land_n and_o portion_n of_o the_o levite_n be_v give_v to_o do_v the_o service_n of_o the_o tabernacle_n 17._o the_o land_n of_o the_o other_o tribe_n to_o fight_v the_o battle_n of_o the_o lord_n against_o his_o idolatrous_a enemy_n and_o to_o root_v they_o out_o thus_o may_v fancy_n couple_v the_o remote_a thing_n to_o come_v low_o down_o and_o near_a home_n 118._o pausanias_n tell_v we_o we_o that_o when_o brennus_n who_o they_o say_v be_v a_o britain_n invade_v greece_n with_o a_o army_n of_o gaul_n every_o horseman_n of_o the_o better_a sort_n have_v two_o other_o gaul_n horseman_n to_o attend_v and_o second_v he_o as_o his_o vassal_n and_o they_o three_o together_o be_v call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d trimarcesiam_n i._n e._n a_o society_n of_o three_o horseman_n 118._o but_o caesar_n say_v that_o the_o noble_a gaul_n in_o his_o time_n have_v according_a to_o their_o ability_n many_o horseman_n attend_v they_o in_o war_n who_o by_o a_o german_a word_n he_o call_v ambactos_fw-la which_o proper_o signify_v servant_n vassal_n workman_n ambactâ—_n and_o labourer_n yet_o he_o by_o a_o fair_a name_n expound_v it_o there_o 184._o in_o latin_a clientes_fw-la and_o in_o another_o place_n 124._o call_v they_o among_o the_o german_n comites_fw-la &_o familiares_fw-la as_o account_v they_o like_o abraham_n 14._o 318._o soldier_n to_o be_v all_o their_o lord_n follower_n and_o of_o his_o family_n tacitus_n 129._o likewise_o name_v they_o comites_fw-la as_o companion_n and_o follower_n quod_fw-la bello_fw-la sequi_fw-la dominum_fw-la coguntur_fw-la say_v 284._o cujacius_n but_o tacitus_n further_o say_v gradus_fw-la quinetiam_fw-la ipse_fw-la comitatus_fw-la habet_fw-la judicio_fw-la ejus_fw-la quem_fw-la sectantur_fw-la that_o there_o be_v degree_n in_o those_o company_n as_o he_o who_o they_o follow_v do_v appoint_v like_o they_o perhaps_o in_o after-age_n of_o earl_n baron_n knight_n etc._n etc._n but_o how_o the_o comites_fw-la or_o ambacti_fw-la be_v maintain_v neither_o caesar_n nor_o yet_o tacitus_n have_v relate_v as_o for_o such_o portion_n of_o land_n as_o we_o call_v knights-fee_n they_o can_v not_o then_o have_v any_o for_o caesar_n 120._o speak_v of_o the_o german_n say_v and_o so_o it_o appear_v by_o tacitus_n mor._n neque_fw-la cuique_fw-la agri_fw-la modum_fw-la certum_fw-la aut_fw-la fine_n proprios_fw-la habet_fw-la etc._n etc._n that_o no_o man_n have_v any_o certain_a estate_n or_o peculiar_a bound_n of_o land_n but_o the_o magistrate_n and_o lord_n of_o the_o place_n assign_v from_o year_n to_o year_n to_o kindred_n and_o such_o as_o live_v together_o what_o quantity_n of_o land_n and_o in_o what_o place_n they_o think_v good_a and_o the_o next_o year_n force_v they_o to_o remove_v the_o reason_n you_o may_v see_v in_o caesar_n who_o 121._o also_o show_v that_o they_o have_v no_o common_a magistrate_n but_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o town_n or_o territory_n set_v what_o law_n he_o will_v among_o his_o follower_n or_o ambactos_fw-la these_o law_n the_o goth_n the_o swede_n the_o dane_n and_o saxon_n call_v bilagines_n of_o by_o which_o in_o all_o these_o language_n signify_v a_o town_n and_o lagh_o or_o laghen_fw-mi which_o signify_v law_n as_o gravius_n nostro_fw-la suecus_n and_o our_o saxon_a author_n testify_v and_o though_o jornandes_n a_o spanish_a goth_n write_v it_o after_o the_o spanish_a corruption_n bellagineâ—_n yet_o we_o in_o england_n keep_v the_o very_a radix_fw-la and_o word_n itself_o by-law_n even_a unto_o this_o day_n though_o divert_v somewhat_o from_o the_o sense_n that_o caesar_n speak_v of_o for_o we_o call_v they_o town-law_n or_o by-law_n which_o the_o townsman_n make_v among_o themselves_o but_o caesar_n show_v that_o the_o lord_n impose_v they_o herewith_o agree_v that_o of_o tacitus_n or_o some_o other_o ancient_n who_o speak_v of_o the_o german_n say_v agricolis_fw-la suis_fw-la jus_o dicunt_fw-la they_o give_v law_n to_o they_o which_o dwell_v upon_o their_o land_n for_o i_o take_v agricolis_fw-la here_o in_o the_o large_a sense_n to_o extend_v to_o all_o that_o dwell_v upon_o the_o lord_n land_n as_o well_o his_o military_a follower_n as_o his_o husbandman_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o solicolae_fw-la contain_v all_o that_o live_v upon_o the_o soil_n ruricolae_fw-la all_o that_o live_v in_o the_o country_n and_o coelicolae_fw-la all_o that_o live_v in_o heaven_n these_o lordship_n of_o town_n which_o caesar_n speak_v of_o be_v after_o by_o the_o norman_n call_v maneria_fw-la the_o ambacti_fw-la or_o comites_fw-la and_o these_o which_o he_o say_v sectabantur_fw-la dominos_fw-la suos_fw-la be_v call_v vassalli_n and_o sectatores_fw-la manerii_fw-la sive_fw-la curiae_fw-la domini_fw-la vassal_n and_o suitor_n of_o court_n the_o bilagines_n or_o town-law_n be_v call_v consuetudines_fw-la and_o custom_n of_o the_o manor_n the_o jurisdiction_n which_o the_o lord_n have_v over_o his_o follower_n and_o suitor_n be_v call_v the_o court_n baron_fw-fr and_o the_o portion_n of_o land_n etc._n etc._n assign_v to_o his_o follower_n for_o their_o stipend_n or_o maintenance_n be_v at_o first_o call_v munera_fw-la after_o beneficia_fw-la and_o last_o feuda_n or_o tenant-land_n which_o be_v of_o two_o sort_n one_o for_o military_a man_n call_v feudum_fw-la militare_fw-la and_o feudum_fw-la nobile_fw-la tenure_n by_o knights-service_n the_o other_o for_o husbandman_n call_v therefore_o feudum_fw-la rusticum_fw-la &_o ignobile_fw-la tenure_n in_o socage_n or_o by_o the_o plough_n thus_o it_o appear_v that_o feud_n and_o tenor_n and_o the_o feudal_n law_n itself_o take_v their_o original_n from_o the_o german_n and_o northern_a nation_n in_o such_o condition_n therefore_o how_o obscure_a soever_o as_o caesar_n and_o tacitus_n leave_v they_o to_o we_o 1._o gerardus_n niger_n the_o consul_n of_o milan_n who_o flourish_v about_o a._n d._n 1176._o and_o first_o compose_v they_o into_o a_o book_n take_v they_o up_o as_o he_o there_o find_v they_o and_o speak_v of_o the_o time_n of_o caesar_n and_o tacitus_n as_o have_v the_o forementioned_a passage_n under_o his_o eye_n say_v antiquissimo_fw-la tempore_fw-la sic_fw-la erat_fw-la in_o dominorum_fw-la potestate_fw-la connexum_fw-la ut_fw-la quando_fw-la vellent_fw-la possent_fw-la auferre_fw-la rem_fw-la in_o feudum_fw-la à _fw-la se_fw-la datam_fw-la and_o this_o agree_v with_o caesar_n by_o who_o it_o seem_v in_o the_o place_n before_o mention_v that_o the_o ambacti_fw-la or_o follower_n of_o the_o german_n have_v in_o those_o time_n either_o no_o land_n at_o all_o or_o no_o estate_n at_o all_o in_o their_o land_n or_o first_o but_o at_o the_o will_n of_o the_o lord_n and_o then_o but_o for_o one_o single_a year_n which_o gerardus_n also_o confess_v to_o have_v be_v the_o condition_n of_o the_o elder_a sort_n of_o feudatary_n for_o he_o say_v present_o after_o his_o former_a word_n postea_fw-la vero_fw-la eo_fw-la ventum_fw-la est_fw-la ut_fw-la per_fw-la annum_fw-la tantum_fw-la stabilitatem_fw-la haberent_fw-la res_fw-la in_fw-la feudum_fw-la datae_fw-la thus_o for_o another_o while_n their_o feudal_n vassal_n who_o here_o he_o call_v fideles_fw-la and_o we_o now_o tenant_n by_o knights-service_n enjoy_v their_o feud_n no_o otherwise_o than_o from_o year_n to_o year_n at_o the_o pleasure_n of_o their_o lord_n either_o by_o grant_n or_o sufferance_n 21._o till_o further_a grace_n confirm_v they_o to_o they_o for_o divers_a year_n and_o at_o length_n for_o term_n of_o life_n which_o gerardus_n also_o present_o there_o declare_v say_v deinde_fw-la statutum_fw-la est_fw-la ut_fw-la usque_fw-la ad_fw-la vitam_fw-la fidelis_fw-la producerentur_fw-la feuda_fw-la in_o this_o manner_n stand_v the_o principal_a feud_n themselves_o even_o those_o of_o earldom_n and_o dukedom_n which_o they_o call_v feuda_fw-la majora_fw-la and_o feuda_fw-la regalia_z in_o the_o latter_a time_n of_o the_o saxon_n till_o the_o come_n of_o the_o conqueror_n but_o as_o touch_v the_o lesser_a feud_n which_o we_o call_v knights-fee_n i_o find_v nothing_o in_o abby-book_n otherwise_o than_o a_o numerous_a multitude_n of_o lease_n and_o grant_n make_v by_o bishop_n and_o abbat_n to_o their_o follower_n for_o term_n of_o life_n without_o mention_n of_o tenure_n or_o feudal_n service_n yet_o i_o must_v confess_v that_o there_o be_v a_o notable_a precedent_n â—6_n leave_v we_o by_o oswald_z bishop_n of_o worcester_z in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edgar_n who_o in_o grant_v out_o the_o land_n of_o his_o bishopric_n unto_o his_o follower_n for_o life_n or_o three_o life_n impose_v upon_o they_o by_o a_o solemn_a instrument_n ratify_v by_o the_o king_n himself_o a_o multitude_n of_o service_n and_o charge_n as_o well_o military_a as_o civil_a which_o after_o you_o shall_v here_o see_v and_o then_o consider_v how_o and_o whither_o they_o conduce_v to_o our_o feud_n or_o not_o liâ—e_z if_o we_o understand_v they_o to_o be_v feud_n among_o the_o saxon_n or_o of_o that_o nature_n then_o be_v we_o sure_a they_o be_v no_o more_o than_o for_o life_n and_o not_o inheritable_a nor_o stretch_v further_o without_o further_a grace_n obtain_v from_o the_o lord_n
of_o any_o other_o for_o at_o ebsa_n in_o suthry_n under_o the_o title_n of_o ric._n fill_v comitis_fw-la gisleberti_fw-la it_o say_v hanc_fw-la terram_fw-la tenuerunt_fw-la novem_fw-la teigni_fw-la &_o cum_fw-la ea_fw-la poterant_fw-la vtere_fw-la quo_fw-la volebant_fw-la plain_a latin_a but_o the_o sense_n be_v that_o nine_o thanes_z hold_v this_o land_n of_o ebsam_n in_o the_o time_n of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n and_o may_v do_v with_o it_o what_o they_o will_v so_o at_o est-burnham_n in_o buckinghamshire_n under_o the_o title_n of_o milo_n crispin_n duo_o teigni_fw-la homines_fw-la brictrici_fw-la hanc_fw-la terram_fw-la tenuerunt_fw-la &_o vendere_fw-la potuere_fw-la and_o here_o it_o seem_v that_o these_o thanes_z be_v not_o the_o king_n thanes_z but_o of_o the_o lesser_a sort_n for_o that_o he_o call_v they_o homines_fw-la brictrici_fw-la so_o in_o the_o same_o shire_n under_o the_o title_n of_o s._n petr._n westmon_n it_o be_v say_v of_o the_o same_o town_n of_o est-burnham_n hoc_fw-la manerium_fw-la tres_fw-la treigni_fw-la tempore_fw-la regis_fw-la edwardi_fw-la tenuerunt_fw-la &_o vendere_fw-la potuerunt_fw-la rent_n it_o there_o also_o appear_v that_o the_o thaneland_n may_v be_v charge_v with_o a_o rent_n issue_v out_o of_o it_o for_o it_o immediate_o follow_v &_o tamen_fw-la ipsi_fw-la tres_fw-la reddiderunt_fw-la quinque_fw-la oras_fw-la de_fw-la consuetudine_fw-la and_o it_o may_v be_v restrain_v from_o alienation_n as_o where_o it_o be_v say_v in_o doomsday_n de_fw-fr ea_fw-la viz._n lega_fw-la pelton_n sunt_fw-la in_fw-la dominio_fw-la dvae_fw-la hidae_fw-la una_fw-la ex_fw-la hiis_fw-la fuit_fw-la tainland_n non_fw-la tamen_fw-la poterat_fw-la ab_fw-la ecclesia_fw-la separari_fw-la where_o the_o word_n tamen_fw-la imply_v that_o although_o thaneland_n may_v otherwise_o be_v alienate_v yet_o this_o particular_o can_v not_o so_o likewise_o may_v it_o be_v entail_v upon_o a_o family_n as_o appear_v in_o the_o law_n of_o alured_n cap._n 37._o but_o thus_o doomsday_n after_o the_o conquest_n affirm_v the_o same_o that_o the_o charter_n do_v before_o the_o conquest_n and_o the_o word_n both_o in_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o which_o show_v that_o the_o thane_n may_v sell_v or_o use_v this_o land_n as_o he_o will_v do_v imply_v a_o estate_n of_o inheritance_n independent_a of_o any_o lord_n either_o feodal_n or_o superior_a and_o be_v as_o even_o the_o alodium_n mention_v in_o the_o chapter_n of_o thanes_z but_o whether_o it_o be_v descendable_a only_o upon_o the_o elder_a son_n or_o dividable_a between_o all_o the_o son_n as_o in_o gavelkind_n i_o can_v say_v but_o the_o formula_fw-la of_o alodium_fw-la join_v with_o marculfus_n do_v divide_v it_o between_o they_o all_o chap._n xii_o the_o fruit_n of_o feodal_n tenor_n and_o that_o they_o be_v not_o sound_v among_o the_o saxon_n or_o not_o after_o our_o manner_n hitherto_o we_o have_v seek_v our_o tenor_n among_o the_o saxon_n and_o have_v not_o find_v they_o though_o the_o report_n 35._o tell_v we_o it_o be_v most_o manifest_a that_o they_o be_v frequent_a and_o 36._o common_a in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o saxon_n we_o will_v now_o follow_v the_o direction_n of_o our_o saviour_n 33._o and_o see_v if_o by_o the_o fruit_n we_o can_v find_v the_o tree_n the_o report_n say_v 33._o by_o question_n and_o answer_v the_o fruit_n of_o the_o tenure_n viz._n in_o capite_fw-la and_o knights-service_n what_o be_v they_o but_o the_o 1_o profit_v of_o the_o land_n 2_o wardship_n 3_o livery_n 4_o premier_n seisin_n 5_o relief_n mistake_v to_o be_v a_o heriot_n 6_o fine_a for_o alienation_n and_o the_o rest_n which_o rest_v it_o 37._o supply_v short_o after_o to_o be_v 7_o homage_n 8_o fealty_n 9_o escuage_z add_v again_o relief_n and_o wardship_n instead_o whereof_o i_o out_o of_o a_o three_o passage_n 33._o do_v place_n 10_o escheat_n and_o it_o conclude_v 37._o that_o as_o all_o these_o tenor_n be_v common_a in_o those_o time_n so_o be_v all_o the_o fruit_n of_o they_o etc._n etc._n which_o if_o it_o be_v true_a the_o question_n be_v determine_v nay_o i_o yield_v it_o if_o any_o one_o of_o they_o agree_v direct_o with_o our_o tenor_n be_v find_v among_o they_o some_o show_n of_o fealty_n and_o licence_n to_o alien_a land_n grant_v for_o a_o certain_a time_n only_o except_v for_o avoid_v captious_a disputation_n their_o very_a name_n pretend_v no_o saxon_a antiquity_n but_o as_o the_o ephramite_n bewray_v their_o tribe_n by_o their_o language_n so_o by_o their_o name_n these_o fruit_n discover_v themselves_o to_o be_v of_o norman_a progeny_n and_o the_o report_n do_v not_o give_v we_o one_o instance_n or_o example_n of_o any_o of_o they_o in_o all_o the_o saxon_a time_n if_o it_o do_v the_o word_n before_o mention_v in_o the_o charter_n to_o the_o thanes_z declare_v that_o their_o land_n must_v be_v libera_fw-la ab_fw-la omni_fw-la seculari_fw-la gravedine_fw-la etc._n etc._n sweep_v all_o away_o at_o once_o as_o the_o west-wind_n do_v the_o grasshopper_n in_o egypt_n and_o do_v make_v the_o thaneland_n to_o have_v the_o privilege_n of_o alodium_n here_o before_o mention_v to_o belong_v unto_o they_o that_o be_v to_o be_v free_a from_o all_o tenure_n and_o service_n it_o be_v true_a notwithstanding_o that_o both_o the_o great_a and_o lesser-thanes_a may_v have_v and_o have_v other_o land_n beside_o these_o that_o be_v hereditary_a of_o feudal_a nature_n and_o hold_v by_o military_a service_n as_o in_o the_o charter_n of_o oswald_n the_o bishop_n shall_v after_o appear_v but_o they_o hold_v they_o like_o folcland_n only_o at_o the_o will_n of_o the_o lord_n whether_o king_n or_o other_o or_o for_o certain_a year_n or_o at_o most_o for_o life_n or_o life_n their_o tenure_n and_o feud_n determine_v with_o the_o will_n of_o the_o lord_n the_o term_n of_o year_n or_o estate_n for_o life_n and_o then_o can_v not_o any_o of_o the_o fruit_n before_o speak_v of_o accrue_v unto_o the_o lord_n that_o grant_v the_o land_n for_o that_o it_o forthwith_o revert_v entire_o into_o his_o own_o hand_n and_o be_v to_o be_v keep_v and_o dispose_v anew_o as_o please_v he_o it_o be_v apparent_a therefore_o by_o this_o general_a demonstration_n that_o the_o fruit_n we_o speak_v of_o can_v not_o arise_v out_o of_o either_o of_o the_o thaneland_n be_v they_o temporary_a or_o hereditary_a if_o not_o haply_o fealty_n or_o some_o gratuity_n to_o the_o lord_n for_o licence_n that_o the_o temporary_a tenant_n may_v assign_v his_o interest_n or_o have_v it_o enlarge_v thing_n proper_a as_o well_o to_o socage_n and_o folcland_n as_o to_o feudal_n but_o let_v we_o examine_v all_o these_o fruit_n particular_o and_o see_v whether_o and_o how_o we_o find_v any_o of_o they_o among_o the_o saxon_n and_o give_v i_o leave_v herein_o to_o produce_v they_o in_o such_o order_n though_o not_o logical_a as_o the_o report_n present_v they_o to_o the_o reader_n in_o their_o several_a place_n chap._n xiii_o no_o profit_n of_o land_n by_o wardship_n in_o the_o saxon_n time_n wardship_n as_o for_o the_o profit_n of_o the_o land_n which_o the_o king_n have_v now_o during_o the_o minority_n of_o a_o ward_n it_o be_v manifest_a that_o the_o king_n than_o have_v no_o such_o of_o the_o thaneland_n for_o that_o the_o thane_n have_v this_o particular_a privilege_n that_o when_o he_o die_v he_o may_v make_v his_o will_n of_o his_o own_o land_n as_o it_o former_o appear_v and_o 8._o give_v they_o unto_o who_o he_o will_v which_o be_v never_o lawful_a after_o the_o come_n of_o the_o norman_n for_o any_o baron_n or_o tenant_n by_o knight-service_n to_o do_v till_o the_o statute_n 32._o hen._n viii_o cap._n 1._o give_v free_a liberty_n to_o all_o man_n to_o devise_v all_o socage-land_n by_o their_o last_o will_n in_o writing_n and_o no_o more_o than_o two_o part_n only_o of_o land_n hold_v in_o capite_fw-la or_o by_o knight-service_n lest_o it_o shall_v hinder_v the_o lord_n too_o much_o of_o their_o feodal_n profit_n and_o socage-land_n be_v therefore_o long_o before_o devisable_v in_o many_o burrough_n for_o that_o thereby_o the_o lord_n sustain_v no_o such_o prejudice_n but_o to_o conclude_v this_o point_n in_o one_o word_n it_o shall_v i_o hope_v be_v make_v manifest_a in_o the_o next_o chapter_n that_o there_o be_v no_o wardship_n among_o the_o saxon_n and_o thereupon_o it_o will_v follow_v invincible_o there_o can_v be_v then_o no_o profit_n of_o land_n arise_v to_o the_o king_n or_o lord_n by_o title_n of_o wardship_n chap._n fourteen_o no_o wardship_n in_o england_n among_o the_o saxon_n objection_n answer_v in_o follow_v the_o report_n i_o must_v now_o speak_v de_fw-la causa_fw-la post_fw-la causatum_fw-la of_o wardship_n after_o the_o profit_n of_o land_n grow_v by_o it_o this_o be_v the_o chief_a fruit_n of_o all_o feodal_a servitude_n and_o the_o root_n from_o whence_o many_o branch_n of_o like_a grievance_n take_v their_o original_n the_o report_n labour_v more_o to_o prove_v it_o to_o
every_o feodal_a lord_n and_o not_o begin_v in_o france_n till_o feud_n be_v there_o make_v hereditary_a by_o hugh_n capet_n nor_o in_o england_n till_o william_n the_o conqueror_n do_v the_o like_a as_o before_o appear_v the_o reason_n of_o it_o be_v to_o preserve_v the_o memory_n of_o the_o tenure_n and_o of_o the_o duty_n of_o the_o tenant_n by_o make_v every_o new_a tenant_n at_o his_o entry_n to_o recognize_v the_o interest_n of_o his_o lord_n lest_o that_o the_o feud_n be_v now_o hereditary_a and_o new_a heir_n continual_o succeed_v into_o it_o they_o may_v by_o little_a and_o little_o forget_v their_o duty_n and_o substract_v the_o service_n deny_v at_o last_o the_o tenure_n itself_o we_o see_v at_o this_o day_n frequent_a example_n of_o it_o for_o by_o neglect_v of_o do_v homage_n and_o those_o service_n tenor_n usual_o be_v forget_v and_o so_o revolve_v to_o the_o king_n by_o ignoramus_n to_o the_o great_a evil_n of_o their_o posterity_n that_o neglect_v it_o homage_n but_o the_o saxon_n have_v only_o two_o kind_n of_o land_n bocland_n and_o folcland_n neither_o of_o they_o can_v be_v subject_a unto_o homage_n for_o the_o bocland_n which_o belong_v proper_o to_o their_o great_a thanes_z though_o it_o be_v hereditary_a yet_o be_v it_o alodium_fw-la and_o libera_fw-la ab_fw-la omni_fw-la seculari_fw-la gravedine_fw-la as_o before_o be_v show_v and_o thereby_o free_a from_o homage_n and_o the_o folcland_n be_v not_o otherwise_o grant_v by_o the_o king_n or_o his_o thanes_z than_o at_o will_n or_o for_o year_n or_o for_o life_n the_o tenant_n of_o it_o be_v not_o to_o do_v any_o homage_n for_o it_o for_o justice_n littleton_n 90._o bid_v we_o note_n that_o none_o shall_v do_v homage_n but_o such_o as_o have_v a_o estate_n in_o fee_n simple_a or_o fee_n tail_n etc._n etc._n for_o say_v he_o it_o be_v a_o maxim_n in_o law_n that_o he_o which_o have_v a_o estate_n but_o for_o term_n of_o life_n shall_v neither_o do_v homage_n nor_o take_v homage_n but_o admit_v the_o saxon_n have_v the_o ceremony_n of_o do_v homage_n among_o they_o yet_o be_v it_o not_o a_o certain_a mark_n of_o knights-service_n for_o it_o be_v usual_a also_o in_o socage-tenure_n and_o in_o elder_a age_n as_o well_o a_o personal_a duty_n as_o a_o praedial_a that_o be_v do_v to_o prince_n and_o great_a man_n either_o by_o compulsion_n for_o subjection_n or_o voluntary_a for_o their_o protection_n without_o receive_v any_o feud_n or_o other_o grant_n of_o land_n or_o benefit_n from_o they_o and_o he_o or_o they_o which_o in_o this_o manner_n put_v themselves_o into_o the_o homage_n of_o another_o for_o protection_n sake_n be_v then_o call_v homines_fw-la svi_fw-la and_o say_v commendare_fw-la se_fw-la in_o manus_fw-la ejus_fw-la or_o commendare_fw-la se_fw-la illi_fw-la and_o be_v thereupon_o sometime_o call_v homines_fw-la ejus_fw-la commendati_fw-la and_o sometime_o commendati_fw-la without_o homines_fw-la as_o in_o doomsday_n often_o spirawiâ—_n though_o we_o have_v lose_v the_o meaning_n of_o the_o phrase_n yet_o we_o use_v it_o even_o to_o this_o day_n commend_v i_o unto_o such_o a_o man_n which_o import_v as_o much_o as_o our_o new_a compliment_n take_v up_o from_o beyond_o the_o sea_n let_v he_o know_v that_o i_o be_o his_o servant_n see_v the_o quotation_n here_o annex_v and_o note_n that_o though_o the_o saxon_n do_v as_o we_o at_o this_o day_n call_v their_o servant_n and_o follower_n homines_fw-la suos_fw-la their_o man_n yet_o we_o no_o where_o find_v the_o word_n tenure_n or_o the_o ceremony_n of_o homage_n among_o they_o nor_o any_o speech_n of_o do_v or_o of_o respiting_a homage_n chap._n xxi_o what_o manner_n of_o fealty_n among_o the_o saxon_n fealty_n so_o for_o fealty_n if_o we_o shall_v apply_v every_o oath_n swear_v by_o servant_n and_o vassal_n for_o fidelity_n to_o their_o lord_n to_o belong_v unto_o fealty_n we_o may_v bring_v it_o from_o that_o which_o abraham_n impose_v upon_o his_o servant_n put_v thy_o hand_n under_o my_o thigh_n and_o swear_v etc._n etc._n for_o the_o saxon_n abound_v with_o oath_n in_o this_o kind_n follow_v therein_o their_o ancestor_n the_o german_n who_o as_o tacitus_n 46._o say_v take_v praecipuum_fw-la sacramentum_fw-la a_o principal_a oath_n to_o defend_v the_o lord_n of_o the_o territory_n under_o who_o they_o live_v and_o to_o ascribe_v their_o own_o valour_n to_o his_o glory_n so_o likewise_o the_o homines_fw-la commendati_fw-la before_o mention_v yea_o the_o famuli_fw-la ministeriale_n and_o household_n servant_n of_o noble_a person_n be_v in_o ancient_a time_n and_o within_o the_o memory_n of_o our_o father_n swear_v to_o be_v faithful_a to_o their_o lord_n fee_n these_o and_o such_o other_o be_v ancient_o the_o oath_n of_o fealty_n but_o illud_fw-la postremo_fw-la observandum_fw-la say_v bignonius_n a_o learned_a frenchman_n of_o the_o king_n be_v great_a council_n fidelitatem_fw-la hodie_fw-la quidem_fw-la feudi_fw-la causa_fw-la tantum_fw-la praestari_fw-la show_v far_o that_o fealty_n be_v first_o make_v to_o prince_n by_o the_o commendati_fw-la and_o fideles_fw-la without_o any_o feud_n give_v unto_o they_o and_o that_o the_o prince_n afterward_o do_v many_o time_n grant_v unto_o they_o feuda_fw-la vacantia_fw-la as_o to_o their_o servant_n but_o whether_o the_o oath_n of_o fealty_n be_v so_o bring_v in_o upon_o feodal_a tenant_n or_o be_v in_o use_n before_o he_o do_v not_o determine_v in_o the_o mean_a time_n it_o hereby_o appear_v that_o fealty_n in_o those_o day_n be_v personal_a as_o well_o as_o feodal_n or_o praedial_a which_o impose_v a_o necessity_n upon_o they_o of_o the_o contrary_a part_n in_o the_o report_n that_o if_o they_o meet_v with_o fealty_n among_o the_o saxon_n they_o must_v show_v it_o to_o be_v feodal_n and_o not_o personal_a for_o otherwise_o it_o maintain_v not_o their_o assertion_n i_o will_v help_v they_o with_o a_o pattern_n of_o fealty_n in_o those_o time_n where_o oswald_n bishop_n of_o worcester_n grant_v the_o land_n of_o his_o bishopric_n to_o many_o and_o sundry_a person_n for_o three_o life_n reserve_v a_o multitude_n of_o service_n to_o be_v do_v by_o they_o and_o bind_v they_o to_o swear_v that_o as_o long_o as_o they_o hold_v those_o land_n they_o shall_v continue_v in_o the_o commandment_n of_o the_o bishop_n with_o all_o subjection_n i_o take_v this_o to_o be_v a_o oath_n of_o fealty_n but_o we_o must_v consider_v whether_o it_o be_v personal_a or_o praedial_a if_o personal_a it_o nothing_o then_o concern_v tenor_n and_o consequent_o not_o our_o question_n if_o praedial_a then_o must_v it_o be_v inherent_a to_o the_o land_n which_o here_o it_o seem_v not_o to_o be_v but_o to_o arise_v by_o way_n of_o contract_n and_o be_v praedial_a must_v either_o be_v feodal_n as_o for_o land_n hold_v by_o knight-service_n or_o colonical_a as_o for_o land_n in_o socage_n if_o we_o say_v it_o be_v feodal_n then_o must_v there_o be_v homage_n also_o as_o well_o as_o fealty_n for_o homage_n be_v inseparable_a from_o a_o feud_n by_o knight-service_n but_o the_o estate_n here_o grant_v by_o oswald_n be_v no_o great_a than_o for_o life_n the_o grantee_n must_v not_o as_o we_o have_v show_v either_o make_v or_o take_v homage_n and_o be_v last_o but_o colonical_a or_o in_o socage_n it_o be_v no_o fruit_n of_o a_o tenure_n in_o capite_fw-la by_o knight-service_n nor_o belong_v therefore_o to_o our_o question_n so_o that_o if_o fealty_n be_v find_v among_o the_o saxon_n yet_o can_v it_o not_o be_v find_v to_o be_v a_o fruit_n of_o knight-service_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o the_o report_n pretend_v it_o see_v fidelitas_fw-la in_o my_o glossary_n chap._n xxii_o no_o escuage_z among_o the_o saxon_n what_o in_o the_o empire_n 〈…〉_z the_o word_n scutagium_fw-la and_o that_o of_o escuage_z be_v of_o such_o novelty_n beyond_o the_o sea_n as_o i_o find_v it_o not_o among_o the_o feudist_n no_o not_o among_o the_o french_a or_o norman_n themselves_o much_o less_o among_o the_o saxon_n yet_o i_o meet_v with_o a_o ancient_a law_n in_o the_o novella_n of_o constantine_n porphyrogenita_n emperor_n of_o greece_n in_o the_o year_n 780._o that_o give_v a_o specimen_fw-la of_o it_o though_o not_o the_o name_n 7._o quaedam_fw-la esse_fw-la praedia_fw-la militaria_fw-la quibus_fw-la cohaereat_fw-la onus_fw-la militiae_fw-la ita_fw-la ut_fw-la possessorem_fw-la necesse_fw-la sit_fw-la se_fw-la ad_fw-la militiam_fw-la comparare_fw-la domino_fw-la indicante_fw-la delectum_fw-la vel_fw-la si_fw-la nolit_fw-la aut_fw-la non_fw-la possit_fw-la se_fw-la ad_fw-la delectum_fw-la exhibere_fw-la certam_fw-la eo_fw-la nomine_fw-la pecuniam_fw-la fisco_fw-la dependere_fw-la quae_fw-la feudorum_fw-la omnium_fw-la lex_fw-la est_fw-la etc._n etc._n this_o tell_v we_o that_o there_o be_v certain_a land_n to_o which_o the_o burden_n of_o warfare_n be_v so_o adherent_a that_o every_o owner_n of_o they_o be_v tie_v upon_o summons_n make_v by_o his_o lord_n to_o make_v his_o appearance_n therein_o or_o else_o to_o pay_v certain_a money_n by_o way_n
very_a charter_n of_o the_o saxon_a king_n themselves_o shall_v stand_v together_o viz._n that_o their_o thanelands_n shall_v be_v liberae_fw-la ab_fw-la omni_fw-la seculari_fw-la gravedine_fw-la and_o yet_o be_v subject_a to_o that_o which_o of_o all_o other_o be_v most_o grievous_a viz._n our_o knights-service_n in_o capite_fw-la it_o may_v be_v answer_v as_o the_o report_n 2._o in_o another_o place_n deliver_v positive_o that_o tenure_n in_o capite_fw-la can_v be_v transfer_v or_o extinct_a by_o release_n or_o grant_v for_o it_o be_v a_o incident_a inseparable_o annex_v to_o the_o crown_n the_o answer_n be_v good_a if_o once_o they_o have_v make_v it_o appear_v that_o both_o this_o tenure_n and_o this_o law_n be_v in_o force_n in_o the_o saxon_n time_n there_o be_v nothing_o show_v to_o prove_v that_o suggestion_n and_o be_v it_o true_a i_o shall_v desire_v no_o better_a argument_n on_o my_o behalf_n than_o what_o the_o place_n itself_o bring_v with_o it_o for_o if_o thaneland_n be_v convert_v into_o reveland_n and_o that_o reveland_n signify_v socage-land_n than_o it_o be_v as_o manifest_a as_o the_o sun_n that_o tainland_n do_v not_o signify_v land_n hold_v by_o knights-service_n in_o capite_fw-la for_o if_o it_o do_v then_o can_v it_o not_o decline_v into_o socage-tenure_n as_o their_o own_o maxim_n do_v demonstrate_v false_a if_o there_o be_v a_o cloud_n before_o this_o sun_n i_o shall_v remove_v it_o also_o my_o lord_n coke_n cite_v this_o place_n out_o of_o doomsday_n note_v in_o the_o margin_n herefordsâ—_n but_o deliver_v both_o the_o title_n and_o the_o text_n by_o half_n the_o title_n be_v hereford_n rex_fw-la the_o text_n thus_o haec_fw-la terra_fw-la fuit_fw-la tempore_fw-la edwardi_fw-la regis_fw-la tainland_n sed_fw-la postea_fw-la conversa_fw-la est_fw-la in_o reveland_n et_fw-la idem_fw-la dicunt_fw-la legati_fw-la regis_fw-la quod_fw-la ipsa_fw-la terra_fw-la &_o census_fw-la qui_fw-la inde_fw-la exit_fw-la furtim_fw-la aufertur_fw-la regi_fw-la the_o very_a title_n discover_v the_o tenure_n for_o if_o it_o be_v terra_fw-la regis_fw-la as_o the_o word_n rex_n declare_v it_o than_o it_o be_v plain_o ancient_a demesne_n and_o every_o lawyer_n will_v tell_v we_o that_o in_o ancient_a demesne_n there_o be_v no_o tenure_n by_o knights-service_n but_o whole_o in_o socage_n so_o that_o this_o cloud_n now_o vanish_v into_o the_o air_n and_o our_o tainland_n be_v clear_o discover_v to_o be_v but_o socage_n i_o shall_v speak_v more_o of_o it_o afterward_o doomsday_n but_o what_o construction_n shall_v we_o now_o find_v for_o the_o word_n in_o doomsday_n tainland_n conversa_fw-la est_fw-la in_o reveland_n hoc_fw-la opus_fw-la hic_fw-la labour_n est_fw-la it_o be_v sufficient_a for_o i_o to_o have_v quit_v myself_o of_o the_o objection_n they_o must_v seek_v some_o new_a interpretation_n yet_o will_v i_o help_v they_o what_o i_o can_v in_o that_o also_o i_o suppose_v that_o the_o land_n which_o be_v here_o say_v to_o have_v be_v thaneland_n t._n e._n r._n and_o after_o convert_v into_o regis_fw-la reveland_n be_v such_o land_n as_o be_v revert_v to_o the_o king_n after_o the_o death_n of_o his_o thane_n who_o have_v it_o for_o life_n be_v not_o since_o grant_v out_o to_o any_o by_o the_o king_n but_o rest_v in_o charge_n upon_o the_o account_n of_o the_o reve_n or_o bailiff_n of_o the_o manor_n who_o as_o it_o seem_v be_v in_o this_o lordship_n of_o hereford_n like_o the_o reve_n in_o chaucer_n a_o false_a brother_n conceal_v the_o land_n from_o the_o auditor_n and_o keep_v the_o profit_n of_o it_o to_o himself_o till_o the_o surveior_n who_o be_v here_o call_v legati_fw-la regis_fw-la discover_v this_o falsehood_n and_o present_v to_o the_o king_n that_o furtim_fw-la aufertur_fw-la regi_fw-la as_o by_o the_o word_n in_o the_o latter_a part_n of_o the_o paragraph_n which_o my_o lord_n coke_n recite_v appear_v beside_o all_o this_o why_o shall_v the_o come_n of_o these_o land_n into_o the_o reve_n account_n alter_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o tenure_n see_v all_o man_n know_v that_o the_o reves_n and_o bailiff_n of_o manor_n govern_v and_o dispose_v the_o land_n thereof_o as_o well_o which_o be_v hold_v by_o knights-service_n as_o those_o in_o socage_n custumary_n as_o for_o the_o old_a french_a ms._n custumary_n which_o they_o affirm_v do_v mention_v tenor_n by_o knights-service_n long_o before_o the_o saxon_n even_o in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o britain_n i_o doubt_v not_o but_o there_o may_v be_v such_o a_o passage_n in_o it_o for_o the_o law_n which_o they_o ascribe_v to_o edward_n the_o confessor_n for_o prove_v feud_n to_o be_v in_o use_n in_o his_o time_n affirm_v also_o that_o the_o law_n dignity_n liberty_n etc._n etc._n of_o the_o city_n of_o london_n be_v at_o that_o day_n the_o same_o which_o be_v in_o old_a great_a troy_n but_o as_o they_o in_o the_o report_n wave_v the_o one_o so_o i_o take_v they_o both_o for_o romance_n and_o pass_v they_o over_o as_o not_o worth_a a_o answer_n have_v thus_o particular_o answer_v every_o argument_n inference_n and_o objection_n produce_v in_o the_o report_n to_o prove_v our_o feud_n and_o form_n of_o tenor_n to_o have_v be_v in_o use_n among_o our_o saxon_n i_o shall_v now_o conclude_v that_o it_o neither_o be_v nor_o can_v be_v so_o unless_o we_o shall_v assume_v that_o our_o poor_a illiterate_a saxon_n in_o a_o corner_n of_o the_o world_n be_v the_o author_n of_o the_o feodal_n law_n and_o give_v the_o precedent_n thereof_o to_o the_o german_n longobard_n french_a italian_n and_o the_o empire_n for_o in_o none_o of_o these_o be_v it_o otherwise_o extant_a till_o about_o the_o end_n of_o our_o saxon_a monarchy_n then_o by_o such_o bud_v and_o branch_n as_o we_o former_o have_v express_v out_o of_o caesar_n tacitus_n and_o some_o other_o chap._n xxv_o how_o the_o saxon_n hold_v their_o land_n and_o what_o oblige_v they_o to_o so_o many_o kind_n of_o service_n it_o come_v now_o in_o question_n how_o the_o saxon_n hold_v their_o land_n and_o what_o oblige_v they_o to_o that_o multitude_n of_o service_n which_o lay_v upon_o they_o both_o in_o war_n and_o peace_n 〈…〉_z as_o for_o tenor_n i_o still_o say_v that_o they_o have_v not_o the_o name_n in_o use_n among_o they_o yet_o like_o the_o jew_n the_o greek_n the_o roman_n and_o other_o ancient_a nation_n a_o multitude_n of_o service_n whereof_o some_o be_v personal_a and_o some_o praedial_n 〈◊〉_d personal_a service_n be_v those_o which_o a_o man_n do_v for_o his_o person_n or_o personal_a estate_n either_o general_o to_o the_o king_n and_o commonwealth_n in_o public_a occasion_n as_o in_o the_o trinodi_fw-la necessitate_v etc._n etc._n or_o particular_o to_o his_o own_o lord_n upon_o particular_a agreement_n between_o they_o like_o the_o commendati_fw-la before_o mention_v and_o some_o ministerial_a officer_n and_o domestic_a servant_n 〈◊〉_d praedial_a service_n be_v that_o which_o be_v do_v after_o the_o same_o manner_n to_o the_o king_n or_o his_o lord_n for_o land_n only_o and_o this_o be_v of_o three_o sort_n alodial_a beneficiary_a and_o colonical_a â—â—â—â—ice_n alodial_a service_n be_v that_o which_o the_o great_a thanes_z and_o other_o who_o have_v alodial_a land_n otherwise_o call_v bocland_n and_o as_o i_o take_v it_o gavelkind_a and_o hereditary_a land_n be_v tie_v to_o do_v pro_fw-la bono_fw-mi publico_fw-la to_o the_o king_n and_o commonwealth_n in_o respect_n of_o those_o land_n though_o by_o the_o feudal_n law_n that_o kind_n of_o land_n be_v free_a from_o all_o tenure_n and_o feodal_n service_n i_o shall_v not_o therefore_o use_v this_o solecism_n to_o call_v they_o service_n if_o the_o dialect_n of_o our_o law_n afford_v i_o some_o other_o fit_a expression_n but_o the_o saxon_n themselves_o term_v they_o land-rights_a not_o service_n of_o which_o sort_n be_v the_o trinodis_fw-la necessitas_fw-la of_o expedition_n burghbote_n and_o brigbote_n the_o guard_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o of_o the_o peace_n attendance_n upon_o the_o king_n summons_n for_o his_o park_n or_o palace_n before_o express_v and_o beside_o they_o all_o the_o tribute_n of_o danegelt_n etc._n etc._n service_n beneficiary_a service_n be_v those_o which_o be_v do_v by_o the_o middling_a or_o lesser_a thanes_z to_o the_o king_n and_o the_o great_a thanes_z either_o military_o in_o war_n or_o ministerial_o in_o peace_n for_o those_o portion_n of_o out-land_n which_o be_v grant_v to_o they_o temporary_o as_o at_o will_n of_o the_o lord_n or_o for_o life_n or_o life_n be_v then_o call_v beneficia_fw-la but_o be_v extend_v after_o to_o perpetuity_n they_o be_v name_v by_o the_o norman_n feoda_n the_o creation_n manner_n variety_n and_o multitude_n of_o they_o you_o shall_v see_v in_o the_o charter_n of_o bishop_n oswald_n by_z and_o by_o ensue_v 〈◊〉_d colonical_a service_n be_v those_o which_o be_v do_v by_o the_o ceorl_n and_o socman_n that_o be_v husbandman_n to_o their_o lord_n the_o king_n and_o thanes_z of_o all_o sort_n
for_o some_o portion_n also_o of_o their_o out-land_n these_o be_v after_o call_v feoda_fw-it rustica_fw-la beyond_o the_o sea_n with_o we_o socage-land_n and_o be_v hold_v at_o pleasure_n of_o their_o lord_n either_o by_o render_v part_n of_o the_o profit_n thereupon_o grow_v or_o rear_v as_o victual_n especial_o in_o saxon_a call_v feorm_n etc._n etc._n whereof_o see_v the_o rate_n in_o the_o law_n of_o king_n ina_n chap._n 70._o or_o by_o do_v some_o work_n of_o husbandry_n upon_o the_o lord_n inland_n now_o call_v his_o demean_n as_o tillage_n carriage_n harvest-work_n etc._n etc._n among_o all_o these_o diversity_n of_o service_n none_o come_v so_o near_o to_o the_o nature_n of_o feud_n and_o tenor_n as_o the_o beneficiary_n do_v let_v we_o therefore_o consider_v they_o the_o more_o serious_o by_o that_o notable_a pattern_n of_o they_o leave_v unto_o we_o from_o bishop_n oswald_n who_o divide_v much_o of_o the_o land_n of_o his_o church_n of_o worcester_n into_o those_o kind_n of_o portion_n which_o after_o the_o feodal_n word_n then_o in_o use_n he_o call_v beneficia_fw-la grant_v the_o same_o unto_o his_o thanes_z and_o follower_n not_o by_o the_o name_n of_o his_o milites_fw-la or_o tenentes_fw-la but_o of_o his_o fidos_fw-la subditos_fw-la for_o the_o term_n of_o three_o life_n according_a to_o the_o manner_n which_o they_o retain_v in_o those_o part_n even_o to_o this_o day_n and_o reserve_v to_o his_o church_n and_o successor_n not_o homagium_fw-la &_o sâ—rvitium_fw-la the_o material_a word_n in_o tenure_n to_o create_v knights-service_n in_o the_o feodal_n law_n but_o the_o service_n mention_v in_o his_o charter_n secundum_fw-la conventionem_fw-la cum_fw-la eye_n factam_fw-la &_o sponsionem_fw-la svam_fw-la as_o the_o very_a word_n be_v there_o express_o but_o hear_v the_o charter_n or_o rather_o epistle_n as_o he_o himself_o call_v it_o which_o the_o king_n confirm_v and_o a_o council_n the_o aranga_n or_o preamble_n of_o it_o be_v a_o thankful_a acknowledgement_n of_o king_n edgar_n bounty_n and_o goodness_n to_o he_o the_o bishop_n and_o his_o church_n the_o conclusion_n after_o the_o manner_n of_o those_o time_n a_o curse_n and_o heavy_a imprecation_n against_o all_o such_o as_o shall_v spoil_v or_o violate_v the_o same_o both_o which_o be_v long_o and_o nothing_o to_o our_o purpose_n i_o think_v convenient_a here_o to_o pretermit_v the_o rest_n be_v as_o follow_v under_o the_o title_n give_v it_o in_o the_o manuscript_n chap._n xxvi_o the_o charter_n whereby_o oswald_n bishop_n of_o worcester_n dispose_v divers_a land_n of_o his_o church_n after_o the_o feodal_n manner_n of_o that_o time_n entitle_v indiculum_fw-la libertatis_fw-la de_fw-la oswaldes-lawes-hundred_n domino_fw-la meo_fw-la charissimo_fw-la regi_fw-la anglorum_fw-la edgaro_n ego_fw-la oswaldus_n wigorniensis_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la episcopus_fw-la etc._n etc._n quare_fw-la quomodo_fw-la fidos_fw-la mihi_fw-la subditos_fw-la telluribus_fw-la quae_fw-la meae_fw-la traditae_fw-la sunt_fw-la potestati_fw-la per_fw-la spatium_fw-la temporis_fw-la trium_fw-la hominum_fw-la id_fw-la est_fw-la duorum_fw-la post_fw-la se_fw-la haeredum_fw-la condonarem_fw-la placuit_fw-la tam_fw-la mihi_fw-la quam_fw-la ipsis_fw-la fautoribus_fw-la &_o consiliariis_fw-la meis_fw-la cum_fw-la ipsius_fw-la domini_fw-la mei_fw-la regis_fw-la licentia_fw-la &_o attestatione_n ut_fw-la fratribus_fw-la meis_fw-la successoribus_fw-la scil_n episcopis_fw-la per_fw-la chirographi_fw-la cautionem_fw-la apertius_fw-la enuclearem_fw-la ut_fw-la sciant_fw-la quid_fw-la ab_fw-la eye_n extorquere_fw-la just_a debeant_fw-la secundum_fw-la conventionem_fw-la cum_fw-la eye_n factam_fw-la &_o sponsionem_fw-la svam_fw-la unde_fw-la &_o hanc_fw-la epistolam_fw-la ob_fw-la cautelae_fw-la causam_fw-la componere_fw-la studui_fw-la nequis_fw-la malignae_fw-la cupiditatis_fw-la instinctu_fw-la hoc_fw-la sequenti_fw-la tempore_fw-la mutare_fw-la volens_fw-la abjurare_fw-la a_o servitio_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la queat_fw-la haec_fw-la itaque_fw-la conventio_fw-la cum_fw-la eye_n facta_fw-la est_fw-la ipso_fw-la domino_fw-la meo_fw-la rege_fw-la annuente_fw-la &_o sua_fw-la attestatione_n munificentae_fw-la suae_fw-la largitatem_fw-la roborante_a &_o confirmante_fw-la omnibusque_fw-la ipsius_fw-la regiminis_fw-la sapientibus_fw-la &_o principibus_fw-la attestantibus_fw-la &_o consentientibus_fw-la hoc_fw-la pacto_fw-la eye_n terras_fw-la sanctae_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la sub_fw-la i_o tenere_fw-la concessi_fw-la hoc_fw-la est_fw-la ut_fw-la omnis_fw-la equitandi_fw-la lex_fw-la ab_fw-la eye_n impleatur_fw-la quae_fw-la ad_fw-la equites_fw-la pertinet_fw-la &_o ut_fw-la pleniter_fw-la persolvant_fw-la omne_fw-la quae_fw-la ad_fw-la jus_o ipsius_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la just_a competunt_fw-la scil_n ea_fw-la quae_fw-la anglice_fw-la dicuntur_fw-la ciricsceott_n &_o toll_n id_fw-la est_fw-la thelonium_fw-la &_o tacc_n id_fw-la est_fw-la swinseade_n &_o cetera_fw-la jura_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la nisi_fw-la episcopus_fw-la alicui_fw-la eorum_fw-la quid_fw-la pardonare_fw-la voluerit_fw-la seseque_fw-la quamdiu_fw-la ipsas_fw-la terras_fw-la tenent_fw-la in_o mandatis_fw-la pontificis_fw-la humiliter_fw-la cum_fw-la omni_fw-la subjectione_n perseverare_fw-la etiam_fw-la jurejurando_fw-la affirment_fw-la super_fw-la haec_fw-la etiam_fw-la ad_fw-la omnis_fw-la industriae_fw-la episcopi_fw-la indigentiam_fw-la semet_fw-la ipsos_fw-la praesto_fw-la impendant_fw-la equos_fw-la praestent_fw-la ipsi_fw-la equitent_a &_o ad_fw-la totum_fw-la piramiticum_fw-la opus_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la calcis_fw-la atque_fw-la ad_fw-la pontis_fw-la aedificum_fw-la ultro_fw-la inveniantur_fw-la parati_fw-la sed_fw-la &_o venationis_fw-la sepem_fw-la domini_fw-la episcopi_fw-la ultronei_fw-la ad_fw-la aedificandum_fw-la repperiantur_fw-la suaque_fw-la quandocunque_fw-la domino_fw-la episcopo_fw-la libuerit_fw-la venabula_fw-la destinent_a venatum_fw-la insuper_fw-la ad_fw-la multas_fw-la alius_fw-la indigentiae_fw-la causas_fw-la quibus_fw-la opus_fw-la est_fw-la domino_fw-la antistiti_fw-la saepe_fw-la furnisci_fw-la sive_fw-la ad_fw-la suum_fw-la servitium_fw-la sive_fw-la ad_fw-la regale_n explendum_fw-la semper_fw-la illius_fw-la archiductoris_fw-la dominatui_fw-la &_o voluntati_fw-la qui_fw-la episcopatui_fw-la praesidet_fw-la propter_fw-la beneficium_fw-la quod_fw-la illis_fw-la praestitum_fw-la est_fw-la cum_fw-la omni_fw-la humilitate_fw-la &_o subjectione_n subditi_fw-la fiant_fw-la secundum_fw-la ipsius_fw-la voluntatem_fw-la &_o terrarum_fw-la quas_fw-la cuique_fw-la possidet_fw-la quantitatem_fw-la decurso_fw-la autem_fw-la praefati_fw-la temporis_fw-la curriculo_fw-la viz._n duorum_fw-la qui_fw-la post_fw-la eos_fw-la qui_fw-la eas_fw-la mode_n possident_fw-la haeredum_fw-la aquavitae_fw-la spatio_fw-la in_fw-la ipsius_fw-la antistitis_fw-la sit_fw-la arbitrio_fw-la quid_fw-la inde_fw-la velit_fw-la &_o quomodo_fw-la svi_fw-la velle_fw-la sit_fw-la inde_fw-la ita_fw-la stet_fw-la sive_fw-la ad_fw-la suum_fw-la opus_fw-la eas_fw-la retinere_fw-la si_fw-la sic_fw-la sibi_fw-la utile_fw-la judicaverit_fw-la sive_fw-la eas_fw-la alicui_fw-la diutius_fw-la praestare_fw-la si_fw-la sic_fw-la sibi_fw-la placuerit_fw-la velit_fw-la ita_fw-la duntaxat_fw-la ut_fw-la semper_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la servitia_fw-la pleniter_fw-la ut_fw-la praefati_fw-la sumus_fw-la inde_fw-la persolvantur_fw-la ast_n si_fw-la quid_fw-la praefatorum_fw-la delicti_fw-la praevaricantis_fw-la causa_fw-la defuerit_fw-la jurum_fw-la praevaricationis_fw-la delictum_fw-la secundum_fw-la quod_fw-la praesulis_fw-la jus_o est_fw-la emendet_fw-la aut_fw-la illo_fw-la quo_fw-la antea_fw-la potitus_fw-la est_fw-la dono_fw-la &_o terra_fw-la careat_fw-la siquis_fw-la vero_fw-la diabolo_fw-it instigante_fw-la etc._n etc._n charter_n the_o sum_n of_o all_o aforesaid_a be_v that_o the_o bishop_n tenant_n shall_v pay_v and_o do_v as_o follow_v first_o that_o they_o shall_v perform_v all_o duty_n that_o belong_v to_o horseman_n that_o they_o shall_v pay_v all_o thing_n that_o be_v due_a unto_o the_o church_n and_o perform_v all_o other_o right_n that_o belong_v to_o it_o that_o they_o shall_v swear_v to_o be_v in_o all_o humble_a subjection_n at_o the_o command_n of_o the_o bishop_n as_o long_o as_o they_o shall_v hold_v these_o land_n of_o he_o that_o as_o often_o as_o the_o occasion_n of_o the_o bishop_n shall_v so_o require_v they_o shall_v present_v themselves_o to_o be_v ready_a for_o it_o and_o shall_v both_o furnish_v he_o with_o horse_n and_o ride_v themselves_o that_o of_o their_o own_o accord_n they_o shall_v be_v ready_a to_o perform_v all_o the_o work_n about_o the_o steeple_n of_o that_o church_n and_o for_o the_o build_n of_o castle_n and_o bridges_n that_o they_o shall_v ready_o help_v to_o fence_v in_o the_o bishop_n park_n and_o to_o furnish_v he_o with_o hunt_v weapon_n when_o he_o go_v a_o hunt_n that_o in_o many_o other_o case_n when_o the_o occasion_n of_o the_o lord_n bishop_n shall_v require_v whether_o it_o be_v for_o his_o own_o service_n or_o for_o the_o king_n service_n they_o shall_v in_o all_o humbleness_n and_o subjection_n be_v obedient_a to_o the_o chief_a captain_n or_o leader_n of_o the_o bishopric_n for_o the_o grant_v benefit_n do_v unto_o they_o and_o the_o quantity_n of_o land_n which_o every_o one_o of_o they_o possess_v that_o after_o the_o expiration_n of_o the_o three_o life_n the_o land_n shall_v return_v again_o to_o the_o bishopric_n that_o if_o there_o be_v any_o defect_n in_o perform_v the_o premise_n by_o reason_n that_o some_o shall_v vary_v or_o break_v the_o agreement_n the_o delinquent_n shall_v make_v satisfaction_n according_a to_o the_o justice_n of_o the_o bishop_n or_o shall_v forfeit_v the_o land_n which_o he_o have_v of_o his_o gift_n i_o suppose_v that_o this_o be_v the_o common_a manner_n of_o grant_n and_o reservation_n in_o those_o
time_n and_o that_o they_o be_v not_o make_v otherwise_o than_o for_o life_n or_o three_o life_n for_o so_o i_o find_v they_o in_o the_o abby-book_n and_o i_o also_o suppose_v that_o they_o to_o who_o these_o land_n be_v grant_v be_v the_o thani_n episcopi_fw-la &_o thani_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la speak_v of_o in_o doomsday-book_n and_o that_o the_o land_n themselves_o be_v such_o as_o in_o the_o same_o book_n be_v usual_o call_v thain-land_n ecclesiae_fw-la episcopi_fw-la and_o abbatis_n but_o i_o see_v they_o be_v lade_v with_o many_o service_n which_o the_o land_n of_o the_o king_n thane_n in_o respect_n of_o his_o dignity_n and_o person_n be_v free_a from_o therefore_o when_o this_o very_a bishop_n by_o another_o charter_n grant_v tres_fw-la cassatas_fw-la three_o hide_n of_o land_n in_o cungle_v cuidam_fw-la ministro_fw-la regis_fw-la to_o one_o of_o the_o king_n thanes_z name_v alfwold_n and_o to_o his_o mother_n if_o she_o survive_v during_o their_o life_n he_o put_v no_o service_n upon_o the_o king_n thane_n but_o say_v plena_fw-la glorietur_fw-la libertate_fw-la excepta_fw-la expeditione_n rata_fw-la pontis_fw-la arcisve_fw-la constructione_n the_o common_a exception_n in_o grant_n unto_o the_o king_n thanes_z as_o before_z appear_z and_o yet_o the_o service_n thereby_o except_v belong_v not_o either_o to_o the_o bishop_n or_o the_o king_n himself_o otherwise_o than_o pro_fw-la bono_fw-mi publico_fw-la and_o common_a necessity_n after_o all_o this_o i_o beat_v still_o upon_o the_o old_a string_n that_o here_o yet_o be_v nothing_o to_o prove_v wardship_n or_o marriage_n or_o as_o the_o law_n then_o stand_v a_o tenure_n by_o knights-service_n for_o we_o have_v make_v it_o manifest_v that_o expedition_n and_o build_n of_o castle_n and_o bridges_n be_v no_o feodal_n service_n nor_o grow_v by_o tenure_n and_o as_o for_o these_o that_o be_v tie_v to_o ride_v and_o go_v up_o and_o down_o with_o their_o lord_n baraterius_n a_o old_a 8._o feudist_n say_v that_o a_o knight_n fee_n may_v be_v give_v so_o ut_fw-la vassallus_fw-la in_o diebus_fw-la festivis_fw-la cum_fw-la uxore_fw-la domini_fw-la ad_fw-la ecclesiam_fw-la vadat_fw-la and_o the_o feudal_a law_n itself_o infer_v as_o much_o lib._n 2._o tit._n 3._o but_o our_o bracton_n speak_v of_o our_o law_n here_o in_o england_n the_o invest_v feud_n in_o his_o time_n touch_v such_o tenant_n call_v they_o rodknight_n alias_o radknight_n lib._n 2._o cap._n 35._o nu_fw-la 6._o ut_fw-la siquis_fw-la debeat_fw-la equitare_fw-la cum_fw-la domino_fw-la svo_fw-la de_fw-la manerio_fw-la in_o manerium_fw-la and_o say_v not_o that_o it_o be_v knight-service_n but_o that_o it_o be_v a_o serjantie_n and_o that_o although_o such_o sometime_o do_v homage_n yet_o the_o lord_n shall_v not_o have_v ward_n and_o marriage_n admit_v notwithstanding_o that_o it_o be_v knight-service_n and_o that_o the_o land_n thus_o hold_v be_v knight_n fee_n during_o the_o life_n of_o the_o tenant_n yet_o where_o be_v the_o wardship_n marriage_n and_o relief_n who_o shall_v undergo_v these_o servitude_n since_o the_o tenure_n and_o all_o the_o service_n be_v determine_v with_o the_o life_n of_o the_o tenant_n chap._n xxvii_o inducement_n to_o the_o conclusion_n see_v then_o that_o neither_o the_o great_a thanes_z nor_o the_o lesser_a thanes_z among_o the_o saxon_n be_v subject_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o our_o knight-service_n upon_o who_o then_o if_o it_o be_v in_o use_n among_o they_o do_v it_o lie_v for_o as_o touch_v the_o clergy_n it_o be_v say_v in_o the_o law_n of_o edw._n the_o confessor_n cap._n 11._o that_o the_o king_n and_o the_o people_n magis_fw-la in_o ecclesiae_fw-la confidebant_fw-la orationibus_fw-la quam_fw-la in_o armorum_fw-la defensionibus_fw-la and_o the_o report_n itself_o confess_v pag._n 3._o in_o pede_fw-la that_o the_o possession_n of_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n be_v first_o make_v subject_n to_o knight-service_n in_o capite_fw-la by_o william_n the_o conqueror_n in_o the_o four_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n for_o their_o land_n be_v hold_v in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o saxon_n in_o pura_fw-la &_o libera_fw-la eleemosyna_fw-la free_a ab_fw-la omni_fw-la servitio_fw-la seculari_fw-la etc._n etc._n though_o this_o be_v not_o true_a in_o the_o latter_a part_n be_v strict_o take_v for_o no_o doubt_n their_o land_n be_v subject_a to_o the_o trinodi_fw-la necessitati_fw-la viz._n expeditioni_fw-la pontis_fw-la arcisque_fw-la constructioni_fw-la as_o before_o appear_v yet_o come_v it_o very_o fit_o to_o my_o purpose_n for_o hereby_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o if_o the_o trinodis_fw-la necessitas_fw-la make_v no_o tenure_n by_o knight-service_n or_o in_o capite_fw-la in_o the_o church_n land_n than_o neither_o do_v it_o in_o the_o thaneland_n as_o before_o we_o have_v show_v and_o then_o much_o less_o in_o the_o land_n of_o churl_n and_o husbandman_n common_o call_v the_o socmanni_n for_o it_o be_v agree_v on_o all_o hand_n that_o their_o land_n be_v hold_v no_o otherwise_o than_o by_o socage_n therefore_o if_o all_o kent_n in_o the_o saxon_n time_n be_v gavelkind_a then_o can_v there_o be_v no_o tenor_n by_o knight-service_n in_o all_o that_o county_n for_o glanvil_n lib._n 7._o c._n 3._o tell_v we_o that_o where_o the_o inheritance_n be_v divideable_a among_o the_o son_n it_o be_v socage_n and_o his_o reason_n be_v because_o that_o where_o it_o be_v hold_v by_o knight-service_n the_o primogenitus_fw-la succedit_fw-la in_o toto_fw-la this_o kentish_a custom_n be_v ab_fw-la initio_fw-la the_o general_a law_n of_o england_n and_o of_o all_o nation_n jew_n 2_o greek_n roman_n and_o the_o rest_n and_o so_o continue_v even_o till_o this_o day_n where_o the_o feodal_n law_n have_v not_o alter_v it_o which_o first_o happen_v here_o in_o england_n when_o the_o norman_n introduce_v their_o feud_n settle_v the_o whole_a inheritance_n of_o they_o upon_o the_o elder_a son_n which_o the_o ancient_a feodal_n law_n itself_o do_v not_o as_o we_o before_o have_v note_v till_o feud_n be_v grow_v perpetual_a the_o reason_n as_o i_o take_v it_o that_o beget_v this_o alteration_n be_v for_o that_o while_o the_o feud_n do_v descend_v in_o gavelkind_a to_o the_o son_n and_o nephew_n of_o the_o feodatorie_n the_o service_n be_v suspend_v till_o the_o lord_n have_v choose_v which_o of_o the_o son_n he_o will_v have_v for_o his_o tenant_n and_o then_o it_o be_v uncertain_a whether_o the_o party_n choose_v will_v accept_v of_o the_o feud_n or_o not_o for_o sometime_o there_o may_v be_v reason_n to_o refuse_v it_o to_o return_v where_o i_o leave_v it_o make_v to_o the_o proof_n of_o all_o this_o that_o have_v be_v say_v and_o for_o conclusion_n seem_v to_o be_v unanswerable_a that_o the_o old_a inheritance_n which_o in_o the_o saxon_n time_n belong_v to_o the_o crown_n call_v in_o doomsday_n terra_fw-la regis_fw-la and_o in_o the_o law_n book_n ancient_a demesne_n contain_v a_o great_a part_n of_o every_o county_n have_v not_o any_o land_n within_o it_o or_o within_o any_o manor_n thereof_o hold_v by_o knight-service_n for_o fitz-herbert_n d._n say_v that_o nul_fw-fr terres_fw-la sont_fw-fr ancient_a demesne_fw-la forsque_fw-la terres_fw-la tenus_fw-la en_fw-fr socage_n and_o therefore_o if_o the_o tenant_n in_o ancient_a demesne_n will_v claim_v to_o hold_v of_o the_o lord_n by_o knights-service_n it_o be_v good_a cause_n to_o remove_v the_o plea_n because_o that_o no_o land_n hold_v of_o a_o manor_n which_o be_v ancient_a demesne_n be_v hold_v by_o other_o service_n of_o the_o lord_n than_o by_o socage_n for_o the_o tenant_n in_o ancient_a demesne_n be_v call_v socmanni_n that_o be_v to_o say_v tenant_n deal_v carve_v angl._n le_fw-fr plough_n thus_o far_o fitz-herbert_n now_o if_o in_o the_o manor_n of_o the_o king_n himself_o there_o be_v then_o no_o land_n hold_v by_o knight-service_n throughout_o all_o england_n it_o will_v then_o in_o all_o probability_n follow_v that_o there_o be_v none_o likewise_o among_o his_o subject_n in_o the_o saxon_n time_n and_o consequent_o that_o our_o feudal_n law_n be_v not_o introduce_v before_o the_o conquest_n mr._n cambden_n by_o their_o own_o confession_n be_v of_o the_o same_o opinion_n and_o mr._n selden_n himself_o who_o they_o allege_v against_o i_o be_v clear_o with_o i_o as_o before_o i_o have_v show_v if_o these_o our_o three_o opinion_n avail_v nothing_o we_o have_v yet_o a_o four_o to_o strengthen_v bracton_n we_o great_a bracton_n the_o most_o learned_a in_o our_o ancient_a law_n and_o custom_n that_o have_v be_v in_o this_o kingdom_n who_o speak_v of_o forinsecum_fw-la servitium_fw-la as_o the_o genus_fw-la to_o these_o tenor_n say_v lib._n 2._o cap._n 16._o nu._n 7._o fol._n 36._o a._n that_o it_o be_v call_v regale_n servitium_fw-la quia_fw-la spectat_fw-la ad_fw-la dominum_fw-la regem_fw-la &_o non_fw-la ad_fw-la alium_fw-la &_o secundum_fw-la quod_fw-la in_o conquestu_fw-la fuit_fw-la adinventum_fw-la here_o bracton_n also_o refer_v the_o invention_n to_o the_o conquest_n but_o the_o report_n wave_v his_o opinion_n as_o well_o as_o we_o notwithstanding_o
to_o the_o grant_n whether_o it_o be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o grant_n and_o the_o modus_fw-la concessionis_fw-la or_o whether_o it_o be_v a_o distinct_a thing_n and_o aliud_fw-la from_o the_o grant_n for_o so_o the_o print_a case_n represent_v their_o opinion_n if_o the_o reservation_n of_o the_o tenure_n and_o the_o grant_v of_o the_o land_n be_v aliud_fw-la &_o aliud_fw-la two_o distinct_a thing_n in_o the_o consideration_n of_o the_o whole_a grant_v make_v and_o the_o authority_n give_v by_o the_o say_a commission_n for_o the_o make_v thereof_o then_o the_o patent_n may_v be_v void_a as_o to_o the_o tenure_n and_o yet_o good_a for_o the_o grant_v of_o the_o land_n but_o if_o the_o reservation_n of_o the_o tenure_n be_v incident_a unto_o the_o authority_n and_o include_v within_o it_o and_o the_o reservation_n of_o the_o tenure_n and_o the_o grant_v of_o the_o land_n make_v up_o but_o one_o entire_a grant_n so_o that_o the_o one_o be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o other_o and_o the_o reservation_n of_o the_o tenure_n be_v modus_fw-la concessionis_fw-la then_o the_o grant_n of_o the_o land_n reserve_v a_o diverse_a or_o contrary_a tenure_n to_o that_o which_o their_o nude_v authority_n do_v warrant_v they_o to_o reserve_v be_v a_o do_v of_o idem_fw-la alio_fw-la modo_fw-la and_o so_o the_o whole_a act_n be_v void_a they_o who_o plead_v for_o the_o validity_n of_o the_o letter_n patent_n as_o to_o the_o land_n and_o their_o be_v void_a only_o as_o to_o the_o tenure_n urge_v among_o other_o argument_n that_o tenor_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v bring_v into_o england_n by_o the_o conquest_n but_o grant_n be_v by_o the_o common-law_n and_o therefore_o grant_v be_v more_o ancient_a than_o tenor_n the_o tenure_n must_v of_o necessity_n be_v aliud_fw-la from_o the_o thing_n grant_v and_o to_o prove_v that_o this_o tenure_n come_v in_o with_o the_o conqueror_n they_o cite_v mr._n selden_n in_o his_o spicileg_n ad_fw-la eadmerum_fw-la p._n 194._o where_o he_o have_v that_o out_o of_o bracton_n de_fw-fr acquir_n rerum_fw-la dominio_fw-la b._n 2._o forinsecum_fw-la servitium_fw-la dicitur_fw-la regale_n servitium_fw-la quia_fw-la spectat_fw-la ad_fw-la dominum_fw-la regem_fw-la &_o non_fw-la ad_fw-la alium_fw-la &_o secundum_fw-la quod_fw-la in_o conquestu_fw-la fuit_fw-la adinventum_fw-la but_o this_o argument_n and_o the_o authority_n be_v both_o over-ruld_a and_o it_o be_v affirm_v that_o tenor_n be_v not_o bring_v into_o england_n by_o the_o conqueror_n but_o be_v common_a among_o the_o saxon_n their_o answer_n to_o mr._n selden_n opinion_n with_o the_o reason_n upon_o which_o they_o ground_v their_o position_n i_o will_v transcribe_v at_o large_a from_o the_o print_a case_n the_o book_n be_v very_o scarce_o and_o this_o the_o only_a point_n wherein_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n be_v concern_v it_o be_v answer_v that_o mr._n selden_n in_o that_o place_n do_v bare_o recite_v the_o word_n of_o bracton_n not_o deliver_v any_o opinion_n of_o his_o own_o for_o in_o that_o book_n cite_v pag._n 170._o and_o in_o his_o title_n of_o honour_n the_o last_o edition_n p._n 612._o we_o find_v that_o he_o be_v of_o another_o opinion_n and_o that_o this_o tenure_n be_v in_o use_n in_o england_n in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o saxon_n what_o be_v those_o thani_fw-la majores_fw-la or_o thani_fw-la regis_fw-la among_o the_o saxon_n but_o the_o king_n immediate_a tenant_n of_o land_n which_o they_o hold_v by_o personal_a service_n as_o of_o the_o king_n person_n by_o grand_a serjeanty_n or_o knights-service_n in_o capite_fw-la the_o land_n so_o hold_v be_v in_o those_o time_n call_v thainland_n as_o land_v hold_v in_o socage_n be_v call_v reveland_n so_o frequent_o in_o doomsday_n haec_fw-la terra_fw-la fuit_fw-la terra_fw-la regis_fw-la edwardi_fw-la thainland_n sed_fw-la postea_fw-la conversa_fw-la est_fw-la in_o reveland_n coke_n instit_n sect._n 117._o after_o some_o year_n that_o follow_v the_o come_n of_o the_o norman_n the_o title_n of_o thane_n grow_v out_o of_o use_n and_o that_o of_o baron_n and_o barony_n succeed_v for_o thane_n and_o thainland_n whereby_o we_o may_v understand_v the_o true_a and_o original_a reason_n of_o that_o which_o we_o have_v in_o the_o lord_n cromwel_n case_n 2._o coke_n 81._o that_o every_o barony_n of_o ancient_a time_n be_v hold_v by_o grand_a serjeanty_n by_o that_o tenure_n be_v the_o thain-land_n hold_v in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o saxon_n and_o those_o thain-land_n be_v the_o same_o that_o be_v after_o call_v barony_n it_o be_v true_a the_o possession_n of_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n be_v first_o make_v subject_n to_o knights-service_n in_o capite_fw-la by_o william_n the_o conqueror_n in_o the_o four_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n for_o their_o land_n be_v hold_v in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o saxon_n in_o pura_fw-la &_o perpetua_fw-la eleemosyna_fw-la free_a ab_fw-la omni_fw-la servitio_fw-la saeculari_fw-la but_o he_o than_o turn_v their_o possession_n into_o barony_n and_o so_o make_v they_o baron_n of_o the_o kingdom_n by_o tenure_n so_o that_o as_o to_o they_o this_o tenure_n and_o service_n may_v be_v say_v to_o be_v in_o conquestu_fw-la adinventum_fw-la but_o the_o thain-land_n be_v hold_v by_o that_o tenure_n before_o as_o the_o king_n thane_n be_v a_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la so_o the_o thanus_n mediocris_fw-la or_o middle_a thane_n be_v only_o a_o tenant_n by_o knights-service_n that_o either_o hold_v of_o a_o mean_a lord_n and_o not_o immediate_o of_o the_o king_n or_o at_o the_o least_o of_o the_o king_n as_o of_o a_o honour_n or_o manor_n and_o not_o in_o capite_fw-la what_o be_v that_o trinoda_fw-it necessitas_fw-la which_o so_o often_o occur_v in_o the_o grant_n of_o the_o saxon_a king_n under_o this_o form_n exceptisistis_fw-la tribus_fw-la expeditione_n arcis_fw-la &_o pontis_fw-la exstructione_fw-la see_v it_o in_o a_o charter_n of_o king_n etbeldred_n in_o the_o preface_n to_o coke_n 6._o report_n etc._n etc._n but_o that_o which_o be_v after_o express_v by_o salvo_n forinseco_fw-la bracton_n lib._n 2._o cap._n 26._o &_o 35._o 12._o edw._n 1._o guard_n 152._o 26._o ass_n 66._o selden_n analect_n anglobrit_fw-mi 78._o and_o therefore_o it_o be_v say_v that_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n be_v mistake_v who_o in_o his_o glossary_a verbo_fw-la feudum_fw-la refer_v the_o original_n of_o feud_n in_o england_n to_o the_o norman_a conquest_n it_o be_v most_o manifest_a that_o capite_fw-la tenor_n tenor_n by_o knights-service_n tenor_n in_o socage_n frank-almoigne_a etc._n etc._n be_v frequent_a in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o saxon_n and_o if_o we_o will_v believe_v what_o be_v cite_v out_o of_o a_o old_a french_a customary_a in_o a_o ms._n treatise_n of_o the_o antiquity_n of_o tenor_n in_o england_n which_o be_v in_o many_o man_n hand_n all_o those_o tenor_n be_v in_o use_n long_o before_o the_o saxon_n even_o in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o britain_n there_o it_o be_v say_v the_o first_o british_a king_n divide_v britain_n into_o four_o part_n and_o give_v one_o part_n to_o the_o arch-flamen_n to_o pray_v for_o he_o and_o his_o posterity_n a_o second_o part_n he_o give_v to_o his_o earl_n and_o nobility_n to_o do_v he_o knights-service_n a_o three_o he_o divide_v among_o husbandman_n to_o hold_v of_o he_o in_o socage_n the_o four_o part_n he_o give_v to_o mechanical_a person_n to_o hold_v in_o burgage_n but_o that_o testimony_n be_v wave_v there_o be_v little_a certainty_n or_o truth_n in_o the_o british_a story_n before_o the_o time_n of_o caesar_n neither_o will_v they_o make_v use_n of_o that_o which_o we_o be_v teach_v by_o william_n roville_n of_o alenzon_n in_o his_o preface_n to_o the_o grand_a customier_n of_o normandy_n that_o all_o those_o custom_n among_o which_o these_o tenor_n be_v be_v first_o bring_v into_o normandy_n out_o of_o england_n by_o edward_n the_o confessor_n beside_o that_o which_o have_v be_v say_v we_o find_v feud_n both_o the_o name_n and_o thing_n in_o the_o law_n of_o those_o time_n among_o the_o law_n of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n cap._n 35._o where_o it_o be_v thus_o provide_v debent_fw-la enim_fw-la universi_fw-la liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la &_o secundum_fw-la feodum_fw-la suum_fw-la &_o secundum_fw-la tenementa_fw-la sua_fw-la arma_fw-la habere_fw-la &_o illa_fw-la semper_fw-la prompta_fw-la conservare_fw-la ad_fw-la tuitionem_fw-la regni_fw-la &_o servitium_fw-la dominorum_fw-la suorum_fw-la etc._n etc._n lambard_n archaionom_fw-la 135._o this_o law_n be_v after_o confirm_v by_o william_n the_o conqueror_n vid._n coke_n instit_n sect._n 103._o as_o these_o tenor_n be_v common_a in_o those_o time_n so_o be_v all_o the_o fruit_n of_o they_o homage_n fealty_n escuage_z relief_n wardship_n for_o releif_n we_o have_v full_a testimony_n in_o the_o relief_n of_o their_o earl_n and_o thanes_z for_o which_o see_v the_o law_n of_o king_n canutus_n cap._n 66_o &_o 69._o the_o law_n of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n cap._n de_fw-fr heterochiis_fw-la and_o what_o out_o of_o the_o book_n of_o doomsday_n coke_n have_v in_o his_o instit_n sect._n
103._o camden_n in_o bark-shire_n selden_n in_o eadmer_n p._n 154._o that_o wardship_n be_v then_o in_o use_n and_o not_o bring_v in_o by_o the_o norman_n as_o camden_n in_o his_o britt_n 178._o nor_o by_o hen._n iii_o as_o randolph_n higden_n in_o his_o polichronicon_n and_o other_o not_o understand_v he_o will_v persuade_v vid._n selden'_v note_n on_o fortescue_n 51._o among_o the_o privilege_n grant_v by_o edward_n the_o confessor_n to_o the_o cinque-port_n we_o meet_v with_o this_o that_o their_o heir_n shall_v shall_v not_o be_v in_o ward_n lambards_n perambulat_fw-la of_o kent_n 101._o and_o in_o the_o custom_n of_o kent_n which_o be_v in_o the_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la of_o tottel_n edition_n and_o in_o lambards_n perambulation_n there_o be_v a_o rule_n for_o the_o wardship_n of_o the_o heir_n in_o gavelkind_n and_o that_o he_o shall_v not_o be_v marry_v by_o the_o lord_n and_o those_o custom_n say_v of_o themselves_o that_o they_o be_v devant_fw-fr le_fw-fr conquest_n &_o en_fw-fr le_fw-fr conquest_n for_o the_o antiquity_n of_o wardship_n in_o england_n and_o scotland_n see_v also_o hect._n boet._n lib._n 11._o buchanan_n rerum_fw-la scot._n lib._n 6._o and_o the_o law_n of_o malcolm_n ii_o which_o prove_v the_o antiquity_n of_o wardship_n in_o scotland_n and_o therefore_o in_o england_n before_o the_o norman_a conquest_n for_o in_o those_o time_n it_o be_v probable_a the_o law_n of_o both_o nation_n do_v not_o much_o differ_v as_o for_o the_o time_n after_o it_o appear_v they_o do_v not_o by_o compare_v their_o regiam_fw-la majestatem_fw-la and_o our_o glanvil_n neither_o be_v the_o bare_a conjecture_n of_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n sufficient_a to_o take_v away_o the_o force_n of_o those_o law_n vid._n spelman_n glossar_n verbo_fw-la feudum_fw-la upon_o this_o among_o other_o reason_n they_o do_v conclude_v that_o upon_o consideration_n of_o the_o authority_n give_v and_o grant_v thereupon_o make_v the_o reservation_n of_o the_o tenure_n can_v be_v 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christian_a king_n cause_v his_o own_o law_n to_o be_v put_v in_o write_v about_o the_o year_n 605._o as_o other_o western_a nation_n in_o a_o age_n or_o two_o before_o have_v do_v and_o as_o bede_n say_v 5._o write_v they_o in_o the_o saxon_a tongue_n the_o first_o charter_n if_o i_o shall_v so_o call_v it_o or_o write_v touch_v land_n and_o privilege_n be_v as_o a_o ms._n of_o canterbury_n report_v make_v by_o withredus_n king_n of_o kent_n in_o the_o year_n 694._o and_o as_o that_o charter_n itself_o witness_v be_v appoint_v to_o be_v keep_v in_o the_o church_n of_o our_o saviour_n at_o canterbury_n as_o a_o precedent_n for_o posterity_n to_o imitate_v and_o though_o it_o appear_v not_o there_o in_o what_o language_n it_o be_v write_v yet_o i_o presume_v it_o be_v in_o the_o same_o with_o their_o law_n which_o be_v the_o saxon_a tongue_n for_o there_o be_v two_o copy_n of_o it_o extant_a in_o latin_a so_o differ_v the_o one_o from_o the_o other_o as_o thereby_o they_o both_o appear_v to_o be_v translation_n for_o proof_n thereof_o the_o one_o of_o they_o use_v the_o word_n charta_fw-la and_o chartula_fw-la which_o ingulfus_n affirm_v to_o be_v bring_v in_o hither_o by_o the_o norman_n that_o be_v above_o three_o hundred_o year_n after_o the_o time_n of_o this_o charter_n of_o withred_n the_o other_o latin_a copy_n term_v it_o scriptum_n not_o chartam_fw-la and_o the_o saxon_n themselves_o use_v neither_o of_o those_o word_n but_o call_v such_o write_n in_o latin_a chirographos_n not_o chartas_n as_o ingulfus_n there_o also_o testify_v so_o that_o it_o hereby_o appear_v that_o the_o prototype_n or_o first_o pattern_n of_o charter_n which_o the_o saxon_n imitate_v be_v not_o in_o latin_a but_o in_o saxon._n tonguâ—_n second_o it_o be_v therefore_o to_o be_v presume_v and_o very_o strong_o that_o though_o this_o charter_n of_o beorredus_n remain_v to_o we_o by_o a_o latin_a copy_n yet_o the_o original_n itself_o like_o a_o thousand_o other_o be_v in_o the_o saxon_a tongue_n nor_o can_v it_o in_o all_o probability_n be_v otherwise_o for_o at_o the_o very_a time_n when_o it_o be_v make_v viz._n in_o anno_fw-la 868._o learning_n be_v so_o general_o subvert_v throughout_o england_n by_o the_o barbarous_a dane_n that_o king_n alfred_n who_o begin_v to_o reign_v within_o four_o year_n after_o the_o date_n thereof_o say_v 378._o paucissimi_fw-la fuerunt_fw-la cis_fw-la humbrum_fw-la qui_fw-la vel_fw-la preces_fw-la svas_fw-la commune_v sermone_fw-la anglico_fw-la intelligere_fw-la potuerant_fw-la vel_fw-la scriptum_fw-la aliquod_fw-la è_fw-la latino_n transfer_v tam_fw-la sane_fw-la pauci_fw-la fuerunt_fw-la ut_fw-la ne_fw-la unum_fw-la quidem_fw-la recordari_fw-la possum_fw-la ex_fw-la australi_fw-la parte_fw-la thamesis_n tum_fw-la cum_fw-la ego_fw-la regnare_fw-la occaeperam_fw-la but_o as_o their_o original_a charter_n be_v in_o the_o saxon_a tongue_n so_o in_o the_o leiger-book_n in_o which_o they_o be_v preserve_v to_o we_o they_o be_v often_o set_v down_o in_o the_o saxon_a and_o then_o because_o the_o book_n themselves_o be_v in_o latin_a they_o be_v there_o translate_v also_o into_o latin_a and_o often_o time_n set_v down_o in_o the_o latin_a only_o without_o the_o saxon_a as_o in_o the_o book_n of_o ramsey-abby_n which_o have_v no_o charter_n in_o it_o in_o the_o saxon_a tongue_n the_o author_n of_o it_o say_v libri_fw-la that_o himself_o have_v there_o translate_v they_o all_o into_o latin_a after_o that_o that_o abbey_n in_o the_o day_n of_o king_n stephen_n have_v recover_v her_o liberty_n yet_o i_o deny_v not_o that_o latin_a charter_n may_v be_v often_o use_v by_o their_o latter_a clergyman_n when_o learning_n which_o in_o beorred_n time_n be_v utter_o subvert_v begin_v at_o last_o to_o recover_v life_n again_o day_n three_o i_o conceive_v that_o the_o word_n feudum_fw-la or_o feodum_fw-la be_v not_o in_o use_n in_o beorredus_n day_n viz._n anno_fw-la 868._o for_o proof_n whereof_o we_o be_v to_o consider_v the_o infancy_n youth_n and_o full_a age_n of_o the_o feodal_n law_n for_o according_a to_o these_o several_a time_n the_o feodal_n land_n have_v their_o several_a denomination_n first_o they_o be_v call_v munera_fw-la then_o beneficia_fw-la and_o last_o feuda_n as_o be_v aforesaid_a marculfus_n who_o collect_v the_o formulas_fw-la or_o precedent_n as_o we_o call_v they_o of_o charter_n and_o instrument_n of_o the_o time_n he_o live_v in_o which_o be_v under_o clodovaeus_n ii_o king_n of_o france_n about_o the_o year_n 660._o make_v mention_v in_o his_o first_o book_n of_o munera_fw-la and_o in_o his_o second_o of_o beneficia_fw-la but_o no_o where_o of_o feuda_n and_o he_o who_o a_o hundred_o year_n or_o more_o after_o he_o collect_v the_o formula_n incerti_fw-la autoris_fw-la speak_v divers_a time_n 21._o of_o beneficium_fw-la but_o never_o name_v feudum_n for_o that_o this_o term_n come_v not_o into_o use_n till_o afterward_o when_o these_o beneficia_fw-la begin_v to_o be_v grant_v in_o perpetuity_n beneficium_fw-la regis_fw-la say_v 470._o bignonius_n postea_fw-la feudum_fw-la dictum_fw-la est_fw-la and_o in_o another_o place_n he_o say_v 550._o beneficii_fw-la nomine_fw-la ea_fw-la praedia_fw-la dicta_fw-la sunt_fw-la quae_fw-la feuda_fw-la posteritas_fw-la dixit_fw-la initio_fw-la namque_fw-la vita_fw-la accipientis_fw-la finiebantur_fw-la as_o if_o he_o shall_v say_v they_o be_v call_v beneficia_fw-la when_o they_o be_v grant_v only_o for_o life_n of_o the_o grantee_n but_o be_v call_v feuda_n when_o they_o begin_v to_o be_v grant_v in_o perpetuity_n and_o not_o before_o cujacius_n therefore_o speak_v 7._o of_o feudatarii_fw-la which_o word_n come_v into_o use_n with_o feudum_n for_o relative_n mutuo_fw-la se_fw-la ponunt_fw-la &_o auferunt_fw-la say_v that_o when_o actores_fw-la custodesque_fw-la proediorum_fw-la nostrorum_fw-la temporarii_fw-la perpetui_fw-la esse_fw-la caeperunt_fw-la etc._n etc._n when_o those_o who_o have_v the_o use_n and_o order_n of_o 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benefice_n and_o the_o word_n feuda_n grow_v to_o be_v understand_v only_o of_o such_o beneficia_fw-la or_o benefice_n as_o be_v perpetual_a and_o hereditary_a to_o return_v from_o whence_o we_o digress_v i_o suppose_v it_o now_o appear_v sufficient_o how_o some_o feodal_n word_n be_v creep_v into_o charter_n and_o write_n of_o saxon_a date_n and_o i_o think_v i_o may_v conclude_v that_o the_o word_n before_o mention_v tenura_n tenentes_fw-la tenementa_fw-la tenere_fw-la or_o tenendum_fw-la in_o a_o feodal_a sense_n or_o feodum_fw-la itself_o be_v not_o in_o use_n among_o they_o much_o less_o tenure_n in_o capite_fw-la tenure_n by_o knight-service_n tenure_n in_o socage_n or_o frankalmoign_a though_o the_o like_a service_n be_v perform_v to_o the_o saxon_a lordship_n by_o their_o thanes_z and_o theoden_n their_o socman_n or_o husbandman_n and_o their_o beadsman_n or_o clergyman_n by_o way_n of_o contract_n for_o the_o land_n receive_v from_o they_o as_o be_v after_o the_o conquest_n to_o the_o norman_a lordship_n by_o way_n of_o tenure_n for_o land_n hold_v of_o they_o the_o neapolitan_a and_o sicilian_a constitution_n which_o
have_v their_o original_n from_o prince_n of_o norman_a lineage_n etc._n do_v ....._o the_o conquest_n here_o in_o england_n etc._n make_v mention_n of_o tenens_fw-la tenere_fw-la tenementum_fw-la and_o tenere_fw-la de_fw-la rege_fw-la in_o capite_fw-la but_o whether_o the_o norman_n carry_v these_o term_n into_o italy_n when_o they_o conquer_a naples_n about_o the_o year_n 1031._o 4._o or_o bring_v they_o from_o thence_o into_o normandy_n i_o can_v determine_v certain_a it_o be_v that_o from_o the_o norman_n they_o come_v to_o we_o in_o england_n for_o be_v not_o meet_v with_o before_o in_o any_o authentic_a author_n we_o present_o after_o the_o conquest_n begin_v to_o hear_v of_o they_o even_o about_o the_o three_o or_o four_o year_n of_o the_o conqueror_n reign_n as_o appear_v rege_fw-la by_o his_o charter_n of_o emendationes_fw-la legum_n in_o the_o red_a book_n of_o the_o exchequer_n f._n 162._o b._n and_o in_o lambard_n archaionomia_n chap._n iu._n of_o tenor_n in_o capite_fw-la more_o particular_o saxon_n touch_v tenor_n therefore_o in_o capite_fw-la i_o think_v i_o may_v bold_o say_v that_o here_o be_v none_o in_o england_n in_o the_o saxon_n time_n after_o the_o manner_n now_o in_o use_n among_o we_o first_o for_o that_o their_o feodal_n land_n as_o we_o have_v show_v be_v not_o descendible_a before_o the_o conquest_n for_o though_o there_o be_v hlaâ—ord_n and_o ðane_a among_o the_o saxon_n that_o be_v lord_n and_o thane_n or_o servitor_n who_o beyond_o the_o sea_n they_o call_v seigneur_n &_o vassal_n alius_fw-la vassallum_fw-la dominum_fw-la &_o clientem_fw-la while_o their_o feud_n be_v arbitrable_a or_o but_o for_o year_n or_o life_n yet_o grow_v not_o the_o word_n of_o tenure_n into_o use_n till_o that_o feud_n become_v descendable_a to_o posterity_n and_o thereby_o oblige_v the_o whole_a succession_n of_o heir_n to_o depend_v and_o hold_v upon_o their_o capital_a lord_n by_o the_o service_n impose_v at_o the_o creation_n of_o that_o feud_n second_o the_o word_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v like_o a_o relative_n in_o logic_n which_o be_v a_o supreme_a degree_n of_o itself_o imply_v some_o other_o degree_n to_o be_v under_o it_o as_o tenant_n in_o medio_fw-la or_o tenant_n in_o imo_fw-la or_o both_o viz._n tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la tenant_n in_o menalty_n and_o tenant_n paravale_fw-mi or_o at_o least_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o tenant_n paravale_fw-mi which_o inferior_a tenant_n can_v not_o be_v in_o the_o saxon_n time_n for_o that_o the_o grant_n of_o feud_n in_o perpetuity_n out_o of_o which_o the_o under-tenancies_a must_v be_v deduce_v be_v as_o i_o have_v say_v not_o yet_o in_o use_n sort_n three_o to_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la be_v of_o two_o sort_n the_o one_o general_n which_o be_v of_o the_o king_n as_o caput_fw-la regni_fw-la &_o caput_fw-la generalissimum_fw-la omnium_fw-la feodorum_fw-la the_o fountain_n whence_o all_o feud_n and_o tenor_n have_v their_o main_a original_n the_o other_o special_a or_o subaltern_a which_o be_v of_o a_o particular_a subject_n as_o caput_fw-la feudi_fw-la or_o terrae_fw-la illius_fw-la so_o call_v because_o he_o be_v the_o first_o that_o create_v and_o grant_v that_o feud_n or_o land_n in_o that_o manner_n of_o tenure_n wherein_o it_o stand_v and_o be_v therefore_o at_o this_o day_n so_o to_o be_v understand_v by_o the_o ordinary_a word_n in_o our_o deed_n of_o tenendum_fw-la de_fw-la capitalibus_fw-la dominis_n feodi_fw-la illius_fw-la etc._n etc._n signify_v that_o the_o land_n so_o grant_v since_o the_o statute_n of_o quia_fw-la emptores_fw-la terrarum_fw-la must_v now_o be_v hold_v mediate_o or_o immediate_o of_o he_o or_o his_o heir_n or_o assign_v that_o be_v caput_fw-la feodi_fw-la the_o first_o that_o create_v or_o grant_v that_o feud_n in_o that_o tenure_n who_o thereupon_o be_v call_v capitalis_fw-la dominus_fw-la &_o caput_fw-la terrae_fw-la illius_fw-la among_o the_o feudist_n capitanus_n feudi_fw-la illius_fw-la and_o the_o grantee_n and_o his_o heir_n be_v say_v to_o be_v tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la because_o they_o hold_v immediate_o of_o he_o that_o first_o grant_v that_o feud_n or_o land_n in_o that_o manner_n hereupon_o david_n i._o king_n of_o scot_n and_o earl_n of_o huntingdon_n here_o in_o england_n be_v in_o right_a of_o his_o earldom_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n henry_n i._o say_v to_o be_v capud_fw-la terrae_fw-la de_fw-la crancfeld_n &_o crawl_v post_fw-la regem_fw-la angliae_fw-la 279._o and_o roger_n de_fw-fr molbray_n about_o the_o same_o time_n or_o short_o after_o make_v a_o grant_n in_o these_o word_n roger_n de_fw-fr molbray_n omnibus_fw-la hominibus_fw-la &_o fidelibus_fw-la suis_fw-la normannis_fw-la &_o anglis_fw-la salutem_fw-la sciatis_fw-la quod_fw-la ego_fw-la concessi_fw-la roberto_n de_fw-fr ardenna_n clerico_n amico_fw-la meo_fw-la totum_fw-la nemus_fw-la de_fw-la bedericheslea_n cum_fw-la omnibus_fw-la antiquis_fw-la libertatibus_fw-la &_o consuetudinibus_fw-la ejusdem_fw-la nemoris_fw-la ad_fw-la tenendum_fw-la de_fw-la i_o in_o capite_fw-la &_o haeredibus_fw-la meis_fw-la ita_fw-la libere_fw-la &_o quiet_a etc._n etc._n sicut_fw-la ego_fw-la unquam_fw-la etc._n etc._n the_o deed_n be_v without_o date_n but_o note_v that_o the_o direction_n of_o it_o be_v omnibus_fw-la hominibus_fw-la fidelibus_fw-la suis_fw-la normannis_fw-la &_o anglis_fw-la which_o imply_v that_o it_o be_v make_v before_o henry_n ii_n time_n for_o he_o be_v of_o anjou_n in_o france_n and_o bring_v in_o frenchman_n with_o he_o alter_v then_o very_o proper_o the_o direction_n of_o charter_n into_o hominibus_fw-la &_o fidelibus_fw-la suis_fw-la francis_n &_o anglis_fw-la yet_o i_o find_v the_o same_o direction_n though_o more_o improper_o to_o be_v some_o time_n use_v under_o the_o norman_a king_n qu._n so_o likewise_o as_o before_o w._n marshal_v the_o great_a earl_n of_o pembrock_n in_o a_o charter_n of_o he_o use_v these_o word_n about_o the_o begin_n of_o henry_n iii_n time_n as_o i_o take_v it_o nisi_fw-la fortè_fw-la forinseca_v tenementa_fw-la tenueris_fw-la de_fw-la i_o in_o capite_fw-la and_o 157._o mat._n paris_n in_o an._n 1250._o make_v mention_n of_o one_o g._n a_o knight_n sai_z that_o rex_fw-la memoratus_fw-la hen._n iii_o cuidam_fw-la militi_fw-la tenenti_fw-la de_fw-la ecclesia_fw-la s._n albani_n in_o capite_fw-la etc._n etc._n warennam_fw-la concessit_fw-la where_o the_o word_n tenenti_fw-la de_fw-la ecclesia_fw-la s._n albani_n in_o capite_fw-la do_v signify_v that_o some_o abbot_n of_o the_o church_n of_o st._n alban_n first_o create_v and_o grant_v that_o feud_n have_v thus_o in_o general_a manner_n prepare_v my_o way_n to_o the_o ensue_a discourse_n i_o shall_v now_o god_n will_v by_o the_o patience_n of_o they_o who_o it_o most_o concern_v examine_v such_o particular_a assertion_n as_o be_v produce_v in_o the_o report_n either_o to_o prove_v our_o tenor_n and_o feud_n with_o their_o dependency_n to_o have_v be_v in_o use_n among_o the_o saxon_n or_o to_o disprove_v what_o i_o have_v affirm_v in_o my_o glossary_n or_o in_o the_o chapter_n here_o precedent_a and_o will_v first_o show_v therein_o as_o follow_v chap._n v._n what_o degree_n and_o distinction_n of_o person_n be_v among_o the_o saxon_n and_o of_o what_o condition_n their_o land_n be_v saxon_n for_o the_o better_a understanding_n of_o our_o discourse_n it_o be_v necessary_a that_o we_o shall_v show_v what_o degree_n and_o distinction_n of_o person_n be_v among_o the_o saxon_n and_o of_o what_o condition_n their_o land_n be_v touch_v their_o person_n they_o be_v by_o themselves_o divide_v in_o this_o manner_n eorle_n and_o ceorl_n and_o ðegn_n and_o ðeoden_n in_o latin_a come_v and_o villanus_fw-la tainus_n unus_fw-la &_o alius_fw-la singuli_fw-la pro_fw-la modo_fw-la svo_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o earl_n and_o the_o husbandman_n the_o thane_n of_o the_o great_a sort_n call_v the_o king_n thane_n and_o the_o thane_n of_o the_o lesser_a sort_n call_v the_o theoden_a or_o vnderthane_n more_o degree_n the_o saxon_n have_v not_o in_o their_o laity_n and_o among_o these_o must_v all_o the_o tenor_n lie_v that_o be_v in_o use_n with_o they_o as_o for_o their_o bondman_n who_o they_o call_v theowe_n and_o esne_n they_o be_v not_o count_v member_n of_o that_o commonwealth_n but_o parcel_n of_o their_o master_n good_n and_o substance_n bocland_n touch_v land_n among_o the_o saxon_n they_o be_v of_o two_o sort_n bocland_n and_o folcland_n bocland_n signify_v terram_fw-la codicillarem_fw-la or_o librariam_fw-la charter-land_n for_o the_o saxon_n call_v a_o deed_n or_o charter_n a_o bec_fw-la i._n e._n librum_fw-la a_o book_n and_o this_o proper_o be_v their_o terra_fw-la haereditaria_fw-la for_o it_o common_o carry_v with_o it_o the_o absolute_a inheritance_n and_o propriety_n of_o the_o land_n and_o be_v therefore_o preserve_v in_o writing_n and_o possess_v by_o the_o thanes_z and_o noble_a sort_n as_o proedium_fw-la nobile_fw-la liberum_fw-la &_o immune_fw-la a_o servitiis_fw-la vulgaribus_fw-la &_o servilibus_fw-la in_o which_o respect_n the_o thanes_z themselves_z be_v also_o call_v liberales_fw-la as_o appear_v foresta_n by_o canute_n forest-law_n art_n 1._o 3_o
&_o seqq_n a_o name_n not_o well_o agree_v with_o feodal_n servitude_n but_o it_o seem_v by_o divers_a abby-book_n that_o some_o estate_n for_o life_n which_o we_o call_v frank_n tenement_n be_v also_o put_v in_o writing_n especial_o among_o the_o latter_a saxon_n yet_o be_v not_o these_o account_v bocland_n for_o they_o be_v lade_v common_o with_o many_o feodal_n and_o ministerial_a service_n whereas_o bocland_n as_o i_o say_v be_v free_a from_o all_o service_n not_o hold_v of_o any_o lord_n the_o very_a same_o that_o allodium_fw-la descendable_a according_a to_o the_o common_a course_n of_o nation_n and_o of_o nature_n unto_o all_o the_o son_n and_o therefore_o call_v gavelkind_a not_o restrain_v to_o the_o elder_a son_n as_o feodal_a land_n be_v not_o at_o first_o but_o devisable_v also_o by_o will_n and_o thereupon_o call_v terrae_fw-la testamentales_fw-la as_o the_o thane_n that_o possess_v they_o be_v say_v to_o be_v testamento_fw-la dignus_fw-la folcland_n folcland_n be_v terra_fw-la vulgi_fw-la the_o land_n of_o the_o vulgar_a people_n who_o have_v no_o estate_n therein_o but_o hold_v the_o same_o under_o such_o rent_n and_o service_n as_o be_v accustom_v or_o agree_v of_o at_o the_o will_v only_o of_o their_o lord_n the_o thane_n and_o it_o be_v therefore_o not_o put_v in_o writing_n but_o account_v proedium_fw-la rusticum_fw-la &_o ignobile_fw-la but_o both_o the_o great_a and_o the_o lesser_a thanes_z which_o possess_v bocland_n or_o hereditary_a land_n divide_v they_o according_a to_o the_o proportion_n of_o their_o estate_n inland_a into_o two_o sort_n i_o e._n into_o inland_n and_o outland_n 864._o the_o inland_n be_v that_o which_o lie_v next_o or_o most_o convenient_a for_o the_o lord_n mansion-house_n as_o within_o the_o view_n thereof_o and_o therefore_o they_o keep_v that_o part_n in_o their_o own_o hand_n for_o supportation_n of_o their_o family_n and_o hospitality_n the_o norman_n afterward_o call_v these_o land_n terras_fw-la dominicales_fw-la the_o demain_v or_o lord_n land_n the_o german_n terras_fw-la indominicatas_fw-la land_n in_o the_o lord_n be_v own_o use_n the_o feudist_n terras_fw-la curtiles_n or_o intra_fw-la curtem_fw-la land_n appropriate_a to_o the_o court_n or_o house_n of_o the_o lord_n outland_n outland_n be_v that_o which_o lie_v beyond_o or_o out_o from_o among_o the_o inland_n or_o demean_n and_o be_v not_o grant_v out_o to_o any_o tenant_n hereditary_o but_o like_o our_o copy-holds_a of_o ancient_a time_n have_v their_o original_n from_o thence_o mere_o at_o the_o pleasure_n of_o the_o lord_n cujacius_n 12._o speak_v of_o this_o kind_n of_o land_n call_v it_o proprium_fw-la feudum_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v such_o land_n as_o be_v proper_o assign_v for_o feodal_n land_n proprium_fw-la feudum_fw-la est_fw-la say_v he_o extra_fw-la curtem_fw-la &_o consistit_fw-la in_o praediis_fw-la as_o if_o he_o shall_v say_v that_o land_n proper_o be_v a_o feud_n or_o feudal_n land_n which_o lie_v without_o the_o demain_v of_o the_o manor_n and_o consist_v in_o land_n not_o in_o house_n we_o now_o call_v this_o outland_n the_o tenant_n land_n or_o the_o tenancy_n and_o so_o it_o be_v translate_v out_o of_o biritrick_n will_n in_o the_o saxon_a tongue_n 495._o this_o outland_n they_o subdivide_v into_o two_o part_n whereof_o one_o part_n they_o dispose_v among_o such_o as_o attend_v on_o their_o person_n either_o in_o war_n or_o peace_n call_v theoden_n or_o lesser_a thanes_z after_o the_o manner_n of_o knight_n fee_n but_o much_o differ_v from_o they_o of_o our_o time_n as_o by_o that_o which_o follow_v shall_v appear_v the_o other_o part_n they_o allot_v to_o their_o husbandman_n who_o they_o term_v ceorl_n that_o be_v carl_n or_o churl_n and_o of_o they_o we_o shall_v speak_v far_o by_o and_o by_o when_o we_o consider_v all_o the_o degree_n aforesaid_a beginning_n with_o the_o earl_n chap._n vi_o of_o earl_n among_o our_o saxon_n ancient_o a_o earl_n in_o the_o signification_n of_o comes_n be_v not_o original_o a_o degree_n of_o dignity_n as_o it_o be_v with_o we_o at_o this_o day_n but_o of_o office_n and_o judicature_n in_o some_o city_n or_o portion_n of_o the_o country_n circumscribe_v ancient_o with_o the_o bound_n of_o the_o bishopric_n of_o that_o diocese_n for_o that_o the_o bishop_n and_o the_o earl_n then_o sit_v together_o in_o one_o court_n and_o hear_v joint_o the_o cause_n of_o church_n and_o commonwealth_n as_o they_o yet_o do_v in_o parliament_n but_o in_o process_n of_o time_n the_o earl_n grow_v to_o have_v the_o government_n common_o of_o the_o chief_a city_n and_o castle_n of_o his_o territory_n and_o withal_o a_o three_o part_n of_o the_o king_n profit_n arise_v by_o the_o court_n of_o justice_n fines_n forfeiture_n escheat_n etc._n etc._n annex_v to_o the_o office_n of_o his_o earldom_n yet_o all_o this_o not_o otherwise_o than_o at_o the_o pleasure_n of_o the_o king_n which_o common_o be_v upon_o good_a behaviour_n and_o but_o during_o life_n at_o most_o this_o be_v apparent_a by_o the_o severe_a injunction_n of_o king_n alfred_n the_o great_a labour_v 21._o to_o plant_v literature_n and_o knowledge_n among_o the_o ignorant_a earl_n and_o sheriff_n of_o his_o kingdom_n impose_v upon_o they_o that_o they_o shall_v forthwith_o in_o all_o diligence_n apply_v themselves_o to_o the_o study_n of_o wisdom_n and_o knowledge_n or_o else_o forgo_v their_o office_n herewith_o say_v asser_n menevensis_n who_o live_v at_o that_o time_n and_o be_v great_a with_o the_o king_n the_o earl_n and_o sheriff_n be_v so_o affright_v that_o they_o rather_o choose_v insuetam_fw-la disciplinam_fw-la quam_fw-la laboriose_fw-la discere_fw-la quam_fw-la potestatum_fw-la ministeria_fw-la dimittere_fw-la that_o be_v to_o go_v at_o last_o to_o the_o school_n of_o knowledge_n how_o painful_a soever_o rather_o than_o to_o lose_v their_o office_n of_o authority_n and_o degree_n of_o honour_n which_o alfred_n there_o also_o declare_v that_o they_o have_v not_o by_o inheritance_n but_o by_o god_n gift_n and_o he_o dei_fw-la say_v he_o ibid._n dono_fw-la &_o meo_fw-la sapientium_fw-la ministeria_fw-la &_o gradus_fw-la usurpatis_fw-la this_o be_v manifest_a by_o divers_a other_o authority_n and_o example_n in_o my_o glossary_n in_o verbo_fw-la comes_fw-la as_o the_o reader_n if_o he_o please_v may_v there_o see_v hereditary_a some_o conjecture_n that_o deira_n and_o bernicia_n in_o northumberland_n and_o mercia_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o england_n be_v feudal_n and_o hereditary_a earldom_n in_o the_o saxon_a time_n those_o of_o northumberland_n present_o after_o their_o first_o arrival_n under_o hengistus_n about_o the_o year_n 447._o that_o of_o mercia_n by_o the_o gift_n of_o alfred_n the_o great_a about_o the_o year_n 900._o to_o ethelredus_fw-la a_o man_n of_o power_n in_o way_n of_o marriage_n with_o his_o daughter_n ethelfleda_n but_o for_o aught_o i_o see_v it_o be_v neither_o prove_v by_o the_o succession_n of_o those_o earldom_n nor_o our_o author_n of_o antiquity_n for_o my_o own_o part_n i_o think_v it_o not_o strange_a that_o there_o be_v not_o at_o the_o entry_n of_o the_o saxon_n a_o feudal_n and_o hereditary_a earldom_n in_o all_o christendom_n as_o for_o this_o our_o britain_n the_o misery_n of_o it_o than_o be_v such_o as_o it_o rather_o seem_v a_o anarchy_n and_o chaos_n than_o in_o any_o form_n of_o government_n little_o better_a even_o in_o alfred_n day_n through_o the_o fury_n of_o the_o dane_n though_o he_o at_o last_o subdue_v they_o for_o his_o time_n how_o soever_o three_o or_o four_o example_n in_o five_o hundred_o year_n before_o the_o conquest_n differ_v from_o the_o common_a use_n be_v no_o inference_n to_o overthrow_v it_o especial_o in_o time_n unsettled_a and_o tumultuous_a the_o noble_a earldom_n of_o arundel_n in_o our_o day_n of_o peace_n differ_v in_o constitution_n from_o all_o the_o other_o earldom_n of_o england_n yet_o that_o impeach_v not_o their_o common_a manner_n of_o succession_n france_n loyseau_n â—lt_n and_o pasquier_n learned_a frenchmen_n speak_v of_o the_o duke_n and_o earl_n of_o france_n which_o england_n ordinary_o follow_v and_o sometime_o too_o near_o the_o heel_n justify_v at_o large_a what_o i_o have_v say_v show_v the_o duke_n and_o earl_n in_o the_o roman_a empire_n from_o who_o example_n other_o every_o where_o be_v derive_v be_v like_o the_o proconsul_n and_o precedent_n of_o province_n simple_a officer_n who_o for_o their_o entertainment_n have_v nothing_o else_o but_o certain_a right_n and_o custom_n raise_v from_o the_o people_n which_o we_o in_o england_n call_v tertium_fw-la denarium_fw-la and_o that_o the_o duke_n and_o earl_n of_o france_n be_v officer_n in_o like_a manner_n but_o have_v the_o seigneurie_n of_o their_o territory_n annex_v to_o their_o office_n so_o that_o they_o be_v officer_n and_o vassal_n both_o at_o once_o that_o be_v to_o say_v officer_n by_o way_n of_o judicature_n and_o vassal_n who_o we_o call_v feodal_n tenant_n for_o their_o seignory_n of_o dukedom_n and_o
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and_o as_o the_o title_n of_o honourable_a office_n and_o service_n in_o duke_n earls_z etc._n etc._n become_v at_o length_n to_o be_v make_v hereditary_a so_o this_o of_o thanes_z like_o our_o title_n of_o nobleman_n and_o gentleman_n descend_v at_o last_o with_o their_o father_n land_n upon_o their_o child_n and_o posterity_n and_o continue_v thus_o till_o after_o the_o conquest_n as_o appear_v by_o some_o writ_n and_o charter_n of_o the_o conqueror_n thanes_z buchanan_n 6._o describe_v the_o quality_n of_o their_o person_n call_v they_o praefectos_fw-la regionum_fw-la sive_fw-la nomarchas_n &_o quaestores_fw-la rerum_fw-la capitalium_fw-la governor_n of_o place_n principal_a minister_n of_o justice_n chequer_n man_n sheriff_n etc._n etc._n but_o we_o will_v take_v they_o as_o the_o saxon_n themselves_o describe_v they_o in_o the_o place_n before_o mention_v where_o it_o thus_o follow_v give_v ceorl_n geðeah_a ê§_n he_o hefde_v fullice_v fif_fw-mi hyda_fw-mi agenes_n land_n etc._n 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thrice_o upon_o his_o errand_n to_o the_o king_n he_o this_o under-thane_n may_v take_v a_o oath_n instead_o of_o his_o lord_n and_o at_o any_o great_a need_n supply_v the_o place_n of_o his_o lord_n and_o if_o a_o thane_n do_v so_o thrive_v as_o he_o become_v a_o earl_n he_o have_v the_o right_n of_o a_o earl_n and_o a_o merchant_n may_v become_v a_o thane_n etc._n etc._n mr._n lambard_n 502._o conceive_v this_o place_n to_o discover_v but_o three_o degree_n among_o the_o saxon_n viz._n earl_n thanes_z and_o ceorl_n not_o admit_v the_o under-thane_n to_o be_v a_o several_a degree_n the_o word_n seem_v otherwise_o and_o the_o saxon_a division_n before_o recite_v make_v four_a degree_n earl_n ceorl_n thegn_n and_o theoden_n or_o under_o thane_n some_o therefore_o distinguish_v thanes_z into_o majores_fw-la and_o minores_fw-la some_o into_o majores_fw-la minores_fw-la otherwise_o call_v mediocres_fw-la and_o minimi_fw-la who_o canutus_n in_o his_o forest-law_n call_v minuti_fw-la and_o tinemen_n i_o dare_v not_o venture_v to_o define_v they_o particular_o but_o will_v rest_v upon_o the_o saxon_a division_n first_o mention_v which_o i_o find_v to_o be_v pursue_v by_o norman_a term_n in_o the_o law_n of_o edw._n confess_v and_o william_n conq._n deliver_v by_o ingulfus_n viz._n count_n baron_n valvasor_n and_o villain_n where_o he_o place_v count_n instead_o of_o earl_n baron_n instead_o of_o kings-thane_n valvasor_n instead_o of_o theoden_a or_o lesser_a thane_n and_o last_o villain_n instead_o of_o churl_n as_o though_o the_o division_n both_o of_o the_o saxon_a and_o norman_a time_n do_v hold_v analogy_n one_o with_o the_o other_o and_o both_o of_o they_o with_o we_o at_o this_o day_n viz._n of_o earl_n and_o baron_n of_o the_o kingdom_n include_v the_o great_a nobility_n baron_n of_o town_n and_o manor_n include_v the_o lesser_a nobility_n or_o gentry_n and_o that_o of_o our_o yeoman_n include_v the_o husbandman_n to_o return_v to_o the_o thanes_z this_o saxon_a passage_n have_v per_fw-la transennam_fw-la show_v unto_o we_o not_o only_o the_o quality_n of_o their_o person_n but_o the_o nature_n of_o their_o land_n whereupon_o all_o our_o question_n do_v depend_v and_o true_a it_o be_v it_o show_v that_o both_o they_o and_o it_o be_v subject_a to_o military_a service_n call_v in_o latin_a expeditio_fw-la in_o saxon_a utfare_n and_o ferdgung_a and_o in_o foreign_a nation_n heribannum_n that_o be_v the_o call_n forth_o of_o a_o army_n and_o it_o appear_v by_o a_o ancient_a ms._n of_o saxon_a law_n in_o the_o king_n library_n that_o the_o thanes_z be_v not_o only_o tie_v to_o this_o but_o to_o many_o other_o service_n to_o be_v do_v unto_o the_o king_n and_o that_o in_o respect_n of_o their_o land_n which_o notwithstanding_o breed_v no_o tenure_n in_o capite_fw-la or_o by_o knights-service_n the_o word_n be_v these_o 163._o tbani_n lex_fw-la est_fw-la ut_fw-la sit_fw-la dignus_fw-la rectitudine_fw-la testamenti_fw-la svi_fw-la &_o ut_fw-la tria_fw-la faciat_fw-la pro_fw-la terra_fw-la sua_fw-la expeditionem_fw-la burghbotam_fw-la &_o brugbotam_fw-la &_o de_fw-fr multis_fw-la terris_fw-la majus_fw-la landirectum_fw-la exurgit_fw-la ad_fw-la bannum_fw-la regis_fw-la sicut_fw-la est_fw-la deorhege_n ad_fw-la mansionem_fw-la regiam_fw-la &_o sceorpum_n in_o hosticum_fw-la &_o custodiam_fw-la maris_fw-la &_o capitis_fw-la &_o pacis_fw-la &_o elmesfeoh_n &_o ciricsetum_n i._n e._n pecunia_fw-la eleemosynae_fw-la &_o ciricsceatum_n &_o aliae_fw-la res_fw-la thus_o in_o english_a the_o law_n touch_v a_o thane_n be_v that_o he_o have_v power_n to_o make_v a_o will_n and_o that_o in_o respect_n of_o his_o land_n he_o shall_v do_v three_o thing_n viz._n military_a expedition_n repair_v of_o castle_n and_o mend_v of_o bridge_n and_o for_o more_o land_n to_o do_v more_o land-duty_n to_o go_v forth_o upon_o the_o king_n summons_n to_o the_o enclose_v of_o his_o park_n and_o mansion-house_n and_o to_o somn._fw-la ....._o into_o the_o enemy_n land_n and_o to_o defend_v the_o sea_n his_o own_o head_n and_o the_o peace_n to_o pay_v alms-mony_n church-seed_n church-shot_n and_o other_o thing_n what_o be_v there_o in_o all_o this_o to_o show_v either_o a_o tenure_n in_o capite_fw-la or_o by_o knight-service_n it_o will_v be_v say_v that_o the_o military_a expediton_n and_o ward_n of_o the_o sea_n against_o enemy_n imply_v a_o tenure_n by_o knight-service_n and_o that_o those_o and_o the_o other_o service_n be_v to_o be_v perform_v to_o the_o king_n and_o upon_o the_o king_n summons_n show_v a_o tenure_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o no_o doubt_n so_o will_v it_o be_v for_o land_n give_v in_o this_o manner_n by_o the_o king_n since_o the_o conquest_n but_o i_o conceive_v that_o none_o of_o all_o this_o rise_v out_o of_o any_o tenure_n or_o feodal_n reservation_n make_v by_o the_o saxon_a king_n in_o grant_v these_o land_n or_o by_o any_o particular_a contract_n agree_v of_o by_o the_o thane_n or_o subject_n in_o accept_v they_o but_o out_o of_o a_o fundamental_a law_n or_o custom_n of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o ancient_a as_o the_o kingdom_n itself_o whereby_o all_o the_o land_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n be_v oblige_v to_o this_o trinodae_n necessitati_fw-la of_o military_a land_n expedition_n and_o building_n or_o repair_v of_o castle_n and_o bridge_n so_o that_o if_o this_o make_v a_o tenure_n by_o knight-service_n in_o capite_fw-la in_o the_o thane_n land_n then_o must_v it_o follow_v also_o that_o all_o the_o land_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v likewise_o hold_v by_o knights-service_n in_o capite_fw-la for_o it_o be_v whole_o tie_v to_o those_o three_o service_n as_o appear_v in_o the_o council_n of_o eanham_n cap._n 22._o 23_o 520._o where_o they_o be_v command_v to_o be_v yearly_o do_v and_o by_o the_o law_n of_o canutus_n cap._n 10._o 62._o where_o they_o be_v appoint_v to_o be_v do_v as_o necessity_n require_v and_o also_o by_o the_o law_n of_o king_n ethelred_n who_o about_o the_o thirty_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n ordain_v that_o
every_o 9_o eight_o hide_n or_o ploughland_n through_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n shall_v find_v a_o man_n with_o a_o crosset_n and_o helmet_n to_o the_o naval_a expedition_n and_o every_o three_o hundred_o and_o ten_o plough-land_n a_o ordinary_a ship_n for_o these_o purpose_n triremem_fw-la be_v the_o whole_a land_n former_o divide_v either_o by_o alfred_n the_o great_a or_o some_o other_o precedent_a king_n into_o 243600._o hide_n or_o plough-land_n and_o according_a to_o this_o division_n be_v the_o military_a and_o other_o charge_n of_o the_o kingdom_n impose_v and_o proportion_v without_o ever_o any_o mention_n of_o tenor_n in_o â—â—â—ite_n or_o by_o knight-service_n hence_o it_o rise_v that_o the_o saxon_a king_n in_o grant_v oâ—_n land_n liberty_n and_o privilege_n unto_o ecclesiastical_a person_n and_o other_o be_v usual_o so_o careful_a in_o reserve_v expedition_n burghbote_n and_o brigbote_n as_o you_o may_v see_v in_o the_o charter_n of_o king_n wither_a ..._o ina_n 227._o aethelbald_n 256._o aethelwulph_n 349._o edgar_n 433._o etc._n etc._n in_o the_o britain_n council_n as_o also_o in_o the_o charter_n here_o follow_v and_o in_o a_o multitude_n of_o other_o elsewhere_o beside_o neither_o do_v this_o military_a expedition_n otherwise_o at_o that_o time_n bind_v the_o saxon_n to_o a_o tenure_n in_o capite_fw-la or_o knight-service_n than_o it_o do_v we_o at_o this_o day_n in_o the_o naval_a expedition_n late_o now_o revive_v 〈…〉_z for_o better_a manifestation_n that_o thanelands_n be_v subject_a to_o no_o feudal_a service_n consider_v i_o pray_v you_o the_o word_n of_o the_o saxon_a passage_n before_o mention_v where_o it_o be_v say_v that_o a_o thane_n must_v have_v three_o hide_n at_o least_o of_o his_o agenes_n land_n i._n e._n of_o his_o own_o land_n not_o terrae_fw-la emphiteuticariae_fw-la or_o precariae_fw-la not_o usu-fructuariae_a or_o feodatariae_fw-la but_o as_o a_o latin_a copy_n have_v it_o terrae_fw-la suae_fw-la propriae_fw-la where_o the_o word_n propriae_fw-la carry_v another_o sense_n than_o be_v ordinary_o conceive_v as_o to_o signify_v in_o this_o place_n land_z wherein_o no_o other_o man_n have_v any_o interest_n by_o feodal_a superiority_n or_o dominion_n but_o whereof_o himself_o have_v meram_fw-la proprietatem_fw-la the_o sole_a and_o absolute_a propriety_n even_o the_o same_o alodium_n that_o be_v speak_v of_o in_o the_o report_n 29._o and_o which_o no_o man_n have_v or_o can_v have_v now_o at_o this_o day_n but_o the_o king_n land_n hold_v of_o no_o man_n in_o the_o feodal_a sense_n for_o the_o phrase_n of_o tenure_n be_v not_o then_o in_o use_n among_o the_o saxon_n nor_o tie_v any_o man_n to_o do_v any_o feodal_a service_n another_o old_a latin_n ms._n therefore_o recite_v the_o same_o saxon_a passage_n in_o these_o word_n si_fw-la villanus_fw-la so_o they_o at_o that_o time_n call_v a_o husbandman_n ita_fw-la crevisset_fw-la sua_fw-la probitate_fw-la quod_fw-la pleniter_fw-la haberet_fw-la quinque_fw-la hidas_fw-la de_fw-la svo_fw-la proprio_fw-la alodio_fw-la etc._n etc._n dignus_fw-la erat_fw-la honore_fw-la liberalitatis_fw-la quod_fw-la angli_fw-la dicunt_fw-la ðanescipes_fw-la surðe_fw-la si_fw-la autem_fw-la liberalis_fw-la homo_fw-la 1._o ðegen_fw-mi thanus_n ita_fw-la profecisset_fw-la ut_fw-la regi_fw-la servisset_fw-la &_o vice_fw-la sua_fw-la equitaret_fw-la in_o missatico_n regis_fw-la hic_fw-la talis_fw-la si_fw-la haberet_fw-la alium_fw-la thanum_n sub_fw-la se_fw-la qui_fw-la ad_fw-la expeditionem_fw-la regis_fw-la quinque_fw-la hidas_fw-la teneret_fw-la &_o in_o aula_n regis_fw-la domino_fw-la svo_fw-la servisset_fw-la etc._n etc._n here_o i_o must_v say_v with_o cujacius_n 166._o speak_v of_o the_o author_n of_o the_o second_o book_n of_o feud_n proprietatem_fw-la alias_o vocat_fw-la quod_fw-la hic_fw-la alodium_fw-la note_v thereby_o that_o proprietaâ—_n and_o alodium_n be_v synonima_n signify_v land_n free_a from_o all_o feodal_a service_n and_o hold_v of_o no_o body_n yet_o in_o that_o sense_n alodium_n be_v here_o say_v to_o be_v terra_fw-la ad_fw-la expeditionem_fw-la regis_fw-la land_n oblige_v to_o the_o warfare_n of_o the_o king_n i_o must_v note_v also_o by_o the_o way_n that_o he_o that_o thus_o translate_v the_o saxon_a passage_n by_o the_o word_n qui_fw-la ad_fw-la expeditionem_fw-la regis_fw-la quinque_fw-la hidas_fw-la teneret_fw-la follow_v the_o manner_n which_o before_o we_o speak_v of_o in_o render_v saxon_a custom_n by_o norman_a phrase_n the_o reader_n perhaps_o will_v here_o understand_v teneret_fw-la in_o the_o feodal_a sense_n for_o to_o hold_v of_o his_o lord_n whereas_o in_o the_o saxon_a book_n the_o word_n be_v no_o otherwise_o than_o give_v he_o heâ—de_v i._n e._n if_o he_o have_v five_o hide_n of_o land_n so_o that_o teneret_fw-la here_o be_v no_o otherwise_o to_o be_v take_v than_o for_o possideret_fw-la to_o return_v to_o our_o purpose_n thaneland_n may_v no_o doubt_n be_v tie_v to_o do_v military_a service_n or_o knight-service_n and_o yet_o not_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la or_o by_o knight-service_n for_o it_o be_v one_o thing_n to_o hold_v by_o knight-service_n and_o another_o to_o be_v tie_v to_o do_v it_o no_o man_n hold_v that_o have_v not_o tenementum_fw-la or_o tenementale_fw-la quiddam_fw-la but_o a_o man_n may_v be_v tie_v to_o do_v this_o military_a expedition_n for_o his_o personal_a estate_n though_o he_o have_v no_o land_n or_o for_o his_o very_a person_n itself_o as_o appear_v by_o the_o law_n of_o king_n ina_n cap._n 52._o where_o it_o be_v say_v give_v se_fw-la siðcundman_n etc._n etc._n if_o the_o sithcundman_n have_v land_n forbear_v to_o go_v the_o expedition_n he_o shall_v forfeit_v his_o land_n and_o 120s._o and_o if_o he_o have_v no_o land_n yet_o he_o shall_v forfeit_v 60s._o and_o a_o husbandman_n who_o if_o he_o have_v land_n be_v but_o tenant_n in_o socage_n according_a to_o our_o law_n 30s._o it_o appear_v also_o by_o many_o charter_n of_o the_o saxon_a king_n that_o thane_n land_n be_v not_o feodal_n and_o that_o the_o military_a expedition_n mde_v no_o tenure_n by_o knight-service_n give_v i_o leave_v therefore_o to_o produce_v some_o of_o they_o that_o you_o may_v see_v thereby_o the_o use_n of_o those_o time_n and_o what_o the_o king_n themselves_o conceive_v therein_o chap._n ix_o charter_n of_o thaneland_n grant_v by_o saxon_a king_n not_o only_o without_o mention_n of_o tenure_n or_o feodal_n service_n but_o with_o all_o immunity_n except_o expedition_n etc._n etc._n eadwigus_n ego_fw-la eadwigh_n monarchiam_fw-la totius_fw-la britanniae_fw-la insulae_fw-la cum_fw-la superno_fw-la juvamine_fw-la obtinens_fw-la cuidam_fw-la meo_fw-la fideli_fw-la ministro_fw-la vocitato_n nomine_fw-la aelfwine_n dvas_fw-la mansas_fw-la &_o dimidiam_fw-la tribuo_fw-la perenniter_fw-la illic_fw-la ubi_fw-la antiquorum_fw-la hominum_fw-la relatu_fw-la nominatur_fw-la at_o schylfhinghatune_n habeat_fw-la quam_fw-la diu_fw-la vivat_fw-la &_o post_fw-la cui_fw-la voluerit_fw-la impertiat_fw-la cum_fw-la his_fw-la rebus_fw-la quae_fw-la sibi_fw-la rite_n pertinent_a tamburlaine_n in_o magnis_fw-la quam_fw-la in_o minimis_fw-la sit_fw-la haec_fw-la donatio_fw-la immunis_fw-la a_o servitute_fw-la mundana_fw-la excepto_fw-la illo_fw-la labour_v qui_fw-la communis_fw-la omni_fw-la populo_fw-la videtur_fw-la esse_fw-la not_o name_v expeditione_n etc._n etc._n but_o conclude_v si_fw-la quis_fw-la augeat_fw-la augeatur_fw-la si_fw-mi quis_fw-la minuat_fw-la careat_fw-la praemio_fw-la aeterno_fw-la etc._n etc._n so_o that_o here_o he_o be_v free_v a_o servitute_fw-la mundana_fw-la both_o great_a and_o small_a that_o be_v incident_a or_o inherent_a to_o the_o land_n by_o way_n of_o tenure_n and_o yet_o he_o be_v chargeable_a to_o military_a expedition_n and_o to_o the_o repair_n of_o bridge_n castle_n burrough_n and_o fortification_n but_o that_o not_o otherwise_o than_o as_o all_o the_o land_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v charge_v as_o before_o we_o have_v show_v edgarus_n regnante_fw-la in_o perpetuum_fw-la domino_fw-la nostro_fw-la etc._n etc._n ego_fw-la eadgarus_fw-la rex_fw-la anglorum_fw-la caeterarumque_fw-la gentium_fw-la in_o circuitu_fw-la persistentium_fw-la gubernator_fw-la &_o rector_n cuidam_fw-la fideli_fw-la meo_fw-la ministro_fw-la vocato_fw-la nomine_fw-la alur_n modicam_fw-la muniminis_fw-la mei_fw-la partem_fw-la terrae_fw-la i._n e._n in_o dorset_n &_o tres_fw-la perticas_fw-la in_o illo_fw-la loco_fw-la ubi_fw-la anglica_n appellatione_fw-la dicitur_fw-la at_o lonk_n ut_fw-la habeat_fw-la ac_fw-la possideat_fw-la quamdiu_fw-la vivat_fw-la &_o post_fw-la se_fw-la unum_fw-la haeredem_fw-la quicunque_fw-la sibi_fw-la placuerit_fw-la derelinquat_fw-la sit_fw-la hoc_fw-la praedictum_fw-la rus_fw-la liberum_fw-la ab_fw-la omni_fw-la malorum_fw-la obstaculo_fw-la cum_fw-la omnibus_fw-la ad_fw-la rus_fw-la rite_n pertinentibus_fw-la campis_fw-la pascuis_fw-la pratis_fw-la sylvis_fw-la excepto_fw-la communi_fw-la labour_v expeditione_n pontis_fw-la &_o arcis_fw-la constructione_n si_fw-mi quis_fw-la vero_fw-la hominum_fw-la hanc_fw-la meam_fw-la donationem_fw-la cum_fw-la stultitiae_fw-la temeritate_fw-la jactando_fw-la infringere_fw-la tentaverit_fw-la sit_fw-la ipse_fw-la gravibus_fw-la per_fw-la colla_fw-la depressis_fw-la catenis_fw-la inter_fw-la flamivomes_fw-la tetrorum_fw-la doemonum_fw-la catervas_fw-la nisi_fw-la prius_fw-la ad_fw-la satisfactionem_fw-la emendare_fw-la voluerit_fw-la istis_fw-la terminis_fw-la haec_fw-la tellus_fw-la ambita_fw-la videtur_fw-la ðis_fw-la be_v þe_a landgemark_n at_o lonk_n etc._n etc._n haec_fw-la
under_o these_o name_v all_o the_o land_n that_o belong_v thereunto_o and_o those_o that_o dwell_v upon_o those_o mansas_fw-la etc._n etc._n they_o call_v not_o tenentes_fw-la holder_n as_o we_o do_v but_o manentes_fw-la as_o person_n abide_v there_o all_o the_o foresay_a word_n be_v of_o the_o middle-age-dialect_n not_o appropriate_v to_o the_o feodal_a language_n thaneland_n four_o in_o grant_v of_o feud_n and_o feud_n land_n the_o consideration_n be_v always_o for_o matter_n de_fw-fr futuro_fw-la as_o pro_fw-la homagio_fw-la &_o servitio_fw-la habendo_fw-la but_o here_o in_o grant_v these_o thaneland_n the_o consideration_n be_v for_o service_n past_a or_o present_a signify_v by_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o thane_n as_o fideli_fw-la ministro_fw-la meo_fw-la or_o pro_fw-la placabili_fw-la obsequio_fw-la not_o only_o without_o reservation_n of_o any_o future_a service_n but_o with_o express_a immunity_n from_o all_o service_n as_o to_o use_v the_o word_n of_o the_o charter_n themselves_o 1._o ut_fw-la sint_fw-la libera_fw-la vel_fw-la immunia_fw-la à _fw-la servitute_fw-la mundana_fw-la 2._o ab_fw-la omni_fw-la malorum_fw-la obstaculo_fw-la 3._o liberrima_n ab_fw-la omni_fw-la munduali_fw-la obstaculo_fw-la 4._o liberrimum_fw-la ab_fw-la omni_fw-la munduali_fw-la obstaculo_fw-la in_o magnis_fw-la &_o modicis_fw-la 5._o aeterna_fw-la libertate_fw-la jocundum_fw-la 6._o liberum_fw-la ab_fw-la omni_fw-la seculari_fw-la gravedine_fw-la such_o be_v the_o freedom_n of_o these_o thaneland_n equal_a and_o no_o less_o than_o that_o of_o the_o land_n give_v in_o franck-almoigne_a by_o king_n edgar_n in_o the_o last_o cite_v charter_n which_o be_v there_o say_v to_o be_v omni_fw-la terrenae_fw-la servitutis_fw-la jugo_fw-la liberae_fw-la imperpetuum_fw-la alienate_v five_o the_o feodal_n land_n may_v not_o be_v alien_v without_o licence_n but_o the_o thane_n by_o the_o very_a word_n of_o his_o original_a charter_n may_v grant_v they_o cuicunque_fw-la voluerit_fw-la will._n six_o a_o feodal_n tenant_n or_o tenant_n by_o knights-service_n as_o we_o call_v he_o can_v not_o devise_v his_o land_n by_o will_n before_o the_o statute_n of_o 32._o hen._n viii_o though_o it_o be_v with_o licence_n of_o the_o lord_n and_o of_o the_o king_n himself_o which_o law_n the_o german_n themselves_o do_v hold_v even_o unto_o this_o day_n and_o the_o dane_n can_v yet_o devise_v no_o land_n by_o will_n as_o i_o be_o inform_v but_o the_o thane_n may_v devise_v his_o thaneland_n to_o who_o he_o will_v as_o appear_v bâ—_n the_o word_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o confessor_n in_o a_o charter_n to_o thola_n where_o he_o say_v possideat_fw-la hanc_fw-la meam_fw-la regiam_fw-la donaâ—â—onem_fw-la quamdiu_fw-la vivat_fw-la &_o post_fw-la obitum_fw-la suum_fw-la cuicunque_fw-la voluerit_fw-la haeredi_fw-la relinquat_fw-la exclude_v hereby_o all_o title_n of_o wardship_n and_o feodal_n duty_n to_o the_o same_o effect_n be_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o charter_n and_o therewith_o agree_v the_o privilege_n of_o a_o thane_n before_o mention_v thani_fw-la lex_fw-la est_fw-la ut_fw-la sit_fw-la dignus_fw-la rectitudine_fw-la testamenti_fw-la svi_fw-la as_o for_o that_o passage_n in_o the_o will_n of_o brictrick_n the_o saxon_a where_o he_o seek_v his_o lord_n be_v consent_v that_o his_o will_n may_v stand_v i_o conceive_v it_o to_o be_v in_o respect_n of_o some_o â—oâ—â—land_n or_o custumary_a land_n which_o according_a to_o the_o use_n of_o that_o time_n he_o hold_v at_o the_o will_n of_o his_o lord_n and_o not_o in_o respect_n of_o any_o thaneland_n for_o though_o this_o brictrick_n be_v a_o man_n of_o great_a possession_n yet_o be_v he_o none_o of_o the_o chief_a sort_n of_o thanâ—s_n call_v the_o king_n thanes_z but_z as_o appear_z by_o his_o will_n a_o under-thane_n belong_v to_o aelfric_n who_o be_v earl_n of_o mercia_n and_o how_o far_o the_o privilege_n of_o these_o under_o or_o lesser-thanes_a extend_v i_o can_v yet_o determine_v woman_n seven_o if_o thaneland_n be_v of_o the_o nature_n of_o land_n hold_v by_o knight-service_n then_o by_o the_o feodal_n law_n of_o that_o time_n it_o can_v not_o transire_fw-la a_o lancea_fw-la ad_fw-la fusum_fw-la that_o be_v it_o may_v not_o be_v grant_v to_o woman_n for_o woman_n be_v not_o then_o nor_o long_o after_o capable_a of_o feodal_n land_n but_o the_o land_n here_o grant_v to_o thola_n be_v thaneland_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o very_a word_n of_o her_o charter_n for_o that_o it_o be_v grant_v in_o aeternam_fw-la haereditatem_fw-la perpetualiter_fw-la possidendam_fw-la which_o word_n make_v a_o estate_n of_o inheritance_n be_v only_o proper_a to_o thaneland_n otherwise_o call_v bocland_n not_o to_o folcland_n or_o popular_a land_n which_o be_v but_o at_o will_n of_o the_o lord_n for_o year_n or_o for_o life_n express_v eight_o there_o can_v no_o tenure_n nor_o service_n lie_v upon_o the_o thaneland_n other_o than_o what_o be_v express_v in_o the_o charter_n for_o in_o the_o end_n of_o every_o of_o they_o there_o be_v a_o horrible_a curse_n which_o in_o those_o day_n be_v fearful_o respect_v lay_v by_o the_o king_n himself_o upon_o all_o those_o that_o shall_v violate_v the_o charter_n either_o by_o add_v other_o encumbrance_n or_o by_o diminish_v the_o grant_v immunity_n so_o that_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v suppose_v that_o there_o be_v any_o lurk_a tenure_n or_o matter_n of_o plus_fw-fr ultra_fw-la to_o impeach_v they_o the_o curse_n begin_v in_o every_o of_o the_o charter_n with_o these_o word_n si_fw-la quis_fw-la autem_fw-la etc._n etc._n 〈…〉_z nine_o and_o last_o touch_v expedition_n and_o repair_v of_o castle_n and_o bridge_n which_o the_o saxon_n call_v burghbote_n and_o brugbote_n though_o the_o two_o first_o of_o they_o be_v whole_o military_a and_o the_o last_o serve_v as_o well_o for_o the_o passage_n of_o the_o king_n army_n as_o for_o the_o trade_n and_o commerce_n of_o his_o people_n yet_o be_v none_o of_o they_o either_o mark_n of_o tenure_n or_o of_o feodal_n service_n as_o appear_z by_o that_o we_o have_v former_o show_v and_o by_o the_o testimony_n of_o these_o charter_n where_o to_o use_v the_o word_n of_o edw_n the_o confessor_n in_o that_o to_o thola_n it_o be_v say_v that_o they_o be_v omnibus_fw-la hominibus_fw-la communia_fw-la a_o common_a burden_n to_o all_o man_n as_o belong_v to_o the_o safety_n and_o sacred_a anchor_n both_o of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o commonwealth_n the_o saxon_n therefore_o do_v not_o call_v they_o service_n or_o feodal_n duty_n as_o thing_n that_o lay_v upon_o the_o person_n of_o the_o owner_n but_o landirecta_fw-la right_n that_o charge_v the_o very_a land_n whosoever_o do_v possess_v it_o church_n or_o lay_n man_n and_o these_o duty_n be_v ordinary_o except_v in_o every_o charter_n not_o for_o that_o they_o shall_v otherwise_o be_v extinguish_v but_o per_fw-la superabundantem_fw-la cautelam_fw-la lest_o the_o general_a word_n precedent_n shall_v be_v mistake_v to_o involve_v they_o and_o to_o release_v that_o which_o the_o king_n can_v not_o release_v for_o though_o ethelbald_a by_o his_o charter_n to_o the_o monk_n of_o croyland_n 852._o do_v give_v the_o site_n of_o that_o monastery_n with_o the_o appendancy_n etc._n etc._n libera_fw-la &_o soluta_fw-la ab_fw-la omni_fw-la onere_fw-la seculari_fw-la in_o perpetuam_fw-la elâ—emosynam_fw-la yet_o in_o his_o charter_n of_o privilege_n grant_v to_o all_o church_n and_o monastery_n of_o his_o kingdom_n speak_v of_o the_o repair_n of_o castle_n and_o bridge_n he_o confess_v and_o say_v that_o nulli_fw-la unquam_fw-la relaxari_fw-la possunt_fw-la and_o i_o suppose_v that_o the_o word_n expedition_n be_v here_o omit_v by_o the_o negligence_n of_o the_o scribe_n for_o i_o never_o find_v it_o sever_v from_o repair_v of_o castle_n and_o bridge_n in_o any_o other_o charter_n and_o also_o though_o king_n ethelwulf_n by_o his_o memorable_a charter_n of_o privilege_n ratify_v by_o the_o great_a council_n of_o winchester_n in_o the_o year_n 855._o do_v by_o express_a word_n free_a sanctam_fw-la ecclesiam_fw-la that_o be_v all_o the_o church_n and_o monastery_n of_o his_o kingdom_n ab_fw-la expeditione_n &_o pontis_fw-la extructione_fw-la &_o arcis_fw-la munitione_n al._n yet_o the_o whole_a clergy_n about_o the_o year_n 868._o do_v notwithstanding_o voluntary_o assist_v his_o son_n beorredus_n against_o the_o dane_n with_o all_o the_o power_n they_o can_v as_o appear_v by_o the_o charter_n of_o the_o same_o beorredus_n chap._n xi_o more_o touch_v the_o freedom_n of_o thaneland_n out_o of_o doomsday_n owner_n though_o that_o which_o be_v deliver_v in_o these_o charter_n be_v authentical_a and_o need_v no_o far_o proof_n yet_o to_o convince_v broad_a spread_a error_n the_o more_o manifest_o it_o will_v not_o be_v unnecessary_a to_o show_v what_o doomsday_n itself_o relate_v to_o confirm_v it_o for_o whereas_o land_n hold_v in_o capite_fw-la and_o by_o knights-service_n can_v not_o otherwise_o be_v dispose_v than_o by_o licence_n of_o the_o king_n or_o superior_a lord_n doomsday_n show_v that_o the_o thaneland_n may_v be_v use_v and_o dispose_v at_o the_o pleasure_n of_o the_o owner_n without_o impeachment_n
that_o succeed_v and_o out_o of_o his_o purse_n the_o heriot_n whether_o the_o son_n or_o heir_n enjoy_v the_o land_n or_o not_o the_o relief_n by_o none_o but_o he_o only_o that_o obtain_v the_o land_n in_o succession_n the_o heriot_n whether_o the_o land_n be_v fall_v into_o the_o lord_n hand_n or_o not_o the_o relief_n in_o old_a time_n not_o unless_o it_o be_v fall_v and_o lie_v destitute_a of_o a_o tenant_n who_o take_v of_o it_o up_o out_o of_o the_o lord_n hand_n be_v in_o that_o sense_n call_v relevium_fw-la or_o relevatio_fw-la a_o take_v up_o of_o that_o be_v fall_v according_a to_o the_o french_a word_n relief_n 1._o bracton_n well_o observe_v the_o difference_n say_v fit_a quaedam_fw-la praestatio_fw-la quae_fw-la non_fw-la dicitur_fw-la relevium_fw-la sed_fw-la quasi_fw-la sicut_fw-la heriotum_fw-la quasi_fw-la loco_fw-la relevii_fw-la &_o quod_fw-la dari_fw-la debet_fw-la aliquando_fw-la ante_fw-la sacramentum_fw-la fidelitatis_fw-la aliquando_fw-la post_fw-la hotoman_n feudal_n say_v relevium_fw-la dicitur_fw-la honorarium_fw-la munus_fw-la quod_fw-la novus_fw-la vassallus_fw-la patrono_fw-la introitus_fw-la causa_fw-la largitur_fw-la quasi_fw-la morte_fw-la alterius_fw-la vassalli_n vel_fw-la alio_fw-la quo_fw-la casu_fw-la feudum_fw-la ceciderit_fw-la quod_fw-la jam_fw-la à _fw-la novo_fw-la sublevetur_fw-la nou._n leo._n 13._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d nominat_fw-la i_o stand_v the_o long_o herein_o for_o that_o not_o only_o the_o report_n but_o even_a doomsday_n itself_o and_o general_o all_o the_o ancient_a monkish_a writer_n have_v confound_v heriot_n and_o releif_n yet_o may_v i_o have_v save_v all_o this_o labour_n for_o nothing_o can_v make_v the_o difference_n more_o manifest_a than_o that_o we_o often_o see_v both_o of_o they_o be_v together_o issue_v out_o of_o the_o same_o land_n but_o when_o all_o be_v do_v neither_o be_v heriot_n nor_o releif_n any_o badge_n of_o land_n hold_v by_o knight's-service_n or_o in_o capite_fw-la for_o both_o of_o they_o be_v find_v in_o land_n of_o ordinary_a socage_n yet_o i_o confess_v that_o bracton_n say_v 8._o de_fw-fr soccagio_fw-it non_fw-it datur_fw-la relevium_fw-la and_o a_o little_a before_o de_fw-fr soccagio_fw-it non_fw-it competit_fw-la domino_fw-la capitali_fw-la custodia_fw-la nec_fw-la homagium_fw-la &_o ubi_fw-la nulla_fw-la custodia_fw-la nullum_fw-la relevium_fw-la sed_fw-la è_fw-la contra_fw-la but_o this_o serve_v my_o turn_n very_o well_o for_o that_o they_o in_o the_o report_n have_v fail_v to_o prove_v that_o releif_n be_v in_o use_n in_o the_o saxon_n time_n whereof_o they_o affirm_v they_o have_v full_a testimony_n it_o now_o infer_v on_o my_o behalf_n that_o if_o releif_n and_o wardship_n be_v not_o in_o use_n among_o the_o saxon_n that_o then_o also_o tenure_n by_o knight-service_n be_v not_o with_o they_o beside_o all_o this_o the_o heriot_n be_v a_o certain_a duty_n and_o settle_v by_o law_n the_o relief_n so_o various_a and_o uncertain_a as_o the_o lord_n exact_v what_o they_o list_v for_o it_o when_o it_o fall_v into_o their_o hand_n constrain_a the_o heir_n of_o the_o tenant_n as_o it_o be_v to_o make_v a_o new_a purchase_n of_o their_o feud_n whereupon_o the_o feudist_n call_v this_o relief_n not_o only_a renovatio_n and_o restauratio_fw-la feudi_fw-la in_o greek_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d turn_v or_o bring_v back_o of_o the_o feud_n to_o the_o former_a condition_n or_o proper_a nature_n of_o it_o but_o also_o redemptio_fw-la a_o ransome_v of_o it_o out_o of_o the_o lord_n hand_n that_o it_o thus_o stand_v with_o we_o in_o england_n by_o and_o by_o after_o the_o conquest_n appear_v by_o that_o we_o have_v show_v before_o out_o of_o the_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la of_o henry_n 1_n chap._n xix_o no_o fine_n for_o licence_n of_o alienation_n alienation_n touch_v fine_n for_o licence_n of_o alienation_n it_o be_v not_o say_v what_o kind_n of_o tenant_n among_o the_o saxon_n do_v pay_v they_o nor_o for_o what_o kind_n of_o land_n they_o be_v pay_v the_o thaneland_n hereditary_a be_v apparent_o discharge_v thereof_o by_o the_o ordinary_a word_n of_o their_o charter_n before_o mention_v where_o it_o be_v say_v that_o the_o owner_n of_o land_n may_v give_v and_o bequeath_v they_o cuicunque_fw-la voluerint_fw-la and_o that_o free_o ab_fw-la omni_fw-la munduali_fw-la obstaculo_fw-la doomsday_n also_o as_o we_o here_o show_v do_v testify_v as_o much_o and_o so_o do_v the_o very_a word_n alodium_n which_o the_o ancient_a author_n attribute_n to_o these_o land_n so_o that_o the_o thaneland_n doubtless_o be_v free_a both_o from_o the_o fine_a and_o licence_n folcland_n but_o as_o touch_v folcland_n and_o land_n hold_v at_o will_n of_o the_o lord_n though_o continue_v in_o ancient_a time_n to_o their_o child_n after_o the_o manner_n of_o copy-holds_a it_o be_v no_o question_n but_o that_o they_o may_v both_o have_v licence_n for_o alien_v such_o land_n and_o also_o pay_v consideration_n for_o it_o as_o our_o copy-holders_n do_v at_o this_o day_n i_o find_v mâ—pham_n that_o one_o brictrick_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n etheldred_n about_o the_o year_n 984._o bequeath_v legacy_n of_o good_a value_n unto_o his_o lord_n wife_n to_o entreat_v her_o husband_n that_o this_o brictrick_n will_n whereby_o he_o have_v devise_v many_o land_n and_o good_n to_o monastery_n and_o divers_a man_n may_v stand_v and_o that_o thola_n the_o widow_n of_o irk_v a_o thane_n of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n obtain_v licence_n from_o the_o same_o king_n edward_n that_o she_o may_v devise_v both_o her_o land_n and_o good_n to_o the_o monastery_n of_o abbotsbury_n but_o of_o what_o nature_n these_o licence_n be_v whether_o to_o alienate_v the_o land_n or_o to_o make_v a_o will_n or_o to_o give_v the_o land_n to_o monastery_n as_o in_o mortmain_n i_o can_v determine_v if_o they_o only_o intend_v alienation_n than_o i_o understand_v they_o only_o of_o land_n hold_v according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o time_n at_o will_n of_o the_o lord_n or_o folcland_n yet_o in_o that_o thola_n licence_n be_v as_o well_o to_o bequeath_v her_o good_n express_o as_o her_o land_n the_o licence_n seem_v to_o be_v give_v therefore_o to_o make_v a_o will_n which_o no_o man_n then_o can_v do_v if_o not_o a_o thane_n quaere_fw-la but_o howsoever_o it_o be_v expound_v it_o must_v not_o be_v extend_v to_o the_o thaneland_n or_o land_n hereditary_a for_o the_o reason_n before_o allege_a and_o as_o touch_v fine_n for_o licence_n of_o alienation_n after_o our_o manner_n which_o the_o report_n suggest_v they_o can_v not_o doubtless_o be_v in_o use_n among_o the_o saxon_n for_o there_o be_v not_o find_v as_o i_o suppose_v here_o among_o we_o before_o the_o time_n of_o edward_n i._o and_o not_o establish_v afterward_o till_o 1._o edw._n iii_o where_o the_o king_n grant_v that_o from_o thenceforth_o land_n hold_v in_o chief_a shall_v not_o be_v seize_v as_o forfeit_v which_o former_o they_o be_v for_o alienation_n without_o licence_n but_o that_o a_o reasonable_a fine_n shall_v be_v take_v for_o the_o same_o see_v the_o statute_n chap._n xx._n no_o feodal_n homage_n among_o the_o saxon_n homage_n our_o word_n man_n and_o homo_fw-la in_o latin_a have_v for_o many_o age_n in_o old_a time_n be_v use_v by_o the_o german_a and_o western_a nation_n for_o a_o servant_n or_o vassal_n and_o from_o thence_o hominium_fw-la and_o vassaticum_fw-la afterward_o homagium_fw-la be_v likewise_o use_v for_o hominem_fw-la agere_fw-la to_o do_v the_o office_n or_o duty_n of_o a_o servant_n not_o to_o signify_v manhood_n as_o some_o â—_o expound_v it_o and_o so_o also_o vassalagium_fw-la but_o by_o little_a and_o little_a all_o these_o latter_a word_n have_v be_v restrain_v to_o note_v no_o more_o than_o our_o ceremonial_a homage_n belong_v proper_o unto_o tenor_n which_o i_o meet_v not_o with_o among_o our_o saxon_n nor_o any_o show_n thereof_o in_o former_a age_n unless_o we_o shall_v fancy_v that_o the_o devil_n have_v it_o in_o his_o eye_n when_o he_o offer_v to_o give_v unto_o our_o saviour_n all_o the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o world_n if_o he_o will_v fall_v down_o and_o worship_v he_o for_o here_o he_o make_v himself_o as_o capital_a lord_n our_o saviour_n as_o the_o feodal_n tenant_n the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o world_n to_o be_v the_o feud_n the_o fall_v or_o kneeling_z down_o to_o be_v the_o homage_n and_o the_o worship_v of_o he_o consist_v as_o the_o feodists_n expound_v it_o in_o six_o rule_n of_o service_n to_o be_v the_o fealty_n pardon_v i_o this_o idleness_n but_o from_o such_o missemblance_n rise_v many_o error_n twofold_n homage_n as_o we_o understand_v it_o in_o our_o law_n be_v of_o two_o sort_n one_o more_o ancient_a than_o the_o other_o call_v homagium_fw-la ligeum_fw-la as_o due_a unto_o the_o king_n in_o respect_n of_o sovereignty_n and_o so_o do_v more_o francico_fw-la to_o king_n pipin_n by_o tassilo_n duke_n of_o bavaria_n about_o the_o year_n 756._o the_o other_o homagium_fw-la feodale_n or_o praediale_a belong_v to_o
of_o a_o fine_a as_o be_v common_a in_o all_o case_n of_o feodal_n tenor_n empire_n this_o have_v some_o show_n of_o our_o escuage_z and_o may_v well_o have_v take_v that_o name_n from_o the_o manner_n of_o summons_n use_v in_o the_o empire_n which_o be_v by_o erect_v a_o post_n or_o pillar_n and_o hang_v a_o shield_n at_o the_o top_n thereof_o a_o herald_n proclaim_v that_o all_o who_o hold_v in_o this_o manner_n shall_v at_o such_o a_o day_n attend_v the_o emperor_n in_o his_o voyage_n to_o rome_n for_o take_v the_o crown_n of_o italy_n or_o king_n of_o roman_n which_o the_o ligurine_a poet_n thus_o express_v 301._o ligno_fw-la suspenditur_fw-la alte_fw-la erecto_fw-la clypeus_fw-la tunc_fw-la praeco_fw-la regius_fw-la omnes_fw-la convocat_n a_o dominis_fw-la feudalia_fw-la jura_fw-la tenentes_fw-la etc._n etc._n as_o we_o have_v show_v in_o our_o glossary_a verbo_fw-la feudum_fw-la he_o use_v clypeus_fw-la for_o a_o shield_n instead_o of_o scutum_fw-la and_o from_o this_o shield_n i_o say_v it_o may_v well_o be_v call_v scutagium_fw-la as_o also_o from_o the_o service_n perform_v in_o it_o cum_fw-la hasta_fw-la &_o scuto_fw-la yet_o this_o summons_n be_v not_o call_v schiltbannum_n but_o heribannum_fw-la that_o be_v indictio_fw-la exercitus_fw-la not_o indictio_fw-la sâ—uti_fw-la but_o to_o keep_v near_o the_o matter_n first_o our_o saxon_n neither_o use_v the_o name_n nor_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o norman_a escuage_z for_o they_o call_v their_o go_v to_o war_n upon_o legal_a summons_n firdfare_n and_o utfare_n in_o latin_a expeditionem_fw-la and_o profectionem_fw-la second_o they_o be_v not_o tie_v to_o any_o definite_a time_n of_o abode_n as_o for_o forty_o day_n or_o more_o or_o less_o but_o as_o the_o law_n say_v 10._o sÆ¿a_o a_o ðon_n ðearf_n sy_n for_o gemeneâ—â—â—re_a neode_n so_o as_o need_v shall_v require_v for_o common_a necessity_n three_o the_o mulct_n or_o forfeiture_n that_o the_o tenant_n in_o escuage_z incur_v for_o not_o go_v forth_o upon_o that_o summons_n be_v uncertain_a among_o the_o norman_n and_o we_o till_o the_o parliament_n assign_v it_o but_o among_o the_o saxon_n he_o that_o offend_v in_o ferdwite_n that_o be_v in_o not_o go_v forth_o in_o the_o expedition_n be_v certain_o fine_v at_o 120_o 13._o four_o whereas_o every_o lord_n among_o we_o have_v the_o fine_a assess_v by_o parliament_n of_o his_o own_o tenant_n for_o the_o land_n hold_v of_o himself_o the_o king_n among_o the_o saxon_n have_v the_o fine_a aforesaid_a of_o every_o delinquent_n who_o tenant_n or_o follower_n soever_o he_o be_v by_o all_o the_o law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n that_o be_v to_o say_v by_o the_o west-saxon_a law_n by_o the_o mercian_n and_o by_o the_o dane_n law_n though_o otherwise_o they_o differ_v 69._o in_o their_o heriot_n and_o many_o particular_a custom_n so_o that_o to_o talk_v of_o escuage_z among_o the_o saxon_n be_v without_o all_o colour_n or_o probability_n as_o i_o take_v it_o chap._n xxiii_o no_o feodal_n escheat_n of_o hereditary_a land_n among_o the_o saxon_n escheat_n escheat_n of_o eschoeir_n in_o french_a signify_v thing_n come_v accidental_o as_o on_o the_o by_o or_o by_o chance_n the_o fâ—odists_n therefore_o call_v they_o caduca_fw-la a_fw-la cadendo_fw-la and_o excadentias_fw-la the_o black_a book_n of_o the_o exchequer_n escaetas_n excidentia_fw-la and_o excadentia_fw-la but_o among_o our_o saxon_n i_o find_v no_o word_n to_o express_v they_o either_o proper_o or_o paraphrastical_o in_o our_o law_n they_o be_v of_o two_o sort_n regal_a escheat_n and_o feodal_n regal_a be_v those_o obvention_n and_o forfeiture_n which_o belong_v general_o to_o king_n by_o the_o ancient_a right_n of_o their_o crown_n and_o supreme_a dignity_n thus_o king_n david_n give_v the_o land_n of_o mephibosheth_n accuse_v of_o treason_n unto_o ziba_n though_o too_o hasty_o feodal_n be_v those_o which_o accrue_v to_o every_o feodal_n lord_n as_o well_o as_o to_o the_o king_n by_o reason_n of_o his_o seignory_n and_o of_o all_o the_o fruit_n of_o tenure_n none_o so_o great_a as_o this_o if_o we_o may_v call_v it_o a_o fruit_n where_o the_o feud_n or_o tree_n itself_o result_v back_o unto_o the_o lord_n let_v we_o see_v therefore_o if_o we_o find_v any_o of_o these_o feodal_n escheat_n among_o the_o saxon_n examine_v there_o be_v a_o shrewd_a text_n i_o confess_v in_o canutus_n his_o law_n qui_fw-la fugiet_fw-la à _fw-la domino_fw-la svo_fw-la vel_fw-la socio_fw-la pro_fw-la timiditate_fw-la in_o expeditione_n navali_fw-la vel_fw-la terrestri_fw-la perdat_fw-la omne_fw-la quod_fw-la suum_fw-la est_fw-la &_o svam_fw-la ipsius_fw-la vitam_fw-la &_o manus_fw-la mittat_fw-la dominus_fw-la ad_fw-la terram_fw-la quam_fw-la ei_fw-la dederat_fw-la &_o si_fw-la terram_fw-la haereditariam_fw-la habeat_fw-la ipsa_fw-la in_o manum_fw-la regis_fw-la transeat_fw-la here_o be_v the_o appearance_n of_o a_o tenure_n of_o a_o feud_n of_o a_o forfeiture_n and_o of_o a_o escheat_n the_o tenure_n lie_v between_o the_o lord_n and_o his_o fugitive_a vassal_n who_o the_o saxon_n and_o german_n call_v his_o man_n we_o his_o tenant_n the_o feud_n in_o the_o land_n quam_fw-la dâ—mâ—nus_fw-la â—i_fw-la dederat_fw-la the_o forfeiture_n in_o fugiendo_fw-la in_o the_o vassal_n run_v away_o and_o the_o escheat_n in_o the_o lord_n be_v seize_v of_o the_o land_n manus_fw-la mittat_fw-la dominus_fw-la in_o terram_fw-la quam_fw-la ei_fw-la dederat_fw-la let_v the_o lord_n take_v back_o the_o estate_n which_o he_o give_v in_o the_o temporary_a feud_n but_o for_o the_o hereditary_a land_n he_o say_v transeat_fw-la non_fw-la redeat_fw-la in_fw-la manum_fw-la regis_fw-la all_o this_o be_v nothing_o in_o our_o case_n for_o i_o declare_v in_o the_o beginning_n that_o our_o question_n be_v fix_v upon_o such_o feud_n as_o the_o law_n of_o england_n take_v notice_n of_o at_o this_o day_n that_o be_v of_o feud_n after_o they_o be_v become_v hereditary_a and_o perpetual_a not_o of_o those_o mention_v by_o gerardus_n niger_n which_o be_v temporary_a as_o at_o will_n of_o the_o lord_n or_o for_o year_n or_o for_o life_n like_v they_o here_o intend_v by_o canutus_n this_o very_a law_n observe_v the_o difference_n and_o discover_v also_o that_o feud_n be_v not_o hereditary_a in_o his_o time_n and_o therefore_o give_v the_o feodal_a land_n be_v but_o a_o temporary_a estate_n back_o unto_o the_o lord_n in_o who_o the_o reversion_n be_v by_o inheritance_n as_o a_o feodal_n right_n but_o give_v the_o hereditary_a land_n unto_o the_o king_n as_o a_o regal_a escheat_n for_o that_o there_o be_v no_o mean_a or_o intervenient_a lord_n to_o claim_v they_o by_o any_o feodal_a tenure_n for_o that_o the_o hereditary_a land_n among_o the_o saxon_n otherwise_o call_v bocland_n be_v hold_v of_o no_o body_n nor_o subject_n to_o any_o feodal_a service_n as_o we_o have_v often_o declare_v and_o can_v not_o therefore_o escheat_n unto_o any_o feodal_a lord_n the_o kentish_a custom_n of_o the_o father_n to_o the_o bough_n and_o the_o son_n to_o the_o plough_n suggest_v as_o much_o and_o show_v also_o to_o have_v be_v the_o general_a use_n of_o england_n till_o the_o conqueror_n introduce_v hereditary_a feud_n put_v upon_o we_o therewith_o these_o great_a feodal_n servitude_n of_o wardship_n marriage_n escheat_n etc._n etc._n so_o that_o the_o hereditary_a land_n not_o be_v feodal_n in_o the_o saxon_n time_n nor_o the_o feodal_a land_n hereditary_a there_o can_v then_o be_v no_o feodal_a escheat_n among_o they_o and_o i_o take_v it_o to_o be_v considerable_a whether_o the_o land_n resume_v by_o the_o lord_n upon_o his_o vassal's_n running_n away_o be_v proper_o a_o escheat_n by_o the_o law_n of_o canutus_n or_o rather_o a_o penalty_n only_o impose_v in_o this_o particular_a case_n chap._n xxiv_o thaneland_n and_o reveland_n what_o no_o mark_n of_o tenure_n but_o distinction_n of_o land-holders_n thaneland_n there_o be_v yet_o another_o assertion_n rather_o show_v than_o prove_v 34._o that_o the_o thani_fw-la majores_fw-la or_o king_n thanes_z hold_v by_o personal_a service_n of_o the_o king_n person_n by_o grand_a serjanty_n or_o knights-service_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o the_o reason_n follow_v be_v that_o the_o land_n so_o hold_v be_v in_o those_o time_n call_v thaneland_n as_o land_v reveland_n hold_v in_o socage_n be_v call_v reveland_n so_o frequent_o in_o doomsday_n 〈…〉_z haec_fw-la terra_fw-la fuit_fw-la terra_fw-la regis_fw-la edwardi_fw-la thainland_n sed_fw-la postea_fw-la conversa_fw-la est_fw-la in_o reveland_n coke_n instit_n §_n 117._o thus_o the_o report_n discharge_v itself_o upon_o my_o lord_n coke_n who_o word_n be_v these_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o in_o the_o book_n of_o doomsday_n land_n hold_v by_o knights-service_n be_v call_v thainland_n and_o land_n hold_v by_o socage_n be_v call_v reveland_n i_o reverence_v the_o opinion_n of_o that_o famous_a lawyer_n with_o admiration_n but_o i_o suppose_v he_o speak_v not_o this_o ex_fw-la tripod_n juridico_fw-la for_o it_o be_v impossible_a that_o it_o and_o that_o which_o be_v before_o deliver_v out_o of_o the_o
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to_o order_n and_o dispose_v shall_v contrary_a to_o his_o vocation_n meddle_v with_o the_o divine_a service_n but_o present_v his_o clerk_n only_o so_o in_o like_a manner_n when_o the_o king_n grant_v to_o clergyman_n chase_n park_n and_o warren_n it_o be_v not_o intend_v that_o contrary_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o their_o profession_n and_o law_n of_o the_o church_n they_o shall_v or_o may_v become_v hunter_n and_o forester_n my_o long_a stay_n upon_o this_o point_n be_v a_o preparative_n to_o a_o answer_n to_o the_o next_o which_o be_v the_o statute_n of_o ric._n ii_o be_v in_o the_o negative_a that_o no_o priest_n nor_o other_o clerk_n not_o advance_v to_o 10l._o a_o year_n shall_v have_v or_o keep_v any_o greyhound_n nor_o other_o dog_n to_o hunt_n nor_o they_o shall_v not_o use_v ferret_n hay_n net_n hare-pipe_n nor_o cord_n nor_o other_o engine_n for_o to_o take_v and_o destroy_v dear_a hare_n nor_o coney_n etc._n etc._n upon_o pain_n of_o one_o year_n imprisonment_n the_o 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to_o the_o former_a rate_n of_o sieve_n groat_n to_o the_o ounce_n do_v you_o think_v that_o thing_n will_v then_o be_v sell_v for_o so_o many_o shilling_n or_o pound_n as_o they_o now_o be_v i_o warrant_v you_o no._n then_o be_v it_o the_o unstable_a value_n of_o our_o former_a coin_n that_o so_o much_o deceive_v a_o great_a number_n for_o look_v into_o such_o thing_n as_o have_v always_o retain_v a_o uniform_a content_n and_o you_o shall_v find_v little_a difference_n between_o our_o and_o the_o former_a time_n in_o give_v one_o of_o those_o thing_n for_o another_o for_o at_o this_o day_n you_o may_v buy_v a_o cow_n for_o as_o few_o sheep_n as_o you_o can_v then_o and_o a_o horse_n for_o as_o few_o cow_n the_o land_n that_o be_v then_o let_v with_o we_o in_o norfolk_n for_o 8d._o or_o 10d._o the_o acre_n and_o now_o for_o eight_o groat_n or_o three_o shilling_n be_v in_o those_o day_n also_o let_v for_o a_o coumbe_n of_o barley_n and_o yet_o will_v not_o now_o be_v hire_v at_o so_o 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thereof_o no_o not_o for_o his_o own_o service_n much_o less_o for_o the_o temple_n of_o god_n yet_o afterward_o it_o become_v so_o scarce_o as_o when_o 24._o joash_n undertake_v to_o repair_v the_o temple_n he_o be_v drive_v to_o tax_v the_o people_n for_o it_o that_o thereby_o he_o may_v have_v wherewith_o to_o pay_v the_o workman_n and_o whereon_o to_o make_v the_o holy_a vessel_n so_o king_n edw._n iii_o have_v with_o effusion_n of_o much_o treasure_n end_v his_o scottish_a war_n and_o determine_v to_o begin_v afresh_o with_o france_n practise_v such_o mean_n to_o recover_v money_n to_o supply_v these_o charge_n as_o he_o get_v so_o much_o into_o his_o hand_n that_o writer_n report_v it_o be_v very_o scant_o and_o hard_o to_o be_v come_v by_o through_o the_o whole_a realm_n and_o hereupon_o proceed_v the_o cheapness_n that_o you_o speak_v of_o man_n be_v constrain_v to_o give_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o ware_n for_o a_o little_a money_n because_o they_o can_v have_v no_o other_o 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consider_v of_o and_o i_o know_v by_o certain_a speech_n utter_v in_o the_o last_o parliament_n that_o her_o majesty_n be_v occasion_n to_o disperse_v it_o be_v exceed_o great_a and_o urgent_a yet_o a_o principal_a part_n thereof_o run_v as_o in_o a_o circle_n up_o and_o down_o the_o land_n and_o though_o she_o send_v much_o beyond_o the_o sea_n for_o entertainment_n of_o her_o band_n and_o garrison_n and_o execute_v of_o her_o other_o royal_a purpose_n yet_o do_v she_o therein_o but_o as_o all_o her_o renown_a progenitor_n have_v do_v before_o she_o for_o neither_o england_n nor_o any_o other_o realm_n in_o europe_n have_v ever_o want_v this_o kind_n of_o issue_n but_o the_o reason_n
that_o make_v i_o think_v that_o our_o wealth_n shall_v continue_v with_o we_o better_o now_o than_o in_o time_n past_o it_o have_v do_v be_v for_o that_o the_o roman-coffer_n be_v not_o now_o glut_v as_o they_o have_v be_v with_o english-treasure_n continual_o flow_v into_o they_o for_o it_o be_v a_o world_n to_o consider_v the_o huge_a stock_n of_o money_n that_o those_o cozen_a prelate_n have_v heretofore_o extort_a out_o of_o her_o majesty_n kingdom_n by_o their_o antichristian_a and_o usurp_v supremacy_n as_o by_o pope_n innocent_a constrain_a king_n john_n to_o redeem_v his_o crown_n at_o his_o hand_n and_o to_o take_v it_o for_o ever_o in_o farm_n for_o the_o yearly_a rent_n of_o 1000_o mark_n to_o be_v pay_v to_o he_o and_o his_o successor_n by_o cause_v henry_n iii_o to_o maintain_v his_o war_n against_o frederick_n the_o emperor_n and_o conrade_n king_n of_o sicil_n by_o draw_v from_o our_o king_n many_o contribution_n and_o benevolence_n by_o lay_v upon_o their_o subject_n as_o well_o temporal_a as_o spiritual_a ten_o and_o tax_v in_o most_o ravenous_a manner_n and_o that_o very_a often_o so_o that_o in_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n iii_o the_o realm_n be_v by_o such_o a_o extreme_a tax_n mighty_o impoverish_v as_o our_o chronicle_n witness_v as_o also_o at_o many_o other_o time_n since_o and_o before_o for_o when_o the_o pope_n be_v dispose_v to_o use_v money_n he_o will_v tax_v our_o people_n as_o if_o they_o have_v be_v his_o natural_a subject_n by_o many_o congratulation_n of_o the_o clergy_n as_o 11000._o mark_n at_o one_o pull_v to_o pope_n innocent_n iv._o by_o private_a remembrance_n from_o single_a bishop_n as_o 9500._o mark_n from_o the_o archbishop_n of_o york_n to_o pope_n clement_n v._o in_o an._n 34._o or_o 35._o edw._n i._n and_o from_o divers_a of_o they_o joint_o 6000._o mark_n to_o the_o foresay_a innocent_n by_o their_o rich_a revenue_n of_o the_o first-fruit_n and_o ten_o as_o well_o of_o the_o archbishopric_n as_o of_o all_o other_o spiritual_a live_n now_o reannext_v unto_o the_o crown_n by_o the_o parliament_n in_o the_o first_o of_o her_o majesty_n by_o installing_n consecrate_v and_o confirm_v bishop_n by_o deal_v benefice_n by_o appellation_n to_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n by_o give_v definitive_a sentence_n by_o distribute_v heavenly_a grace_n by_o grant_v pardon_n and_o faculty_n by_o dispensation_n of_o marriage_n oath_n and_o such_o like_a by_o sell_v their_o bless_a trumpery_n and_o many_o such_o other_o thing_n that_o i_o can_v reckon_v whereof_o that_o merchandize_v prelate_n know_v full_a well_o how_o to_o make_v a_o commodity_n according_a to_o the_o say_n of_o mantuan_n venalia_fw-la nobis_fw-la templa_fw-la sacerdotes_fw-la altaria_fw-la sacra_fw-la coronae_fw-la ignis_fw-la thura_fw-la preces_fw-la coelum_fw-la est_fw-la venale_n deusque_fw-la all_o this_o consider_v and_o that_o the_o sum_n of_o money_n by_o they_o receive_v before_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n viii_o be_v according_a to_o the_o value_n of_o our_o coin_n at_o this_o day_n three_o time_n as_o much_o as_o before_o be_v show_v you_o must_v needs_o confess_v that_o the_o fat_a of_o the_o land_n lard_v the_o roman_a dish_n whilst_o ourselves_o teer_v upon_o the_o lean-bone_n beside_o it_o must_v not_o be_v forget_v that_o one_o ten_o grant_v to_o the_o pope_n impoverish_v the_o realm_n more_o than_o ten_o unto_o the_o king_n for_o what_o the_o king_n have_v be_v at_o length_n return_v again_o among_o the_o subject_n little_a thereof_o go_v out_o of_o the_o land_n much_o like_o the_o life-blood_n which_o though_o it_o shift_v in_o divers_a part_n yet_o still_o continue_v itself_o within_o the_o body_n but_o whatsoever_o come_v into_o st._n peter_n pouch_n be_v lock_v up_o with_o the_o infernal_a key_n et_fw-la ab_fw-la infernis_fw-la nulla_fw-la est_fw-la redemptio_fw-la england_n may_v lick_v her_o lip_n after_o that_o it_o come_v no_o more_o among_o her_o people_n thus_o we_o be_v make_v the_o bee_n of_o holy-church_n suffer_v to_o work_n and_o store_v our_o hive_n as_o well_o as_o we_o can_v but_o when_o they_o wax_v any_o thing_n weighty_a his_o legate_n be_v send_v to_o drive_v they_o and_o fetch_v away_o the_o honey_n yea_o if_o his_o holiness_n be_v sharp_o set_v indeed_o he_o will_v not_o stick_v to_o use_v a_o trick_n of_o husbandry_n rather_o burn_v the_o bee_n than_o want_v the_o honey_n i_o may_v tell_v you_o too_o his_o legate_n and_o nuncio_n be_v ever_o trim_a fellow_n at_o lick_v of_o the_o hive_n as_o in_o our_o chronicle_n you_o may_v read_v abundant_o viand_n you_o have_v make_v the_o matter_n so_o plain_a that_o i_o must_v needs_o grant_v that_o our_o treasure_n go_v not_o out_o of_o the_o land_n in_o any_o comparable_a measure_n as_o it_o do_v in_o time_n past_a for_o as_o you_o say_v though_o these_o action_n of_o the_o low-countries_n france_n portugal_n and_o other_o place_n have_v somewhat_o suck_v we_o yet_o i_o consider_v that_o we_o have_v ever_o have_v such_o a_o vent_n even_o in_o the_o several_a day_n of_o our_o king_n as_o in_o the_o time_n of_o queen_n mary_n king_n edw._n vi_o king_n henry_n viii_o etc._n etc._n selu._n their_o occasion_n indeed_o be_v best_a know_v unto_o we_o because_o many_o man_n live_v be_v witness_n thereof_o but_o i_o will_v recite_v unto_o you_o cursory_o somewhat_o of_o the_o rest_n that_o you_o may_v the_o better_o be_v satisfy_v that_o it_o be_v no_o novelty_n in_o england_n and_o for_o to_o begin_v with_o henry_n ii_o what_o store_n of_o treasure_n think_v you_o be_v by_o he_o and_o his_o wasteful_a son_n whereof_o two_o namely_o henry_n and_o john_n be_v king_n as_o well_o as_o himself_o daily_o carry_v into_o france_n flanders_n saxony_n sicil_n castille_n the_o holy-land_n and_o other_o place_n sometime_o about_o their_o war_n and_o turbulent_a affair_n other_o some_o time_n for_o royal_a expense_n about_o meeting_n feast_v and_o entertain_v the_o french_a king_n the_o pope_n foreign_a prince_n and_o such_o other_o occasion_n the_o particular_a whereof_o be_v too_o long_o to_o recite_v but_o we_o may_v well_o think_v that_o england_n must_v needs_o sweat_v for_o it_o in_o those_o day_n to_o feed_v the_o riotous_a hand_n of_o three_o several_a king_n spend_v so_o much_o of_o their_o time_n on_o the_o other_o side_n the_o sea_n as_o they_o do_v the_o like_a be_v do_v by_o richard_n i._o about_o his_o ransom_n 126._o and_o business_n with_o the_o emperor_n and_o leopold_n duke_n of_o austria_n about_o his_o war_n in_o france_n and_o the_o holy-land_n where_o it_o be_v say_v that_o by_o estimation_n he_o spend_v more_o in_o one_o month_n than_o any_o of_o his_o predecessor_n ever_o do_v in_o a_o whole_a year_n by_o henry_n iii_o about_o the_o affect_a kingdom_n of_o sicil_n and_o his_o war_n in_o gascoigne_n and_o other_o part_n of_o france_n and_o in_o bounty_n to_o stranger_n he_o at_o one_o 620._o time_n send_v into_o france_n at_o the_o direction_n of_o the_o poictovins_n 30._o barrel_n of_o starling_n coin_n for_o payment_n of_o foreign_a soldier_n and_o at_o another_o time_n these_o his_o wasteful_a expense_n be_v cast_v up_o the_o sum_n amount_v to_o 950000._o mark_n which_o after_o the_o rate_n of_o our_o allay_n increase_v to_o by_o edw._n i._n about_o his_o action_n of_o give_v gascoigne_n france_n flanders_n and_o the_o conquest_n of_o scotland_n and_o the_o strike_n of_o a_o league_n with_o adolph_n the_o emperor_n guy_n earl_n of_o flanders_n john_n duke_n of_o brabant_n henry_n earl_n of_o bar_n albert_n duke_n of_o austria_n and_o other_o against_o the_o french_a king_n and_o earl_n jo._n of_o henault_n his_o partaker_n by_o edw._n iii_o about_o his_o victory_n and_o design_n in_o france_n and_o elsewhere_o which_o exhaust_v so_o much_o treasure_n as_o little_a or_o none_o almost_o remain_v in_o the_o land_n as_o before_o be_v show_v by_o henry_n iv._o about_o the_o stir_v of_o britain_n and_o in_o supportation_n of_o the_o confederate_a faction_n of_o orleans_n by_o henry_n v._o about_o his_o royal_a conquest_n of_o france_n by_o edw._n iu._n in_o aid_v the_o duke_n of_o burgundy_n and_o in_o revenge_a himself_o upon_o the_o king_n of_o france_n by_o henry_n vii_o about_o his_o war_n in_o france_n in_o annoy_v the_o fleming_n in_o assist_v the_o duke_n of_o savoy_n and_o maximilian_n king_n of_o the_o roman_n i_o need_v not_o speak_v of_o henry_n viii_o who_o foreign_a expense_n as_o they_o be_v exceed_o great_a so_o they_o be_v sufficient_o know_v to_o most_o man_n neither_o have_v i_o more_o than_o light_o run_v over_o the_o rest_n who_o beside_o these_o that_o i_o have_v speak_v of_o have_v many_o other_o foreign_a charge_n of_o great_a burden_n and_o much_o importance_n and_o yet_o not_o so_o much_o as_o once_o touch_v by_o i_o as_o marriage_n of_o their_o child_n with_o foreign_a prince_n treaty_n
surrey_n 23._o king_n edgar_n charter_n of_o donation_n of_o certain_a thaneland_n 19_o another_o charter_n grant_v by_o he_o to_o the_o monastery_n of_o hide_n near_o winchester_n 20._o by_o who_o advice_n his_o law_n be_v make_v 61._o king_n edward_n the_o elder_a how_o he_o propose_v his_o law_n 61._o the_o first_o that_o prohibit_v law_n business_n on_o festival_n 77._o king_n edward_n the_o confessor_n charter_n of_o donation_n to_o thola_n 20._o several_a privilege_n grant_v to_o the_o cinque-port_n 26._o his_o law_n by_o who_o collect_v 61._o his_o constitution_n touch_v festival_n 79._o edward_z earl_n of_o norfolk_z and_o marshal_z of_o england_n 168._o die_v in_o his_o minority_n ibid._n edwin_n son_n of_o othulf_n give_v certain_a land_n to_o archbishop_n odo_n 29._o elfere_fw-la a_o saxon_a bequeath_v snodland_n to_o the_o church_n of_o st._n andrews_n 128._o publish_a his_o will_n before_o odo_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n etc._n etc._n 130._o elfstane_n bishop_n of_o rochester_n 130._o elfsy_n priest_n of_o croyden_n 130._o ellingham_n 161._o elmham_n 150._o erpingham_n 151._o erpingham_n tho._n commissioner_n for_o execute_v the_o office_n of_o earl_n marshal_n of_o england_n 169._o escheat_n the_o signification_n of_o the_o word_n 37._o no_o feodal_a escheat_n among_o the_o saxon_n 37_o 38._o escuage_z what_o in_o the_o empire_n 36._o neither_o its_o name_n nor_o rule_n use_v by_o the_o saxon_n 37._o essoyn_v the_o manner_n of_o it_o not_o in_o use_n before_o the_o conquest_n 27._o king_n ethelbald_n charter_n to_o the_o monk_n of_o croyland_n 22._o ethelbert_n the_o first_o christian_a king_n of_o the_o saxon_n 8._o he_o cause_v his_o law_n to_o be_v put_v in_o writing_n ibid._n he_o take_v somewhat_o from_o the_o roman_a law_n 102_o etheldreda_n daughter_n of_o k._n alfred_n her_o dowry_n 8._o king_n etheldred_n ordain_v every_o eight_o hide_n of_o land_n to_o find_v a_o man_n for_o the_o naval_a expedition_n 17._o his_o charter_n of_o donation_n to_o aethelwold_n 19_o another_o charter_n grant_v by_o he_o to_o his_o thane_n sealwyne_n ibid._n king_n ethelstane_n who_o he_o consult_v in_o make_v his_o law_n 61._o king_n ethelwulf_v charter_n of_o privilege_n 23._o he_o divide_v his_o land_n by_o will_n among_o his_o three_o son_n 128._o euricus_fw-la king_n of_o the_o goth_n 102._o exauctoratio_fw-la militis_fw-la 185._o expeditio_fw-la what_o it_o signify_v in_o latin_n 17._o f_o fakenham_n 150._o fasti_fw-la or_o law_n day_n among_o the_o roman_n why_o so_o nam_fw-la d._n 72._o seldom_o two_o fasti_fw-la together_o 75._o fasti_fw-la proprie_fw-la ibid._n fasti_fw-la intercisi_fw-la ibid._n fasti_fw-la comitiales_n ibid._n all_o the_o fasti_fw-la not_o apply_v to_o judicature_n ibid._n fealty_n the_o definition_n of_o it_o 35._o no_o fealty_n but_o for_o a_o fee._n 36._o what_o manner_n of_o fealty_n among_o the_o saxon_n ibid._n felbrig_n 152._o felewell_n 161._o feodal_n word_n none_o among_o the_o saxon_n 7_o 8_o 9_o feorme_v what_o it_o signify_v in_o the_o saxon_a tongue_n 15_o ferdwite_n 37._o festa_fw-la majora_fw-la vel_fw-la principalia_fw-la 91._o festival_n how_o exempt_v from_o law_n day_n 76._o the_o difference_n of_o they_o 91._o the_o festival_n of_o st._n peter_n and_o paul_n 92._o of_o st._n george_n 93._o of_o gunpowder_n treason_n ibid._n a_o feud_n what_o it_o be_v 1._o it_o be_v general_a and_o particular_a definition_n 2._o feud_n among_o the_o jew_n ibid._n among_o the_o gaul_n 3_o their_o original_n 4._o make_a perpetual_a and_o hereditary_a 5._o when_o and_o how_o they_o become_v so_o ibid._n especial_o in_o england_n ibid._n the_o difference_n between_o they_o and_o benefice_n 6_o 9_o the_o great_a growth_n of_o they_o ibid._n no_o proper_a feud_n before_o the_o conquest_n ibid._n feudal-law_n general_o receive_v in_o every_o kingdom_n 5._o it_o be_v youth_n infancy_n and_o full_a age_n 9_o where_o it_o have_v its_o original_n ibid._n feudatarii_fw-la 9_o feudum_fw-la militare_fw-la &_o nobile_fw-la 4._o rusticum_n &_o ignobile_fw-la ibid._n feuda_n majora_fw-la &_o regalia_z ibid._n the_o word_n feudum_n or_o feodum_fw-la not_o use_v in_o k._n beorredus_n day_n 9_o fideles_fw-la who_o 4._o fidelity_n what_o 59_o fine_n for_o licence_n of_o alienation_n 33._o the_o thaneland_n free_a from_o they_o ibid._n not_o in_o use_n among_o the_o saxon_n 34._o fitz-alan_n jo._n lord_n maltravers_n marshal_n of_o england_n 168._o fitz-osborn_n will._n lord_n marshal_n to_o king_n william_n the_o conqueror_n 165._o flegg_n 154._o flitcham_n 145._o flitchamburrough_n 52_o 145._o folcland_n what_o 12._o not_o alienate_v without_o licence_n 33_o 34._o free_a from_o homage_n 35._o ford-park_n 110._o forest_n belong_v to_o the_o king_n alone_o 118._o subject_n can_v have_v they_o only_o in_o custody_n ibid._n fouldage_n 162._o franc-almoin_a 2_o 7._o frank-tenement_n 12._o freeborgs_n or_o tithing_n 51._o frekenham_n 153._o g_o garbulsham_n 158._o gavelkind_n what_o and_o why_o so_o call_v 12._o observe_v throughout_o all_o kent_n 43._o at_o first_o the_o general_a law_n of_o all_o nation_n ibid._n german_n their_o custom_n and_o tenor_n carry_v into_o several_a country_n 5._o they_o receive_v the_o roman_a law_n 127._o gey-wood_n 143._o gilbert_n the_o three_o son_n of_o william_n the_o king_n marshal_n 166._o make_a marshal_n of_o england_n ibid._n kill_v in_o a_o tournament_n ibid._n gimmingham_n 152._o goth_n carry_v the_o german_a law_n into_o spain_n greece_n etc._n etc._n 5._o they_o be_v the_o first_o that_o put_v their_o law_n in_o writing_n 102._o trust_v priest_n with_o the_o pass_n of_o will_n 130_o government_n the_o ancient_a government_n of_o england_n 49._o etc._n etc._n 53._o grand-day_n in_o france_n and_o england_n 92._o grand_fw-fr serjeanty_n 2._o grantesmale_a hugh_n marshal_v under_o k._n william_n i._n 165._o greek_n from_o who_o they_o have_v much_o of_o their_o ancient_a rite_n 74_o 127._o gresham_n 152._o gressenhall_n 150._o grey_n rad._n de_o exauctoratur_fw-la 185._o guthrun_n the_o dane_n 61_o 77._o h_o hales_n 156._o harkela_n andr._n de_o exauctoratur_fw-la 185._o harleston_n ibid._n hartlebury-park_n 110._o hawkins_n pet_n keeper_n of_o bramsil-park_n wound_v by_o archbishop_n abbot_n 109_o etc._n etc._n hengham_n 157._o king_n henry_n i._o imprison_v the_o bishop_n of_o durham_n 62._o his_o constitution_n about_o festival_n and_o law-day_n 81._o king_n henry_n ii_o ratify_v the_o law_n of_o edw._n the_o confess_v and_o will._n the_o conqueror_n 81._o henry_n bishop_n of_o winchester_n convene_v k._n stephen_n to_o his_o synod_n 132._o heribannum_fw-la what_o 17._o heriot_n pay_v after_o the_o death_n of_o great_a men._n 31_o 32_o to_o who_o forgive_v 32._o the_o difference_n between_o they_o and_o relief_n 32_o 33._o by_o who_o and_o when_o first_o ordain_v 32._o what_o the_o word_n heriot_n signify_v ibid._n heriot_n and_o relief_n issue_v out_o of_o the_o same_o land_n 33._o no_o badge_n of_o land_n hold_v by_o knight-service_n ibid._n heydon_n 151._o high_a court_n see_v court_n of_o justice_n hikifricus_n pugil_n quidam_fw-la norfolciensis_fw-la 138._o hilary-term_n its_o ancient_a bound_n 82_o 83._o the_o end_n of_o it_o sometime_o hold_v in_o septuagesima_fw-la 95._o hockwold_n 161._o holkham_n 149._o holland_n tho_n marshal_v of_o england_n 168._o holland_n tho._n earl_n of_o kent_z duke_n of_o norfolk_n 169._o make_a earl_n marshal_n of_o england_n ibid._n holland_n tho._n farle_z marshal_z of_o england_n during_o the_o minority_n of_o john_n mowbray_n 165._o holme_n in_o norfolk_n 147_o 152_o homage_n by_o who_o first_o institute_v 5._o feodal_n homage_n 34._o of_o two_o sort_n ibid._n when_o begin_v in_o france_n and_o england_n ibid._n the_o reason_n of_o it_o 34_o 35._o who_o be_v to_o do_v it_o 35._o usual_a in_o soccage-tenure_n 35._o as_o well_o a_o personal_a as_o a_o praedial_a duty_n ibid._n homines_fw-la commendati_fw-la 35._o hominium_fw-la &_o homagium_fw-la what_o 34._o homagium_fw-la ligeum_fw-la ibid._n feodale_n aut_fw-la praediale_fw-la ibid._n hoveden_n roger_n when_o he_o write_v 31._o howard_n sir_n john_n kt._n create_a duke_n of_o norfolk_n and_o earl_n marshal_n of_o england_n 17â—_n slay_a in_o bosworth-field_n ibid._n howard_n tho._n the_o son_n of_o the_o former_a earl_n of_o surrey_n 170._o imprison_v in_o the_o tower_n ibid._n defeat_v the_o scotch_a under_o k._n henry_n vii_o ibid._n make_a lord_n treasurer_n of_o england_n and_o restore_v to_o his_o father_n dignity_n ibid._n kill_v james_n iu._n k._n of_o scotland_n in_o battle_n ib._n send_v ambassador_n into_o france_n ibid._n make_a viceroy_n of_o england_n ibid._n where_o he_o die_v ibid._n howard_n tho._n the_o four_o duke_n of_o norfolk_n of_o that_o name_n and_o earl_n marshal_z of_o england_n 1â—1_n howard_n tho._n the_o grandson_n of_o the_o former_a earl_n of_o arundel_n and_o surrey_n ibid._n the_o first_o earl_n of_o england_n ibid._n make_a earl_n marshal_n for_o life_n ibid._n hugh_n bishop_n of_o coventry_n exercise_v the_o sheriff_n place_n 116._o excommunicate_v ibid._n de_fw-fr humâ—z_fw-fr
139._o tylney_n 138._o tylney-smeeth_a ibid._n five_o vacation_n what_o 72._o a_o particular_a vacation_n appoint_v by_o the_o longobard_n 84._o valvasini_n 58._o valvasor_n 16_o 17_o 58._o vassalagium_fw-la what_o 34._o vassalli_n 3_o 9_o venatio_n clamosa_fw-la quieta_fw-la aut_fw-la modesta_fw-la 109_o 114._o villanus_fw-la what_o it_o signify_v in_o latin_n 14._o w_n de_fw-fr waceio_n radulphus_fw-la princeps_fw-la militiae_fw-la normannorum_fw-la 165._o wallington_n 14â—_n walpole_n 138._o walsham_n 153._o walsingham_n 149._o walsoke_v 138._o walter_n archdeacon_n of_o oxenford_n 100_o walter_n bishop_n of_o durham_n buy_v northumberland_n 116._o sit_v himself_o in_o the_o county_n court_n ibid._n by_o who_o kill_v ibid._n walter_n marshal_n of_o england_n the_o four_o son_n of_o william_n the_o king_n marshal_n 166._o when_o he_o die_v ibid._n walton_n 138._o walworth_n sir_n will_n lord_n mayor_n of_o london_n 168._o wapentake_v 50._o watton_n 161._o waxham_n 153._o wardship_n no_o profit_n arise_v from_o it_o in_o the_o saxon_n time_n 25._o the_o original_n of_o its_o name_n ibid._n wardship_n in_o scotland_n 27._o warenna_n guil._n de_fw-la 19â—_n be_v or_o weregild_n what_o 15._o westacre_n 141._o west_n saxon-law_n 49._o wic_n what_o it_o signify_v in_o the_o saxon_a tongue_n 156._o wichingham_n 151._o wigenhall_n 138._o william_n the_o conqueror_n transfer_v his_o country_n custom_n into_o ireland_n 5._o make_v feud_n and_o tenor_n hereditary_a there_o ibid._n privilege_n grant_v by_o he_o to_o the_o cinque-port_n 26._o give_v certain_a land_n to_o baldwin_n abbot_n of_o st._n edmund_n sbury_a 45._o his_o law_n make_v by_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o bishop_n and_o baron_n 61._o his_o constitution_n concern_v festival_n and_o law_n day_n 8â—_n make_v a_o law_n that_o no_o man_n shall_v be_v put_v to_o death_n for_o any_o crime_n 82._o law_n of_o scotland_n reg._n maj._n 131_o law_n saxon_n in_o the_o king_n library_n ms._n 17._o lind._o cland._n despons_n 80._o littleton_n justice_n 6._o his_o tenor_n 35._o longobard-law_n 89_o 131._o loyseau_fw-fr de_fw-fr signior_n 13_o 92._o ludovici_n pii_fw-la exauctoratio_fw-la 185._o vita_fw-la 185._o lyndwood_n 109._o m_o major_a joh._n 27._o a_o ancient_a manuscript_n of_o saxon_a law_n in_o the_o king_n library_n 17._o marculphus_n 9_o 128_o 129._o matthew_n paris_z 11_o 62_o 71_o 116_o 118_o 12â—_n 138_o 151_o 152_o 166_o 167._o merula_n 5._o n_o neapolitan_n and_o sicilian_a constitution_n 10_o 80._o norman_a custom_n 30_o 80._o novella_n of_o constantine_n porphyrogenneta_n 36._o o_o osbertus_n 99_o oswald_z bishop_n of_o worcester_z 4_o p_o pancirollus_n 148_o 154_o pasquier_n 13._o paulus_n diaconus_fw-la 84._o pausanias_n 3._o philo_z judaeus_n 75._o placita_fw-la coronae_fw-la 60._o de_fw-fr platea_n joh._n 64._o plinius_n 138._o polydorus_n virgilius_n 62_o 71._o prosper_n 93._o r_o radevicus_n de_fw-fr gest_n frid._n i._n 82._o radulphus_fw-la niger_n 90_o 117._o ramsey-abbey_n ms_n 29_o 53_o 128_o 139_o 140_o 146._o rastal_n 86._o s_o selden_n 26._o sigonius_n 127._o skeneus_fw-la 28._o smith_n sir_n tho._n 6_o 75._o soto_n 109_o 112._o spelman_n glossary_a 1_o 3_o 12_o 15_o codex_fw-la legum_fw-la 96._o spelmans_fw-mi concilia_fw-la britannica_fw-la 8_o 17_o 18_o 23._o sprott_n a_o monk_n of_o canterbury_n 45._o statius_n 84._o stow._n 147_o 154_o 168_o 186_o 213._o suarez_n 109._o suecus_fw-la gravius_n 3._o synod_n of_o eanham_n 78._o t_o tabienus_n 90_o 91._o tacitus_n 3_o 4_o 15_o 35_o 51_o 59_o 74_o 127_o 149._o v_o vegetius_n 147._o vincent_n 168_o 169._o virgilius_n 93._o w_n walsingham_n hypodigma_fw-la neustriae_fw-la 82_o 92_o 151_o 167._o waraeus_n 140._o k._n william_n i_n law_n 82_o 84._o william_n of_o malmsbury_n 119_o 145._o y_z york_z herald_z 168_o 169._o finis_fw-la finis_fw-la pag._n 188._o 188._o pag._n 208._o 208._o pag._n 212._o durham-house_n birth_n birth_n praef._n ad_fw-la gloss_n edit_fw-la 1687_o by_o j._n a._n education_n education_n praef._n ad_fw-la gloss_n gloss_n letter_n against_o impropriation_n print_v among_o the_o treatise_n publish_v by_o jer._n stephens_n 1647._o 4tâ—_n send_v to_o lincoln_n inn._n marriage_n marriage_n 2_o jac._n 1_o employment_n employment_n hacket_n life_n of_o bishop_n williams_n part_v 2._o pag_n 93._o knight_v come_v to_o live_v in_o london_n london_n pref._n to_o the_o gloss_n study_v of_o our_o ancient_a historian_n historian_n law-term_n chap._n 8_o in_o ms._n oxon_n glossary_a glossary_a praef._n ad_fw-la gloss_n gloss_n brady_n answ_n to_o mr._n petit_n pag._n 229._o the_o second_o part_n of_o the_o glossary_a glossary_a mr._n petit_n jani_fw-la anglorum_fw-la facies_fw-la nova_fw-la p._n 219._o &_o 265._o and_o the_o answer_n to_o it_o by_o dr._n brady_n pag._n 229._o 229._o brady_n pag._n 229._o council_n council_n praef._n ad_fw-la council_n vol._n i._n 〈…〉_z council_n council_n 〈…〉_z council_n the_o second_o volume_n of_o the_o council_n council_n life_n of_o mr._n somner_n somner_n mr._n nicolsons_n english_a library_n part_v 2._o pag._n 43._o 43._o 〈…〉_z asâ—mol_n oxon_n 〈…〉_z 〈…〉_z pag_n â—24_n large_a work_n of_o tithe_n the_o history_n and_o fate_n of_o sacrilege_n ms_n ms_n ath._n oxon_n p._n 230._o part_n 2._o codex_fw-la legum_n veterum_fw-la ms._n de_fw-fr sepultura_fw-la aspilogia_n book_n of_o abbreviation_n 〈…〉_z 〈…〉_z pref._n to_o that_o book_n 〈…〉_z 〈…〉_z 〈…〉_z dedicat._n ad_fw-la tho._n adamsium_fw-la ante_fw-la bedam_fw-la acquaintance_n child_n child_n praef._n ad_fw-la council_n t._n 1._o 2_o camd._n ep._n 226._o 〈◊〉_d spelman_n clement_n spelman_n spelman_n wood_n at_o h_o oxon._n p._n 511._o part_n 2._o 〈…〉_z 〈…〉_z definition_n of_o a_o 〈◊〉_d thâ—_n 〈…〉_z 〈…〉_z cujac_n in_o praefat_fw-la ad_fw-la lib._n 1._o feud_n p._n 10._o &_o seq_n seq_n cujac_n ad_fw-la lib._n 3._o feud_n do_fw-mi 1._o p._n 178._o instance_n of_o feud_n among_o the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 1_o chron._n â—hap_n 23_o &_o 2d_o 2d_o ibid._n cap._n 23._o 23._o cap._n 27._o 27._o num._n 21._o 14._o 1_o king_n 13._o 17._o 17._o lib._n de_fw-fr phocid_n p._n 118._o among_o the_o gaul_n gaul_n bell._n gall._n lib._n 6._o p._n 118._o ambactâ—_n ambactâ—_n bell._n gall._n p._n 184._o 184._o ibid._n p._n 124._o 124._o genes_n 14._o 14._o 14._o germ._n mor._n p._n 129._o 129._o cujac_n ad_fw-la constit_fw-la lotharii_fw-la feud_n lib._n 5._o p._n 284._o 284._o bell._n gall._n lib._n 6._o p._n 120._o 120._o germ._n mor._n mor._n bell._n gall._n p._n 121._o 121._o in_o epist_n ad_fw-la bon._n vulcan_n vid._n bellagines_n in_o glossario_fw-la nostro_fw-la nostro_fw-la cujac_n in_o prâ—â—_n aâ—_n lib._n p._n 1._o 1._o cujac_n ad_fw-la liâ—_n 1._o feud_n p._n 21._o 21._o with_fw-mi infra_fw-la chap._n â—6_n tenuâ—eâ—â—â—r_fw-mi liâ—e_z how_o feud_n become_v hereditary_a feud_n hereditary_a in_o england_n england_n comment_fw-fr in_o consuet_n fâ—â—d_n cap._n 1._o 1._o rex_fw-la mediolan_n lib._n 3._o 3._o gunt_fw-la p._n 409._o 409._o aâ—_n lib._n 1._o feud_n tit._n 1._o p._n 21._o the_o great_a growth_n of_o 〈◊〉_d â—s_n to_o title_n title_n cujac_n feud_n lib._n 3._o p._n 180._o 180._o ibid._n ibid._n lib._n 1._o p._n 7._o 7._o feud_n lib._n 1._o p._n 5._o 5._o 〈◊〉_d 3._o â—_o 5._o 〈◊〉_d 437._o no_o proper_a feud_n before_o the_o conquest_n what_o tenor_n be_v in_o use_n among_o the_o saxon_n tenor_n when_o first_o use_v translation_n of_o saxon_a charter_n no_o feodal_n word_n among_o the_o saxon_n the_o charter_n of_o beorredus_n examine_v examine_v hist_o lib._n 2._o c._n 5._o saxon_a charter_n in_o the_o saxon_a tonguâ—_n tonguâ—_n council_n brit._n p._n 378._o 378._o in_o praesatione_fw-la illius_fw-la libri_fw-la feudum_n not_o in_o use_n in_o beorredus_n day_n day_n chap._n 20._o &_o 21._o 21._o ad_fw-la marculâ—_n p._n 470._o 470._o p._n 550._o 550._o prooem_n ad_fw-la lib._n feud_n p._n 7._o feuda_n and_o beneficia_fw-la beneficia_fw-la lib._n 1._o tit._n 65._o etc._n etc._n etc._n lib._n 3._o tit._n 21._o etc._n etc._n etc._n norm_a reform_v p._n 4._o 4._o in_o gul._n rege_fw-la no_o tenor_n in_o capite_fw-la among_o the_o saxon_n tenure_n in_o capite_fw-la of_o two_o sort_n sort_n lib._n ramsey_n f._n 42._o d._n §._o 279._o 279._o pap._n 157._o distinction_n of_o person_n among_o the_o saxon_n land_n among_o the_o saxon_n bocland_n bocland_n vid._n gloss_n in_o verb._n foresta_n folcland_n inland_a inland_a ing._n sax._n p._n 864._o outland_n outland_n praef._n ad_fw-la libr._n fend_v p._n 12._o 12._o itinerar_fw-it cant._n p._n 495._o earl_n no_o title_n of_o dignity_n ancient_o ancient_o asser_n de_fw-fr gest_n alfredi_n p._n 21._o 21._o ibid._n no_o earldom_n hereditary_a earldom_n in_o france_n france_n loyseau_fw-fr â—e_n seignier_n c._n 5._o p._n 106._o lin_v â—lt_n ceorl_n ceorl_n cap._n 70._o ceorl_n ceorl_n p._n 116._o 116._o de_fw-fr mor._n germ._n p._n 132._o 132._o cap._n 65._o 65._o fol._n 55._o c._n c._n cap._n de_fw-fr weregild_n weregild_n ll._n aethelst_n ibid._n earl_n capable_a of_o knight's-fee_n thane_n what_o thâ—_n quality_n of_o thanes_z thanes_z hist_o seâ—â—_n lib._n 6._o 6._o itâ—n_n cant._n p._n 502._o 502._o cap._n de_fw-fr dignitate_fw-la hominum_fw-la f._n 163._o