Selected quad for the lemma: land_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
land_n	heir_n	tenant_n	ward_n	1,396	5	10.7642	5	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A54688	Ligeancia lugens, or, Loyaltie lamenting the many great mischiefs and inconveniences which will fatally and inevitably follow the taking away of the royal pourveyances and tenures in capite and by knight-service, which being ancient and long before the conquest were not then, or are now, any slavery, publick or general grievence with some expedients humbly offered for the prevention thereof / by Fabian Philipps.	Philipps, Fabian, 1601-1690.	1661 (1661)	Wing P2010; ESTC R7943	37,109	71

LIGEANCIA LUGENS OR LOYALTIE LAMENTING The many great Mischiefs and Inconveniencies which will fatally and inevitably follow the taking away of the Royal Pourveyances and Tenures in Capite and by Knight-Service which being ancient and long before the CONQUEST were not then or are now any Slavery Publick or General Grievance With some Expedients humbly offered for the prevention thereof By Fabian Philipps LONDON Printed by J. M. for Andrew Crook and are to be sold at his Shop at the Green-Dragon in St Paul's Church-yard 1661. Ligeancia Lugens OR Loyaltie Lamenting The many great mischiefs and Inconveniences which will fatally and inevitably follow the taking away of Tenures in Capite and by Knight-Service which being Antient and long before the Conquest were not then or are now any Slavery Publique or General Grievance THe King will upon occasion of Warr want the obligations and service of his Nobility and Gentry which hold in Capite Their Homage which is the Seminary and Root of the Oath of Allegiance The Education of the Heirs of persons disaffected which hold in Capite when they shall be in ward or minority His Tenants will be the more enabled to alienate their Lands to his Enemies or such as are disaffected which common persons in their Leases one to another do usually prevent and prohibit Provision for maintenance education and portions for younger Children care of payment of Debts preservation of the Wards estate Woods and Evidences will be neglected Finding of Offices after the death of the Ancestors extents of Mannors and Lands a light to Titles and Discents of Lands and recovery and making out of Deeds and Evidences laid aside Genealogies and Pedigrees darkened and Descents not at all to be proved Contention concerning the rights of Guardianship encreased and multiplyed The Mothers of Fatherless Children in their minority made the Guardians permitted to sacrifice the children of the first husband to the spoil and interest of a Father in Law and his second Children Or make them to be a prey to the kindred of the Mothers side who will neither be so kinde or carefull as those of the Fathers Or to Trustees Executors or Administrators who are too many of them dayly experimented to be false to their Trusts and may be as bad in their Guardianships There will not be so good a means as formerly for the preservation of the Wards Estate from false or forged Wills fraudulent Conveyances and other Incumbrances Nor for preventing of the Heires of Tenants in Capite to be disinherited by Heirs by second Ven●ers forged Conveyances or Wills frewardness of an aged Father or cunning of a Stepmother In Socage and that ignoble or Plow-Tenure there will not be that ready defence for the Kingdom as in Capite and by Knight-Service All the Antient Baronies which are annexed to antient Earldomes and Baronies and the newly created Baronies being by Law and the signification of the words a Complexum of honorary possessions belonging to Earls and Barons aswell as of the honour and title residing in their persons cannot now be properly called Baronies and he that was a Baron before will in a strict interpretation of the Feudal Laws from whence they had their beginning be no more nor no better then a Soke-man Alter and disparage the fundamental and ancient constitution of Peerage by making them to hold in Socage which no Baronies in the Christian World ever did or can be found to do The antient Earls and Barons who hold as Tenants in Capite and per Baroniam as the Earl of Arundell who holdeth by the Service of Eighty four Knights Fees and the Earl of Oxford by thirty many others may be greatly prejudiced The Nobility and Gentry of England will by the taking away of their mesne Tenures by Knight-Service be disabled to serve their Prince as formerly or bring any men into the Field The Subjection and Rights of the Bishop of the Isle of Man who holdeth immediately of the Earl of Derby will be taken away The profits of the Kings Annum Diem Vastum will be lost or greatly disturbed and his and the Nobilities and Gentries Escheates which as to a third part of that which is holden in Capite or Knight Service could not before have been conveyed away will be in no better condition Our Original Magna Charta which is holden in Capite and all the Confirmations of the English Liberties Franchises of the City of London and many other Cities and Boroughs which before 9 H. 3. did use to send Burgesses to Parliament will be enervated Destroy or weaken the antient Charters of the City of London for what except their Court of Wards or Orphans concerns their Customs and Husting Courts Put into fresh disputes the question of Precedency betwixt England and Spain which belongeth to England in regard it holdeth of none but God and hath Scotland Ireland and the Isle of Man holding in Capite of it Not well agree with the honour of England and the Monarchy and Superiority thereof to have the Isles of Garnesey and Jersey which are a part of Normandie to hold of the King by Feif roturier or the Principality of Wales and the Isles of Wight and Man to hold in Socage Damnifie all the Nobility and Gentry in their mesne Tenures in which they have a propriety which our Magna Charta and a greater then that twice written by the finger of God himself do without a crime forfeiting it or a just consideration or recompence for it which a relaxation of their own Tenures and Services will not amount unto forbid to be taken away Prejudice the Families of Cornwall Hilton and Venables who are called Barons as holding per Baroniam though not sitting in Parliament Bring a dis-repute upon the Esquires and Gentry of England whose original was from Tenures by Knight-Service Take away a great part of the root and foundation of the Equestris Ordo which was derived out of Tenures in Capite Blast and enervate the degree of Baronets Take away the cause of the eminent degree of Banneretts Make our heretofore famous Nation in Feats of Arms and Chivalrie to be but as an Agreste genus hominum or a race of Rusticks like the Arcadians Take away or weaken all the Mannors and Court Barons in England which were derived or had their original from Tenures in Capite Turn Tenures in Capite which from the Duty of Homage and acknowledgment of Soveraignty were so called into a Tenure which by only acknowledging a Fealty for particular Lands which they hold is but à Latere and no more then what one man holding by a Lease for years is by Law bound to do to another Release the aid of the Maritime Counties and Ports in case of Warr and Invasion Extinguish the Duties which every Hundred upon the Sea Coasts do owe in that which which was called the Petty Watches Discharge the Mises or Payments which in Wales and Cheshire are due to the Kings

it ought to be the mesne rates and forfeitures which may be avoided were either pardoned or gently compounded and of so small a consideration in the Kings Revenue by Wardships as in Anno 1640. and a time of peace the Account thereof amounted to no more then Nine hundred ninety two pounds fifteen shillings two pence half-peny half-farthing And where a minority happened which in Times of less luxury was but seldome many were either Knighted or Married before they attained to their full age and Heirs females were not infrequently married long before their age of 21. there being not one with another one in every seven that died leaving an Heir in Minority Which may the better be credited for that if Report mistake not a Family of Poynings or Pointz having from the Reign of King H. 1. now almost six hundred years ago not had an Heir in minority And it is certain enough that in twenty Discents of the Family of Veeres now Earls of Oxford in the space of six hundred years and some thing more and the Warrs and Troubles which happened in many of them there have not been but six in minority when their Fathers or Ancestors died and the like or less may be found or instanced in many others And for one that is left very young at his Fathers death there are commonly nineteen that are of greater age and for one betwixt five years old and ten there are ten that are above the age of ten and for one that is betwixt that and fifteen there are seven that are above it for that most commonly in such early marriages as these times affoard which in great Estates are not seldome the sons are at age or a great part of it before their Fathers death and do keep a better account of their Fathers age then they do of their own And then the marriages which now generally bring ten times bigger Portions then one hundred years ago were most commonly granted to the mothers or to the next and best friends if they petitioned within a moneth after the death of the Fathers or Ancestors and where there were considerable debts or many younger children were not rated at above one years improved value if the Estates were not indebted or incumbred with younger childrens portions and a great deal less if it were as may easily occur to any that shall compare the Fines for marriages appearing in Sr Miles Fleetwood the Receiver Generals Accounts of the Court of Wards with the value of the Lands in Wardship where very small sums as 40 50 80 or 100 l. Fines for Marriages may be found to be set upon an Estate of 2 or 300 l. per Annum And most commonly compounded for to the use of the Ward himself and from Heir male to Heir Male although they were six or seven of the Sons of the same father for the same fine or compositi on if the Ward should dye which or the like favour as to Lands is not used by Lords of Mannors upon admission of Tenants to Copy-hold Estates The Lands where there were no Dowers or Joyntures which ordinarily did take away a third part or more were leased for a small Rent not exceeding most commonly the tenth part and very often according to the troubles incumbrances and debts upon the Estate at the fifteenth or twentieth part out of which the Ward had an exhibition yearly allowed towards his Education if of small age after the rate of 10l. per Cent. of the revenue of the Lands certified by the Feodary or if at University or in Travel beyond the Seas had a better allowance The Licences for Marriage which is totally denyed in Copy-hold Estates and would be therein gladly purchased were of so small profit to the King seldom happening or cheaply granted and in that of great Ladies not called for as it came to no more in the 16th year of the Raign of King Charles the First then 37l. 3 s. 4 d. And the Licence to compound with Copy-holders for their Admittances in the times of the Lords of the Mannors Wardships so easily and for a little granted as in that they came but unto 50l. The fines upon the making of the Leases or Grants of the Lands were small and more pro forma then otherwise at 10 s. 15 s. 12d. 6d c. and very small summs of money when they exceeded And whatsoever charges or payments may happen by Wardships which all things duely considered are less then what is paid upon Copy-hold Estates may by Law and the favour of former Kings be for a great part escaped by conveying away in their life times or devising by will two parts in three of all their Lands leaving a third part to descend to the heirs for payment of Debts and preferment of Wives and Children the heires of Tenants in Capite and men of any considerable Estate very often marrying before the age of One and twenty years and having all or the most part of the Fathers Estate reserving some Estate for life and the Mothers Joynture or Dower excepted setled upon them Which they may well be contented with when as all the charges and burdens as some do cal them which do happen upon those Tenures are lesser then the payment of the first-fruits of Benefices and Bishopricks to the Clergy with Procurations Synodalls other necessary charges in the Bishops Visitations lesser then that of Tenths according to the then true yearly value reserved by King H. 8. and E. 6. upon their Gifts Grants Sales and Exchanges of Abby Lands lesser then the payment of Tythes and lesser and more seldom then the easie payments and burdens upon Copy-hold Estates when as those that purchased any of those kinde of Lands either charged with Tythes or Tenths or the Duties or incidents belonging to Lands in Capite and by Knight-Service did buy them with those Concomitants which neither buyer nor seller were able to purchase or discharge and cannot pretend it to be a grievance because they cannot enjoy them freer then they purchased or expected no more then he that buyes a Calf can complain it was not an Oxe then hee that bought a Copy-hold Estate after the rate of an Estate of that nature and did suite and service belonging unto it can afterwards think himself to be ill used or under any oppression because it was not free-hold or hee that bought a Lease can justly conceive himself to be injured by him that sold it because he hath not the Reversion or Fee simple of it And should if rightly examined and duly considered be no more a cause of complaint or grievance then the weakness in Estate of a Tenant overwhelmed with debts and his disability to pay a cheap and easie Rent of Twenty pounds per Annum though it makes that Rent to be a burden which formerly and being not indebted he found to be none can make it either to be a grievance or unreasonable

Principal Flower of the Crown which being not used to be made-up or grow out of Grievances Cannot be disparaged by those clamours and crys which have more then needed been made concerning the Earl of Downes concealed Wardship and the inconveniences arising thereby which did not the tenth part of that prejudice to his Revenue and Estate which his prodigality and other Extravagancies afterwards brought upon it and might how soever have been prevented if his mother in law or any other of his friends upon the several Requests of the Master of the Court of Wards and the Officers of that Court would have petitioned and compounded for his Wardship and not have made those many Traverses and Denyals in those many Suits of Law and pursuits which were afterwards made to compell them to it Nor will that or any other which are pretended grievances be ever equal or come up to those farr exceeding real and certain grievances which too many of the Fathers in law of England into whose hands and custody most of the Wardships or Guardianships are endeavored to be more then formerly put will if those Tenures shall be taken away bring upon fatherless children and will in a short time do more harm to the childrens Estates of the first husband then ever yet happened by Wardships to the King and mesne Lords Which the case of one that twelve years ago had the Revenue of an Infant amounting unto above 700l. per Annum charged with no more then 1000 l. debt and a great personal Estate committed to his Trust hath to this day paid none or a very small part of it but keeps the Rents and profits allowing a small exhibition to the Infant to his own advantage Of another that hath sold and wasted Woods and Timber of a Minors to the value of Ten Thousand pounds sterling And many more sad deplorable Experiments which abundantly induce to believe as well as lament them are not to be found in those well-ordered easie way of the Grants and Dispositions of Wardships which happened by Tenures in Capite by Knight-Service Which may appear to be the better established upon greater grounds of Law right Reason Justice and Equity when as many of the Lords of Manors and Copy-hold Estates who do now enjoy by those Tenures many Rights Seignories and commands with view of Frank-pledge Deodands Felons Goods Wrecks Goods of Out-lawed persons and retorna Brevium granted and imparted to their Ancestors by the bounty and favor of his Majesties Royal Progenitors who did not think it to be a grievance to have Abby or religious Lands which were freely given or cheaply granted to them held in Capite and by Knight-Service though there were at the same time a Tenth of the then true yearly value reserved would not upon the pretence and clamours of some Copy-holders concerning Fines incertain and the rigours and high demands put upon them by some Lords of Manors who have 5 or 600 Copy-holders in some Manors belonging unto them and can ask 13 s. 4 d. per Acre for some Lands and 10 s. per Acre for others to permit them to take their Estates hereafter at a reasonable Fine certain and whether poor or rich indebted or not indebted and charged with children or not will seise their Herriots and take as much as they can get upon the admissions of the Heir or the out cries against the many costly and vexatious Suits which have tired Westminster-Hall and some Parliaments concerning Fines incertain be well contented That their power of rating and taking Fines should be restrained or that they should be ordered upon the admittances of their Copy-hold Tenants by Act of Parliament to permit their Tenants without such Fines as they usually take to surrender and alien two parts in three for the advancement of their Wives payment of debts or preferment of Children as the Kings of England and mesne Lords have limited themselves or should be tyed upon the death of every Tenant and admission of his Heir as King James was pleased to limit him and his Heirs and Successors That upon consideration of Circumstances which may happen in assessing Fines either by reason of the broken Estate of the deceased want of provision for his wife his great charge of children unprovided for infirmity or tenderness of the Heir incertainty of the Title or greatness of Incumberances upon the Lands there shall be as those or any other the bike Considerations shall offer themselvs used that good discretion and conscience which shall be fit in mitigating or abating Fines or Rents to the relief of such necessities Or to release and quit all their Royalties in their Manors nor would think it a good bargain to have no Compensation or Recompence at all for them or no more then after the rate of what might Communibus Annis one year with another be made of them or that they could with justice and equity lay the burdens and payments of the Copy-holders upon the Free-holders and Cotagers Which if they do not now take to be reasonable in their own cases may certainly give every man to understand how little reason there will be to take away the dependencies and benefits by Tenures in Capite and Knight-Service holden of the King and mesne Lords Or to abridge the King of that harmeless power never before denyed to any of his Ancestors to create Tenures in Capite and by Knight service or in grand Serjeanty for the defence and honour of the Kingdom upon new Grants of Lands or Favours especially when ●s His Majesty that now is did by His Declaration of the thirtieth of November last concerning the establishing and quieting the Government in the Kingdom of Ireland which hath been since very much liked and approved by the Parliament of that Nation insert a Saving of the Tenures of the Mesne Lords and ordained Tenures in Capite and by Knight-Service upon the Lands which shall be set out to the Souldiery for their Arrears Or that Tenures in Capite not by Knight-Service with all petit Serjeanties which as Sir Edward Coke saith is a Tenure as of the Crown that is as he is King and the Profits and Reservations upon them which if well gathered would make some addition to the Royal Revenue should by the pattern of Olivers so called Act of Parliament be taken away when there are no Wardships incident thereunto and that aid to make the Kings eldest Son a Knight or marry his eldest Daughter should be taken away in the Capite and Knight-Service Tenures and left to remain in the former Socage Tenures or how little it will be for the good of the people if the intended Act of Parliament shall order the Tenures in Capite by Socage to pay double their former quit Rents or other Rents or Incidents belonging thereunto or to pay for a Relief double their petit Serjeanties or other Duties reserved When as Tenures in Capite and by Knight-Service

them That a severe Act of Parliament be made against such as shall mis-use or waste any Wards Estate Lands Woods and Timber committed or granted to them or any personal Estate which belongeth unto them or shall not give them fit education or shall disparage them in their Marriages or marry them without any competent portion or shall not within a moneth after the death of such Ward or coming to his age of One and twenty years make a true accompt and payment unto the said Ward or his Heirs or Executors of all that shall be by them due and payable to him or them by reason of the said Wardship upon pain of forfeiture to the use of the said Ward his Heirs or Executors besides the said moneys due and payable to the use of the said Wards double costs and damages expended or sustained therein And that if any thing of grievance shall appear to have been in the compositions for Royal Pourveyances or in Cart taking which that which was called a Parliament did shortly after the death murder of the King very much mistake when in their Declaration sent into all the parts of the world of the causes and reasons of their erecting a Commonwealth they were pleased to averr that which the people of England know how to wonder at but not to make affidavit of that they exceeded all their Taxes and Assessments laid upon the people And that if the manage of those antient customes should require some better order to be taken there may be such a reiglement as may consist with his Majesties Honor and Profit and the ease and good of his people Or if a Tryal and experiment be to be given the people or those who like children will trouble a kinde and tender hearted Parent with Requests and Importunities to give them stones instead of bread and Scorpions for Fishes of the Inconveniences of taking away of antient Land-marks and good old Lawes and Customs tryed and approved in this Nation for more then One Thousand years and a great deal more in others and the greater and more to be feared Inconveniences of Excises losses and damage to the Royal Revenue and committing the Tutelage protection and ordering of the best Families of the Kingdom and their Estates during their minorities to the prey and ill management of those that can get them and will never so well execute those Trusts as the King who hath not nor can as they have any private passions Interests or Concernments to carry him out of the waies of Justice And that if such or the like Regulations to be added by His Majestie or His Counsell will not be enough to perswade the people from being Pelo's de se or longing for their own ruines The Act of Parliament intended to take away Tenures in Capite and by Knight-Service may be with a reservation of Escuage service in Warr and Homage without the incidents of Wardships and be but as a Probationer to continue untill three years and the next ensuing Parliament after that time expended which may either continue the Act or suffer it to expire Which with other Regulations which may be made in separating from the right use any abuses which may be found to have crept into those Seminaries of Honor that standing more noble and more obliged Militia that legal and antient Constitution or the management thereof and giving if need be some better Rules and Orders may preserve unto the King and his Successors that great part of his Regal Jurisdiction and power to defend himself and his people and to the People that most antient and fundamental Law which is attended by many other Fundamentals Customes Rights Usages in relation affinity to it not to be parted withall keep us from serò sapiunt Phryges the fate of those that would rather repent bitterly and too late then yield to those counsels or admonitions which might have prevented it and from a worse complaint by as much as the whole differs from a part made by Monsieur la Noüe that great Captain and Soldier of France in the Raigns of their Francis the First and our Henry the Eight and Edward the Sixth of the alienation and decay of the Feiffes Nobles and Arrierebans by granting them in Mortmaine and to Roturiers or men ignoble wherein he informs us that Francis the First and Henry the Second Kings of France did do all they could to reduce them to their former Order and was of opinion that Barbarians have better observed that policie in Government then Christians and that the Obligation of those Military Tenures sont bien estroites are very binding Et avec lesquelles les Roys de France par l'espace de sept cent Ans ont faites choses memorables and wherewith the Kings of France have for seven hundred years atchieved great things That the wings of our Eagle may not be clipped nor the paws of our Lyon which is to defend his Kingdoms and people lamed lessened or cut shorter that the common and poorer sort of people may not as they do begin already complain that the Nobility and Gentry have to ease themselves bound heavy burdens upon them that we may not as Bodin relates of Henry the Second King of France fall into his mistake who raising a great Taxe upon the people whereby to free them from the ravage and insolencies of the hired Soldiers found it afterwards to be an increase of their grievances That the people may not do by their fundamental Lawes which they were but lately much in love with and called their Birth-Rights as some young Prodigals do by their Fathers dearly gained Lands sell them for a mess of Potage with Coloquintida in it which would be a greater folly then the hungry Esau committed or as some young Gentlemen do when to get or save a little money they pull down their Ancestors antient great and hospitable Houses and sell the Timber Lead and materials thereof to put themselves in a more speedy way of ruine That our King who in extent of his Dominions and the Antiquity of his Royal Blood and Descent is superior to the most of Kings and inferior to none may not be lesse then they in his Tenures or the dependency of his people but be girt with as much power and majestie as his glorious Progenitors That the Mighty men and the men of Warr may continue that the Ensigne of the People nor the Watchmen upon Mount Ephraim may not be taken away that the Vintage may not fail and the gatherings not come that his Servants may not ask Where is the Corn and the Wine and not be known in the streets but may as King Solomons every man in his course lack nothing that their Children as it was of that wisest of Kings Servants when Nehemiah long after returned with the Children of Israel from Captivity may be found in the Registers that the Splendor Magnificence of the Kings of Englands Courts farr surpassing those of France Spain the Emperors of Germany and all other Christian Princes may not be impaired or diminished and that our Pathes and the glory of our Lebanon and Excellency of Sharon and the foundations of many Generations may be restored Casus Cassandra canebat FINIS Spelmans Glossar 261. 1 Reg. 10. 24 25. 2 Reg 4. 21 22 23. Nchem. 5. 18. Sigonius de Repub. Athen. lib. 4. 540. 541. Martin Cromerus lib. 2. de Regno Poloniae Bignonius in notis ad lib. 1. Marculfi 465. Rosinus de Antiquitat Rom. lib. 7. 14. 24. lib. 10. cap. 22. LL Wisigoth lib. 9. tit 6. LL Ripuar tit 65. Cujacius tit 48. ad 10. cod Iustinian 14 29 Tacitus in vita Ridley's View of the Civil and Ecclesiastical Law 9 H. 3. cap. 21. 2 Reg. 24. v. 20. 22. 1 Sam. 25. 10. Claus. 31 H. 3. Socage Copy-hold Northern Tenant-Right Lease-holders Free Socage Beraultus in Commentar Spelmans Glossar 261. in verb. leta 431. Trin. 18. E. 1. in placit inter Abbatem de Leicester Abbatem de Selby Escuage Homage Relief Primer Seisin Livery Mesne Races Marriage Rents Licences to Widdows holding in Capite by Knight Service to marry To compound with Copy-holders Fines taken by the Court of Wards upon the Grants of Lands in minority Bodin de Repub Coke in praefat 9. Relat. Instructions or Directions of King James to be observed in the Court of Wards Coke 1. part institut 126. Fitz Herberts N B. 82. 25. E. 3. cap. 11. Rot. Parl. 20. R. 2. n. 27. Mat. Paris 240 241. La Noüe Discours Politicques Bodin lib. 6 de Repub.