as they began howbeit verie great they become a Nesse which is called Peloponesus which by reason of the Bayes and Forelandes wherewith the shores thereof are fretted as it were with lyttle veines and therewithall because it spreadeth out a toside with a slender stalke is verie like the leafe of Plane trée In Macedonia the first Countrie is Thessalye the next Magnesia and then Phthiotis In Greece are the Countries of Doris Locris Phocis Beotis Attis and Megaris but the most renowmed of them all is Attis In Peloponesus are Argolis Laconice Messenia Achaiâ— Elis Arcadia and beyond it are Aetolia Acarnania and Epyrus vnto the Adriatish Sea Of the places and Citties scituate in the maine Lande these are the woorthiest to be touched In Thessaly Larissa sometime called Iolâ—os in Magnesia Antronia in Phthiotis Phthia in Doris the Cittie Pindus and harde thereby the Cittie Erineon in Loâ—ris Cynos and Calliaros in Phocis Delphos and Mount Parnasus and the Temple and Oracle of Apollo in Baeotia Thebes and Mount Cytheron most renowmed in Fables and Poetry In Attis Eleusis hallowed vnto Ceres and the noble Cittie of Athens more famous of it selfe then it néede to be set out in Megaris Megara whereof the Countrie hath his name in Argolis Argos and Mycene and the Temple of Iuno verie famous for the auncientnesse and Religion thereof in Laconâ—ce Therapne and Lacedemon and Amyâ—le and Mount â—aygetus in Meslenia Messene and Methone in Achaia and in Elis sometime Pises the Pallace of Oenomaus and Elie and the Idoll and Temple of Iupiter of Olympus renowmed for the gaming of exercise and for the singular holinesse but most of all for the Image it selfe which is the worke of Phiâ—â—dias Arcadie is enuironed round about with the Nations of Peloponesus In it are the Citties Psophis Tenea and Orchomenon the Mountaines Pholoe Cyllenius Parthenius and Maenalus and the Riuers Erymanthus and Ladon In Aetolia is Naupactus in Acarnania Stratos in Epyre the Temple of Iupiter of Dodon and a Well which in this consideration is counted holy for that whereas it is colde and quencheth sirebrandes that are put into it as other waters doo If ye holde brandes without fire a good waie off from it it kindleth them But when men scoure the Sea coast theyr waie is to sayle from the Foreland of Sepias by Demetrias and Boion and Phtheleon and Echinon to the Baye of Pagasa which imbracing the Cittie Pagasa receyueth the Riuer Sperchâ—us and because the Minyes when they made their voyage into Colchos launched foorth there with their Argosie it is therefore had in estimation From thence as men sayle to Sunium they must passe by these thinges namelie by two great Bayes the one of Malea the other of Opus and in them the Monumentes of the slaughter of the Lacedemonians By Therâ—opile Opaes Scarphia Cnemides Alope Anthedon and Larymna by Aulis the Hauen where the Fléete of Agamemnon and the Greekes that conspired against Troye did harborowe By Marathon a witnesse of many vialent déedes euen from the tyme of Theseus but most chéefeliâ— renowmed with the slaughter of the Persians By Rhamnus a little Towne but yet famous because of the Temple of Amphiaâ—rus and the Image of Nemesis made by Phiâ—dias which are in it and finallie by Thoricos and Brauron some time Citties and now but bare names Sunium is a Forelande which finisheth the East side of Hellas From thence the Lande leaneth Southward vnto Megara now facing the Sea with his front lyke as before it laye with his syde against Attica Then is Pyrrheus the Hauen of Athens and Scyrons rockes euen at this daye diffamed for the cruell entertaynement that Scyron gaue there to Straungers in olde tyme. The boundes of Megaris extend euen to the Balke which is so tearmed because it parteth the Aegean Sea but fiue miles space from the Ionish Sea and knitteth Peloponesus vnto Hellas with a narrowe balke In it is the towne of Cenchree the Temple of Neptune the famous gaminges called the Bâ—lke games and Corinth sometime renowmed for ritches but afterward more renowmed for the destruction thereof and now newlie builded againe and peopled by the Romanes which Cittie out of the top-castle thereof called Acrocorinth vieweth both the seas As we saide before the Sea coast of Peloponesus is indented with Bayes and Forelands on the East side with Bucephalos and Chersonesus and Scyllion on the South syde with Malea Taenaros and Ichthys and on the West with Chelonates and Araxos From the narrowe balke to Scylleon inhabite the Epidaurians renowned with the Temple of Aesculapius and the Troiezenians famous for their faithfull continuaunce in league fréendshippe with the Athenians Also there are Saronike Hauen and Schaenitas and Pagonus The Townes of Epidaure Troizen and Hermion stand vpon this shore Betwéene Scylleon Malea is the Bay of Argolis betwéene that and Taenarus is the Bay of Laconia from thence to Acritas is the Bay of Asine and from thence to Ichthys is the Bay of Cyparissus In the Bay of Argolis are the knowne riuers of Erasmus and Inachus and the knowne towne of Lerne In the Bay of Laconia are the Riuers Githius and Eurotas On the head of Taenarus are the Temple of Neptune and a Caue like vnto the Caue of Acheruse in Pontus that we spake of before both in fashion and Fable In the Bay of Asine is the Riuer Pamisse and in the Bay of Cyparisse is Alpheus These two Bayes take their names of two Citties Cyparissus and Asine that stand vpon their shores The Messemans and Pylians inhabite the Landes and Pyle it selfe standeth néere the Sea and so doo Cyllene and Callipolis The Cittie Patre standeth vpon that shore where Chelonates and Araxos runne into the Sea But Cyllene is notable because men thinke that Mercurie was borne there Afterward Rhion it is the name of a Baye falling lyke a Lake with full mouth as it were in at a narrowe gap betwéene the Aetolians and Peloponesians breaketh in euen to the Balke In it the shores beginne to looke Northward Héere abouts are Aegian and Aegira and Oluros and Sicyon and in the coastes ouer against them are Page Creusis Auticyra Oeanthia Cyrrha and whereof the name is better knowne Calydon and the Riuer Euenus Without Rhion in Acarnania the notablest thinges are the Towne Leucas and the Riuer Achelous In Epire nothing is more noble than the Baye of Ambrace The cause héereof in part is the Baye it selfe which at a narrow gappe lesse than a mile wide letteth in a great Sea and partlie the Citties Actium Argos built by Amphilocus and Ambrace the Pallace of the posteritie of Aeacus and of Pyrrhus which stand by it Beyond is Butroton and then the Hilles Ceraunii and from them the winding toward Adria This Sea being receyued
why stones that are cast into it doo leape about Not farre from hence is the Towne Corycos enuironed with a Hauen and the salt water and ioyned with a narrowe balke to the firme Land Aboue it is a Caue named Corycus of singular nature and farre more excellent then may with ease be described For gaping with a wide mouth euen immediatlie from the toppe it openeth the Mountaine butting vpon the Sea which is of a great height as it were of a ten furlonges Then going déepe downe and the furder downe the larger it is gréene round about with budding Trées casteth it selfe into a round vaulte on both sides full of wooddes so meruailous and beautifull that at the first it amazeth the minds of them that come in to it yet maketh them thinke they haue neuer séene inough of it There is but one going downe into it narrow and rough of a mile a halfe long by pleasaunt shadowes and couerts of wooddes yéelding a certaine rude noyse with riuers trickling on either hand When ye come to the bottome there againe openeth an other Caue woorthy to be spoken of for other things It maketh the enterers into it afraide with the din of Timbrels which make a gastly and great ratling within Afterward being a whyle lightsome anon the further ye go wexing darker it leadeth such as dare aduenture quite out of sight carrieth them déepe as it were in a Mine where a mightie riuer rysing with a great brest dooth but onelie shew it selfe and when it hath gushed violentlie a while in a short chanell sinketh downe againe and is no more séene Within is a waste space more horrible then that any man dare pearce into it and therefore it is vnknowne It is altogether statelie and vndoubtedlie holie and both woorthy and also beléeued to be inhabited of Goddes Euery thing presenteth a statelynesse and setteth out it selfe with a certaine Maiestie There is an other beyond which they call Typhos caue with a narrow mouth and as they that haue tried it doo report verie lowe and therefore dimmed with continuall darknesse and not easie to be sought out howbeit because it was sometime the chamber of the Giant Typho an because it nowe out of hand stifleth such thinges as are let downe into it it is woorthy to be mencioned for the nature thereof and for the tale that is reported of it Beyond that are two Forâ—landes that is to say Sarpedon sometime the bound of King Sarpedons Realme and Anemurium which parteth Cilicia from Pamphilia and betwéene them Celendris and Natidos Towns builded and peopled by the Samians whereof Celendris is néerer to Sarpedon Of Pamphilia The foureteenth Chapter IN Pamphilia is a Riuer able to beare Shippes called Melas a Towne called Sida and an other Riuer called Eurimedon At this Riuer Cymo Captaine of the Athenians gat a great victorie of the Persians and Phaenicians in a battell vpon the water Into the Sea where this battell was fought out of a verie high hyll looketh the Towne of Aspendos which was builded by the Argiues and inhabited by the people of the Countrie about it Then are there two other mightie streames called Oestros and Cataractes Oestros is easie to be sayled the other hath his name of his headlong fall Betwéene them is the Towne Perga and the Temple of Diana which of the Towne is syr named Pergaea Beyond them is Mount Sardeâ—isos and Phaselis a Towne builded by Mopsus which is the end of Pamphilia Of Lycia The fifteenth Chapter SVccessiuelie Lycia so called of Lycus the sonne of King Pandion as report goeth annoyed in olde time with the fires of Chimaera encloseth a great Bay betwéene the Hauen of Sida and the Foreland of Taurus Mount Taurus it selfe rising of a huge height at the Easterne sea shore procéedeth streight foorth in one continuall ridge from thence into y â— West with his right side toward the North and his left side toward the South bouÌ„ding many great Nations where he runneth out in bankes and where he deuideth the Countries he passeth to the Sea As Taurus is the generall name of him whole together so is it also his name where he faceth the East next he is called Haemodes and Caucasus and â—aropamisus then Caspian Streights Niphates and the Streights of Armenia and where he butteth vpon our Sea Taurus againe Behind his saide Foreland is the riuer Lymira and a Cittie of the same name and a number of Towns of no great renowme sauing Patara which is ennobled by the Temple of Apollo sometime like to that at Delphos as well in ritches as also for the truenesse of the Oracle Beyond is the riuer Panthus and the Towne Panthos the Mountaine Crag and the Cittie Telmisos which endeth Lycia Of Caria The sixteenth Chapter AFterward followeth Caria inhabited with people of an vnknowne beginning some thinke them to be bred in the Land some thinke they were Pelasgians othersome thinke they were Candians a kinde of people louing feates of Armes and fighting so well that for wages they serued also in forreine and strange warres Héere are a fewe Castles and then the two Forelandes of Pedalion and Crya and by the Riuer Calbis syde the Towne of Caunus diffamed for the â—â—â—â—thinesse of the inhabiters From thence to Halycarnassus lye these thinges certaine Townes of the Rhodians two Hauens the one named Gelos and the other Thissamissa according to the name of the Cittie that it enuironeth Betwéene them is the Towne of Larumna and the Hyll Pandion shooting into the Sea The thrée Bayes on a rowe Thymnias Schaenus and Bubessus The Foreland of Thymnias is Aphrodisium Schaenus enuironeth Hylas and Bubessus compasseth about Cynotus Guidus standeth in an angle of a péece of ground enclosed almost altogether with the Sea betwéene it and the gulfe of Ceranie in the retreit of Euthana is Halycarnassus a Towne inhabited by the Argiues woorthy to be had in remembraunce not onelie for the founders thereof but also for the Tombe of King Maâ—solus which is one of the seuen woonders of the world and was builded by Artemisâ—a Beyond Halycarnassus are these thinges the shore of Leuca the Citties Myndus Aryanda and Naples and the Bayes of Iasius and Basilicus In Iasius is the towne of Bargylos Of Ionia The seuenteene Chapter BEyond the Bay of Basilicus Ionia winâ—â—deth it selfe in certaine Angles and first of all beginning to fetch about the Foreland of Possideum it enuironeth the Oracle of Apollo called in olde time the Oracle of Branchide and now the Oracle of Didymus The Cittie Miletus sometime the chéefe of all Ionia both in feates of warre and peace the Countrie of Thales the Astrologer and of Tymothie the Musician and of Anaâ—â—mander the naturall Philosopher and woorthelie renowmed â—or the excellent wittes of others that were borne there is aâ—ter a manner called Ionia There is also the Cittie
them the Riuers Ergine and Atyras Then followeth a part of Thrace where sometime reigned King Rhaesus and Bysanth a Towne builded by the Samians and Cypsella sometime a great Cittie After that ensueth a place called of the Gréekes Longvvall and in the necke of a Nesse the Towne of Lysimachia The Land that followeth being no where broad runneth foorth narrowest héere betwéene Hellespont and the Aegean Sea The Streights thereof they call Isthmos and the front thereof Mastusia and the whole together Chersonesus It is woorthy to be had in remembraunce for many thinges In it is the Riuer Aegos renowmed with the Shipwracke of the Athenian Fléete There is also Sestos scituate against Abydos verie famous for the loue of Leander There is also the Countrie where the Persian hoast aduentured to make a bridge ouer the Sea that parteth the one maine land from the other a woonderfull enterprise and passed ouer the Sea out of Asia into Greece on foote and not by Ship There are the bones of Protesilaus consecrated with a Temple There is also the Hauen Caelos renowmed with the destruction of the Laconish Fléete at such time as the Athenians and Lacedemonians encountred there in battell on the Sea There is also Dogs-graue the Tombe of Quéene Hecuba which place receyued that homely name either of the shape of a Dogge whereinto Hecuba is reported to haue béene transformed or else of the misfortune that shee fell into There is Macidos and there is Eleus which endeth Hellespont By and by the Aegean Sea beateth hugelie vpon a long shore and with a great compasse fetcheth leysurelie about the Lands which it seuereth farre a sunder vnto the Foreland of Sumum Such as sayle by that coast when they are passed Mastusia must enter into a Baye which washing by the other side of Chersonesus is enclosed lyke a valley with the ridge of a hyll and being called Melas of the Riuer Melas which it receiueth it imbraceth two Citties Alopeconesus on the one side of the narrowe Streights and Cardie on the other side Aenos is famous builded by Aenaeas when he fled from Troy About Hebrus are the Cycones and beyond it is Doriscos where Xerxes because he could not number his armie is reported to haue measured them by the space of the ground Beyond is the Forelande of Serrium out of which the wooddes of Zona are reported to haue followed Orpheus when he soong Then is the Riuer Scaenas and adioyning to his banckes the vpper Countrie of Maronie which brought foorth Diomede that was woont to make straungers prouinder for his cruell Horsses and in the ende was by Hercules cast to them himselfe The Tower which they attribute to Diomede remaineth as a remembraunce of the Fable and a Cittie which his sister Abdera named after her owne name But that Cittie is woorthier to be had in memorie for bréeding of Democritus the naturall Philosopher than for her sake that builded it Beyond that runneth the Riuer Nestos aud betwéene it and the Riuer Strymon are the Citties Phillippos Appollonia and Amphippolis Betwéene Strymon and mount Athos are the Tower Calarne the Hauen Caprullon and the Citties Acantos and Oesyma Betwéene Athos and Pallene are Cleone and Olynthus Strymon as we haue saide before is a riuer which rysing a farre of and running slender becoÌ„meth greater and greater with forreine waters and when he hath made a Lake within a little of the sea he bursteth foorth in a greater channell than he came in Mount Athos is so high that it is thought to reach aboue the place from whence the raine falleth The opinion hath a likelihood of trueth because the ashes are not washed from the Altars in the toppe thereof but continueâ— in the same heape whole as they were left This Hill shooteth not with an elbowe into the Sea as other Hilles doo but it kéepeth on whole and aduaunceth with a whole breast a great length into the Sea Where it cleaued to the maine Land it was cutte through by Xerxes when he made his voiage against the Grayes and was sayled ouer an arme of the Sea conueied through it to make way for his ships The neathermost partes of it are furnished with small Towns builded peopled by the Pelasgies In the top was the towne Acroathon the inhabiters whereof were woont by report to liue halfe as long againe as other men Pallene is of such a large soyle that in it are fiue Citties with their territories It riseth all in height somewhat narrow where it beginneth and there is the Cittie Potidaea But where it wexeth wider there are the Townes of Mend and Scione woorthy to be spoken of Mend builded by the Eretrianes and the other by the Greekes as they returned from the taking of Troy Of Macedonia The third Chapter THen the people of Macedonia inhabite many Citties of the which Pella is the most renowmed for her two â—oster children Phillippe the subduer of Greece and Alexander the conqueror of Asia also In the shore the Bay of Mecyberne betwéene the Forelandes deuideth Canastreum and the Hauen that is called Cope and encloseth the Citties of Toron and Physcell and also Mecyberne whereof it taketh the name Scione is next vnto the Foreland of Canastre and Mecyberne Baye entreth somewhat within the Land in the middes where it giueth way like a bosome Howbeit casting foorth long armes into the déepe it becommeth a great gulfe betwéene the seas Into it runne Axius through Macedonia and Peneus through Thessalie A lyttle aboue Axius is the Cittie Thessalonica Betwéene them both are Cassandria Cydna Azaros and Derris Beyond Peneus are Sepias Cordynia Melibaea and Castanea all of like renowme sauing that Phyloctetes who was fostered at Melibaea beautifieth that towne The inner Landes are renowmed with the names of famous places and containe almost nothing that is not notable Not farre from hence is Olympus and héere is Pelion and héere is Ossa Mountaines renowmed with the Fables of the Giantes warres Héere is Pieria the dwelling place and mother of the Muses Héere is the ground that Hercules of Greece trode last vppon namelie the Forrest of Oeta Héere is Tempe ennobled with holie wooddes Héere lyes Lebethra and the versifying fountaines Then followeth Greece shooting foorth hugelie and mainlie and bearing from the North into the South till it butte vpon the Myrtean Sea Where the Sunne ryseth it faceth the Aegean Sea and where the Sunne goeth downe it faceth the Ionish Sea Next that lyeth a large Countrie named Hellas which steppeth foorth with a large front and anon after is cutte off almost by the waste with both the Seas whereof the Ionish entereth furthest into his side vntill the Land becommeth but fiue myle wide Then againe the Landes widen on both sides and shoote into the déepes but more into the Ionish Sea than into the Aegean Sea and stretching foorth not altogether so broad
farre into the Land and spreading verie broade but yet broadest where it pearceth in is besette with the Countries of Illyricke vnto Tergestum and the residue with the Nations of Italie and Fraunce The Parthiâ—nes and Dassarets possesse the first partes of it The next by little and little is possessed â—y the Euchelies and Pheakes afterward are they that be properlie called Illyrians then the Pyreans and Lyburnes and Histrich Of Citties the first is Oricum the second Dyrrachium called before Epidamnum vntil the Romanes changed the name because it séemed to them to be a forespeaking of euil lucke towards them when they went thether Beyond are Apollonia Salon Iader Naron Tragurie the Baye of Pola and the Cittie Pola inhabited as report goeth by men of Colchos and now as thinges altar peopled by the Romanes Also there are the Riuers Aeas and Nar and Danow which is spoken of before by the name of Ister But Aeas falleth into the Sea by Apollonia and Nar betwéen the Pyreans and Liburnes and Ister through Istrich Tergestum which is scituate in the innermost nooke of Adria endeth Illyrich Of Italie The fowrth Chapter SOmewhat shalbe saide of Italie rather because order so requireth then for that it néedeth any setting out for all thinges are known At the Alpes it beginneth to mount in height and as it procéedeth raysing it selfe in the middes it runneth foorth with a continuall ridge betwéene the Adriatishe and Turkishe Seas or as they are otherwise tearmed betwéene the vpper Sea and the neather Sea a great while whole but when he hath gone farre he splitteth into two hornes whereof the one faceth the Sea of Sicill and the other the Iâ—nishe Sea It is through out narrowe and in some place much narrower than where it began The inner partes thereof are inhabited by sundrie Nations On the left side the Carnies and Venetians possesse Gallia togata Then follow Italian people the Picents the Frentanes the Daunians the Appulians the Calabrians and the Salentines On the right side vnder the Alpes are the Ligurians and vnder Appenine is Hetruria After that is Latium the Volscies Campane and aboue Lucanie are the Brutians Of Citties inhabited farre from the Sea the wealthiest on the left hand are Padua builded by Antenor and Mutina and Bononiâ— builded by the Romanes and on the right hand Capua builded by the Thuscanes and Rome in olde tyme founded by Shéepheardes but nowe if it should be treated of according to the woorthinesse an other whole worke of it selfe In the Sea coast next to Tergestum is Concord Through it runneth the Riuer Timauus which rysing from nine headdes falleth into the Sea with one mouth Then the Riuer Natiso not farre from the Sea passeth by the ritch Towâ—e Aquileia beyond which is Altine The Riuer Po occupieth a large space in the vpper shore For he ryseth out of the verie foote of the Mountaine Vesulus and gathering himselfe at the first of lyttle springes runneth a while lanke and leane but anon after he so increaseth and is so fedde with other Riuers that at the last he emptieth himselfe with seuen mouthes One of these they call great Po and he gusheth out of it so swiftlie that beating aside the waues he carrieth his streame a great while in the same sort that he sent it out of the Landes ende and kéepeth his channell styll euen in the Sea vntyll the Riuer Ister flushing with lyke violence out of the shore ouer against him dooth méete with him Héereby it comes to passe that as men sayle through those places where the saide Riuers come on both sides they drawe vp freshe water among the waues of the Sea From Po to Ancona ward the waye lyes by Rauenna Armâ—ne Pisaure the fraunchised Towne of Fane and the Riuers Metaurus and Esis And in the verie skirt of those two Forelandes méeting one against an other standeth the saide Towne of Ancona which hath that name giuen it by the Greekes because the scituation thereof resembleth the bowing of a mans elbowe and it is as a bound betwéene the Marches of the French and Italian Nations For when men are passed this Towne they come vpon the coast of Picene wherein are the Citties Numana Potentia Claterna and Cupra the Castles of Firmum Adria and Truent with a Riuer running thereby of the same name From thence is the Sea coast of Senogallia vnto the mouth of the Riuer Aterne the Citties whereof are Bucar and Histon The Daunians haue the Riuer Tiferne the Citties Cliterne Lucrine and Theane and the Mountaine Garganus There is a Baye in Appulia inclosed with a whole shore which is called Vrias of small roome and for the most part rough to come vnto Uttermore is Sypunt or as the Greeks call it Sypius a riuer that runneth by Canusium and is called Aufidus Afterward are Barium Egnatia and Rudie ennobled with Ennius who was of that Cittie And in Calabria are Brunduse Valece Lupie and Mount Hydrus together with the plaines of Salent and the Sea coast of Salent and a Greeke Cittie named Gallipole Hitherto extendeth the Adriatishe Sea and hitherto extendeth the one side of Italie The front of it as we haue saide splitteth into two hornes But the Sea that is receyued in betwéene them both being once or twice disseuered with thin Forelandes is not enuironed with one whole banke nor receiued open and at large on leuell shore but in Bayes The first is called the Baye of Tarent which lyeth betwéene the Forelandes of Sale and Lacinium and in it are Tarent Metapont Heracle Croto and Turium The second is called the Baye of Scyllace betwéene the Forelandes of Pacinium and Zephyrium wherein are Petilia Caecine Scyllace and Mistre The third which is betwéene Zephyrium and Brutium enuironeth Consiline Caulone and Locres In Brutium are the Kinges Pillar Regium Scylla Taurian and Metaure From hence is the turning into the Tuscan Sea and to the other side of the same Land on the which side are Terine Hippo now called Vibon Temesa Clampetia Blanda Buxent Velia Palinure sometime the name of y e Maister of Aeneas Ship and now the name of a place the Baye of Pesta and the Towne of Pesta the Riuer Silarus the Cittie Picentia the Rockes which the Mermaides dwelt in the Foreland called Mineruaes Mount the fatte groundes of Lucanie the Baye of Puteolis the Citties of Surrent and Herculean the view of the Mountaine Vesuuius the Pompeyes Naples Puteolis the Lakes of Lucrine and Auerne the Bathes Missene now the 〈◊〉 of a place sometime the name of a Troiane Souldiour Cumes Linterne the Riuer Vulturne the Towne Vulturne the delectable Sea coast of Campane Sinuessa Liris Minturne â—ormie Fundie Tarracine Circes house sometime called Circey Autium Aphrodisium Arde Laurent and Ostia on the hither side of Tyber Beyond it are Pyrgie Anio Newcastle Grauiske Cossa Telamon Populon Cecine and Pises places and names of Hetruria Then
Luna â—igurum and â—iguria and Geane and Sabatia and Albigaunum Then hath it the Riuers Paule and Varus both falling from the Alpes but Varus is better knowne because it endeth Italie The Alpes themselues spreading farre and wide from these shores doo first run a great step into the North and when they haue touched Germanie then turning their race they goe foorth into the East and disseuering cruell Nations extend euen into Thrace Of the Prouince of Narbon The fift Chapter GAllia being deuided by the Lake Leman and the MouÌ„taine Gebenna into two sides whereof the one butteth vppon the Tuscan Sea and the other vpon the Occean extendeth on the one side from Varus and on the other side from the Rhine vnto the MouÌ„taine Pyrene The part that bordereth vppon our Sea was sometime called Braccata and is now called the prouince of Narbone and is more inhabited and tylled and therefore also more chéerfull Of the Citties that it hath the wealthiest are Vasio of the Vocontians Vienna of the Allobrogians Auenio of the Cauars Nemausus of the Arecomikes Tolous of the Tectosages Aurasio of the Secundanes Arelate of the Sextanes and Blitera of the Septumanes But before them all steppeth the place where the Atacines and Decumanes dwelt from whence succour was ministred to all those Countries which place is nowe the Martiall Narbo the name-giuer and beautie of the whole Prouince On the Sea coastes are a fewe places of some reputation But the Citties stand thinne because there are fewe Hauens and all that quarter lyeth open to the South and South-west windes Nicea toucheth the Alpes and so doth the Towne of Deceate and so dooth Antipolis Afterwardes is Iulius Markette a Towne builded by the Octauians and then foorth Athenople and Olbia and Glauon and Citarist and Halycidon the Hauen of Marsilles in it the Towne of Marsilles it selfe This being founded by the Phoceans and builded in olde time among boistrous Nations hath now brought them in awe and made them good neighbours farre vnlyke to that they were before It is a woonderfull thing how easilie it then tooke sure setling and vnto this daye kéepeth the olde custome Betwéene it and Rhone lyeth Marius Ditch vpon the Sea side néere vnto the Poole of the Auatikes That shore carrieth a part of the saide Riuer into the Sea in a channell able to beare Ships otherwise it is but a rascall banke all stonie where the report goeth that Hercules fighting against Albion and Bergion the sonnes of Neptune and hauing spent all his Artillerie called vppon his Father Iupiter who rayned downe stones to helpe him with and a man would beléeue it had rained stones in déede there lye so many and that euerie where and so farre of The Riuer Rhone springeth not farre from the heads of Ister and Rhyne and then being receyued into the Lake Losan he holdeth on his race and forcing himselfe whole through the middes of it passeth out as great as he entered in From thence being carried backe into the West he deuideth Gallia a while and then turninig his course Southward kéepeth so foorth on and becomming nowe great with the resort of other Riuers and continuallie wexing greater runneth â—ut at the Landes â—nd betwéene the Volscies and the Cauers Beyond are the Pooles of the Volscies the Riuer Lede the Castle Latara and the Hyll Mesna enuironed almost round about with the Sea and but that it hangeth by a narrowe Cawsie to the Land a verie Ile Then Soan falling out of the Mountaines of Auueâ—ne runneth into the Sea by Agatha and Obris by Bliters Atax comming downe from the Mountaine Pyrene as long as he hath none but the waters of his owne spring runneth smal and shallowe and yet a great channell howbeit not able to beare a Shippe any where sauing where he passeth by Narbone But when he swelleth with winter showres he is woont to ryse so high that his bankes be not able to holde him in A Lake receyueth him named Rubresus verie large but where the Sea entreth into it narrowe mouthed Beyond is Leucata as shore so named and the Fountaine of Salsusa which sheadeth water not swéete but more brackishe than the water of the Sea Hard by is a Féeld verie gréene with short and slender Réede but floting vpon a Poole that is vnderneath it That it is so the middle part of it plainlie proueth which being cutte off from the rest about it swimmeth lyke an Ile and suffereth it selfe to be shooued and drawne too and fro Moreouer by those places that are cut through appeareth the Sea sheaded vnderneath it Wherevpon whether it were through ignoraunce of the trueth or that they were purposelie disposed to make a leasing it lyked as well our Authors as also the Greekes to leaue in writing vnto such as should come after that Fishe was digged out of the whole ground in that Countrie which in déede comming out of the déepe Sea thether and there being killed by such as babbed for them was drawne dead out of the foresaide holes From thence is the coast of the Sardones and the lyttle brookes of Thelis and Thicis which are verie noysome when they rise with any rage of water and Ruscinum a Towne of the Romanes and the Uillage Eliberris which sometime was a great Cittie and nowe is but a slender Monument of great wealth Then betwéene the Forelandes of Pyrene is the Hauen of Venus in a Baye of salt-water and a place called Ceruaria which is the ende of Gallia Of Spaine The sixt Chapter THe Mountaine Pyrene first runneth from hence into the Britishe Occean and then turning with a front into the mayne Land breaketh into Spaine and shutting out the lesser part of it on the right hand stretcheth out a long in one whole ridge vntyll such tyme as hauing passed a long race through all the Countrie it come to those shores that are butting vppon the West Spaine it selfe sauing where it boundeth vppon Fraunce is enuironed round about with the Sea Where it cleaueth vnto Fraunce there is it narrowest then widening it selfe by little and little into our Sea and the Occean and wexing larger and larger it runneth into the West and there becommeth broadest It is so plenteous and fruitfull of Men Horsses Iron Leade Brasse Siluer and Golde that if in any place it be fruitlesse and vnlike it selfe for want of water yet it beareth Flaxe and Spart It is distinguished by thrée names one part is called Tarraconensis an other Boetica and the thirde Lusitania Tarraconensis butting with the one headde thereof against Fraunce and with the other vpon Boetica and Lusitania thrusteth out his sides Southward to our midland Sea and Northward to the Brittish Occean The Riuer Anas parteth Boetica from Lusitania and therfore Boetica looketh into both the Seas that is to saye Westward into the Athlantish Occean
hitherto the shores lye full vpon the West and from thencefoorth the Land turneth with full side to the North from the Celtike Foreland to the Foreland of Scithia From this Celtike Foreland vnto the Cantabers the Coast is almost right out sauing that there be a few small Bayes and little Forelandes On that coast are first the Artabers and Ianasum Celtike Nations and next them the Asturians In Artabria a Bay with a narrowe mouth receyuing the Sea into a large roome bendeth about by the Cittie Adrobike and the mouthes of fowre Riuers whereof two be but smallie regarded euen of the dwellers by and by the other two the Riuers Mearus and Narius run into Libunca On the shore of the Asturians standeth the Towne of Naega and in a certaine Nesse there are thrée Altars which they call Sestians which are ennobled with the name of Augustus whereby they ennoble these Lands also which were vnnoble afore Neuerthelesse from the Riuer which is called Salia the coast beginneth to drawe backe by little and little and more and more to streighten the widenes of Spaine which yet notwithstanding is wide still gathering the Landes into so narrowe a roome that betwéene the two Seas where Spaine butteth vppon Fraunce Spaine is narrower by the one halfe than where it reacheth into the West That Coast is helde by the Cantabers and Vardules Among the Cantabers are diuers people and Riuers howbeit whose names can not be vttered by the mouth of vs Romanes Through those Countries comes downe the Riuers Salenos and Saurium and through certaine people called the Autrigones and Origeuiones commeth downe the Riuer Nesua The Riuer Deua runneth by Tritium Tobolicum and beyond that Magrada passeth by Iuâ—rissa and Iason The Vardules being one entyre Nation extend from hence to the head of Mount Pyren and so close vp 〈◊〉 the Countrie of Spaine The vttermost coasts of Gallia The second Chapter NOw followeth the other side of Gallia whose Coast shouing somewhat forewarde into the déepe and anon stepping foorth well-néere as much into the open Sea as Spaine had retired backe bresteth the Lands of Cantabrie and winding about with a great circuite turneth his side vnto the West Then turning againe to y â— North it spreadeth out with a long and streight coast vnto the bankes of the Rhyne It is a Land verie fruitfull théefelie of grasse and corne pleasant to behold for great Forrests Whatsoeuer kind of séede can away with nâ— cold the countrie yéeldeth it not euerie where neither is there any great store of hurtfull Beasts The people themselues are proud superstitious and sometime also they haue béene outragious insomuch that they haue beléeued that the Sacrificing of men was the best and acceptablest thing to the Goddes There remaine yet still some remnants of their foreworne crueltie insomuch that although they abstaine from vtter â—â—eaing of men yet notwithstanding they bring them to the Altars and taste of their blood Neuerthelater they haue their kinde of eloquence and teachers of wisedome whome they call Druides These professe themselues to know the greatnesse and fashion of the world the moouinges of the Heauen and of the Starres and the will of the Goddes They teach many things to the men of chéefe Nobilitie in that Nation priuilie and a long time together euen by the space of twentie yéeres in some Caue of the earth or in vnséene corners One of the thinges which they teach is escaped into common knowledge namelie that mennes soules are euerlasting and liue an other life after they be departed out of their bodies and that is to the intent that men should be the better for the warres And therefore when they burned or buried their dead they sent with them an account of their affaires agréeable to their state aforetime when they were aliue yea and also a demaund of the debtes which they owed or had owing vnto them yea and there were some which did willinglie cast themselues into the fyres where their fréendes corses were burnt as folke that looked to liue together with them The Countrie which they inhabite beareth wholie the name of Gallia Comata Of Nations are all comprehended vnder thrée chéefe names and are limitted by great Riuers For from Mount Pyren to the Riuer Garumna is Aquitane from thence to Sequana dwell the Celtes and from thence to the Rheine inhabite the Belgians Of the Aquitanes the most renowmed are the Auscianes of the Celtes the Heduanes and of the Belgians the Treuires The wealthiest Citties are among the Treuires Augusta among the Heduanes Augustodunum and the Auscians Elusaberris The Riuer of Geround falling out of Mount Pyren runneth a long while shallowe and scarce sayleable sauing when he swelleth by reason of winters rayne or of the melting of the snowe But whâ—n he is once increased by méeting with the comminges in of the flowing Occean and carrieth both his owne waters and the Occeans also in their going backe againe he becommeth somewhat fulser and the further he goeth still the wider At length being like a great arme of the Sea he not onelie beareth â—reat Shippes but also swelling after the manner of the â—aging Sea he tosseth the Sailers and that very cruellie if the winde and the tide be one against an other In this Sea is an Iland called Antros the which the Inhabitants therof doo thinke to hang loose and to be lift vp with the rysing of the water because that when it séemeth high it ouerdréepeth the water and when the waues are vp to their full they not onelie inuiron it as afore but also ouerpéere it and the thinges which at other times would not be séene for the bankes and hilles doo then lye open to sight as from a higher place From the going out of Geround beginneth the side of the Land that shooteth into the Sea and lyeth right ouer against the coast of Cantabria The midde partes thereof are inhabited by sundrie sortes of people bending downeward from the Santons vnto the Osismians For from thence againe the front of the shores faceth the North againe and so holdeth on to the Morines which are the vttermost people of Fraunce And the Morines haue not any thing that is better â—nowne then the Hauen that is called Gessoriacum The Rhâ—inâ— falling downe from the Alpes maketh two Lakes within a lyttle of his head namelle Veâ—et and Acronie from thence running a long time whole againe and in one channell he is dispearsed asunder againe within a lyttle of the Sea Howbeit yet Riuer-lyke styll on the left hand euen vntyll he runne out into the Sea But on the right hand at the fyrst he is narrowe and lyke himselfe but afterward his bankes giue waye so as he becommeth not a Riuer but a great Lake and hauing fylled the féeldes is called Flâ—uo and imbracing an Iland of the same name he becommeth narrower againe and falleth lyke a Riuer againe into the Sea Of Germanie
Townes Aleria and Marian are Sardinia butting vpon the Sea of Affricke sauing that it is narrower Westward than Eastward is alike square on all sides and euerie where somewhat larger than Corsica where it is largest It is fruitfull and of better soyle then ayre for as it is fruitfull so is it almost pestilent In it the auncientest people are the Ilians and the auncientest Citties are Calaris and Sulchie But on the coast of Fraunce there are none woorthy to be treated of saue onelie the Stechades which are spread from the coast of Ligurie vnto Masâ—ilia The Baleards in Spaine scituate against the coast of Tarraconensis are not farre distant one from an other and of their bignesse they take their agréeable names of Maiorica and Minorica In Minorica are the Castles of Iamno and Mago and in Maiorica are the Romane Townes Palma and Polentia The Ile Ebusus being scituate directlie ouer against the Foreland of Ferrara which is in the Bay of Sucron hath a Cittie of the same name onelie barreine of Corne but of other thinges plentifull and so cléere from all noysome creatures that it suffereth not somuch as those that of wild thinges are made tame to bréede and encrease neither can abide them to be brought in Of a contrarie nature is Colubraria wherof it commeth to my minde to write For although it swarme with many kindes of hurtfull Serpents and be therefor vninhabitable yet notwithstanding when men arriue there if they bring of the earth of Ebusus with them as many as are within the precinct that is strowed about with that earth are safe without perill and the Serpentes which otherwise would aduenture to méete them and assault them shunning the sight of the dust or rather some other secretâ— power thereof flie farre of for feare ⧠The thyrd Booke of that woorthy Cosmographer Pomponius Mela concerning the scituation of the world The vttermost shores of Spaine The first Chapter THE coast of our mid-land Sea is already spoken of and the Iles that it conteineth are spoken of also Now remaineth that circuite which as we haue saide at the beginning is enuironed with the great Occean that vnmeasurable Sea which raging with great tydes for they so terme the mouinges thereof one while floweth into the féeldes and an other while leauing them a great way bare flieth backe from one to an other successinelie and not turning by enterchaungeable course eft into one and eft into an other But when he hath powred himselfe whole together out of the middes into all shores as well of Ilandes as of maine landes though they be contrarie one against other he gathereth from them againe into the middes and retireth into himselfe rushing foorth alwaies with such violence that he driueth backe hudge streames and eyther taketh the Beasts of the Land vnwares or else leaueth the Beasts of the Sea waterlesse Neither is it yet certainlie knowne whether the world cause it with his panting and vttereth out on all sides about him the water that he had drawne in with his breath for as it seemeth to the learned sort the world 〈◊〉 a lyuing wight or whether there be some hollowe Caues in the ground for the ebbing Seas to retire into and to lyft themselues out againe when they are too full or whether the Moone be the cause of so great fléetings This is certaine that according to the rysing and going downe of the Moone the course of the Occean varieth and kéepeth not one ordinarie time but as she mounteth or falleth so we perceiue it to go and come When men are come out hither and pursue those parts that are on the right hand the Athlantish Occean and the coast of the front of Boetica receyueth them which lyeth in manner streight vnto the Riuer Anas sauing that once or twice it withdraweth a lyttle into it selfe The Turdules and Bastule inhabite it In the hithermost Bay is a Hauen which they call Gadâ—â— Hauen and a Wood which they call Oleastre Then on the shore is the Castle of Ebor and farre from the shore is the Romane Towne Asta and without the Baye is the Temple and Altar of Iuno In the verie Sea is the Tombe of Geryon set rather vppon a Rocke then in an Ile The Riuer Boetis comming out of the Countrie of Tarracon runneth a long while almost through the middle of this Countrie in one channell as he sprang vp at his head But afterward hauing made a great Lake not farre from the Sea he ryseth double as it were out of one spring and issueth out as great in either of them as he came in single in his owne Then boweth there an other Baye inward vnto the ende of the Shore vpon the which Baye standeâ— the little Townes of Olitingie and Onoba Beyond the Riuer Anas Lusitunia on that side where it looketh into the Athlantishe Occean steppeth out at the first with a great bulke into the déepe and afterward shrinking backe againe retireth further inward than â—oetica Where it beareth foreward it receyueth the Sea twise into it and so is deuided into thrée Forelands That which is next the Riuer Anas because it passeth foorth from a broad base and by little and little groweth into a narrowe point is called Cuâ—eus Ager The second they call Holy Head and the third Great Head In the Wedge are Mâ—tylis Balsa and Ossobona In Holie Head are Lacobriga and Hanniballes Hauen and on the Great Head is Ebora Betwéene these thrée Heads are the Bayes in the hithermost wherof is Salacia in the other is the City Vlisippo and the mouth of the Riuer Tagus which ingendreth Gold and precious Stones From these Forelandes to that parte which retired backe is opened a great winding gap wherin be the olde Turdules and their Townes and the Riuers Monda and Durius of which Monda runneth out almost through the middest of the side of the last mentioned Foreland and Durius swéepeth by the verie roote of it That Front for a while hath a direct shore which afterward making a little winding shooteth foorth anon againe and then shrinking in once or twise procéedeth right foorth with a direct banke vnto the Foreland which we call Celticke All this Coast is inhabited by the Celts from the Riuer Durius to the bought of Gronium through their borders runne the Riuers Auo Celandus Nebis Minius and which beareth the name of forgetfulnesse Limia The bought it selfe imbracing the Cittie Lambriaca receyueth the Riuers of Ieâ—na and Via The foremost part of the bought is inhabited by the Presamarkes through whose Country the Riuers Tamaris and Sâ—rs hauing their heads not farre one from an other doo runne into the Sea Tamaris at the Hauen of Artabrie and Sars at a Towre renowmed with the name of Augustus The rest of the Countrie beyond is inhabited by the Tamarikes and Nerians who be the last on that coast For