._n though_o some_o of_o the_o great_a of_o their_o milites_fw-la be_v often_o sheriff_n hundredary_n and_o other_o under_o judge_n and_o ministerial_a officer_n of_o justice_n in_o their_o several_a county_n as_o may_v be_v see_v in_o glanâ—ille_n every_o where_o but_o especial_o lib._n 2._o c._n 10_o 11._o lib._n 9_o c._n 7._o c._n 17._o &_o lib._n 13._o throughout_o this_o of_o be_v suitor_n to_o the_o county_n and_o hundred_o court_n etc._n etc._n be_v a_o service_n incident_a to_o their_o tenor_n and_o before_o they_o many_o time_n ancient_o in_o the_o county_n and_o hundred_o court_n and_o not_o private_o in_o a_o chamber_n be_v execute_v deed_n grant_n and_o donation_n of_o land_n contain_v in_o very_o small_a piece_n of_o parchment_n witness_v by_o thomas_n of_o such_o a_o town_n john_n of_o another_o richard_n of_o a_o three_o etc._n etc._n which_o be_v knight_n and_o liberi_fw-la tenentes_fw-la in_o military_a service_n in_o those_o town_n of_o considerable_a estate_n and_o not_o the_o low_a sort_n of_o people_n and_o this_o execution_n of_o sales_n and_o assurance_n in_o open_a court_n be_v as_o public_a and_o notorious_a and_o as_o secure_v as_o if_o at_o that_o time_n there_o have_v be_v a_o public_a register_n for_o they_o f._n before_o i_o answer_v your_o conclusion_n from_o king_n vvilliam_n law_n i_o must_v tell_v you_o i_o be_o not_o at_o all_o satisfy_v neither_o with_o the_o account_v you_o give_v how_o the_o commonâ—_n of_o england_n can_v come_v in_o to_o be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o parliament_n without_o any_o noise_n or_o notice_n take_v of_o it_o either_o by_o our_o act_n of_o parliament_n or_o historian_n since_o it_o be_v not_o only_o improbable_a but_o also_o quite_o contrary_a to_o matter_n of_o fact_n and_o history_n itself_o as_o i_o shall_v i_o hope_v make_v good_a when_o we_o come_v to_o treat_v of_o that_o subject_a nor_o be_v your_o argument_n of_o any_o weight_n since_o it_o do_v not_o follow_v that_o because_o william_n the_o conqueror_n so_o subject_v the_o land_n of_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n to_o tenure_n by_o knight_n service_n that_o therefore_o this_o be_v do_v by_o his_o sole_a power_n without_o any_o law_n for_o it_o make_v by_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n since_o i_o observe_v in_o the_o first_o law_n of_o king_n william_n which_o you_o have_v now_o cite_v that_o the_o very_a service_n which_o you_o say_v be_v reserve_v upon_o the_o land_n he_o have_v bestow_v be_v say_v to_o be_v so_o appoint_v or_o settle_v by_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n and_o therefore_o certain_o the_o service_n of_o the_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n must_v be_v so_o likewise_o and_o therefore_o i_o must_v confess_v myself_o to_o be_v of_o mr._n selden_n opinion_n in_o this_o matter_n who_o presume_v there_o be_v a_o law_n for_o it_o though_o now_o lose_v and_o can_v believe_v that_o this_o king_n how_o powerful_a soever_o shall_v attempt_v to_o introduce_v so_o great_a a_o yoke_n upon_o all_o the_o bishop_n and_o so_o many_o of_o the_o abbot_n and_o prior_n of_o england_n without_o their_o consent_n express_o give_v to_o a_o law_n and_o make_v in_o the_o great_a council_n concern_v it_o though_o that_o law_n as_o many_o other_o of_o this_o king_n be_v not_o now_o to_o be_v find_v but_o to_o come_v to_o the_o main_a design_n of_o your_o present_a discourse_n which_o be_v to_o show_v that_o none_o but_o tenant_n by_o military_a service_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v in_o the_o first_o time_n after_o the_o conquest_n proper_o the_o only_a true_a freeman_n or_o freeholder_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n i_o shall_v show_v you_o that_o first_o the_o notion_n be_v quite_o new_a and_o never_o hear_v of_o till_o the_o dr._n from_o who_o you_o have_v borrow_v it_o first_o broach_v it_o neither_o mr._n lambard_n mr._n somneâ—_n nor_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n nor_o any_o of_o our_o english_a antiquary_n or_o lawyer_n ever_o discover_v any_o such_o thing_n before_o your_o dr._n arise_v to_o disperse_v these_o cloud_n every_o man_n of_o the_o kingdom_n who_o be_v no_o villain_n be_v look_v upon_o as_o a_o freeman_n and_o every_o owner_n of_o land_n of_o inheritance_n though_o of_o never_o so_o small_a a_o proportion_n reckon_v a_o freeholder_n and_o his_o estate_n call_v his_o franc_n tenement_n or_o freehold_n as_o well_o in_o our_o ancient_n as_o modern_a law_n and_o that_o freehold_n be_v not_o restrain_v only_o to_o military_a service_n within_o a_o hundred_o year_n after_o the_o conquest_n appear_v by_o king_n john_n magna_fw-la charta_fw-la in_o which_o it_o be_v express_o recite_v that_o nullus_fw-la distriâ—â—tur_fw-la ad_fw-la faciendum_fw-la majus_fw-la servitium_fw-la de_fw-la feodo_fw-la militis_fw-la nec_fw-la de_fw-la alio_fw-la libero_fw-la tenemento_fw-it quâ—â—_n inde_fw-la debetur_fw-la and_o that_o socage_n tenant_n though_o by_o villain_n service_n be_v as_o much_o freeman_n as_o your_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la see_v spelman_n glossary_a tit._n socman_n where_o he_o say_v thus_o socmannus_fw-la in_o natura_fw-la brevinan_n brevi_fw-la de_fw-fr recto_n propriè_fw-la talis_fw-la est_fw-la qui_fw-fr liâ—e_z est_fw-la &_o tenet_fw-la de_fw-la rege_fw-la seu_fw-la de_fw-la alio_fw-la domino_fw-la in_o antiquo_fw-la dominico_fw-la terras_fw-la svas_fw-la seu_fw-la tenementâ—_n in_o villenagio_n libro_fw-la sancti_fw-la albani_n tit._n honcton_n chap_n i._o rege_fw-la angliae_fw-la manerium_fw-la de_fw-la hâ—â—cton_n tenuerunt_fw-la in_o dominico_fw-la omnes_fw-la tenentes_fw-la liberi_fw-la scil_n &_o custumarii_fw-la per_fw-la sokam_fw-la defendebant_fw-la tenementa_fw-la sua_fw-la etc._n etc._n ex_fw-la quo_fw-la patet_fw-la sokmans_fw-mi liberos_fw-la 〈◊〉_d significare_fw-la but_o since_o you_o seem_v to_o make_v a_o distinction_n between_o freeman_n and_o freeholder_n proper_o or_o improper_o so_o call_v since_o king_n vvilliam_n law_n you_o have_v now_o cite_v do_v not_o warrant_v any_o such_o distinction_n i_o must_v beg_v your_o excuse_n if_o i_o be_o not_o of_o your_o opinion_n for_o the_o first_o law_n you_o have_v quote_v warrant_v no_o such_o thing_n it_o only_o say_v that_o all_o freeman_n in_o general_a shall_v take_v a_o oath_n of_o fealty_n to_o the_o king_n to_o maintain_v he_o his_o land_n and_o honour_n against_o 〈◊〉_d enemy_n and_o stranger_n now_o it_o be_v apparent_a that_o this_o law_n extend_v to_o all_o freeman_n who_o be_v by_o the_o ancient_a saxon_a law_n recite_v in_o the_o addition_n to_o the_o law_n of_o king_n edward_n to_o take_v the_o very_a same_o oath_n in_o the_o folkmote_a as_o they_o be_v after_o your_o conquest_n to_o do_v according_a to_o this_o law_n either_o in_o the_o county_n court_v or_o sheriff_n turn_v nor_o will_v the_o next_o law_n do_v the_o business_n any_o more_o than_o this_o for_o the_o word_n be_v that_o all_o freeman_n of_o our_o say_a kingdom_n may_v have_v and_o hold_v their_o land_n and_o possession_n free_a from_o all_o â—njust_a taillage_n exaction_n etc._n etc._n which_o word_n possession_n extend_v not_o only_o to_o land_n of_o inheritance_n much_o less_o to_o land_n hold_v by_o knight_n service_n but_o also_o to_o estate_n for_o life_n and_o all_o other_o chattel_n or_o possession_n as_o well_o real_a as_o personal_a nor_o do_v the_o word_n servitium_n liberum_fw-la extend_v only_o to_o those_o service_n which_o be_v reserve_v upon_o land_n hold_v by_o knight_n service_n in_o capite_fw-la but_o also_o to_o those_o common_a service_n call_v trinoda_n necessitas_fw-la which_o i_o have_v former_o mention_v â—iz_o the_o building_n and_o repair_v of_o castle_n and_o bridge_n and_o expedition_n against_o foreign_a enemy_n
no_o man_n will_v say_v that_o their_o acclamation_n and_o cry_v yea_o yea_o will_v make_v our_o king_n elective_a any_o more_o than_o it_o can_v do_v it_o in_o the_o case_n of_o k._n william_n who_o have_v a_o title_n by_o conquest_n precedent_n to_o this_o prâ—tended_a election_n though_o i_o grant_v this_o custom_n may_v have_v be_v in_o use_n ever_o fine_v this_o coronation_n of_o the_o conqueror_n but_o that_o king_n william_n claim_v indeed_o by_o conquest_n and_o by_o no_o other_o title_n let_v we_o not_o mind_v his_o specious_a colourable_a pretence_n but_o his_o action_n which_o be_v the_o best_a interpreter_n of_o the_o thought_n of_o prince_n and_o we_o shall_v find_v that_o through_o all_o his_o reign_n he_o govern_v this_o kingdom_n as_o a_o conqueror_n and_o this_o i_o shall_v prove_v by_o make_v good_a the_o three_o instance_n i_o have_v already_o give_v of_o his_o great_a alteration_n of_o the_o property_n law_n and_o civil_a liberty_n of_o the_o people_n of_o this_o nation_n to_o begin_v with_o the_o first_o of_o these_o for_o the_o proof_n of_o which_o i_o shall_v make_v use_n of_o the_o authority_n of_o gervace_n of_o tiâ—bury_n a_o considerable_a officer_n in_o the_o exchequer_n 33._o in_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o second_o and_o who_o receive_v his_o information_n from_o henry_n of_o bloâ—s_n bishop_n of_o winchester_n and_o grandchild_n to_o the_o conqueror_n who_o be_v most_o full_a to_o that_o purpose_n which_o he_o thus_o deliver_v in_o the_o manuscript_n treatise_n call_v the_o black_a book_n of_o the_o exchequer_n which_o i_o shall_v read_v to_o you_o according_a to_o the_o learned_a dr._n b_n translation_n of_o it_o after_o the_o conquest_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o the_o just_a subversion_n of_o the_o rebel_n when_o the_o king_n himself_o and_o his_o great_a man_n have_v view_v and_o survey_v their_o new_a acquest_n there_o be_v a_o strict_a enquiry_n make_v who_o they_o be_v which_o have_v fight_v against_o the_o king_n and_o 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ecclesiae_fw-la tenent_fw-la quibus_fw-la in_o â—num_fw-la congragatis_fw-la eligantur_fw-la plures_fw-la de_fw-la illis_fw-la angliâ—_n quisciunt_fw-la quo_fw-la modo_fw-la terrae_fw-la jacebant_fw-la praefatae_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la die_fw-la qua_fw-la rex_fw-la edwardus_fw-la obiit_fw-la &_o quod_fw-la inde_fw-la dixerint_fw-la ibidem_fw-la jurando_fw-la testentur_fw-la from_o whence_o we_o may_v also_o gather_v that_o this_o trial_n concern_v the_o land_n which_o be_v here_o order_v be_v to_o be_v in_o like_a maâ—ner_n and_o by_o a_o jury_n of_o the_o same_o sort_n of_o englishman_n who_o try_v the_o cause_n between_o earl_n odâ—_n and_o arch_a bishop_n lanfranc_n that_o be_v they_o be_v english_a gentleman_n of_o sufficient_a estate_n or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la if_o you_o please_v now._n let_v we_o look_v into_o the_o time_n when_o this_o happen_v since_o the_o writ_n do_v not_o tell_v we_o when_o it_o be_v only_o that_o it_o refer_v to_o a_o plea_n hold_v concern_v the_o 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