173. were very many and gives an account of that passage in these words Francisco de Carvajal and Pedro de Puelles wrote a Letter to Piçarro to give himself the Title of King and by that means to excuse the sending of Ambassadours to the Emperour and in lieu thereof to provide good Horses Armour Shot and Arms which were the best Advocates for justification of his Cause and that he should apply those fifths and rents and duties which Cobos without deserving any part thereof had carried away unto his own use some were of opinion not to yield the Countrey unto the King but upon terms that he should grant likewise unto them the inheritance of their Lands others said that they would make a King as they thought fit as had been practised in Spain when Pelayo and Garci Ximenez were set up Others said that unless the Government of Peru were given to Piçarro and his Brother Hernando Piçarro set at liberty they would call in the very Turks to their assistence And all of them concurred in that general opinion that the Countrey was their own and that they might make a Division thereof amongst themselves in regard they had won it by conquest and at the expence of their own bloud Thus far Gomara which Fernandez Palentino confirms in the thirteenth Chapter of his second Book in these words which I have extracted from thence These Actions being ended they marched to the City of Los Reyes discoursing on the way of the methods which were now to be pursued Some were of opinion that the King would overlook all things that were past and confirm Gonçalo Piçarro in the Government others more impudently said that it was no matter whether the King did approve of things or not for that his Commands would find little effect or compliance in those parts Licenciado Cepeda who was desirous to flatter and please Piçarro in all things approved of the saying of Hernando Bachicao and others that all the Kingdom and Dominion of Peru did by right and by just claim belong unto him to prove which he produced many examples whereby it appeared that many Kingdoms Provinces and Countreys which at first were gained by force of Arms were afterward conserved and after a long tract of time were esteemed the hereditary Possessions and devolved to posterity by an undeniable Title witness the Kingdom of Navarre and the reason form and manner how these Kings were anointed which he compared with the circumstances of Piçarro and then he concluded that never was any King upon the face of the Earth who at the beginning had ever a more fair and clear Title to a Kingdom than Gonçalo Piçarro had unto his all which Piçarro heard with great attention and delight for besides that humane nature is naturally ambitious of power and government his affections were also for want of due consideration let loose to the immoderate desires thereof for he was a man naturally of a dull capacity and knew not how to write or read and therefore made not those reflexions on the consequences of things as thinking-men usually do And in regard that Cepeda was a learned and a well read man and esteemed for his judgment and knowledge every one approved his sayings and none did contradict or question any thing that was said by him for this matter was the whole subject of their discourse at all times when they were in conversation together Thus far Palentino We have formerly mentioned what is reported by Gomara concerning the duties which Cobos took without deserving or doing any thing for them the truth of which matter stands thus His Imperial Majesty was pleased to grant unto his Secretary Francisco de Cobos one and a half per Centum upon all the Gold and Silver which was brought to the Mint and Treasury of his Majesty where the Fifths were deducted for the use and benefit of the King but then Cobos was to be at the whole charge to find Coals for melting and to provide Say-masters to refine and assay the Gold and Silver to pay the Minters and in fine to desray all charges and expences thereof whatsoever which were so great that the Secretary would rather have been a Loser than a Gainer thereby but in regard that every one who went to pay his Fifths might the better make up his accounts and know how much he was to pay and how much remained to him the manner was to bring the Gold and Silver ready melted refined and assayed by the King's Assay-master at the proper cost and expence of the person to whom it belonged by which means Cobos did not perform his obligation which he had given and for that reason Gomara saith that he took duties which he had not deserved CHAP. XLI Gonçalo Piçarro declares his duty and allegiance to the King he departs from Quitu and goes to Truxillo and Los Reyes and the great joy was made at his coming BUT notwithstanding all this discourse and persuasion Gonçalo Piçarro from a principle of Loyalty to his Sovereign could not resolve to take upon himself the Title of King and more especially because he could not but believe that his Majesty would confirm him in the Government of Peru in consideration that he and his Brothers had done great Services having by the Conquest of that Kingdom annexed it to the Imperial Crown and by virtue of the Commission given to his Brother the Marquis he was to hold that Government during his life with liberty to name a Successour after his death and that his Brother had accordingly nominated him Then as to his proceedings and successes against the Vice-king he supposed that his vigorous and unreasonable proceedings in execution of the new Laws might easily justifie his Actions For that the Vice-king refused to hear the Addresses and Petitions which were made to him by the whole Kingdom and for that reason he was chosen and elected by the unanimous consent of all the People to represent their complaints and aggrievances which he had rejected and absolutely refused to receive Then as to the imprisonment of the Vice-king and designing to embark and send him away for Spain it was not done by him but by the Judges upon these considerations which he meditated within himself Piçarro flattered himself with high expectations that he should not onely obtain pardon from the King but a new confirmation and settlement of the Kingdom of Peru upon him thus men of Arms and great Souldiers take false measures of their merits and the rewards which they expect for them But in regard Gonçalo Piçarro did not accept of the offer which his friends made him his refusal was interpreted as the effect of a weak understanding and not proceeding from a principle of loyalty towards his Prince and perhaps upon this ground it was That all Historians in the character they give of him represent him as a person of a weak understanding though in reality those who have been familiarly acquainted with him
Centeno and Alvarado were to be apprehended and imprisoned and a Petition was to be made to the President Gasca that he would be pleased once again to revise the allotments that were made and to divide them into lesser parcels or to grant Pensions to such as wanted them and in case their expectations were not answered they then resolved to take them by force But the Plot being discovered before it came to maturity Cianca the Judge apprehended the chief Leaders and punished them wherewith the troubles were appeased Thus far Gomara CHAP. III. Some Marriages were made up between rich Widows and the Pretenders The allotments assigned to Pedro de Hinojosa and his Companions The novelty which these things caused amongst themselves THIS Authour makes a large discourse concerning the Widows of those times for we must know that in the late Wars many Husbands being killed who had great Estates in Land and commands over Indians their Estates fell to their Widows and lest these Women should marry with those who had been Rebels to the King the Governour thought fit to make matches for them and to appoint them Husbands with whom they should marry many of which lived happily with them but others who had the ill fortune to be joyned with old men were not so well contented as they had been with those they had lost The Wife of Alonso de Toro who was Major-General to Gonçalo Piçarro and had great Possessions was married to Pedro Lopez Caçalla Secretary to the President Gasca The Wife of Martin de Bustincia who was the Daughter of Huayna Capac who held the Estate in her own right and not of her Husband was married to a good Souldier and a very honest man called Diego Hernandez of whom it was reported but falsly that in his younger days he had been a Taylor which being known to the Infanta or Princess she refused the marriage saying that it was not reasonable to marry the Daughter of Huayna Capac Inca with a Ciracamayo that is in the Indian Tongue a Taylor and though the Bishop of Cozco and Captain Diego Centeno and other persons of Quality pressed the marriage they could not prevail wherefore they engaged her Brother Don Christoval Paullu to use his interest and persuade her to it who accordingly taking her aside into a corner of the Room told her that it was not convenient for her to refuse that marriage for that she would so disoblige the Spaniards that for ever after they would become mortal enemies to their Royal Family and Lineage and never more be reconciled to them At length she assenting to the advice of her Brother though with a very ill will was brought before the Bishop who was pleased to honour the marriage by celebrating the Office himself and asking the Bride by an Indian Interpreter whether she would marry that man the Interpreter asked her whether she would be the Woman of that Man for in the Indian Tongue they have no word for Marriage or Wife to which the Bride made answer in her own Language Ychach Manani Ychach Manamunani which is Perhaps I will have him and perhaps I will not have him howsoever the marriage went forward and was celebrated in the House of Diego de los Rios a Citizen of Cozco and both the Husband and Wife were alive and cohabited together when I left Cozco Many other Marriages like this were contracted all over the Empire being designed to give Estates to Pretenders and to satisfie them with the goods of other men and yet this way could not give full contentment for some esteemed the Estates that came by their Wives to be too small and inconsiderable and others whose luck it was to have ugly Women loathed them and complained of their fortune and thus it fared with these men as with others in this world wherein is no entire satisfaction The unequal division of the Land as Authours say was the cause and ground of all the ensuing troubles and mutinies for unto Pedro de Hinojosa they gave all the Indians which belonged to Gonçalo Piçarro in the Charcas which yielded an hundred thousand pieces of Eight every year besides a rich Mine of Silver which made the Revenue of this Gentleman to amount unto two hundred thousand pieces of Eight a year for it is incredible to think the vast quantities of Silver that are every year digged out of the Mines of Potocsi which were so great that Iron was become more valuable than Silver Tapacri fell to the lot of Gomez de Solis which was worth forty thousand Crowns yearly and Martin de Robles had an Estate of the like value give him But Diego Centeno though he had sustained all the labours and performed the services before related yet having not been concerned in the surrender of the Fleet at Panama he was excluded from all other Estate than that onely with which he had formerly been invested called Pucuna nor were others of his Companions in the least considered but Lorenço de Aldana had an addition granted to his former Estate in the City of Arequepa which both together were valued at fifty thousand pieces of Eight yearly rent To Don Pedro de Cabrera a division was made of some Lands in the City of Cozco called Cotapampa the Revenue of which was reckoned at fifty thousand pieces of Eight yearly rent Another to the value of forty thousand in Gold was conferred on Don Baltasar de Castilla in the Province of Parihuanacocha which yields most Gold. John Alonso Palomino received an additional increase to his former Estate which both together might make up a rent of forty thousand Crowns Licenciado Carvajal had a like Estate given him though he enjoyed it but for a short time for being Recorder of Cozco he was unfortunately killed by a fall from a Window from whence he threw himself headlong out of despair and love to a certain Lady I remember I saw him buried on St. Baptist's day but Hernan Bravo de Laguna was to content himself with a meaner lot of eight thousand pieces of Eight Revenue not having the merit of those to pretend who surrendred up the Fleet to the President at Panama who were all some more and some less very considerably rewarded and indeed those Gentlemen did justly deserve a recompense being the first who gave a turn to the scale and the principal Instruments to reduce the Empire of Peru to the obedience of his Majesty which was entirely lost when the President at first entred into it as is apparent to those who have read this History The Lots given to the rest in other Cities of Peru were not so advantageous as those before mentioned for some which were poor were improved with the adjunction of those more rich and some were divided and given to others but how poor soever they were esteemed the meanest of them was valued at eight nine and ten thousand pieces of Eight of yearly Revenue so that the ten lots and divisions which we have
Slaughter The Bear is called Veumari There are no Tigers but onely in craggy and horrid Mountains of the Antis where also Serpents are produced of a prodigious bigness being of about twenty five to thirty foot long which they call Amaru and in compass as big as a Man's Thigh where also are great numbers of Snakes or lesser Serpents called Machachuay and poisonous Serpents and many other venemous Insects but Peru is free of these venemous Creatures A certain Spaniard with whom I was acquainted killed a Lioness of a prodigious bigness within the Antis on that side which borders toward Cozco which having lodged her self in a high Tree he shot her down with four Arrows and ripping her up found her with young of two Whelps which were the Cubs of a Tiger well known by their Spots What the Word is for a Lion in the general Tongue of Peru I have forgot and yet I cannot much reproach my memory but rather lay the fault on my own neglect not having in the space of forty two years either spoken or read in that Language which I think is a very good excuse to any who would blame me for this forgetfulness I think the Tiger is called Uturuncu though Acosta calls a Bear Otoroncos according to the corrupt manner of the Spanish pronunciation There is another sort of animal in the Antis very like a Cow but without Horns nor yet so big the Hide makes a most strong sort of Leather and as some say resists a Sword better than Buff or a Coat of Mail. They have wild Boars in shape like our tame Hogs but there are not many of this kind on that side of the Antis which borders upon Peru And as to matters on the other remote parts of the Antis it is not my design or purpose to treat Monkies and Apes there are many both great and small some of them with Tails and others without them Of the natures of them we might say much but because Acosta hath wrote thereof at large we shall use his own Words as he sets them down in the 39th Chapter of his 4th Book being agreeable to what both the Spaniards and Indians report and of what I my self have been an Eye-witness His Words follow There are great numbers of Micos which are a sort of Monkies found in all the Mountains as well those which are on the Main land as in the Islands in Antis they are of the same species with the Baboons but differ in the length of their Tails and in their proportion and size some of them being three or four times bigger than others Some of them are all black others grey and others spotted Their activity and motion is such that they seem to have reason and discourse leaping from one Tree to another in imitation of Birds In Capita as I travelled from Nombre de Dios to Panama I saw one of these Micos spring at one leap from a Tree to another Tree which grew on the other side of a Stream which to me seemed most strange and wonderfull Their manner is to sit on their Tails at the end of a Bough and thence to throw themselves to what place soever they please and when the distance is so far that they are not able to reach it they use this contrivance many of them getting together one hangs at the Tail of another making a kind of a long Chain with which fetching a long Swing the lowermost throws himself with the help of the others to the bough they aim at where hanging by his fore feet stretches out his Tail to the next companion and so one helps the other untill all are come over The tricks and mimical postures which they have are matters of great divertisement and the actions which they perform in obedience to their Commanders seem effects of humane Understanding rather than of irrational Creatures I saw one of these Monkies at Cartagena in the House of the Governour of which they related such strange things as to me seemed almost incredible They said that they sent him often to the Tavern for Wine with Money in one hand and a Bottel in the other and that when he was come to the Tavern he would not deliver his Money untill he had received his Wine if the Boys met with him by the way and made a houting or noise after him he would set down his Bottel and throw Stones at them and having cleared the way he would take up his Bottel and hasten home and that though he loved Wine excessively yet he would not dare to touch it unless his Master gave him licence They say also that if he saw a Woman at any time fine and well dressed he would presently pull her by the Cloths and ruffle them in a strange manner Perhaps something may be reported of these Creatures more than I have seen howsoever it is most certain that there is no Animal in the World so sagacious and so delighted with humane Society as this sort and race of Monkies and because the Reports concerning the understanding of these Creatures are so strange that the Instances thereof seem incredible to me and would perhaps appear fabulous to others I shall therefore omit to mention them and onely bless and admire the Authour of all Creatures that amongst all his works made for the use and benefit of Mankind he hath shaped and fashioned a Creature so ridiculous in its form and postures as serves to move laughter and yield matter of Recreation and Divertisement to Man whom he hath made Lord of this Universe Some have written that Solomon brought his Monkies from the West Indies but I am of another opinion and believe that they were fetched from the Eastern Parts Thus far are the Words of Acosta to which may be farther added that these Apes and Monkies carry their young ones at their backs untill they are able to shift for themselves the young ones taking hold with their fore-feet about their necks and clasp their hind legs about their middle all which besides their tricks and inventions before recited serve to demonstrate their sagacious dexterity and shifts like experienced Souldiers in time of necessity And because the noise they make is a Language by which one understands the other as for my part I believe that all Birds and Beasts do by their several voices understand the meaning of their own species therefore the Indians say that they can speak and that they disguise their want of speech to the Spaniards lest they should send them to work in the Mines and dig for Gold and Silver and that in imitation of the Indians they carry their young ones at their backs And thus much shall suffice to have spoken of Apes and Monkies CHAP. XIX Of their Tame and Wild-fowl both of Water and Land. THE Indians of Peru have no tame fowl but onely a sort of Ducks so called by the Spaniards because they have some kind of likeness with those in Spain they
the breast of Huascar he grew so sad and pensive that not being able to support longer the burthen of his jealousie he dispatched a Messenger to his Brother Atahualpa giving him to understand that according to the ancient Constitution and Canon of the First Inca Manco Capac which had been observed by all generations descended from him the Kingdom of Quitu and all the dependencies belonging to it were properly and of right inherent in the Crown and Imperial Seat of Cozco And though he had quitted his claim thereunto in respect to that forced obedience he owed to his Father yet by the strict Rules of Justice he was not obliged thereunto nor was any such Resignation lawfull being to the damage of his Crown and to the right of his Successours which his Father had neither power to enjoin nor be to perform But in regard his Father had so commanded it and he assented he was willing to confirm the same Grant to him on two Conditions First that he do not add one Foot of Land to his present Dominions for that all his Conquests do of right belong to the Empire and secondly that as a Feudatory he perform towards him Homage and Vassalage This Message Atahualpa received with all the submission and humility imaginable and having taken three days time to return his Answer he with all the seigned affection and subtile dissimulation he could contrive made this Reply That he had always in his heart entertained obedient thoughts towards his Lord and Sovereign the Capac Inca and that as an evidence thereof he would never attempt to encrease and enlarge his Dominions of Quitu but by the order and with the consent of his Majesty to whose pleasure he was so entirely devoted that in case he should think sit to dispose otherwise of his Kingdom he would willingly resign all to his command and live as privately in his Court as any of his Uncles and Kindred serving him both in Peace and War with faithfulness and diligence This joyfull Answer from Atahualpa the Messenger returned with all expedition by the Post remaining still at the Court of Atahualpa in expectation of Instructions from the Inca of what farther to act and negotiate therein The Inca receiving this soft Answer with great joy and satisfaction replied again That he did not in the least repine at the Possessions which his Father had bestowed on Atahualpa for that he did again confirm them to him provided that he did always within such a term of years repair constantly to Cozco and perform the Homage he had agreed To which Atahualpa returned answer That he was very happy to know the Will and Pleasure of his Lord the Inca but much more to perform it which that he might doe he would speedily repair to the place appointed to take the Oath of Allegiance and for the doing thereof in the most solemn manner he desired his Majesties licence and permission that all the Provinces of his State might attend him thither to join with him in the solemn celebration of the funeral Obsequies of his Father Huayna Capac according to the custome observed by the Kingdom of Quitu and the Provinces depending on it and that having accomplished that ceremony both he and all his Subjects would take the Oath of Allegiance and Fealty Huascar Inca easily consented to this gratefull Proposition which his Brother had made to him giving him to understand that he might take his time of coming to Cozco when it seemed most convenient and that he gave him leave to celebrate the rites of his Father's Funeral according to the custome of his Countrey And so both the Brothers appeared satisfied the one rejoycing at the good correspondence he had with his Brother little suspecting the malitious design that lay concealed under it of bereaving him of his Life and Empire and the other pleased himself with the thoughts and contrivance of his damnable Plot which he had laid to make himself Master both of one and the other CHAP. XXXIII The Subtilties which Atahualpa used to take suspicion from the mind of his Brother THings being thus prepared the King Atahualpa published a Decree through all his Kingdom and Provinces that all people who were able to travel unto Cozco should within the space of so many days prepare themselves to take a Journey thither that they might according to the ancient custome of their Nation celebrate the Funeral Rites of the Great Huayna Capac his Father and take the Oaths of Homage and Allegiance to their Supreme Monarch Huascar Inca and that for the greater glory and splendour every one should appear in his best Ornaments and Garments befitting such a Solemnity but secretly he intimated his instructions to his Captains that in their respective Divisions they should take care to chuse such select Men as were Souldiers and better armed for War than accoutred for performance of the Obsequies and that they should march in divers Divisions of five and six hundred in a Squadron and so disguise the matter as to appear in the outward shew rather like Servants and Attendants than like Souldiers and that every Division should march at two or three Leagues distance each from the other And moreover he gave Orders to the Captains who led the Van that when they were come within ten or twelve days March of Cozco that then they should shorten their pace that the Rere might come up to them who were commanded to double their March that so they might overtake those in the Van. In this order the Troops of Atahualpa consisting of above thirty thousand select Men most being old veterane Souldiers proceeded in their March who also were Commanded by those famous and experienced Captains which his Father had left and recommended to him two of which Officers were especially famous above the rest one of which was called Challchucima and the other Quizquiz and Atahualpa gave out that he would himself in Person bring up the Rere Huascar placing great confidence in the words of his Brother and much more in that untainted Loyalty which the Indians had ever born to their Incas a testimony of which faithfulness is given by Acosta in these words taken out of the twelfth Chapter of his sixth Book Without doubt said he great was the reverence and affection which this people shewed to their Incas it having never been known that any one of them was ever guilty of High-Treason c. For which reason Huascar suspecting nothing less than such a faithless and treasonable design did with all freedom and generous liberty give order that they should be supplied with all Provisions in their way and all kind treatment shewed them as befitted Brothers who were travelling to perform the Funeral Rites of their Father and to take the Oaths of Fealty and Allegiance Thus both Parties moved on different considerations that of Huascar with all the simplicity and sincerity imaginable and the other of Atahualpa with all the subtile artifice and cunning
Marquis had performed to the Crown as also for other Causes which they alledged in favour and honour of Gonçalo Piçarro himself For now fortune being of his side the people began to speak favourably of him and he carrying himself with pretences of restoring to them their Liberty was generally cryed up and beloved of all and especially succeeding the Vice-king who was hated and detested by all mankind Thus far are the words of Diego Fernandez After which Carate in the thirteenth Chapter of his Book proceeds and says The Instrument for constituting Piçarro Governour being passed he made his Entry into the City in State and triumph In the first place Captain Bachicao led the Van-guard with two and twenty Pieces of Cannon made for the field which were carried on the Shoulders of six thousand Indians as we have mentioned before with all the other train of Artillery and Ammunition thereunto belonging and as they marched they fired the Cannon in the Streets and for Guard to the Artillery thirty Musquetiers and fifty Gunners were appointed After which followed the Company under command of Captain Diego Gumiel which consisted of two hundred Pique-men after which followed Captain Guevara with a hundred and fifty Musquetiers and then came the Company of Pedro Cermenno consisting of two hundred Harquebusiers immediately after which followed Gonçalo Picarro himself with three Companies of Foot attending like Foot-men by his side and he mounted on a very fine Horse and cloathed with a Coat of Mail over which he wore a thin Coat of cloth of gold after him marched three Captains with their Troops of Horse in midst of which Don Pedro Porto Carrero supported the Royal Standard on his right hand Antonio Altamirano carried the Ensign of Cozco and on the left Pedro de Puelles carried the Colours in which the Arms of Piçarro were painted after which all the Cavalry followed armed in form and point of War. And in this order they marched to the house of Licenciado Carate where the other Judges were assembled which was a default on Carate's side for he ought rather to have received him in the place of publick Judicature but here Piçarro leaving his Forces drawn up in the open Market-place went up into the Chamber where the Judges attended and received him with due order and respect and having taken the Oath and given the Security which is usual he went to the Town-house where the Mayor Sheriffs and other Officers received him with the accustomary Solemnities and thence he went to his own Lodgings and in the mean time the Officers quartered the Souldiers both Horse and Foot in the private houses of the Citizens giving order that they should entertain them upon Free-quarter This entry of Piçarro into the City and his reception there happened towards the end of the month of October 1544 being forty days after the imprisonment of the Vice-king and from that time forward Piçarro attended wholly to the management of his martial Affairs and to matters relating thereunto leaving all civil Causes and proceedings in Law to the Judges who held their Courts in the House of the Treasurer Alonso Riquelme And then he sent to Cozco for his Deputy Alonso de Toro to Arequepa for Pedro de Tuentes to the Villa de Plata for Francisco de Almendras and to other Cities for the principal Governours thereof Thus far are the words of Augustine Carate To which Fernandez Palentino in the sixteenth Chapter of his Book adds and says That Diego Centeno having accompanied Gonçalo Piçarro in quality of Procuratour for the Town of Plate as far as Los Reyes he there found that Piçarro had preferred his great Friend Francisco de Almendras to be Captain and chief Justiciary of that Town and therefore he desired him to move Piçarro that he might be dismissed and go along with him to the Villa de la Plata because his House and Estate was in those parts which license being obtained they travelled together to the Charcas where some time afterwards when Diego Centeno declared for the King he surprised and killed him and though in excuse hereof it may be alledged that it was done for the King's service yet he can never wipe off that blot of Ingratitude for during the time of the Conquest when Diego Centeno came very young into the Countrey he was supported and provided for in all his necessities and in the time of his sickness by Francisco de Almendras who was a rich and a principal person of quality in those days and took the same care of him as if he had been his Son the which benefits and kindnesses Diego Centeno publickly owned and when they were in private he called him Father as Almendras called him Son and therefore he ought for ever to be branded with Ingratitude unless the publick concernment for his Prince be able to untie and abolish all other private obligations and endearments whatsoever Gonçalo Piçarro finding himself now invested in his Power and Government which he held both by virtue of the Royal Grant given to his Brother the Marquis in whose right he pretended thereunto and now by the consent and election of the Judges began to give out his own Commission to Officers both Military and Civil and to sit and hear Causes which he dispatched with great readiness administring Justice with Reputation and Authority to the contentment and satisfaction of the whole City but these smooth and chearfull proceedings were mixed with their troubles and misfortunes For Captain Diego Gumiel who untill this time had always shewed himself zealous and passionate in the cause of Piçarro began to alter his humour and speak against him because he had refused to grant him a piece of Land with a Command over Indians which he asked of him in behalf of a certain Friend of his and with that occasion he railed against the Judges saying that they had unjustly taken away the Government from the Son of Marquis Francisco Piçarro to whom it appertained by lawfull inheritance descended from his Father in virtue of a Grant from his Majesty to confer it upon one who had no right nor title thereunto and for that reason he declared that he would use his utmost endeavours that the Son of the Marquis might recover his own Inheritance Gumiel frankly discoursing at this rate without regard to the place where or the person to whom he vented his passion at length the reports thereof coming to the ears of Piçarro he gave his immediate Orders to his Major-General that he should examine this matter and take such course as might restrain the licentious Tongue of that Captain for the future It is certain that the meaning of Piçarro was not to put Gumiel to death though Carvajal put that interpretation upon it and having asked some questions about the matter and hearing them confirmed went directly to Gumiel's Lodgings where without more to doe he strangled him and drew his Body into the Market-place saying give way Gentlemen for
all the occurrences so particularly and truly as I am for those who come from thence give me informations of what hath past and some Friends who live upon the place constantly write to me from the Camp and give me as good intelligence as they are able for they knowing me to be a man of truth and delighted with a real and exact account of all successes do endeavour to gratifie my curiosity and affection to his Majesty's interest by faithfull and true informations which my zeal to the Crown settles and fixes in my memory c. The remainder of this Letter for brevity sake we omit as impertinent and little to our purpose for it reflects chiefly on the Vice-king Blasco Nunnez Vela and casts the blame of all the mischiefs past on his miscarriages and to justifie himself he says that all the Cities of that Empire chose him for their Agent-General in which capacity he was empowered by Commission from the Judges under the great Seal to drive out and expell Blasco Nunnez Vela from the limits of that Kingdom and that he acted nothing all that time but by their Warrant and by virtue of their commands With this Letter Paniagua was dispatched by Sea where we shall leave him for a while to discourse of other matters which intervened onely before we conclude this Chapter we must reflect a little on that passage of his Letter wherein he says that of that vast tract of Empire which he and his Kindred had acquired to the Crown not one Acre thereof was appropriated to his Family he means by inheritance for ever as the Lords in Spain hold their Lands which were granted to them by former Kings in reward of the Services they had done in the Wars against the Moors helping to subdue and drive them out of the Land for though Gonçalo Piçarro and Hernando Piçarro were seised of much Land with command over Indians yet they held them onely for their lives as did also the Marquis Don Francisco Piçarro whose Estate was onely for Life and never descended to his Children CHAP. VI. The death of Alonso de Toro Diego Centeno and the other Captains come out of their Caves and places of retirement and appear for the service of his Majesty Gonçalo Piçarro sets all his Ships on fire and what was the saying of Carvajal thereupon FErnandez Paniagua having received his dispatches and departed Gonçalo Piçarro began to be troubled that he had received no advices or intelligences from Lorenço de Aldana either in relation to his Voyage or to the Fleet then at Panama nor of any other matter concerning Pedro de la Gasca so that he suspected something amiss in regard the time did well admit of a return Wherefore he dispatched Letters to Captain Pedro de Puelles his Deputy at Quitu and to Captain Mercadillo Governour of the City of St. Michael to Captain Porcel in Paccamurus and to Captain Diego de Mora at Truxillo advising them to be in a readiness in case he should have occasion to call upon them for their assistance which he believed would be very speedy but when the Messengers came to those places they found all the People already possessed with the news of a general Pardon and of the revocation of the late Ordinances for the President had taken care to disperse Copies in all parts upon publication of which there was a general defection in all places from Gonçalo Piçarro the like Message was also sent to Captain Antonio de Robles then in the City of Cozco to prepare and keep his People in a readiness to be employed in any future service which might offer this Message was sent to Antonio de Robles because Piçarro was informed that Diego Gonçales de Vargas with whom I had acquaintance had killed Captain Alonso de Toro who was Governour under him in that City the truth is the matter was sudden and neither contrived by him who killed him nor suspected by the person who was slain for Alonso de Toro was Son-in-law to Diego Gonçales and lodged in the same House together Alonso de Toro was of a proud cholerick disposition and very loud in his speech Diego Gonçales being in the Hall which was next to his Daughter's Apartment he heard Alonso de Toro scold and quarrel with his Daughter who was a very good and vertuous Wife and in his fury coming out into the Hall he met with his Father-in-law and fansying that he came to take part with his Daughter he presently brusled up to the good old man who was above sixty five years of age and with a loud voice gave him base and foul language but Gonçales de Vargas rather with intention to defend himself than with design to hurt his Son-in-law laid hold on an old Dagger which hung by a string at his side and drew it in his own defence with which Alonso de Toro being more provoked came up so close to the old Man that he received a wound from the Dagger which when De Vargas perceived and considered that there was now no other way he gave him three or four stabbs more in the Belly and then fled fearing lest de Toro should by his strength wrest the Dagger from him and kill him with it but he had strength onely to pursue him about fifty paces to the foot of the Stairs where he fell down and died This was the fate of poor Alonso de Toro which his own fury and cholerick disposition had brought upon him his Father-in-law being forced thereunto merely to save and defend himself Diego Gonçales was afterwards tried for the fact and acquitted and I knew him several years after he had a Son named Diego de Vargas who went to School with me whilst we learned to reade and write and were afterwards in our Latin we were also neighbours and lived next door but one to them when this unfortunate mischief happened After the death of Alonso de Toro the Corporation of the City made choice of Alonso de Hinojosa to be Governour and Captain thereof under Gonçalo Piçarro but he was soon superseded by Antonio de Robles who received a Commission for the place from Piçarro by which though Hinojosa esteemed himself much disobliged yet he dissembled his pleasure untill a fair opportunity offered to make known his resentments as will appear more plainly hereafter The Letters and Advices also of the arrival of the President were carried to Arequepa and to the City of Plate and flew over all Collao where many of those people were concealed who had been dispersed by Francisco de Carvajal when he pursued Diego Centeno This news caused great fermentation in the minds of the People and particularly an inhabitant of Arequepa called Diego Alvarez being then near the Sea-coast with nine or ten Companions made himself Captain of them and taking Colours of a Linen Cloth they went in search of Diego Centeno who had by this time quitted his Cave and gotten together about five men who
warlike people supposing that being then without the limits of Peru they might more easily obtain the benefit of the general Pardon by such new services And in case that Diego Centeno should interrupt them in their passage they then resolved to break through him and either overcome or dye though they knew that he had much the advantage in his numbers And departing from Arequepa with this design they came at length by the usual marches near to Huarina where the way leads to those Mountains Diego Centeno having constant Advices of the motion of Piçarro left his own quarters well fortified and burnt the Bridge which is made over the Channel whereby the Lake of Titicaca empties it self that he might give a stop to the Enemy's passage and trusting much to the courage and resolution of his Souldiers he resolved to engage him if possible in a Battel But Gonçalo Piçarro endeavouring on the contrary to avoid fighting sent a Messenger to Centeno with a Letter putting him in mind of the ancient friendship and confederacy between them when they conquered Collao and the Charcas and the many kindnesses and good offices he had done him both at that time and since and particularly that he had given him his life when he killed Jasper Rodriguez and Philip Gutierez for the very same Plot in which he was concerned for though he was in the List with the other Conspiratours and was well assured that he was one of the principal of them yet he granted him his Pardon against the opinion and sense of all his Friends He farther desired him to recall to mind that he that is Centeno had been one of the first and chief of those who promoted him to the Office of Procuratour-General of that Kingdom that he had followed him under that Character to the City of Los Reyes and had continued with him untill he saw him advanced to the Government of Peru wherefore forgetting all that was past he desired him to enter into a Treaty with him relating to matters which might tend to the common benefit of themselves and of all the Countrey and that he would accord with him in any reasonable Propositions as if he were his own Brother This Letter was sent by a Souldier called Francisco Vosso the Husband of Joanna of Leyton of whom we have formerly made mention who for his relation to Francisco de Carvajal was employed as a person of great trust and faithfulness Augustine Carate in the second Chapter of his seventh Book saith that this Souldier delivered the Letter to Diego Centeno and offered to serve him and at the same time advised him that Diego Alvarez Ensign of his own Company kept a correspondence with Piçarro but Centeno thought not fit to examine the matter or punish the Ensign because he had discovered to him all the particulars and assured him that the correspondence was carried on with design of service unto him Diego Centeno returned an Answer hereunto with great civility giving him to understand that he did gratefully acknowledge the many good offices which he had received from him in return whereof he did heartily advise and intreat him to take into serious consideration the true circumstances of the present Affairs and the gratious Declaration of his Majesty to pardon all past offences And in case therefore that he would come in and return to the Service of his Majesty he would promise to be his Advocate to intercede with the President in his behalf and that he might be confident to obtain all the advantageous and honourable conditions he could desire without hazard of his Life or Estate And he did farther assure him that he would be his Friend and his Associate in all matters whatsoever but those wherein his allegiance and duty towards his Prince were concerned These and the like complements he returned in answer to his Letter Thus far Augustine Carate CHAP. XVII Diego Centeno writes to the President giving him an account of these matters by the same Messenger which Piçarro had sent to him The President comes to Sausa where he meets Francisco Vosso CEnteno being well assured of the good will and affection which Vosso bore to his Majesty's Service by that free manner with which he offered it and by the discovery he made of the correspondence which the Ensign held with Piçarro he thought fit to send the very same Messenger to the President with Letters giving him a relation at large of all which had passed untill that time and how he had so environed Piçarro on all sides that he could not escape from him He acquainted him how strong he was and how weak Piçarro and that he hoped to overcome him without fighting He farther acquainted him with the Message brought to him by Francisco Vosso and for better confirmation he sent him the very Letter Moreover Centeno acquainted Vosso with the answer he had given to Gonçalo Piçarro and told him that he trusted him with that dispatch to carry it unto the President and to bear his charges in so long a Journey he gave him the value of a thousand pieces of Eight in Gold and farther directed him that after he had been a short time at Piçarro's Camp and had delivered his Letters and given a relation of all matters he should then buy the best Mule he could find to carry him with all speed possible to the President and in regard he was well acquainted with the state and condition of both Camps his directions were to inform the President with the circumstances of affairs on both sides in respect to the number of people and the manner how they were armed And because his business was now to act a double part he gave him a Grant in the name of his Majesty of certain Lands or Plantations in Arequepa which were vacant signed by his own hand desiring the President to confirm the same in reward of the Loyalty and Services of Francisco Vosso Accordingly Vosso returning again to Piçarro was ordered by him to acquaint Francisco de Carvajal with all the particulars of what he had seen and heard from Centeno because that Carvajal having been his intimate Friend and Patron he would no doubt freely open himself and declare whatsoever had passed between him and Centeno Carvajal examined him as to all matters and Vosso fully answered and satisfied him in every thing namely who were the Captains both of Horse and Foot and what was the number of his Souldiers and confessed that he had received the information from Centeno himself who was so free with him as to acquaint him with the substance of the Letter which he had wrote to Gonçalo Piçarro in answer of his confirming the same by word of mouth that he would be his Advocate with the President and intercede with him to pardon them both as to Life and Estate and would doe him all other good offices provided he would return to his allegiance and the duty he owed unto the King. Carvajal
himself with his Sword Gomez Arias clapt his hand on the hilt commanding him to deliver up his Arms which Hernandez refusing to do and still striving Sylvestre thrust the point of his Lance to his Breast telling him that unless he did as Gomez Arias bid him he would immediately kill him Hereupon Hernandez resigned his Sword to Gomez Arias and having set him up on the Horse behind Arias they carried him away Prisoner and being come to the place where they intended to lodge that night Gomez Arias desired that the Prisoner might be committed to the custody of the Sheriff who was to take care to keep and secure him from an escape The Captains consented hereunto and ordered that he should be committed to Prison and being under a Guard of Souldiers they marched with him by the way of the Mountain until they came to the City of Los Reyes The Captains Michael de la Serna and John Tello intended to have executed Justice on many of the Rebbels that they had taken according to their Commission but seeing so many Noble Persons amongst them and some poor silly fellows they were touched with a remorse and compassion for them and so banish them into divers parts out of the Kingdom But that after these Acts of Mercy they might seem to execute some piece of Severity they put one of them to death named Guadramiros who had been concerned in the Conspiracy of Don Sebastian and was the boldest bloodiest Villain of any of those who adhered to Hernandez and so his Life satisfied for the Crimes of his Companions The fame of the taking Hernandez was soon spread and divulged into all parts upon news of which the Major General Don Pedro Portocarrero and Captain Baltatar Velazquez who some few days before had by order of the Justices marched out of Cozco with thirty Souldiers and two Colours in search of Hernandez made what haste they could to joyn with the other party who conducted the Prisoner that they might partake of the glory of that Victory which others had acquired and might enter into Los Reyes with triumph as if they also had been concerned in that happy exploit In this manner they met some few Leagues before they came to the City and made a triumphant entry with all four Colours flying but in regard the two Captains only were concerned in the taking of Hernandez they with their Companies marched in the middle between the party commanded by the Major General and Captain Baltatar Velazquez the Prisoner was placed in the midst between the four Colours and on each side and before him went the three Souldiers already named who took him After these followed the Infantry in rank and file and in like manner the Cavalry In the rear of all came the Major General and the three Captains The Musquetiers in token of rejoycing and triumph fired several Vollies as they marched and indeed the joy was universal to see an end put to that Rebellion which had given a disturbance to the whole Empire and had brought ruin and misery as well on the Indians as the Spaniards which was so great and enormous that if it were rightly scann'd and considered it will appear that we have not described the tenth part of the destruction and ruin it had produced CHAP. XXX The Justices make Laws to prevent future Insurrections They entertain a troublesome Conference with Souldiers who pretend Rewards for their great services Justice is done upon Francisco Hernandez Giron his Head is fixed on the Gallows and taken thence by a certain Gentleman with the Heads of Gonçallo Piçarro and Francisco de Carvajal The strange death of Baltatar Velazquez THE Justices coming from Pucara where Hernandez was defeated made a stay at Cozco for some few days to order several matters conducing to the good Government of the Empire which for above a year had been in confusion and subjected to the Arbitrary Lust of Tyrannical Rebels by which it was reduced to such misery as cannot be expressed Captain John Ramon was made Governour of the City of la Paz where his Estate lay and his Jurisdiction over Indians And Captain Don John de Sandoval was sent to the City of Plate and to Command that and the Provinces thereunto belonging And Garcilasso de la Vega was made Chief Justice and Governour of the City of Cozco and the Lawyer Doctor Mojaraz was appointed Deputy and Co-assessor with him and to continue in that Office during the Will and Pleasure of the Justices but the Governour not being pleased to have his Deputy at the disposal of another Power and not at his own desired to have that Clause amended which the Justices accordingly ordered And Doctor Mojaraz by the good and tractable disposition of the Governour and by the good Correspondence which passed between them so well acquitted himself that after the space of three years which determined his Office he was promoted to another place not inferiour to the former which was much different to the Lot and Fortune of his Successour as will appear hereafter During those few days that the Justices made their Residence in the City of Cozco several Captains and Souldiers grew very importunate with them to grant them Lands and Commands over Indians in reward of the many Services they had done his Majesty both in these present Wars as in those preceding To which the Justices made answer that as yet the Wars were not at an end since the Chief Rebel of all was not as yet taken and that many of his Souldiers were still actually in Arms and dispersed over all the Kingdom and that so soon as things were a little settled in peace and quietness that they would then take care to reward them in the name and behalf of his Majesty And in the mean time they advised them not to hold Cabals or private Consultations together lest thereby they should give occasion to scandalous Tongues to report matters tending to their dishonour and prejudice The Justices being by this answer freed from the Molestation of these Importunities News came that Francisco Hernandez was taken which caused them to hasten a dispatch of their business that they might come speedily to Loss Reyes to pass Judgment on this Arch-Rebel Doctor Saravia departed six or seven days before Santillan and Mercado his Brethren of the Bench. The Captains John Tello and Michael de la Serna who brought Hernandez Prisoner Committed him to the Royal Prison belonging to the Chancery and took from the Keeper a formal Receipt and Acknowledgment of his being delivered to his Custody which was drawn up in full and ample manner Two or three days afterwards Doctor Saravia came to Town having made great haste to be present at passing the sentence of Death on the Prisoner which was executed eight days after the Doctor 's arrival as Palentino declares Chapter 58 in these words His Examination being taken at the conclusion thereof he declared That all Men Women and Children Friers