legem_fw-la apparentem_fw-la se_fw-la purgare_fw-la nisi_fw-la prius_fw-la convictus_fw-la fuerit_fw-la vel_fw-la confessus_fw-la in_o curia_fw-la and_o therefore_o no_o man_n ought_v to_o be_v urge_v upon_o such_o difficulty_n unless_o by_o the_o express_a law_n of_o the_o land_n the_o old_a way_n of_o trial_n be_v first_o to_o bring_v in_o a_o complaint_n and_o witness_n ready_a to_o maintain_v the_o same_o and_o therefore_o both_o appeal_n and_o action_n then_o use_v to_o conclude_v their_o plea_n with_o the_o name_n of_o witness_n subjoin_v which_o at_o this_o day_n be_v imply_v in_o those_o general_a word_n in_o their_o conclusion_n et_fw-la inde_fw-la producit_fw-la sectam_fw-la svam_fw-la that_o be_v he_o bring_v his_o sect_n or_o suit_n hengham_n or_o such_o as_o do_v follow_v or_o affirm_v his_o complaint_n as_o another_o part_n also_o be_v imply_v in_o those_o word_n et_fw-la hoc_fw-la paratus_fw-la est_fw-la verificare_fw-la for_o if_o the_o plaintiff_n sect_n or_o suit_n of_o witness_n do_v not_o full_o prove_v the_o matter_n in_o fact_n the_o defendant_n averment_n be_v make_v good_a by_o his_o own_o oath_n and_o the_o oath_n of_o twelve_o man_n and_o so_o the_o trial_n be_v conclude_v no_o freeman_n shall_v be_v imprison_v or_o disseise_v of_o his_o freehold_a or_o liberties_n 31._o outlaw_v or_o banish_v or_o invade_v but_o by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n and_o judgement_n of_o his_o peer_n nor_o shall_v justice_n be_v sell_v delay_v or_o deny_v this_o be_v a_o comprehensive_a law_n and_o make_v up_o of_o many_o saxon_a law_n or_o rather_o a_o enforcement_n of_o all_o law_n and_o a_o remedy_n against_o oppression_n past_a present_a and_o to_o come_v and_o concern_v first_o the_o person_n than_o his_o livelihood_n as_o touch_v the_o person_n his_o life_n and_o his_o liberty_n his_o life_n shall_v be_v under_o the_o protection_n of_o the_o law_n and_o his_o liberty_n likewise_o so_o as_o he_o shall_v be_v shut_v into_o no_o place_n by_o imprisonment_n nor_o out_o of_o any_o place_n by_o banishment_n but_o shall_v have_v liberty_n of_o ingress_n and_o egress_n his_o estate_n both_o real_a and_o personal_a shall_v also_o be_v under_o the_o protection_n of_o the_o law_n and_o the_o law_n also_o shall_v be_v free_a neither_o deny_v nor_o delay_v i_o think_v it_o needless_a to_o show_v how_o this_o be_v no_o new_a law_n but_o a_o confirmation_n of_o the_o old_a and_o reparation_n add_v thereto_o be_v much_o impair_v by_o stormy_a time_n for_o the_o sum_n of_o all_o the_o forego_n discourse_n tend_v thereto_o merchant_n shall_v have_v free_a and_o safe_a passage_n 32._o and_o trade_n without_o unjust_a tax_n as_o by_o ancient_a custom_n they_o ought_v in_o time_n of_o war_n such_o as_o be_v of_o the_o enemy_n country_n shall_v be_v secure_v till_o it_o appear_v how_o the_o english_a merchant_n be_v use_v in_o their_o country_n that_o this_o be_v a_o ancient_a law_n the_o word_n thereof_o show_v beside_o what_o may_v be_v observe_v out_o of_o the_o law_n of_o aetheldred_n and_o other_o saxon_a law_n so_o as_o it_o appear_v that_o not_o only_o the_o english_a freeman_n and_o native_n have_v their_o liberty_n assert_v by_o the_o law_n but_o also_o foreigner_n if_o merchant_n have_v the_o like_a liberty_n for_o their_o person_n and_o good_n concern_v trade_n and_o maintenance_n of_o the_o same_o and_o be_v hereby_o enable_v to_o enjoy_v their_o own_o under_o the_o protection_n of_o the_o law_n as_o the_o freeman_n have_v and_o unto_o this_o law_n the_o charter_n of_o king_n john_n add_v this_o ensue_a it_o shall_v be_v lawful_a for_o every_o freeman_n to_o pass_v free_o to_o and_o from_o this_o kingdom_n save_v fealty_n to_o the_o king_n unless_o in_o time_n of_o war_n and_o then_o also_o for_o a_o short_a space_n as_o may_v be_v for_o the_o common_a good_a except_v prisoner_n outlaws_z and_o those_o countryman_n that_o be_v in_o enmity_n and_o merchant_n who_o shall_v be_v deal_v with_o as_o aforesaid_a and_o it_o seem_v that_o this_o law_n of_o free_a passage_n out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v not_o ancient_o fundamental_a but_o only_o ground_v upon_o reason_n of_o state_n although_o the_o freeman_n have_v liberty_n of_o free_a passage_n within_o the_o kingdom_n according_a to_o that_o original_a law_n sit_fw-la pax_fw-la publica_fw-la per_fw-la commune_v vias_fw-la and_o for_o that_o cause_n as_o i_o suppose_v it_o be_v whole_o omit_v in_o the_o charter_n of_o henry_n the_o three_o as_o be_v also_o another_o law_n concern_v the_o jew_n which_o because_o it_o leave_v a_o influence_n behind_o it_o after_o the_o jew_n be_v extinct_a in_o this_o nation_n and_o which_o continue_v even_o unto_o this_o day_n i_o shall_v insert_v it_o in_o this_o short_a sum_n after_o death_n of_o the_o jew_n debtor_n no_o usury_n shall_v be_v pay_v during_o the_o minority_n of_o the_o heir_n though_o the_o debt_n shall_v come_v into_o the_o king_n hand_n and_o the_o debt_n shall_v be_v pay_v save_v to_o the_o wife_n her_o dower_n and_o maintenance_n for_o the_o child_n according_a to_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o debtor_n land_n and_o save_v the_o lord_n service_n and_o in_o like_a manner_n of_o debt_n to_o other_o the_o whole_a doctrine_n of_o usury_n fall_v under_o the_o title_n of_o jew_n for_o it_o seem_v it_o be_v their_o trade_n and_o their_o proper_a trade_n hitherto_o it_o be_v first_o that_o i_o meet_v with_o 299._o forbid_v at_o a_o legatine_n council_n nigh_o 300_o year_n before_o the_o norman_n time_n but_o by_o the_o confessor_n law_n it_o be_v make_v penal_a to_o christian_n to_o the_o forfeiture_n of_o estate_n and_o banishment_n and_o therefore_o the_o jew_n and_o all_o their_o substance_n be_v hold_v to_o be_v in_o nature_n of_o the_o king_n villain_n as_o touch_v their_o estate_n 16._o for_o they_o can_v get_v nothing_o but_o be_v at_o his_o mercy_n and_o king_n do_v suffer_v they_o to_o continue_v this_o trade_n for_o their_o own_o benefit_n yet_o they_o do_v regulate_v it_o as_o touch_v infant_n as_o by_o this_o law_n of_o king_n john_n 5._o and_o the_o statute_n at_o merton_n do_v appear_v but_o henry_n the_o three_o do_v not_o put_v it_o into_o his_o charter_n as_o i_o think_v because_o it_o be_v no_o liberty_n of_o the_o subject_n 1._o but_o rather_o a_o prejudice_n thereto_o and_o therefore_o edward_n the_o first_o whole_o take_v it_o away_o by_o a_o statute_n make_v in_o his_o time_n and_o thereby_o abolish_v the_o jew_n tenant_n land_n 33._o hold_v of_o land_n escheat_v to_o the_o king_n shall_v hold_v by_o the_o same_o service_n as_o former_o in_o all_o alienation_n of_o land_n 34._o sufficient_a shall_v be_v leave_v for_o the_o lord_n distress_n submit_v to_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o learned_a 7._o i_o conceive_v that_o as_o well_o in_o the_o saxon_a time_n as_o until_o this_o law_n any_o tenant_n may_v alien_n only_a part_n of_o his_o land_n and_o reserve_v the_o service_n to_o the_o alienor_fw-la because_o he_o can_v not_o reserve_v service_n upon_o such_o alienation_n unto_o the_o lord_n paramount_n other_o than_o be_v former_o due_a to_o he_o without_o the_o lord_n consent_n and_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n can_v they_o not_o alien_a the_o whole_a tenancy_n to_o bind_v the_o lord_n without_o his_o express_a licence_n save_v the_o opinion_n in_o the_o book_n of_o assize_n because_o no_o tenant_n can_v be_v enforce_v upon_o any_o lord_n 17._o lest_o he_o may_v be_v his_o enemy_n nevertheless_o it_o seem_v that_o de_fw-fr facto_fw-la tenant_n do_v usual_o alien_a their_o whole_a tenancy_n and_o although_o they_o can_v not_o thereby_o bar_v the_o lord_n right_a yet_o because_o the_o lord_n can_v not_o in_o such_o case_n have_v the_o distress_n of_o his_o own_o tenant_n this_o law_n save_v so_o much_o from_o alienation_n as_o may_v serve_v for_o security_n of_o the_o lord_n distress_n but_o tenant_n be_v not_o thus_o satisfy_v the_o lord_n will_v not_o part_v with_o their_o tenant_n although_o the_o tenant_n necessity_n be_v never_o so_o urgent_a upon_o they_o to_o sell_v their_o land_n and_o therefore_o at_o length_n they_o prevail_v by_o the_o statute_n of_o quia_fw-la emptores_fw-la to_o have_v power_n to_o sell_v all_o 1._o save_v to_o the_o lord_n their_o service_n former_o due_a and_o thus_o the_o lord_n be_v necessitate_v to_o grant_v licenses_fw-la of_o alienation_n to_o such_o as_o the_o tenant_n can_v provide_v to_o buy_v their_o land_n nor_o be_v this_o so_o prejudicial_a to_o the_o lord_n in_o those_o day_n when_o the_o public_a quiet_n be_v settle_v as_o it_o will_v have_v be_v in_o former_a time_n of_o war_n whenas_o the_o lord_n right_a be_v maintain_v more_o by_o might_n and_o the_o aid_n of_o his_o tenant_n than_o by_o law_n which_o then_o be_v of_o little_a power_n the_o 35th_o chapter_n i_o have_v former_o mention_v in_o the_o chapter_n concern_v
be_v to_o be_v order_v by_o tutor_n than_o child_n and_o therefore_o this_o may_v be_v annex_v to_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o liberty_n as_o well_o as_o the_o other_o nevertheless_o it_o seem_v that_o the_o law_n take_v they_o into_o their_o regard_n in_o respect_n of_o their_o estate_n which_o may_v be_v abuse_v to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o the_o public_a rather_o than_o out_o of_o any_o respect_n have_v to_o their_o person_n now_o because_o there_o be_v a_o difference_n between_o the_o disability_n of_o these_o person_n the_o one_o be_v perpetual_a the_o other_o temporary_a therefore_o be_v there_o also_o by_o these_o law_n a_o difference_n in_o the_o disposal_n of_o their_o estate_n for_o the_o tutor_n have_v a_o right_a in_o the_o dispose_n of_o the_o one_o and_o but_o a_o bare_a authority_n or_o power_n in_o provide_v for_o the_o other_o second_o the_o person_n of_o the_o tutor_n be_v to_o be_v consider_v ancient_o it_o be_v the_o next_o kindred_n ground_v as_o i_o conceive_v upon_o the_o natural_a affection_n go_v along_o with_o the_o blood_n and_o this_o so_o continue_v in_o custom_n until_o these_o time_n for_o though_o the_o mirror_n of_o justice_n say_v that_o henry_n the_o first_o bring_v in_o that_o course_n of_o give_v the_o custody_n of_o these_o disable_v person_n to_o the_o king_n as_o have_v be_v former_o observe_v yet_o bracton_n that_o write_v long_o after_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o first_o 20._o speak_v of_o these_o kind_n of_o person_n say_v talibus_fw-la de_fw-fr necessitate_v dandus_fw-la est_fw-la tutor_n vel_fw-la curator_n not_o so_o much_o as_o mention_v the_o king_n in_o the_o case_n 10._o and_o in_o another_o place_n speak_v of_o such_o as_o be_v alieni_fw-la juris_fw-la say_v that_o some_o be_v under_o the_o custody_n of_o their_o lord_n and_o other_o under_o their_o parent_n and_o friend_n but_o let_v the_o time_n of_o the_o entrance_n of_o this_o law_n be_v never_o so_o uncertain_a it_o be_v now_o a_o declare_a law_n that_o the_o king_n in_o such_o case_n be_v the_o common_a curator_n or_o tutor_n of_o all_o such_o person_n as_o he_o be_v a_o chief_a justice_n render_v to_o every_o one_o his_o right_n the_o king_n shall_v have_v the_o wreck_n of_o the_o sea._n 11._o what_o shall_v be_v call_v a_o wreck_n 4._o the_o statute_n at_o west_n 1._o declare_v viz._n where_o the_o ship_n so_o perish_v that_o nothing_o therein_o escape_v alive_a and_o these_o be_v rather_o in_o their_o original_n commit_v to_o the_o king_n as_o a_o curator_n than_o give_v he_o as_o a_o proprietor_n although_o that_o custom_n have_v since_o settle_v a_o kind_n of_o right_n which_o may_v perhaps_o be_v account_v rather_o a_o title_n by_o estoppel_n for_o the_o fundamental_a ground_n be_v that_o the_o right_a owner_n can_v be_v manifest_v and_o therefore_o the_o king_n shall_v hold_v it_o and_o if_o the_o right_a owner_n can_v be_v manifest_v the_o king_n shall_v hold_v it_o till_o the_o owner_n do_v appear_v the_o heir_n in_o socage-tenure_n shall_v have_v a_o action_n of_o waste_n 17._o and_o a_o account_n against_o his_o guardian_n for_o the_o profit_n of_o the_o land_n and_o marriage_n the_o heir_n in_o socage_n be_v under_o age_n 3â—_n shall_v also_o be_v under_o custody_n of_o such_o guardian_n of_o the_o next_o kindred_n who_o can_v challenge_v right_o of_o inheritance_n in_o such_o land_n so_o hold_v as_o if_o the_o land_n descend_v from_o the_o father_n side_n the_o mother_n or_o next_o of_o the_o kindred_n of_o the_o mother_n side_n shall_v have_v the_o custody_n and_o so_o if_o the_o land_n descend_v from_o the_o mother_n the_o father_n or_o next_o kindred_n of_o the_o father_n side_n shall_v have_v the_o custody_n and_o this_o custody_n bring_v with_o it_o a_o authority_n or_o power_n only_o and_o no_o right_n as_o in_o case_n of_o the_o heir_n in_o knight-service_n and_o therefore_o can_v be_v grant_v over_o as_o the_o wardship_n in_o knight-service_n may_v but_o the_o guardian_n in_o socage_n remain_v accountant_a to_o the_o heir_n for_o all_o profit_n both_o of_o land_n and_o marriage_n the_o full_a age_n of_o tenant_n in_o socage_n be_v such_o age_n wherein_o he_o be_v able_a to_o do_v that_o service_n which_o be_v fourteen_o year_n for_o at_o such_o age_n he_o may_v be_v able_a by_o common_a repute_n to_o aid_v in_o tillage_n of_o the_o ground_n which_o be_v his_o proper_a service_n but_o the_o son_n of_o a_o burgess_n have_v no_o set_a time_n of_o full_a age_n but_o at_o such_o time_n as_o he_o can_v tell_v money_n and_o measure_n cloth_n and_o such_o work_n as_o concern_v that_o call_n widow_n deforce_v of_o their_o dower_n of_o quarentine_n 1._o shall_v by_o action_n recover_v damage_n till_o they_o recover_v their_o dower_n they_o shall_v also_o have_v power_n to_o devise_v their_o crop_n arise_v from_o her_o dower_n 40._o it_o be_v use_v that_o the_o heir_n shall_v have_v the_o crop_n with_o the_o land_n but_o this_o statute_n alter_v that_o former_a usage_n and_o yet_o save_v the_o lord_n liberty_n to_o distrain_v if_o any_o service_n be_v due_a writ_n de_fw-la consimili_fw-la casu_fw-la grant_v in_o case_n that_o fall_v under_o the_o same_o law_n 24._o and_o need_v the_o same_o remedy_n and_o such_o writ_n shall_v be_v make_v by_o agreement_n of_o the_o clerk_n in_o the_o chancery_n and_o advice_n of_o such_o as_o be_v skilful_a in_o the_o law._n it_o be_v none_o of_o the_o mean_a liberty_n of_o the_o freeman_n of_o england_n that_o no_o writ_n do_v issue_n forth_o against_o they_o but_o such_o as_o be_v ancient_o in_o use_n and_o agree_v upon_o in_o parliament_n and_o it_o be_v no_o less_o a_o grievance_n and_o just_a cause_n of_o complaint_n that_o king_n use_v to_o send_v writ_n of_o new_a impression_n to_o execute_v the_o dictate_v of_o their_o own_o will_n and_o not_o of_o the_o law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o the_o complaint_n of_o the_o clergy_n in_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o three_o do_v witness_n 44._o nevertheless_o because_o many_o man_n case_n befall_v not_o direct_o within_o the_o letter_n of_o any_o law_n for_o remedy_n and_o yet_o be_v very_o burdensome_a for_o want_v of_o remedy_n it_o be_v provide_v by_o this_o law_n that_o such_o emergent_a case_n that_o do_v fall_v within_o the_o inconvenience_n shall_v be_v comprehend_v within_o the_o remedy_n of_o that_o law._n aid_v to_o make_v the_o son_n of_o the_o lord_n a_o knight_n 36._o and_o to_o marry_v his_o elder_a daughter_n shall_v be_v assess_v after_o the_o rate_n of_o twenty_o shilling_n for_o a_o knight_n fee_n and_o twenty_o shilling_n for_o twenty_o pound_n in_o yearly_a value_n of_o socage-tenure_n the_o uncertainty_n of_o aid_n be_v by_o this_o law_n reduce_v and_o settle_v as_o touch_v the_o sum_n and_o thereby_o deliver_v the_o people_n from_o much_o oppression_n which_o they_o suffer_v former_o nor_o be_v only_o the_o particular_a sum_n hereby_o but_o also_o the_o age_n of_o the_o son_n when_o he_o be_v to_o be_v make_v a_o knight_n viz._n at_o the_o age_n of_o fifteen_o year_n too_o soon_o for_o he_o to_o perform_v knight-service_n but_o not_o too_o soon_o for_o the_o lord_n to_o get_v his_o money_n and_o the_o daughter_n likewise_o be_v allow_v to_o be_v fit_a for_o marriage_n at_o seven_o year_n of_o age_n or_o at_o least_o to_o give_v her_o consent_n thereto_o albeit_o that_o in_o truth_n she_o be_v neither_o fit_n for_o the_o one_o or_o other_o and_o therefore_o it_o must_v be_v the_o lord_n gain_v that_o make_v the_o law_n and_o it_o be_v not_o amiss_o to_o have_v the_o aid_n beforehand_o though_o the_o marriage_n succeed_v not_o for_o many_o year_n after_o and_o if_o the_o lord_n die_v in_o the_o interim_n the_o executor_n have_v asset_n pay_v it_o or_o otherwise_o his_o heir_n chap._n lxviii_o of_o court_n and_o their_o proceed_n beside_o the_o court_n of_o justice_n itinerant_a which_o be_v ancient_a as_o have_v be_v say_v other_o court_n have_v be_v raise_v of_o late_a birth_n albeit_o even_o they_o also_o have_v be_v of_o ancient_a constitution_n and_o divers_a of_o they_o itinerant_a also_o and_o some_o of_o they_o settle_v in_o one_o place_n the_o work_n of_o the_o justice_n itinerant_a be_v universal_a comprehend_v both_o the_o matter_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o common-plea_n that_o of_o oyer_n and_o terminer_n be_v only_o of_o crown-plea_n original_o commence_v and_o inquire_v of_o by_o themselves_o and_o grant_v forth_o upon_o emergent_a crime_n of_o important_a consequence_n that_o require_v speedy_a regard_n and_o reformation_n justice_n of_o gaol-delivery_n have_v a_o more_o large_a work_n that_o be_v to_o deliver_v the_o gaol_n of_o all_o criminal_a offender_n former_o indict_v or_o before_o themselves_o justice_n of_o assize_n and_o nisi_fw-la prius_fw-la be_v to_o have_v cognizance_n of_o common-plea_n only_o and_o
issue_n or_o demurrer_n and_o then_o to_o the_o common-law_n where_o upon_o trial_n if_o the_o defendant_n make_v default_n 25._o the_o plaintiff_n shall_v have_v judgement_n and_o execution_n and_o if_o the_o heir_n be_v in_o ward_n to_o the_o king_n the_o mother_n shall_v sue_v and_o recover_v her_o dower_n in_o the_o chancery_n and_o they_o tell_v we_o 73._o that_o it_o have_v power_n to_o prohibit_v spiritual_a court_n and_o court_n of_o common-law_n yea_o to_o over-rule_v or_o reverse_v judgement_n and_o yet_o the_o common-law_n hold_v its_o ground_n when_o it_o be_v concern_v for_o neither_o be_v all_o suit_n there_o by_o bill_n 47._o as_o in_o case_n of_o equity_n nor_o determine_v according_a to_o such_o rule_n nor_o do_v the_o power_n of_o judicature_n rest_n in_o the_o breast_n of_o one_o chancellor_n but_o in_o he_o joint_o with_o other_o council_n of_o the_o king_n which_o be_v also_o learned_a judge_n of_o the_o law._n for_o the_o report_n inform_v that_o edward_n the_o second_o have_v grant_v a_o rent_n in_o tail_n to_o the_o earl_n of_o kent_n who_o die_v his_o son_n under_o age_n and_o ward_n to_o the_o king_n edward_z the_o third_z seize_v among_o other_o land_n the_o rent_n and_o grant_v it_o to_o sir_n john_n molins_n upon_o petition_n the_o king_n refer_v the_o matter_n to_o the_o archbishop_n and_o other_o of_o the_o council_n call_v to_o they_o the_o chancellor_n a_o scire_fw-la facias_fw-la go_v forth_o to_o sir_n john_n molin_n he_o upon_o appearance_n plead_v to_o the_o jurisdiction_n as_o a_o case_n belong_v to_o the_o common-law_n but_o it_o will_v not_o be_v allow_v because_o it_o be_v to_o repeal_v the_o king_n charter_n and_o whereas_o it_o be_v object_v that_o the_o reference_n be_v to_o the_o archbishop_n and_o other_o and_o therefore_o the_o cause_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v determine_v in_o the_o chancery_n it_o be_v resolve_v that_o it_o do_v proper_o belong_v to_o the_o chancery_n by_o the_o law_n and_o in_o the_o argument_n of_o the_o case_n it_o appear_v clear_o that_o the_o king_n council_n there_o 35._o be_v learn_v in_o the_o law._n and_o the_o same_o be_v yet_o more_o evident_a by_o the_o title_n of_o bill_n in_o those_o day_n exhibit_v in_o the_o chancery_n which_o be_v direct_v to_o the_o chancellor_n and_o the_o king_n council_n and_o the_o rule_n give_v per_fw-la tout_fw-fr les_fw-fr justice_n which_o i_o rather_o note_v for_o the_o shortness_n of_o the_o form_n of_o bill_n in_o those_o day_n far_o different_a from_o these_o time_n wherein_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o complaint_n however_o small_a in_o itself_o be_v oftentimes_o blow_v out_o into_o so_o great_a a_o bubble_n that_o it_o break_v to_o nothing_o and_o the_o statute_n former_o mention_v do_v assert_v the_o same_o thing_n as_o touch_v the_o king_n council_n for_o though_o they_o speak_v of_o the_o council_n or_o chancery_n in_o the_o english_a tongue_n yet_o in_o the_o original_a the_o word_n be_v conceil_fw-fr en_fw-fr chancery_n have_v thus_o touch_v upon_o the_o matter_n under_o the_o judicatory_a of_o the_o chancery_n and_o judge_n in_o the_o same_o in_o the_o next_o place_n the_o manner_n of_o proceed_n come_v to_o consideration_n for_o it_o seem_v they_o have_v be_v former_o very_o irregular_a and_o that_o contrary_a to_o the_o grand_a charter_n upon_o a_o bare_a suggestion_n in_o the_o chancery_n the_o party_n complain_v of_o be_v imprison_v and_o no_o proceed_n make_v thereupon_o for_o remedy_v whereof_o it_o be_v ordain_v that_o upon_o suggestion_n so_o make_v the_o complainant_n be_v to_o find_v surety_n to_o pursue_v the_o suggestion_n and_o that_o the_o process_n of_o law_n shall_v issue_v forth_o against_o the_o party_n without_o imprison_v he_o and_o that_o if_o the_o suggestion_n be_v not_o prove_v true_a the_o complainant_n shall_v incur_v the_o like_a penalty_n that_o the_o defendant_n shall_v have_v do_v in_o case_n he_o have_v be_v find_v guilty_a 17._o but_o afterward_o this_o late_a clause_n be_v alter_v by_o another_o statute_n because_o it_o be_v full_a of_o uncertainty_n and_o it_o be_v ordain_v that_o in_o such_o case_n the_o complainant_n shall_v be_v imprison_v 9_o until_o he_o shall_v satisfy_v the_o defendant_n of_o his_o damage_n and_o furthermore_o shall_v make_v fine_a and_o ransom_n to_o the_o king._n but_o because_o that_o the_o defendant_n many_o time_n hold_v his_o advantage_n 6._o even_o to_o extremity_n this_o course_n last_v not_o long_o but_o a_o new_a law_n be_v make_v which_o put_v the_o power_n of_o award_v damage_n in_o such_o case_n into_o the_o chancellor_n to_o do_v according_a to_o his_o discretion_n and_o thus_o the_o chancery_n obtain_v power_n to_o award_v damage_n which_o they_o never_o have_v forme_o 32._o and_o the_o chancellor_n a_o precedency_n both_o in_o the_o chancery_n and_o of_o the_o council_n in_o the_o court_n of_o star-chamber_n and_o in_o many_o case_n in_o the_o exchequer_n by_o the_o first_o he_o have_v a_o power_n in_o matter_n of_o meum_fw-la and_o tuum_fw-la by_o the_o last_o in_o matter_n mei_fw-la and_o regis_fw-la and_o by_o the_o other_o in_o matter_n mei_fw-la and_o regni_fw-la a_o considerable_a man_n certain_o he_o be_v in_o the_o motion_n of_o government_n but_o how_o much_o more_o if_o he_o be_v make_v archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n cardinal_z and_o legate_z à _fw-fr latere_fw-la or_o archbishop_n lord_n treasurer_n and_o legate_n à _fw-fr latere_fw-la as_o these_o day_n have_v divers_a time_n see_v extraordinary_a advancement_n bestow_v upon_o the_o nobility_n bring_v honour_n to_o the_o throne_n but_o if_o they_o be_v not_o man_n of_o note_a worth_n and_o uprightness_n they_o make_v the_o sceptre_n stoop_v by_o stir_v up_o envy_n in_o the_o nobility_n and_o indignation_n from_o the_o people_n for_o seldom_o be_v it_o see_v that_o advancement_n be_v feed_v from_o the_o crown_n though_o they_o be_v breed_v from_o thence_o but_o either_o maintain_v by_o new_a supply_n from_o the_o people_n purse_n or_o the_o ruin_n or_o decay_v of_o some_o officer_n more_o ancient_a than_o themselves_o or_o both_o and_o such_o be_v the_o condition_n of_o the_o chancellor_n he_o suck_v fat_a from_o beneath_o and_o blood_n and_o spirit_n from_o the_o grand_a chief_a justiciar_n of_o england_n and_o so_o reduce_v that_o honourable_a potentate_n unto_o the_o degree_n of_o chief_a justice_n of_o the_o king_n bench_n leave_v scarce_o unto_o he_o the_o name_n or_o title_n of_o lord_n one_o thing_n more_o remain_v touch_v the_o election_n or_o nomination_n of_o this_o great_a man._n at_o the_o first_o he_o be_v no_o better_a than_o a_o register_n or_o the_o king_n remembrancer_n or_o secretary_n have_v also_o the_o honour_n to_o advise_v the_o king_n in_o such_o matter_n as_o come_v within_o the_o circuit_n of_o the_o write_n in_o his_o custody_n and_o questionless_a eo_fw-la usque_fw-la it_o be_v suitable_a to_o all_o the_o reason_n in_o the_o world_n that_o he_o shall_v be_v of_o the_o king_n be_v sole_a nomination_n and_o election_n but_o when_o it_o befall_v that_o instead_o of_o advise_v the_o king_n his_o word_n be_v take_v to_o be_v the_o rule_n and_o a_o judicatory_a power_n put_v upon_o that_o and_o unto_o this_o be_v superad_v that_o honourable_a trust_n of_o keep_v and_o govern_v the_o great_a seal_n of_o the_o kingdom_n with_o the_o continual_a grow_a power_n occasional_o confer_v upon_o he_o by_o the_o parliament_n he_o be_v now_o become_v no_o more_o the_o king_n remembrancer_n but_o the_o lord_n chancellor_n of_o england_n and_o supreme_a officer_n of_o state._n and_o it_o seem_v but_o reasonable_a that_o he_o shall_v hold_v his_o place_n by_o public_a election_n as_o well_o as_o the_o grand_a justiciar_n who_o plume_n he_o borrow_v and_o other_o grand_a officer_n of_o state_n do_v before_o he_o for_o he_o that_o will_v have_v his_o servant_n to_o work_v for_o another_o must_v give_v the_o other_o that_o honour_n of_o elect_v he_o thereto_o nor_o be_v this_o lay_v aside_o nor_o forget_v by_o these_o time_n but_o a_o claim_n be_v put_v in_o for_o the_o election_n or_o allowance_n of_o this_o principal_a officer_n among_o other_o 15._o the_o parliament_n obtain_v a_o judgement_n in_o the_o case_n by_o the_o king_n confession_n and_o so_o the_o thing_n be_v leave_v to_o the_o judgement_n of_o future_a age_n 10._o viz._n whether_o a_o king_n that_o can_v do_v no_o man_n wrong_v can_v dissemble_v the_o royal_a assent_n in_o parliament_n or_o declare_v himself_o legal_o in_o that_o manner_n by_o proclamation_n chap._n v._o of_o admiral_n court_n this_o be_v a_o three_o court_n that_o maintain_v the_o king_n judicatory_a power_n in_o a_o different_a way_n from_o that_o which_o be_v common_o call_v the_o common-law_n and_o by_o many_o be_v therefore_o suppose_a to_o advance_v the_o king_n prerogative_n but_o upon_o mistake_v ground_n it_o be_v very_o true_a that_o the_o
constant_a supply_n for_o the_o churchman_n out_o of_o their_o estate_n as_o well_o real_a as_o personal_a especial_o in_o the_o particular_n ensue_v the_o most_o ancient_a of_o all_o the_o rest_n be_v the_o first-fruit_n which_o be_v by_o way_n of_o eminency_n call_v cyrick-sceate_a or_o in_o more_o plain_a english_a first-fruit_n church_n free_a which_o be_v always_o payable_a upon_o st._n martin_n day_n unto_o the_o bishop_n out_o of_o that_o house_n where_o the_o party_n do_v inhabit_v upon_o the_o day_n or_o feast_n of_o the_o nativity_n 185._o it_o be_v first_o grant_v by_o parliament_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n ina_n and_o in_o case_n of_o neglect_n of_o payment_n 693._o or_o denial_n it_o be_v penal_a eleven-fold_n to_o the_o bishop_n 545._o beside_o a_o fine_a to_o the_o king_n as_o be_v afterward_o order_v by_o canutus_n after_o the_o first-fruit_n come_v to_o consideration_n the_o revenue_n of_o tithe_n the_o which_o i_o find_v no_o public_a act_n of_o state_n to_o warrant_v tithe_n till_o the_o legatine_n council_n under_o offa_n although_o the_o canon_n be_v more_o ancient_a 298._o the_o bishop_n at_o the_o first_o be_v the_o general_a receiver_n as_o well_o of_o these_o as_o of_o the_o former_a 787._o and_o by_o he_o they_o be_v divide_v into_o three_o part_n 259._o and_o employ_v one_o to_o the_o poor_a another_o for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o the_o church_n and_o a_o three_o part_n for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o the_o presbyter_n but_o in_o future_a time_n many_o act_n of_o state_n succeed_v concern_v this_o among_o which_o that_o grant_n of_o athelwolfe_n must_v be_v a_o little_a pause_v upon_o 2._o some_o writer_n say_v that_o he_o give_v the_o ten_o mansion_n and_o the_o ten_o of_o all_o his_o good_n but_o malmsbury_n say_v the_o ten_o of_o the_o hide_v of_o land_n but_o in_o the_o donation_n itself_o as_o it_o be_v by_o he_o recite_v it_o be_v the_o ten_o mansion_n but_o matth._n westm._n understand_v that_o he_o give_v the_o ten_o part_n of_o his_o kingdom_n 854._o but_o in_o the_o donation_n by_o he_o publish_v it_o be_v decimam_fw-la partem_fw-la terrae_fw-la meae_fw-la in_o my_o opinion_n all_o this_o be_v by_o tradition_n little_o can_v be_v ground_v thereupon_o the_o form_n of_o the_o donation_n itself_o be_v uncertain_a and_o various_a the_o inference_n or_o relation_n more_o uncertain_a and_o unadvised_a for_o if_o the_o king_n have_v grant_v that_o which_o be_v not_o his_o own_o it_o can_v neither_o be_v account_v pious_a or_o rational_a nor_o do_v we_o find_v in_o the_o donation_n that_o the_o king_n in_o precise_a word_n give_v the_o land_n or_o the_o ten_o part_n of_o the_o land_n of_o his_o kingdom_n but_o the_o ten_o of_o his_o land_n in_o the_o kingdom_n and_o the_o exemplification_n publish_v by_o matth._n westm._n countenance_v the_o same_o albeit_o the_o historian_n observe_v it_o not_o but_o suppose_v that_o the_o kingdom_n join_v with_o the_o king_n in_o the_o concession_n and_o that_o it_o be_v the_o course_n to_o pass_v it_o only_o in_o the_o king_n name_n yet_o can_v not_o the_o ten_o hide_n ten_o mansion_n or_o ten_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v grant_v without_o confusion_n in_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o people_n for_o either_o some_o particular_a person_n must_v part_v with_o all_o their_o possession_n or_o else_o out_o of_o every_o man_n possession_n must_v have_v issue_v a_o proportionable_a supply_n or_o last_o a_o ten_o part_n of_o every_o man_n possession_n or_o house_n and_o land_n must_v be_v set_v forth_o from_o the_o rest_n or_o some_o must_v lose_v all_o and_o become_v beggar_n to_o save_v other_o all_o which_o be_v to_o i_o equal_o improbable_a nevertheless_o i_o do_v not_o take_v the_o thing_n to_o be_v whole_o fabulous_a but_o may_v rather_o suppose_v that_o either_o a_o ten_o be_v give_v out_o of_o the_o king_n own_o demesne_n which_o be_v most_o probable_a or_o else_o the_o ten_o of_o the_o profit_n of_o the_o land_n throughout_o the_o kingdom_n and_o that_o it_o be_v by_o public_a act_n of_o state_n and_o that_o clause_n forget_v by_o historian_n and_o thus_o may_v a_o good_a precedent_n be_v lead_v to_o alfred_n athelstan_n 392._o and_o other_o king_n 527._o who_o settle_a tithe_n under_o payment_n of_o penalty_n and_o appoint_v the_o time_n of_o payment_n viz._n luminary_n the_o small_a ttihe_n at_o whitsuntide_n and_o the_o great_a tithe_n at_o alhollantide_n another_o tribute_n be_v that_o of_o luminary_n which_o by_o alfred_n and_o gunthrum_fw-la be_v first_o settle_v by_o law_n 377._o although_o it_o have_v be_v before_o claim_v by_o canon_n it_o be_v payable_a thrice_o a_o year_n viz._n hollantide_n candlemas_n and_o easter_n 1032._o at_o each_o time_n half_a a_o penny_n upon_o every_o hide_n of_o land_n and_o this_o be_v under_o a_o penalty_n also_o another_o income_n arise_v from_o the_o plough_n and_o under_o the_o name_n of_o plough-alm_n at_o the_o first_o it_o be_v grant_v by_o edward_n the_o elder_a general_o 905._o and_o the_o value_n be_v a_o penny_n upon_o every_o plough_n and_o in_o aftertime_n it_o be_v ordain_v to_o be_v pay_v fifteen_o day_n after_o easter_n 1009._o next_o come_v a_o fee_n at_o the_o death_n of_o the_o party_n which_o be_v common_o call_v soul_n shoot_v soul-shot_a and_o pay_v before_o the_o dead_a body_n be_v bury_v unto_o that_o church_n where_o the_o dead_a party_n dwell_v be_v 1009._o so_o as_o they_o never_o leave_v pay_v and_o ask_v so_o long_o as_o the_o body_n be_v above_o ground_n and_o this_o it_o be_v probable_a turn_v into_o that_o fee_n which_o be_v afterward_o call_v a_o mortuary_n the_o incumbent_a also_o of_o every_o church_n have_v glebe_n lay_v to_o the_o church_n beside_o oblation_n and_o other_o casual_a profit_n glebe_n as_o well_o arise_v from_o house_n border_v upon_o the_o church_n 750._o as_o otherwise_o all_o these_o four_o last_o be_v payable_a to_o the_o priest_n of_o that_o particular_a congregation_n and_o have_v not_o their_o beginning_n till_o parish_n come_v to_o be_v settle_v last_o the_o zeal_n of_o the_o charity_n of_o england_n be_v not_o so_o cold_a as_o to_o contain_v itself_o within_o its_o own_o bound_n peter-pence_n they_o be_v a_o dependent_a church_n upon_o rome_n and_o their_o old_a mother_n must_v not_o be_v forget_v a_o alm_n be_v grant_v for_o under_o that_o lowly_a title_n it_o pass_v first_o but_o afterward_o call_v romscot_n or_o romesfeogh_n or_o heordpenny_n for_o it_o be_v a_o penny_n upon_o every_o hearth_n or_o chimney_n payable_a at_o the_o feast_n of_o st._n peter_n ad_fw-la vincula_fw-la and_o therefore_o also_o call_v peter-pence_n it_o be_v for_o the_o pope_n use_n and_o be_v settle_v under_o great_a penalty_n upon_o the_o defaulter_n it_o arise_v by_o degree_n and_o parcel_n for_o first_o ina_n the_o saxon_a king_n grant_v a_o penny_n out_o of_o every_o house_n in_o his_o kingdom_n 725._o after_o he_o offa_n grant_v it_o out_o of_o every_o dwell_a house_n that_o have_v ground_n thereto_o occupy_v to_o the_o yearly_a value_n of_o thirty_o penny_n 791._o except_v the_o land_n which_o he_o have_v purpose_v for_o the_o monastery_n at_o st._n alban_n 847_o this_o offa_n have_v a_o much_o large_a dominion_n than_o ina_n and_o be_v king_n over_o three_o and_o twenty_o shire_n after_o who_o aethelwolf_n pass_v a_o new_a grant_n thereof_o out_o of_o his_o whole_a kingdom_n which_o be_v well-nigh_o all_o that_o part_n which_o be_v call_v saxony_n with_o this_o proviso_n nevertheless_o that_o where_o a_o man_n have_v divers_a dwell_v house_n he_o be_v to_o pay_v only_o for_o that_o house_n wherein_o he_o dwell_v at_o the_o time_n of_o payment_n afterwards_o edward_n the_o confessor_n 1._o confirm_v that_o donation_n out_o of_o such_o tenement_n as_o have_v thirty_o penny_n vivae_fw-la pecuniae_fw-la if_o then_o it_o be_v grant_v that_o the_o saxon_a subject_n have_v any_o property_n in_o their_o land_n or_o tenement_n as_o no_o man_n ever_o question_v then_o can_v not_o this_o charge_n be_v impose_v without_o the_o public_a consent_n of_o the_o people_n and_o then_o the_o assertion_n of_o polydore_n and_o the_o monk_n who_o tell_v we_o that_o ina_n and_o offa_n have_v make_v the_o whole_a kingdom_n tributary_n to_o rome_n must_v needs_o be_v a_o mistake_n both_o in_o the_o person_n and_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o gift_n see_v there_o be_v a_o much_o more_o difference_n between_o a_o alm_n and_o a_o tribute_n than_o between_o the_o king_n and_o the_o people_n now_o that_o it_o be_v a_o alm_n and_o not_o a_o tribute_n may_v appear_v for_o that_o the_o original_n be_v a_o sudden_a pang_n of_o zeal_n conceive_v and_o bear_v in_o one_o breath_n 19_o while_o the_o king_n be_v at_o rome_n and_o therefore_o not_o impose_v as_o a_o tribute_n second_o it_o be_v ex_fw-la regali_fw-la munificentia_fw-la and_o therefore_o free_a three_o it_o be_v express_o
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est_fw-la testamentum_fw-la in_o any_o rational_a way_n be_v expound_v in_o this_o sense_n if_o we_o consider_v the_o context_n which_o run_v thus_o haeredes_fw-la &_o successores_fw-la cuique_fw-la liberi_fw-la &_o nullum_fw-la est_fw-la testamentum_fw-la which_o in_o my_o opinion_n find_v in_o this_o sense_n the_o heir_n and_o successor_n to_o every_o one_o be_v his_o child_n and_o there_o be_v no_o testamentary_a power_n to_o disherit_v or_o alter_v the_o course_n of_o descent_n which_o by_o custom_n or_o law_n be_v settle_v otherwise_o to_o deny_v they_o the_o use_n of_o all_o testamentary_a power_n be_v a_o matter_n quite_o abhor_v the_o custom_n of_o all_o the_o grecian_n from_o who_o they_o learn_v all_o that_o they_o have_v 817._o nevertheless_o the_o saxon_n have_v not_o be_v long_o acquaint_v with_o the_o romanist_n 2._o but_o they_o have_v get_v that_o trick_n of_o they_o also_o of_o disherit_v by_o last_o will_n as_o by_o the_o testament_n of_o aethelwolf_n and_o other_o
they_o have_v in_o body_n aggregate_v may_v appear_v as_o follow_v the_o freeman_n of_o england_n be_v such_o as_o either_o join_v in_o the_o war_n with_o harold_n against_o the_o norman_n or_o such_o as_o absent_v themselves_o from_o the_o way_n of_o opposition_n or_o enmity_n and_o be_v either_o wait_v upon_o their_o own_o affair_n or_o side_v with_o the_o norman_n and_o questionless_a all_o the_o sadness_n of_o the_o war_n befall_v the_o first_o sort_n of_o the_o english_a who_o person_n and_o estate_n to_o make_v the_o way_n of_o the_o first_o norman_n william_n regular_a and_o of_o one_o piece_n never_o fall_v so_o low_a as_o to_o come_v under_o the_o law_n or_o rather_o the_o will_n of_o conquest_n but_o in_o their_o worst_a condition_n be_v in_o truth_n within_o the_o directory_n of_o the_o law_n of_o forfeiture_n for_o treason_n against_o their_o sovereign_a lord_n who_o claim_n be_v by_o title_n as_o have_v be_v already_o note_v the_o other_o sort_n either_o do_v appear_v to_o be_v the_o norman_n friend_n or_o for_o aught_o appear_v so_o be_v and_o so_o never_o offend_v the_o law_n never_o suffer_v any_o penalty_n but_o hold_v their_o person_n and_o possession_n still_o under_o the_o patronage_n of_o law_n as_o ancient_o they_o and_o their_o ancestor_n have_v do_v and_o that_o this_o be_v the_o norman_n meaning_n they_o publish_v the_o same_o to_o the_o world_n in_o a_o fundamental_a law_n 55._o whereby_o be_v grant_v that_o all_o the_o freeman_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n shall_v have_v and_o hold_v their_o land_n and_o possession_n in_o hereditary_a right_n for_o ever_o and_o by_o this_o be_v secure_v against_o forfeiture_n they_o be_v further_o save_v from_o all_o wrong_n by_o the_o same_o law_n which_o provide_v that_o they_o shall_v hold_v they_o well_o or_o quiet_o and_o in_o peace_n free_a from_o all_o unjust_a tax_n and_o from_o all_o tallage_n so_o as_o nothing_o shall_v be_v exact_v nor_o take_v but_o their_o free_a service_n which_o by_o right_n they_o be_v bind_v to_o perform_v this_o be_v expound_v in_o the_o law_n of_o h._n 1._o cap._n 4._o that_o no_o tribute_n or_o tax_n shall_v be_v take_v but_o what_o be_v due_a in_o the_o confessor_n time_n under_o the_o word_n tax_n be_v understand_v monetagium_fw-la commune_v per_fw-la civitates_fw-la or_o comitatus_fw-la so_o as_o aid_n and_o escuage_n be_v not_o include_v for_o they_o be_v not_o charge_v upon_o county_n and_o city_n but_o upon_o tenor_n in_o knight-service_n nor_o be_v dane_n geld_v hereby_o take_v away_o for_o that_o be_v a_o tax_n in_o the_o confessor_n time_n and_o grant_v by_o parliament_n so_o then_o the_o norman_a king_n claim_v no_o other_o right_n in_o the_o land_n and_o possession_n of_o any_o of_o their_o subject_n than_o under_o and_o by_o the_o law_n or_o common_a right_n and_o they_o conclude_v the_o law_n with_o a_o sicut_fw-la which_o i_o thus_o english_a as_o it_o be_v enact_v to_o they_o or_o agree_v by_o they_o and_o unto_o they_o by_o we_o give_v and_o grant_v by_o the_o common-council_n of_o our_o whole_a kingdom_n nostri_fw-la i_o leave_v the_o word_n to_o be_v criticize_v upon_o as_o the_o reader_n shall_v please_v be_v well_o assure_v that_o the_o most_o strain_a sense_n can_v reach_v no_o further_o than_o to_o make_v it_o sound_v as_o a_o estoppel_n or_o conclusion_n to_o the_o king_n and_o his_o successor_n to_o make_v any_o further_a claim_n unto_o the_o estate_n of_o his_o subject_n than_o by_o law_n or_o right_n be_v warrantable_a under_o which_o notion_n conquest_n never_o do_v nor_o can_v come_v as_o shall_v more_o full_o be_v manifest_v hereafter_o but_o the_o right_a genius_n of_o this_o law_n will_v also_o more_o evident_o appear_v by_o the_o practice_n of_o those_o time_n which_o even_o when_o justice_n itself_o do_v most_o importune_a so_o tender_o regard_v the_o liberty_n of_o man_n estate_n that_o no_o distress_n can_v issue_v without_o public_a warrant_n obtain_v and_o upon_o three_o complaint_n first_o make_v 45._o and_o right_o not_o do_v and_o when_o rape_n and_o plunder_n be_v in_o the_o heat_n and_o man_n may_v seem_v to_o have_v no_o more_o right_a than_o they_o have_v power_n to_o maintain_v yet_o even_o then_o this_o law_n be_v refuge_n sufficient_a for_o such_o as_o be_v oppress_v norsf_n and_o be_v plead_v in_o bar_n against_o all_o usurpation_n and_o intrusion_n under_o pretext_n of_o the_o conquerour_n right_n whatsoever_o as_o by_o the_o case_n of_o edwin_n of_o sharneburn_n may_v appear_v second_o the_o freeman_n of_o england_n have_v vote_n in_o the_o make_n of_o law_n by_o which_o meum_fw-la and_o tuum_fw-la be_v bound_v and_o maintain_v as_o may_v appear_v by_o what_o have_v be_v already_o say_v nor_o shall_v i_o endeavour_v further_a therein_o three_o they_o have_v a_o influence_n upon_o the_o judicatory_a power_n for_o first_o the_o matter_n in_o fact_n be_v determine_v by_o the_o vote_n of_o the_o freeman_n as_o the_o law_n of_o the_o conqueror_n and_o of_o henry_n the_o first_o do_v sufficient_o manifest_a second_o they_o have_v a_o influence_n in_o the_o make_n of_o the_o sheriff_n who_o as_o well_o as_o the_o bishop_n be_v by_o election_n of_o the_o people_n three_o 15._o they_o have_v a_o influence_n upon_o all_o judge_n by_o set_v a_o penal_a law_n upon_o they_o in_o case_n of_o corruption_n which_o if_o not_o so_o penal_a as_o to_o take_v away_o life_n be_v nevertheless_o penal_a enough_o to_o make_v a_o unjust_a judge_n to_o be_v a_o live_a pattern_n and_o example_n of_o misery_n to_o teach_v other_o to_o beware_v two_o thing_n more_o must_v be_v add_v though_o somewhat_o collateral_a to_o this_o purpose_n concern_v the_o right_a of_o the_o freeman_n in_o the_o common_a mint_n and_o in_o their_o villain_n concern_v the_o mint_n 6_o that_o the_o saxon_n have_v make_v it_o as_o parcel_n of_o the_o demesue_v of_o the_o kingdom_n 22._o and_o leave_v to_o the_o king_n only_o a_o overseership_n reserve_v the_o control_n and_o chief_a survey_n thereof_o to_o the_o grand_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n who_o have_v slate_v the_o same_o in_o the_o confessour_n time_n but_o after_o he_o the_o norman_n change_v the_o current_n according_a to_o their_o own_o like_n till_o by_o henry_n the_o first_o it_o be_v reduce_v into_o the_o ancient_a course_n 1._o allow_v no_o money_n but_o such_o as_o be_v currant_n in_o the_o day_n of_o the_o confessor_n who_o law_n also_o with_o some_o alteration_n by_o the_o conqueror_n with_o common_a advice_n he_o also_o establish_v concern_v the_o lord_n right_a to_o their_o villain_n it_o be_v observable_a first_o 66._o that_o liberty_n of_o enfranchisement_n be_v allow_v which_o can_v never_o have_v be_v have_v not_o the_o liberty_n of_o the_o subject_a be_v save_v second_o that_o enfranchisement_n proper_o be_v the_o work_n of_o the_o people_n or_o the_o body_n and_o the_o lord_n be_v to_o deliver_v his_o villain_n by_o his_o right_a hand_n unto_o the_o sheriff_n in_o full_a county-court_n and_o 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marry_v at_o their_o own_o will_n without_o pay_v fine_a or_o composition_n to_o the_o lord_n and_o yet_o must_v have_v the_o like_n of_o the_o lord_n so_o far_o as_o to_o declare_v whether_o the_o man_n intend_v be_v his_o enemy_n or_o not_o and_o fit_a to_o perform_v knight-service_n this_o law_n be_v therefore_o ground_v upon_o the_o present_a distress_n of_o affair_n wherein_o the_o nation_n be_v unsettle_a and_o common_a right_a have_v establish_v a_o mutual_a trust_n between_o lord_n and_o tenant_n find_v out_o this_o mean_n to_o preserve_v the_o same_o for_o if_o the_o marriage_n of_o those_o that_o be_v relate_v to_o the_o tenant_n in_o such_o manner_n as_o may_v inherit_v part_n of_o all_o his_o land_n or_o have_v jointure_n therein_o shall_v be_v leave_v altogether_o at_o the_o liberty_n of_o the_o tenant_n or_o his_o widow_n it_o must_v needs_o follow_v that_o the_o mutual_a trust_n between_o lord_n and_o tenant_n must_v fail_v and_o the_o public_a receive_v damage_n and_o 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encouragement_n for_o the_o comfortable_a proceed_n therein_o than_o the_o settle_n of_o the_o constant_a maintenance_n of_o the_o wife_n in_o case_n of_o survivorship_n by_o the_o law_n of_o dower_n of_o the_o land_n and_o tenement_n of_o the_o husband_n edm._n which_o be_v so_o full_a of_o contingency_n and_o uncertainty_n in_o the_o portion_n of_o good_n that_o be_v by_o the_o saxon_a law_n appoint_v to_o the_o wife_n in_o such_o case_n nor_o be_v this_o all_o for_o by_o marriage_n thus_o make_v to_o the_o norman_n they_o have_v a_o great_a hold_n not_o so_o much_o over_o the_o english_a as_o in_o the_o english_a and_o that_o not_o only_o during_o coverture_n but_o by_o reason_n of_o this_o title_n of_o dower_n the_o woman_n become_v tenant_n and_o under_o the_o lord_n wing_n so_o as_o they_o dare_v not_o willing_o and_o illegal_o offend_v their_o lord_n in_o their_o widowhood_n nor_o by_o law_n nor_o reason_n match_v themselves_o and_o their_o dowry_n to_o any_o other_o that_o be_v 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say_v fol._n 258._o yet_o it_o come_v upon_o a_o ancient_a foundation_n lay_v in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o dane_n for_o my_o own_o part_n i_o will_v not_o dispute_v the_o point_n whether_o this_o custom_n of_o wardship_n be_v pure_o norman_n or_o whether_o it_o be_v derive_v from_o the_o saxon_n ancient_o who_o possible_o may_v have_v some_o respect_n to_o orphan_n in_o such_o case_n to_o train_v they_o up_o for_o the_o public_a service_n in_o point_n of_o war_n especial_o be_v possessor_n of_o a_o know_a right_n of_o relief_n meneu._n as_o well_o as_o alfred_n the_o saxon_a king_n do_v undertake_v the_o work_n for_o the_o train_n of_o some_o such_o particular_a person_n in_o learning_n for_o the_o service_n of_o the_o public_a in_o time_n of_o peace_n and_o civil_a government_n yet_o thus_o much_o appear_v that_o guardianship_n of_o land_n be_v a_o know_a custom_n
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circuit_n have_v six_o justice_n 137._o which_o the_o king_n make_v justice_n of_o the_o common_a plea_n throughout_o the_o kingdom_n 445._o neither_o yet_o do_v the_o first_o commission_n continue_v so_o long_o as_o four_o year_n for_o within_o that_o time_n richard_n lucy_n one_o of_o the_o justice_n have_v renounce_v his_o office_n and_o betake_v himself_o to_o a_o cloister_n and_o yet_o be_v neither_o name_n in_o the_o first_o commission_n nor_o in_o the_o latter_a nor_o do_v the_o last_o commission_n continue_v five_o year_n 1184._o for_o within_o that_o time_n ralph_n glanvil_n remove_v from_o the_o northern_a circuit_n to_o that_o of_o worcester_n as_o by_o the_o story_n of_o sir_n gilbert_n plumpton_n may_v appear_v though_o little_a to_o the_o honour_n of_o the_o justice_n of_o the_o kingdom_n or_o of_o that_o judge_n however_o his_o book_n commend_v he_o to_o posterity_n i_o take_v it_o upon_o the_o credit_n of_o the_o reporter_n that_o this_o itinerary_a judicature_n be_v settle_v to_o hold_v every_o seven_o year_n 33_o but_o i_o find_v no_o monument_n thereof_o before_o these_o day_n as_o touch_v their_o power_n certain_o it_o be_v in_o point_n of_o judicature_n as_o large_a as_o that_o of_o the_o court_n of_o lord_n though_o not_o so_o high_a it_o be_v as_o large_a because_o they_o have_v cognizance_n of_o all_o cause_n both_o concern_v the_o crown_n and_o common-plea_n 7._o and_o among_o those_o of_o the_o crown_n this_o only_a i_o shall_v note_v that_o all_o manner_n of_o falsehood_n be_v inquirable_a by_o those_o judge_n which_o after_o come_v to_o be_v much_o invade_v by_o the_o clergy_n i_o shall_v say_v no_o more_o of_o this_o but_o that_o in_o their_o original_n these_o iter_n be_v little_a other_o than_o visitation_n of_o the_o country_n by_o the_o grand_a council_n of_o lord_n nor_o shall_v i_o add_v any_o thing_n concern_v the_o vicontiel_n court_v and_o other_o inferior_a but_o what_o i_o find_v in_o glanvil_n 2._o that_o though_o robbery_n belong_v to_o the_o king_n court_n yet_o theft_n belong_v to_o the_o sheriff_n court_n and_o if_o the_o lord_n court_n intercept_v not_o all_o battery_n and_o wound_n unless_o in_o the_o complaint_n they_o be_v charge_v to_o be_v do_v contra_fw-la pacem_fw-la domini_fw-la regis_fw-la 10._o the_o like_a also_o of_o inferior_a trespass_n beside_o common-plea_n whereof_o more_o shall_v follow_v in_o the_o next_o chapter_n as_o occasion_n shall_v be_v chap._n lxii_o of_o certain_a law_n of_o judicature_n in_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o second_o and_o hereof_o i_o shall_v note_v only_o a_o few_o as_o well_o touch_v matter_n of_o the_o crown_n as_o of_o property_n be_v desirous_a to_o observe_v the_o change_n of_o law_n with_o the_o time_n and_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o growth_n thereof_o to_o that_o pitch_n which_o in_o these_o time_n it_o have_v attain_v we_o can_v find_v in_o any_o story_n that_o the_o saxon_a church_n be_v infest_a with_o any_o heresy_n heresy_n from_o their_o first_o entrance_n till_o this_o present_a generation_n the_o first_o and_o last_o heresy_n that_o ever_o trouble_a this_o island_n be_v imbred_a by_o pelagius_n but_o that_o be_v among_o the_o britain_n and_o be_v first_o batter_v by_o the_o council_n or_o synod_n under_o germanus_n but_o afterward_o suppress_v by_o the_o zeal_n of_o the_o saxon_n who_o like_v nothing_o of_o the_o british_a breed_n and_o for_o who_o sake_n it_o suffer_v more_o happy_o than_o for_o the_o foulness_n of_o the_o opinion_n the_o saxon_a church_n 585._o leaven_v from_o rome_n for_o the_o space_n of_o above_o five_o hundred_o year_n hold_v on_o its_o course_n without_o any_o intermission_n by_o cross_a doctrine_n spring_v up_o till_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o second_o then_o enter_v a_o sect_n who_o they_o call_v publican_n but_o be_v the_o albigence_n as_o may_v appear_v by_o the_o decree_n of_o pope_n alexander_n who_o opinion_n i_o shall_v not_o trouble_v my_o course_n with_o but_o it_o seem_v they_o be_v such_o as_o cross_v their_o way_n and_o henry_n the_o second_o make_v the_o first_o precedent_n of_o punish_v heresy_n in_o the_o kingdom_n under_o the_o name_n of_o this_o sect_n 13._o who_o he_o cause_v to_o be_v bring_v before_o a_o council_n of_o bishop_n who_o endeavour_v to_o convince_v they_o of_o their_o error_n but_o fail_v therein_o they_o pronounce_v they_o heretic_n and_o deliver_v they_o over_o to_o the_o lay_v power_n by_o which_o mean_n they_o be_v brand_v in_o the_o forehead_n whip_v and_o expose_v to_o extremity_n of_o the_o cold_a according_a to_o the_o decree_n of_o the_o church_n die_v alexand._n this_o be_v the_o manner_n and_o punishment_n of_o heretic_n in_o this_o kingdom_n in_o those_o day_n 585._o albeit_o in_o seem_v they_o be_v then_o decree_v to_o be_v burn_v in_o other_o country_n if_o that_o relation_n of_o cog_n shall_v be_v true_a which_o picardus_n note_v upon_o the_o 13_o chapter_n of_o the_o history_n of_o william_n of_o newberry_n out_o of_o which_o i_o have_v insert_v this_o relation_n another_o case_n we_o meet_v with_o in_o henry_n the_o second_o be_v time_n concern_v apostasy_n which_o be_v a_o crime_n that_o as_o it_o seem_v die_v as_o soon_o as_o it_o be_v bear_v apostasy_n for_o beside_o that_o one_o 9_o we_o find_v no_o second_v thereto_o in_o all_o the_o file_n of_o english_a story_n the_o particular_a be_v that_o a_o clerk_n have_v renounce_v his_o baptism_n and_o turn_v jew_n and_o for_o this_o be_v convict_v by_o a_o council_n of_o bishop_n at_o oxford_n and_o be_v burn_v so_o as_o we_o have_v apostasy_n punish_v with_o death_n and_o heresy_n with_o a_o punishment_n that_o prove_v mortal_a and_o the_o manner_n of_o conviction_n of_o both_o by_o a_o council_n of_o the_o clergy_n and_o deliver_v over_o to_o the_o lay-power_n who_o certain_o proceed_v according_a to_o the_o direction_n of_o the_o canon_n or_o advice_n of_o the_o council_n these_o if_o no_o more_o be_v sufficient_a to_o demonstrate_v the_o grow_a power_n of_o the_o clergy_n however_o brave_a the_o king_n be_v against_o all_o his_o enemy_n in_o the_o field_n treason_n be_v ancient_o use_v only_a as_o a_o crime_n of_o breach_n of_o trust_n or_o fealty_n as_o have_v be_v already_o note_v treason_n now_o it_o grow_v into_o a_o sad_a temper_n and_o be_v make_v all_o one_o with_o that_o of_o laesa_fw-la majestas_fw-la and_o that_o majesty_n that_o nowadays_o be_v wrap_v up_o whole_o in_o the_o person_n of_o the_o king_n be_v in_o henry_n the_o second_o be_v time_n impart_v to_o the_o king_n and_o kingdom_n as_o in_o the_o first_o time_n it_o be_v more_o relate_v to_o the_o kingdom_n 2._o and_o therefore_o glanvil_n in_o his_o book_n of_o law_n speak_v of_o the_o wound_n of_o majesty_n exemplify_v sedition_n and_o destruction_n of_o the_o kingdom_n 1._o to_o be_v in_o equal_a degree_n a_o wound_n of_o majesty_n with_o the_o destruction_n of_o the_o person_n of_o the_o king_n and_o then_o he_o name_v sedition_n in_o the_o army_n and_o fraudulent_a conversion_n of_o treasure-trove_a which_o proper_o belong_v to_o the_o king._n all_o which_o he_o say_v be_v punish_v with_o death_n and_o forfeiture_n of_o estate_n and_o corruption_n of_o blood_n for_o so_o i_o take_v the_o meaning_n of_o the_o word_n in_o relation_n to_o what_o ensue_v felony_n of_o manslaughter_n burn_v robbery_n ravishment_n and_o fausonry_n be_v to_o be_v punish_v with_o loss_n of_o member_n and_o estate_n felony_n this_o be_v the_o law_n derive_v from_o the_o norman_n and_o according_o be_v the_o direction_n in_o the_o charge_n give_v to_o the_o justice_n itinerant_a in_o henry_n the_o second_o be_v time_n as_o appear_v in_o hoveden_n but_o treason_n or_o treachery_n against_o the_o oath_n 25._o fealty_n or_o bond_n of_o allegiance_n as_o of_o the_o servant_n against_o the_o lord_n be_v punish_v with_o certain_a and_o with_o painful_a death_n and_o therefore_o though_o the_o murder_n of_o the_o king_n be_v treason_n yet_o the_o murder_n of_o his_o son_n be_v no_o other_o than_o as_o of_o another_o man_n unless_o it_o arise_v from_o those_o of_o his_o own_o servant_n 79._o the_o penalty_n of_o loss_n of_o estate_n be_v common_a both_o to_o treason_n and_o felony_n it_o reach_v even_o unto_o theft_n in_o which_o case_n the_o forfeiture_n as_o to_o the_o movable_n 17._o be_v to_o the_o sheriff_n of_o the_o county_n unto_o who_o cognizance_n the_o case_n do_v belong_v and_o the_o land_n go_v to_o the_o lord_n immediate_o and_o not_o to_o the_o king._n but_o in_o all_o case_n of_o felony_n and_o of_o a_o high_a nature_n the_o party_n though_o not_o the_o king_n tenant_n lose_v his_o personal_a estate_n to_o the_o king_n for_o ever_o his_o freehold_n also_o for_o a_o year_n and_o a_o day_n after_o which_o they_o return_v to_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o soil_n by_o way_n of_o escheat_n
say_v that_o he_o will_v set_v down_o frequentius_fw-la usitata_fw-la and_o it_o be_v past_a question_n but_o that_o the_o trial_n by_o twelve_o man_n be_v much_o more_o ancient_a as_o have_v be_v already_o note_v one_o thing_n more_o yet_o remain_v concern_v the_o widow_n of_o the_o tenant_n who_o dower_n be_v not_o only_o provide_v for_o but_o her_o reasonable_a part_n of_o her_o husband_n be_v personal_a estate_n the_o original_n hereof_o be_v from_o the_o norman_n and_o it_o be_v as_o popular_a as_o that_o of_o wardship_n be_v regal_a and_o so_o they_o make_v the_o english_a woman_n as_o sure_a to_o they_o as_o they_o be_v sure_a of_o their_o child_n the_o justice_n shall_v by_o assize_n try_v disseisin_n do_v since_o the_o king_n be_v come_v over_o sea_n next_o after_o the_o peace_n make_v between_o he_o and_o his_o son._n this_o be_v call_v the_o assize_n of_o novel_a disseisin_n or_o of_o disseisin_n late_o make_v it_o seem_v that_o the_o limitation_n be_v set_v for_o the_o justice_n sake_n who_o now_o be_v appoint_v to_o that_o work_n which_o former_o belong_v to_o the_o county-courts_a 33._o and_o to_o prevent_v intrenchment_n of_o court_n a_o limitation_n be_v determine_v although_o the_o copy_n seem_v to_o be_v mistake_v for_o the_o limitation_n in_o the_o writ_n be_v from_o the_o king_n be_v last_o voyage_n or_o go_v into_o normandy_n justice_n shall_v do_v right_a upon_o the_o king_n be_v write_v for_o half_a a_o knight_n fee_n and_o under_o unless_o in_o case_n of_o difficulty_n which_o be_v to_o be_v refer_v to_o the_o king._n the_o justice_n itinerant_a end_v the_o small_a matter_n in_o their_o circuit_n the_o other_o be_v reserve_v to_o the_o king_n in_o his_o bench._n justice_n shall_v inquire_v of_o escheat_n land_n church_n and_o woman_n in_o the_o king_n gift_n and_o of_o castleguard_n who_o how_o much_o and_o where_o so_o as_o the_o judge_n itinerant_a have_v the_o work_n of_o escheator_n and_o make_v their_o circuit_n serve_v as_o well_o for_o the_o king_n profit_n as_o justice_n to_o the_o subject_n they_o use_v also_o to_o take_v fealty_n of_o the_o people_n to_o the_o king_n at_o one_o certain_a time_n of_o the_o year_n and_o to_o demand_v homage_n also_o these_o matter_n of_o the_o king_n exchequer_n make_v the_o presence_n of_o the_o judge_n less_o acceptable_a and_o it_o may_v be_v occasion_v some_o kind_n of_o oppression_n and_o as_o touch_v castleguard_n it_o be_v a_o tenure_n in_o great_a use_n in_o these_o bloody_a time_n and_o yet_o it_o seem_v they_o use_v to_o take_v rend_v instead_o of_o the_o personal_a service_n else_o have_v that_o enquiry_n how_o much_o be_v improper_a of_o a_o tenant_n hold_v and_o of_o several_a lord_n that_o one_o man_n may_v hold_v several_a land_n of_o several_a lord_n and_o so_o owe_v service_n to_o they_o all_o be_v so_o common_a as_o nothing_o can_v be_v more_o nevertheless_o it_o will_v not_o be_v altogether_o out_o of_o the_o way_n to_o touch_v somewhat_o upon_o the_o nature_n of_o this_o mutual_a relation_n between_o lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o general_n that_o the_o true_a nature_n of_o the_o diversity_n may_v more_o full_o appear_v the_o foundation_n or_o subject_n of_o service_n be_v a_o piece_n of_o land_n or_o other_o tenement_n at_o the_o first_o give_v by_o the_o lord_n to_o the_o tenant_n in_o affirmance_n of_o a_o stipulation_n between_o they_o presuppose_v by_o the_o give_v and_o receive_v whereof_o the_o tenant_n undertake_v to_o peform_v service_n to_o the_o lord_n and_o the_o lord_n undertake_v protection_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o his_o right_n to_o that_o tenement_n 4._o the_o service_n be_v first_o by_o service_n solemn_o bind_v either_o by_o oath_n which_o the_o lord_n or_o his_o deputy_n by_o the_o common-law_n have_v power_n to_o administer_v as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o fealty_n in_o which_o the_o tenant_n bind_v himself_o to_o be_v true_a to_o the_o honour_n and_o safety_n of_o his_o lord_n person_n and_o to_o perform_v the_o service_n due_a to_o the_o lord_n for_o the_o tenement_n so_o give_v or_o otherwise_o by_o the_o tenant_n humble_a acknowledgement_n and_o promise_v not_o only_o to_o perform_v the_o service_n due_a but_o even_o to_o be_v devote_v to_o the_o lord_n service_n to_o honour_v he_o and_o to_o adventure_v limb_n and_o life_n and_o be_v true_a and_o faithful_a to_o the_o lord_n this_o be_v call_v homage_n from_o those_o word_n i_o become_v your_o man_n sir_n and_o yet_o promise_v upon_o the_o matter_n no_o more_o but_o fealty_n in_o a_o deep_a compliment_n albeit_o there_o be_v difference_n in_o the_o adjunct_n belong_v to_o eách_v for_o though_o it_o be_v true_a that_o by_o promise_n of_o be_v the_o lord_n man_n a_o general_a service_n may_v seem_v to_o be_v imply_v yet_o in_o regard_n that_o it_o be_v upon_o occasion_n only_o of_o that_o present_a tenure_n it_o seem_v to_o i_o that_o it_o be_v to_o be_v restrain_v only_o to_o those_o particular_a service_n which_o belong_v to_o that_o tenement_n and_o therefore_o if_o that_o tenement_n be_v hold_v in_o socage_n although_o the_o tenant_n be_v bind_v to_o homage_n yet_o that_o homage_n tie_v not_o the_o tenant_n to_o the_o service_n of_o a_o knight_n 5._o nor_o contrary_o do_v the_o homage_n of_o a_o tenant_n in_o knight-service_n tie_v he_o to_o that_o of_o socage_n upon_o the_o command_n of_o his_o lord_n though_o he_o profess_v himself_o to_o be_v his_o man._n nor_o do_v the_o tenant_n homage_n bind_v he_o against_o all_o man_n nor_o ad_fw-la semper_fw-la for_o in_o case_n he_o hold_v of_o two_o or_o divers_a lord_n by_o homage_n for_o several_a tenement_n 10._o and_o these_o two_o lord_n be_v in_o war_n one_o against_o the_o other_o the_o tenant_n must_v serve_v his_o chief_a lord_n of_o who_o the_o capital_a house_n be_v hold_v or_o that_o lord_n which_o be_v he_o by_o priority_n who_o may_v be_v call_v the_o chief_a lord_n because_o have_v first_o receive_v homage_n he_o receive_v it_o absolute_o from_o his_o tenant_n with_o a_o save_n of_o the_o tenant_n faith_n make_v to_o other_o lord_n and_o to_o the_o king_n who_o in_o order_n to_o the_o public_a have_v power_n to_o command_v a_o tenant_n into_o war_n against_o his_o own_o lord_n if_o therefore_o he_o be_v command_v by_o the_o king_n in_o such_o case_n unto_o war_n 1._o he_o need_v not_o question_v the_o point_n of_o forfeiture_n but_o if_o he_o be_v command_v by_o a_o chief_a of_o his_o other_o lord_n into_o war_n against_o a_o party_n in_o which_o another_o of_o his_o lord_n be_v engage_v his_o safe_a way_n be_v to_o enter_v upon_o the_o work_n because_o of_o his_o allegiance_n to_o that_o lord_n yet_o with_o a_o salvo_fw-la of_o his_o fealty_n to_o that_o other_o lord._n 4._o but_o in_o all_o ordinary_a case_n tenant_n and_o lord_n must_v have_v regard_n to_o their_o stipulation_n for_o otherwise_o if_o either_o break_n the_o other_o be_v discharge_v for_o ever_o and_o if_o the_o fault_n be_v in_o the_o tenant_n his_o tenement_n escheat_n to_o his_o lord_n and_o if_o the_o lord_n fail_v he_o lose_v his_o tenure_n and_o the_o tenant_n may_v thenceforth_o disclaim_v and_o hold_v over_o for_o ever_o nevertheless_o the_o lord_n have_v two_o privilege_n by_o common_a custom_n belong_v to_o their_o tenor_n which_o although_o not_o mention_v in_o the_o stipulation_n be_v yet_o more_o valuable_a than_o all_o the_o rest_n the_o one_o concern_v matter_n of_o profit_n the_o other_o of_o power_n that_o of_o profit_n consist_v in_o aid_n and_o relief_n the_o aid_n be_v of_o three_o kind_n 8._o one_o to_o make_v the_o lord_n elder_a son_n knight_n the_o other_o to_o marry_v his_o elder_a daughter_n the_o three_o to_o help_v he_o to_o pay_v a_o relief_n to_o his_o lord_n paramount_n which_o in_o my_o opinion_n sound_v as_o much_o as_o if_o the_o tenant_n be_v bind_v by_o their_o tenor_n to_o aid_v their_o lord_n in_o all_o case_n of_o extraordinary_a charge_n save_v that_o the_o lord_n can_v not_o distrain_v his_o tenant_n 8._o for_o aid_n to_o his_o war_n and_o this_o according_a to_o the_o lord_n discretion_n ibid._n for_o glanvil_n say_v that_o the_o law_n determine_v nothing_o concern_v the_o quantity_n or_o value_n of_o these_o aid_n these_o be_v the_o norman_a way_n and_o savour_v so_o much_o of_o lordship_n that_o within_o that_o age_n they_o be_v regulate_v but_o that_o of_o relief_n be_v a_o ancient_a sacrifice_n as_o of_o first-fruit_n of_o the_o tenement_n to_o the_o lord_n in_o memorial_n of_o the_o first_o lord_n favour_n in_o confer_v that_o tenement_n and_o it_o be_v first_o settle_v in_o the_o saxon_n time_n the_o lord_n privilege_n of_o power_n extend_v so_o far_o as_o to_o distrain_v his_o tenant_n into_o his_o own_o court_n to_o answer_v to_o himself_o in_o all_o cause_n that_o concern_v his_o
to_o the_o degree_n of_o law_n if_o the_o parliament_n like_v they_o nevertheless_o national_a synod_n in_o england_n undertake_v the_o quarrel_n of_o general_a council_n synod_n for_o archbishop_n peckham_n in_o a_o synod_n 1280._o enjoin_v the_o constitution_n make_v in_o the_o council_n at_o lion_n to_o be_v observe_v under_o a_o curse_n without_o consultation_n first_o have_v with_o the_o parliament_n or_o before_o he_o know_v whether_o they_o will_v be_v right_a or_o wrong_n and_o before_o he_o boniface_n make_v constitution_n in_o opposition_n to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o kingdom_n so_o as_o the_o matter_n be_v now_o come_v to_o a_o kind_n of_o contest_v whether_o synod_n or_o parliament_n shall_v hold_v supremacy_n in_o doubtful_a case_n concern_v the_o limit_n of_o the_o ecclesiastical_a and_o temporal_a power_n for_o henceforth_o king_n must_v bid_v adieu_o to_o the_o synod_n and_o sit_v no_o more_o among_o they_o and_o synod_n now_o think_v themselves_o free_a to_o consult_v and_o determine_v what_o they_o please_v without_o speak_v under_o correction_n nor_o be_v there_o other_o remedy_n leave_v to_o king_n but_o threat_n 17._o by_o writ_n direct_v to_o the_o bishop_n firmiter_fw-la inhibendo_fw-la quod_fw-la sicut_fw-la baronias_fw-la quas_fw-la de_fw-la rege_fw-la tenent_fw-la diligunt_fw-la nullo_n modo_fw-la praesumant_fw-la concilium_fw-la tenere_fw-la de_fw-la aliquibus_fw-la quae_fw-la ad_fw-la coronam_fw-la regis_fw-la attinent_fw-la vel_fw-la quae_fw-la ad_fw-la personam_fw-la regis_fw-la vel_fw-la statum_fw-la suum_fw-la vel_fw-la statum_fw-la concilii_fw-la svi_fw-la contingunt_fw-la quod_fw-la si_fw-la fecerint_fw-la rex_fw-la inde_fw-la se_fw-la capiat_fw-la ad_fw-la baronias_fw-la svas_fw-la and_o this_o prevail_v so_o effectual_o that_o the_o bishop_n dare_v not_o adventure_v too_o far_o lest_o they_o shall_v go_v beyond_o their_o guard_n and_o therefore_o they_o come_v and_o ask_v leave_n of_o the_o parliament_n in_o case_n that_o trench_v upon_o the_o law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n 9_o as_o they_o do_v in_o the_o case_n of_o bastardy_n wherein_o they_o will_v have_v have_v their_o consent_n that_o child_n bear_v before_o marriage_n may_v be_v make_v legitimate_a by_o the_o marriage_n subsequent_a and_o yet_o they_o can_v not_o prevail_v for_o they_o be_v answer_v nolumus_fw-la leges_fw-la angliae_fw-la mutari_fw-la notwithstanding_o that_o the_o canon-law_n and_o the_o law_n of_o the_o norman_n side_v with_o they_o and_o so_o they_o obtain_v not_o their_o desire_n although_o they_o still_o retain_v the_o trial_n of_o general_a bastardy_n unto_o themselves_o nevertheless_o the_o time_n be_v such_o as_o king_n be_v too_o weak_o assist_v by_o the_o people_n and_o the_o clergy_n strong_o second_v by_o the_o pope_n they_o take_v advantage_n of_o those_o time_n of_o distraction_n so_o as_o to_o hold_v themselves_o no_o far_o oblige_v to_o the_o king_n than_o the_o pope_n and_o their_o own_o covetousness_n will_v allow_v they_o and_o to_o make_v all_o sure_a they_o have_v settle_v it_o so_o far_o as_o they_o be_v able_a by_o a_o constitution_n that_o the_o clergy_n be_v not_o bind_v to_o aid_v the_o king_n papa_n inconsulto_fw-la brit._n and_o they_o put_v it_o in_o practice_n in_o a_o synod_n under_o archbishop_n winchelsie_n anno_fw-la 1295._o in_o the_o time_n of_o edward_n the_o first_o and_o although_o the_o king_n prevail_v in_o the_o conclusion_n at_o that_o time_n yet_o from_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o three_o the_o clergy_n for_o future_a time_n grant_v their_o aid_n to_o the_o king_n by_o themselves_o and_o apart_o from_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o body_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o hold_v themselves_o not_o bind_v by_o any_o aid_n grant_v by_o the_o parliament_n albeit_o that_o their_o own_o aid_n grant_v in_o their_o synod_n be_v not_o obligatory_a unto_o the_o body_n of_o the_o clergy_n in_o this_o kingdom_n unless_o first_o allow_v and_o confirm_v by_o the_o parliament_n and_o thus_o be_v england_n become_v like_o a_o two-bodied_n monster_n support_v with_o one_o pair_n of_o leg_n chap._n lxvii_o charta_fw-la of_o the_o condition_n of_o the_o freeman_n of_o england_n of_o the_o grand_a charter_n and_o other_o statute_n during_o the_o reign_n of_o these_o king_n shatter_v asunder_o by_o broil_n of_o civil_a war_n the_o freeman_n have_v lay_v aside_o that_o regard_n of_o the_o ancient_a mutual_a covenant_n and_o bond_n of_o decenner_n be_v now_o become_v weak_a and_o almost_o enthrall_v to_o the_o lust_n of_o king_n lord_n pope_n and_o english_a clergy_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v no_o wonder_n if_o tax_n and_o tribute_n be_v many_o and_o new_a although_o most_o of_o they_o deserve_v not_o to_o march_v under_o any_o banner_n but_o the_o colour_n of_o oppression_n nor_o do_v any_o thing_n save_o they_o from_o the_o worst_a tenure_n of_o all_o but_o the_o several_a interest_n of_o those_o superior_a power_n which_o oftentimes_o do_v justle_v with_o one_o another_o and_o thereby_o give_v the_o commons_o liberty_n to_o take_v breath_n so_o as_o though_o for_o the_o present_a they_o lose_v ground_n and_o hunt_v upon_o a_o cool_a scent_n yet_o they_o still_o retain_v the_o prey_n within_o their_o view_n sometime_o they_o be_v cast_v far_o behind_o other_o time_n they_o recover_v themselves_o a_o truce_n be_v cry_v and_o law_n be_v make_v to_o moderate_v all_o and_o determine_v the_o bound_n of_o every_o one_o and_o thus_o come_v the_o grand_a charter_n upon_o the_o public_a theatre_n the_o historian_n say_v it_o be_v the_o same_o with_o that_o of_o king_n john_n frame_v and_o yet_o by_o compare_v they_o together_o we_o find_v they_o disagree_v both_o in_o word_n and_o sense_n and_o therefore_o shall_v sum_v the_o same_o up_o as_o short_o as_o i_o can_v observe_v the_o difference_n of_o the_o two_o charter_n as_o i_o pass_v along_o the_o first_o chapter_n concern_v the_o church_n of_o which_o sufficient_a have_v be_v speak_v the_o freeman_n shall_v enjoy_v these_o liberty_n to_o they_o and_o their_o heir_n for_o ever_o 2._o the_o heir_n in_o knight-service_n shall_v pay_v the_o ancient_a relief_n â—_o that_o relief_n be_v settle_v by_o the_o saxon_n have_v be_v already_o show_v and_o also_o that_o they_o be_v continue_v and_o confirm_v by_o henry_n the_o first_o only_o in_o those_o time_n they_o be_v pay_v in_o horse_n arm_n etc._n etc._n but_o in_o aftertime_n all_o be_v turn_v into_o money_n which_o be_v more_o beneficial_a for_o all_o lord_n shall_v have_v their_o ward_n body_n and_o land_n after_o homage_n receive_v until_o the_o full_a age_n though_o the_o ward_n be_v former_o knight_v 1._o the_o law_n of_o wardship_n may_v seem_v more_o ancient_o seat_v in_o this_o kingdom_n than_o the_o norman_n time_n 4._o for_o if_o the_o statute_n of_o scotland_n bear_v any_o credit_n that_o law_n be_v in_o scotland_n before_o those_o time_n the_o lord_n be_v not_o to_o have_v the_o wardship_n before_o they_o be_v possess_v of_o the_o tenure_n because_o it_o be_v they_o as_o a_o fruit_n of_o the_o tenure_n according_a to_o the_o saxon_a law_n concern_v distress_n that_o it_o can_v not_o be_v in_o the_o power_n of_o the_o lord_n to_o distrain_v till_o he_o be_v possess_v of_o the_o service_n 7._o and_o if_o by_o fraudulent_a conveyance_n the_o heir_n do_v hold_v the_o lord_n out_o of_o possession_n a_o writ_n of_o ward_n do_v lie_v against_o he_o and_o if_o he_o do_v not_o appear_v the_o lord_n may_v seize_v the_o land_n unless_o in_o case_n of_o wardship_n per_fw-la cause_n de_fw-fr guard_n and_o in_o case_n the_o lord_n will_v hold_v the_o wardship_n long_o than_o the_o full_a age_n of_o the_o heir_n 3._o a_o assize_n do_v lie_v against_o the_o lord_n for_o the_o heir_n can_v not_o enter_v without_o livery_n but_o if_o the_o heir_n be_v of_o full_a age_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o ancestor_n death_n the_o lord_n can_v not_o enter_v the_o land_n and_o yet_o he_o shall_v have_v a_o relief_n and_o the_o primer_n seisin_n and_o if_o the_o heir_n enter_v the_o land_n before_o homage_n do_v he_o gain_v no_o free_a hold_n though_o he_o be_v knight_v before_o as_o this_o law_n provide_v for_o it_o may_v seem_v that_o these_o time_n of_o civil_a war_n 13._o bring_v forth_o a_o trick_n of_o knight_v betimes_o as_o a_o honourable_a encouragement_n for_o young_a spark_n to_o enter_v the_o field_n before_o they_o be_v complete_a man_n of_o discretion_n to_o know_v whether_o the_o cause_n of_o war_n be_v good_a or_o evil_n and_o yet_o reason_n may_v induce_v a_o conceit_n that_o he_o that_o be_v think_v meet_a to_o do_v knight-service_n in_o his_o own_o person_n may_v expect_v the_o maintenance_n fit_a for_o the_o ability_n of_o the_o person_n and_o honour_n of_o the_o service_n grantee_n or_o their_o assign_v or_o committee_n of_o wardship_n charta_fw-la shall_v preserve_v the_o land_n etc._n etc._n from_o waste_n and_o the_o tenant_n from_o extortion_n they_o shall_v yield_v up_o the_o same_o stock_v
6._o if_o they_o receive_v they_o stock_v the_o first_o of_o these_o be_v the_o law_n of_o common_a reason_n for_o it_o be_v contrary_a to_o guardianship_n to_o destroy_v that_o which_o by_o their_o office_n they_o ought_v to_o preserve_v as_o touch_v the_o word_n of_o the_o law_n the_o grantee_n be_v omit_v in_o the_o charter_n of_o king_n john_n and_o also_o their_o assignee_n albeit_o that_o doubtless_o they_o be_v within_o the_o intent_n and_o meaning_n of_o the_o law._n the_o matter_n declare_v plain_o not_o only_a the_o oppression_n of_o lord_n upon_o their_o ward_n but_o also_o the_o corruption_n even_o of_o the_o law_n itself_o that_o at_o the_o first_o aim_v at_o the_o good_a of_o the_o public_a and_o honour_n of_o knight-service_n but_o now_o be_v degenerate_v into_o the_o base_a desire_n of_o profit_n by_o make_v market_n of_o the_o ward_n estate_n and_o marriage_n that_o bring_v in_o strip_v and_o waste_v of_o estate_n and_o niggardly_a neglect_n of_o the_o education_n and_o train_n up_o of_o the_o person_n of_o the_o ward_n and_o a_o embase_v of_o the_o generation_n of_o mankind_n and_o spoil_v of_o time_n nor_o do_v these_o time_n ever_o espy_v or_o provide_v against_o the_o worst_a of_o these_o but_o only_o endeavour_v to_o save_v the_o estate_n by_o punish_v the_o waster_n in_o damage_n by_o this_o law_n 5._o and_o by_o forfeiture_n of_o the_o wardship_n by_o a_o law_n make_v in_o the_o time_n of_o edward_n the_o first_o and_o this_o as_o well_o for_o waste_v do_v during_o the_o time_n of_o the_o custody_n as_o in_o the_o life-time_n of_o his_o ancestor_n by_o another_o law_n in_o edward_n the_o first_o be_v time_o 1._o and_o because_o the_o escheator_n and_o their_o under-officer_n use_v to_o serve_v themselves_o out_o of_o the_o estate_n of_o minor_n before_o they_o certify_v to_o the_o king_n his_o right_n and_o those_o be_v not_o within_o the_o law_n of_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la 18._o or_o at_o least_o not_o so_o repute_v it_o be_v therefore_o afterward_o provide_v that_o these_o also_o shall_v render_v damage_n in_o a_o writ_n of_o waste_a to_o be_v bring_v against_o they_o the_o marriage_n of_o ward_n shall_v be_v without_o disparagement_n 7._o it_o be_v a_o ancient_a law_n among_o the_o german_n germ._n and_o the_o saxon_n bring_v it_o hither_o and_o as_o a_o law_n settle_v it_o that_o marriage_n must_v be_v among_o equal_n charta_fw-la but_o this_o the_o dane_n and_o norman_n slight_v and_o yet_o it_o continue_v and_o be_v revive_v now_o as_o the_o lord_n have_v the_o tuition_n of_o the_o ward_n instead_o of_o the_o ancestor_n so_o have_v he_o the_o care_n of_o the_o marriage_n in_o such_o manner_n as_o the_o ancestor_n may_v have_v have_v if_o he_o have_v live_v for_o in_o case_n the_o ward_n be_v steal_v and_o marry_v the_o delinquent_n suffer_v fine_a and_o imprisonment_n or_o if_o the_o ward_n marry_v without_o the_o lord_n consent_n he_o shall_v have_v the_o double_a value_n and_o hold_v the_o land_n over_o till_o satisfaction_n 6._o but_o in_o case_n the_o lord_n marry_v the_o ward_n within_o fourteen_o year_n of_o age_n to_o its_o disparagement_n he_o shall_v lose_v his_o wardship_n thereby_o 7._o and_o if_o the_o ward_n refuse_v to_o accept_v of_o a_o marriage_n tender_v by_o the_o lord_n before_o her_o age_n of_o sixteen_o year_n 22._o the_o lord_n shall_v hold_v the_o land_n till_o he_o have_v receive_v the_o full_a value_n and_o in_o case_n where_o one_o tenant_n hold_v of_o divers_a lord_n the_o lord_n by_o priority_n shall_v have_v the_o marriage_n these_o law_n be_v in_o use_n during_o the_o reign_n of_o those_o king_n 16._o although_o it_o can_v be_v certain_o conclude_v hereby_o that_o the_o wife_n portion_n proper_o belong_v to_o the_o lord_n as_o for_o his_o own_o benefit_n partly_o because_o the_o female-ward_n shall_v have_v no_o advancement_n if_o it_o belong_v to_o the_o lord_n and_o partly_o because_o this_o forfeiture_n be_v give_v to_o the_o lord_n in_o nature_n of_o a_o penalty_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o frame_n of_o the_o statute_n of_o merton_n widow_n shall_v have_v their_o dower_n 8._o inheritance_n their_o inheritance_n which_o they_o have_v joint_o with_o their_o husband_n 2._o their_o marriage_n free_o and_o their_o quarentine_n 4._o with_o due_a regard_n of_o the_o opinion_n of_o other_o i_o shall_v propound_v my_o own_o it_o seem_v to_o i_o that_o the_o king_n be_v within_o this_o law_n as_o well_o as_o within_o the_o former_a law_n of_o the_o norman_n and_o those_o of_o henry_n the_o second_o that_o be_v of_o this_o kind_n and_o as_o he_o be_v within_o the_o compass_n of_o every_o law_n of_o this_o charter_n and_o that_o it_o be_v call_v the_o grand_a charter_n as_o most_o immediate_o come_v from_o the_o king_n to_o the_o people_n and_o not_o from_o the_o lord_n nor_o be_v there_o any_o ground_n that_o the_o law_n shall_v intend_v to_o give_v liberty_n to_o widow_n of_o ward_n belong_v to_o inferior_a lord_n to_o marry_v who_o they_o will_v and_o that_o only_o the_o king_n widow_n shall_v be_v bind_v nor_o do_v this_o suit_n with_o the_o contest_v between_o the_o baron_n and_o the_o king_n that_o their_o widow_n shall_v be_v bind_v unto_o the_o king_n charta_fw-la and_o the_o widow_n of_o their_o tenant_n discharge_v from_o their_o tuition_n and_o therefore_o i_o conceive_v by_o the_o word_n maritagium_fw-la be_v not_o mean_v liberty_n of_o marriage_n but_o her_o marriage-portion_n or_o rationabilis_fw-la pars_fw-la according_a to_o the_o forego_n law_n of_o henry_n the_o first_o and_o henry_n the_o second_o and_o the_o saxon_a custom_n but_o as_o touch_v the_o liberty_n of_o marriage_n it_o be_v define_v and_o express_v 12._o that_o the_o widow_n shall_v not_o be_v compel_v to_o marry_v nevertheless_o if_o they_o shall_v marry_v they_o must_v marry_v with_o the_o lord_n like_n otherwise_o he_o may_v have_v a_o enemy_n to_o be_v his_o tenant_n that_o may_v instead_o of_o homage_n and_o service_n prove_v traitor_n and_o be_v his_o ruin_n last_o touch_v the_o widow_n dwelling_n the_o law_n think_v it_o unreasonable_a that_o she_o shall_v immediate_o after_o the_o death_n of_o her_o husband_n be_v expose_v to_o be_v harbourless_o and_o therefore_o ordain_v that_o she_o may_v continue_v in_o her_o husband_n house_n forty_o day_n if_o it_o be_v not_o a_o castle_n and_o then_o she_o be_v to_o have_v another_o dwelling_n assign_v to_o she_o because_o by_o common_a intendment_n she_o be_v not_o suppose_v to_o be_v a_o person_n meet_v to_o defend_v a_o castle_n and_o this_o be_v call_v her_o quarentine_n which_o i_o meet_v not_o with_o among_o the_o saxon_a law_n and_o therefore_o suppose_v it_o to_o be_v of_o norman_a original_a no_o man_n land_n shall_v be_v seize_v for_o debt_n to_o the_o king_n so_o long_o as_o the_o personal_a estate_n will_v satisfy_v 10._o nor_o shall_v his_o pledge_n be_v trouble_v so_o long_o as_o the_o principal_a be_v sufficient_a unless_o he_o refuse_v to_o satisfy_v and_o then_o the_o pledge_n shall_v recover_v in_o value_n the_o first_o part_n hereof_o be_v the_o issue_n of_o the_o law_n concern_v elegit_fw-la former_o observe_v in_o the_o saxon_a time_n for_o the_o regard_n of_o law_n principal_o extend_v unto_o the_o person_n next_o unto_o the_o freehold_n and_o last_o unto_o the_o good_n the_o latter_a part_n of_o this_o law_n be_v the_o law_n of_o pledge_n or_o decenner_n in_o the_o same_o time_n unto_o which_o the_o reader_n may_v resort_v for_o further_a light_n herein_o the_o city_n of_o london_n 11._o and_o other_o city_n burrough_n and_o town_n and_o the_o cinque-port_n and_o other_o port_n shall_v enjoy_v their_o ancient_a liberty_n the_o whole_a kingdom_n and_o the_o member_n thereof_o herein_o express_v have_v all_o their_o liberty_n save_v from_o the_o dint_n of_o conquest_n by_o the_o law_n of_o william_n the_o first_o char._n upon_o which_o although_o some_o of_o the_o succeed_a king_n do_v invade_v yet_o none_o of_o they_o make_v any_o absolute_a disseisin_n 192._o although_o disturbance_n in_o some_o particular_n but_o king_n john_n do_v not_o only_o confirm_v they_o by_o his_o grand_a charter_n but_o by_o particular_a charter_n to_o each_o corporation_n with_o some_o enlargement_n and_o in_o his_o grand_a charter_n insert_v one_o clause_n which_o in_o the_o grand_a charter_n of_o henry_n the_o three_o appear_v not_o which_o thus_o ensue_v et_fw-la ad_fw-la habendum_fw-la commune_v concilium_fw-la regni_fw-la de_fw-la auxiliis_fw-la assidendis_fw-la aliter_fw-la quam_fw-la in_o tribus_fw-la casibus_fw-la praedictis_fw-la which_o if_o the_o barbarism_n of_o the_o latin_a mislead_v i_o not_o be_v thus_o in_o english_a and_o to_o have_v right_a of_o common-council_n or_o to_o be_v of_o the_o common-council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n for_o the_o assess_n of_o aid_n other_o than_o in_o three_o case_n aforesaid_a viz._n for_o
the_o church_n save_v to_o every_o one_o their_o proper_a debt_n and_o thus_o since_o the_o conquest_n the_o churchman_n encroach_v by_o degree_n unto_o a_o great_a power_n in_o matter_n testamentary_a i_o say_v by_o degree_n for_o as_o yet_o by_o this_o law_n it_o appear_v that_o they_o be_v but_o overseer_n or_o eye-witness_n for_o as_o yet_o right_a of_o order_v or_o dispose_v they_o have_v none_o as_o may_v appear_v in_o that_o case_n of_o a_o bastard_n die_v without_o issue_n and_o intestate_a 16._o the_o lord_n shall_v have_v his_o personal_a estate_n and_o in_o all_o case_n the_o executor_n have_v then_o nothing_o but_o bare_a asset_n and_o the_o overplus_n be_v assign_v between_o the_o wife_n and_o child_n according_a to_o their_o reasonable_a part_n or_o if_o the_o party_n die_v intestate_a the_o next_o friend_n do_v administer_v pay_v the_o debt_n and_o make_v dividend_n of_o the_o overplus_n into_o the_o reasonable_a part_n according_a to_o the_o ancient_a saxon_a custom_n still_o continue_v 33._o nor_o do_v the_o testimony_n cite_v out_o of_o bracton_n prove_v any_o other_o than_o that_o the_o ancestor_n have_v free_a power_n to_o order_v his_o estate_n as_o he_o please_v and_o that_o the_o child_n shall_v have_v no_o more_o than_o be_v leave_v unto_o they_o by_o their_o ancestor_n either_o in_o his_o will_n or_o in_o case_n of_o die_v intestate_a by_o the_o custom_n or_o law_n which_o be_v and_o ever_o be_v the_o rationabilis_fw-la pars_fw-la no_o purveyance_n for_o any_o castle_n out_o of_o the_o same_o town_n where_o the_o castle_n be_v 21._o but_o present_a satisfaction_n must_v be_v make_v and_o if_o in_o the_o same_o town_n satisfaction_n must_v be_v make_v within_o forty_o day_n purveyance_n be_v ancient_a provision_n for_o the_o necessity_n of_o the_o public_a and_o so_o far_o be_v commendable_a see_v it_o be_v not_o the_o common_a case_n of_o all_o man_n to_o regard_v the_o public_a above_o their_o own_o private_a interest_n therefore_o the_o public_a must_v provide_v for_o itself_o by_o their_o mean_n in_o who_o the_o public_a be_v most_o concern_v and_o this_o be_v in_o those_o elder_a time_n but_o in_o two_o case_n viz._n of_o king_n and_o castle_n in_o the_o one_o of_o which_o the_o government_n be_v principal_o concern_v in_o the_o other_o the_o public_a defence_n for_o it_o may_v be_v well_o conjecture_v that_o castle_n be_v either_o first_o make_v in_o place_n commodious_a for_o habitation_n and_o great_a town_n gather_v to_o they_o for_o their_o better_a safety_n or_o that_o the_o town_n be_v first_o gather_v in_o place_n of_o commodious_a habitation_n and_o then_o castle_n be_v make_v for_o their_o better_a defence_n or_o if_o they_o be_v impose_v upon_o they_o by_o the_o victor_n to_o keep_v they_o in_o awe_n they_o be_v nevertheless_o by_o continuance_n together_o become_v tractable_a and_o conspire_v for_o the_o mutual_a defence_n of_o each_o other_o but_o as_o touch_v such_o citadel_n or_o castle_n that_o be_v set_v in_o solitary_a place_n they_o may_v seem_v rather_o first_o intend_v for_o the_o particular_a defence_n of_o some_o particular_a man_n and_o his_o family_n and_o neighbour_a tenant_n and_o therefore_o in_o the_o purveyance_n for_o castle_n it_o seem_v the_o proper_a town_n wherein_o it_o be_v principal_o liable_a to_o that_o duty_n because_o their_o safety_n be_v more_o principal_o interest_v and_o therefore_o prize_v there_o take_v may_v be_v pay_v at_o a_o day_n to_o come_v but_o in_o all_o other_o place_n immediate_o nevertheless_o this_o last_v not_o long_o for_o the_o soldier_n find_v out_o a_o trick_n of_o favour_v their_o own_o quarter_n and_o preserve_v they_o in_o heart_n against_o a_o back_n winter_n know_v that_o at_o such_o time_n it_o be_v better_a to_o seek_v for_o provision_n nigh_o than_o to_o be_v compel_v to_o seek_v far_o off_o but_o this_o stratagem_n be_v cut_v off_o by_o the_o next_o king_n who_o inhibit_v all_o manner_n of_o purveyance_n in_o any_o other_o town_n 7._o than_o in_o the_o same_o town_n wherein_o the_o castle_n be_v seat_v this_o be_v a_o charge_n that_o be_v but_o temporary_a and_o occasional_a that_o which_o be_v more_o last_a and_o burdensome_a upon_o the_o subject_n be_v purveyance_n for_o the_o king_n which_o nevertheless_o can_v be_v avoid_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o greatness_n of_o his_o retinue_n especial_o in_o those_o day_n and_o if_o they_o shall_v have_v their_o resort_n to_o the_o market_n the_o same_o can_v not_o be_v free_a to_o the_o people_n for_o that_o the_o first_o service_n must_v be_v for_o the_o king_n household_n and_o so_o what_o scrap_n will_v be_v leave_v for_o the_o commons_o 2._o no_o man_n can_v tell_v it_o be_v therefore_o necessary_a for_o the_o king_n family_n to_o be_v maintain_v by_o purveyance_n and_o to_o avoid_v the_o many_o inconvenience_n which_o may_v and_o do_v arise_v in_o those_o spoil_v time_n it_o be_v ordain_v 1._o that_o it_o shall_v be_v felony_n for_o any_o purveyor_n to_o purvey_v without_o warrant_n 2._o that_o none_o but_o the_o king_n purveyor_n must_v purvey_v for_o the_o king_n house_n and_o that_o he_o must_v purvey_v only_o for_o the_o king_n house_n and_o to_o purvey_v no_o more_o than_o be_v necessary_a and_o to_o pay_v for_o the_o thing_n they_o take_v and_o because_o king_n be_v oftentimes_o necessitate_v for_o removal_n from_o place_n to_o place_n purveyance_n of_o carriage_n be_v also_o allow_v 32._o and_o in_o case_n the_o subject_n be_v grieve_v either_o by_o more_o purveyance_n than_o be_v necessary_a or_o by_o nonpayment_n for_o the_o commodity_n so_o take_v or_o with_o composition_n for_o the_o king_n debt_n for_o such_o purveyance_n the_o offender_n be_v liable_a to_o fine_a and_o imprisonment_n 2._o or_o if_o they_o be_v grieve_v by_o purveyor_n without_o warrant_n the_o offender_n be_v to_o be_v proceed_v against_o as_o in_o case_n of_o felony_n he_o that_o serve_v in_o castleguard_n 22._o be_v not_o liable_a to_o payment_n of_o rent_n for_o that_o service_n nor_o be_v be_v compellable_n to_o either_o so_o long_o as_o be_v be_v in_o the_o service_n in_o the_o army_n by_o the_o ancient_a custom_n none_o but_o a_o knight_n may_v be_v charge_v with_o the_o guard_n of_o a_o castle_n belong_v to_o the_o king_n for_o the_o letter_n of_o this_o law_n mention_v only_o such_o and_o therefore_o to_o hold_v by_o castleguard_n be_v a_o tenure_n in_o knight-service_n and_o it_o seem_v that_o rent_n for_o castleguard_n original_o be_v consistent_a with_o knight-service_n and_o that_o it_o be_v not_o annual_a but_o promiscuous_o knight_n may_v either_o perform_v the_o service_n or_o pay_v rend_v in_o lieu_n thereof_o and_o upon_o occasion_n do_v neither_o if_o the_o king_n send_v they_o into_o the_o field_n and_o last_o that_o a_o knight_n may_v either_o do_v the_o service_n in_o his_o own_o person_n or_o by_o his_o esquire_n or_o another_o appoint_v by_o he_o thereto_o no_o knight_n nor_o lord_n nor_o churchmen_n carriage_n nor_o no_o man_n wood_n shall_v be_v take_v against_o the_o owner_n consent_n nor_o shall_v any_o man_n carriage_n be_v take_v 23._o if_o he_o will_v pay_v the_o hire_n limit_v by_o the_o law._n churchman_n be_v exempt_v from_o charge_n to_o the_o king_n carriage_n mere_o in_o favour_n to_o the_o canon_n which_o exempt_v the_o good_n of_o the_o clergy_n from_o such_o lay-service_n nevertheless_o the_o complaint_n of_o the_o clergy_n former_o mention_v show_v that_o this_o be_v not_o due_o observe_v knight_n and_o lord_n be_v discharge_v not_o only_o for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o their_o port_n but_o more_o principal_o because_o they_o be_v public_a servant_n for_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o kingdom_n in_o time_n of_o war_n and_o the_o kingdom_n be_v then_o equal_o serve_v by_o themselves_o and_o their_o equipage_n and_o their_o carriage_n as_o a_o necessary_a assistant_n thereunto_o the_o king_n shall_v have_v no_o more_o profit_n of_o felon_n land_n than_o the_o year_n and_o a_o day_n 24._o and_o the_o lord_n be_v to_o have_v the_o remainder_n ancient_o the_o lord_n have_v all_o the_o estate_n of_o felon_n be_v their_o tenant_n and_o the_o king_n have_v only_o a_o prerogative_n to_o waste_v they_o 2._o as_o a_o penalty_n or_o part_v thereof_o but_o afterward_o the_o lord_n by_o agreement_n yield_v unto_o the_o king_n the_o year_n and_o a_o day_n profit_n to_o save_v the_o land_n from_o spoil_n and_o in_o continuance_n of_o time_n the_o king_n have_v both_o the_o year_n and_o day_n and_o waste_v 137._o fugitive_n also_o be_v in_o the_o same_o case_n viz._n 16._o such_o as_o desert_v their_o country_n either_o in_o time_n of_o need_n or_o such_o as_o flee_v from_o the_o trial_n of_o law_n in_o criminal_a case_n for_o in_o both_o case_n the_o saxon_n account_v they_o as_o common_a felon_n nevertheless_o the_o two_o custom_n of_o gloucester_n
espy_v the_o danger_n and_o how_o necessary_a it_o be_v for_o the_o people_n to_o be_v well_o arm_v in_o these_o time_n of_o general_a broil_n and_o upon_o that_o ground_n allow_v this_o law_n to_o pass_v that_o all_o such_o as_o have_v land_n worth_a 20_o l._n yearly_a beside_o reprizal_n shall_v be_v ready_a not_o to_o be_v knight_n nor_o under_o the_o favour_n of_o other_o be_v there_o any_o ancient_a precedent_n to_o warrant_v it_o but_o to_o find_v or_o to_o enter_v into_o the_o field_n with_o the_o arm_n of_o a_o knight_n or_o to_o provide_v some_o able_a person_n to_o serve_v in_o their_o stead_n unless_o they_o be_v under_o 21_o year_n of_o age_n and_o so_o not_o grow_v up_o to_o full_a strength_n of_o body_n nor_o their_o land_n in_o their_o own_o possession_n but_o in_o custody_n of_o their_o lord_n or_o guardian_n nevertheless_o of_o such_o as_o be_v grow_v to_o full_a age_n yet_o be_v maim_v impotent_a or_o of_o mean_a estate_n and_o tenant_n by_o service_n of_o a_o knight_n it_o be_v have_v into_o a_o way_n of_o moderation_n and_o order_v that_o such_o shall_v pay_v a_o reasonable_a fine_a for_o respite_n of_o such_o service_n nor_o further_o as_o concern_v 〈◊〉_d person_n be_v they_o bind_v but_o as_o touch_v such_o that_o be_v under_o present_a only_o and_o not_o perpetual_a disability_n of_o body_n upon_o they_o incumbent_n as_o often_o as_o occasion_v call_v they_o serve_v by_o their_o deputy_n or_o servant_n all_o which_o be_v ground_v not_o only_o upon_o the_o law_n of_o henry_n the_o second_o but_o also_o upon_o common_a right_n of_o tenure_n the_o arm_n that_o these_o man_n be_v to_o find_v be_v say_v to_o be_v those_o belong_v to_o a_o knight_n which_o be_v partly_o for_o defence_n and_o partly_o for_o offence_n of_o the_o first_o sort_n be_v the_o shield_n the_o helmet_n the_o hauberk_n or_o breastplate_n or_o coat_n of_o mail_n of_o the_o second_o sort_n be_v the_o sword_n and_o lance_n and_o unto_o all_o a_o horse_n must_v be_v provide_v these_o arm_n especial_o the_o defensive_a have_v be_v former_o under_o alteration_n for_o the_o breastplate_n can_v not_o be_v wear_v with_o the_o coat_n of_o mail_n and_o therefore_o must_v be_v use_v as_o occasion_n be_v provide_v of_o either_o and_o for_o this_o cause_n the_o service_n of_o a_o knight_n be_v call_v by_o several_a name_n sometime_o from_o the_o horse_n sometime_o from_o the_o lance_n sometime_o from_o the_o helmet_n and_o not_o seldom_o from_o the_o coat_n of_o mail._n the_o power_n of_o immediate_a command_n or_o call_v forth_o the_o knight_n to_o their_o service_n in_o its_o own_o nature_n be_v but_o ministerial_a and_o subservient_fw-fr to_o that_o power_n that_o order_a war_n to_o be_v levy_v and_o therefore_o as_o in_o the_o first_o saxon_n government_n under_o their_o prince_n in_o germany_n so_o after_o tacitus_n under_o their_o king_n war_n be_v never_o resolve_v upon_o but_o if_o it_o be_v defensive_a it_o be_v by_o the_o council_n of_o lord_n if_o offensive_a by_o the_o general_a vote_n of_o the_o grand_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n so_o by_o virtue_n of_o such_o order_n either_o from_o the_o council_n of_o lord_n or_o grand_a council_n the_o knight_n be_v call_v forth_o to_o war_n and_o other_o as_o the_o case_n require_v summon_v to_o a_o rendezvous_n and_o this_o instrumental_a power_n regular_o rest_v in_o the_o lord_n to_o who_o such_o service_n be_v due_a and_o the_o lord_n be_v summon_v by_o the_o lord_n paramount_n as_o chief_a of_o the_o fee_n of_o which_o their_o tenant_n be_v hold_v and_o not_o as_o king_n or_o chief_a captain_n in_o the_o field_n for_o they_o be_v not_o raise_v by_o proclamation_n but_o by_o summons_n 〈◊〉_d forth_o to_o the_o sheriff_n with_o distress_n and_o this_o only_a against_o such_o as_o be_v within_o his_o own_o fee_n and_o hold_v of_o the_o crown_n the_o king_n therefore_o may_v have_v many_o knight_n at_o his_o command_n but_o the_o lord_n more_o and_o if_o those_o lord_n fail_v in_o their_o due_a correspondency_n with_o the_o king_n all_o those_o of_o the_o inferior_a orb_n be_v carry_v away_o after_o they_o so_o the_o king_n be_v leave_v to_o shift_v for_o himself_o as_o well_o as_o he_o can_v and_o this_o may_v be_v occasion_v not_o only_o from_o their_o tenor_n by_o which_o they_o stand_v oblige_v to_o the_o inferior_a lord_n but_o probable_o much_o more_o by_o their_o popularity_n which_o be_v more_o prevalent_a by_o how_o much_o king_n look_v upon_o the_o commons_o at_o a_o further_a distance_n in_o those_o day_n than_o in_o aftertime_n when_o the_o commons_o interpose_v intentive_o in_o the_o public_a government_n and_o thus_o the_o horseman_n of_o england_n become_v less_o constant_a in_o adhere_v to_o their_o sovereign_n in_o the_o field_n occasion_v king_n to_o betake_v themselves_o to_o their_o foot_n and_o to_o form_v the_o strength_n of_o their_o battle_n whole_o in_o they_o and_o themselves_o on_o foot_n to_o engage_v with_o they_o one_o point_n of_o liberty_n these_o soldier_n by_o tenure_n have_v which_o make_v their_o service_n not_o altogether_o servile_a and_o that_o be_v that_o their_o service_n in_o the_o field_n be_v neither_o indefinite_a nor_o infinite_a but_o circumscribe_v by_o place_n time_n and_o end_n the_o time_n of_o their_o service_n for_o the_o continuance_n of_o it_o be_v for_o a_o set_a time_n if_o it_o be_v at_o their_o own_o charge_n and_o although_o some_o have_v a_o short_a time_n yet_o the_o general_a sort_n be_v restained_a to_o forty_o day_n for_o the_o courage_n of_o those_o time_n consist_v not_o in_o weary_v and_o waste_v the_o soldier_n in_o the_o field_n by_o delay_n and_o long_o work_v in_o wheel_v about_o and_o retire_v but_o in_o play_v their_o prize_n like_o two_o combatant_n of_o resolution_n to_o get_v victory_n by_o valour_n or_o to_o die_v if_o upon_o extraordinary_a occasion_n the_o war_n continue_v long_o than_o the_o tenant_n serve_v upon_o the_o pay_n of_o the_o common_a purse_n the_o end_n of_o the_o service_n of_o the_o tenant_n viz._n their_o lord_n defence_n in_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o kingdom_n stint_v their_o work_n within_o certain_a bound_n of_o place_n beyond_o which_o they_o be_v not_o to_o be_v draw_v unless_o of_o their_o own_o accord_n and_o these_o be_v the_o border_n of_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n which_o in_o those_o day_n extend_v into_o scotland_n on_o the_o north_n and_o into_o a_o great_a part_n of_o france_n on_o the_o south_n and_o therefore_o the_o earl-marshal_n of_o england_n be_v by_o edward_n the_o first_o command_v by_o virtue_n of_o his_o tenure_n to_o attend_v in_o person_n upon_o the_o standart_n under_o his_o lieutenant_n that_o then_o be_v to_o be_v send_v into_o flanders_n which_o be_v no_o part_n of_o the_o dominion_n of_o england_n refuse_v and_o notwithstanding_o the_o king_n threat_n to_o hang_v he_o yet_o he_o persist_v say_v he_o will_v neither_o go_v nor_o hang._n not_o only_o because_o the_o tenant_n by_o knight-service_n be_v bind_v to_o the_o defence_n of_o their_o lord_n person_n and_o not_o of_o their_o lieutenant_n but_o principal_o because_o they_o be_v to_o serve_v for_o the_o safety_n and_o defence_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o therefore_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v draw_v into_o foreign_a country_n nor_o do_v the_o earl-marshal_n only_o this_o but_o many_o other_o also_o both_o knight_n and_o knight_n fellow_n have_v twenty_o pound_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la for_o all_o these_o with_o their_o arm_n be_v summon_v to_o serve_v under_o the_o king_n pay_n in_o flanders_n 71._o i_o say_v multitude_n of_o they_o refuse_v to_o serve_v and_o afterward_o join_v with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o commons_o in_o a_o petition_n to_o the_o king_n and_o complain_v of_o that_o summon_v as_o of_o a_o common_a grievance_n because_o that_o neither_o they_o nor_o their_o ancestor_n be_v bind_v to_o serve_v the_o king_n in_o that_o country_n and_o they_o obtain_v the_o king_n discharge_n under_o his_o broad_a seal_n according_o the_o like_a whereunto_o may_v be_v warrant_v out_o of_o the_o very_a word_n of_o the_o statute_n of_o mortmain_n which_o be_v make_v within_o the_o compass_n of_o these_o time_n 1._o by_o which_o it_o be_v provide_v that_o in_o case_n land_n be_v alien_v contrary_a to_o that_o statute_n and_o the_o immediate_a lord_n do_v not_o seize_v the_o same_o 〈◊〉_d king_n shall_v seize_v they_o and_o dispose_v they_o for_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o kingdom_n viz._n upon_o such_o service_n reserve_v as_o shall_v suit_v therewith_o as_o if_o all_o the_o service_n of_o a_o knight_n must_v conduce_v thereto_o and_o that_o he_o be_v no_o further_o bind_v to_o any_o service_n of_o his_o lord_n than_o will_v consist_v with_o the_o safety_n of_o the_o kingdom_n this_o be_v the_o doctrine_n that_o the_o
way_n be_v different_a from_o the_o common_a road_n both_o in_o its_o original_n and_o in_o the_o course_n of_o proceed_n nor_o can_v it_o otherwise_o be_v consider_v the_o condition_n of_o the_o nation_n and_o the_o people_n of_o the_o same_o interest_v in_o common_a traffic_n the_o people_n thus_o interest_v as_o much_o differ_v from_o the_o other_o sort_n of_o dry_a man_n if_o they_o may_v be_v so_o call_v as_o sea_n from_o land_n and_o be_v in_o nature_n but_o as_o marchman_n of_o several_a nation_n that_o must_v concentre_v in_o some_o three_o way_n for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o commerce_n for_o peace-sake_n and_o to_o the_o end_n that_o no_o nation_n may_v be_v under_o any_o other_o law_n than_o its_o own_o the_o condition_n of_o the_o nation_n in_o the_o time_n when_o civilise_a government_n begin_v to_o settle_v among_o they_o be_v to_o be_v under_o the_o roman_a emperor_n who_o have_v settle_v one_o law_n in_o the_o general_a ground_n throughout_o all_o nation_n make_v the_o sea_n likewise_o to_o serve_v under_o one_o rule_n which_o shall_v float_v up_o and_o down_o with_o it_o that_o man_n may_v know_v upon_o what_o term_n they_o hold_v their_o own_o wheresoever_o they_o go_v and_o upon_o what_o term_n to_o part_n with_o it_o for_o their_o best_a advantage_n in_o its_o original_n therefore_o this_o law_n may_v be_v call_v imperial_a and_o likewise_o in_o the_o process_n because_o it_o be_v direct_v in_o one_o way_n of_o trial_n and_o by_o one_o law_n which_o have_v its_o first_o birth_n from_o the_o imperial_a power_n and_o probable_o it_o have_v not_o be_v for_o the_o common_a benefit_n of_o europe_n to_o have_v be_v otherwise_o at_o other_o time_n or_o by_o other_o directory_n form_v nevertheless_o this_o become_v no_o gem_n of_o prerogative_n to_o the_o english_a crown_n for_o if_o england_n do_v comply_v with_o foreign_a native_n for_o its_o own_o benefit_n it_o be_v a_o island_n full_a of_o the_o sea_n and_o in_o the_o common_a road_n from_o the_o most_o part_n of_o europe_n that_o border_n upon_o the_o sea_n and_o of_o delight_n in_o merchandise_n it_o be_v but_o suitable_a to_o its_o self_n and_o it_o do_v so_o comply_v as_o it_o save_v the_o main_a stake_n by_o voluntary_a entertain_v those_o law_n without_o be_v impose_v upon_o by_o imperial_a power_n for_o the_o saxon_n come_v into_o this_o kingdom_n a_o free_a people_n and_o so_o for_o aught_o yet_o appear_v to_o i_o continue_v to_o this_o day_n i_o say_v that_o in_o those_o first_o time_n they_o do_v take_v into_o the_o consideration_n of_o parliament_n the_o regulate_v of_o the_o fluctuate_a motion_n of_o sea-law_n nor_o be_v they_o then_o or_o after_o proper_o impose_v by_o the_o king_n edict_n for_o though_o it_o be_v grant_v that_o richard_n the_o first_o reduce_v the_o sea-law_n in_o the_o isle_n of_o oleron_n yet_o that_o the_o same_o shall_v be_v do_v without_o advice_n of_o parliament_n in_o his_o return_n from_o the_o holy_a land_n be_v to_o i_o a_o riddle_n consider_v what_o history_n do_v hold_v forth_o concern_v his_o return_n through_o germany_n nor_o can_v that_o be_v good_a evidence_n to_o entitle_v king_n of_o england_n to_o a_o power_n to_o make_v and_o alter_v law_n according_a to_o their_o private_a pleasure_n and_o interest_n nor_o do_v that_o record_n mention_v in_o the_o institutes_n 144._o warrant_v any_o such_o matter_n but_o rather_o on_o the_o contrary_n ground_v the_o complaint_n upon_o law_n statute_n franchise_n and_o custom_n establish_v and_o that_o this_o establishment_n be_v by_o the_o king_n and_o the_o council_n this_o law_n be_v of_o a_o double_a nature_n according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n one_o part_n concern_v the_o plea_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o the_o other_o between_o party_n and_o party_n for_o proper_o the_o king_n authority_n in_o the_o admiralty_n be_v but_o a_o authority_n of_o judicature_n according_a to_o law_n establish_v which_o both_o for_o process_n and_o sentence_n be_v different_a from_o the_o common-law_n as_o much_o as_o the_o two_o element_n do_v differ_v yet_o not_o different_a in_o the_o power_n that_o make_v they_o i_o shall_v leave_v the_o particular_n to_o be_v inquire_v into_o by_o they_o that_o shall_v mind_v it_o elsewhere_o and_o only_o touch_v so_o much_o as_o shall_v reflect_v upon_o the_o main_a government_n this_o power_n be_v execute_v by_o deputy_n diverse_o according_a as_o the_o time_n and_o opportunity_n be_v for_o war_n or_o peace_n and_o either_o transitu_fw-la or_o portu_fw-la what_o be_v do_v in_o time_n of_o war_n or_o whilst_o the_o ship_n be_v out_o of_o the_o english_a sea_n come_v not_o to_o our_o purpose_n and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v not_o meddle_v with_o that_o further_o than_o this_o that_o in_o the_o first_o time_n king_n be_v wont_a to_o divide_v the_o work_n of_o judicature_n and_o of_o war_n into_o several_a hand_n the_o power_n of_o war_n and_o peace_n they_o commit_v unto_o man_n of_o approve_a courage_n and_o skill_n in_o that_o service_n and_o therefore_o general_o not_o to_o the_o man_n of_o high_a rank_n who_o have_v neither_o mind_n nor_o skill_n for_o a_o work_n of_o such_o labour_n diet_n and_o danger_n this_o power_n pass_v under_o divers_a name_n sometime_o by_o grant_n of_o the_o custody_n of_o the_o seacoast_n sometime_o of_o the_o part_n and_o sea_n coast_n sometime_o by_o be_v make_v captain_n of_o the_o seaman_n and_o mariner_n and_o sometime_o admiral_n of_o the_o ship_n it_o be_v a_o great_a power_n and_o have_v be_v much_o great_a but_o that_o it_o suffer_v a_o double_a diminution_n the_o one_o in_o the_o time_n for_o three_o or_o four_o year_n common_o make_v a_o end_n of_o the_o command_n of_o one_o man_n and_o at_o the_o best_a it_o be_v 16._o quam_fw-la diu_fw-la regi_fw-la placuerit_fw-la the_o other_o diminution_n be_v in_o circuit_n of_o the_o power_n for_o all_o the_o maritine_n coast_n be_v not_o ordinary_o under_o the_o power_n of_o one_o man_n but_o of_o many_o each_o have_v his_o proper_a precinct_n upon_o the_o south_n or_o north_n east_n or_o western_a shore_n and_o under_o the_o title_n of_o admiral_n in_o the_o time_n of_o edward_n the_o first_o and_o forward_o who_o bring_v that_o title_n from_o the_o holy_a land_n nevertheless_o about_o the_o end_n of_o the_o time_n whereof_o we_o now_o treat_v the_o custody_n of_o the_o whole_a sea_n begin_v to_o settle_v in_o one_o hand_n under_o the_o title_n of_o admiral_n of_o the_o english_a sea_n and_o the_o place_n be_v confer_v upon_o man_n of_o the_o great_a rank_n and_o so_o continue_v ever_o afterward_o the_o power_n of_o jurisdiction_n or_o judicature_n all_o this_o while_n remain_v distinct_a and_o it_o seem_v be_v settle_v in_o part_n in_o the_o power_n of_o the_o sheriff_n and_o justice_n for_o by_o the_o law_n the_o sheriff_n and_o justice_n have_v cognizance_n of_o matter_n between_o the_o high_a water_n and_o the_o low_a water_n mark_n and_o what_o be_v do_v super_fw-la altum_fw-la mare_fw-la be_v within_o the_o directory_n of_o the_o admiral_n these_o be_v but_o few_o thing_n and_o of_o small_a consideration_n the_o principal_a of_o they_o being_n concern_v war_n or_o peace_n and_o those_o only_o within_o the_o english_a sea_n but_o after_o edward_n the_o three_o have_v beat_v both_o the_o french_a and_o spaniard_n at_o sea_n the_o people_n grow_v much_o more_o towards_o the_o sea_n and_o become_v so_o famous_a that_o the_o great_a lord_n think_v the_o regiment_n of_o sea-affair_n worthy_a of_o the_o best_a of_o their_o rank_n and_o be_v please_v with_o the_o title_n of_o admiral_n whilst_o they_o leave_v the_o work_n to_o other_o and_o so_o the_o admiral_n become_v a_o person_n of_o more_o honour_n and_o less_o work_n than_o he_o have_v be_v former_o the_o greatness_n of_o the_o honour_n of_o this_o place_n thus_o grow_v soon_o also_o begin_v to_o contract_v greatness_n of_o power_n beyond_o what_o it_o have_v former_o and_o this_o be_v principal_o in_o matter_n of_o jurisdiction_n for_o not_o content_v with_o the_o power_n of_o a_o chief_a justice_n of_o war_n and_o peace_n within_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v his_o proper_a dominion_n the_o lord_n admiral_n gain_v the_o same_o within_o the_o low_a water_n mark_v 199._o and_o in_o the_o main_a stream_n below_o the_o next_o bridge_n to_o the_o sea_n and_o in_o all_o place_n where_o ridel_n be_v set_v and_o yet_o these_o place_n be_v within_o the_o body_n of_o the_o county_n nor_o do_v he_o endeavour_v less_o to_o gain_v in_o matter_n of_o distributive_a justice_n for_o although_o he_o have_v a_o legal_a jurisdiction_n in_o thing_n do_v upon_o the_o sea_n so_o far_o as_o to_o defend_v order_n determine_v and_o cause_n restitution_n to_o be_v make_v in_o case_n of_o damage_n do_v unjust_o yet_o be_v it_o no_o less_o difficult_a to_o keep_v
any_o man_n he_o must_v go_v whither_o the_o king_n shall_v please_v to_o send_v he_o which_o be_v not_o only_o destructive_a to_o the_o opinion_n of_o thirn_a concern_v the_o plea_n but_o also_o though_o grant_v be_v destructive_a to_o the_o reporter_n judgement_n in_o the_o main_a point_n for_o if_o a_o english_a man_n may_v refuse_v to_o go_v without_o wage_n then_o be_v he_o not_o bind_v to_o go_v by_o any_o natural_a absolute_a legiance_n as_o the_o reporter_n will_v have_v it_o and_o as_o touch_v the_o second_o case_n which_o be_v bigot_n and_o bohun_n case_n it_o clear_v the_o same_o thing_n for_o it_o be_v resolve_v that_o they_o ought_v to_o go_v but_o in_o manner_n and_o form_n according_a to_o the_o statute_n then_o be_v not_o the_o ground_n in_o the_o absolute_a legiance_n for_o that_o be_v not_o qualify_v but_o in_o the_o positive_a statute-law_n which_o tie_v only_o in_o manner_n and_o form_n and_o that_o by_o voluntary_a consent_n in_o parliament_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o case_n do_v neither_o conclude_v the_o main_a point_n nor_o the_o particular_a thing_n that_o the_o reporter_n intend_v for_o he_o will_v imply_v to_o the_o reader_n that_o english_a man_n be_v ancient_o use_v to_o be_v impre_v for_o the_o war_n in_o france_n and_o hereunto_o he_o vouch_v one_o authority_n out_o of_o ancient_a report_n of_o law_n in_o edward_n the_o three_o time_n 12._o one_o authority_n in_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o four_o protect_v and_o three_o in_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o six_o none_o of_o all_o which_o do_v speak_v one_o word_n concern_v impresting_a and_o that_o in_o edward_n the_o three_o do_v imply_v the_o contrary_a 35._o for_o the_o case_n be_v that_o in_o a_o praecipe_fw-la quod_fw-la reddat_fw-la a_o protection_n be_v offer_v by_o the_o defendant_n as_o appoint_v to_o go_v beyond_o the_o sea_n with_o the_o duke_n of_o lancaster_n and_o the_o plaintiff_n counsel_v allege_v that_o the_o defendant_n have_v be_v beyond_o sea_n with_o the_o duke_n and_o be_v return_v to_o this_o the_o defendant_n counset_n answer_v that_o the_o duke_n be_v ready_a to_o return_v again_o and_o for_o this_o cause_n the_o protection_n be_v not_o allow_v yet_o a_o quere_z be_v make_v upon_o this_o ground_n that_o it_o may_v be_v that_o the_o defendant_n will_v not_o go_v over_o with_o he_o nor_o be_v it_o prove_v that_o he_o will_v which_o show_v plain_o the_o party_n be_v not_o impre_v for_o then_o the_o thing_n have_v not_o be_v in_o his_o power_n to_o will_n or_o will_v the_o last_o instance_n that_o the_o reporter_n produce_v be_v that_o of_o forinsecum_fw-la servitium_n or_o foreign_a service_n and_o that_o seem_v to_o be_v knight-service_n to_o be_v perform_v abroad_o but_o this_o fall_v short_a of_o the_o reporter_n intention_n in_o three_o respect_n first_o though_o it_o belong_v to_o the_o king_n yet_o not_o to_o he_o only_o but_o to_o other_o chief_a lord_n 37._o so_o say_v bracton_n second_o it_o be_v not_o due_a from_o every_o english_a man._n and_o last_o it_o be_v a_o service_n due_a by_o virtue_n of_o tenure_n and_o then_o the_o conclusion_n will_v be_v that_o which_o be_v due_a by_o tenure_n of_o land_n be_v not_o due_a by_o natural_a and_o absolute_a legiance_n and_o so_o this_o foreign_a service_n arise_v mere_o by_o compact_n and_o agreement_n between_o lord_n and_o tenant_n and_o not_o by_o the_o natural_a duty_n of_o a_o english-born_a subject_n which_o be_v the_o thing_n that_o the_o reporter_n drive_v at_o in_o all_o his_o discourse_n will_v be_v so_o far_o from_o maintain_v the_o reporter_n opinion_n as_o it_o will_v evident_o destroy_v the_o same_o and_o thus_o the_o posture_n of_o this_o nation_n in_o the_o field_n remain_v regular_a in_o the_o rule_n whatever_o have_v be_v say_v against_o it_o notwithstanding_o that_o in_o the_o very_a instant_n of_o action_n there_o may_v be_v some_o irregularity_n which_o no_o doubt_n both_o be_v and_o ever_o will_v be_v in_o stormy_a time_n nor_o do_v it_o conquer_v the_o law_n for_o though_o war_n may_v seem_v to_o be_v but_o a_o sickness_n of_o the_o state_n yet_o be_v in_o truth_n as_o the_o ultimum_fw-la refugium_fw-la and_o only_o reserve_v unto_o law_n beat_v to_o a_o retreat_n by_o opression_n it_o be_v no_o wonder_n if_o this_o motion_n or_o rather_o commotion_n that_o bring_v on_o the_o law_n of_o peace_n in_o the_o rear_n be_v still_o and_o ever_o subject_a to_o rule_v of_o law_n how_o unruly_a soever_o itself_o seem_v to_o be_v now_o because_o law_n import_v execution_n and_o that_o presuppose_v a_o trial_n and_o it_o a_o court_n therefore_o do_v our_o ancestor_n among_o other_o court_n not_o regulate_v by_o the_o common_a law_n form_n a_o court_n for_o the_o service_n of_o war_n call_v the_o court-marshal_n or_o the_o constable_n court_n according_a as_o the_o office_n of_o one_o or_o the_o other_o have_v the_o pre-eminence_n the_o proceed_n herein_o be_v order_v as_o i_o say_v not_o accordiag_n to_o the_o common_a law_n for_o that_o be_v like_o the_o land_n much_o distant_a from_o all_o other_o nation_n and_o the_o negotiation_n of_o this_o island_n with_o other_o nation_n as_o in_o time_n of_o peace_n so_o of_o war_n require_v a_o rule_n common_a to_o all_o those_o nation_n or_o otherwise_o no_o negotiation_n can_v be_v maintain_v and_o for_o this_o cause_n the_o proceed_n in_o this_o court_n be_v ever_o according_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o civil_a law._n the_o work_n of_o this_o court_n be_v principal_o judicial_a and_o in_o some_o case_n ministerial_a the_o first_o reflect_v upon_o cause_n foreign_n and_o domestic_a and_o both_o of_o those_o be_v either_o criminal_a and_o such_o as_o concern_v the_o common_a peace_n of_o the_o place_n of_o war_n or_o more_o civil_a relate_v only_o unto_o private_a interest_n as_o touch_v the_o first_o of_o these_o i_o suppose_v it_o be_v no_o bull_n to_o speak_v of_o a_o common_a peace_n in_o the_o place_n of_o war._n for_o a_o common_a peace_n must_v be_v in_o each_o party_n within_o itself_o or_o otherwise_o no_o party_n at_o private_a variance_n can_v subsist_v within_o itself_o much_o less_o make_v war_n with_o the_o other_o and_o therefore_o in_o order_n unto_o war_n there_o must_v be_v a_o law_n of_o peace_n for_o the_o trial_n of_o offender_n and_o punish_v they_o for_o offence_n commit_v against_o the_o good_a government_n of_o the_o war_n such_o as_o be_v break_v of_o rank_n desert_v the_o standard_n run_v away_o from_o the_o colour_n mutiny_n murder_n rape_n plundering-private_a quarrel_n disobedience_n to_o command_n and_o suchlike_a all_o which_o do_v bear_v the_o show_n of_o crime_n against_o the_o common_a peace_n of_o the_o army_n and_o the_o country_n of_o the_o second_o sort_n be_v matter_n concern_v quarter_n and_o contract_n in_o order_n to_o the_o government_n of_o the_o war_n save_v such_o as_o be_v make_v before_o either_o part_n be_v enrol_v for_o the_o war._n for_o if_o a_o man_n do_v covenant_n to_o serve_v in_o the_o war_n 31_o and_o keepth_n not_o his_o day_n at_o the_o first_o rendezvouz_n he_o be_v to_o be_v attach_v by_o writ_n at_o the_o common_a law._n 2._o cause_n domestical_a likewise_o fall_v under_o the_o like_a division_n for_o whatsoever_o cause_n may_v be_v foreign_a may_v also_o be_v domestic_a because_o the_o army_n be_v ever_o embody_v within_o the_o kingdom_n and_o must_v be_v under_o the_o directory_n of_o the_o martial_a law_n upon_o the_o first_o form_v thereof_o now_o though_o the_o particular_a law_n of_o the_o army_n for_o the_o government_n thereof_o be_v ordinary_o according_a to_o the_o prudence_n of_o the_o general_n yet_o certain_a fundamental_o have_v be_v ab_fw-la antiquo_fw-la make_v by_o custom_n and_o the_o parliament_n against_o which_o the_o course_n of_o judicature_n must_v not_o go_v and_o as_o the_o parliament_n see_v need_v 27._o it_o set_v also_o particular_a direction_n as_o for_o the_o payment_n of_o soldier_n wage_n for_o remedy_n of_o wasting_n and_o plundering_n in_o their_o own_o country_n and_o other_o such_o emergency_n but_o the_o execution_n of_o all_o these_o law_n original_o be_v in_o the_o marshal_n of_o the_o army_n and_o because_o that_o the_o army_n be_v general_o dissolve_v or_o such_o person_n engage_v in_o such_o matter_n of_o controversy_n depart_v from_o the_o army_n before_o the_o same_o be_v conclude_v therefore_o the_o marshal_n court_n continue_v in_o order_n to_o the_o determine_n of_o these_o matter_n and_o in_o continuance_n of_o time_n other_o matter_n also_o crowd_v into_o that_o society_n although_o sometime_o under_o the_o directory_n of_o the_o constable_n of_o england_n as_o well_o as_o at_o other_o time_n under_o the_o marshal_n more_o particular_o that_o power_n of_o determine_v matter_n concern_v torniament_n a_o sport_n that_o like_o a_o sarcasm_n tickle_v the_o fancy_n but_o
otherwise_o than_o in_o especial_a case_n and_o then_o the_o conclusion_n will_v be_v that_o if_o the_o king_n may_v not_o give_v livery_n to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o the_o peace_n then_o may_v he_o much_o less_o break_v the_o peace_n at_o his_o pleasure_n or_o levy_v man_n arm_n and_o war_n when_o he_o shall_v think_v most_o meet_a take_v then_o away_o from_o the_o king_n absolute_a power_n to_o compel_v man_n to_o take_v up_o arm_n otherwise_o than_o in_o case_n of_o foreign_a invasion_n power_n to_o compel_v man_n to_o go_v out_o of_o their_o county_n to_o war_n power_n to_o charge_n man_n for_o maintenance_n of_o the_o war_n power_n to_o make_v they_o find_v arm_n at_o his_o pleasure_n and_o last_o power_n to_o break_v the_o peace_n or_o do_v aught_o that_o may_v tend_v thereto_o and_o certain_o the_o power_n of_o the_o militia_n that_o remain_v though_o never_o so_o sure_o settle_v in_o the_o king_n hand_n can_v never_o bite_v this_o nation_n nor_o can_v the_o noise_n of_o the_o commission_n of_o array_n entitle_v the_o king_n unto_o any_o such_o vast_a power_n as_o be_v pretend_v for_o though_o it_o be_v grant_v that_o the_o commission_n of_o array_n be_v amend_v by_o the_o parliament_n in_o these_o time_n and_o second_o that_o be_v so_o amend_v it_o be_v to_o serve_v for_o a_o precedent_n or_o rule_n for_o the_o future_a yet_o will_v it_o not_o follow_v that_o henry_n the_o four_o have_v or_o any_o successor_n of_o he_o have_v any_o power_n of_o array_n original_o from_o themselves_o absolute_o in_o themselves_o or_o determinative_o to_o such_o end_n as_o he_o or_o they_o shall_v think_v meet_a first_o as_o touch_v the_o amendment_n of_o the_o commission_n it_o be_v do_v upon_o complaint_n make_v by_o the_o commons_o as_o a_o grievance_n that_o such_o commission_n have_v issue_v forth_o as_o have_v be_v grievous_a hurtful_a and_o dangerous_a and_o the_o king_n agree_v to_o the_o amendment_n upon_o advice_n have_v with_o the_o lord_n and_o judges_z 406._o and_o if_o it_o be_v true_a that_o the_o amendment_n be_v in_o the_o material_a clause_n as_o it_o be_v grant_v than_o it_o seem_v that_o former_o a_o great_a power_n be_v exercise_v than_o by_o law_n ought_v to_o have_v be_v and_o then_o have_v not_o the_o king_n a_o absolute_a power_n of_o array_n for_o the_o just_a power_n of_o a_o king_n can_v be_v no_o grievance_n to_o the_o subject_a second_o if_o the_o commission_n of_o array_n thus_o mend_v 407._o be_v to_o serve_v as_o a_o rule_n of_o array_n for_o the_o future_a then_o there_o be_v a_o rule_n beyond_o which_o henry_n the_o four_o and_o his_o successor_n may_v not_o go_v and_o than_o it_o will_v also_o follow_v that_o the_o power_n of_o array_n be_v not_o original_o nor_o absolute_o in_o the_o king_n but_o from_o and_o under_o the_o rule_n and_o law_n of_o the_o parliament_n which_o rule_n be_v not_o make_v by_o the_o king_n own_o direction_n 406._o but_o as_o we_o be_v tell_v beyond_o expectation_n alteration_n be_v make_v in_o material_a part_n of_o the_o commission_n and_o the_o power_n in_o execution_n there_o whereof_o no_o complaint_n of_o grievance_n have_v be_v make_v the_o issue_n than_o be_v if_o the_o king_n have_v a_o universal_a power_n in_o the_o array_n the_o parliament_n likewise_o have_v a_o general_a liberty_n without_o any_o restriction_n to_o correct_v that_o power_n last_o suppose_v that_o this_o power_n of_o the_o parliament_n be_v execute_v and_o conclude_v by_o the_o commission_n thus_o amend_v and_o that_o thereby_o the_o king_n power_n be_v establish_v yet_o can_v it_o not_o be_v conclude_v that_o this_o power_n be_v original_o or_o absolute_o in_o the_o king._n it_o be_v not_o absolute_o in_o he_o because_o it_o be_v limit_v in_o these_o particular_n first_o it_o be_v not_o continual_a because_o it_o be_v only_o in_o case_n of_o eminent_a danger_n second_o it_o be_v not_o general_a upon_o all_o occasion_n but_o only_o in_o case_n of_o a_o foreign_a and_o sudden_a invasion_n and_o attempt_n three_o the_o power_n be_v not_o undefined_a but_o circumscribe_v 1._o to_o array_n such_o as_o be_v arm_v so_o as_o they_o can_v assess_v arm_n upon_o such_o 24._o 2._o to_o compel_v those_o of_o able_a body_n and_o estate_n to_o be_v arm_v and_o those_o of_o able_a estate_n and_o not_o able_a body_n to_o arm_v such_o as_o be_v of_o able_a body_n and_o not_o estate_n but_o this_o must_v be_v juxta_fw-la facultates_fw-la and_o salvo_fw-la statu_fw-la 3._o whereas_o they_o strain_v themselves_o to_o make_v the_o statute_n of_o henry_n the_o four_o and_o the_o commission_n of_o array_n to_o consist_v with_o the_o statute_n of_o 13_o e._n 1._o 1_o e._n 3._o and_o 25_o e._n 3._o thereby_o they_o affirm_v so_o many_o more_o restriction_n unto_o this_o power_n of_o array_n as_o those_o statute_n be_v remedial_a in_o particular_a case_n yet_o do_v i_o not_o agree_v to_o their_o gloss_n but_o leave_v they_o to_o the_o debate_n already_o publish_v concern_v the_o same_o second_o as_o this_o power_n be_v not_o absolute_o in_o the_o king_n so_o be_v it_o not_o original_o from_o themselves_o because_o they_o have_v not_o the_o legislative_a power_n concern_v the_o same_o but_o the_o same_o be_v ever_o and_o yet_o be_v in_o the_o parliament_n hereof_o i_o shall_v note_v only_o three_o particular_a instance_n first_o the_o militia_n be_v a_o posture_n that_o extend_v as_o well_o to_o sea_n as_o land_n that_o which_o concern_v the_o sea_n be_v the_o law_n of_o marque_n and_o reprisal_n grant_v to_o such_o of_o the_o people_n of_o this_o nation_n as_o be_v pillage_v by_o sea_n by_o such_o as_o have_v the_o king_n conduct_n or_o public_a truce_n 7._o and_o by_o this_o law_n the_o party_n pillage_v have_v power_n to_o recompense_v himself_o upon_o that_o man_n that_o have_v pillage_v he_o or_o upon_o any_o other_o subject_a of_o that_o nation_n in_o case_n upon_o request_n make_v of_o the_o magistrate_n in_o that_o nation_n satisfaction_n be_v not_o give_v he_o for_o his_o wrong_n it_o be_v a_o law_n make_v by_o the_o parliament_n whereby_o the_o chancellor_n have_v power_n to_o grant_v such_o letter_n or_o commission_n upon_o complaint_n to_o he_o make_v this_o be_v ground_v upon_o the_o statute_n of_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la 32._o concern_v free_a trade_n which_o have_v be_v prejudice_v by_o the_o rigour_n of_o the_o conservator_n of_o the_o truce_n against_o the_o king_n subject_n although_o what_o be_v by_o they_o do_v be_v do_v in_o their_o own_o defence_n and_o by_o which_o mean_v the_o foreigner_n be_v become_v bold_a to_o transgress_v and_o the_o english_a fearful_a in_o their_o own_o charge_n and_o many_o lay_v aside_o their_o trade_n by_o sea_n and_o thereby_o the_o strength_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v much_o impair_v nor_o be_v the_o equity_n of_o this_o law_n to_o be_v question_v for_o if_o the_o magistrate_n upon_o complaint_n make_v grant_v not_o relief_n the_o offence_n become_v public_a and_o the_o nation_n chargeable_a in_o nature_n of_o a_o accessary_a after_o the_o fact_n and_o so_o the_o next_o man_n liable_a to_o give_v satisfaction_n and_o to_o seek_v for_o relief_n at_o home_n the_o king_n than_o have_v a_o power_n to_o grant_v letter_n of_o marque_n by_o sea_n or_o land_n and_o this_o power_n be_v grant_v by_o parliament_n and_o this_o power_n be_v a_o limit_a power_n only_o in_o particular_a case_n in_o regard_n that_o many_o time_n these_o prove_v in_o nature_n of_o the_o first_o light_a skirmish_n of_o a_o general_n war._n two_o other_o instance_n yet_o remain_v concern_v the_o order_n and_o government_n of_o the_o soldier_n in_o the_o army_n the_o one_o concern_v the_o soldier_n pay_v viz._n that_o captain_n shall_v not_o abate_v the_o soldier_n wage_n 18._o but_o for_o their_o clothe_n under_o peril_n of_o fine_a to_o the_o king._n the_o other_o concern_v the_o soldier_n service_n that_o they_o shall_v not_o depart_v from_o their_o colour_n without_o leave_n before_o the_o time_n of_o their_o service_n be_v expire_v unless_o in_o case_n of_o sickness_n 19_o or_o other_o good_a cause_n testify_v and_o allow_v by_o the_o captain_n and_o such_o as_o shall_v do_v otherwise_o shall_v suffer_v as_o felon_n which_o law_n can_v not_o have_v hold_v in_o force_n have_v they_o not_o be_v make_v by_o parliament_n in_o respect_n that_o the_o penalty_n concern_v the_o estate_n and_o life_n of_o man_n which_o be_v not_o to_o be_v invade_v but_o by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n so_o as_o both_o captain_n and_o soldier_n as_o touch_v the_o legislative_a power_n be_v not_o under_o the_o king_n in_o his_o personal_a capacity_n but_o under_o the_o law_n of_o the_o parliament_n last_o as_o the_o rule_n of_o war_n be_v under_o the_o legislative_a power_n of_o the_o parliament_n so_o be_v the_o rule_n of_o