Selected quad for the lemma: land_n

Word A Word B Word C Word D Occurrence Frequency Band MI MI Band Prominent
land_n henry_n king_n normandy_n 2,191 5 11.6427 5 true
View all documents for the selected quad

Text snippets containing the quad

ID Title Author Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication) STC Words Pages
A47023 A theatre of wars between England and France in all the kings reigns, from the time of William the Conqueror to the conclusion of the peace, on the 10th of September, 1697 ... : with a map of England and France on a copper plate / by D. Jones. Jones, D. (David), fl. 1676-1720. 1698 (1698) Wing J934A; ESTC R43322 51,271 110

There are 5 snippets containing the selected quad. | View lemmatised text

surnamed Ceur de Lion was the third Son of Henry the II. but the Eldest when his Father died aged 35 years when he began his Reign the former part whereof was spent by him in the Wars in the holy-Holy-Land William Longshamp Bishop of Ely and Chancellor of England governing the Kingdom during his absence in this War he signalized his Valour to a wonder having first taken Cyprus in his way thither and at Acon in Syria so behaved himself that he became an object of Envy to other Christian Princes especially to King Phillip of France as you shall see hereafter where ever he went Terror was his forerunner insomuch that it grew common amongst those Eastern People to terrifie their Children with the apprehension of King Richard's coming in his return being driven upon the Coast of Dalmatia and thinking to pass home by Land incognito he was made Prisoner by the Duke of Austria who brought him to the Emperor Henry and was detained by him in Custody for a Year and five Months till he paid a great Ransom his unparallell'd Valour and Bravery was the occasion of this misfortune these and other Princes bearing him Envy especially the French King who invades Normandy during his absence which obliged Richard to make a Peace with Saladine for Three Years much to the disadvantage of the cause they fought for Phillip attacked Gisors and had it surrendred to him and many other Places and then hasted to lay Siege to Roan but found such a vigorous defence made by the Valiant and Noble Earl of Leicester that he was forced to quit his Enterprize and so returned into France On the 12th of March 1194. King Richard landed at Sandwich was recrowned again reduced the Kingdom entirely to his Obedience which was much divided because of his Brother John's pretentions in his absence and hearing the King of France had besieged Vernail he passed over into Normandy and arrived at Harfleur with 100 Ships full of Horsemen Armour c. the noise whereof so frighted the Monsieur that he left the Siege and went his ways whereupon Richard enters the French Dominions takes in several strong Places but the Noble Leicester had the misfortune to be taken Prisoner who afterward paid a great summ of Money for his Ransom and soon after ensued a Truce for a short time which was no sooner ended but Richard takes the Field possesses himself of the Castle of Brisen Novencourt c. the French King in the mean time besieging Albermarl whither Richard hastening to succour the Place a sharp Battle was fought between both Armies wherein the French prevailed chiefly upon the account of the English being wearied with their hard March But Richard had no sooner recruited and refreshed his Soldiers but he laid Siege to Miligio took it and burnt it down to the Ground whereupon ensued some overtures of Peace Albemarl in the mean time falling into the French hands and ran the same fate with Miligio Some three Years after Richard turned his Arms against the Barons of Poictiers that rebelled against him with prosperous success till at last besieging the Castle of Chaluz and having brought it to that extremity that he would grant no other Conditions but a surrender at Discretion he was shot in the left Arm out of a Cross-bow with an invenomed Dart by one Bartram de Gordon of which wound he died the 6th of April 1199. after he had reigned Nine Years and Nine Months and was buried at Fonteverard at his Fathers Feet The Causes were that while Richard went on so prosperously in the Holy Land the French King out of Envy and contrary to his Sacramental Oath invaded Normandy which forc'd King Richard to make peace with Saladine so much disadvantagious to all Christendom JOHN THe Brother of Richard who died without issue and youngest Son of Henry the II. succeeded his Brother to the prejudice of Arthur Geoffrey his Elder Brothers Son who was the real heir of Course This Arthur in right of his Mother was Earl of Bretagne in France so that by this exclusion England lost one of the best Provinces in that Kingdom and by advancing John to the Throne we not only lost almost all our Possessions in France but England it self became vassal to the Pope the Clergy of those times growing strangely bigotted to Rome and perverse to the King King John was in Normandy when his Brother dyed and though he wasted over into England with all possible speed to take Possession of the Crown and that his presence was so necessary here for to keep his new Subjects in their Obedience to him yet he could make no long stay for before a Year came about he was forced to return into Normandy again upon information that Phillip King of France had with a powerful Army made an irruption into Normandy who took the Country of Main and several other places from the English the Britons at the same time possessing themselves of the City of Angiers the Towns of Gorney Butenant and Gensoline Arthur doing also Homage to King Phillip for Anjou Poictiers Turain Main Bretaign and Normandy but soon after a Peace was concluded between the Kings and thereby many places confirmed to the French King that he had taken and others yielded up by John upon the account of his neece Blanch's Marriage with Lewis heir of France besides 30000 Marks in Silver paid to Phillip and all this to the great dishonour as well as detriment of the English Nation About two Years after this to wit the third of the Kings Reign one Hugo Brune a Noble Man of Aquitain raised a Rebellion against King John in that Province but he and his Adherents being unable to withstand John's Forces made complaint of him to Phillip of France whereupon he was summoned by the Nobles of France as Duke or Earl of Aquitain and Anjou to appear before the French King and to stand to the Judgment of his Peers which he refused upon which the Court adjudged him to be deprived of all his Lands which he or his Predecessors held of the King of France King Phillip forthwith raises a great Army invades Normandy takes in many Castles and a great part of the Country without resistance but Arthur Duke of Bretaign besieging the Castle of Mirable with Queen Eleanor then in it King John fell upon him there with such Force and Fury that he routed his Army and took Arthur and many others of Note Prisoners Arthur sometime after was sent Prisoner to the Tower of Roan and was there barbarously Murdered some said by King John's own hands but in all this time Phillip prospered in so much that in a very short space King John was in a manner despoiled of all the Lands he held in Fee of the Crown of France King John once and again made great preparations to recover his lost Dominions and had the good success to destroy the French Fleet and recover the Province of Poictou but his Domestick troubles both
from his Barons and Clergy prevented his further designs yet about the 15th Year of his Reign having entred into a strong confederacy with other Foreign Princes he set sail for Bretaign and laid Siege to Nantes where a bloody Battle was fought the French King being once in great danger of his Life but at length proved victorious and took many Prisoners whereof of Note were the Earls of Brabant Holland Flanders and Bolloign the Emperor who was also at the Battle being driven out of the Field and 6000 marks on the King of Englands part was the purchase of a Truce for Five Years Commotions in England soon followed upon the neck of this and for male-Administration in so much that a● length Lewis the Dauphine was invited over by the Barons to take upon him the Crown of England who came accordingly with little opposition but being soon after displeased with their new King they resolved to cast him off and so he was fain at last to depart from whence he came This was an unhappy Reign but memorable for Magna Charta and for building of London Bridge of Stone This King dyed at Lyn as he was marching with his Army to Fight the Dauphine when he had reigned Seventeen Years and about five Months and was Aged 51 Years Anno. 1216. The first ground of this War was That Phillip of France did infringe the Truce made with England for 5 Years and invaded Normandy Then another Truce being made he violated that also and still fomented the Barons Wars HENRY III. COmmonly called Henry of Winchester from his Birth Place succeeded his Father King John at the Age of Nine Years as next heir maugre all the attempts of Lewis the Dauphine of France whose Forces were defeated at Lincoln by the Kings Guardian and Brother-in-Law the famous Earl of Pembrook and so from that time forward things went worse and worse with him most places yielding by Land and his Fleet utterly destroyed by Sea by Hubert de Burg Eustace a Monk that commanded it being slain by Richard a Bastard Son of King John he yielded up his claim to the Crown and so returned with a glimmering of it into France Henry about the 14th Year of his Reign determined to make War upon France and to that purpose he assembled at Portsmouth all his Nobility Knights and such a vast number both of Horse and Foot as never was done by any of his predecessors designing to have recovered all those Territories his Father had lost but when they came to be Shipped they had not Carriages enough for half the Army which he imputed to the Treachery of Hugo de Burg his chief Justice and in a rage drawing his Sword would have killed him had it not been for the Earl of Chester that interposed the Earl of Bretaign who was present and bound by an Oath to conduct the King to his Country and others perswaded him to defer his Expedition for that Season and so his mighty Preparations for the present vanished But the Year following King Henry with a mighty Army sailed into Bretaign and after he had ravaged and committed great Spoil in the Country laid Siege to the City of Nantes but after the Consumption of a vast Treasure and the loss of many Men by sickness and otherwise returned into England the same Year but set all things first in order for the Conservation of the Country of Bretaign The French making use of the Opportunity of the King's absence took the City of Rochel and so pushing on their Conquest reduced the whole Province of Poictiers to their obedience which King John his Father had Conquered whereat Henry being nettled prepared for another mighty Expedition but with the same fatal success as before For after several Bickerings wherein were lost many of his Men he made a Peace and returned re infecta but recovered at last the Province of Aquitain The later part of his Reign was so taken up with intestine Broils in the Barons Wars wherein sometimes he was worsted and imprisoned sometimes prevailed against his Enemies that he had no leasure to look after his Territories abroad and call the French to an Account for them till at last after he had lived 65 Years and of them Reigned 56 and odd Days and lavished away an immense Treasure he resigned his Breath to him that gave it at Edmundsbury in Suffolk was buried at Westminster Anno. 1272 and was happy in nothing so much as in the hopes of his eldest son Edward 1. One Cause of his Wars with France was that the French assisted the Scots against him 2. Another was the Recovery of those Towns and Provinces the French unjustly took from him and his Ancestors EDWARD I. SUrnamed ●ong-shanks the Son of Henry was in the Holy Land with Eleanor his Wife when the Crown fell to him being then about 33 Years old He began his Reign the 16th o● November and arrived with his Queen in England the 15 of Aug. following being in the Year 1273 He proved a warlike wise and victorious Prince and may justly be stiled The best Law-giver He made several Expeditions against Wales and Scotland the latter became Tributary to him and the former he reduced entirely under the Obedience of the Crown of England and has so continued to this day but the Stratagem he used for to satisfy those unruly Spirits and keep the● in Subjection may be worthy of observation Having about the 12th Year of his Reign reduced all Wales and by a Statute made at Ruthyn incorporated and annext it to the Crown of England but finding he could not win the good will of the People unless he would engage to reside amongst them or allow them a Prince of their own Nation to govern them and that after several Conferences no English Deputies would do but that they were content to submit to any Man he should name provided he were a Welchman at length he privily sends for his Queen then big with Child and caused her to remain at Carnarva● Castle where she was brought to bed of a Son at which time he sends for the Barons and chief Men of Wales to come to him to Ruthyn to deliberate about the affairs of the Country and when they came he told them he had now occasion to go out of that Country but before he went he was determined to name them a Prince if they promised to obey him they replyed They would provi●●d he were one of their own Nation wherefore 〈◊〉 King rejoined he would name one born in 〈◊〉 m and that could speak never a word of ●●glish and who was of unspotted Life and Con●● Csation and when all was agreed to he nam●d his Son Edward born as aforesaid But notwithstanding this King had so much to do with Wales and Scotland yet he was no ways ●egligent of his Affairs and Interest in France 〈◊〉 as soon as he had any leasure which was 〈◊〉 the 22d Year of his Reign first like a wise
same day landed at Calais some overtures of a● accommodation were made him from France before he took Shipping but he was no sooner arrived at Calais but the calm Winds of Peace began to blow for he found Maximilian was unprovided of the assistance promised for lack of Money which soon spread through the Army and upon the neck of this he received news also that Ferdinand and Isabel had made peace with Charles King of France upon his restoring unto them the Counties of Rousillion and Perpignan formerly mortgaged unto France by John King o● Arragon however October 15th he left Calais and directed his march towards Bulloigne where h● arrived in four days and so sat down before it 〈◊〉 the Siege continued for near a Month but without any memorable action or accident of War only Sir John Savage a valiant Commander was slain as he was riding about to view the Walls the Town was well fortified and had a good Garrison yet it was much distressed and ready for an assault which if it had been given 't was believed it would have been carried when the Commissioners appointed for that purpose concluded a Peace which was to continue for both the Kings lives wherein there was no Article of importance being in effect rather a bargain then a treaty as my Lord Bacon observes for all things remained as they were save that there should be paid to the King Seven Hundred Forty Five Thousand Duckats at present for his charges in that Expedition and Five and Twenty Thousand Crowns yearly for his expenses sustained in the aids of the Britons and besides this was left indefinitely when it should determine or expire which made the English esteem it as a tribute carried under fair terms and the truth is it was paid both to this King and to his Son King Henry VIII longer then it could continue upon a●y computation of charges but this Peace gave no great contentment to the Nobility and principal Officers of the Army who had many of them sold or engaged their Estates upon the ●opes of the War and they stuck not to say that the King cared not to plume his Nobility and ●nd People to feather himself and others made themselves merry with what the King had said in Parliament that after the War was once begun he doubted not to make it pay it self saying he had kept his Promise However Charles was by this peace assured of the Possession of Bretaign and free to prosecute his designs upon Naples which Kingdom he won though he lost it afterward in a kind of felicity of a Dream after he had passed ●he whole length of Italy without resistance so that it was true what Pope Alexander was wont to say That the Frenchmen came into Italy with Chalk in their hands to mark up their Lodgings rather then with Swords to Fight However Henry in the 11th year of his Reign upon this occasion entred into a League with the Italian Potentates for the defence of Italy He had many intestine broils and insurrections and his Reign is noted for Lambert Simnel and Perkin Warbeck's impostures and no less remarkable for the immense treasure he left behind him a testimony of his avaritious nature and after above 23 years reign and having lived 52 he died April the 22d at his Palace of Richmond which himself had built Anno. 1508. The Causes of his Wars were partly for the relief of Bretaign partly on behalf of the Arch-Duke Maximilian and partly for the recovery of his own right in France HENRY VIII HEir to both Houses of York and Lancaster and the only surviving Son of Henry VII succeeded his Father at the Age of 18 and proved a Prince of great Vertues as well as Vices Towards the fourth year of his Reign the French King making war upon Pope Julius King Henry wrote him monitory Letters to desist as being his Friend and Confederate which letters being little regarded Henry sent to demand his Dutchies of Normandy Guien Anjou and Main and the Crown of France it self but this had the same effect with the former the French King continuing his war in Italy which provoked King Henry so that entring into Confederacy with the Emperor Maximilian Ferdinando King of Spain and other Potentates he determined by the advise of his Council to make War upon France and made preparations both by Sea and Land accordingly and in concert with Ferdinando sends over into Biscay an Army of 10000 Men all foot under the command of the Marquess of Dorset with a design to invade France on that side first for the recovery of the Dutchy of Aquitain but Ferdinand failing in the promises he had made of Horse Ordinance Carriages c. the English after they had waited from May till December for performance returned into England without any memorable action performed their number being considerably diminished through sickness Henry nothing discouraged hereat calls a Parliament who gave him a plentiful supply for carrying on the War wherefore with a Puissant Army wherein were many noble Persons and over which as Captain General was constituted the Earl of Shrewsbury under the King's Person he lands at Calais on the last day of June being the fifth Year of his Reign and the day following lands the Admiral of England at Whitsand Bay entred the Town and burnt it and then returned From Calais about the 21st of July the King marches in great state and good order of Battle towards Turwin where he arrives on the fourth of August and laies close siege to it the French attempting to impede his march but without success Seven daies after came the Emperor Maximilian whom the King received with great Triumph between Aire and the Camp where he enters into the King's Pay and as a Testimony thereof wore St. George's Cross with a Rose the Town made no extraordinary defence for notwithstanding the Garrison consisted of 4000 whereof were 600 good Horse yet they capitulated the 23d and marched away the day following but the King did not think fit to keep the place and therefore rased all the Works and burnt the Town removing first the Ordinance that was in it to Aire from hence he directs his march towards the City of Turnay and about the 21st of September sets down before it it was but weakly Garrisoned but full of Inhabitants and so on the 29th of the same Month was by Capitulation surrendred the Citizens which were to the number of 60000 swearing Allegiance to him Here Sir Edward Poinings was made Governour and of this City Wolsey then the Kings Almoner was made Bishop and so by the way of Calais Henry returns for England and on the 24th of October lands at Dover the Earl of Surrey during his absence having fought the Scots slain their King James IV. and defeated their whole Army The King's Arms thus prevailing by Land in France it self and against the Scots its confederates proved no less successful by Sea for Sir John Wallop
had landed on the Coast of Normandy and burnt to the number of 21 Towns and Villages together with many Ships in the Haven of Trapart Staples and other places The French King by the means of Pope Leo with whom he was now accorded sues for a Peace which was at length concluded the Lady Mary the King's Sister for the tying of the knot being given to the French King in Marriage whom however she did not long enjoy Lewis XII dying 82 days after The remainder of this King's Reign was in a manner spent in Domestick Affairs which is not our Province to treat off till about the 35th Year when in conjunction with the Emperor he again makes war upon France the Emperor took the Field in Person and the English joining him under the command of Sir John Wallop laid siege to Landarsey the French King hasted with a great Army to succour the Town which was brought to great extremity upon whose approach the Emperor expecting to give Battle raised his Siege the Town being by this means relieved that was all the French cared for declining to hazard a Battle and so upon the approach of Winter both Camps broke up The Year following the King raised a mighty Army the Front led by the Duke of Norfolk the main Battle by the Duke of Suffolk where the King intended to be present himself also and the Rear by the Lord Russel attended with many other Nobles as the Earls of Surrey Oxford c. which about Whitsuntide landed at Calais and from thence leaving Bolloign to the right directed their march towards Muterell and were as they passed joined by the Emperors Forces under the Count of Buren but finding the foresaid place extraordinarily well fortified and provided for its defence the Duke of Suffolk with the King's Army wheels off towards Bolloign where he arrives July 19th and pitched his Camp to the East of the Town upon the Hill but thence removing into a Valley after many sharp skirmishes entred the lower Town deserted by the Inhabitants who under the covert of the Smoak got into the high Town undiscovered soon after the Tower called the Old Man was yielded up by sixteen Soldiers that kept it which notwithstanding discouraged not the Garrison who continued to make a vigorous Defence on the 26th of July the King arrives in Person orders a Mount to be raised upon the East-side planted with diverse pieces of Cannon and Mortars which incommoded the Town very much so that few Houses were left whole within it in this distress 200 French and Italians under the conduct of Joncurtio attempted to get into the Town in the Night and succeeded so well by the means of a Priest that spoke English that most of them were got over the Trenches before discovered and a matter of 120 got in the rest being either slain or taken at length a peice of the Castle being blown up the King stormed the place but did not carry it however the Cannon continuing playing and the Garrison having lost the best of their Commanders and men in this Action and fearing as well as concluding that such another assault must carry the Town thought it time to Capitulate before things came to the last extremity and so Articles were agreed upon and the Garrison marched our with Bag and Baggage to the number of 67 Horse 1563 Foot 87 wounded and 1927 Women and Children On the 25th of September the King with the Sword bore before him by the Marquess of Dorset enters Bolloign in Triumph the Trumpets all the while sounding on the Walls and two days after viewing of the Place caused St. Maries Church to be pull'd down and a mount to be made in the Room of it for the strengthning the Town and at his departure made Sir John Dudley Governor and on the first of October lands in England next year September 9th Sir John Dudley then Admiral lands with 6000 Men at Trey Port in Normandy burns the Town and Abby and 30 Ships in the Haven with the loss of 14 Men only The French attempted the recovery of Bulloign again and again but to little purpose so that at length a Peace was concluded wherein it was agreed the French King should pay King Henry 800000 Crowns within the term of Eight Years and then to have Bulloign restored to him but whilst the Oath for Confirmation hereof was taken by both Kings Monsieur Chatillon began to make a new Bastillion at the very mouth of the Haven of Bulloign calling it Chatillon's Garden the Lord Grey of Wilton then Governor of Bulloign advertised the King hereof by Sir Thomas Palmour requiring to know his pleasure therein the King advises with his Councel who all agree the Conditions of Peace ought by no means to be infringed and therefore to let the Bastilion stand whereupon the King ordered his Secretary to write to the Lord Grey to that purpose but then called to Sir Thomas privily and told him that notwithstanding the Contents of that Letter he should from him command the Lord Grey to rase the Fortification to the ground with all speed Sir Thomas replyed That a message by Word of Mouth contrary to a Letter would never be believed well saies the King tell him as I bid you and leave the doing of it to him Sir Thomas upon his arrival at Bulloign delivered the Governor the Letter and withall the Message who hereupon calls a Council what to do wherein they all agreed the Letter should be obey'd to which the Lord Grey himself said nothing but caused the Message to be written down verbatim from Sir Thomas Mouth and those of the Council to set their hands to it and when this was done the very next Night he issues out and rases the Fort to the ground and then sent Sir Thomas back to the King with Letters to acquaint him with what he had done who as soon as he saw him asked aloud What will he do it or no Sir Thomas delivering the Letter said Your Majesty shall know by these but the King half angry said Nay Tell me has he done it or no and being told it was done he turn'd about to his Lords and said what say you my Lords to this Chatillon's Garden is rased down to the ground whereunto one presently answered that he that had done it deserved to lose his Head to which the King immediately replies That he would rather lose a dozen such heads as his was then one such servant that had done it and therewith commanded presently the Lord Grey's Pardon to be drawn which he sent to him with Letters full of thanks and promises of Reward The cause why the King took this course was this lest if he had given order in writing for the rasing of the Fort it might have come to the knowledge of the French before it was done and so have been prevented This may be taken as an instance of King Henry's great Capacity and was the concluding act of his
his Brother Walter Devereux a brave young Gentleman slain with a Musket Bullet before Ro●n the last succors was to the number of 2000 and put under the command of that excellent Soldier Sir Rog●r Williams who was always forward for the greatest attempts and did here excellent service He beat the leaguers that blockt up the Passes about Diep upon such unequal terms that Henry IV. could not but take notice and highly extoll his valour in his letter to the Queen this Queen after a glorious Reign of 44 Years 5 Months and odd days at the Age of 70 Years Anno 1602. and lived longer then any of the Kings of England since the Conquest dyed at Richmond and lies buried at Westminster The causes of the War in this Queen's time were not direct but collateral in behalf of the King and Reformists of France JAMES I. THen the sixth King of Scotland of that name t was immediately upon the death of Queen Elizabeth proclaimed King of England Scotland France and Ireland c. as being descended from the united Roses of Lancaster and York King Henry VII and Queen Elizabeth his Wife whose issue by the Male failing in the late deceased Queen Elizabeth the off-spring of Margaret their eldest Daughter was next heir which Lady was married to James IV. King of Scotland by him had issue James V. whose only daughter Queen Mary was Mother to this our Monarch This King was of a timorous Nature and peaceable Disposition so that Beati Pacifici was his Motto and was so far from making any pretensions to the Crown of France or any part of its Dominions notwithstanding his great power and the flourishing state of the Nation that he suffered his Son-in-Law the Palsgrave and his own Daughter Elizabeth his Wife with their numerous issue not only to be beaten out of Bohemia but even from their just Patrimony the Palatinate and to live many years in great want and Penury to the Kings great dishonour who was nothing but a bluster of Words and ever and anon sending Embassadors till all was quite lost and unretriveable this King died at Theobalds March 27th in 1625. in the 59 year of his Age having reigned 22 years compleat CHARLES I. THe only surviving Son of King James for that noble Prince Henry died before his Father succeeded to the Imperial Crown of England the reformed in France in the beginning of this King's Reign lay under great oppressions from their King Lewis XIII and his prime minister of state Cardinal Richieu in so much that they were forced for their fafty to have recourse to Arms under the command of that ever famous Cap. the Duke of Roan by Land and Monsieur Sobiez his Brother who rid Admiral at Sea and by that means Rochel besieged by the French King's Arms was relieved upon all occasions hereupon thro' the contrivance of the Duke of Buckingham an English Fleet was sent to join that of the French under the Duke of Momerancy the Dutch then basely concurring with some Ships of their alsos with which united force Momerancy fights and utterly defeats the Fleet of the Rochellers under Monsieur Sobiez and then reduced the Isles of Rhee and Oleron under the French Power but Buckingham soon after changing his Sentiments the grounds whereof we 'll assign in the causes of this War there is a Declaration of War published against France and 〈◊〉 the Prosecution of the same with Vigor the Duke is commissioned Admiral and General of a Navy of an 100 Sail and 6 or 7000 land Soldiers with which he came before Rochel still besieged by the French where Sobiez came on Board of him and for several reasons it was agreed to land the Army on the Island of Ole●on and not on the Isle of Rhee But Sobiez going to perswade the Rochellers to join with the English the Duke before his return lands on the Isle of Rhee in spight of the opposition made by the French but instead of pursuing the blow not only neglects to take the Fort la Prie to secure his retreat and prevent the French from landing supplies but staies five days whereby Toiras the French Governour incouraged his Men and also got more Force and Provisions into the Cittadel of St. Martins the French were so allarmed at this invasion that the King offered the Duke of Roan and the Rochellers any terms to join against the English which both refusing caused both their Ruins The Enemies retreat upon the landing of the English was so hasty that they quitted a Well about 20 paces from the Counterscarp which supplied the Cittade● with Water which not being possest by the English upon their first approach the French drew a work about it which ou● Men could not force and without which Well the besieged could not have subsisted however the Duke resolves to take the Fort by Famine bu● instead of pressing it with a strait Siege he entertains a Treaty of surrender with Toiras and several complements past between them subscribed your Humble Servant Buckingham and you Humble Servant Toiras till the latter got relief 〈◊〉 Men Victuals and Ammunition and then brok● off the Treaty with the Duke soon after th● the French landed Forces on the Island by th● neglect of the English to oppose them and orde● were given to draw the English out of the Trenches which the French possess whereupo● the English were forced to Retreat at last the Du●● makes a vain storm upon the Castle but 〈◊〉 beaten off and two days after retreats the 〈◊〉 being now equal to him in Foot and superior Horse when the English were intangled in th● Retreat the Duke having neglected to take la Prie or build a Fort upon a narrow Lane or Causey to secure their Retreat the French charged the English Horse in the Rear and rout them who rout the foot in the narrow passages between the Salt-pits and Ditch but in this confusion and adversity the bravery of the English appear'd for a few having past the Bridge the French following the English rallied and faced about gallantly to charge the French who cowardly retreated over the Bridge and of this a Forraign Author speaking saith The English were magis audaces quam fortunati and withall taxeth them for want of secrecy in their Counsels and Conduct of so great an affair the Duke of Buckingham upon his retreat from the Isle of Rhee promised the Rochellers to send them speedy relief now close besieged by the French King and upon return sent away the Earl of Denbigh his Brother-in-law with a Fleet to that purpose who on the first of May 1628. arrives before Rochell where he found the French Fleet consisting of 20 Sail had blockt it up by Sea upon the Earls approach the French retire towards their Fortification and anchored within two cannon shot of our Fleet and so continued till the 8th of May. The Earl promised the Rochellers to sink the French Fleet when the Waters increased and the