the_o feoffee_n and_o another_o be_v not_o any_o new_a thing_n but_o the_o pernancy_n of_o the_o old_a profit_n of_o the_o land_n which_o well_o may_v be_v limit_v to_o the_o feoffee_n and_o another_o joint_o but_o if_o the_o use_n have_v be_v only_o limit_v to_o the_o feoffee_n and_o his_o heir_n there_o because_o there_o be_v not_o any_o limitation_n to_o another_o person_n nec_fw-la in_o praesenti_fw-la nec_fw-la in_o futuro_fw-la he_o shall_v be_v in_o by_o force_n of_o the_o feoffment_n and_o it_o be_v resolve_v that_o joynt-tenant_n may_v be_v seize_v to_o a_o use_n although_o that_o they_o come_v to_o it_o at_o several_a time_n as_o if_o a_o man_n make_v a_o feoffment_n in_o fee_n to_o the_o use_n of_o himself_o and_o to_o such_o a_o woman_n which_o he_o shall_v after_o marry_v for_o term_v of_o their_o life_n or_o in_o tail_n or_o in_o fee_n in_o this_o case_n if_o after_o he_o marry_v a_o wife_n she_o shall_v take_v joint_o with_o he_o although_o that_o they_o take_v the_o use_n at_o several_a time_n for_o they_o derive_v the_o use_n out_o of_o the_o same_o fountain_n and_o freehold_a scil_n the_o feoffment_n see_v 17_o eliz._n dyer_n 340._o so_o if_o a_o disseisin_n be_v have_v to_o the_o use_n of_o two_o and_o one_o of_o they_o agree_v at_o one_o time_n and_o the_o other_o at_o another_o time_n they_o shall_v be_v joynt-tenant_n but_o otherwise_o it_o be_v of_o estate_n which_o pass_v by_o the_o common_a law_n and_o therefore_o if_o a_o grant_v be_v make_v by_o deed_n to_o one_o man_n for_o term_n of_o life_n the_o remainder_n to_o the_o right_a heir_n of_o a._n and_o b._n in_o fee_n and_o a._n have_v issue_n and_o die_v and_o afterward_o b._n have_v issue_n and_o die_v and_o then_o the_o tenant_n for_o life_n die_v in_o that_o case_n the_o heir_n of_o a._n and_o b._n be_v not_o joynt-tenant_n nor_o shall_v join_v in_o a_o scire_fw-la facias_fw-la to_o execute_v the_o fine_a 24_o e._n 3._o joynder_n in_o action_n 10._o because_o that_o although_o the_o remainder_n be_v limit_v by_o one_o fine_a and_o by_o joint_a word_n yet_o because_o that_o by_o the_o death_n of_o a._n the_o remainder_n as_o unto_o the_o moiety_n vest_v in_o his_o heir_n and_o by_o the_o death_n of_o b._n the_o other_o moiety_n vest_v in_o his_o heir_n at_o several_a time_n they_o can_v be_v joint_n tenant_n but_o in_o the_o case_n of_o a_o use_n the_o husband_n take_v all_o the_o use_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n and_o when_o he_o marry_v the_o wife_n take_v it_o by_o force_n of_o the_o feoffment_n and_o the_o limitation_n of_o the_o use_n joint_o with_o he_o for_o there_o be_v not_o any_o fraction_n and_o several_a ve_n by_o parcel_n as_o in_o the_o other_o case_n and_o such_o be_v the_o difference_n see_v 18_o e._n 3._o 28._o and_o upon_o the_o whole_a matter_n it_o be_v resolve_v that_o because_o in_o the_o principal_a case_n the_o father_n and_o son_n be_v joynt-tenant_n by_o the_o original_a purchase_n that_o the_o son_n have_v the_o land_n by_o survivor_n shall_v not_o be_v in_o ward_n and_o according_o it_o be_v so_o decree_v xxiv_o pasc_n 39_o eliz._n rot._n 233._o in_o the_o kings-bench_n collins_n and_o harding_n case_n the_o case_n between_o collins_n and_o harding_n be_v a_o man_n seize_v of_o land_n in_o fee_n and_o also_o of_o land_n by_o copy_n of_o court_n roll_n in_o fee_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o manor_n make_v one_o entire_a demise_n of_o the_o land_n in_o fee_n and_o of_o the_o land_n hold_v by_o copy_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n to_o harding_n for_o year_n render_v one_o entire_a rent_n and_o afterward_o the_o lessor_n surrender_v the_o copyhold_n land_n to_o the_o use_n of_o collins_n and_o his_o heir_n and_o at_o another_o time_n grant_v by_o deed_n the_o reversion_n of_o the_o freehold_a land_n to_o collins_n in_o fee_n and_o harding_n attorn_v and_o afterward_o for_o the_o rent_n behind_o collins_n bring_v a_o action_n of_o debt_n for_o the_o whole_a rent_n and_o it_o be_v object_v that_o the_o reservation_n of_o the_o rent_n be_v a_o entire_a contract_n and_o by_o the_o act_n of_o the_o lessee_n the_o same_o can_v be_v apportion_v and_o therefore_o if_o one_o demise_v three_o acre_n render_v 3_o s._n rent_n and_o afterward_o bargain_v and_o sell_v by_o deed_n indent_a and_o enrol_v the_o reversion_n of_o one_o acre_n the_o whole_a rent_n be_v go_v because_o that_o the_o contract_n be_v entire_a and_o can_v be_v sever_v by_o the_o act_n of_o the_o lessor_n also_o the_o lessee_n by_o that_o shall_v be_v subject_a to_o two_o fealty_n where_o he_o be_v subject_a but_o to_o one_o before_o as_o to_o these_o point_n it_o be_v answer_v and_o resolve_v that_o the_o contract_n be_v not_o entire_a but_o that_o the_o same_o by_o the_o act_n of_o the_o lessor_n and_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o lessee_n may_v be_v divide_v and_o sever_v for_o the_o rent_n be_v incident_a to_o the_o reversion_n and_o the_o reversion_n be_v severable_a and_o by_o consequence_n the_o rent_n also_o for_o accessorium_fw-la sequitur_fw-la naturam_fw-la svi_fw-la principalis_fw-la and_o that_o can_v be_v sever_v or_o divide_v by_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o lessee_n or_o express_v attornment_n or_o employ_v by_o force_n of_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n to_o which_o every_o one_o be_v a_o party_n as_o by_o force_n of_o the_o statute_n of_o inrolment_n or_o of_o use_v etc._n etc._n and_o as_o to_o the_o two_o fealty_n to_o that_o the_o lessee_n shall_v be_v subject_a although_o that_o the_o rent_n shall_v be_v extinct_a for_o fealty_n be_v by_o necessity_n of_o law_n incident_a to_o the_o reversion_n and_o to_o every_o part_n of_o it_o but_o the_o rent_n shall_v be_v divide_v pro_fw-la rata_fw-la portionis_fw-la and_o so_o it_o be_v adjudge_v and_o it_o be_v also_o adjudge_v that_o although_o collins_n come_v to_o the_o reversion_n by_o several_a conveyance_n and_o at_o several_a time_n yet_o he_o may_v bring_v a_o action_n of_o debt_n for_o the_o whole_a rent_n hill_n 43_o eliz._n rot._n 243._o west_n and_o lassels_n case_n a_o man_n make_v a_o lease_n for_o year_n of_o certain_a land_n and_o afterward_o devise_v the_o reversion_n of_o two_o part_n to_o one_o he_o shall_v have_v two_o part_n of_o the_o rent_n and_o he_o may_v have_v a_o action_n of_o debt_n for_o the_o same_o and_o have_v judgement_n to_o recover_v hill_n 42_o eliz._n rot._n 108._o in_o the_o common-plea_n ewer_n and_o moil_n case_n the_o devisee_fw-mi of_o the_o reversion_n of_o part_n shall_v avow_v for_o part_n of_o the_o rent_n and_o such_o avowry_n shall_v be_v good_a and_o maintainable_a note_v well_o these_o case_n and_o judgement_n for_o they_o be_v give_v upon_o great_a reason_n and_o consideration_n for_o otherwise_o great_a inconvenience_n will_v ensue_v if_o by_o severance_n of_o part_n of_o the_o reversion_n the_o entire_a rent_n shall_v be_v lose_v and_o the_o opinion_n report_v by_o sergeant_n bendloes_n in_o hill_n 6_o and_o 7_o e._n 6._o to_o the_o contrary_a nihil_fw-la valet_fw-la scil_n that_o the_o rent_n in_o such_o case_n shall_v be_v lose_v because_o that_o no_o contract_n can_v be_v apportion_v which_o be_v not_o law_n for_o 1._o a_o rent_n reserve_v upon_o a_o lease_n for_o year_n be_v more_o than_o a_o contract_n for_o it_o be_v a_o rent-service_n 2._o it_o be_v incident_a to_o the_o reversion_n which_o be_v severable_a 3._o upon_o recovery_n of_o part_n in_o waste_n or_o upon_o entry_n in_o part_n for_o a_o forfeiture_n or_o upon_o surrender_n of_o part_n the_o rent_n be_v apportionable_a 25._o note_v it_o be_v adjudge_v 19_o eliz._n in_o the_o kings-bench_n that_o where_o one_o obtain_v a_o prohibition_n upon_o prescription_n de_fw-fr modo_fw-la decimandi_fw-la by_o payment_n of_o a_o certain_a sum_n of_o money_n at_o a_o certain_a day_n upon_o which_o issue_n be_v take_v and_o the_o jury_n find_v the_o modus_fw-la decimandi_fw-la by_o payment_n of_o the_o say_a sum_n but_o that_o it_o have_v be_v pay_v at_o another_o day_n and_o the_o case_n be_v well_o debate_v and_o at_o the_o last_o it_o be_v resolve_v that_o no_o consultation_n shall_v be_v grant_v for_o although_o that_o the_o day_n of_o payment_n be_v mistake_v yet_o it_o appear_v to_o the_o court_n that_o no_o tithe_n in_o kind_n be_v due_a for_o which_o the_o suit_n be_v in_o the_o spiritual_a court_n and_o the_o trial_n of_o the_o custom_n de_fw-fr modo_fw-la decimandi_fw-la belong_v to_o the_o common_a law_n and_o a_o consultation_n shall_v not_o be_v grant_v where_o the_o spiritual_a court_n have_v not_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o cause_n tanfield_n chief_a baron_n have_v the_o report_n of_o this_o case_n xxv_o mich._n 7_o jacobi_n regis_fw-la in_o a_o ejectione_n firmae_fw-la the_o writ_n and_o declaration_n be_v of_o two_o part_n of_o
curia_fw-la nostra_fw-la &_o non_fw-la alibi_fw-la tractari_fw-la sicut_fw-la predict_v est_fw-la cedere_fw-la poterit_fw-la attentetis_fw-la sive_fw-la attentim_fw-la faciatis_fw-la quovismodo_fw-la by_o which_o also_o it_o appear_v that_o tithe_n may_v be_v discharge_v and_o that_o the_o matter_n of_o discharge_n ought_v to_o be_v determine_v by_o the_o common_a law_n and_o not_o in_o the_o spiritual_a court_n and_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o in_o the_o say_a judgement_n nor_o in_o the_o register_n any_o averment_n be_v take_v of_o the_o value_n of_o the_o thing_n give_v in_o satisfaction_n of_o the_o tithe_n also_o by_o the_o act_n of_o circumspect_a agatis_fw-la make_v 13_o e._n 1._o it_o be_v say_v s._n rector_n petat_fw-la versus_fw-la parochianos_fw-la oblationes_fw-la &_o decimas_fw-la debitas_fw-la seu_fw-la consuetas_fw-la etc._n etc._n which_o prove_v that_o there_o be_v tithe_n due_a in_o kind_n and_o other_o tithe_n due_a by_o custom_n as_o a_o modus_fw-la decimandi_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o yet_o it_o be_v resolve_v in_o 19_o e._n 3._o jurisdiction_n 28._o that_o the_o ordinance_n of_o circumspect_a agatis_fw-la be_v not_o a_o statute_n and_o that_o the_o prelate_n make_v the_o same_o and_o yet_o then_o the_o prelate_n acknowledge_v that_o there_o be_v tithe_n due_a by_o custom_n which_o be_v a_o modus_fw-la decimandi_fw-la by_o which_o it_o appear_v also_o that_o tithe_n by_o custom_n may_v be_v alter_v into_o another_o thing_n so_o where_o a_o man_n grant_v a_o parcel_n of_o his_o manor_n to_o a_o parson_n in_o fee_n to_o be_v quit_v of_o tithe_n and_o make_v a_o indenture_n and_o the_o parson_n with_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o ordinary_a without_o the_o patron_n grant_v to_o he_o that_o he_o shall_v be_v quit_v of_o tithe_n of_o his_o manor_n for_o that_o parcel_n of_o land_n afterward_o if_o he_o or_o his_o assignee_n be_v sue_v in_o the_o spiritual_a court_n for_o tithe_n of_o his_o manor_n he_o or_o his_o assignee_n shall_v have_v a_o prohibition_n upon_o that_o deed._n and_o if_o that_o deed_n be_v make_v before_o time_n of_o memory_n and_o he_o have_v so_o continue_v to_o be_v quit_v of_o tithe_n he_o shall_v have_v a_o prohibition_n upon_o that_o deed_n if_o he_o be_v sue_v for_o the_o tithe_n of_o that_o manor_n or_o of_o any_o parcel_n of_o the_o same_o upon_o that_o matter_n show_v see_v 8_o e._n 4._o 14._o f._n n._n b._n 41._o g._n vi_o 3._o e._n 3._o 17._o 16_o e._n 3._o t._n annuity_n 24._o 40_o e._n 3._o 3._o b._n and_o f._n n._n b._n 152._o and_o therefore_o if_o the_o lord_n of_o a_o manor_n have_v always_o hold_v his_o manor_n discharge_v of_o tithe_n and_o the_o parson_n have_v before_o time_n of_o memory_n or_o in_o ancient_a time_n divers_a land_n in_o the_o same_o parish_n of_o the_o gift_n of_o the_o lord_n of_o which_o the_o parson_n be_v seize_v at_o this_o day_n in_o fee_n in_o respect_n of_o which_o the_o parson_n nor_o any_o of_o his_o predecessor_n ever_o have_v receive_v any_o tithe_n of_o the_o say_a manor_n if_o the_o parson_n now_o sue_v for_o tithe_n of_o the_o manor_n the_o owner_n of_o the_o manor_n may_v show_v that_o special_a matter_n and_o that_o the_o parson_n and_o his_o successor_n time_n out_o of_o mind_n have_v hold_v those_o land_n etc._n etc._n of_o the_o gift_n of_o one_o who_o be_v lord_n of_o the_o say_a manor_n in_o full_a satisfaction_n of_o the_o tithe_n of_o the_o say_a manor_n and_o the_o proof_n that_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o manor_n give_v the_o land_n that_o tithe_n shall_v never_o be_v pay_v at_o this_o day_n be_v good_a evidence_n to_o prove_v the_o surmise_n of_o the_o prohibition_n and_o so_o of_o the_o like_a and_o 19_o e._n 3._o t._n jurisdiction_n 28._o it_o be_v adjudge_v that_o title_n of_o prescription_n shall_v be_v determine_v in_o the_o king_n court_n and_o therefore_o a_o modus_fw-la decimandi_fw-la which_o accru_v by_o custom_n and_o prescription_n in_o the_o king_n court_n and_o it_o appear_v by_o the_o statute_n of_o 6_o h._n 4._o cap._n 6._o that_o the_o pope_n by_o his_o bull_n discharge_v divers_a from_o payment_n of_o tithe_n against_o which_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n be_v make_v and_o by_o the_o statute_n of_o 31_o h._n 8._o cap._n 13._o that_o the_o possession_n of_o religious_a person_n give_v to_o the_o king_n be_v discharge_v of_o payment_n of_o tithe_n in_o certain_a case_n and_o by_o the_o statute_n of_o 32_o h._n 8._o cap._n 7._o it_o be_v provide_v that_o all_o and_o singular_a person_n shall_v divide_v set_v out_o yield_v and_o pay_v all_o and_o singular_a tithe_n and_o offering_n aforesaid_a according_a to_o the_o lawful_a custom_n and_o usage_n of_o the_o parish_n and_o place_n where_o such_o tithe_n or_o duty_n shall_v come_v or_o immediate_o arise_v or_o be_v due_a provide_v always_o and_o be_v it_o enact_v that_o no_o person_n or_o person_n shall_v be_v sue_v or_o otherwise_o compel_v to_o pay_v any_o manner_n of_o tithe_n for_o any_o manor_n land_n tenement_n or_o hereditament_n which_o by_o the_o law_n or_o statute_n of_o this_o realm_n be_v discharge_v or_o not_o chargeable_a with_o the_o payment_n of_o any_o such_o tithe_n and_o the_o statute_n of_o 2_o e._n 6._o cap._n 13._o enact_n that_o every_o of_o the_o king_n subject_n shall_v from_o henceforth_o justify_v and_o true_o without_o fraud_n or_o guile_n divide_v set_v out_o etc._n etc._n all_o manner_n of_o their_o prediall_a tithe_n in_o their_o proper_a kind_n as_o they_o will_v rise_v and_o happen_v in_o such_o manner_n and_o form_n as_o have_v be_v of_o right_n yield_v and_o pay_v within_o forty_o year_n next_o before_o the_o make_n of_o this_o act_n or_o of_o right_n or_o custom_n ought_v to_o be_v pay_v so_o as_o it_o appear_v by_o this_o that_o tithe_n be_v due_a of_o right_n and_o by_o custom_n and_o also_o in_o the_o same_o act_n there_o be_v a_o proviso_n in_o these_o word_n provide_v always_o and_o be_v it_o enact_v that_o no_o person_n shall_v be_v sue_v or_o otherwise_o compel_v to_o yield_v give_v or_o pay_v any_o manner_n of_o tithe_n for_o any_o manor_n land_n tenement_n or_o hereditament_n which_o by_o the_o law_n and_o statute_n of_o this_o realm_n or_o by_o any_o privilege_n or_o prescription_n be_v not_o chargeable_a with_o the_o payment_n of_o any_o such_o tithe_n or_o that_o he_o discharge_v by_o any_o composition_n real_a so_o as_o it_o appear_v by_o that_o act_n that_o one_o may_v be_v discharge_v from_o the_o payment_n of_o tithe_n five_o manner_n of_o way_n 1._o by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o realm_n that_o be_v the_o common_a law_n as_o tithe_n shall_v not_o be_v pay_v of_o coal_n quarry_n brick_n tile_n etc._n etc._n f._n n._n b_o 53._o and_o register_n 54_o nor_n of_o the_o after_o pasture_n of_o a_o meadow_n etc._n etc._n nor_o of_o raking_n nor_o of_o wood_n to_o make_v pale_n or_o mound_n or_o hedge_n etc._n etc._n 2._o by_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o realm_n as_o by_o the_o statute_n of_o 31_o h._n 8._o cap._n 13._o the_o statute_n of_o 45_o e._n 3._o etc._n etc._n 3._o by_o privilege_n as_o those_o of_o s._n john_n of_o jerusalem_n in_o england_n the_o cistertian_n temptor_n etc._n etc._n as_o it_o appear_v by_o 10_o h._n 7._o 277._o dyer_n 4._o by_o prescription_n as_o by_o modus_fw-la decimandi_fw-la or_o a_o annual_a recompense_n in_o satisfaction_n of_o they_o as_o appeareth_z before_o by_o the_o authority_n aforesaid_a 5._o by_o real_a composition_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o say_v write_v cite_v out_o of_o the_o register_n and_o so_o you_o have_v one_o or_o two_o example_n for_o many_o other_o which_o may_v be_v add_v of_o these_o five_o manner_n of_o discharge_v of_o tithe_n and_o by_o they_o all_o it_o appear_v that_o a_o man_n may_v be_v discharge_v of_o the_o payment_n of_o tithe_n as_o before_o be_v say_v so_o as_o now_o it_o apparent_o appear_v by_o the_o law_n of_o england_n both_o ancient_a and_o modern_a that_o a_o layman_n ought_v prescribe_v in_o modo_fw-la decimandi_fw-la but_o not_o in_o non_fw-la decimando_fw-la and_o that_o in_o effect_n agree_v with_o the_o opinion_n of_o thomas_n aquinas_n in_o his_o secunda_fw-la secundae_fw-la quaest_n 86._o be_v ultimo_fw-la for_o there_o he_o say_v quod_fw-la in_o veteri_fw-la lege_fw-la praeceptum_fw-la de_fw-la solutione_n decimarum_fw-la partim_fw-la erat_fw-la morali_fw-la inditum_fw-la ratione_fw-la naturali_fw-la quae_fw-la dictat_fw-la quod_fw-la iis_fw-la qui_fw-la divino_fw-la cultui_fw-la ministrant_fw-la ad_fw-la salutem_fw-la totius_fw-la populi_fw-la necessaria_fw-la victui_fw-la debent_fw-la ministr_n juxta_fw-la illud_fw-la 1_o cor._n 9_o quis_fw-la militat_fw-la etc._n etc._n who_o go_v to_o war_n at_o his_o own_o charge_n etc._n etc._n partim_fw-la autem_fw-la erat_fw-la judiciale_a ex_fw-la divina_fw-la institutione_n robur_fw-la habens_fw-la scil_n quantum_fw-la ad_fw-la determinationem_fw-la certae_fw-la partis_fw-la and_o all_o that_o
not_o of_o tithe_n sever_v from_o the_o nine_o part_n for_o that_o shall_v be_v in_o case_n of_o a_o praemunire_n and_o it_o appear_v to_o the_o common_a law_n see_v 16_o h._n 2._o in_o the_o case_n of_o mortuary_n vide_fw-la decretalia_fw-la sexti_fw-la lib._n 3._o tit_n de_fw-fr decimis_fw-la cap._n 1._o foe_n 130._o col._n 4._o et_fw-la summa_fw-la angelica_n foe_n 72._o the_o same_o and_o that_o also_o appear_v by_o linwood_n among_o the_o constitution_n simonis_n mephum_fw-la do_fw-mi de_fw-fr decimis_fw-la cap._n quoniam_fw-la propter_fw-la foe_fw-mi 139._o 6._o verbo_fw-la consuetudines_fw-la consuetudo_fw-la ut_fw-la non_fw-la solvantur_fw-la aut_fw-la minus_fw-la plene_fw-la solvantur_fw-la decimae_fw-la non_fw-la valet_fw-la and_o ibidem_fw-la secundum_fw-la alios_fw-la quod_fw-la in_o decimis_fw-la realibus_fw-la non_fw-la valet_fw-la consuetudo_fw-la ut_fw-la solvatur_fw-la minus_fw-la decima_fw-la parte_fw-la sed_fw-la in_o personalibus_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o ibidem_fw-la litt._n m._n verbo_fw-la integre_n faciunt_fw-la express_v contra_fw-la opinionem_fw-la quorundum_fw-la theologorum_fw-la qui_fw-la dicunt_fw-la sufficere_fw-la aliquid_fw-la dari_fw-la pro_fw-la decima_fw-la and_o that_o be_v the_o true_a reason_n in_o both_o the_o say_a case_n scil_n de_fw-fr modo_fw-la decimandi_fw-la &_o de_fw-fr limitibus_fw-la parochiorum_fw-la etc._n etc._n that_o they_o will_v not_o adjudge_v according_a to_o their_o canon_n and_o therefore_o a_o prohibition_n lie_v and_o therewith_o agree_v 8_o e._n 4._o 14._o and_o the_o other_o boók_v abovesaid_a and_o infinite_a precedent_n and_o the_o rather_o after_o the_o statute_n of_o 2_o e._n 6._o cap._n 13._o and_o also_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o realm_n be_v part_n of_o the_o law_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o therefore_o they_o shall_v be_v try_v by_o the_o common_a law_n as_o be_v aforesaid_a see_v 7_o e._n 6._o dyer_n 79._o and_o 18_o eliz._n dyer_n 349._o the_o opinion_n of_o all_o the_o justice_n vi_o mich._n 6_o jacob._n in_o the_o exchequer_n baron_n and_o boys_n case_n in_o the_o case_n between_o baron_n and_o boy_n in_o a_o information_n upon_o the_o engrosser_n sur_fw-fr stat._n 2_o e._n 6._o cap._n 14._o of_o engrosser_n statute_n of_o 5_o e._n 6._o cap._n 14._o of_o engrosser_n after_o verdict_n it_o be_v find_v for_o the_o informer_n that_o the_o defendant_n have_v ingross_v apple_n against_o the_o say_a act_n the_o baron_n of_o the_o exchequer_n hold_v clear_o that_o apple_n be_v not_o within_o the_o say_a act_n and_o give_v judgement_n against_o the_o informer_n upon_o the_o matter_n apparent_a to_o they_o and_o cause_v the_o same_o to_o be_v enter_v in_o the_o margin_n of_o the_o record_n where_o the_o judgement_n be_v give_v and_o the_o informer_n bring_v a_o writ_n of_o error_n in_o the_o exchequer_n chamber_n and_o the_o only_a question_n be_v whether_o apple_n be_v within_o the_o say_a act_n the_o letter_n of_o which_o be_v that_o whatsoever_o person_n or_o person_n etc._n etc._n shall_v engross_v or_o get_v into_o he_o or_o their_o hand_n by_o buy_v contract_a or_o promise_n take_v other_o then_o by_o demise_n grant_v or_o lease_n of_o land_n or_o tithe_n any_o corn_n grow_v in_o the_o field_n or_o any_o other_o corn_n or_o grain_n butter_n cheese_n fish_n or_o other_o dead_a victual_n within_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n to_o the_o intent_n to_o sell_v the_o same_o again_o shall_v be_v accept_v etc._n etc._n a_o unlawful_a engrosser_n and_o although_o that_o the_o statute_n of_o 2_o e._n 6._o cap._n 15._o make_v against_o seller_n of_o victual_n which_o for_o their_o great_a gain_n conspire_v etc._n etc._n number_v butcher_n brewer_n baker_n cook_n costermonger_n and_o fruterer_n as_o victualler_n yet_o apple_n be_v not_o dead_a victual_n within_o the_o statute_n of_o 5_o e._n 6._o for_o the_o buyer_n and_o seller_n of_o corn_n and_o other_o victual_n have_v divers_a prouiso_n and_o qualification_n for_o they_o as_o it_o appear_v by_o the_o say_a act_n but_o costermonger_n and_o fruterer_n have_v not_o any_o proviso_n for_o they_o also_o always_o after_o the_o say_a act_n they_o have_v buy_v apple_n and_o other_o fruit_n by_o engross_v and_o sell_v they_o again_o and_o before_o this_o time_n no_o information_n be_v exhibit_v for_o they_o no_o more_o then_o for_o plum_n or_o other_o fruit_n which_o serve_v more_o for_o delicacy_n then_o for_o necessary_a food_n but_o the_o statute_n of_o 5_o e._n 6._o be_v to_o be_v intend_v of_o thing_n necessary_a and_o of_o common_a use_n for_o the_o sustenance_n of_o man_n and_o therefore_o the_o word_n be_v corn_n grain_n butter_n cheese_n or_o other_o dead_a victual_n which_o be_v as_o much_o to_o say_v as_o victual_v of_o like_a quality_n that_o be_v of_o like_a necessary_a and_o common_a use_n but_o the_o statute_n of_o 2_o e._n 6._o cap._n 15._o make_v against_o conspiracy_n to_o enhance_v the_o price_n be_v do_v and_o make_v by_o express_a word_n to_o extend_v it_o to_o thing_n which_o be_v more_o of_o pleasure_n then_o of_o profit_n so_o it_o be_v say_v that_o of_o those_o fruit_n a_o man_n can_v be_v a_o forestall_a within_o this_o act_n of_o 5_o e._n 6._o for_o in_o the_o same_o branch_n the_o word_n be_v any_o merchandise_n victual_n or_o any_o other_o thing_n but_o this_o be_v not_o resolve_v by_o the_o justice_n because_o that_o the_o information_n be_v conceive_v upon_o that_o branch_n of_o the_o statute_n concern_v engrosser_n vii_o hill_n 27_o eliz._n in_o the_o chancery_n hillary_n term_n the_o 27_o of_o eliz._n in_o the_o chancery_n the_o case_n be_v thus_o one_o ninian_n menvil_n seize_v of_o certain_a land_n in_o fee_n take_v a_o wife_n relation_n fine_a dower_n relation_n and_o levy_v a_o fine_a of_o the_o say_a land_n with_o proclamation_n and_o afterward_o be_v indict_v and_o outlawed_a of_o high_a treason_n and_o die_v the_o conusee_v convey_v the_o land_n to_o the_o queen_n who_o be_v now_o seize_v the_o five_o year_n pass_v after_o the_o death_n of_o the_o husband_n the_o daughter_n and_o heir_n of_o the_o say_v ninian_n in_o a_o writ_n of_o error_n in_o the_o king_n bench_n reverse_v the_o say_a attainder_n m._n 26_o and_o 27_o eliz._n last_o past_o and_o thereupon_o the_o wife_n sue_v to_o the_o queen_n who_o be_v seize_v of_o the_o say_a land_n as_o aforesaid_a by_o petition_n contain_v all_o the_o special_a matter_n scil_n the_o fine_a with_o proclamation_n and_o the_o five_o year_n pass_v after_o the_o death_n of_o her_o husband_n the_o attainder_n and_o the_o reversal_a of_o it_o and_o her_o own_o title_n scil_n her_o marriage_n and_o the_o seisin_n of_o her_o husband_n before_o the_o fine_a and_o the_o petition_n be_v endorse_v by_o the_o queen_n fiat_n droit_fw-fr aux_fw-fr party_n etc._n etc._n the_o same_o be_v send_v into_o the_o chancery_n as_o the_o manner_n be_v and_o in_o this_o case_n divers_a objection_n be_v make_v against_o the_o demandant_n 1._o that_o the_o say_v fine_a with_o proclamation_n shall_v bar_v the_o wife_n of_o her_o dower_n and_o the_o attainder_n of_o her_o husband_n shall_v not_o help_v she_o for_o as_o long_o as_o the_o attainder_n do_v remain_v in_o force_n the_o same_o be_v a_o bar_n also_o of_o her_o dower_n so_o as_o there_o be_v a_o double_a bar_n to_o the_o wife_n viz._n the_o fine_a levy_v with_o proclamation_n and_o the_o five_o year_n pass_v after_o the_o death_n of_o her_o husband_n and_o the_o attainder_n of_o her_o husband_n of_o his_o treason_n but_o admit_v that_o the_o attainder_n of_o the_o husband_n shall_v avail_v the_o wife_n in_o some_o manner_n when_o the_o same_o be_v now_o reverse_v in_o a_o writ_n of_o error_n and_o now_o upon_o the_o matter_n be_v in_o judgement_n of_o law_n as_o if_o no_o attainder_n have_v be_v and_o against_o that_o a_o man_n may_v plead_v that_o there_o be_v no_o such_o record_n because_o that_o the_o first_o record_n be_v reverse_v and_o utter_o disaffirm_v and_o annihilate_v and_o now_o by_o relation_n make_v no_o record_n ab_fw-la initio_fw-la and_o therewith_o agree_v the_o book_n of_o 4_o h._n 7._o 11._o for_o the_o word_n of_o the_o judgement_n in_o a_o writ_n of_o error_n be_v quod_fw-la judicium_fw-la predict_v &_o errores_fw-la predict_v &_o alios_fw-la in_o recordo_fw-la etc._n etc._n revocetur_fw-la &_o admittetur_fw-la etc._n etc._n &_o quod_fw-la ipsa_fw-la ad_fw-la possessionem_fw-la svam_fw-la sive_fw-la seisinam_fw-la svam_fw-la as_o the_o case_n require_v tenementorum_fw-la suorum_fw-la praedictorum_fw-la una_fw-la cum_fw-la exitibus_fw-la &_o proficuis_fw-la inde_fw-la a_o tempore_fw-la judicii_fw-la predict_v reddit_fw-la precept_n &_o ad_fw-la omne_fw-la quae_fw-la occasione_n judicii_fw-la illius_fw-la omisit_fw-la restituatur_fw-la by_o which_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o first_o judgement_n which_o be_v original_o imperfect_a and_o erroneous_a be_v for_o the_o same_o error_n now_o adnul_v and_o revoke_v ab_fw-la initio_fw-la and_o the_o party_n against_o who_o the_o judgement_n be_v give_v restore_v to_o his_o possession_n and_o to_o
all_o the_o mean_a profit_n from_o the_o time_n of_o the_o erroneous_a judgement_n give_v until_o the_o judgement_n in_o the_o writ_n of_o error_n so_o as_o the_o reversal_n have_v a_o retrospect_n to_o the_o first_o judgement_n as_o if_o no_o judgement_n have_v be_v give_v and_o therefore_o the_o case_n in_o 4_o h._n 7._o 10._o b._n the_o case_n be_v a._n seize_v of_o land_n in_o fee_n be_v attaint_v of_o high_a treason_n and_o the_o king_n grant_v the_o land_n to_o b._n and_o afterward_o a._n commit_v trespass_n upon_o the_o land_n and_o afterward_o by_o parliament_n a._n be_v restore_v and_o the_o attainder_n make_v void_a as_o if_o no_o act_n have_v be_v and_o shall_v be_v as_o available_a and_o ample_a to_o a._n as_o if_o no_o attainder_n have_v be_v and_o afterward_o b._n bring_v trespass_n for_o the_o trespass_n mesue_n and_o it_o be_v adjudge_v in_o 10_o h._n 7._o foe_n 22._o b._n that_o the_o action_n of_o trespass_n be_v not_o maintainable_a because_o that_o the_o attainder_n be_v disaffirm_v and_o annul_v ab_fw-la initio_fw-la and_o in_o 4_o h._n 7._o 10._o it_o be_v hold_v that_o after_o a_o judgement_n reverse_v in_o a_o writ_n of_o error_n he_o who_o recover_v the_o land_n by_o erroneous_a judgement_n shall_v not_o have_v a_o action_n of_o trespass_n for_o a_o trespass_n mean_a which_o be_v say_v be_v all_o one_o with_o the_o principal_a case_n in_o 4_o h._n 7._o 10._o and_o divers_a other_o case_n be_v put_v upon_o the_o same_o ground_n it_o be_v second_o object_v that_o the_o wife_n can_v not_o have_v a_o petition_n because_o there_o be_v not_o any_o office_n by_o which_o her_o title_n of_o dower_n be_v find_v scil_n her_o marriage_n the_o seisin_n of_o her_o husband_n and_o death_n for_o it_o be_v say_v that_o although_o she_o be_v marry_v yet_o if_o her_o husband_n be_v not_o seize_v after_o the_o age_n that_o she_o be_v dowable_a she_o shall_v not_o have_v dower_n as_o if_o a_o man_n seize_v of_o land_n in_o fee_n take_v to_o wife_n a_o woman_n of_o eight_o year_n and_o afterward_o before_o her_o age_n of_o nine_o year_n the_o husband_n alien_v the_o land_n in_o fee_n and_o afterward_o the_o woman_n attain_v to_o the_o age_n of_o nine_o year_n and_o the_o husband_n die_v it_o be_v say_v that_o the_o woman_n shall_v not_o be_v endow_v and_o that_o the_o title_n of_o he_o who_o sue_v by_o petition_n ought_v to_o be_v find_v by_o office_n appear_v by_o the_o book_n in_o 11_o h._n 4._o 52._o 29_o ass_n 31._o 30_o ass_n 28._o 46_o e._n 3._o breed_v 618._o 9_o h._n 7._o 24._o etc._n etc._n as_o to_o the_o first_o objection_n it_o be_v resolve_v that_o the_o wife_n shall_v be_v endow_v and_o that_o the_o fine_a with_o proclamation_n be_v not_o a_o bar_n unto_o she_o and_o yet_o it_o be_v resolve_v that_o the_o act_n of_o 4_o h._n 7._o cap._n 24._o shall_v bar_v a_o woman_n of_o her_o dower_n by_o a_o fine_a levy_v by_o her_o husband_n with_o proclamation_n if_o the_o woman_n do_v not_o bring_v she_o write_v of_o dower_n within_o five_o year_n after_o the_o death_n of_o her_o husband_n as_o it_o be_v adjudge_v hill_n 4_o h._n 8._o rot._n 344._o in_o the_o common_a plea_n and_o 5_o eliz._n dyer_n 224._o for_o by_o the_o act_n the_o right_a and_o title_n of_o a_o feme_fw-fr covert_n be_v save_v so_o that_o she_o take_v her_o action_n within_o 5._o year_n after_o she_o become_v uncovert_a etc._n etc._n but_o it_o be_v resolve_v that_o the_o wife_n be_v not_o to_o be_v aid_v by_o that_o save_n for_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o say_a attainder_n of_o her_o husband_n of_o treason_n she_o have_v not_o any_o right_n of_o dower_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o death_n of_o her_o husband_n nor_o can_v she_o after_o the_o death_n of_o her_o husband_n bring_v a_o action_n or_o prosecute_v a_o action_n to_o recover_v her_o dower_n according_a to_o the_o direction_n and_o save_v of_o the_o say_a act_n but_o it_o be_v resolve_v that_o the_o wife_n be_v to_o be_v aid_v by_o another_o former_a save_v in_o the_o same_o act_n viz._n and_o save_v to_o all_o other_o person_n scil_n who_o be_v not_o party_n to_o the_o fine_a such_o action_n right_a title_n claym_v and_o interest_n in_o or_o to_o the_o say_a land_n etc._n etc._n as_o shall_v first_o grow_v remain_z descend_z or_o come_v to_o they_o after_o the_o say_v fine_a ingross_v and_o proclamation_n make_v by_o force_n of_o any_o gift_n in_o tail_n or_o by_o any_o other_o cause_n or_o matter_n have_v and_o make_v before_o the_o say_v fine_a levy_v so_o that_o they_o take_v their_o action_n and_o pursue_v their_o right_n and_o title_n according_a to_o the_o law_n within_o five_o year_n next_o after_o such_o action_n right_o claim_n title_n or_o interest_n to_o they_o accrue_v descend_v fall_v or_o come_v etc._n etc._n and_o in_o this_o case_n the_o action_n and_o right_n of_o dower_n accrue_v to_o the_o wife_n after_o the_o reversall_a of_o the_o attainder_n by_o reason_n of_o a_o title_n of_o record_n before_o the_o fine_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o seisin_n in_o fee_n have_v and_o the_o marriage_n make_v before_o the_o fine_a levy_v according_a to_o the_o â—â—â—ention_n and_o meaning_n of_o the_o say_v act._n and_o as_o to_o the_o say_a poâ—â—t_n of_o relation_n it_o be_v resolve_v that_o sometime_o by_o construction_n of_o law_n a_o thing_n shall_v relate_v ab_fw-la initio_fw-la to_o some_o intent_n and_o to_o some_o intent_n not_o for_o relatio_fw-la est_fw-la fictio_fw-la juris_fw-la to_o do_v a_o thing_n which_o be_v and_o have_v essence_n to_o be_v adnul_v ab_fw-la initio_fw-la betwixt_o the_o same_o party_n to_o advance_v a_o right_n or_o ut_fw-la res_fw-la magis_fw-la valeat_fw-la quam_fw-la pereat_fw-la but_o the_o law_n will_v never_o make_v such_o a_o construction_n to_o advance_v a_o wrong_n which_o the_o law_n abhor_v or_o to_o defeat_v collateral_a act_n which_o be_v lawful_a and_o principal_o if_o they_o do_v concern_v stranger_n and_o this_o appear_v in_o this_o case_n scil_n when_o a_o erroneous_a judgement_n be_v reverse_v by_o a_o writ_n of_o error_n for_o true_a it_o be_v as_o it_o have_v be_v say_v that_o as_o unto_o the_o mean_a profit_n the_o same_o shall_v have_v relation_n by_o construction_n of_o law_n until_o the_o time_n of_o the_o first_o judgement_n give_v and_o that_o be_v to_o favour_v justice_n and_o to_o advance_v the_o right_n of_o he_o who_o have_v wrong_a by_o the_o erroneous_a judgement_n but_o if_o any_o stranger_n have_v do_v a_o trespass_n upon_o the_o land_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n he_o who_o recover_v after_o the_o reversall_a shall_v have_v a_o action_n of_o trespass_n against_o the_o trespassor_n and_o if_o the_o defendant_n plead_v that_o there_o be_v no_o such_o record_n the_o plaintiff_n shall_v show_v the_o special_a matter_n and_o shall_v maintain_v his_o action_n so_o as_o unto_o the_o trespassor_n who_o be_v wrong_a doer_n the_o law_n shall_v not_o make_v any_o construction_n by_o way_n of_o relation_n ab_fw-la initio_fw-la to_o excuse_v they_o for_o then_o the_o law_n by_o a_o fiction_n and_o construction_n shall_v do_v wrong_a to_o he_o who_o recover_v by_o the_o first_o judgement_n and_o for_o the_o better_a apprehend_v of_o the_o law_n on_o this_o point_n it_o be_v to_o know_v that_o when_o any_o man_n recover_v any_o possession_n or_o seisin_n of_o land_n in_o any_o action_n by_o erroneous_a judgement_n and_o afterward_o the_o judgement_n be_v reverse_v as_o be_v say_v before_o and_o upon_o that_o the_o plaintiff_n in_o the_o writ_n of_o error_n shall_v have_v a_o writ_n of_o restitution_n and_o that_o writ_n recite_v the_o first_o recovery_n and_o the_o reversall_a of_o it_o in_o the_o writ_n of_o error_n be_v that_o the_o plaintiff_n in_o the_o writ_n of_o error_n shall_v be_v restore_v to_o his_o possession_n and_o seisin_n una_fw-la cum_fw-la exitibus_fw-la thereof_o from_o the_o time_n of_o the_o judgement_n etc._n etc._n tibi_fw-la praecipimus_fw-la quod_fw-la eadem_fw-la a._n ad_fw-la plenariam_fw-la seisinam_fw-la tenementorum_fw-la predict_v cum_fw-la pertinentiis_fw-la sine_fw-la dilatione_fw-la restitui_fw-la facias_fw-la &_o per_fw-la sacramentum_fw-la proborum_fw-la &_o legalium_fw-la hominum_fw-la de_fw-la com._n svo_fw-la diligenter_n inquire_v ad_fw-la quantum_fw-la exitus_fw-la &_o proficua_fw-la tenementorum_fw-la illorum_fw-la cum_fw-la pertinentiis_fw-la a_o tempore_fw-la falsi_fw-la judicii_fw-la predict_v reddit_fw-la usque_fw-la ad_fw-la oct._n sanct._n mich._n anno_fw-la etc._n etc._n quo_fw-la die_fw-la judcium_fw-la illud_fw-la per_fw-la praefat_fw-la justiciar_a nostros_fw-la revocat_fw-la fuit_fw-la se_fw-la attingunt_fw-la juxta_fw-la verum_fw-la valorem_fw-la eorundem_fw-la eadem_fw-la exitus_fw-la &_o proficua_fw-la de_fw-la terris_fw-la &_o catallis_fw-la predict_v b._n in_o baliva_fw-la tua_fw-la fieri_fw-la facias_fw-la &_o denarios_fw-la inde_fw-la praefato_fw-la a._n pro_fw-la exitibus_fw-la et_fw-la proficuis_fw-la
the_o plea_n for_o the_o same_o be_v no_o part_n of_o the_o suggestion_n which_o only_o be_v the_o substance_n of_o the_o plea_n and_o therefore_o the_o modus_fw-la decimandi_fw-la be_v prove_v by_o two_o witness_n according_a to_o the_o statute_n of_o 2_o e._n 6._o cap._n 13._o and_o not_o the_o refusal_n which_o prove_v that_o the_o modus_fw-la decimandi_fw-la be_v only_a the_o matter_n of_o the_o suggestion_n and_o not_o the_o refusal_n 5._o all_o the_o say_v five_o matter_n of_o discharge_n of_o tithe_n mention_v in_o the_o say_a branch_n of_o the_o act_n of_o 2_o e._n 6._o be_v contain_v within_o a_o suggestion_n aught_o to_o be_v prove_v by_o two_o witness_n and_o so_o have_v be_v always_o from_o the_o time_n of_o the_o make_n of_o the_o say_a act_n and_o therefore_o the_o statute_n of_o 2_o e._n 6._o clear_o intend_v that_o prohibition_n shall_v be_v grant_v in_o such_o cause_n 6._o although_o that_o they_o will_v allow_v bona_fw-la fide_fw-la de_fw-la modo_fw-la decimandi_fw-la without_o refusal_n yet_o if_o the_o parson_n sue_v there_o for_o tithe_n in_o kind_n when_o the_o modus_fw-la be_v prove_v the_o same_o be_v express_o prohibit_v by_o the_o act_n of_o 2_o e._n 6._o a_o prohibition_n lie_v although_o the_o modus_fw-la be_v spiritual_fw-la as_o appear_v by_o the_o say_a book_n of_o 4_o e._n 4._o 37._o and_o other_o the_o case_n aforesaid_a and_o afterward_o in_o the_o three_o day_n of_o debate_n of_o this_o case_n before_o his_o gracious_a majesty_n dr._n bennet_n and_o dr._n martin_n have_v reserve_v divers_a consultation_n grant_v in_o causa_fw-la modi_n decimandi_fw-la think_v that_o those_o will_v make_v a_o great_a impression_n in_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o king_n and_o thereupon_o they_o say_v that_o consultation_n be_v the_o judgement_n of_o court_n have_v upon_o deliberation_n whereas_o prohibition_n be_v only_o grant_v upon_o surmise_n and_o they_o show_v four_o precedent_n one_o where_o three_o joint_o sue_v a_o prohibition_n in_o the_o case_n of_o modo_fw-la decimandi_fw-la and_o the_o consultation_n say_v pro_fw-la eo_fw-la quod_fw-la suggestio_fw-la materiaque_fw-la in_o eodem_fw-la contenta_fw-la minus_fw-la sufficiens_fw-la in_o lege_fw-la existit_fw-la etc._n etc._n 2._o another_o in_o causa_fw-la modo_fw-la decimandi_fw-la to_o be_v pay_v to_o the_o parson_n or_o vicar_n 3._o where_o the_o parson_n sue_v for_o tithe_n in_o kind_n and_o the_o defendant_n allege_v modus_fw-la decimandi_fw-la to_o be_v pay_v to_o the_o vicar_n the_o four_o where_o the_o parson_n libel_v for_o tithe_n wool_n and_o the_o defendant_n allege_v a_o custom_n to_o reap_v corn_n and_o to_o make_v it_o into_o sheaf_n and_o to_o set_v forth_o the_o ten_o sheaf_n at_o his_o charge_n and_o likewise_o of_o hay_n to_o sever_v it_o from_o the_o nine_o cock_n at_o his_o charge_n in_o full_a satisfaction_n of_o the_o tithe_n of_o the_o corn_n hay_o and_o wool_n to_o which_o i_o answer_v and_o humble_o desire_v the_o king_n majesty_n to_o observe_v that_o these_o have_v be_v reserve_v for_o the_o last_o and_o centre_n point_n of_o their_o proof_n and_o by_o they_o your_o majesty_n shall_v observe_v these_o thing_n 1._o that_o the_o king_n court_n do_v they_o justice_n when_o with_o their_o conscience_n and_o oath_n they_o can_v 2._o that_o all_o the_o say_a case_n be_v clear_a in_o the_o judgement_n of_o those_o who_o be_v learn_v in_o the_o law_n that_o consultation_n ought_v by_o the_o law_n to_o be_v grant_v for_o as_o unto_o the_o first_o precedent_n the_o case_n upon_o their_o own_o show_v appear_v to_o be_v three_o person_n join_v in_o one_o prohibition_n for_o three_o several_a parcel_n of_o land_n each_o of_o which_o have_v a_o several_a manner_n of_o tything_n and_o for_o that_o cause_n they_o can_v not_o join_v when_o their_o interest_n be_v several_a and_o therefore_o a_o consultation_n be_v grant_v as_o to_o the_o second_o precedent_n the_o manner_n of_o tything_n be_v allege_v to_o be_v pay_v to_o the_o parson_n or_o vicar_n which_o be_v altogether_o uncertain_a as_o to_o the_o three_o precedent_n the_o modus_fw-la never_n come_v in_o debate_n but_o whether_o the_o tithe_n do_v belong_v to_o the_o parson_n or_o vicar_n which_o be_v betwixt_o two_o spiritual_a person_n the_o ecclesiastical_a court_n shall_v have_v jurisdiction_n and_o therewith_o agree_v 38_o e._n 3._o 6._o cite_v before_o by_o bacon_n and_o also_o there_o the_o prior_n be_v of_o the_o order_n of_o the_o cistertian_n for_o if_o the_o tithe_n original_o belong_v to_o the_o parson_n any_o recompense_n for_o they_o shall_v not_o bar_v the_o parson_n as_o unto_o the_o last_o precedent_n the_o same_o be_v upon_o the_o matter_n of_o a_o custom_n of_o a_o modus_fw-la decimandi_fw-la for_o wool_n for_o to_o pay_v the_o tithe_n of_o corn_n or_o hay_n in_o kind_n in_o satisfaction_n of_o corn_n hay_o and_o wool_n can_v be_v a_o satisfaction_n for_o the_o wool_n for_o the_o other_o two_o be_v due_a of_o common_a right_n and_o all_o this_o appear_v in_o the_o consultation_n themselves_o which_o they_o show_v but_o understand_v not_o to_o which_o the_o bishop_n of_o london_n say_v that_o the_o word_n of_o the_o consultation_n be_v quod_fw-la suggestio_fw-la praedicta_fw-la materiaque_fw-la in_o eadem_fw-la contenta_fw-la minus_fw-la sufficiens_fw-la in_o lege_fw-la existet_fw-la etc._n etc._n so_o as_o materia_fw-la can_v be_v refer_v to_o form_n and_o therefore_o it_o ought_v to_o extend_v to_o the_o modus_fw-la decimandi_fw-la to_o which_o i_o answer_v that_o when_o the_o matter_n be_v insufficient_o or_o uncertain_o allege_v the_o matter_n itself_o fail_v for_o matter_n ought_v to_o be_v allege_v in_o a_o good_a sentence_n and_o although_o the_o matter_n be_v in_o truth_n sufficient_a yet_o if_o it_o be_v insufficient_o allege_v the_o plea_n want_v matter_n and_o the_o lord_n treasurer_n say_v open_o to_o they_o that_o he_o admire_v that_o they_o will_v allege_v such_o thing_n which_o make_v more_o against_o they_o then_o any_o thing_n which_o have_v be_v say_v and_o when_o the_o king_n rely_v upon_o the_o say_a prohibition_n in_o the_o register_n when_o land_n be_v give_v in_o discharge_n of_o tithe_n the_o lord_n chancellor_n say_v that_o that_o be_v not_o like_a to_o this_o case_n for_o there_o by_o the_o gift_n of_o the_o land_n in_o discharge_n of_o tithe_n the_o tithe_n be_v actual_o discharge_v but_o in_o the_o case_n de_fw-fr modo_fw-la decimandi_fw-la a_o annual_a sum_n be_v pay_v for_o the_o tithe_n and_o the_o land_n remain_v charge_v with_o the_o tithe_n but_o aught_o to_o be_v discharge_v by_o plea_n de_fw-fr modo_fw-la decimandi_fw-la all_o which_o be_v utter_o deny_v by_o i_o for_o the_o land_n be_v as_o absolute_o discharge_v of_o the_o tithe_n in_o casu_fw-la de_fw-la modo_fw-la decimandi_fw-la when_o a_o annual_a sum_n ought_v to_o be_v pay_v as_o where_o land_n be_v give_v for_o all_o the_o record_n and_o precedent_n of_o prohibition_n in_o such_o case_n be_v that_o such_o a_o sum_n have_v be_v always_o etc._n etc._n pay_v in_o plenam_fw-la contentationem_fw-la satisfactionem_fw-la &_o exonerationem_fw-la omnium_fw-la &_o singularium_fw-la decimarum_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o although_o that_o the_o sum_n be_v not_o pay_v yet_o the_o parson_n can_v sue_v for_o tithe_n in_o kind_n but_o for_o the_o money_n for_o as_o it_o have_v be_v say_v before_o the_o custom_n and_o the_o say_a act_n of_o parliament_n where_o there_o be_v a_o lawful_a manner_n of_o tything_n have_v discharge_v the_o land_n from_o tithe_n in_o kind_n and_o prohibit_v that_o no_o suit_n shall_v be_v for_o they_o and_o although_o that_o now_o as_o it_o have_v be_v say_v the_o parson_n etc._n etc._n may_v sue_v in_o the_o spiritual_a court_n pro_fw-la modo_fw-la decimandi_fw-la yet_o without_o question_n at_o the_o first_o the_o annual_a payment_n of_o money_n be_v as_o temporal_a as_o annual_a profit_n of_o land_n be_v all_o which_o the_o king_n hear_v with_o much_o patience_n and_o the_o lord_n chancellor_n answer_v not_o to_o that_o which_o i_o have_v answer_v he_o in_o etc._n etc._n and_o after_o that_o his_o most_o excellent_a majesty_n with_o all_o his_o council_n have_v for_o three_o day_n together_o hear_v the_o allegation_n on_o both_o side_n he_o say_v that_o he_o will_v maintain_v the_o law_n of_o england_n and_o that_o his_o judge_n shall_v have_v as_o great_a respect_n from_o all_o his_o subject_n as_o their_o predecessor_n have_v have_v and_o for_o the_o matter_n he_o say_v that_o for_o any_o thing_n that_o have_v be_v say_v on_o the_o part_n of_o the_o clergy_n that_o he_o be_v not_o satisfy_v and_o advise_v we_o his_o judge_n to_o confer_v among_o ourselves_o and_o that_o nothing_o be_v encroach_v upon_o the_o ecclesiastical_a jurisdiction_n and_o that_o they_o keep_v themselves_o within_o their_o lawful_a jurisdiction_n without_o unjust_a vexation_n and_o molestation_n do_v to_o his_o subject_n and_o without_o delay_n or_o hinder_v
tenement_n be_v hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o capite_fw-la for_o this_o cause_n the_o sue_n of_o the_o writ_n shall_v conclude_v the_o heir_n only_o which_o sue_v the_o livery_n and_o after_o his_o death_n the_o juror_n in_o a_o new_a writ_n of_o diem_fw-la clausit_fw-la extremum_fw-la be_v at_o large_a as_o before_o be_v say_v and_o if_o that_o jury_n find_v false_o in_o a_o tenure_n of_o the_o king_n also_o the_o lord_n of_o who_o the_o land_n be_v hold_v may_v traverse_v that_o office_n or_o if_o land_n be_v hold_v of_o the_o king_n etc._n etc._n in_o socage_n the_o heir_n may_v traverse_v the_o last_o office_n for_o by_o that_o he_o be_v grieve_v only_o and_o he_o shall_v not_o be_v drive_v to_o traverse_v the_o first_o office_n and_o when_o the_o father_n sue_v livery_n and_o die_v the_o conclusion_n be_v execute_v and_o pass_v as_o before_o be_v say_v and_o note_v that_o there_o be_v a_o special_a livery_n but_o that_o proceed_v of_o the_o grace_n of_o the_o king_n and_o be_v not_o the_o suit_n of_o the_o heir_n and_o the_o king_n may_v grant_v it_o either_o at_o full_a age_n before_o aetate_fw-la probanda_fw-la etc._n etc._n or_o to_o the_o heir_n within_o age_n as_o it_o appear_v in_o 21_o e._n 3._o 40._o and_o that_o be_v general_a and_o shall_v not_o comprehend_v any_o tenure_n as_o the_o general_a livery_n do_v and_o therefore_o it_o be_v not_o any_o estoppel_n without_o question_n and_o at_o the_o common_a law_n a_o special_a livery_n may_v have_v be_v grant_v before_o any_o office_n find_v but_o now_o by_o the_o statute_n of_o 33_o h_n 8._o cap._n 22._o it_o be_v provide_v that_o no_o person_n or_o person_n have_v land_n or_o tenement_n above_o the_o yearly_a value_n of_o 20_o l._n shall_v have_v or_o sue_v any_o livery_n before_o inquisition_n or_o office_n find_v before_o the_o escheator_n or_o other_o commission_n but_o by_o a_o express_a clause_n in_o the_o same_o act_n livery_n may_v be_v make_v of_o the_o land_n and_o tenement_n comprise_v or_o not_o comprise_v in_o such_o office_n so_o that_o if_o office_n be_v find_v of_o any_o parcel_n it_o be_v sufficient_a and_o if_o the_o land_n in_o the_o office_n do_v exceed_v 20_o l._n then_o the_o heir_n may_v sue_v a_o general_a livery_n after_o office_n thereof_o find_v as_o be_v aforesaid_a but_o if_o the_o land_n do_v not_o exceed_v 5_o l._n by_o the_o year_n than_o a_o general_a livery_n may_v be_v sue_v without_o office_n by_o warrant_n of_o the_o master_n of_o the_o ward_n etc._n etc._n see_v 23_o eliz._n dyer_n 177._o that_o the_o queen_n ex_fw-la debito_fw-la justitiae_fw-la be_v not_o bind_v at_o this_o day_n after_o the_o say_a act_n of_o 33_o h_n 8_o to_o grant_v a_o special_a livery_n but_o it_o be_v at_o her_o election_n to_o grant_v a_o special_a livery_n or_o to_o drive_v the_o heir_n to_o a_o general_a livery_n it_o be_v also_o resolve_v in_o this_o case_n that_o the_o office_n of_o 35_o h._n 8._o be_v not_o traversable_a for_o his_o own_o traverse_n shall_v prove_v that_o the_o king_n have_v cause_n to_o have_v wardship_n by_o reason_n of_o ward_n and_o when_o the_o king_n come_v to_o the_o possession_n by_o a_o false_a office_n or_o other_o mean_n upon_o a_o pretence_n of_o right_n where_o in_o truth_n he_o have_v no_o right_a if_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o king_n have_v any_o other_o right_a or_o interest_n to_o have_v the_o land_n there_o none_o shall_v traverse_v the_o office_n or_o title_n of_o the_o king_n because_o that_o the_o judgement_n in_o the_o traverse_n be_v ideo_fw-la consideratum_fw-la est_fw-la quod_fw-la manus_fw-la domini_fw-la regis_fw-la a_o possessione_n amoveantur_fw-la etc._n etc._n which_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v when_o it_o appear_v to_o the_o court_n that_o the_o king_n have_v right_a or_o interest_n to_o have_v the_o land_n and_o to_o hold_v the_o same_o according_o see_v 4_o h._n 4._o foe_n 33._o in_o the_o earl_n of_o kent_n case_n etc._n etc._n xxix_o mich._n 7_o jacobi_n regis_fw-la note_v the_o privilege_n order_n or_o custom_n of_o parliament_n either_o parliament_n parliament_n of_o the_o upper_a house_n or_o of_o the_o house_n of_o commons_o belong_v to_o the_o determination_n or_o decision_n only_o of_o the_o court_n of_o parliament_n and_o this_o appear_v by_o two_o notable_a precedent_n the_o one_o at_o the_o parliament_n hold_v in_o the_o 27_o year_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o six_o there_o be_v a_o controversy_n move_v in_o the_o upper_a house_n between_o the_o earl_n of_o arundel_n and_o of_o devonshire_n for_o their_o seat_n place_n and_o preeminence_n of_o the_o same_o to_o be_v have_v in_o the_o king_n presence_n as_o well_o in_o the_o high_a court_n of_o parliament_n as_o in_o his_o counsel_n and_o elsewhere_o the_o king_n by_o the_o advice_n of_o the_o lord_n spiritual_a and_o temporal_a commit_v the_o same_o to_o certain_a lord_n of_o parliament_n who_o for_o that_o they_o have_v not_o leisure_n to_o examine_v the_o same_o it_o please_v the_o king_n by_o the_o advice_n of_o the_o lord_n at_o his_o parliament_n in_o anno_fw-la 27_o of_o his_o reign_n that_o the_o judge_n of_o the_o land_n shall_v hear_v see_v and_o examine_v the_o title_n etc._n etc._n and_o to_o report_v what_o they_o conceive_v herein_o the_o judge_n make_v report_n as_o follow_v that_o this_o matter_n viz._n of_o honour_n and_o precedency_n between_o the_o two_o earl_n lord_n of_o parliament_n be_v a_o matter_n of_o parliament_n and_o belong_v to_o the_o king_n highness_n and_o the_o lord_n spiritual_a and_o temporal_a in_o parliament_n by_o they_o to_o be_v decide_v and_o determine_v yet_o be_v there_o so_o command_v they_o show_v what_o they_o find_v upon_o examination_n and_o their_o opinion_n thereupon_o another_o parliament_n in_o 31_o h._n 6._o which_o parliament_n begin_v the_o six_o of_o march_n and_o after_o it_o have_v continue_v sometime_o it_o be_v prorogue_v until_o the_o fourteen_o of_o february_n and_o afterward_o in_o michaelmas_n term_n anno_fw-la 31_o h._n 6._o thomas_n thorp_n the_o speaker_n of_o the_o commons_o house_n at_o the_o suit_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o buckingham_n be_v condemn_v in_o the_o exchequer_n in_o 1000_o l._n damage_n for_o a_o trespass_n do_v to_o he_o the_o 14_o of_o february_n the_o commons_o move_v in_o the_o upper_a house_n that_o their_o speaker_n may_v be_v set_v at_o liberty_n to_o exercise_v his_o place_n the_o lord_n refer_v this_o case_n to_o the_o judge_n and_o fortescue_n and_o prisoit_fw-fr the_o two_o chief_a justice_n in_o the_o name_n of_o all_o the_o judge_n after_o sad_a consideration_n and_o mature_a deliberation_n have_v among_o they_o answer_v and_o say_v that_o they_o ought_v not_o to_o answer_v to_o this_o question_n for_o it_o have_v not_o be_v use_v aforetime_o that_o the_o justice_n shall_v in_o any_o wise_a determine_v the_o privilege_n of_o this_o high_a court_n of_o parliament_n for_o it_o be_v so_o high_a and_o mighty_a in_o its_o nature_n that_o it_o may_v make_v law_n and_o that_o that_o be_v law_n it_o may_v make_v no_o law_n and_o the_o determination_n and_o knowledge_n of_o that_o privilege_n belong_v to_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o parliament_n and_o not_o to_o the_o justice_n but_o as_o for_o proceed_n in_o the_o low_a court_n in_o such_o case_n they_o deliver_v their_o opinion_n and_o in_o 12_o e._n 4._o 2._o in_o sir_n john_n paston_n case_n it_o be_v hold_v that_o every_o court_n shall_v determine_v and_o decide_v the_o privilege_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o same_o court_n etc._n etc._n xxx_o hillary_n term_n 7_o jacobi_n regis_fw-la in_o the_o star-chamber_n heyward_n and_o sir_n john_n whitbrokes_n case_n in_o the_o case_n between_o heyward_n and_o sir_n john_n whitbroke_n in_o the_o star-chamber_n the_o defendant_n be_v convict_v of_o divers_a misdemeanour_n and_o fine_a and_o imprisonment_n impose_v upon_o he_o and_o damage_n to_o the_o plaintiff_n and_o it_o be_v move_v that_o a_o special_a process_n may_v be_v make_v out_o of_o that_o court_n to_o levy_v the_o say_a damage_n upon_o the_o good_n and_o land_n of_o the_o defendant_n and_o it_o be_v refer_v to_o the_o two_o chief_a justice_n whether_o any_o such_o process_n may_v be_v make_v who_o this_o term_n move_v the_o case_n to_o the_o chief_a baron_n and_o to_o the_o other_o judge_n and_o baron_n and_o it_o be_v unanimous_o resolve_v by_o they_o that_o no_o such_o process_n can_v or_o ought_v to_o be_v make_v neither_o for_o the_o damage_n nor_o for_o the_o cost_v give_v to_o the_o plaintiff_n for_o the_o court_n have_v not_o any_o power_n or_o jurisdiction_n to_o do_v it_o but_o only_o to_o keep_v the_o defendant_n in_o prison_n until_o he_o pay_v they_o for_o for_o the_o fine_a due_a to_o the_o king_n the_o court_n of_o star-chamber_n can_v make_v forth_o any_o process_n for_o the_o levy_n of_o the_o
same_o but_o they_o estreat_v the_o same_o into_o the_o exchequer_n which_o have_v power_n by_o the_o law_n to_o write_v forth_o process_n to_o the_o sheriff_n to_o levy_v the_o same_o but_o if_o a_o man_n be_v convict_v in_o the_o star-chamber_n for_o forgery_n upon_o the_o statute_n of_o 5_o eliz._n that_o in_o that_o case_n for_o the_o double_a cost_n and_o damage_n that_o a_o english_a writ_n shall_v be_v make_v direct_v to_o the_o sheriff_n etc._n etc._n recite_v the_o conviction_n and_o the_o statute_n for_o the_o levy_n of_o the_o say_a cost_n and_o damage_n of_o the_o good_n and_o chattel_n and_o profit_n of_o the_o land_n of_o the_o defendant_n and_o to_o bring_v in_o the_o money_n into_o the_o court_n of_o star-chamber_n and_o the_o writ_n shall_v be_v seal_v with_o the_o great_a seal_n and_o the_o test_n of_o the_o king_n for_o the_o statute_n of_o 5_o eliz._n have_v give_v jurisdiction_n to_o the_o court_n of_o star-chamber_n and_o power_n to_o give_v judgement_n among_o other_o thing_n of_o the_o cost_n and_o damage_n which_o be_v give_v by_o force_n of_o the_o say_a act_n of_o parliament_n by_o consequence_n the_o court_n by_o the_o act_n have_v power_n to_o grant_v execution_n quia_fw-la quando_fw-la aliquid_fw-la conceditur_fw-la ei_fw-la omne_fw-la concedi_fw-la videntur_fw-la per_fw-la quod_fw-la devenitur_fw-la ad_fw-la illud_fw-la and_o it_o be_v resolve_v that_o the_o give_v of_o the_o damage_n to_o the_o plaintiff_n be_v begin_v but_o of_o late_a time_n and_o although_o that_o one_o or_o two_o precedent_n be_v show_v against_o this_o resolution_n they_o be_v against_o the_o law_n the_o judge_n have_v not_o any_o regard_n to_o they_o the_o like_a resolution_n be_v in_o the_o case_n of_o langdale_n in_o that_o court_n xxxi_o hillary_n term_n 7_o jacobi_n regis_fw-la in_o the_o common-plea_n morse_n and_o web_n case_n in_o a_o replevin_n bring_v by_o john_n morse_n against_o robert_n webb_n of_o the_o take_n of_o two_o ox_n the_o last_o day_n of_o november_n in_o the_o three_o year_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o the_o king_n that_o now_o be_v in_o a_o place_n call_v the_o downfield_n in_o luddington_n in_o the_o county_n of_o worcester_n the_o defendant_n as_o bailiff_n to_o william_n sherington_n gent._n make_v conusance_n because_o that_o the_o place_n where_o be_v a_o acre_n of_o land_n which_o be_v the_o freehold_a of_o the_o say_v william_n sherington_n and_o for_o damage-feasants_a etc._n etc._n in_o bar_n of_o which_o avowry_n the_o plaintiff_n say_v that_o the_o say_a acre_n of_o land_n in_o parcel_n of_o downfield_n and_o that_o he_o himself_o at_o the_o time_n and_o before_o the_o take_n etc._n etc._n be_v and_o yet_o be_v seize_v of_o two_o yard_n land_n with_o the_o appurtenance_n in_o luddington_n aforesaid_a and_o that_o he_o and_o all_o those_o who_o estate_n he_o have_v in_o the_o say_v two_o yard_n of_o land_n time_n out_o of_o mind_n etc._n etc._n have_v use_v to_o have_v common_a of_o pasture_n per_fw-la totam_fw-la contentam_fw-la of_o the_o say_a place_n call_v the_o downfield_n whereof_o etc._n etc._n for_o four_o beast_n call_v rother_n beast_n and_o two_o beast_n call_v horse-beast_n and_o for_o sixty_o sheep_n at_o certain_a time_n and_o season_n of_o the_o year_n as_o to_o the_o say_v two_o yard_n land_n with_o the_o appurtenance_n appertain_v and_o that_o he_o put_v in_o the_o say_v two_o ox_n to_o use_v his_o common_a etc._n etc._n and_o the_o defendant_n do_v maintain_v his_o avowry_n and_o traverse_v the_o prescription_n upon_o which_o the_o party_n be_v at_o issue_n and_o the_o jury_n give_v a_o special_a verdict_n that_o before_o the_o take_n one_o richard_z morse_n father_n of_o the_o say_v john_n morse_n and_o now_o plaintiff_n who_o heir_n he_o be_v be_v seize_v of_o the_o say_v two_o yard_n land_n and_o that_o the_o say_v richard_n morse_n etc._n etc._n have_v the_o common_a of_o pasture_n for_o the_o say_a cattle_n per_fw-la totum_fw-la contentum_fw-la of_o the_o say_v downfield_n in_o manner_n and_o form_n as_o before_o be_v allege_v and_o so_o seize_v the_o say_v richard_n morse_n in_o the_o twenty_o year_n of_o queen_n elizabeth_n demise_v to_o william_n thomas_n and_o john_n fisher_n divers_a parcel_n of_o the_o say_v two_o yard_n land_n to_o which_o etc._n etc._n viz._n the_o four_o butt_n of_o arable_a with_o the_o common_a and_o intercommon_a to_o the_o same_o belong_v for_o the_o term_n of_o four_o hundred_o year_n by_o force_n of_o which_o the_o say_v william_n thomas_n and_o john_n fisher_n enter_v and_o be_v possess_v and_o the_o say_v richard_n so_o seize_v die_v thereof_o seize_v by_o which_o the_o say_v two_o yard_n land_n in_o possession_n and_o reversion_n descend_v to_o the_o say_v john_n morse_n the_o now_o plaintiff_n and_o if_o upon_o the_o whole_a matter_n the_o say_a john_n morse_n now_o have_v and_o at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o take_n etc._n etc._n have_v common_a of_o pasture_n etc._n etc._n for_o four_o beast_n call_v rother_n beast_n and_o two_o beast_n call_v horse-beast_n and_o for_o sixty_o sheep_n etc._n etc._n as_o to_o the_o say_v two_o acre_n of_o land_n with_o the_o appurtenance_n belong_v in_o law_n or_o not_o the_o jury_n pray_v the_o advice_n of_o the_o court._n note_v that_o this_o plea_n begin_v trin._n 5_o jacobi_n rot._n 1405._o and_o upon_o argument_n at_o the_o bar_n and_o at_o the_o bench_n it_o be_v resolve_v by_o the_o whole_a court_n that_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v find_v against_o the_o defendant_n who_o have_v traverse_v the_o prescription_n for_o although_o that_o all_o the_o two_o year_n land_n have_v be_v demise_v for_o year_n yet_o the_o prescription_n make_v by_o the_o plaintiff_n be_v true_a for_o he_o be_v seize_v in_o his_o demesn_a as_o of_o fee_n of_o the_o freehold_a of_o the_o two_o yard_n of_o land_n to_o which_o etc._n etc._n and_o without_o question_n the_o inheritance_n and_o freehold_a of_o the_o common_a after_o the_o year_n determine_v be_v appendant_a to_o the_o say_v two_o yard_n land_n and_o therefore_o clear_o the_o issue_n be_v to_o be_v find_v against_o the_o defendant_n but_o if_o he_o will_v take_v advantage_n of_o the_o matter_n in_o law_n he_o ought_v confess_v the_o common_a to_o have_v plead_v the_o say_a lease_n but_o when_o he_o traverse_v the_o prescription_n he_o can_v give_v the_o same_o in_o evidence_n 2._o it_o be_v resolve_v that_o if_o the_o say_a lease_n have_v be_v plead_v that_o the_o common_a during_o the_o lease_n for_o year_n be_v not_o suspend_v or_o discharge_v for_o each_o of_o they_o shall_v have_v common_a rateable_a and_o in_o such_o manner_n that_o the_o land_n in_o which_o etc._n etc._n shall_v not_o be_v surcharge_v and_o if_o so_o small_a a_o parcel_n be_v demise_v which_o will_v not_o keep_v one_o ox_n nor_o a_o sheep_n than_o the_o whole_a common_a shall_v remain_v with_o the_o lessor_n so_o always_o as_o the_o land_n in_o which_o be_v not_o surcharge_v 3._o it_o be_v resolve_v that_o common_a appendant_a unto_o land_n be_v as_o much_o as_o to_o say_v common_a for_o cattle_n levant_a and_o couchant_a upon_o the_o land_n in_o which_o etc._n etc._n so_o that_o by_o the_o severance_n of_o part_n of_o the_o land_n to_o which_o etc._n etc._n so_o prejudice_n can_v come_v to_o the_o tertenant_n in_o which_o etc._n etc._n 4._o see_v the_o case_n of_o in_o the_o four_o part_n of_o my_o report_n foe_n be_v affirm_v for_o good_a law_n and_o there_o be_v no_o difference_n when_o the_o prescription_n be_v for_o cattle_n levant_a and_o couchant_a and_o for_o a_o certain_a number_n of_o cattle_n levant_a and_o couchant_a but_o when_o the_o prescription_n be_v for_o common_a appertinent_a to_o land_n without_o allege_v that_o it_o be_v for_o cattle_n levant_a and_o couchant_a there_o a_o certain_a number_n of_o the_o cattle_n ought_v to_o be_v express_v which_o be_v intend_v by_o the_o law_n to_o be_v levant_a and_o couchant_a xxxii_o hill_n 7_o jacobi_n regis_fw-la in_o the_o common-plea_n hughes_n and_o crowthers_n case_n in_o a_o replevin_n between_o robert_n hugh_n plaintiff_n and_o richard_n crowther_n defendant_n which_o begin_v trin._n 6_o jacobi_n rot._n 2220_o the_o case_n be_v that_o charles_n fox_n be_v seize_v of_o six_o acre_n of_o meadow_n in_o bedston_n in_o the_o county_n of_o salop_n in_o fee_n and_o 10_o octob._n 9_o eliz._n lease_v the_o same_o to_o charles_n hibbens_n and_o arthur_n hibbens_n for_o 60_o year_n if_o the_o aforesaid_a charles_n hibbens_n and_o arthur_n hibbens_n shall_v so_o long_o live_v and_o afterward_o charles_n die_v and_o if_o the_o lease_n determine_v by_o his_o death_n be_v the_o question_n and_o it_o be_v adjudge_v that_o by_o his_o death_n the_o lease_n be_v determine_v for_o the_o life_n of_o a_o man_n be_v mere_a collateral_a unto_o the_o estate_n for_o year_n otherwise_o it_o be_v if_o a_o
lease_n be_v make_v to_o one_o for_o the_o life_n of_o j._n s._n and_o j._n n._n there_o the_o freehold_n do_v not_o determine_v by_o the_o death_n of_o one_o of_o they_o for_o the_o reason_n and_o cause_v give_v in_o the_o case_n of_o brudnel_n in_o the_o five_o part_n of_o my_o report_n fol._n 9_o which_o case_n be_v affirm_v to_o be_v good_a law_n by_o the_o whole_a court_n xxxiii_o easter_n term_n anno_fw-la 8_o jacobi_n in_o the_o common-plea_n heydon_n and_o smith_n case_n richard_n heydon_n bring_v a_o action_n of_o trespass_n against_o michael_n smith_n and_o other_o of_o break_v of_o his_o close_a call_v the_o moor_n in_o ugley_n in_o the_o county_n of_o essex_n the_o 25_o day_n of_o june_n in_o the_o five_o year_n of_o the_o king_n &_o quendam_fw-la arborem_fw-la suum_fw-la ad_fw-la valentiam_fw-la 40_o s._n ibidem_fw-la nuper_fw-la crescen_n succiderunt_fw-la the_o defendant_n say_v that_o the_o close_a be_v and_o at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o trespass_n be_v the_o freehold_a of_o sir_n john_n leventhrop_n knight_n etc._n etc._n and_o that_o the_o say_a oak_n be_v a_o timber_n tree_n of_o the_o growth_n of_o thirty_o year_n and_o more_o and_o justify_v the_o cut_n down_o of_o the_o tree_n by_o his_o commandment_n the_o plaintiff_n repli_v and_o say_v that_o the_o say_v close_o and_o a_o house_n and_o 28_o acre_n of_o land_n in_o ugley_n be_v copyhold_n and_o parcel_n of_o the_o say_a manor_n of_o ugley_n etc._n etc._n of_o which_o manor_n edward_n leventhrop_n esquire_n father_n of_o the_o say_a sir_n john_n leventhrop_n be_v seize_v in_o fee_n and_o grant_v the_o say_a house_n land_n and_o close_a to_o the_o say_v richard_n heydon_n and_o his_o heir_n by_o the_o rod_n at_o the_o will_n of_o the_o lord_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o say_a manor_n and_o that_o within_o the_o say_a manor_n there_o be_v such_o a_o custom_n quod_fw-la quilibet_fw-la tenens_fw-la customar_n ejusdem_fw-la manerii_fw-la sibi_fw-la &_o haeredibus_fw-la suis_fw-la ad_fw-la voluntatem_fw-la domini_fw-la etc._n etc._n a_o toto_fw-la tempore_fw-la supradicto_fw-la usus_fw-la fuit_fw-la &_o consuevit_fw-la ad_fw-la ejus_fw-la libitum_fw-la amputare_fw-la ramos_fw-la omnimodum_fw-la arborum_fw-la call_v pollingers_n or_o husbord_n super_fw-la terris_fw-la &_o tenem_fw-la suis_fw-fr customar_n crescen_n pro_fw-la ligno_fw-la combustibili_fw-la ad_fw-la like_o libitum_fw-la suum_fw-la applicand_a &_o in_o praedicto_fw-la messuagio_fw-it comburend_fw-mi and_o also_o to_o cut_v down_o and_o take_v at_o their_o pleasure_n all_o manner_n of_o tree_n call_v pollenger_n or_o husbord_n and_o all_o other_o timber_n tree_n super_fw-la ejusdem_fw-la custumariis_fw-la suis_fw-la crescen_n for_o the_o reparation_n of_o their_o house_n build_v upon_o the_o say_a land_n and_o customary_a tenement_n and_o also_o for_o ploughbote_n and_o cartbote_n and_o that_o all_o tree_n call_v pollenger_n or_o husbord_n and_o all_o other_o tree_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o trespass_n aforesaid_a or_o hitherto_o grow_v upon_o the_o aforesaid_a land_n and_o tenement_n customary_a of_o the_o say_v richard_n heydon_n be_v not_o sufficient_a nor_o do_v serve_v for_o the_o necessary_a use_n aforesaid_a and_o that_o the_o say_v richard_n heydon_n from_o the_o time_n of_o the_o say_v grant_v make_v unto_o he_o have_v maintain_v and_o preserve_v all_o tree_n etc._n etc._n grow_v upon_o the_o say_a land_n and_o tenement_n to_o he_o grant_v and_o that_o after_o the_o death_n of_o the_o say_v edward_n leventhrop_n the_o say_a manor_n descend_v to_o the_o say_a sir_n john_n leventhorp_n and_o that_o at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o trespass_n the_o aforesaid_a message_n of_o the_o say_v richard_n heydon_n be_v in_o decay_n &_o egebat_fw-la necessariis_fw-la reparationibus_fw-la in_o maremio_n ejusdem_fw-la upon_o which_o the_o defendant_n do_v demur_v in_o law_n and_o this_o case_n be_v oftentimes_o argue_v at_o the_o bar_n and_o now_o this_o term_n it_o be_v argue_v at_o the_o bench_n by_o the_o justice_n and_o in_o this_o case_n these_o point_n be_v resolve_v 1._o that_o the_o first_o part_n of_o the_o custom_n be_v absurd_a and_o repugnant_a scil_n quod_fw-la quilibet_fw-la tenens_fw-la customarii_fw-la ejusdem_fw-la manerii_fw-la habens_fw-la &_o tenens_fw-la aliqua_fw-la terras_fw-la seu_fw-la tenementa_fw-la custom_n etc._n etc._n usus_fw-la fuit_fw-la amputare_fw-la ramos_fw-la omnimodum_fw-la arborum_fw-la vocat_fw-la pollingers_n etc._n etc._n pro_fw-la ligno_fw-la combustabili_fw-la etc._n etc._n in_o praedicto_fw-la messuagio_fw-it comburend_fw-mi which_o ought_v to_o be_v in_o the_o message_n of_o the_o plaintiff_n for_o no_o other_o message_n be_v mention_v before_o which_o be_v absurd_a and_o repugnant_a that_o every_o customary_a tenant_n shall_v burn_v his_o fuel_n in_o the_o plaintiff_n house_n but_o that_o branch_n of_o the_o custom_n do_v not_o extend_v unto_o this_o case_n for_o the_o last_o part_n of_o the_o custom_n which_o concern_v the_o cut_n down_o of_o the_o tree_n concern_v the_o point_n in_o question_n and_o so_o the_o first_o part_n of_o the_o custom_n be_v not_o material_a it_o be_v object_v that_o the_o plead_n that_o the_o message_n of_o the_o plaintiff_n be_v in_o decay_n &_o egebat_fw-la necessariis_fw-la reparationibus_fw-la in_o maremio_fw-la ejusdem_fw-la be_v too_o general_a for_o the_o plaintiff_n ought_v to_o have_v show_v in_o particular_a in_o what_o the_o message_n be_v in_o decay_n as_o the_o book_n be_v in_o 10_o e._n 4._o 3._o he_o who_o justifi_v for_o housebote_n etc._n etc._n aught_o to_o show_v that_o the_o house_n have_v cause_n to_o be_v repair_v etc._n etc._n to_o which_o it_o be_v answer_v by_o coke_n chief_a justice_n that_o the_o say_a book_n prove_v the_o plead_n in_o the_o case_n at_o bar_n be_v certain_a enough_o scil_n quod_fw-la messuagium_fw-la praed_fw-we egebat_fw-la necessariis_fw-la reparationibus_fw-la in_o maremio_fw-la without_o show_v the_o precise_a certainty_n and_o therewith_o agree_v 7_o h._n 6._o 38._o and_o 34_o h._n 6._o 17._o 2._o it_o be_v also_o answer_v and_o resolve_v that_o in_o this_o case_n without_o question_n it_o need_v not_o to_o allege_v more_o certainty_n for_o here_o the_o copyholder_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n do_v not_o take_v it_o but_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o manor_n do_v cut_v down_o the_o tree_n and_o carry_v it_o away_o where_o the_o rest_n be_v not_o sufficient_a and_o so_o prevent_v the_o copyholder_n of_o his_o benefit_n and_o therefore_o he_o need_v not_o to_o show_v any_o decay_n at_o all_o but_o only_o for_o increase_v of_o the_o damage_n for_o the_o lord_n do_v the_o wrong_n when_o he_o cut_v down_o the_o tree_n which_o shall_v serve_v for_o reparation_n when_o need_n shall_v be_v 3._o it_o be_v resolve_v that_o of_o common_a right_n as_o a_o thing_n incident_a to_o the_o grant_v the_o copyholder_n may_v take_v housebote_n hedgbote_fw-ge and_o plowbote_n upon_o his_o copyhold_n quia_fw-la concesso_fw-la uno_fw-la conceduntur_fw-la omne_fw-la sine_fw-la quibus_fw-la id_fw-la consistere_fw-la non_fw-la potest_fw-la et_fw-la quando_fw-la aliquis_fw-la aliquid_fw-la concedit_fw-la concedere_fw-la videtur_fw-la &_o id_fw-la sine_fw-la quo_fw-la res_fw-la ipsa_fw-la esse_fw-la non_fw-la potest_fw-la and_o therewith_o agree_v 9_o h._n 4._o waste_v 59_o but_o the_o same_o may_v be_v restrain_v by_o custom_n scil_n that_o the_o copyholder_n shall_v not_o take_v it_o unless_o by_o assignment_n of_o the_o lord_n or_o his_o bailiff_n etc._n etc._n 4._o it_o be_v resolve_v that_o the_o lord_n can_v take_v all_o the_o timber_n tree_n but_o he_o ought_v to_o leave_v sufficient_a for_o the_o reparation_n of_o the_o customary_a house_n and_o for_o ploughbote_n etc._n etc._n for_o otherwise_o great_a depopulation_n will_v follow_v scil_n ruin_n of_o the_o house_n and_o decay_v of_o tillage_n and_o husbandry_n and_o it_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v that_o bote_n be_v a_o ancient_a saxon_a word_n have_v two_o signification_n the_o one_o compensatio_fw-la criminis_fw-la as_o frithbote_n which_o be_v as_o much_o as_o to_o say_v to_o be_v discharge_v from_o give_v amends_o for_o the_o breach_n of_o the_o peace_n manbote_n to_o be_v discharge_v of_o amends_o for_o the_o death_n of_o man_n and_o second_o in_o the_o latter_a signification_n scil_n for_o reparation_n as_o be_v bridgbote_n burghbote_fw-ge castlebote_fw-ge parkbote_fw-ge etc._n etc._n scil_n reparation_n of_o a_o bridge_n of_o a_o borough_n of_o a_o castle_n of_o a_o park_n etc._n etc._n and_o it_o be_v to_o be_v know_v that_o boat_n and_o estover_n be_v all_o one_o estover_n be_v derive_v of_o this_o french_a word_n estover_n i._n e._n fovere_fw-la i._n e._n to_o keep_v warm_a to_o cherish_v to_o sustain_v to_o defend_v and_o there_o be_v four_o kind_n of_o estover_n scil_n ardendi_fw-la arandi_fw-la construendi_fw-la &_o claudendi_fw-la scil_n firebote_fw-ge housebote_fw-ge ploughbote_fw-ge and_o hedgbote_n 5._o it_o be_v resolve_v that_o the_o copyholder_n shall_v have_v a_o general_a action_n of_o trespass_n against_o the_o lord_n quare_fw-la clausum_fw-la fregit_fw-la &_o arborem_fw-la
certain_a land_n in_o hetherset_n and_o windham_n in_o norfolk_n and_o do_v not_o say_v in_o two_o part_n in_o three_o part_n to_o be_v divide_v and_o yet_o it_o be_v good_a as_o well_o in_o the_o declaration_n as_o in_o the_o writ_n for_o without_o question_n the_o writ_n be_v good_a de_fw-fr duabus_fw-la partibus_fw-la general_o and_o so_o be_v the_o register_n see_v 4_o e._n 3._o 162._o 2_o e._n 3._o 31._o 2_o assis_n 1._o 10_o assis_n 12._o 10_o e._n 3._o 511._o 11_o ass_n 21._o 11_o e._n 3._o bre._n 478_o 9_o h._n 6._o 36._o 17_o e._n 4._o 46._o 19_o e._n 3._o bre._n 244._o and_o upon_o all_o the_o say_a book_n it_o appear_v that_o by_o the_o intendment_n and_o construction_n of_o the_o law_n when_o any_o part_n be_v demand_v without_o show_v in_o how_o many_o part_n the_o whole_a be_v divide_v that_o there_o remain_v but_o one_o part_n not_o divide_v as_o if_o two_o part_n be_v demand_v there_o remain_v a_o three_o part_n and_o when_o three_o part_n be_v divide_v three_o remain_v a_o four_o part_n etc._n etc._n but_o when_o any_o demand_n be_v of_o other_o part_n in_o other_o form_n there_o he_o ought_v to_o show_v the_o same_o specialty_n as_o if_o one_o demand_v three_o part_n of_o five_o part_n or_o four_o part_n of_o six_o etc._n etc._n and_o according_a to_o this_o difference_n it_o be_v so_o resolve_v in_o jourden_n case_n in_o the_o kings-bench_n and_o according_o judgement_n be_v give_v in_o this_o term_n in_o the_o case_n at_o bar._n xxvi_o mich._n 7_o jacobi_n regis_fw-la in_o the_o common-plea_n mutton_n case_n a_o action_n upon_o the_o case_n be_v bring_v against_o mutton_n for_o call_v of_o the_o plaintiff_n sorcerer_n and_o inchantor_n who_o plead_v not-guilty_a and_o it_o be_v find_v against_o he_o to_o the_o damage_n of_o 6_o d._n and_o it_o be_v hold_v by_o the_o whole_a court_n in_o the_o common-plea_n that_o no_o action_n lie_v for_o the_o say_a word_n for_o sortilegium_fw-la est_fw-la rei_fw-la futuri_fw-la per_fw-la sort_n exploratio_fw-la et_fw-la sortilegus_fw-la sive_fw-la sortilegista_fw-la est_fw-la qui_fw-la per_fw-la sort_n futura_fw-la praenunciat_fw-la inchauntry_n est_fw-la verbis_fw-la aut_fw-la rebus_fw-la adjunctis_fw-la aliquid_fw-la praeter_fw-la naturam_fw-la moliri_fw-la whereof_o the_o poet_n say_v carminibus_fw-la circe_n socios_fw-la mutavit_fw-la ulyssis_fw-la see_v 45_o e._n 3._o 17._o one_o be_v take_v in_o southwark_n with_o the_o head_n and_o visage_n of_o a_o dead_a man_n and_o with_o a_o book_n of_o sorcery_n in_o his_o mail_n and_o he_o be_v bring_v into_o the_o kings-bench_n before_o knevet_n justice_n but_o no_o indictment_n be_v frame_v against_o he_o for_o which_o the_o clark_n make_v he_o swear_v that_o he_o shall_v never_o after_o commit_v any_o sorcery_n and_o he_o be_v send_v to_o prison_n and_o the_o head_n and_o the_o book_n be_v burn_v at_o tuthill_n at_o the_o charge_n of_o the_o prisoner_n and_o the_o ancient_a law_n be_v as_o it_o appear_v by_o britton_n that_o those_o who_o be_v attaint_v of_o sorcery_n be_v burn_v but_o the_o law_n be_v not_o such_o at_o this_o day_n but_o he_o who_o be_v convict_v of_o such_o imposture_n and_o deceit_n shall_v be_v fine_v and_o imprison_v and_o it_o be_v say_v that_o it_o be_v adjudge_v that_o if_o one_o call_v another_o witch_n that_o a_o action_n will_v not_o lie_v for_o it_o be_v too_o general_a et_fw-la dicitur_fw-la latin_a venefica_fw-la but_o if_o one_o say_v she_o be_v a_o witch_n and_o have_v bewitch_v such_o a_o one_o to_o death_n a_o action_n upon_o the_o case_n lie_v if_o in_o truth_n he_o be_v dead_a conjuration_n be_v derive_v of_o these_o word_n con_n and_o juro_fw-la et_fw-la propria_fw-la dicitur_fw-la quando_fw-la multi_fw-la in_o alicujus_fw-la pernitiem_fw-la jurant_fw-la and_o in_o the_o statute_n of_o 5_o eliz._n cap._n 16._o it_o be_v take_v for_o invocation_n of_o any_o evil_a and_o wicked_a spirit_n i._o est_fw-la conjurare_fw-la verbis_fw-la conceptis_fw-la aliquos_fw-la malos_fw-la &_o iniquos_fw-la spiritus_fw-la the_o same_o be_v make_v felony_n but_o witchcraft_n enchantment_n charm_n or_o sorcery_n be_v not_o felony_n if_o not_o by_o they_o any_o person_n be_v kill_v or_o die_v so_o that_o conjuration_n est_fw-la verbis_fw-la conceptis_fw-la compellere_fw-la malos_fw-la &_o iniquos_fw-la spiritus_fw-la aliquod_fw-la facere_fw-la vel_fw-la dicere_fw-la etc._n etc._n but_o a_o witch_n who_o work_v any_o thing_n by_o any_o evil_a spirit_n do_v not_o make_v any_o conjuration_n or_o invocation_n by_o any_o powerful_a name_n of_o the_o devil_n but_o the_o wicked_a spirit_n come_v to_o she_o familiar_o and_o therefore_o be_v call_v a_o familiar_a but_o if_o a_o man_n be_v call_v a_o conjurer_n or_o a_o witch_n he_o shall_v not_o have_v any_o action_n upon_o the_o case_n unless_o that_o he_o say_v that_o he_o be_v a_o conjurer_n of_o the_o devil_n or_o of_o any_o evil_a or_o wicked_a spirit_n or_o that_o one_o be_v a_o witch_n and_o that_o she_o have_v bewitch_v any_o one_o to_o death_n as_o be_v before_o say_v and_o note_v that_o the_o first_o statute_n which_o be_v make_v against_o conjuration_n witchcraft_n sorcery_n and_o enchantment_n be_v the_o act_n of_o 33_o h._n 8._o cap._n 8._o and_o by_o it_o they_o be_v felony_n in_o certain_a case_n special_a but_o that_o act_n be_v repeal_v by_o the_o statute_n of_o 1_o e._n 6._o cap._n 12._o xxvii_o mich._n term_n 7_o jacobi_n regis_fw-la in_o the_o court_n of_o ward_n sir_n allen_n percy_n case_n sir_n john_n fitz_n and_o bridget_n his_o wife_n be_v tenant_n for_o life_n of_o a_o tenement_n call_v ramshams_n the_o remainder_n to_o sir_n john_n fitz_n in_o tail_n the_o remainder_n to_o bridget_n in_o tail_n the_o reversion_n to_o sir_n john_n and_o his_o heir_n sir_n john_n and_o bridget_n his_o wife_n by_o indenture_n demise_v the_o say_a tenement_n to_o william_n sprey_n for_o divers_a year_n yet_o to_o come_v except_o all_o tree_n of_o timber_n oak_n and_o ash_n and_o liberty_n to_o carry_v they_o away_o render_v rend_v and_o afterward_o sir_n john_n die_v have_v issue_n mary_n his_o daughter_n now_o the_o wife_n of_o sir_n allen_n percy_n knight_n and_o afterward_o the_o say_a william_n sprey_n demise_v the_o same_o tenement_n to_o sir_n allen_n for_o seven_o year_n the_o question_n be_v whether_o sir_n allen_n have_v the_o immediate_a inheritance_n in_o the_o right_n of_o his_o wife_n expoctant_a upon_o the_o estate_n for_o the_o life_n of_o bridget_n and_o also_o have_v the_o possession_n by_o the_o say_a demise_n may_v cut_v down_o the_o timber_n tree_n oak_n and_o ash_n and_o it_o be_v object_v that_o he_o may_v well_o do_v it_o for_o it_o be_v resolve_v in_o saunders_n case_n in_o the_o five_o part_n of_o my_o report_n foe_n 12._o that_o if_o lessee_n for_o year_n or_o for_o life_n assign_v over_o his_o term_n or_o estate_n unto_o another_o except_v the_o mine_n or_o the_o tree_n or_o the_o clay_n etc._n etc._n that_o the_o exception_n be_v void_a because_o that_o he_o can_v except_v that_o which_o he_o can_v lawful_o take_v and_o which_o do_v not_o belong_v unto_o he_o by_o the_o law_n but_o it_o be_v answer_v and_o resolve_v by_o the_o two_o chief_a justice_n and_o the_o chief_a baron_n that_o in_o the_o case_n at_o bar_n the_o exception_n be_v good_a without_o question_n because_o that_o he_o who_o have_v the_o inheritance_n join_v in_o the_o lease_n with_o the_o lessee_n for_o life_n and_o it_o be_v further_o resolve_v that_o if_o tenant_n for_o life_n lease_v for_o year_n except_v the_o timber_n tree_n the_o same_o be_v lawful_o and_o wise_o do_v for_o otherwise_o if_o the_o lessee_n or_o assignee_n cut_v down_o the_o tree_n the_o tenant_n for_o life_n shall_v be_v punish_v in_o waste_n and_o shall_v not_o have_v any_o remedy_n against_o the_o lessee_n for_o year_n and_o also_o if_o he_o demise_v the_o land_n without_o exception_n he_o who_o have_v the_o immediate_a estate_n of_o inheritance_n by_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o lessee_n may_v cut_v down_o all_o the_o timber_n tree_n which_o when_o the_o term_n end_v all_o shall_v be_v waste_v and_o then_o the_o tenant_n for_o life_n shall_v not_o have_v the_o boot_n which_o the_o law_n give_v he_o nor_o the_o pawnage_n and_o other_o profit_n of_o the_o say_a tree_n which_o he_o lawful_o may_v take_v but_o when_o tenant_n for_o life_n upon_o his_o lease_n except_v the_o tree_n if_o they_o be_v cut_v down_o by_o the_o lessor_n the_o lessee_n or_o assignee_n shall_v have_v a_o action_n of_o trespass_n quare_fw-la vi_fw-la &_o armis_fw-la and_o shall_v recover_v damage_n according_a to_o his_o loss_n and_o this_o case_n be_v not_o like_a to_o the_o say_a case_n of_o saunders_n which_o be_v affirm_v to_o be_v good_a law_n for_o there_o the_o lessee_n assign_v over_o his_o whole_a interest_n and_o therefore_o can_v not_o except_v the_o mine_n