to_o the_o grant_n whether_o it_o be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o grant_n and_o the_o modus_fw-la concessionis_fw-la or_o whether_o it_o be_v a_o distinct_a thing_n and_o aliud_fw-la from_o the_o grant_n for_o so_o the_o print_a case_n represent_v their_o opinion_n if_o the_o reservation_n of_o the_o tenure_n and_o the_o grant_v of_o the_o land_n be_v aliud_fw-la &_o aliud_fw-la two_o distinct_a thing_n in_o the_o consideration_n of_o the_o whole_a grant_v make_v and_o the_o authority_n give_v by_o the_o say_a commission_n for_o the_o make_v thereof_o then_o the_o patent_n may_v be_v void_a as_o to_o the_o tenure_n and_o yet_o good_a for_o the_o grant_v of_o the_o land_n but_o if_o the_o reservation_n of_o the_o tenure_n be_v incident_a unto_o the_o authority_n and_o include_v within_o it_o and_o the_o reservation_n of_o the_o tenure_n and_o the_o grant_v of_o the_o land_n make_v up_o but_o one_o entire_a grant_n so_o that_o the_o one_o be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o other_o and_o the_o reservation_n of_o the_o tenure_n be_v modus_fw-la concessionis_fw-la then_o the_o grant_n of_o the_o land_n reserve_v a_o diverse_a or_o contrary_a tenure_n to_o that_o which_o their_o nude_v authority_n do_v warrant_v they_o to_o reserve_v be_v a_o do_v of_o idem_fw-la alio_fw-la modo_fw-la and_o so_o the_o whole_a act_n be_v void_a they_o who_o plead_v for_o the_o validity_n of_o the_o letter_n patent_n as_o to_o the_o land_n and_o their_o be_v void_a only_o as_o to_o the_o tenure_n urge_v among_o other_o argument_n that_o tenor_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v bring_v into_o england_n by_o the_o conquest_n but_o grant_n be_v by_o the_o common-law_n and_o therefore_o grant_v be_v more_o ancient_a than_o tenor_n the_o tenure_n must_v of_o necessity_n be_v aliud_fw-la from_o the_o thing_n grant_v and_o to_o prove_v that_o this_o tenure_n come_v in_o with_o the_o conqueror_n they_o cite_v mr._n selden_n in_o his_o spicileg_n ad_fw-la eadmerum_fw-la p._n 194._o where_o he_o have_v that_o out_o of_o bracton_n de_fw-fr acquir_n rerum_fw-la dominio_fw-la b._n 2._o forinsecum_fw-la servitium_fw-la dicitur_fw-la regale_n servitium_fw-la quia_fw-la spectat_fw-la ad_fw-la dominum_fw-la regem_fw-la &_o non_fw-la ad_fw-la alium_fw-la &_o secundum_fw-la quod_fw-la in_o conquestu_fw-la fuit_fw-la adinventum_fw-la but_o this_o argument_n and_o the_o authority_n be_v both_o over-ruld_a and_o it_o be_v affirm_v that_o tenor_n be_v not_o bring_v into_o england_n by_o the_o conqueror_n but_o be_v common_a among_o the_o saxon_n their_o answer_n to_o mr._n selden_n opinion_n with_o the_o reason_n upon_o which_o they_o ground_v their_o position_n i_o will_v transcribe_v at_o large_a from_o the_o print_a case_n the_o book_n be_v very_o scarce_o and_o this_o the_o only_a point_n wherein_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n be_v concern_v it_o be_v answer_v that_o mr._n selden_n in_o that_o place_n do_v bare_o recite_v the_o word_n of_o bracton_n not_o deliver_v any_o opinion_n of_o his_o own_o for_o in_o that_o book_n cite_v pag._n 170._o and_o in_o his_o title_n of_o honour_n the_o last_o edition_n p._n 612._o we_o find_v that_o he_o be_v of_o another_o opinion_n and_o that_o this_o tenure_n be_v in_o use_n in_o england_n in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o saxon_n what_o be_v those_o thani_fw-la majores_fw-la or_o thani_fw-la regis_fw-la among_o the_o saxon_n but_o the_o king_n immediate_a tenant_n of_o land_n which_o they_o hold_v by_o personal_a service_n as_o of_o the_o king_n person_n by_o grand_a serjeanty_n or_o knights-service_n in_o capite_fw-la the_o land_n so_o hold_v be_v in_o those_o time_n call_v thainland_n as_o land_v hold_v in_o socage_n be_v call_v reveland_n so_o frequent_o in_o doomsday_n haec_fw-la terra_fw-la fuit_fw-la terra_fw-la regis_fw-la edwardi_fw-la thainland_n sed_fw-la postea_fw-la conversa_fw-la est_fw-la in_o reveland_n coke_n instit_n sect._n 117._o after_o some_o year_n that_o follow_v the_o come_n of_o the_o norman_n the_o title_n of_o thane_n grow_v out_o of_o use_n and_o that_o of_o baron_n and_o barony_n succeed_v for_o thane_n and_o thainland_n whereby_o we_o may_v understand_v the_o true_a and_o original_a reason_n of_o that_o which_o we_o have_v in_o the_o lord_n cromwel_n case_n 2._o coke_n 81._o that_o every_o barony_n of_o ancient_a time_n be_v hold_v by_o grand_a serjeanty_n by_o that_o tenure_n be_v the_o thain-land_n hold_v in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o saxon_n and_o those_o thain-land_n be_v the_o same_o that_o be_v after_o call_v barony_n it_o be_v true_a the_o possession_n of_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n be_v first_o make_v subject_n to_o knights-service_n in_o capite_fw-la by_o william_n the_o conqueror_n in_o the_o four_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n for_o their_o land_n be_v hold_v in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o saxon_n in_o pura_fw-la &_o perpetua_fw-la eleemosyna_fw-la free_a ab_fw-la omni_fw-la servitio_fw-la saeculari_fw-la but_o he_o than_o turn_v their_o possession_n into_o barony_n and_o so_o make_v they_o baron_n of_o the_o kingdom_n by_o tenure_n so_o that_o as_o to_o they_o this_o tenure_n and_o service_n may_v be_v say_v to_o be_v in_o conquestu_fw-la adinventum_fw-la but_o the_o thain-land_n be_v hold_v by_o that_o tenure_n before_o as_o the_o king_n thane_n be_v a_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la so_o the_o thanus_n mediocris_fw-la or_o middle_a thane_n be_v only_o a_o tenant_n by_o knights-service_n that_o either_o hold_v of_o a_o mean_a lord_n and_o not_o immediate_o of_o the_o king_n or_o at_o the_o least_o of_o the_o king_n as_o of_o a_o honour_n or_o manor_n and_o not_o in_o capite_fw-la what_o be_v that_o trinoda_fw-it necessitas_fw-la which_o so_o often_o occur_v in_o the_o grant_n of_o the_o saxon_a king_n under_o this_o form_n exceptisistis_fw-la tribus_fw-la expeditione_n arcis_fw-la &_o pontis_fw-la exstructione_fw-la see_v it_o in_o a_o charter_n of_o king_n etbeldred_n in_o the_o preface_n to_o coke_n 6._o report_n etc._n etc._n but_o that_o which_o be_v after_o express_v by_o salvo_n forinseco_fw-la bracton_n lib._n 2._o cap._n 26._o &_o 35._o 12._o edw._n 1._o guard_n 152._o 26._o ass_n 66._o selden_n analect_n anglobrit_fw-mi 78._o and_o therefore_o it_o be_v say_v that_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n be_v mistake_v who_o in_o his_o glossary_a verbo_fw-la feudum_fw-la refer_v the_o original_n of_o feud_n in_o england_n to_o the_o norman_a conquest_n it_o be_v most_o manifest_a that_o capite_fw-la tenor_n tenor_n by_o knights-service_n tenor_n in_o socage_n frank-almoigne_a etc._n etc._n be_v frequent_a in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o saxon_n and_o if_o we_o will_v believe_v what_o be_v cite_v out_o of_o a_o old_a french_a customary_a in_o a_o ms._n treatise_n of_o the_o antiquity_n of_o tenor_n in_o england_n which_o be_v in_o many_o man_n hand_n all_o those_o tenor_n be_v in_o use_n long_o before_o the_o saxon_n even_o in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o britain_n there_o it_o be_v say_v the_o first_o british_a king_n divide_v britain_n into_o four_o part_n and_o give_v one_o part_n to_o the_o arch-flamen_n to_o pray_v for_o he_o and_o his_o posterity_n a_o second_o part_n he_o give_v to_o his_o earl_n and_o nobility_n to_o do_v he_o knights-service_n a_o three_o he_o divide_v among_o husbandman_n to_o hold_v of_o he_o in_o socage_n the_o four_o part_n he_o give_v to_o mechanical_a person_n to_o hold_v in_o burgage_n but_o that_o testimony_n be_v wave_v there_o be_v little_a certainty_n or_o truth_n in_o the_o british_a story_n before_o the_o time_n of_o caesar_n neither_o will_v they_o make_v use_n of_o that_o which_o we_o be_v teach_v by_o william_n roville_n of_o alenzon_n in_o his_o preface_n to_o the_o grand_a customier_n of_o normandy_n that_o all_o those_o custom_n among_o which_o these_o tenor_n be_v be_v first_o bring_v into_o normandy_n out_o of_o england_n by_o edward_n the_o confessor_n beside_o that_o which_o have_v be_v say_v we_o find_v feud_n both_o the_o name_n and_o thing_n in_o the_o law_n of_o those_o time_n among_o the_o law_n of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n cap._n 35._o where_o it_o be_v thus_o provide_v debent_fw-la enim_fw-la universi_fw-la liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la &_o secundum_fw-la feodum_fw-la suum_fw-la &_o secundum_fw-la tenementa_fw-la sua_fw-la arma_fw-la habere_fw-la &_o illa_fw-la semper_fw-la prompta_fw-la conservare_fw-la ad_fw-la tuitionem_fw-la regni_fw-la &_o servitium_fw-la dominorum_fw-la suorum_fw-la etc._n etc._n lambard_n archaionom_fw-la 135._o this_o law_n be_v after_o confirm_v by_o william_n the_o conqueror_n vid._n coke_n instit_n sect._n 103._o as_o these_o tenor_n be_v common_a in_o those_o time_n so_o be_v all_o the_o fruit_n of_o they_o homage_n fealty_n escuage_z relief_n wardship_n for_o releif_n we_o have_v full_a testimony_n in_o the_o relief_n of_o their_o earl_n and_o thanes_z for_o which_o see_v the_o law_n of_o king_n canutus_n cap._n 66_o &_o 69._o the_o law_n of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n cap._n de_fw-fr heterochiis_fw-la and_o what_o out_o of_o the_o book_n of_o doomsday_n coke_n have_v in_o his_o instit_n sect._n
land_n and_o portion_n of_o the_o levite_n be_v give_v to_o do_v the_o service_n of_o the_o tabernacle_n 17._o the_o land_n of_o the_o other_o tribe_n to_o fight_v the_o battle_n of_o the_o lord_n against_o his_o idolatrous_a enemy_n and_o to_o root_v they_o out_o thus_o may_v fancy_n couple_v the_o remote_a thing_n to_o come_v low_o down_o and_o near_a home_n 118._o pausanias_n tell_v we_o we_o that_o when_o brennus_n who_o they_o say_v be_v a_o britain_n invade_v greece_n with_o a_o army_n of_o gaul_n every_o horseman_n of_o the_o better_a sort_n have_v two_o other_o gaul_n horseman_n to_o attend_v and_o second_v he_o as_o his_o vassal_n and_o they_o three_o together_o be_v call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d trimarcesiam_n i._n e._n a_o society_n of_o three_o horseman_n 118._o but_o caesar_n say_v that_o the_o noble_a gaul_n in_o his_o time_n have_v according_a to_o their_o ability_n many_o horseman_n attend_v they_o in_o war_n who_o by_o a_o german_a word_n he_o call_v ambactos_fw-la which_o proper_o signify_v servant_n vassal_n workman_n ambactâ—_n and_o labourer_n yet_o he_o by_o a_o fair_a name_n expound_v it_o there_o 184._o in_o latin_a clientes_fw-la and_o in_o another_o place_n 124._o call_v they_o among_o the_o german_n comites_fw-la &_o familiares_fw-la as_o account_v they_o like_o abraham_n 14._o 318._o soldier_n to_o be_v all_o their_o lord_n follower_n and_o of_o his_o family_n tacitus_n 129._o likewise_o name_v they_o comites_fw-la as_o companion_n and_o follower_n quod_fw-la bello_fw-la sequi_fw-la dominum_fw-la coguntur_fw-la say_v 284._o cujacius_n but_o tacitus_n further_o say_v gradus_fw-la quinetiam_fw-la ipse_fw-la comitatus_fw-la habet_fw-la judicio_fw-la ejus_fw-la quem_fw-la sectantur_fw-la that_o there_o be_v degree_n in_o those_o company_n as_o he_o who_o they_o follow_v do_v appoint_v like_o they_o perhaps_o in_o after-age_n of_o earl_n baron_n knight_n etc._n etc._n but_o how_o the_o comites_fw-la or_o ambacti_fw-la be_v maintain_v neither_o caesar_n nor_o yet_o tacitus_n have_v relate_v as_o for_o such_o portion_n of_o land_n as_o we_o call_v knights-fee_n they_o can_v not_o then_o have_v any_o for_o caesar_n 120._o speak_v of_o the_o german_n say_v and_o so_o it_o appear_v by_o tacitus_n mor._n neque_fw-la cuique_fw-la agri_fw-la modum_fw-la certum_fw-la aut_fw-la fine_n proprios_fw-la habet_fw-la etc._n etc._n that_o no_o man_n have_v any_o certain_a estate_n or_o peculiar_a bound_n of_o land_n but_o the_o magistrate_n and_o lord_n of_o the_o place_n assign_v from_o year_n to_o year_n to_o kindred_n and_o such_o as_o live_v together_o what_o quantity_n of_o land_n and_o in_o what_o place_n they_o think_v good_a and_o the_o next_o year_n force_v they_o to_o remove_v the_o reason_n you_o may_v see_v in_o caesar_n who_o 121._o also_o show_v that_o they_o have_v no_o common_a magistrate_n but_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o town_n or_o territory_n set_v what_o law_n he_o will_v among_o his_o follower_n or_o ambactos_fw-la these_o law_n the_o goth_n the_o swede_n the_o dane_n and_o saxon_n call_v bilagines_n of_o by_o which_o in_o all_o these_o language_n signify_v a_o town_n and_o lagh_o or_o laghen_fw-mi which_o signify_v law_n as_o gravius_n nostro_fw-la suecus_n and_o our_o saxon_a author_n testify_v and_o though_o jornandes_n a_o spanish_a goth_n write_v it_o after_o the_o spanish_a corruption_n bellagineâ—_n yet_o we_o in_o england_n keep_v the_o very_a radix_fw-la and_o word_n itself_o by-law_n even_a unto_o this_o day_n though_o divert_v somewhat_o from_o the_o sense_n that_o caesar_n speak_v of_o for_o we_o call_v they_o town-law_n or_o by-law_n which_o the_o townsman_n make_v among_o themselves_o but_o caesar_n show_v that_o the_o lord_n impose_v they_o herewith_o agree_v that_o of_o tacitus_n or_o some_o other_o ancient_n who_o speak_v of_o the_o german_n say_v agricolis_fw-la suis_fw-la jus_o dicunt_fw-la they_o give_v law_n to_o they_o which_o dwell_v upon_o their_o land_n for_o i_o take_v agricolis_fw-la here_o in_o the_o large_a sense_n to_o extend_v to_o all_o that_o dwell_v upon_o the_o lord_n land_n as_o well_o his_o military_a follower_n as_o his_o husbandman_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o solicolae_fw-la contain_v all_o that_o live_v upon_o the_o soil_n ruricolae_fw-la all_o that_o live_v in_o the_o country_n and_o coelicolae_fw-la all_o that_o live_v in_o heaven_n these_o lordship_n of_o town_n which_o caesar_n speak_v of_o be_v after_o by_o the_o norman_n call_v maneria_fw-la the_o ambacti_fw-la or_o comites_fw-la and_o these_o which_o he_o say_v sectabantur_fw-la dominos_fw-la suos_fw-la be_v call_v vassalli_n and_o sectatores_fw-la manerii_fw-la sive_fw-la curiae_fw-la domini_fw-la vassal_n and_o suitor_n of_o court_n the_o bilagines_n or_o town-law_n be_v call_v consuetudines_fw-la and_o custom_n of_o the_o manor_n the_o jurisdiction_n which_o the_o lord_n have_v over_o his_o follower_n and_o suitor_n be_v call_v the_o court_n baron_fw-fr and_o the_o portion_n of_o land_n etc._n etc._n assign_v to_o his_o follower_n for_o their_o stipend_n or_o maintenance_n be_v at_o first_o call_v munera_fw-la after_o beneficia_fw-la and_o last_o feuda_n or_o tenant-land_n which_o be_v of_o two_o sort_n one_o for_o military_a man_n call_v feudum_fw-la militare_fw-la and_o feudum_fw-la nobile_fw-la tenure_n by_o knights-service_n the_o other_o for_o husbandman_n call_v therefore_o feudum_fw-la rusticum_fw-la &_o ignobile_fw-la tenure_n in_o socage_n or_o by_o the_o plough_n thus_o it_o appear_v that_o feud_n and_o tenor_n and_o the_o feudal_n law_n itself_o take_v their_o original_n from_o the_o german_n and_o northern_a nation_n in_o such_o condition_n therefore_o how_o obscure_a soever_o as_o caesar_n and_o tacitus_n leave_v they_o to_o we_o 1._o gerardus_n niger_n the_o consul_n of_o milan_n who_o flourish_v about_o a._n d._n 1176._o and_o first_o compose_v they_o into_o a_o book_n take_v they_o up_o as_o he_o there_o find_v they_o and_o speak_v of_o the_o time_n of_o caesar_n and_o tacitus_n as_o have_v the_o forementioned_a passage_n under_o his_o eye_n say_v antiquissimo_fw-la tempore_fw-la sic_fw-la erat_fw-la in_o dominorum_fw-la potestate_fw-la connexum_fw-la ut_fw-la quando_fw-la vellent_fw-la possent_fw-la auferre_fw-la rem_fw-la in_o feudum_fw-la à _fw-la se_fw-la datam_fw-la and_o this_o agree_v with_o caesar_n by_o who_o it_o seem_v in_o the_o place_n before_o mention_v that_o the_o ambacti_fw-la or_o follower_n of_o the_o german_n have_v in_o those_o time_n either_o no_o land_n at_o all_o or_o no_o estate_n at_o all_o in_o their_o land_n or_o first_o but_o at_o the_o will_n of_o the_o lord_n and_o then_o but_o for_o one_o single_a year_n which_o gerardus_n also_o confess_v to_o have_v be_v the_o condition_n of_o the_o elder_a sort_n of_o feudatary_n for_o he_o say_v present_o after_o his_o former_a word_n postea_fw-la vero_fw-la eo_fw-la ventum_fw-la est_fw-la ut_fw-la per_fw-la annum_fw-la tantum_fw-la stabilitatem_fw-la haberent_fw-la res_fw-la in_fw-la feudum_fw-la datae_fw-la thus_o for_o another_o while_n their_o feudal_n vassal_n who_o here_o he_o call_v fideles_fw-la and_o we_o now_o tenant_n by_o knights-service_n enjoy_v their_o feud_n no_o otherwise_o than_o from_o year_n to_o year_n at_o the_o pleasure_n of_o their_o lord_n either_o by_o grant_n or_o sufferance_n 21._o till_o further_a grace_n confirm_v they_o to_o they_o for_o divers_a year_n and_o at_o length_n for_o term_n of_o life_n which_o gerardus_n also_o present_o there_o declare_v say_v deinde_fw-la statutum_fw-la est_fw-la ut_fw-la usque_fw-la ad_fw-la vitam_fw-la fidelis_fw-la producerentur_fw-la feuda_fw-la in_o this_o manner_n stand_v the_o principal_a feud_n themselves_o even_o those_o of_o earldom_n and_o dukedom_n which_o they_o call_v feuda_fw-la majora_fw-la and_o feuda_fw-la regalia_z in_o the_o latter_a time_n of_o the_o saxon_n till_o the_o come_n of_o the_o conqueror_n but_o as_o touch_v the_o lesser_a feud_n which_o we_o call_v knights-fee_n i_o find_v nothing_o in_o abby-book_n otherwise_o than_o a_o numerous_a multitude_n of_o lease_n and_o grant_n make_v by_o bishop_n and_o abbat_n to_o their_o follower_n for_o term_n of_o life_n without_o mention_n of_o tenure_n or_o feudal_n service_n yet_o i_o must_v confess_v that_o there_o be_v a_o notable_a precedent_n â—6_n leave_v we_o by_o oswald_z bishop_n of_o worcester_z in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edgar_n who_o in_o grant_v out_o the_o land_n of_o his_o bishopric_n unto_o his_o follower_n for_o life_n or_o three_o life_n impose_v upon_o they_o by_o a_o solemn_a instrument_n ratify_v by_o the_o king_n himself_o a_o multitude_n of_o service_n and_o charge_n as_o well_o military_a as_o civil_a which_o after_o you_o shall_v here_o see_v and_o then_o consider_v how_o and_o whither_o they_o conduce_v to_o our_o feud_n or_o not_o liâ—e_z if_o we_o understand_v they_o to_o be_v feud_n among_o the_o saxon_n or_o of_o that_o nature_n then_o be_v we_o sure_a they_o be_v no_o more_o than_o for_o life_n and_o not_o inheritable_a nor_o stretch_v further_o without_o further_a grace_n obtain_v from_o the_o lord_n
reliquiae_fw-la spelmannianae_fw-la the_o posthumous_n work_v of_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n kt._n relate_v to_o the_o law_n and_o antiquity_n of_o england_n publish_a from_o the_o original_a manuscript_n with_o the_o life_n of_o the_o author_n sine_fw-la dubio_fw-la domus_fw-la jurisconsulti_fw-la est_fw-la totius_fw-la oraculum_fw-la civitatis_fw-la cicero_n oxford_z print_v at_o the_o theater_n for_o awnsham_n and_o john_n churchill_n at_o the_o black-swan_n in_o pater-noster-row_n london_n 1698._o imprimatur_fw-la joh_n meare_n vicecan_a oxon_n jan._n 17._o 1698._o to_o the_o most_o reverend_a father_n in_o god_n thomas_n lord_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_z primate_n of_o all_o england_n and_o metropolitan_a and_o one_o of_o his_o majesty_n most_o honourable_a privy_a council_n my_o lord_n i_o beg_v leave_v to_o lay_v before_o your_o grace_n these_o posthumous_n discourse_n of_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n promise_v they_o a_o favourable_a reception_n both_o for_o their_o own_o worth_n and_o for_o the_o sake_n of_o their_o author_n he_o be_v a_o person_n endow_v with_o those_o excellent_a quality_n which_o never_o fail_v to_o recommend_v other_o to_o your_o grace_n good_a opinion_n and_o esteem_n a_o gentleman_n of_o great_a learning_n and_o a_o hearty_a promoter_n and_o encourager_n of_o it_o in_o his_o temper_n calm_a and_o sedate_v and_o in_o his_o write_n grave_a and_o inoffensive_a a_o true_a lover_n of_o the_o establish_v church_n and_o a_o zealous_a maintainer_n of_o her_o right_n and_o privilege_n in_o which_o respect_n the_o clergy_n of_o this_o nation_n be_v more_o particular_o engage_v to_o he_o because_o be_v a_o layman_n and_o so_o not_o liable_a to_o the_o suspicion_n of_o prejudice_n or_o interest_n his_o reason_n carry_v in_o they_o a_o great_a weight_n and_o authority_n than_o if_o they_o have_v come_v from_o one_o of_o their_o own_o order_n i_o may_v add_v as_o some_o sort_n of_o excuse_n for_o this_o trouble_v that_o he_o have_v the_o honour_n to_o be_v particular_o respect_v by_o two_o of_o your_o grace_n predecessor_n and_o some_o of_o his_o posthumous_n work_v by_o a_o three_o archbishop_n abbot_n and_o his_o immediate_a successor_n be_v the_o chief_a encourager_n of_o the_o first_o volume_n of_o his_o council_n and_o after_o his_o death_n the_o second_o part_n of_o his_o glossary_n be_v publish_v by_o the_o procurement_n of_o archbishop_n sheldon_n so_o that_o these_o paper_n have_v a_o kind_n of_o hereditary_a right_n to_o your_o grace_n protection_n all_o the_o share_n that_o i_o have_v in_o this_o work_n be_v the_o handing_z it_o into_o the_o world_n and_o to_o make_v the_o first_o present_n to_o your_o grace_n will_v be_v no_o more_o than_o a_o decent_a regard_n to_o the_o eminence_n of_o your_o station_n though_o i_o have_v no_o particular_a obligation_n to_o do_v it_o but_o in_o my_o circumstance_n i_o shall_v think_v myself_o very_o ungrateful_a if_o enjoy_v so_o much_o happiness_n under_o your_o grace_n patronage_n i_o shall_v omit_v any_o opportunity_n of_o express_v my_o thankfulness_n for_o it_o especial_o since_o such_o small_a acknowledgement_n as_o this_o be_v the_o only_o return_v that_o i_o can_v ever_o hope_v to_o make_v for_o the_o encouragement_n which_o you_o daily_o afford_v to_o your_o grace_n most_o oblige_v and_o most_o dutiful_a servant_n edmund_z gibson_n the_o preface_n i_o shall_v not_o make_v any_o apology_n for_o the_o publication_n of_o these_o treatise_n they_o seem_v to_o i_o to_o be_v very_o useful_a towards_o a_o right_a understanding_n of_o the_o law_n and_o antiquity_n of_o england_n and_o i_o hope_v they_o will_v appear_v so_o to_o other_o too_o nor_o need_v i_o endeavour_v to_o recommend_v they_o to_o the_o world_n any_o otherwise_o than_o by_o show_v they_o to_o be_v the_o genuine_a labour_n of_o sir_n h._n spelman_n who_o learning_n accuracy_n and_o integrity_n be_v sufficient_o know_v the_o first_o of_o they_o concern_v feud_n and_o tenor_n in_o england_n be_v write_v in_o the_o year_n 1639._o and_o be_v print_v from_o a_o fair_a copy_n in_o the_o bodleian_n library_n correct_v with_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n own_o hand_n the_o occasion_n of_o write_v it_o be_v the_o great_a case_n of_o defective_a title_n in_o ireland_n as_o may_v be_v gather_v in_o some_o measure_n from_o the_o hint_n that_o our_o author_n have_v give_v we_o but_o be_v much_o more_o evident_a from_o the_o case_n itself_o print_v afterward_o by_o order_n of_o thomas_n viscount_n wentworth_n the_o then_o lord_n deputie_n the_o ground_n thereof_o with_o the_o plead_n and_o resolution_n so_o far_o as_o they_o concern_v the_o original_a of_o tenor_n be_v in_o short_a thus_o the_o several_a manor_n and_o estate_n within_o the_o county_n of_o roscomon_n sligo_n mayo_n and_o gallway_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o ireland_n be_v unsettl_n d_o as_o to_o their_o title_n king_n james_n i._o by_o commission_n under_o the_o great_a seal_n date_v the_o 2d_o day_n of_o march_n in_o the_o four_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n do_v authorise_v certain_a commissioner_n by_o letter_n patent_n to_o make_v grant_n of_o the_o say_a land_n and_o manor_n to_o the_o respective_a owner_n whereupon_o several_a letter_n patent_n to_o that_o effect_n pass_v under_o his_o majesty_n great_a seal_n by_o virtue_n of_o the_o say_a commission_n for_o the_o strengthen_n of_o title_n that_o may_v otherwise_o seem_v defective_a and_o afterward_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n charles_n i._o upon_o a_o enquirie_n into_o his_o majesty_n be_v title_n to_o the_o county_n of_o mayo_n there_o be_v a_o act_n of_o state_n publish_v command_v all_o those_o who_o hold_v any_o land_n in_o that_o county_n by_o letter_n patent_n from_o the_o crown_n to_o produce_v they_o or_o the_o enrollment_n thereof_o before_o the_o lord_n deputie_n and_o council_n by_o a_o certain_a day_n to_o the_o end_n that_o they_o may_v be_v secure_v in_o the_o quiet_a possession_n of_o their_o estate_n in_o case_n the_o say_a letter_n be_v allow_v by_o that_o board_n to_o be_v good_a and_o effectual_a in_o law_n in_o pursuance_n of_o this_o order_n several_a letter_n patent_n be_v produce_v and_o particular_o the_o lord_n viscount_n dillon's_n which_o last_o upon_o the_o perusal_n and_o consideration_n thereof_o by_o his_o majesty_n be_v council_n be_v think_v to_o be_v void_a in_o law_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v order_v by_o the_o lord_n deputie_n and_o council_n that_o the_o doubt_n arise_v upon_o the_o letter_n patent_n shall_v be_v draw_v up_o into_o a_o case_n and_o that_o case_n to_o be_v open_o argue_v at_o the_o council-board_n the_o case_n be_v draw_v up_o in_o these_o word_n king_n james_n by_o commission_n under_o the_o great_a seal_n date_v the_o second_o day_n of_o march_n in_o the_o four_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n do_v authorise_v certain_a commissioner_n to_o grant_v the_o manor_n of_o dale_n by_o letter_n patent_n under_o the_o great_a seal_n of_o this_o kingdom_n to_o a._n and_o his_o heir_n and_o there_o be_v no_o direction_n give_v in_o the_o say_a commission_n touch_v the_o tenure_n to_o be_v reserve_v there_o be_v letter_n patent_n by_o colour_n of_o the_o say_a commission_n pass_v unto_o a._n and_o his_o heir_n to_o hold_v by_o knight_n service_n as_o of_o his_o majesty_n castle_n of_o dublin_n here_o it_o be_v agree_v on_o all_o hand_n that_o the_o letter_n patent_n be_v void_a as_o to_o the_o tenure_n and_o that_o the_o commissioner_n have_v act_v beyond_o their_o commission_n in_o reserve_v a_o mean_a tenure_n to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o the_o king_n when_o they_o ought_v either_o to_o have_v reserve_v a_o express_a tenure_n by_o knight_n service_n in_o capite_fw-la or_o have_v mention_v no_o tenure_n at_o all_o but_o have_v leave_v the_o law_n to_o imply_v a_o tenure_n in_o capite_fw-la the_o question_n therefore_o be_v whether_o the_o deficiency_n of_o the_o tenure_n do_v so_o far_o affect_v the_o grant_n as_o whole_o to_o destroy_v the_o letter_n patent_n or_o whether_o the_o letter_n patent_n may_v not_o be_v good_a as_o to_o the_o land_n and_o void_a only_a as_o to_o the_o tenure_n the_o case_n be_v argue_v several_a day_n by_o counsel_n on_o both_o side_n and_o be_v afterward_o deliver_v up_o to_o the_o judge_n who_o be_v require_v by_o the_o lord_n deputie_n and_o council_n to_o consider_v of_o it_o and_o to_o return_v their_o resolution_n but_o upon_o private_a conference_n not_o agree_v in_o their_o opinion_n it_o be_v think_v necessary_a for_o public_a satisfaction_n to_o have_v it_o argue_v solemn_o by_o they_o all_o which_o be_v according_o do_v and_o when_o it_o come_v to_o be_v debate_v whether_o the_o reservation_n of_o a_o tenure_n so_o different_a from_o that_o intend_a and_o warrant_v by_o the_o commission_n can_v make_v void_a the_o whole_a grant_n this_o happen_v to_o lead_v they_o to_o a_o more_o general_a enquirie_n what_o the_o reservation_n of_o a_o tenure_n be_v
every_o feodal_a lord_n and_o not_o begin_v in_o france_n till_o feud_n be_v there_o make_v hereditary_a by_o hugh_n capet_n nor_o in_o england_n till_o william_n the_o conqueror_n do_v the_o like_a as_o before_o appear_v the_o reason_n of_o it_o be_v to_o preserve_v the_o memory_n of_o the_o tenure_n and_o of_o the_o duty_n of_o the_o tenant_n by_o make_v every_o new_a tenant_n at_o his_o entry_n to_o recognize_v the_o interest_n of_o his_o lord_n lest_o that_o the_o feud_n be_v now_o hereditary_a and_o new_a heir_n continual_o succeed_v into_o it_o they_o may_v by_o little_a and_o little_o forget_v their_o duty_n and_o substract_v the_o service_n deny_v at_o last_o the_o tenure_n itself_o we_o see_v at_o this_o day_n frequent_a example_n of_o it_o for_o by_o neglect_v of_o do_v homage_n and_o those_o service_n tenor_n usual_o be_v forget_v and_o so_o revolve_v to_o the_o king_n by_o ignoramus_n to_o the_o great_a evil_n of_o their_o posterity_n that_o neglect_v it_o homage_n but_o the_o saxon_n have_v only_o two_o kind_n of_o land_n bocland_n and_o folcland_n neither_o of_o they_o can_v be_v subject_a unto_o homage_n for_o the_o bocland_n which_o belong_v proper_o to_o their_o great_a thanes_z though_o it_o be_v hereditary_a yet_o be_v it_o alodium_fw-la and_o libera_fw-la ab_fw-la omni_fw-la seculari_fw-la gravedine_fw-la as_o before_o be_v show_v and_o thereby_o free_a from_o homage_n and_o the_o folcland_n be_v not_o otherwise_o grant_v by_o the_o king_n or_o his_o thanes_z than_o at_o will_n or_o for_o year_n or_o for_o life_n the_o tenant_n of_o it_o be_v not_o to_o do_v any_o homage_n for_o it_o for_o justice_n littleton_n 90._o bid_v we_o note_n that_o none_o shall_v do_v homage_n but_o such_o as_o have_v a_o estate_n in_o fee_n simple_a or_o fee_n tail_n etc._n etc._n for_o say_v he_o it_o be_v a_o maxim_n in_o law_n that_o he_o which_o have_v a_o estate_n but_o for_o term_n of_o life_n shall_v neither_o do_v homage_n nor_o take_v homage_n but_o admit_v the_o saxon_n have_v the_o ceremony_n of_o do_v homage_n among_o they_o yet_o be_v it_o not_o a_o certain_a mark_n of_o knights-service_n for_o it_o be_v usual_a also_o in_o socage-tenure_n and_o in_o elder_a age_n as_o well_o a_o personal_a duty_n as_o a_o praedial_a that_o be_v do_v to_o prince_n and_o great_a man_n either_o by_o compulsion_n for_o subjection_n or_o voluntary_a for_o their_o protection_n without_o receive_v any_o feud_n or_o other_o grant_n of_o land_n or_o benefit_n from_o they_o and_o he_o or_o they_o which_o in_o this_o manner_n put_v themselves_o into_o the_o homage_n of_o another_o for_o protection_n sake_n be_v then_o call_v homines_fw-la svi_fw-la and_o say_v commendare_fw-la se_fw-la in_o manus_fw-la ejus_fw-la or_o commendare_fw-la se_fw-la illi_fw-la and_o be_v thereupon_o sometime_o call_v homines_fw-la ejus_fw-la commendati_fw-la and_o sometime_o commendati_fw-la without_o homines_fw-la as_o in_o doomsday_n often_o spirawiâ—_n though_o we_o have_v lose_v the_o meaning_n of_o the_o phrase_n yet_o we_o use_v it_o even_o to_o this_o day_n commend_v i_o unto_o such_o a_o man_n which_o import_v as_o much_o as_o our_o new_a compliment_n take_v up_o from_o beyond_o the_o sea_n let_v he_o know_v that_o i_o be_o his_o servant_n see_v the_o quotation_n here_o annex_v and_o note_n that_o though_o the_o saxon_n do_v as_o we_o at_o this_o day_n call_v their_o servant_n and_o follower_n homines_fw-la suos_fw-la their_o man_n yet_o we_o no_o where_o find_v the_o word_n tenure_n or_o the_o ceremony_n of_o homage_n among_o they_o nor_o any_o speech_n of_o do_v or_o of_o respiting_a homage_n chap._n xxi_o what_o manner_n of_o fealty_n among_o the_o saxon_n fealty_n so_o for_o fealty_n if_o we_o shall_v apply_v every_o oath_n swear_v by_o servant_n and_o vassal_n for_o fidelity_n to_o their_o lord_n to_o belong_v unto_o fealty_n we_o may_v bring_v it_o from_o that_o which_o abraham_n impose_v upon_o his_o servant_n put_v thy_o hand_n under_o my_o thigh_n and_o swear_v etc._n etc._n for_o the_o saxon_n abound_v with_o oath_n in_o this_o kind_n follow_v therein_o their_o ancestor_n the_o german_n who_o as_o tacitus_n 46._o say_v take_v praecipuum_fw-la sacramentum_fw-la a_o principal_a oath_n to_o defend_v the_o lord_n of_o the_o territory_n under_o who_o they_o live_v and_o to_o ascribe_v their_o own_o valour_n to_o his_o glory_n so_o likewise_o the_o homines_fw-la commendati_fw-la before_o mention_v yea_o the_o famuli_fw-la ministeriale_n and_o household_n servant_n of_o noble_a person_n be_v in_o ancient_a time_n and_o within_o the_o memory_n of_o our_o father_n swear_v to_o be_v faithful_a to_o their_o lord_n fee_n these_o and_o such_o other_o be_v ancient_o the_o oath_n of_o fealty_n but_o illud_fw-la postremo_fw-la observandum_fw-la say_v bignonius_n a_o learned_a frenchman_n of_o the_o king_n be_v great_a council_n fidelitatem_fw-la hodie_fw-la quidem_fw-la feudi_fw-la causa_fw-la tantum_fw-la praestari_fw-la show_v far_o that_o fealty_n be_v first_o make_v to_o prince_n by_o the_o commendati_fw-la and_o fideles_fw-la without_o any_o feud_n give_v unto_o they_o and_o that_o the_o prince_n afterward_o do_v many_o time_n grant_v unto_o they_o feuda_fw-la vacantia_fw-la as_o to_o their_o servant_n but_o whether_o the_o oath_n of_o fealty_n be_v so_o bring_v in_o upon_o feodal_a tenant_n or_o be_v in_o use_n before_o he_o do_v not_o determine_v in_o the_o mean_a time_n it_o hereby_o appear_v that_o fealty_n in_o those_o day_n be_v personal_a as_o well_o as_o feodal_n or_o praedial_a which_o impose_v a_o necessity_n upon_o they_o of_o the_o contrary_a part_n in_o the_o report_n that_o if_o they_o meet_v with_o fealty_n among_o the_o saxon_n they_o must_v show_v it_o to_o be_v feodal_n and_o not_o personal_a for_o otherwise_o it_o maintain_v not_o their_o assertion_n i_o will_v help_v they_o with_o a_o pattern_n of_o fealty_n in_o those_o time_n where_o oswald_n bishop_n of_o worcester_n grant_v the_o land_n of_o his_o bishopric_n to_o many_o and_o sundry_a person_n for_o three_o life_n reserve_v a_o multitude_n of_o service_n to_o be_v do_v by_o they_o and_o bind_v they_o to_o swear_v that_o as_o long_o as_o they_o hold_v those_o land_n they_o shall_v continue_v in_o the_o commandment_n of_o the_o bishop_n with_o all_o subjection_n i_o take_v this_o to_o be_v a_o oath_n of_o fealty_n but_o we_o must_v consider_v whether_o it_o be_v personal_a or_o praedial_a if_o personal_a it_o nothing_o then_o concern_v tenor_n and_o consequent_o not_o our_o question_n if_o praedial_a then_o must_v it_o be_v inherent_a to_o the_o land_n which_o here_o it_o seem_v not_o to_o be_v but_o to_o arise_v by_o way_n of_o contract_n and_o be_v praedial_a must_v either_o be_v feodal_n as_o for_o land_n hold_v by_o knight-service_n or_o colonical_a as_o for_o land_n in_o socage_n if_o we_o say_v it_o be_v feodal_n then_o must_v there_o be_v homage_n also_o as_o well_o as_o fealty_n for_o homage_n be_v inseparable_a from_o a_o feud_n by_o knight-service_n but_o the_o estate_n here_o grant_v by_o oswald_n be_v no_o great_a than_o for_o life_n the_o grantee_n must_v not_o as_o we_o have_v show_v either_o make_v or_o take_v homage_n and_o be_v last_o but_o colonical_a or_o in_o socage_n it_o be_v no_o fruit_n of_o a_o tenure_n in_o capite_fw-la by_o knight-service_n nor_o belong_v therefore_o to_o our_o question_n so_o that_o if_o fealty_n be_v find_v among_o the_o saxon_n yet_o can_v it_o not_o be_v find_v to_o be_v a_o fruit_n of_o knight-service_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o the_o report_n pretend_v it_o see_v fidelitas_fw-la in_o my_o glossary_n chap._n xxii_o no_o escuage_z among_o the_o saxon_n what_o in_o the_o empire_n 〈…〉_z the_o word_n scutagium_fw-la and_o that_o of_o escuage_z be_v of_o such_o novelty_n beyond_o the_o sea_n as_o i_o find_v it_o not_o among_o the_o feudist_n no_o not_o among_o the_o french_a or_o norman_n themselves_o much_o less_o among_o the_o saxon_n yet_o i_o meet_v with_o a_o ancient_a law_n in_o the_o novella_n of_o constantine_n porphyrogenita_n emperor_n of_o greece_n in_o the_o year_n 780._o that_o give_v a_o specimen_fw-la of_o it_o though_o not_o the_o name_n 7._o quaedam_fw-la esse_fw-la praedia_fw-la militaria_fw-la quibus_fw-la cohaereat_fw-la onus_fw-la militiae_fw-la ita_fw-la ut_fw-la possessorem_fw-la necesse_fw-la sit_fw-la se_fw-la ad_fw-la militiam_fw-la comparare_fw-la domino_fw-la indicante_fw-la delectum_fw-la vel_fw-la si_fw-la nolit_fw-la aut_fw-la non_fw-la possit_fw-la se_fw-la ad_fw-la delectum_fw-la exhibere_fw-la certam_fw-la eo_fw-la nomine_fw-la pecuniam_fw-la fisco_fw-la dependere_fw-la quae_fw-la feudorum_fw-la omnium_fw-la lex_fw-la est_fw-la etc._n etc._n this_o tell_v we_o that_o there_o be_v certain_a land_n to_o which_o the_o burden_n of_o warfare_n be_v so_o adherent_a that_o every_o owner_n of_o they_o be_v tie_v upon_o summons_n make_v by_o his_o lord_n to_o make_v his_o appearance_n therein_o or_o else_o to_o pay_v certain_a money_n by_o way_n
of_o a_o fine_a as_o be_v common_a in_o all_o case_n of_o feodal_n tenor_n empire_n this_o have_v some_o show_n of_o our_o escuage_z and_o may_v well_o have_v take_v that_o name_n from_o the_o manner_n of_o summons_n use_v in_o the_o empire_n which_o be_v by_o erect_v a_o post_n or_o pillar_n and_o hang_v a_o shield_n at_o the_o top_n thereof_o a_o herald_n proclaim_v that_o all_o who_o hold_v in_o this_o manner_n shall_v at_o such_o a_o day_n attend_v the_o emperor_n in_o his_o voyage_n to_o rome_n for_o take_v the_o crown_n of_o italy_n or_o king_n of_o roman_n which_o the_o ligurine_a poet_n thus_o express_v 301._o ligno_fw-la suspenditur_fw-la alte_fw-la erecto_fw-la clypeus_fw-la tunc_fw-la praeco_fw-la regius_fw-la omnes_fw-la convocat_n a_o dominis_fw-la feudalia_fw-la jura_fw-la tenentes_fw-la etc._n etc._n as_o we_o have_v show_v in_o our_o glossary_a verbo_fw-la feudum_fw-la he_o use_v clypeus_fw-la for_o a_o shield_n instead_o of_o scutum_fw-la and_o from_o this_o shield_n i_o say_v it_o may_v well_o be_v call_v scutagium_fw-la as_o also_o from_o the_o service_n perform_v in_o it_o cum_fw-la hasta_fw-la &_o scuto_fw-la yet_o this_o summons_n be_v not_o call_v schiltbannum_n but_o heribannum_fw-la that_o be_v indictio_fw-la exercitus_fw-la not_o indictio_fw-la sâ—uti_fw-la but_o to_o keep_v near_o the_o matter_n first_o our_o saxon_n neither_o use_v the_o name_n nor_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o norman_a escuage_z for_o they_o call_v their_o go_v to_o war_n upon_o legal_a summons_n firdfare_n and_o utfare_n in_o latin_a expeditionem_fw-la and_o profectionem_fw-la second_o they_o be_v not_o tie_v to_o any_o definite_a time_n of_o abode_n as_o for_o forty_o day_n or_o more_o or_o less_o but_o as_o the_o law_n say_v 10._o sÆ¿a_o a_o ðon_n ðearf_n sy_n for_o gemeneâ—â—â—re_a neode_n so_o as_o need_v shall_v require_v for_o common_a necessity_n three_o the_o mulct_n or_o forfeiture_n that_o the_o tenant_n in_o escuage_z incur_v for_o not_o go_v forth_o upon_o that_o summons_n be_v uncertain_a among_o the_o norman_n and_o we_o till_o the_o parliament_n assign_v it_o but_o among_o the_o saxon_n he_o that_o offend_v in_o ferdwite_n that_o be_v in_o not_o go_v forth_o in_o the_o expedition_n be_v certain_o fine_v at_o 120_o 13._o four_o whereas_o every_o lord_n among_o we_o have_v the_o fine_a assess_v by_o parliament_n of_o his_o own_o tenant_n for_o the_o land_n hold_v of_o himself_o the_o king_n among_o the_o saxon_n have_v the_o fine_a aforesaid_a of_o every_o delinquent_n who_o tenant_n or_o follower_n soever_o he_o be_v by_o all_o the_o law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n that_o be_v to_o say_v by_o the_o west-saxon_a law_n by_o the_o mercian_n and_o by_o the_o dane_n law_n though_o otherwise_o they_o differ_v 69._o in_o their_o heriot_n and_o many_o particular_a custom_n so_o that_o to_o talk_v of_o escuage_z among_o the_o saxon_n be_v without_o all_o colour_n or_o probability_n as_o i_o take_v it_o chap._n xxiii_o no_o feodal_n escheat_n of_o hereditary_a land_n among_o the_o saxon_n escheat_n escheat_n of_o eschoeir_n in_o french_a signify_v thing_n come_v accidental_o as_o on_o the_o by_o or_o by_o chance_n the_o fâ—odists_n therefore_o call_v they_o caduca_fw-la a_fw-la cadendo_fw-la and_o excadentias_fw-la the_o black_a book_n of_o the_o exchequer_n escaetas_n excidentia_fw-la and_o excadentia_fw-la but_o among_o our_o saxon_n i_o find_v no_o word_n to_o express_v they_o either_o proper_o or_o paraphrastical_o in_o our_o law_n they_o be_v of_o two_o sort_n regal_a escheat_n and_o feodal_n regal_a be_v those_o obvention_n and_o forfeiture_n which_o belong_v general_o to_o king_n by_o the_o ancient_a right_n of_o their_o crown_n and_o supreme_a dignity_n thus_o king_n david_n give_v the_o land_n of_o mephibosheth_n accuse_v of_o treason_n unto_o ziba_n though_o too_o hasty_o feodal_n be_v those_o which_o accrue_v to_o every_o feodal_n lord_n as_o well_o as_o to_o the_o king_n by_o reason_n of_o his_o seignory_n and_o of_o all_o the_o fruit_n of_o tenure_n none_o so_o great_a as_o this_o if_o we_o may_v call_v it_o a_o fruit_n where_o the_o feud_n or_o tree_n itself_o result_v back_o unto_o the_o lord_n let_v we_o see_v therefore_o if_o we_o find_v any_o of_o these_o feodal_n escheat_n among_o the_o saxon_n examine_v there_o be_v a_o shrewd_a text_n i_o confess_v in_o canutus_n his_o law_n qui_fw-la fugiet_fw-la à _fw-la domino_fw-la svo_fw-la vel_fw-la socio_fw-la pro_fw-la timiditate_fw-la in_o expeditione_n navali_fw-la vel_fw-la terrestri_fw-la perdat_fw-la omne_fw-la quod_fw-la suum_fw-la est_fw-la &_o svam_fw-la ipsius_fw-la vitam_fw-la &_o manus_fw-la mittat_fw-la dominus_fw-la ad_fw-la terram_fw-la quam_fw-la ei_fw-la dederat_fw-la &_o si_fw-la terram_fw-la haereditariam_fw-la habeat_fw-la ipsa_fw-la in_o manum_fw-la regis_fw-la transeat_fw-la here_o be_v the_o appearance_n of_o a_o tenure_n of_o a_o feud_n of_o a_o forfeiture_n and_o of_o a_o escheat_n the_o tenure_n lie_v between_o the_o lord_n and_o his_o fugitive_a vassal_n who_o the_o saxon_n and_o german_n call_v his_o man_n we_o his_o tenant_n the_o feud_n in_o the_o land_n quam_fw-la dâ—mâ—nus_fw-la â—i_fw-la dederat_fw-la the_o forfeiture_n in_o fugiendo_fw-la in_o the_o vassal_n run_v away_o and_o the_o escheat_n in_o the_o lord_n be_v seize_v of_o the_o land_n manus_fw-la mittat_fw-la dominus_fw-la in_o terram_fw-la quam_fw-la ei_fw-la dederat_fw-la let_v the_o lord_n take_v back_o the_o estate_n which_o he_o give_v in_o the_o temporary_a feud_n but_o for_o the_o hereditary_a land_n he_o say_v transeat_fw-la non_fw-la redeat_fw-la in_fw-la manum_fw-la regis_fw-la all_o this_o be_v nothing_o in_o our_o case_n for_o i_o declare_v in_o the_o beginning_n that_o our_o question_n be_v fix_v upon_o such_o feud_n as_o the_o law_n of_o england_n take_v notice_n of_o at_o this_o day_n that_o be_v of_o feud_n after_o they_o be_v become_v hereditary_a and_o perpetual_a not_o of_o those_o mention_v by_o gerardus_n niger_n which_o be_v temporary_a as_o at_o will_n of_o the_o lord_n or_o for_o year_n or_o for_o life_n like_v they_o here_o intend_v by_o canutus_n this_o very_a law_n observe_v the_o difference_n and_o discover_v also_o that_o feud_n be_v not_o hereditary_a in_o his_o time_n and_o therefore_o give_v the_o feodal_a land_n be_v but_o a_o temporary_a estate_n back_o unto_o the_o lord_n in_o who_o the_o reversion_n be_v by_o inheritance_n as_o a_o feodal_n right_n but_o give_v the_o hereditary_a land_n unto_o the_o king_n as_o a_o regal_a escheat_n for_o that_o there_o be_v no_o mean_a or_o intervenient_a lord_n to_o claim_v they_o by_o any_o feodal_a tenure_n for_o that_o the_o hereditary_a land_n among_o the_o saxon_n otherwise_o call_v bocland_n be_v hold_v of_o no_o body_n nor_o subject_n to_o any_o feodal_a service_n as_o we_o have_v often_o declare_v and_o can_v not_o therefore_o escheat_n unto_o any_o feodal_a lord_n the_o kentish_a custom_n of_o the_o father_n to_o the_o bough_n and_o the_o son_n to_o the_o plough_n suggest_v as_o much_o and_o show_v also_o to_o have_v be_v the_o general_a use_n of_o england_n till_o the_o conqueror_n introduce_v hereditary_a feud_n put_v upon_o we_o therewith_o these_o great_a feodal_n servitude_n of_o wardship_n marriage_n escheat_n etc._n etc._n so_o that_o the_o hereditary_a land_n not_o be_v feodal_n in_o the_o saxon_n time_n nor_o the_o feodal_a land_n hereditary_a there_o can_v then_o be_v no_o feodal_a escheat_n among_o they_o and_o i_o take_v it_o to_o be_v considerable_a whether_o the_o land_n resume_v by_o the_o lord_n upon_o his_o vassal's_n running_n away_o be_v proper_o a_o escheat_n by_o the_o law_n of_o canutus_n or_o rather_o a_o penalty_n only_o impose_v in_o this_o particular_a case_n chap._n xxiv_o thaneland_n and_o reveland_n what_o no_o mark_n of_o tenure_n but_o distinction_n of_o land-holders_n thaneland_n there_o be_v yet_o another_o assertion_n rather_o show_v than_o prove_v 34._o that_o the_o thani_fw-la majores_fw-la or_o king_n thanes_z hold_v by_o personal_a service_n of_o the_o king_n person_n by_o grand_a serjanty_n or_o knights-service_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o the_o reason_n follow_v be_v that_o the_o land_n so_o hold_v be_v in_o those_o time_n call_v thaneland_n as_o land_v reveland_n hold_v in_o socage_n be_v call_v reveland_n so_o frequent_o in_o doomsday_n 〈…〉_z haec_fw-la terra_fw-la fuit_fw-la terra_fw-la regis_fw-la edwardi_fw-la thainland_n sed_fw-la postea_fw-la conversa_fw-la est_fw-la in_o reveland_n coke_n instit_n §_n 117._o thus_o the_o report_n discharge_v itself_o upon_o my_o lord_n coke_n who_o word_n be_v these_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o in_o the_o book_n of_o doomsday_n land_n hold_v by_o knights-service_n be_v call_v thainland_n and_o land_n hold_v by_o socage_n be_v call_v reveland_n i_o reverence_v the_o opinion_n of_o that_o famous_a lawyer_n with_o admiration_n but_o i_o suppose_v he_o speak_v not_o this_o ex_fw-la tripod_n juridico_fw-la for_o it_o be_v impossible_a that_o it_o and_o that_o which_o be_v before_o deliver_v out_o of_o the_o
richard_n tribunus_n regis_n or_o marshal_n to_o king_n henry_n ii_o 166._o hundrador_n 51._o hundred_o their_o original_n 50._o hundred_o court_n 51._o hunt_v forbid_v to_o clergyman_n 109_o 112_o 113_o 114_o 115._o hide_n what_o 17._o when_o disuse_v 4â—_n i_o ibreney_n rad._n de_o 190._o iceni_n 135._o eorum_fw-la nomina_fw-la &_o derivatio_fw-la ibid._n icenia_n 135._o ejusdem_fw-la termini_fw-la ibid._n coelum_fw-la &_o solum_fw-la 13â—_n ina_n king_n of_o the_o west_n saxon_n adjust_v the_o quantity_n of_o rent_n for_o every_o ploughland_n 15._o by_o who_o advice_n he_o make_v his_o law_n 61._o make_v a_o strict_a law_n against_o work_v on_o sunday_n 57_o ingolsthorp_n 146._o inland_a what_o 12._o intwood_n 157._o k._n john_n magna_fw-la charta_fw-la 63._o john_n marshal_z to_z king_n henry_n i._n 165._o irregularity_n of_o clergyman_n wherein_o it_o consist_v 109_o 112._o i_o shall_z fluvius_fw-la unde_fw-la dictus_fw-la 135._o ejusdem_fw-la aestus_fw-la 139._o islepe_o sim_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n 90._o jury_n take_v out_o of_o several_a hundred_o in_o a_o county_n 53._o jurour_n prohibit_v to_o have_v meat_n etc._n etc._n till_o agree_v of_o their_o verdict_n 89._o jus_fw-la gentium_fw-la 2._o justice_n of_o eure_n when_o institute_v 27._o justinian_n the_o emperor_n when_o he_o flourish_v 129._o he_o prohibit_v clergyman_n to_o take_v cognizance_n of_o wi_n ibid._n justitium_fw-la what_o 72._o k_o keninghall_n 158._o kent_n the_o custom_n of_o gavelkind_n in_o that_o county_n 43._o kettringham_n 15â—_n the_o king_n the_o fountain_n of_o all_o feud_n and_o tenor_n 1â—_n the_o king_n to_o have_v his_o tenant_n land_n till_o the_o heir_n have_v do_v homage_n 3â—_n the_o king_n universal_a lord_n of_o his_o whole_a territory_n 37._o ancient_o grant_v church_n to_o layman_n 115_o knight_n what_o among_o the_o saxon_n 51_o 58._o why_o there_o be_v but_o two_o knight_n of_o the_o shire_n for_o a_o county_n 64._o knight's-fee_n 3_o 4_o 51_o 58._o when_o introduce_v 45._o the_o number_n of_o they_o ibid._n the_o value_n of_o a_o knights-fee_n ibid._n knight-service_n 2_o 7._o kymberley_n 158._o s_o sacha_n &_o soca_n what_o in_o the_o saxon_a tongue_n 51._o salique_n bring_v the_o german_a feodal_a right_n into_o france_n 5._o shall_v in_o norfolk_n 151._o sandringham_n 146._o sanhadrim_n when_o and_o where_o the_o judge_n of_o it_o sit_v 75._o satrapy_n among_o the_o saxon_n 50._o saxon_n the_o first_o planter_n of_o the_o german_a rite_n in_o great_a britain_n 5._o their_o charter_n translate_v 7._o the_o manner_n of_o make_v their_o conveyance_n 8_o distinction_n of_o person_n among_o they_o 11._o how_o many_o degree_n of_o honour_n they_o have_v 16._o how_o they_o hold_v their_o land_n 40._o what_o oblige_v they_o to_o so_o many_o kind_n of_o service_n ibid._n saxon_n very_o much_o give_v to_o drunkenness_n 89._o when_o they_o take_v possession_n of_o england_n 100_o they_o sweep_v away_o the_o roman_a law_n there_o 101_o yet_o take_v somewhat_o from_o they_o 102._o why_o their_o law_n be_v not_o at_o first_o put_v in_o writing_n ibid._n when_o they_o have_v write_v law_n ibid._n the_o use_n of_o will_n unknown_a to_o the_o ancient_a saxon_n 127._o our_o saxon_n observe_v the_o civil_a law_n in_o their_o will_n 128._o scutagium_fw-la 36_o 37._o sedgeford_n 146._o segrave_n nicholas_n marshal_v of_o england_n 167._o seignory_n wherein_o it_o consist_v 2._o service_n how_o many_o sort_n of_o they_o upon_o land_n 17._o personal_a service_n 40._o praedial_a ibid._n alodial_a ibid._n beneficiary_n ibid._n colonical_a ibid._n servitia_fw-la militaria_fw-la what_o 46._o the_o difference_n between_o they_o and_o servitutes_fw-la militares_fw-la ibid._n seymour_n edward_n duke_n of_o somerset_n nephew_n of_o king_n edw._n vi_o 169._o make_a lord_n treasurer_n and_o earl_n marshal_n of_o england_n ibid._n shardlow_n joh_n justice_n of_o oyer_n have_v a_o licence_n to_o hear_v cause_n on_o a_o festival_n 95_o 96._o sharnburn_n 146._o history_n of_o the_o family_n 189_o etc._n etc._n shelton_n 156._o shouldham_n 142._o shire_n gemot_a what_o 53._o signioral_a authority_n what_o 6â—_n snetsham_n 146_o 189_o 190_o etc._n etc._n socage_n 3_o 7_o 33_o 43._o socman_n 1â—_n 15_o 57_o sprowston_n 153._o stanchow_n 146_o 19â—_n star_n chamber_n court_n 94_o 95._o stigand_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n depose_v 119._o stock-chappel_n 146._o stow-bardolfe_a 140._o strangbow_n gilb_n earl_n of_o pembroke_n and_o marshal_n of_o the_o king_n palace_n 165._o suitor_n of_o the_o hundred_o 51._o when_o and_o by_o who_o call_v at_o this_o day_n ibid._n summons_n the_o manner_n of_o it_o in_o the_o empire_n 36._o sunday_n how_o exempt_v from_o law_n suit_n 76._o sustenance_n what_o 59_o swasham_n 141._o swainmote-court_n 85._o syndici_fw-la who_o 63_o 64._o synod_n of_o eanham_n when_o hold_v 78._o t_o talbot_n george_n earl_n of_o shrewsbury_n 171._o execute_v the_o office_n of_o lord_n high_a steward_n of_o england_n ibid._n tallagium_fw-la 60._o tasburg_n 156._o tassilo_o duke_n of_o bavaria_n do_v homage_n to_o king_n pipin_n 34._o tenant_n land_n of_o how_o many_o sort_n 4._o tenant_n by_o knight-service_n 4._o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la 10._o tenant_n in_o menalty_n ibid._n tenant_n paraval_n ibid._n tenant_n land_n or_o the_o tenancy_n 12._o tenant_n what_o they_o be_v in_o ancient_a time_n 51._o tenant_n in_o socage_n 57_o tenant_n force_v to_o pay_v a_o fine_a upon_o the_o marriage_n of_o a_o daughter_n 60._o to_o furnish_v their_o lord_n with_o provision_n ibid._n to_o present_v they_o with_o gratuity_n ibid._n tenure_n in_o capite_fw-la 2._o by_o knight-service_n 4_o 7._o the_o original_a of_o tenor_n 4._o tenure_n in_o socage_n 4_o 7._o tenor_n for_o life_n ibid._n what_o tenor_n be_v in_o use_n among_o the_o saxon_n 7._o when_o first_o use_v ibid._n no_o tenor_n in_o capite_fw-la among_o the_o saxon_n 10._o tenure_n in_o capite_fw-la of_o two_o sort_n ibid._n the_o fruit_n of_o feodal_a tenor_n 24._o the_o name_n of_o tenor_n not_o use_v by_o the_o saxon_n 40._o terminus_n what_o it_o signify_v 71._o when_o the_o word_n become_v frequent_a ibid._n term_n their_o definition_n and_o etymology_n 71._o several_a acceptation_n of_o the_o word_n 70._o full_a term_n and_o puisne_n term_v ibid._n the_o original_a of_o term_n 73_o &_o 77._o two_o term_n among_o the_o welsh_a 74._o the_o term_n lay_v out_o according_a to_o the_o ancient_a law_n 82._o the_o ancient_a bound_n of_o hilary-term_n 82_o 83._o of_o easter-term_n 83._o of_o trinity-term_n 84_o 85._o of_o michaelmass-term_n 85_o 86._o how_o trinity_n term_n be_v alter_v 87._o michaelmass-term_n how_o abbreviate_v 88_o why_o the_o term_n be_v sometime_o extend_v into_o the_o vacation_n 95._o terra_fw-la regis_fw-la 57_o terrae_fw-la testamentales_fw-la 12._o terrington_n 138._o tertium_fw-la denarium_fw-la 14._o testament_n and_o last_o will_v not_o in_o use_n among_o the_o ancient_a hebrew_n 127._o not_o find_v in_o scripture_n before_o christ_n time_n ibid._n express_o mention_v by_o st._n paul_n ibid._n not_o use_v by_o the_o saxon_n or_o norman_n ibid._n the_o custom_n of_o make_v will_n from_o who_o take_v up_o ibid._n how_o many_o witness_n to_o a_o will_n require_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n 128._o thane_n or_o theoden_a who_o 10_o 11._o their_o several_a kind_n 16._o not_o proper_o a_o title_n of_o dignity_n ibid._n the_o etymology_n of_o their_o name_n ibid._n the_o quality_n of_o their_o person_n ibid._n the_o nature_n of_o their_o land_n 17._o the_o word_n thane_n have_v no_o relation_n to_o war_n 21._o a_o thane_n heriot_n 31._o thaneland_n not_o subject_a to_o feodal_a service_n 18._o charter_n of_o thaneland_n grant_v by_o saxon_a king_n 19_o 20._o the_o occasion_n of_o grant_v they_o 21._o thaneland_n alienate_v ibid._n devise_a by_o will_n 22._o grant_v to_o woman_n ibid._n no_o service_n upon_o they_o but_o what_o be_v express_v ibid._n dispos_fw-mi d_o of_o at_o the_o pleasure_n of_o the_o owner_n 23._o charge_v with_o a_o rent_n ibid._n may_v be_v restrain_v from_o alienation_n ibid._n thaneland_n and_o reveland_n what_o 38._o thani_fw-la majores_fw-la &_o minores_fw-la 16._o thani_fw-la regis_fw-la ibid._n theinge_v 50._o his_o jurisdiction_n ibid._n theowe_n and_o esne_n who_o 11._o thetford_n 158._o thokus_n dominus_fw-la de_fw-fr sharnburn_n 189._o thola_fw-la the_o widow_n of_o ore_n have_v a_o grant_n of_o certain_a land_n of_o k._n edw._n the_o confessor_n 20._o obtain_v a_o licence_n to_o devise_v her_o land_n and_o good_n 34._o thrimsa_n what_o 15._o thrithingreves_n or_o leidgereuâ—s_n their_o office_n and_o authority_n 52._o what_o cause_n be_v usual_o bring_v before_o '_o they_o ibid._n tribunus_n militum_fw-la rei_fw-la militaris_fw-la aut_fw-la exercitus_fw-la 165._o tribute_n 59_o trimarcesia_n what_o 3._o trinity-term_n its_o ancient_a bound_n 84_o 85._o how_o it_o be_v alter_v and_o shorten_v 87._o trinodis_fw-la necessitas_fw-la 17_o 43._o trithing_n or_o lath_n 50._o why_o so_o call_v 52._o turf_n why_o so_o call_v 139_o 140._o tydd_n
for_o some_o portion_n also_o of_o their_o out-land_n these_o be_v after_o call_v feoda_fw-it rustica_fw-la beyond_o the_o sea_n with_o we_o socage-land_n and_o be_v hold_v at_o pleasure_n of_o their_o lord_n either_o by_o render_v part_n of_o the_o profit_n thereupon_o grow_v or_o rear_v as_o victual_n especial_o in_o saxon_a call_v feorm_n etc._n etc._n whereof_o see_v the_o rate_n in_o the_o law_n of_o king_n ina_n chap._n 70._o or_o by_o do_v some_o work_n of_o husbandry_n upon_o the_o lord_n inland_n now_o call_v his_o demean_n as_o tillage_n carriage_n harvest-work_n etc._n etc._n among_o all_o these_o diversity_n of_o service_n none_o come_v so_o near_o to_o the_o nature_n of_o feud_n and_o tenor_n as_o the_o beneficiary_n do_v let_v we_o therefore_o consider_v they_o the_o more_o serious_o by_o that_o notable_a pattern_n of_o they_o leave_v unto_o we_o from_o bishop_n oswald_n who_o divide_v much_o of_o the_o land_n of_o his_o church_n of_o worcester_n into_o those_o kind_n of_o portion_n which_o after_o the_o feodal_n word_n then_o in_o use_n he_o call_v beneficia_fw-la grant_v the_o same_o unto_o his_o thanes_z and_o follower_n not_o by_o the_o name_n of_o his_o milites_fw-la or_o tenentes_fw-la but_o of_o his_o fidos_fw-la subditos_fw-la for_o the_o term_n of_o three_o life_n according_a to_o the_o manner_n which_o they_o retain_v in_o those_o part_n even_o to_o this_o day_n and_o reserve_v to_o his_o church_n and_o successor_n not_o homagium_fw-la &_o sâ—rvitium_fw-la the_o material_a word_n in_o tenure_n to_o create_v knights-service_n in_o the_o feodal_n law_n but_o the_o service_n mention_v in_o his_o charter_n secundum_fw-la conventionem_fw-la cum_fw-la eye_n factam_fw-la &_o sponsionem_fw-la svam_fw-la as_o the_o very_a word_n be_v there_o express_o but_o hear_v the_o charter_n or_o rather_o epistle_n as_o he_o himself_o call_v it_o which_o the_o king_n confirm_v and_o a_o council_n the_o aranga_n or_o preamble_n of_o it_o be_v a_o thankful_a acknowledgement_n of_o king_n edgar_n bounty_n and_o goodness_n to_o he_o the_o bishop_n and_o his_o church_n the_o conclusion_n after_o the_o manner_n of_o those_o time_n a_o curse_n and_o heavy_a imprecation_n against_o all_o such_o as_o shall_v spoil_v or_o violate_v the_o same_o both_o which_o be_v long_o and_o nothing_o to_o our_o purpose_n i_o think_v convenient_a here_o to_o pretermit_v the_o rest_n be_v as_o follow_v under_o the_o title_n give_v it_o in_o the_o manuscript_n chap._n xxvi_o the_o charter_n whereby_o oswald_n bishop_n of_o worcester_n dispose_v divers_a land_n of_o his_o church_n after_o the_o feodal_n manner_n of_o that_o time_n entitle_v indiculum_fw-la libertatis_fw-la de_fw-la oswaldes-lawes-hundred_n domino_fw-la meo_fw-la charissimo_fw-la regi_fw-la anglorum_fw-la edgaro_n ego_fw-la oswaldus_n wigorniensis_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la episcopus_fw-la etc._n etc._n quare_fw-la quomodo_fw-la fidos_fw-la mihi_fw-la subditos_fw-la telluribus_fw-la quae_fw-la meae_fw-la traditae_fw-la sunt_fw-la potestati_fw-la per_fw-la spatium_fw-la temporis_fw-la trium_fw-la hominum_fw-la id_fw-la est_fw-la duorum_fw-la post_fw-la se_fw-la haeredum_fw-la condonarem_fw-la placuit_fw-la tam_fw-la mihi_fw-la quam_fw-la ipsis_fw-la fautoribus_fw-la &_o consiliariis_fw-la meis_fw-la cum_fw-la ipsius_fw-la domini_fw-la mei_fw-la regis_fw-la licentia_fw-la &_o attestatione_n ut_fw-la fratribus_fw-la meis_fw-la successoribus_fw-la scil_n episcopis_fw-la per_fw-la chirographi_fw-la cautionem_fw-la apertius_fw-la enuclearem_fw-la ut_fw-la sciant_fw-la quid_fw-la ab_fw-la eye_n extorquere_fw-la just_a debeant_fw-la secundum_fw-la conventionem_fw-la cum_fw-la eye_n factam_fw-la &_o sponsionem_fw-la svam_fw-la unde_fw-la &_o hanc_fw-la epistolam_fw-la ob_fw-la cautelae_fw-la causam_fw-la componere_fw-la studui_fw-la nequis_fw-la malignae_fw-la cupiditatis_fw-la instinctu_fw-la hoc_fw-la sequenti_fw-la tempore_fw-la mutare_fw-la volens_fw-la abjurare_fw-la a_o servitio_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la queat_fw-la haec_fw-la itaque_fw-la conventio_fw-la cum_fw-la eye_n facta_fw-la est_fw-la ipso_fw-la domino_fw-la meo_fw-la rege_fw-la annuente_fw-la &_o sua_fw-la attestatione_n munificentae_fw-la suae_fw-la largitatem_fw-la roborante_a &_o confirmante_fw-la omnibusque_fw-la ipsius_fw-la regiminis_fw-la sapientibus_fw-la &_o principibus_fw-la attestantibus_fw-la &_o consentientibus_fw-la hoc_fw-la pacto_fw-la eye_n terras_fw-la sanctae_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la sub_fw-la i_o tenere_fw-la concessi_fw-la hoc_fw-la est_fw-la ut_fw-la omnis_fw-la equitandi_fw-la lex_fw-la ab_fw-la eye_n impleatur_fw-la quae_fw-la ad_fw-la equites_fw-la pertinet_fw-la &_o ut_fw-la pleniter_fw-la persolvant_fw-la omne_fw-la quae_fw-la ad_fw-la jus_o ipsius_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la just_a competunt_fw-la scil_n ea_fw-la quae_fw-la anglice_fw-la dicuntur_fw-la ciricsceott_n &_o toll_n id_fw-la est_fw-la thelonium_fw-la &_o tacc_n id_fw-la est_fw-la swinseade_n &_o cetera_fw-la jura_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la nisi_fw-la episcopus_fw-la alicui_fw-la eorum_fw-la quid_fw-la pardonare_fw-la voluerit_fw-la seseque_fw-la quamdiu_fw-la ipsas_fw-la terras_fw-la tenent_fw-la in_o mandatis_fw-la pontificis_fw-la humiliter_fw-la cum_fw-la omni_fw-la subjectione_n perseverare_fw-la etiam_fw-la jurejurando_fw-la affirment_fw-la super_fw-la haec_fw-la etiam_fw-la ad_fw-la omnis_fw-la industriae_fw-la episcopi_fw-la indigentiam_fw-la semet_fw-la ipsos_fw-la praesto_fw-la impendant_fw-la equos_fw-la praestent_fw-la ipsi_fw-la equitent_a &_o ad_fw-la totum_fw-la piramiticum_fw-la opus_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la calcis_fw-la atque_fw-la ad_fw-la pontis_fw-la aedificum_fw-la ultro_fw-la inveniantur_fw-la parati_fw-la sed_fw-la &_o venationis_fw-la sepem_fw-la domini_fw-la episcopi_fw-la ultronei_fw-la ad_fw-la aedificandum_fw-la repperiantur_fw-la suaque_fw-la quandocunque_fw-la domino_fw-la episcopo_fw-la libuerit_fw-la venabula_fw-la destinent_a venatum_fw-la insuper_fw-la ad_fw-la multas_fw-la alius_fw-la indigentiae_fw-la causas_fw-la quibus_fw-la opus_fw-la est_fw-la domino_fw-la antistiti_fw-la saepe_fw-la furnisci_fw-la sive_fw-la ad_fw-la suum_fw-la servitium_fw-la sive_fw-la ad_fw-la regale_n explendum_fw-la semper_fw-la illius_fw-la archiductoris_fw-la dominatui_fw-la &_o voluntati_fw-la qui_fw-la episcopatui_fw-la praesidet_fw-la propter_fw-la beneficium_fw-la quod_fw-la illis_fw-la praestitum_fw-la est_fw-la cum_fw-la omni_fw-la humilitate_fw-la &_o subjectione_n subditi_fw-la fiant_fw-la secundum_fw-la ipsius_fw-la voluntatem_fw-la &_o terrarum_fw-la quas_fw-la cuique_fw-la possidet_fw-la quantitatem_fw-la decurso_fw-la autem_fw-la praefati_fw-la temporis_fw-la curriculo_fw-la viz._n duorum_fw-la qui_fw-la post_fw-la eos_fw-la qui_fw-la eas_fw-la mode_n possident_fw-la haeredum_fw-la aquavitae_fw-la spatio_fw-la in_fw-la ipsius_fw-la antistitis_fw-la sit_fw-la arbitrio_fw-la quid_fw-la inde_fw-la velit_fw-la &_o quomodo_fw-la svi_fw-la velle_fw-la sit_fw-la inde_fw-la ita_fw-la stet_fw-la sive_fw-la ad_fw-la suum_fw-la opus_fw-la eas_fw-la retinere_fw-la si_fw-la sic_fw-la sibi_fw-la utile_fw-la judicaverit_fw-la sive_fw-la eas_fw-la alicui_fw-la diutius_fw-la praestare_fw-la si_fw-la sic_fw-la sibi_fw-la placuerit_fw-la velit_fw-la ita_fw-la duntaxat_fw-la ut_fw-la semper_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la servitia_fw-la pleniter_fw-la ut_fw-la praefati_fw-la sumus_fw-la inde_fw-la persolvantur_fw-la ast_n si_fw-la quid_fw-la praefatorum_fw-la delicti_fw-la praevaricantis_fw-la causa_fw-la defuerit_fw-la jurum_fw-la praevaricationis_fw-la delictum_fw-la secundum_fw-la quod_fw-la praesulis_fw-la jus_o est_fw-la emendet_fw-la aut_fw-la illo_fw-la quo_fw-la antea_fw-la potitus_fw-la est_fw-la dono_fw-la &_o terra_fw-la careat_fw-la siquis_fw-la vero_fw-la diabolo_fw-it instigante_fw-la etc._n etc._n charter_n the_o sum_n of_o all_o aforesaid_a be_v that_o the_o bishop_n tenant_n shall_v pay_v and_o do_v as_o follow_v first_o that_o they_o shall_v perform_v all_o duty_n that_o belong_v to_o horseman_n that_o they_o shall_v pay_v all_o thing_n that_o be_v due_a unto_o the_o church_n and_o perform_v all_o other_o right_n that_o belong_v to_o it_o that_o they_o shall_v swear_v to_o be_v in_o all_o humble_a subjection_n at_o the_o command_n of_o the_o bishop_n as_o long_o as_o they_o shall_v hold_v these_o land_n of_o he_o that_o as_o often_o as_o the_o occasion_n of_o the_o bishop_n shall_v so_o require_v they_o shall_v present_v themselves_o to_o be_v ready_a for_o it_o and_o shall_v both_o furnish_v he_o with_o horse_n and_o ride_v themselves_o that_o of_o their_o own_o accord_n they_o shall_v be_v ready_a to_o perform_v all_o the_o work_n about_o the_o steeple_n of_o that_o church_n and_o for_o the_o build_n of_o castle_n and_o bridges_n that_o they_o shall_v ready_o help_v to_o fence_v in_o the_o bishop_n park_n and_o to_o furnish_v he_o with_o hunt_v weapon_n when_o he_o go_v a_o hunt_n that_o in_o many_o other_o case_n when_o the_o occasion_n of_o the_o lord_n bishop_n shall_v require_v whether_o it_o be_v for_o his_o own_o service_n or_o for_o the_o king_n service_n they_o shall_v in_o all_o humbleness_n and_o subjection_n be_v obedient_a to_o the_o chief_a captain_n or_o leader_n of_o the_o bishopric_n for_o the_o grant_v benefit_n do_v unto_o they_o and_o the_o quantity_n of_o land_n which_o every_o one_o of_o they_o possess_v that_o after_o the_o expiration_n of_o the_o three_o life_n the_o land_n shall_v return_v again_o to_o the_o bishopric_n that_o if_o there_o be_v any_o defect_n in_o perform_v the_o premise_n by_o reason_n that_o some_o shall_v vary_v or_o break_v the_o agreement_n the_o delinquent_n shall_v make_v satisfaction_n according_a to_o the_o justice_n of_o the_o bishop_n or_o shall_v forfeit_v the_o land_n which_o he_o have_v of_o his_o gift_n i_o suppose_v that_o this_o be_v the_o common_a manner_n of_o grant_n and_o reservation_n in_o those_o
time_n and_o that_o they_o be_v not_o make_v otherwise_o than_o for_o life_n or_o three_o life_n for_o so_o i_o find_v they_o in_o the_o abby-book_n and_o i_o also_o suppose_v that_o they_o to_o who_o these_o land_n be_v grant_v be_v the_o thani_n episcopi_fw-la &_o thani_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la speak_v of_o in_o doomsday-book_n and_o that_o the_o land_n themselves_o be_v such_o as_o in_o the_o same_o book_n be_v usual_o call_v thain-land_n ecclesiae_fw-la episcopi_fw-la and_o abbatis_n but_o i_o see_v they_o be_v lade_v with_o many_o service_n which_o the_o land_n of_o the_o king_n thane_n in_o respect_n of_o his_o dignity_n and_o person_n be_v free_a from_o therefore_o when_o this_o very_a bishop_n by_o another_o charter_n grant_v tres_fw-la cassatas_fw-la three_o hide_n of_o land_n in_o cungle_v cuidam_fw-la ministro_fw-la regis_fw-la to_o one_o of_o the_o king_n thanes_z name_v alfwold_n and_o to_o his_o mother_n if_o she_o survive_v during_o their_o life_n he_o put_v no_o service_n upon_o the_o king_n thane_n but_o say_v plena_fw-la glorietur_fw-la libertate_fw-la excepta_fw-la expeditione_n rata_fw-la pontis_fw-la arcisve_fw-la constructione_n the_o common_a exception_n in_o grant_n unto_o the_o king_n thanes_z as_o before_z appear_z and_o yet_o the_o service_n thereby_o except_v belong_v not_o either_o to_o the_o bishop_n or_o the_o king_n himself_o otherwise_o than_o pro_fw-la bono_fw-mi publico_fw-la and_o common_a necessity_n after_o all_o this_o i_o beat_v still_o upon_o the_o old_a string_n that_o here_o yet_o be_v nothing_o to_o prove_v wardship_n or_o marriage_n or_o as_o the_o law_n then_o stand_v a_o tenure_n by_o knights-service_n for_o we_o have_v make_v it_o manifest_v that_o expedition_n and_o build_n of_o castle_n and_o bridges_n be_v no_o feodal_n service_n nor_o grow_v by_o tenure_n and_o as_o for_o these_o that_o be_v tie_v to_o ride_v and_o go_v up_o and_o down_o with_o their_o lord_n baraterius_n a_o old_a 8._o feudist_n say_v that_o a_o knight_n fee_n may_v be_v give_v so_o ut_fw-la vassallus_fw-la in_o diebus_fw-la festivis_fw-la cum_fw-la uxore_fw-la domini_fw-la ad_fw-la ecclesiam_fw-la vadat_fw-la and_o the_o feudal_a law_n itself_o infer_v as_o much_o lib._n 2._o tit._n 3._o but_o our_o bracton_n speak_v of_o our_o law_n here_o in_o england_n the_o invest_v feud_n in_o his_o time_n touch_v such_o tenant_n call_v they_o rodknight_n alias_o radknight_n lib._n 2._o cap._n 35._o nu_fw-la 6._o ut_fw-la siquis_fw-la debeat_fw-la equitare_fw-la cum_fw-la domino_fw-la svo_fw-la de_fw-la manerio_fw-la in_o manerium_fw-la and_o say_v not_o that_o it_o be_v knight-service_n but_o that_o it_o be_v a_o serjantie_n and_o that_o although_o such_o sometime_o do_v homage_n yet_o the_o lord_n shall_v not_o have_v ward_n and_o marriage_n admit_v notwithstanding_o that_o it_o be_v knight-service_n and_o that_o the_o land_n thus_o hold_v be_v knight_n fee_n during_o the_o life_n of_o the_o tenant_n yet_o where_o be_v the_o wardship_n marriage_n and_o relief_n who_o shall_v undergo_v these_o servitude_n since_o the_o tenure_n and_o all_o the_o service_n be_v determine_v with_o the_o life_n of_o the_o tenant_n chap._n xxvii_o inducement_n to_o the_o conclusion_n see_v then_o that_o neither_o the_o great_a thanes_z nor_o the_o lesser_a thanes_z among_o the_o saxon_n be_v subject_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o our_o knight-service_n upon_o who_o then_o if_o it_o be_v in_o use_n among_o they_o do_v it_o lie_v for_o as_o touch_v the_o clergy_n it_o be_v say_v in_o the_o law_n of_o edw._n the_o confessor_n cap._n 11._o that_o the_o king_n and_o the_o people_n magis_fw-la in_o ecclesiae_fw-la confidebant_fw-la orationibus_fw-la quam_fw-la in_o armorum_fw-la defensionibus_fw-la and_o the_o report_n itself_o confess_v pag._n 3._o in_o pede_fw-la that_o the_o possession_n of_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n be_v first_o make_v subject_n to_o knight-service_n in_o capite_fw-la by_o william_n the_o conqueror_n in_o the_o four_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n for_o their_o land_n be_v hold_v in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o saxon_n in_o pura_fw-la &_o libera_fw-la eleemosyna_fw-la free_a ab_fw-la omni_fw-la servitio_fw-la seculari_fw-la etc._n etc._n though_o this_o be_v not_o true_a in_o the_o latter_a part_n be_v strict_o take_v for_o no_o doubt_n their_o land_n be_v subject_a to_o the_o trinodi_fw-la necessitati_fw-la viz._n expeditioni_fw-la pontis_fw-la arcisque_fw-la constructioni_fw-la as_o before_o appear_v yet_o come_v it_o very_o fit_o to_o my_o purpose_n for_o hereby_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o if_o the_o trinodis_fw-la necessitas_fw-la make_v no_o tenure_n by_o knight-service_n or_o in_o capite_fw-la in_o the_o church_n land_n than_o neither_o do_v it_o in_o the_o thaneland_n as_o before_o we_o have_v show_v and_o then_o much_o less_o in_o the_o land_n of_o churl_n and_o husbandman_n common_o call_v the_o socmanni_n for_o it_o be_v agree_v on_o all_o hand_n that_o their_o land_n be_v hold_v no_o otherwise_o than_o by_o socage_n therefore_o if_o all_o kent_n in_o the_o saxon_n time_n be_v gavelkind_a then_o can_v there_o be_v no_o tenor_n by_o knight-service_n in_o all_o that_o county_n for_o glanvil_n lib._n 7._o c._n 3._o tell_v we_o that_o where_o the_o inheritance_n be_v divideable_a among_o the_o son_n it_o be_v socage_n and_o his_o reason_n be_v because_o that_o where_o it_o be_v hold_v by_o knight-service_n the_o primogenitus_fw-la succedit_fw-la in_o toto_fw-la this_o kentish_a custom_n be_v ab_fw-la initio_fw-la the_o general_a law_n of_o england_n and_o of_o all_o nation_n jew_n 2_o greek_n roman_n and_o the_o rest_n and_o so_o continue_v even_o till_o this_o day_n where_o the_o feodal_n law_n have_v not_o alter_v it_o which_o first_o happen_v here_o in_o england_n when_o the_o norman_n introduce_v their_o feud_n settle_v the_o whole_a inheritance_n of_o they_o upon_o the_o elder_a son_n which_o the_o ancient_a feodal_n law_n itself_o do_v not_o as_o we_o before_o have_v note_v till_o feud_n be_v grow_v perpetual_a the_o reason_n as_o i_o take_v it_o that_o beget_v this_o alteration_n be_v for_o that_o while_o the_o feud_n do_v descend_v in_o gavelkind_a to_o the_o son_n and_o nephew_n of_o the_o feodatorie_n the_o service_n be_v suspend_v till_o the_o lord_n have_v choose_v which_o of_o the_o son_n he_o will_v have_v for_o his_o tenant_n and_o then_o it_o be_v uncertain_a whether_o the_o party_n choose_v will_v accept_v of_o the_o feud_n or_o not_o for_o sometime_o there_o may_v be_v reason_n to_o refuse_v it_o to_o return_v where_o i_o leave_v it_o make_v to_o the_o proof_n of_o all_o this_o that_o have_v be_v say_v and_o for_o conclusion_n seem_v to_o be_v unanswerable_a that_o the_o old_a inheritance_n which_o in_o the_o saxon_n time_n belong_v to_o the_o crown_n call_v in_o doomsday_n terra_fw-la regis_fw-la and_o in_o the_o law_n book_n ancient_a demesne_n contain_v a_o great_a part_n of_o every_o county_n have_v not_o any_o land_n within_o it_o or_o within_o any_o manor_n thereof_o hold_v by_o knight-service_n for_o fitz-herbert_n d._n say_v that_o nul_fw-fr terres_fw-la sont_fw-fr ancient_a demesne_fw-la forsque_fw-la terres_fw-la tenus_fw-la en_fw-fr socage_n and_o therefore_o if_o the_o tenant_n in_o ancient_a demesne_n will_v claim_v to_o hold_v of_o the_o lord_n by_o knights-service_n it_o be_v good_a cause_n to_o remove_v the_o plea_n because_o that_o no_o land_n hold_v of_o a_o manor_n which_o be_v ancient_a demesne_n be_v hold_v by_o other_o service_n of_o the_o lord_n than_o by_o socage_n for_o the_o tenant_n in_o ancient_a demesne_n be_v call_v socmanni_n that_o be_v to_o say_v tenant_n deal_v carve_v angl._n le_fw-fr plough_n thus_o far_o fitz-herbert_n now_o if_o in_o the_o manor_n of_o the_o king_n himself_o there_o be_v then_o no_o land_n hold_v by_o knight-service_n throughout_o all_o england_n it_o will_v then_o in_o all_o probability_n follow_v that_o there_o be_v none_o likewise_o among_o his_o subject_n in_o the_o saxon_n time_n and_o consequent_o that_o our_o feudal_n law_n be_v not_o introduce_v before_o the_o conquest_n mr._n cambden_n by_o their_o own_o confession_n be_v of_o the_o same_o opinion_n and_o mr._n selden_n himself_o who_o they_o allege_v against_o i_o be_v clear_o with_o i_o as_o before_o i_o have_v show_v if_o these_o our_o three_o opinion_n avail_v nothing_o we_o have_v yet_o a_o four_o to_o strengthen_v bracton_n we_o great_a bracton_n the_o most_o learned_a in_o our_o ancient_a law_n and_o custom_n that_o have_v be_v in_o this_o kingdom_n who_o speak_v of_o forinsecum_fw-la servitium_fw-la as_o the_o genus_fw-la to_o these_o tenor_n say_v lib._n 2._o cap._n 16._o nu._n 7._o fol._n 36._o a._n that_o it_o be_v call_v regale_n servitium_fw-la quia_fw-la spectat_fw-la ad_fw-la dominum_fw-la regem_fw-la &_o non_fw-la ad_fw-la alium_fw-la &_o secundum_fw-la quod_fw-la in_o conquestu_fw-la fuit_fw-la adinventum_fw-la here_o bracton_n also_o refer_v the_o invention_n to_o the_o conquest_n but_o the_o report_n wave_v his_o opinion_n as_o well_o as_o we_o notwithstanding_o