the_o complete_a husbandman_n or_o a_o discourse_n of_o the_o whole_a art_n of_o husbandry_n both_o foreign_a and_o domestic_a wherein_o many_o rare_a and_o most_o hide_a secret_n and_o experiment_n be_v lay_v open_a to_o the_o view_n of_o all_o for_o the_o enrich_n of_o these_o nation_n unto_o which_o be_v add_v a_o particular_a discourse_n of_o the_o natural_a history_n and_o hubandry_n of_o ireland_n by_o samuel_n hartlib_n esq_n london_n print_v and_o be_v to_o be_v sell_v by_o edward_n brewster_n at_o the_o crane_n in_o paul_n churchyard_n 1659._o to_o the_o reader_n courteaus_a reader_n the_o discourse_n which_o i_o do_v former_o publish_v concern_v the_o brabant-husbandry_n be_v somewhat_o imperfect_a nor_o be_v the_o author_n thereof_o then_o know_v unto_o i_o but_o since_o i_o have_v learn_v who_o the_o author_n be_v i_o have_v also_o light_v upon_o a_o more_o perfect_a copy_n which_o i_o intend_v to_o offer_v to_o the_o public_a in_o a_o second_o edition_n that_o such_o as_o 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integrity_n may_v be_v make_v public_a steward_n or_o surveyor_n one_o of_o the_o husbandry_n the_o othet_n of_o the_o wood_n of_o this_o commonwealth_n and_o impower_v to_o oversee_v and_o take_v care_n of_o the_o preservation_n of_o what_o be_v and_o by_o all_o good_a improvement_n to_o procure_v and_o provide_v for_o what_o be_v want_v to_o the_o present_a age_n and_o except_o some_o such_o expedient_n be_v use_v it_o be_v more_o than_o likely_a will_v be_v want_v to_o succeed_a age_n 2_o that_o according_a to_o the_o usual_a custom_n of_o flaunders_n a_o law_n may_v be_v make_v of_o let_v and_o hire_v lease_n upon_o improvement_n where_o the_o manner_n be_v that_o the_o farmer_n covenant_v on_o his_o part_n to_o improve_v the_o land_n to_o such_o or_o such_o a_o great_a rent_n by_o a_o orderly_a and_o excellent_a management_n of_o husbandry_n as_o well_o as_o build_n the_o landlord_n on_o the_o other_o side_n covenant_v on_o his_o part_n at_o the_o expiration_n of_o the_o say_a lease_n to_o give_v so_o many_o year_n purchase_v of_o the_o improvement_n according_a to_o the_o agreement_n which_o be_v 3_o or_o 4_o year_n or_o sometime_o more_o or_o to_o give_v out_o of_o it_o such_o a_o parcel_n or_o moiety_n of_o ground_n as_o if_o land_n former_o go_v for_o 6._o s_o a_o acre_n be_v upon_o improvement_n worth_a 10._o s_o or_o 13._o s_o 4._o d_o a_o acre_n the_o landlord_n be_v to_o give_v 4._o or_o 5._o s_o upon_o every_o acre_n more_o or_o less_o according_a to_o the_o agreement_n if_o it_o please_v god_n to_o bless_v these_o motion_n and_o that_o according_o the_o national_n husbandry_n of_o this_o commonwealth_n be_v improve_v we_o may_v hope_v through_o god_n blessing_n to_o see_v better_a day_n and_o to_o be_v able_a to_o bear_v necessary_a and_o public_a burden_n with_o more_o ease_n to_o ourselves_o and_o benefit_n to_o humane_a society_n then_o hitherto_o we_o can_v attain_v unto_o which_o more_a and_o more_o to_o advance_v in_o reference_n to_o a_o public_a and_o universal_a interest_n as_o subordinate_a to_o high_a thing_n and_o which_o though_o less_o visible_a and_o sensible_a be_v more_o permanent_a and_o to_o true_o rational_a and_o spiritual_a husbandman_n as_o perceptible_a shall_v be_v the_o uncessant_a prayer_n and_o endeavour_n of_o thy_o faithful_a servant_n samuel_n hartlib_n sir_n richard_n weston_n late_o of_o sutton_n in_o the_o county_n of_o surrey_n his_o legacy_n to_o his_o son_n etc._n etc._n anno_fw-la dom._n 1645._o my_o son_n i_o have_v leave_v this_o short_a ensue_a treatise_n to_o you_o as_o a_o legacy_n if_o i_o shall_v not_o live_v myself_o to_o show_v you_o what_o therein_o be_v write_v by_o example_n which_o i_o know_v instruct_v far_o more_o than_o precept_n yet_o precept_n from_o a_o die_a father_n instruct_v of_o his_o child_n what_o he_o have_v see_v and_o know_v and_o receive_v information_n of_o from_o witness_n free_a from_o all_o exception_n shall_v make_v such_o a_o impression_n on_o they_o as_o at_o least_o to_o believe_v their_o father_n write_v what_o he_o think_v be_v true_a and_o therefore_o suppose_v those_o thing_n worthy_a to_o be_v put_v in_o practice_n by_o they_o which_o he_o himself_o will_v have_v do_v if_o it_o have_v please_v god_n to_o have_v grant_v he_o life_n and_o liberty_n especial_o see_v the_o matter_n itself_o which_o be_v require_v by_o he_o to_o be_v do_v be_v in_o show_v so_o profitable_a and_o so_o easy_a to_o be_v effect_v &_o with_o so_o little_a charge_n consider_v the_o great_a gain_n that_o be_v propose_v by_o it_o that_o not_o any_o thing_n can_v restrain_v a_o rational_a man_n from_o trial_n thereof_o but_o not_o give_v credit_n to_o the_o relator_n the_o whole_a discourse_n show_v you_o how_o to_o improve_v barren_a &_o heathy_a land_n &_o how_o to_o raise_v more_o than_o ordinary_a profit_n thereof_o by_o such_o way_n and_o mean_n as_o be_v not_o practise_v in_o england_n but_o as_o common_o in_o some_o part_n of_o brabant_n &_o flaunders_n as_o the_o husbandry_n of_o wheat_n &_o rye_n be_v here_o by_o that_o mean_v you_o may_v noble_o augment_v your_o estate_n and_o will_v receive_v so_o much_o the_o more_o profit_n &_o praise_n by_o how_o with_o more_o industry_n &_o diligence_n you_o govern_v your_o affair_n and_o will_v not_o only_o be_v imitate_v but_o also_o honour_v by_o your_o neighbour_n when_o they_o shall_v see_v your_o labour_n prosper_v so_o far_o as_o to_o convert_v barren_a &_o heathy_a ground_n leave_v un-husbanded_n for_o many_o age_n into_z as_o commodious_a arable_a land_n with_o pasture_n and_o meadow_n as_o any_o be_v in_o this_o kingdom_n and_o certain_o that_o man_n be_v worthy_a of_o praise_n and_o honour_n who_o be_v possess_v of_o a_o large_a &_o barren_a demean_v constrain_v it_o by_o his_o labour_n and_o industry_n to_o produce_v extraordinary_a fruit_n which_o redound_v not_o only_o to_o his_o own_o particular_a profit_n but_o also_o to_o the_o public_a benefit_n cato_n say_v it_o be_v a_o great_a shame_n to_o a_o man_n not_o to_o leave_v his_o inheritance_n great_a to_o his_o successor_n then_o he_o receive_v it_o from_o his_o predecessor_n and_o that_o he_o despise_v the_o liberality_n of_o god_n who_o by_o slothfulness_n lose_v that_o which_o his_o land_n may_v bring_v forth_o as_o not_o seem_v willing_a to_o reap_v the_o fruit_n which_o god_n have_v offer_v he_o nay_o he_o threaten_v the_o crime_n of_o high_a treason_n to_o those_o that_o do_v not_o augment_v their_o patrimony_n so_o much_o as_o the_o increase_n surmount_v the_o principal_a it_o be_v a_o thing_n much_o celebrate_v by_o antiquity_n &_o think_v the_o noble_a way_n to_o gather_v wealth_n for_o to_o employ_v one_o wit_n &_o money_n upon_o his_o land_n and_o by_o that_o mean_n to_o augment_v his_o estate_n if_o you_o observe_v the_o common_a
peculiar_a propriety_n to_o every_o kind_n of_o earth_n to_o produce_v some_o peculiar_a kind_n of_o plant_n which_o it_o will_v observe_v even_o to_o the_o world_n end_n unless_o by_o dung_n marle_n chalk_n you_o alter_v even_o the_o very_a nature_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o gallitia_n in_o spain_n where_o such_o barren_a land_n do_v very_o much_o abound_v they_o do_v thus_o first_o they_o grub_n they_o up_o as_o clean_a as_o they_o can_v of_o the_o great_a root_n and_o branch_n they_o make_v firewood_n the_o small_a stick_n be_v either_o employ_v in_o fence_v or_o else_o be_v burn_v on_o the_o ground_n afterward_o the_o land_n be_v plough_v twice_o at_o least_o they_o sow_v wheat_n and_o usual_o the_o crop_n be_v great_a which_o the_o landlord_n and_o tenant_n divide_v according_a to_o a_o compact_n then_o the_o ground_n rest_v and_o in_o 3_o or_o 4_o year_n the_o furze_n or_o broom_n will_v recover_v their_o former_a growth_n which_o the_o painful_a husbandman_n grub_v and_o do_v with_o it_o as_o former_o i_o set_v this_o down_o that_o you_o may_v see_v how_o laborious_a the_o spaniard_n be_v in_o some_o place_n the_o poverty_n of_o the_o country_n compel_v he_o to_o it_o 7_o there_o be_v other_o inconvenience_n in_o land_n beside_o weed_n and_o trumpery_n viz._n ill_a tenor_n as_o copyhold_a knight-service_n etc._n etc._n so_o that_o the_o possessor_n can_v cut_v any_o timber_n down_o without_o consent_n of_o the_o lord_n and_o when_o he_o die_v must_v pay_v one_o or_o two_o year_n rent_n but_o these_o be_v not_o in_o the_o power_n of_o the_o poor_a husbandman_n to_o remedy_n i_o therefore_o pass_v they_o by_o yet_o hope_v that_o in_o little_a time_n we_o shall_v see_v these_o inconvenience_n remedy_v because_o they_o much_o discourage_v improvement_n and_o be_v as_o i_o suppose_v badge_n of_o our_o norman_a slavery_n to_o conclude_v it_o seem_v to_o i_o very_o reasonable_a and_o it_o will_v be_v a_o great_a encouragement_n to_o laborious_a man_n to_o improve_v their_o barren_a land_n if_o that_o they_o shall_v have_v recompense_n for_o what_o they_o have_v do_v according_a as_o indifferent_a man_n shall_v judge_v when_o they_o leave_v it_o as_o be_v the_o custom_n in_o flaunders_n i_o have_v likewise_o observe_v some_o deficiency_n in_o wood_n wood_n which_o i_o shall_v brief_o declare_v with_o the_o best_a way_n to_o remedy_n the_o same_o 1_o it_o be_v a_o great_a fault_n that_o general_o through_o the_o island_n the_o wood_n be_v destroy_v so_o that_o we_o be_v in_o many_o place_n very_o much_o necessitate_v both_o for_o fuel_n &_o also_o for_o timber_n for_o building_n and_o other_o use_n so_o that_o if_o we_o have_v not_o coal_n from_o newcastle_n and_o board_n from_o norwey_n plough-stave_n and_o pipe-stave_n from_o prussia_n we_o shall_v be_v bring_v to_o great_a extremity_n and_o many_o mechanickes_n will_v be_v necessitate_v to_o leave_v their_o calling_n 2_o deficiency_n be_v that_o our_o wood_n be_v not_o order_v as_o they_o shall_v be_v but_o though_o wood_n be_v especial_o preserve_v for_o timber_n for_o building_n and_o ship_n yet_o at_o this_o time_n it_o be_v very_o rare_a to_o see_v a_o good_a timber-tree_n in_o a_o wood._n 3_o that_o many_o of_o our_o wood_n be_v very_o thin_a and_o not_o replenish_v with_o such_o sort_n of_o wood_n as_o be_v convenient_a for_o the_o place_n 4_o that_o we_o sell_v continual_o and_o never_o plant_v or_o take_v care_n for_o posterity_n these_o deficiency_n may_v be_v thus_o remedy_v 1_o to_o put_v in_o execution_n the_o statute_n against_o grub_v of_o wood_n which_o be_v sufficient_o severe_a it_o be_v well_o know_v we_o have_v good_a law_n but_o it_o be_v better_o know_v they_o be_v not_o execute_v in_o the_o wild_a of_o kent_n and_o sussex_n which_o lie_v far_o from_o the_o river_n and_o sea_n and_o former_o have_v be_v nothing_o but_o wood_n liberty_n be_v grant_v for_o man_n to_o grub_v what_o they_o please_v for_o they_o can_v want_v fire_v for_o themselves_o and_o they_o be_v so_o seat_v that_o neither_o firewood_n nor_o timber_n can_v be_v transport_v elsewhere_o i_o know_v a_o gentleman_n who_o proffer_v their_o good_a oak-timber_n at_o 6_o s_z 8_o d_o per_fw-mi tun_n and_o the_o land_n in_o those_o part_n in_o general_n be_v very_o good_a about_o tunbridge_n there_o be_v land_n which_o former_o be_v wood_n be_v now_o let_v for_o 30_o s_o per_fw-la be_v so_o that_o to_o keep_v such_o land_n for_o wood_n will_v be_v both_o loss_n to_o the_o owner_n and_o to_o the_o island_n but_o in_o other_o part_n of_o the_o island_n it_o be_v otherwise_o and_o man_n be_v much_o to_o be_v blame_v for_o destroy_v both_o timber_n and_o fuel_n i_o have_v see_v at_o shooters-hill_n near_o london_n some_o wood_n stub_a up_o which_o be_v good_a ground_n for_o wood_n but_o now_o be_v nothing_o but_o furze_n which_o be_v a_o great_a loss_n both_o to_o the_o owner_n and_o to_o the_o country_n for_o the_o land_n be_v make_v worse_o than_o it_o be_v former_o i_o conceive_v there_o be_v land_n which_o be_v as_o natural_o ordain_v for_o wood_n viz._n mountainous_a craggy_a uneven_a land_n as_o small_a hill_n for_o the_o vine_n and_o olive_n plain_a land_n for_o corn_n and_o low_o moist_a land_n for_o pasture_n which_o land_n if_o they_o be_v stub_a do_v much_o prejudice_n the_o commonwealth_n 2_o that_o all_o wood_n shall_v have_v such_o a_o number_n of_o timber-tree_n per_fw-la acre_n according_a to_o the_o statute_n there_o be_v a_o good_a law_n for_o that_o purpose_n but_o man_n delude_v both_o themselves_o and_o the_o law_n that_o they_o every_o fell_v cut_v down_o the_o stander_n which_o they_o leave_v the_o foll_n before_o lest_o perchance_o they_o shall_v grow_v to_o be_v timber_n and_o leave_v 12_o small_a stander_n that_o they_o may_v seem_v to_o fulfil_v in_o some_o measure_n the_o statute_n but_o it_o be_v a_o mere_a fallacy_n and_o cause_v the_o statute_n to_o fail_v of_o its_o principal_a end_n which_o be_v to_o preserve_v timber_n 3_o the_o best_a remedy_n against_o thinness_n of_o wood_n be_v to_o plash_n they_o and_o spread_v they_o abroad_o and_o cover_v they_o partly_o in_o the_o ground_n as_o every_o countryman_n can_v direct_v by_o this_o mean_v the_o wood_n will_v soon_o grow_v rough_a and_o thick_a it_o be_v good_a husbandry_n likewise_o to_o fill_v your_o wood_n with_o swift_a grower_n as_o ash_n sallow_a willow_n asp_n which_o be_v also_o good_a for_o hop-pole_n hoop_n sycamore_n be_v also_o a_o swift_a grower_n in_o flaunders_n they_o have_v a_o kind_n of_o salix_fw-la call_v by_o they_o abell-tree_n which_o speedliy_v grow_v to_o be_v timber_n 4_o that_o some_o law_n be_v make_v that_o they_o which_o fall_v shall_v also_o plant_v or_o sow_v in_o biscay_n there_o be_v a_o law_n if_o that_o any_o cut_v down_o a_o timber-tree_n he_o must_v plant_v three_o for_o it_o which_o law_n be_v put_v into_o execution_n with_o severity_n otherwise_o they_o will_v soon_o be_v undo_v for_o the_o country_n be_v very_o mountainous_a and_o barren_a and_o depend_v whole_o on_o iron_n mine_n and_o on_o ship_n their_o wood_n be_v not_o copse_v there_o but_o only_o pollard_n which_o they_o lop_v when_o occasion_n serve_v i_o know_v one_o who_o be_v bind_v by_o his_o landlord_n to_o plant_v so_o many_o tree_n yearly_a which_o according_a he_o do_v but_o always_o in_o such_o place_n that_o they_o may_v not_o grow_v in_o france_n near_o to_o the_o border_n of_o spain_n they_o sow_v ashkey_n which_o when_o they_o grow_v to_o such_o a_o greatness_n that_o they_o may_v be_v slit_v into_o four_o quarter_n and_o big_a enough_o to_o make_v pike_n than_o they_o cut_v they_o down_o and_o i_o have_v see_v divers_a acre_n together_o thus_o plant_v hence_o come_v the_o excellent_a pikss_n call_v spanish-pike_n some_o gentleman_n have_v sow_v acorn_n and_o it_o be_v a_o good_a way_n to_o increase_v wood_n though_o the_o time_n be_v long_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o every_o one_o know_v that_o it_o be_v excellent_a to_o plant_v willow_n along_o the_o water_n side_n and_o ash_n nigh_o their_o house_n for_o fire_v for_o they_o be_v good_a piece_n of_o husbandry_n and_o it_o be_v pity_n that_o it_o be_v not_o more_o put_v in_o practice_n there_o be_v a_o gentleman_n in_o essex_n who_o have_v plant_v so_o many_o willow_n that_o he_o may_v lop_v 2000_o every_o year_n if_o other_o be_v as_o ingenious_a we_o shall_v not_o want_v firewood_n osier_n plant_v in_o low_a morish_a ground_n do_v advance_v land_n from_o 5_o s_o per_fw-la acre_n to_o 40_o s_o 50_o s_o 3_o l_o and_o upward_a it_o be_v much_o use_v westward_o of_o london_n these_o osier_n be_v of_o great_a use_n to_o basket-maker_n there_o be_v a_o sort_n of_o small_a osier_n or_o willow_n at_o saint_n omars_n in_o
fire-stone_n because_o that_o they_o will_v endure_v strong_a fire_n and_o therefore_o fit_a for_o iron_n furnace_n and_o this_o propriety_n these_o soft_a stone_n have_v that_o when_o they_o be_v white_a hot_a a_o steel_n instrument_n will_v scarce_o touch_v they_o to_o hurt_v they_o alabaster_n be_v find_v at_o burton_n on_o the_o trent_n and_o in_o staffordshire_n and_o a_o titbury-castle_n excellent_a marble_n at_o snothil_n in_o hereford-shire_n a_o course_n marble_n near_o oxford_n in_o kent_n also_o at_o purbrick_n in_o dorsetshire_n millstone_n in_o anglesey_n in_o flintshire_n darbyshire_n lime-stone_n chalk_v in_o very_a many_o place_n for_o divers_a use_n allum-stone_n be_v find_v in_o anglesey_n but_o especial_o at_o gisborrow_n in_o yorkshire_n where_o the_o alum_n work_n be_v which_o serve_v this_o island_n lapis_n claminaris_n be_v late_o find_v in_o somersetshire_n by_o the_o which_o copper_n be_v make_v brass_n manganese_n for_o those_o that_o make_v white_a glass_n 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for_o brick_n this_o clay_n for_o pot_n this_o marl_n for_o corn-land_n and_o if_o that_o they_o shall_v find_v any_o stone_n earth_n which_o they_o know_v not_o that_o they_o will_v lay_v they_o up_o till_o that_o they_o meet_v with_o some_o ingenious_a man_n that_o can_v inform_v they_o the_o rich_a mine_n of_o the_o world_n have_v be_v find_v out_o by_o these_o mean_n if_o we_o will_v believe_v history_n and_o this_o i_o be_o sure_a of_o that_o by_o this_o mean_n they_o may_v much_o advance_v their_o knowledge_n and_o be_v more_o profitable_a to_o the_o public_a their_o neighbour_n and_o also_o to_o themselves_o 17._o deficiency_n be_v the_o ignorance_n of_o the_o vegetable_n of_o this_o island_n use_v and_o their_o virtue_n and_o use_v and_o the_o first_o deficiency_n that_o i_o take_v notice_n of_o be_v the_o ignorance_n of_o the_o ordinary_a seed_n which_o be_v common_o sow_v among_o we_o for_o usual_o the_o countryman_n content_v himself_o with_o one_o or_o two_o sort_n and_o know_v no_o more_o when_o as_o there_o be_v very_o great_a variety_n some_o of_o which_o agree_v with_o one_o sort_n of_o ground_n some_o with_o another_o as_o for_o example_n there_o be_v very_o many_o sort_n of_o wheat_n some_o call_v white_a wheat_n some_o red_a wheat_n some_o beard_a which_o as_o i_o have_v say_v before_o be_v not_o so_o subject_a to_o mildew_n as_o other_o other_o not_o some_o sort_n with_o 2._o row_n other_o with_o 4._o and_o 6._o some_o with_o one_o ear_n on_o a_o stalk_n other_o with_o double_a ear_n or_o 2._o on_o the_o same_o stalk_n red_a stalk_n wheat_n of_o buckinghamshire_n winter_n wheat_n summer_n wheat_n which_o be_v sow_v abundant_o in_o new-england_n in_o april_n and_o may_n and_o reap_v ordinarl_o in_o 3._o month_n and_o many_o sort_n more_o not_o to_o trouble_v my_o discourse_n with_o spelt_n zea_n tiphine-wheat_n or_o olew_v far_o siligo_fw-la alica_n which_o be_v use_v among_o the_o ancient_n but_o now_o unknown_a not_o only_o to_o the_o countryman_n but_o even_o to_o the_o learnede_a botanic_n so_o i_o may_v say_v that_o the_o ordinary_a yeoman_n be_v ignorant_a of_o the_o diversity_n of_o barley_n for_o there_o be_v not_o only_o the_o ordinary_a barley_n but_o also_o big_a sprat-bar_o which_o have_v late_o be_v sow_v in_o kent_n with_o good_a profit_n also_o winter-bar_o sow_v in_o winter_n barley_n with_o 4.6_o row_n naked_a barley_n which_o require_v divers_a disposition_n in_o land_n some_o delight_v in_o fine_a other_o in_o stiff_a ground_n so_o there_o be_v also_o winter_n and_o summer-rie_n and_o 20._o sort_n of_o pease_n the_o ordinary_a schew_v the_o raith_n or_o early-ripe_a pease_n the_o roncival_n hastiver_n hotarses_n gray-pease_n green-pease_n pease_n without_o skin_n sugar_n pease_n who_o shell_n be_v sweet_a than_o the_o pease_n itself_o and_o have_v be_v within_o these_o 10._o year_n plentiful_o sow_v in_o lincolnshire_n with_o profit_n also_o fulham_n sandwich-pease_n etc._n etc._n which_o require_v divers_a sort_n of_o land_n and_o season_n so_o also_o there_o be_v divers_a sort_n of_o oat_n white_a black_a naked_a which_o in_o new_a england_n serve_v well_o for_o oatmeal_n without_o grind_v be_v beat_v as_o they_o come_v out_o of_o the_o barn_n scotch_a poland_n etc._n etc._n also_o buck-wheat_n lentile_n divers_a sort_n of_o tare_n of_o hemp_n and_o flax_n altogether_o unknown_a to_o most_o countryman_n but_o i_o hope_v that_o hereafter_o rhey_n will_v be_v more_o inquisitive_a after_o they_o for_o divers_a of_o they_o may_v be_v of_o good_a use_n on_o their_o land_n 2._o defficiency_n in_o this_o kind_n be_v that_o they_o be_v ignorant_a of_o the_o plant_n and_o grass_n which_o natural_o grow_v among_o we_o and_o their_o uses_n which_o likewise_o be_v make_v for_o to_o be_v food_n for_o cattle_n and_o also_o for_o the_o service_n of_o man_n this_o ignorance_n cause_v they_o to_o
course_n of_o thing_n you_o will_v find_v that_o husbandry_n be_v the_o end_n which_o man_n of_o all_o estate_n in_o the_o world_n do_v point_n at_o for_o to_o what_o purpose_n do_v soldier_n scholar_n lawyer_n merchant_n and_o man_n of_o all_o occupation_n and_o trade_n toil_n and_o labour_n with_o great_a affection_n but_o to_o get_v money_n and_o with_o that_o money_n when_o they_o have_v get_v it_o but_o to_o purchase_v land_n and_o to_o what_o end_n do_v they_o buy_v that_o land_n but_o to_o receive_v the_o fruit_n of_o it_o to_o live_v and_o how_o shall_v one_o receive_v the_o fruit_n of_o it_o but_o by_o his_o own_o husbandry_n or_o a_o farmer_n so_o that_o it_o appear_v by_o degree_n that_o what_o course_n soever_o a_o man_n take_v in_o this_o world_n at_o last_o he_o come_v to_o husbandry_n which_o be_v the_o most_o common_a occupation_n among_o man_n the_o most_o natural_a and_o holy_a be_v command_v by_o the_o mouth_n of_o god_n to_o our_o first_o father_n there_o be_v care_n &_o diligence_n requisite_a in_o husbandry_n as_o there_o be_v in_o all_o the_o action_n of_o the_o world_n and_o therefore_o as_o a_o captain_n have_v a_o lieutenant_n to_o command_v his_o soldier_n in_o his_o absence_n or_o for_o his_o ease_n so_o must_v you_o provide_v some_o able_a honest_a man_n to_o who_o you_o will_v commit_v the_o execution_n of_o such_o thing_n as_o you_o yourselves_o can_v do_v without_o too_o much_o labour_n whereof_o you_o must_v often_o take_v a_o account_n and_o confer_v with_o he_o as_o occasion_n shall_v require_v about_o your_o business_n that_o nothing_o may_v be_v leave_v undo_v for_o want_n of_o providence_n to_o such_o a_o man_n you_o must_v give_v good_a wage_n with_o intent_n to_o advance_v your_o own_o gain_n and_o take_v the_o more_o ease_n by_o reason_n of_o his_o honesty_n and_o knowledge_n you_o will_v find_v this_o husbandry_n after_o you_o have_v once_o have_v experience_n of_o it_o to_o be_v very_o please_v to_o you_o and_o so_o 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a_o true_a story_n plain_o set_v forth_o in_o the_o last_o will_n &_o testament_n of_o your_o father_n which_o he_o will_v have_v you_o execute_v but_o before_o all_o thing_n to_o be_v sure_a you_o lay_v the_o foundation_n of_o your_o husbandry_n upon_o the_o blessing_n of_o almighty_n god_n continual_o implore_v his_o divine_a aid_n &_o assistance_n in_o all_o your_o labour_n for_o it_o be_v god_n that_o give_v the_o increase_n and_o believe_v this_o as_o the_o quintessence_n and_o soul_n of_o husbandry_n primum_fw-la quaerite_fw-la regnum_fw-la dei_fw-la &_o postea_fw-la haec_fw-la omne_fw-la adjicientur_fw-la vobis_fw-la these_o thing_n be_v brief_o promise_v i_o will_v leave_v the_o rest_n to_o this_o short_a ensue_a treatise_n and_o commit_v you_o all_o with_o a_o father_n blessing_n to_o the_o protection_n and_o providence_n of_o almighty_a god_n thus_o far_o sir_n richard_n westons_n introduction_n to_o the_o discourse_n of_o brabant_n husbandry_n which_o be_v short_o to_o be_v publish_v in_o a_o sâ—cond_o edition_n correct_v and_o enlarge_v a_o large_a letter_n concern_v the_o defect_n and_o remedy_n of_o english_a husbandry_n write_v to_o mr._n samuel_n hartlib_n sir_n according_a to_o your_o desire_n i_o have_v send_v you_o what_o i_o have_v observe_v in_o france_n about_o the_o sow_v of_o a_o seed_n call_v common_o saint-foine_a which_o in_o english_a be_v as_o much_o to_o say_v as_o holy-hay_a by_o reason_n as_o i_o suppose_v of_o the_o excellency_n of_o it_o it_o be_v call_v by_o parkinson_n in_o his_o herbal_a where_o you_o may_v see_v a_o perfect_a description_n of_o it_o onobrychis_n vulgaris_fw-la or_o cock_n head_n because_o of_o its_o flower_n or_o medick_n fetchling_n by_o some_o it_o be_v call_v polygala_n because_o it_o cause_v cattle_n to_o give_v abundance_n of_o milk_n the_o plant_n most_o like_a unto_o it_o and_o common_o know_v be_v frequent_o sow_v in_o garden_n be_v that_o which_o be_v call_v french_a honeysuckle_n and_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o it_o though_o not_o the_o same_o france_n although_o it_o be_v suppose_v to_o want_v the_o few_o thing_n of_o any_o province_n in_o europe_n yet_o it_o have_v no_o small_a want_n of_o hay_o especial_o about_o paris_n which_o have_v necessitate_v they_o to_o sow_v their_o dry_a and_o barren_a land_n with_o this_o seed_n their_o manner_n of_o sow_v it_o be_v do_v most_o common_o thus_o when_o they_o intend_v to_o let_v their_o corn-land_n lie_v because_o they_o be_v out_o of_o heart_n and_o not_o situate_a in_o a_o place_n convenient_a for_o manure_v than_o they_o sow_v that_o land_n with_o oat_n and_o these_o seed_n together_o about_o equal_a part_n the_o first_o year_n they_o only_o mow_v off_o their_o oat_n leave_v the_o saint_n foin_v to_o take_v root_n and_o strength_n that_o year_n yet_o they_o may_v if_o they_o please_v when_o the_o year_n be_v seasonable_a mow_v it_o the_o same_o year_n it_o be_v sow_v but_o it_o be_v not_o the_o best_a way_n to_o do_v so_o the_o year_n follow_v they_o mow_v it_o and_o so_o do_v seven_o year_n together_o the_o ordinary_a burden_n be_v about_o a_o load_n or_o a_o load_n &_o a_o half_a in_o good_a year_n upon_o a_o arpent_n which_o be_v a_o 100_o square_a pole_n or_o rod_n every_o pole_n or_o rod_n be_v 20_o foot_n which_o quantity_n of_o ground_n be_v nigh_o a_o four_o part_v less_o than_o a_o english_a acre_n within_o a_o league_n of_o paris_n be_v usual_o rent_v at_o 6_o or_o 7_o s_o after_o the_o land_n have_v rest_v 7_o year_n then_o they_o usual_o break_v it_o up_o and_o sow_v it_o with_o corn_n till_o it_o be_v out_o of_o heart_n and_o then_o sow_v it_o with_o saint_n foin_v as_o former_o for_o it_o do_v not_o impoverish_v land_n as_o annual_a plant_n do_v but_o after_o seven_o year_n the_o root_n of_o this_o plant_n be_v great_a and_o sweet_a as_o the_o root_n of_o liquorish_a do_v rot_v be_v turn_v up_o by_o the_o plough_n and_o enrich_v the_o land_n i_o have_v see_v it_o sow_v in_o divers_a place_n here_o in_o 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most_o necessary_a yet_o contemn_v instrument_n and_o for_o every_o part_n thereof_o for_o without_o question_n there_o be_v as_o exact_v rule_n to_o be_v lay_v down_o for_o this_o as_o for_o ship_n and_o other_o thing_n and_o yet_o in_o ship_n how_o have_v we_o within_o these_o 6_o year_n outstripped_n ourselves_o and_o go_v beyond_o all_o nation_n for_o which_o art_n some_o deserve_v eternal_a honour_n and_o why_o may_v we_o not_o in_o this_o i_o know_v a_o gentleman_n who_o now_o be_v beyond_o sea_n where_o he_o excel_v even_o the_o hollander_n in_o their_o own_o business_n of_o drain_n who_o promise_v much_o in_o this_o kind_n and_o i_o think_v he_o be_v able_a to_o perform_v it_o i_o can_v wish_v he_o be_v call_v on_o to_o make_v good_a his_o promise_n in_o china_n it_o be_v ordinary_a to_o have_v wagon_n to_o pass_v up_o and_o down_o without_o horse_n or_o ox_n with_o sail_n as_o ship_n do_v and_o late_o in_o holland_n a_o waggon_n be_v frame_v which_o with_o ordinary_a sail_n 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be_v very_o prejudicious_a 2_o if_o worm_n frost_n ill_a weather_n or_o fowl_n destroy_v any_o part_n of_o your_o seed_n which_o they_o will_v do_v your_o crop_n be_v much_o impair_v 3_o the_o ground_n can_v be_v so_o well_o weed_v and_o the_o mould_n raise_v about_o the_o root_n by_o the_o how_o which_o 3_o inconvenience_n be_v remedy_v by_o the_o other_o way_n further_o i_o dare_v affirm_v that_o after_o the_o ground_n be_v dig_v or_o plough_v and_o harrow_v even_o it_o be_v better_a to_o how_o wheat_n in_o then_o to_o sow_v it_o after_o the_o common_a way_n because_o that_o the_o weed_n may_v be_v easy_o destroy_v by_o run_v the_o how_o through_o it_o in_o the_o spring_n and_o the_o mould_n raise_v about_o the_o root_n of_o the_o corn_n as_o the_o gardiner_n do_v with_o pease_n it_o will_v save_v much_o corn_n in_o dear_a year_n and_o for_o other_o reason_n before_o mention_v yea_o it_o be_v not_o more_o chargeable_a for_o a_o gardener_n will_v how_o in_o a_o acre_n for_o 5_o s_o and_o after_o in_o the_o spring_n for_o less_o money_n run_v it_o over_o with_o a_o how_o and_o cut_v up_o all_o the_o weed_n and_o raise_v the_o mould_n which_o charge_n be_v not_o great_a and_o you_o shall_v save_v above_o a_o bushel_n of_o seed_n which_o in_o dear_a year_n be_v more_o worth_a than_o all_o your_o charge_n further_a 1_o s_o 6_o d_o a_o acre_n for_o the_o sow_a and_o harrow_n of_o a_o acre_n in_o kent_n be_v account_v a_o reasonable_a price_n but_o if_o any_o fear_v charge_n let_v he_o use_v a_o drill-plough_n i_o therefore_o can_v but_o commend_v the_o how_n in_o of_o wheat_n as_o a_o excellent_a piece_n of_o good_a husbandry_n whether_o the_o ground_n be_v dig_v or_o plough_v not_o only_o because_o it_o save_v much_o corn_n employ_v much_o people_n and_o it_o be_v not_o chargeable_a but_o it_o also_o destroy_v all_o weed_n fit_v ground_n for_o after-crop_n and_o cause_v a_o great_a increase_n and_o in_o my_o apprehension_n be_v a_o good_a remedy_n against_o smut_n and_o mildew_n there_o be_v a_o ingenious_a italian_a who_o wonder_v how_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o if_o one_o set_v a_o grain_n of_o corn_n as_o wheat_n barley_n etc._n etc._n it_o usual_o produce_v 300_o or_o 400_o as_o i_o have_v try_v yet_o if_o you_o sow_v wheat_n after_o the_o ordinary_a way_n 6._o or_o 8._o for_o one_o be_v account_v a_o good_a crop_n what_o beccome_v of_o all_o the_o corn_n that_o be_v sow_v when_o as_o the_o 50th_o part_n if_o it_o do_v grow_v will_v be_v sufficient_a for_o answer_v to_o this_o 1_o i_o say_v much_o corn_n be_v sow_v which_o nature_n have_v destinate_a for_o the_o hen_n and_o chicken_n be_v without_o any_o considerable_a vegetative_a faculty_n 2_o wome_n frost_n flood_n crow_n and_o lark_n which_o every_o one_o do_v not_o consider_v to_o devour_v not_o a_o little_a 3_o weed_n as_o poppy_n may-weed_n and_o the_o grass_n grow_v with_o the_o corn_n do_v destroy_v much_o last_o when_o corn_n be_v so_o sow_v after_o the_o ordinary_a manner_n much_o be_v bury_v in_o the_o furrow_n especial_o if_o the_o ground_n be_v grazy_a much_o be_v throw_v on_o heap_n in_o hole_n and_o consequent_o starve_v and_o choke_v one_o another_o most_o of_o these_o inconvenience_n be_v to_o be_v remedy_v by_o this_o way_n of_o set_v and_o how_v in_o of_o corn._n garden_v garden_v though_o it_o be_v a_o wonderful_a improver_n of_o land_n as_o it_o plain_o appear_v by_o this_o that_o they_o give_v extraordinary_a rate_n for_o land_n viz._n from_o 40_o s_o per_fw-la acre_n to_o 9_o pound_n and_o dig_v and_o how_o and_o dung_n their_o land_n which_o cost_v very_o much_o yet_o i_o know_v divers_a which_o by_o
will_v brief_o tell_v what_o i_o have_v see_v in_o italy_n through_o all_o lombardy_n which_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n plain_a and_o champion_n their_o vine_n grow_v in_o their_o hedge_n on_o walnut-tree_n for_o the_o most_o part_n in_o which_o field_n they_o speak_v of_o three_o harvest_n yearly_a viz._n 1_o winter-corn_n which_o be_v reap_v in_o june_n etc._n etc._n 2_o vine_n and_o walnut_n which_o be_v gather_v in_o september_n 3_o their_o summer-graine_n as_o millet_n panicle_n chiche_n vetch_n etc._n etc._n buck-wheat_n frumentone_n or_o that_o which_o we_o call_v virginia-wheat_n turnip_n which_o they_o sow_v in_o july_n when_o their_o winter-corne_n be_v cut_v and_o reap_v they_o reap_v in_o october_n in_o france_n their_o vine_n grow_v thâ—â—e_a manner_n of_o way_n in_o provence_n they_o cut_v the_o vine_n about_o two_o foot_n high_a and_o make_v it_o strong_a and_o stub_a like_a as_o we_o do_v our_o osier_n which_o stock_n bear_v up_o the_o branch_n without_o a_o prop._n 2_o about_o orleans_n and_o where_o they_o be_v more_o curious_a they_o make_v frame_n for_o they_o to_o run_v along_o 3_o about_o paris_n they_o tie_v they_o to_o short_a pole_n as_o we_o do_v hop_n in_o france_n they_o usual_o make_v trench_n or_o small_a ditch_n about_o three_o or_o four_o foot_n from_o one_o another_o and_o therein_o plant_v their_o vine_n about_o one_o and_o a_o half_a deep_a which_o be_v a_o good_a way_n and_o very_o much_o to_o be_v commend_v but_o if_o we_o here_o in_o england_n plant_v vine_n as_o we_o do_v hop_n it_o will_v do_v very_o well_o but_o let_v they_o not_o be_v pack_v together_o too_o thick_a as_o they_o do_v in_o france_n in_o many_o place_n lest_o they_o too_o much_o shade_v the_o ground_n and_o one_o another_o in_o italy_n when_o they_o tread_v their_o grape_n with_o their_o foot_n in_o a_o cart_n they_o pour_v the_o juice_n into_o a_o great_a vessel_n or_o fat_a and_o put_v to_o it_o all_o their_o husk_n and_o stone_n which_o they_o call_v grasp_v and_o let_v they_o ferment_n or_o as_o we_o say_v work_v together_o 12_o or_o 14_o day_n and_o usual_o they_o put_v one_o three_o of_o water_n to_o it_o this_o make_v a_o wine_n less_o furious_a garbo_n or_o rough_a and_o therefore_o a_o good_a stomach_n wine_n but_o it_o spoil_v the_o colour_n and_o take_v away_o the_o pleasant_a brisk_a taste_n in_o france_n so_o soon_o as_o they_o have_v press_v out_o their_o liquor_n with_o their_o foot_n they_o put_v it_o in_o hogshead_n and_o after_o in_o their_o press_n squeeze_v out_o what_o they_o can_v out_o of_o the_o grasp_n which_o serve_v to_o fill_v up_o their_o hogshead_n while_o they_o work_v which_o be_v usual_o three_o or_o four_o day_n and_o then_o stop_v they_o close_o this_o be_v also_o the_o way_n use_v in_o germany_n and_o be_v the_o best_a for_o it_o make_v a_o fine_a gentile_a wine_n with_o a_o curious_a colour_n in_o germany_n when_o their_o grape_n be_v green_a they_o make_v fire_n in_o their_o sellar_n in_o stove_n by_o the_o which_o mean_n their_o wine_n work_v extraordinary_o and_o do_v digest_v themselves_o the_o better_a this_o course_n we_o must_v also_o take_v here_o in_o england_n some_o year_n for_o it_o help_v the_o rawness_n of_o all_o liquor_n very_o much_o there_o be_v a_o ingenious_a dutchman_n who_o have_v a_o secret_a which_o as_o yet_o he_o will_v not_o reveal_v how_o to_o help_v maturation_n by_o a_o compost_n apply_v to_o the_o root_n the_o compost_n which_o i_o have_v speak_v of_o before_o make_v of_o brimstone_n pigeons-dung_n be_v very_o excellent_a for_o that_o purpose_n glâ—uber_n as_o also_o lees_n of_o wine_n blood_n lime_n use_v with_o moderation_n he_o also_o know_v how_o to_o make_v sour_a grape_n produce_v good_a wine_n i_o suppose_v his_o way_n to_o be_v this_o all_o juice_n of_o grape_n new_o express_v be_v sweet_a and_o which_o may_v by_o itself_o alone_o be_v make_v into_o a_o sweet_a syrup_n which_o the_o french_a call_n racineè_n further_o in_o the_o evaporation_n of_o liquor_n which_o have_v not_o ferment_v or_o wrought_v the_o watery_a part_n go_v away_o first_o 3_o fermentation_n give_v a_o vinous_a taste_n and_o make_v a_o liquor_n full_a of_o spirit_n you_o may_v then_o easy_o guess_v at_o the_o way_n and_o perhaps_o he_o may_v add_v also_o some_o sugar_n and_o spice_n as_o the_o vintner_n do_v when_o they_o make_v hippocras_n i_o know_v a_o gentleman_n who_o have_v make_v excellent_a wine_n of_o raisin_n well_o boil_v in_o water_n and_o afterward_o ferment_v by_o itself_o or_o with_o barm_n it_o be_v call_v usual_o medea_n i_o likewise_o know_v that_o all_o sweet_a and_o fatty_a juice_n will_v make_v fine_a vinous_a liquor_n as_o damsin_n if_o they_o be_v wrought_v or_o ferment_v ingenious_o but_o whosoever_o go_v about_o such_o experiment_n let_v he_o not_o think_v that_o any_o thing_n be_v good_a enough_o for_o these_o purpose_n but_o let_v he_o use_v the_o best_a he_o can_v get_v for_o of_o naughty_a corrupt_a thing_n who_o can_v expect_v that_o which_o be_v excellent_a and_o delicate_a flax._n the_o deficiency_n of_o we_o in_o this_o kind_n be_v so_o obvious_a that_o all_o the_o world_n take_v notice_n of_o it_o and_o it_o be_v next_o the_o neglect_n of_o fish_v the_o great_a shame_n to_o this_o narion_n for_o all_o know_v that_o we_o have_v as_o good_a land_n for_o these_o seed_n as_o any_o can_v be_v find_v in_o europe_n and_o that_o the_o sow_v of_o they_o require_v neither_o more_o labour_n cost_n or_o skill_n than_o other_o seed_n and_o further_o that_o the_o material_n make_v from_o these_o be_v extreme_o necessary_a for_o how_o miserable_a shall_v we_o be_v without_o linen_n canvas_n cordage_n net_n how_o can_v we_o put_v our_o ship_n to_o sea_n which_o be_v the_o bulwark_n of_o this_o isle_n and_o yet_o we_o be_v necessitate_v to_o have_v these_o commodity_n from_o those_o who_o will_v destroy_v i_o will_v not_o say_v the_o nation_n but_o i_o may_v bold_o say_v our_o ship_n and_o trade_n i_o hope_v that_o this_o will_v more_o serious_o be_v consider_v by_o those_o at_o the_o helm_n of_o our_o state_n i_o will_v free_o and_o plain_o relate_v how_o this_o deficiency_n may_v easy_o be_v remedy_v according_a to_o my_o judgement_n 1_o to_o compel_v by_o a_o law_n that_o all_o farmer_n who_o plough_n and_o sow_v 50_o or_o 100_o acre_n of_o land_n shall_v sow_v half_o a_o acre_n or_o a_o acre_n of_o hemp_n or_o flax_n or_o to_o pay_v 5_o s_o or_o 10_o s_o to_o the_o poor_a of_o the_o parish_n where_o they_o live_v or_o some_o law_n to_o this_o purpose_n for_o there_o be_v no_o man_n but_o have_v land_n fit_a for_o one_o of_o these_o hemp_n desire_v a_o stiff_a land_n flax_n that_o which_o be_v light_n for_o there_o be_v so_o much_o irrationality_n in_o some_o profession_n that_o they_o must_v be_v force_v even_o like_a brut_v to_o understand_v their_o own_o good_a in_o king_n edward_n the_o 6_o day_n something_o be_v enact_v to_o this_o purpose_n as_o i_o be_o inform_v in_o henry_n the_o eight_o day_n there_o be_v a_o law_n enact_v that_o every_o man_n shall_v sow_v his_o land_n and_o that_o no_o man_n shall_v enclose_v his_o land_n lest_o he_o shall_v turn_v it_o to_o pasture_n for_o we_o have_v have_v great_a dearth_n in_o england_n through_o the_o neglect_n of_o tillage_n which_o law_n even_o as_o yet_o stand_v in_o force_n yet_o there_o be_v nor_o need_v there_o be_v any_o force_n to_o compel_v man_n to_o till_o and_o sow_v their_o land_n for_o they_o have_v at_o length_n find_v the_o sweetness_n and_o willing_o go_v about_o it_o for_o their_o own_o profit_n sake_n and_o now_o we_o suppose_v and_o not_o without_o cause_n that_o enclose_v be_v a_o improvement_n and_o so_o concern_v hemp_n and_o flax_n i_o say_v if_o they_o be_v once_o accustom_v to_o sow_v they_o they_o will_v never_o leave_v it_o as_o i_o see_v farmer_n do_v in_o east-kent_n scarce_o a_o man_n but_o he_o will_v have_v a_o considerable_a plot_n of_o ground_n for_o hemp_n and_o about_o london_n far_o great_a quantity_n of_o flax_n be_v sow_v then_o former_o 2_o it_o be_v convenient_a that_o every_o parish_n through_o the_o nation_n shall_v have_v a_o stock_n to_o set_v their_o poor_a to_o work_v that_o the_o young_a child_n and_o woman_n may_v not_o run_v up_o and_o down_o idle_a and_o beg_v or_o steal_v as_o they_o do_v in_o the_o country_n of_o apple_n pease_n wood_n hedges_n and_o so_o by_o little_a and_o little_a be_v train_v up_o for_o the_o gallow_n 3_o that_o a_o severe_a law_n shall_v be_v enact_v against_o those_o who_o run_v up_o and_o down_o and_o will_v not_o work_v for_o if_o all_o know_v that_o they_o may_v have_v work_n at_o home_n and_o earn_v more_o
within_o door_n honest_o then_o by_o run_v rogue_v up_o and_o down_o why_o shall_v they_o not_o compel_v they_o to_o it_o and_o though_o some_o may_v think_v the_o parish_n will_v lose_v much_o by_o this_o way_n because_o that_o the_o stock_n wrought_v will_v not_o be_v put_v off_o but_o with_o loss_n as_o perhaps_o 10_o l_o will_v be_v bring_v to_o 8_o l_o yet_o let_v they_o consider_v how_o much_o they_o shall_v save_v at_o their_o door_n how_o many_o inconvenience_n they_o be_v free_v from_o their_o hedge_n in_o the_o country_n shall_v not_o be_v pull_v their_o fruit_n steal_v nor_o their_o corn_n purloin_v and_o further_o that_o the_o poor_a will_v be_v train_v up_o to_o work_v and_o therefore_o fit_a for_o any_o service_n yea_o and_o in_o their_o youth_n learn_v a_o call_n by_o the_o which_o they_o may_v get_v a_o honest_a livelihood_n and_o i_o dare_v say_v their_o assessment_n for_o the_o poor_a will_v not_o be_v so_o frequent_a nor_o the_o poor_a so_o numerous_a and_o the_o benefit_n which_o redound_v to_o the_o nation_n will_v be_v very_o great_a 4_o the_o charitable_a deed_n of_o our_o forefather_n aught_o to_o be_v inquire_v after_o that_o they_o be_v not_o misplace_v as_o usual_o they_o be_v but_o be_v real_o bestow_v for_o the_o good_a of_o the_o poor_a that_o be_v laborious_a as_o in_o london_n be_v begin_v and_o if_o there_o be_v any_o that_o will_v not_o work_v take_v saint_n paul_n rule_n who_o best_o know_v what_o be_v best_a for_o they_o i_o dare_v not_o advise_v to_o take_v in_o part_n of_o commons_o fen_n etc._n etc._n and_o to_o improve_v they_o for_o this_o use_n lest_o i_o shall_v too_o much_o provoke_v the_o rude_a merciless_a multitude_n but_o to_o return_v to_o my_o discourse_n i_o say_v that_o sow_v hemp_n and_o flax_n will_v be_v very_o beneficial_a 1_o to_o the_o owner_n of_o land_n for_o man_n usual_o give_v in_o divers_a place_n 3_o l_o per_fw-la acre_n to_o sow_v hemp_n and_o flax_n as_o i_o have_v see_v at_o maidstone_n in_o kent_n which_o be_v the_o only_a place_n i_o know_v in_o england_n where_o thread_n be_v make_v and_o though_o nigh_o a_o thousand_o hand_n be_v employ_v about_o it_o yet_o they_o make_v not_o enough_o for_o this_o nation_n and_o yet_o get_v good_a profit_n how_o advantageous_a will_v this_o be_v to_o those_o who_o have_v drain_v the_o fen_n where_o questionless_a hemp_n will_v flourish_v and_o exsiccate_a the_o ground_n for_o hemp_n desire_v stiff_o moist_a land_n as_o flax_n light_n and_o dry_a and_o likewise_o to_o those_o in_o the_o north_n of_o england_n where_o land_n be_v very_o cheap_a i_o hope_v in_o a_o little_a time_n ireland_n will_v furnish_v we_o with_o these_o commodity_n if_o we_o be_v idle_a for_o there_o land_n be_v very_o cheap_a and_o those_o seed_n need_v no_o enclosure_n for_o cattle_n will_v not_o touch_v they_o neither_o do_v it_o fear_v the_o plunderer_n either_o in_o the_o field_n or_o barn_n 2_o it_o be_v profitable_a to_o the_o sour_a i_o know_v that_o they_o usual_o value_v a_o acre_n at_o 10_o or_o 12_o l_o which_o cost_v they_o usual_o but_o half_a the_o money_n whether_o there_o be_v flax_n that_o will_v yield_v 30_o or_o 40_o l_o per_fw-la acre_n as_o some_o report_n i_o know_v not_o 3_o to_o the_o place_n where_o it_o be_v sow_v because_o it_o set_v many_o poor_a to_o work_v i_o wish_v it_o be_v encourage_v more_o in_o the_o north_n than_o it_o be_v because_o there_o be_v many_o poor_a who_o can_v willing_o take_v pain_n and_o though_o spin_v of_o linen_n be_v but_o a_o poor_a work_n yet_o it_o be_v light_n and_o may_v be_v call_v woman_n recreation_n and_o in_o france_n and_o spain_n the_o best_a citizen_n wife_n think_v it_o no_o disgrace_n to_o go_v about_o spin_v with_o their_o rock_n and_o though_o in_o some_o part_n the_o poor_a think_v it_o nothing_o to_o earn_v 4_o or_o 6_o d_o o_z day_n and_o will_v as_o soon_o stand_v with_o their_o hand_n in_o their_o pocket_n as_o work_v cheap_a yet_o in_o the_o north_n they_o account_v it_o well_o to_o earn_v 3_o d_o or_o 4_o d_o by_o spin_v which_o they_o may_v do_v last_o it_o will_v be_v very_o beneficial_a to_o this_o nation_n and_o save_v many_o thousand_o pound_n i_o may_v say_v 100_o thousand_o which_o be_v export_v either_o in_o cash_n or_o good_a commodity_n and_o we_o shall_v not_o be_v behold_v to_o holland_n for_o fine_a linen_n and_o cordage_n nor_o to_o france_n for_o poldavice_n locram_n canvas_n net_n nor_o to_o flaunders_n for_o thread_n but_o may_v be_v supply_v abundant_o with_o these_o necessary_a commodity_n even_o at_o our_o own_o door_n there_o be_v no_o small_a deficiency_n in_o dung_v and_o manure_v land_n both_o because_o that_o all_o manner_n of_o manure_v and_o amend_v land_n be_v not_o know_v to_o every_o one_o land_n and_o also_o that_o they_o do_v not_o employ_v all_o they_o know_v to_o the_o best_a use_n i_o will_v therefore_o set_v down_o most_o of_o the_o way_n i_o have_v see_v here_o in_o england_n and_o beyond_o sea_n by_o which_o land_n be_v improve_v and_o the_o best_a way_n to_o use_v the_o same_o 1_o to_o begin_v with_o chalk_n which_o be_v as_o old_a a_o way_n as_o julius_n caesar_n time_n as_o he_o himself_o report_v in_o his_o commentary_n chalk_n be_v of_o 2_o sort_n 1_o a_o hard_a strong_a dry_a chalk_n with_o which_o in_o kent_n they_o make_v wall_n burn_v lime_n etc._n etc._n 2_o kind_a be_v a_o small_a unctuous_a chalk_n this_o be_v the_o chalk_n for_o land_n the_o other_o help_v little_a only_o it_o make_v the_o plough_n go_v easy_o in_o stiff_a land_n broomy_a land_n be_v account_v the_o best_a land_n for_o chalk_n and_o lime_n but_o it_o help_v other_o land_n also_o especial_o if_o you_o chalk_v your_o ground_n and_o let_v it_o lie_v a_o year_n or_o two_o which_o be_v the_o way_n use_v in_o kent_n that_o it_o may_v be_v mature_v and_o shatter_v by_o the_o sun_n and_o rain_n otherwise_o if_o it_o be_v turn_v in_o present_o it_o be_v apt_a to_o lie_v in_o great_a clod_n as_o i_o have_v see_v it_o twenty_o year_n after_o chalk_v also_o sweeten_v pasture_n but_o do_v not_o much_o increase_v it_o and_o killeth_z rush_n and_o broom_n 2_o lime_n which_o be_v make_v of_o divers_a sort_n of_o stone_n be_v a_o excellent_a thing_n for_o most_o land_n and_o produce_v a_o most_o pure_a grain_n 160_o bushel_n be_v usual_o lay_v on_o a_o acre_n but_o i_o suppose_v that_o if_o man_n do_v lay_v but_o half_a the_o dung_n on_o the_o ground_n as_o they_o usual_o do_v as_o also_o lime_n and_o chalk_n and_o dung_n and_o lime_n it_o often_o it_o will_v be_v better_a husbandry_n for_o much_o dung_n cause_v much_o weed_n and_o cause_v corn_n to_o lodge_v and_o too_o much_o chalk_n do_v too_o much_o force_v the_o land_n so_o that_o after_o some_o good_a crop_n it_o lie_v barren_a many_o year_n it_o be_v good_a husbandry_n likewise_o to_o lay_v down_o land_n before_o they_o be_v too_o much_o out_o of_o heart_n for_o they_o will_v soon_o recover_v otherwise_o not_o 3_o ordinary_a dung_n which_o every_o one_o know_v but_o let_v it_o not_o be_v expose_v to_o the_o sun_n too_o much_o nor_o let_v it_o lie_v in_o a_o high_a place_n for_o the_o rain_n will_v waste_v away_o its_o fatness_n it_o be_v observable_a that_o earth_n the_o more_o it_o be_v expose_v to_o the_o sun_n it_o be_v the_o better_a as_o we_o see_v that_o land_n be_v much_o better_v by_o oft_o ploughing_n for_o the_o sun_n and_o dew_n engender_v a_o nitrous_a fatness_n which_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o fertility_n but_o dung_n be_v exhaust_v by_o the_o sun_n as_o it_o appear_v by_o the_o fold_n of_o sheep_n which_o profit_n little_a if_o it_o be_v not_o present_o turn_v in_o therefore_o a_o shepherd_n if_o his_o time_n will_v permit_v shall_v turn_v up_o the_o ground_n with_o a_o how_o for_o to_o sow_v turnip_n as_o gardiner_n do_v i_o have_v see_v ordinary_a dung_n on_o dry_a land_n in_o dry_a year_n to_o do_v hurt_v and_o it_o oft_o cause_v weeds_o and_o trumpery_n to_o grow_v 4_o marle_n it_o be_v of_o divers_a kind_n some_o stony_a some_o soft_a some_o white_a some_o yellowish_a but_o most_o common_o blue_a it_o be_v in_o most_o place_n in_o england_n but_o not_o know_v by_o all_o the_o best_a mark_n to_o know_v it_o be_v to_o expose_v it_o to_o the_o air_n and_o to_o see_v if_o the_o sun_n or_o rain_n cause_v it_o to_o shatter_v and_o if_o it_o be_v unctuous_a or_o rather_o to_o take_v a_o load_n or_o two_o and_o lay_v it_o on_o the_o midst_n of_o your_o field_n and_o to_o try_v how_o it_o mend_v your_o land_n it_o be_v excellent_a for_o corn_n and_o pasture_n especial_o on_o dry_a land_n
in_o essex_n the_o scour_n of_o their_o ditch_n they_o call_v marl_n because_o it_o look_v blue_a like_o it_o it_o help_v their_o land_n well_o 5_o snaggreet_n which_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o earth_n take_v out_o of_o the_o river_n full_a of_o small_a shell_n it_o help_v the_o barren_a land_n in_o divers_a part_n of_o surrey_n i_o believe_v it_o be_v find_v in_o all_o river_n it_o be_v well_o if_o in_o other_o part_n of_o england_n they_o do_v take_v notice_n of_o it_o 6_o owse_n out_o of_o marsh_n ditch_n have_v be_v find_v very_o good_a for_o white_a chalky_a land_n as_o also_o sea-mud_n and_o sea-owse_a be_v use_v in_o divers_a part_n of_o kent_n and_o sussex_n 7_o seaweed_n 8_o mr._n carew_n in_o his_o survey_n of_o cornwall_n relate_v that_o they_o use_v a_o fat_a sea-sand_n which_o they_o carry_v up_o many_o mile_n in_o sack_n and_o by_o this_o they_o have_v very_o much_o improve_v their_o barren_a land_n it_o be_v worth_a the_o while_n to_o try_v all_o manner_n of_o sea-sand_n for_o i_o suppose_v that_o in_o other_o place_n they_o have_v a_o like_a fertilize_a fatness_n 9_o fold_v of_o sheep_n especial_o after_o the_o flaunders_n manner_n viz._n under_o a_o covert_n in_o which_o earth_n be_v strew_v about_o 6_o inch_n thick_a on_o which_o they_o set_v divers_a night_n then_o more_o earth_n must_v be_v bring_v and_o strew_v 6_o inch_n thick_a and_o the_o sheep_n fold_v on_o it_o and_o thus_o they_o do_v continual_o winter_n and_o summer_n i_o suppose_v a_o shepherd_n with_o one_o horse_n will_v do_v it_o at_o his_o spare_a hour_n and_o indeed_o soon_o than_o remove_v his_o fold_n and_o this_o fold_n be_v to_o be_v continue_v especial_o in_o winter_n and_o do_v the_o sheep_n good_a because_o they_o lie_v warm_a and_o dry_a and_o true_o if_o i_o be_o not_o mistake_v by_o this_o mean_v we_o may_v make_v our_o sheep_n to_o enrich_v all_o the_o barren_a dry_a land_n of_o england_n 10_o ash_n of_o any_o kind_n seacoale-ash_n with_o horsedung_n the_o gardiner_n of_o london_n much_o commend_v for_o divers_a use_n it_o be_v great_a pity_n that_o so_o many_o thousand_o load_n be_v throw_v into_o waste_v place_n and_o do_v no_o good_a 11_o soot_n be_v also_o very_o good_a be_v sprinkle_v on_o ground_n but_o it_o be_v too_o dear_a if_o it_o be_v of_o wood_n for_o it_o be_v worth_a 16_o d_o or_o 2_o s_o a_o bushel_n 12_o pigeon_n or_o hens-dung_n be_v incomparable_a one_o load_n be_v worth_a 10_o load_n of_o other_o dung_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v usual_o sow_v on_o wheat_n that_o lie_v afar_o off_o and_o not_o easy_a to_o be_v help_v it_o be_v extraordinary_a likewise_o on_o a_o hop-garden_n 13_o male-dust_n be_v exceed_o good_a in_o corn-land_n blood_n for_o tree_n also_o shave_n of_o horn_n 14_o some_o commend_v very_o much_o the_o sweep_a of_o a_o ship_n of_o salt_n or_o drossey_a salt_n and_o brine_n it_o be_v very_o probable_a because_o it_o kill_v the_o worm_n and_o all_o fertility_n proceed_v from_o salt_n 15_o i_o have_v see_v in_o france_n poor_a man_n cut_v up_o heath_n and_o the_o turf_n of_o the_o ground_n and_o lay_v they_o on_o a_o heap_n to_o make_v mould_n for_o their_o barren_a land_n brake_n lay_v in_o a_o moist_a place_n and_o rot_v be_v use_v much_o for_o hop-ground_n and_o general_o all_o thing_n that_o will_v rot_v if_o they_o be_v stone_n will_v make_v dung_n 16_o in_o new-england_n they_o fish_v their_o ground_n which_o be_v do_v thus_o in_o the_o spring_n about_o april_n there_o come_v up_o a_o fish_n to_o the_o fresh_a river_n call_v a_o alewife_n because_o of_o its_o great_a belly_n and_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o shade_n full_a of_o bone_n these_o be_v catch_v in_o wiers_fw-mi and_o sell_v very_o cheap_a to_o the_o planter_n who_o usual_o put_v one_o or_o two_o cut_n in_o piece_n into_o the_o hill_n where_o their_o corn_n be_v plant_v call_v virginia-wheate_n for_o they_o plant_v it_o in_o hill_n 5_o grain_n in_o a_o hill_n almost_o as_o we_o plant_v hop_n in_o may_n or_o june_n for_o it_o will_v not_o endure_v frost_n and_o at_o that_o distance_n it_o cause_v fertility_n extraordinary_a for_o two_o year_n especial_o the_o first_o for_o they_o have_v have_v 50_o or_o 60_o bushel_n on_o a_o acre_n and_o yet_o plough_v not_o their_o land_n and_o in_o the_o same_o hill_n do_v plant_v the_o same_o corn_n for_o many_o year_n together_o and_o have_v good_a crop_n beside_o abundance_n of_o pompion_n and_o french_a or_o kidney_n bean_n in_o the_o north_n part_n of_o new_a england_n where_o the_o fisherman_n live_v they_o usual_o fish_v their_o ground_n with_o codshead_n which_o if_o they_o be_v in_o england_n will_v be_v better_o employ_v i_o suppose_v that_o when_o sprat_n be_v cheap_a man_n may_v mend_v their_o hop-ground_n with_o they_o and_o it_o will_v quit_v cost_v but_o the_o dog_n will_v be_v apt_a to_o scrape_v they_o up_o as_o they_o do_v in_o new-england_n unless_o one_o of_o their_o leg_n be_v tie_v up_o 17_o urine_n in_o holland_n they_o as_o careful_o preserve_v the_o cow_n urine_n as_o the_o dung_n to_o enrich_v their_o land_n old_a urine_n be_v excellent_a for_o the_o root_n of_o tree_n columella_n in_o his_o book_n of_o husbandry_n say_v that_o he_o be_v a_o ill_a husband_n that_o do_v not_o make_v 10_o load_n of_o dung_n for_o every_o great_a beast_n in_o his_o yard_n and_o as_o much_o for_o every_o one_o in_o the_o house_n and_o one_o load_n for_o small_a beast_n as_o hog_n this_o be_v strange_a husbandry_n to_o we_o and_o i_o believe_v there_o be_v many_o ill_a husband_n by_o this_o account_n i_o know_v a_o woman_n who_o live_v 5_o mile_n south_n of_o canterbury_n who_o save_v in_o a_o pail_n all_o the_o dropping_n of_o the_o house_n i_o mean_v the_o urine_n and_o when_o the_o pail_n be_v full_a sprinkle_v it_o on_o her_o meadow_n which_o cause_v the_o grass_n at_o first_o to_o look_v yellow_a but_o after_o a_o little_a time_n it_o grow_n wonderful_o that_o many_o of_o her_o neighbour_n wonder_v at_o it_o and_o be_v like_a to_o accuse_v she_o of_o witchcraft_n 18_o woollen_a rag_n which_o hartford-shire-man_n use_v much_o and_o oxford-shire_n and_o many_o other_o place_n they_o do_v very_o well_o in_o thin_a chalky_a land_n in_o kent_n for_o two_o or_o three_o year_n it_o be_v a_o fault_n in_o many_o place_n that_o they_o neglect_v these_o as_o also_o linen_n rag_n or_o ropes-end_n of_o the_o which_o white_a and_o brown_a paper_n be_v make_v for_o it_o be_v strange_a that_o we_o have_v not_o linnen-ragg_n enough_o for_o paper_n as_o other_o nation_n have_v but_o must_v have_v it_o from_o italy_n france_n and_o holland_n 19_o denshyring_n so_o call_v in_o kent_n cambden_n where_o i_o only_o have_v see_v it_o use_v though_o by_o the_o word_n it_o shall_v come_v from_o denbighshire_n be_v the_o cut_n up_o of_o all_o the_o turf_n of_o a_o meadow_n with_o a_o instrument_n sharp_a on_o both_o side_n which_o a_o man_n with_o violence_n thrust_v before_o he_o and_o then_o lie_v the_o turf_n on_o heap_n and_o when_o it_o be_v dry_a they_o burn_v it_o and_o spread_v it_o on_o the_o ground_n the_o charge_n be_v usual_o four_o nobles_n which_o the_o goodness_n of_o a_o crop_n or_o two_o repay_v 20_o mixture_n of_o land_n columella_n a_o old_a writer_n say_v that_o his_o grandfather_n use_v to_o carry_v sand_n on_o clay_n and_o on_o the_o contrary_a to_o bring_v clay_n on_o sandy_a ground_n and_o with_o good_a success_n the_o lord_n bacon_n think_v much_o good_a may_v be_v do_v thereby_o for_o if_o chalk_n be_v good_a for_o loamy_a land_n history_n why_o shall_v not_o loam_n be_v good_a for_o chalky_a bank_n 21_o i_o may_v add_v enclosure_n as_o a_o improvement_n of_o land_n not_o only_o because_o that_o man_n when_o their_o ground_n be_v enclose_v may_v employ_v they_o as_o they_o please_v but_o because_o it_o give_v warmth_n and_o consequent_o fertiliey_v there_o be_v one_o in_o london_n who_o promise_v to_o mend_v land_n much_o by_o warmth_n only_o and_o we_o see_v that_o if_o some_o few_o stick_n lie_v together_o and_o give_v a_o place_n warmth_n how_o speedy_o that_o grass_n will_v grow_v 22_o steep_v of_o grain_n the_o ancient_n use_v to_o steep_a bean_n in_o salt-water_n and_o in_o kent_n it_o be_v usual_a to_o steep_a barley_n when_o they_o sow_v late_o that_o it_o may_v grow_v the_o fast_o and_o also_o to_o take_v away_o the_o soil_n for_o wild_a oat_n cockle_n and_o all_o save_o drake_n will_v swim_v as_o also_o much_o of_o the_o light_a corn_n which_o to_o take_v away_o be_v very_o good_a if_o you_o put_v pigeons-dung_n into_o the_o water_n and_o let_v it_o steep_v all_o night_n it_o may_v be_v as_o it_o be_v half_o a_o
dung_v take_v heed_n of_o steep_v pease_n too_o long_o for_o i_o have_v see_v they_o sprout_v in_o three_o or_o four_o hour_n 23_o be_v the_o sow_v of_o course_n and_o cheap_a grain_n and_o when_o they_o be_v grow_v to_o plough_v they_o in_o for_o this_o purpose_n the_o ancient_n do_v use_v lupin_n a_o plant_n well_o know_v to_o our_o gardiner_n and_o in_o kent_n sometime_o tare_n be_v sow_v which_o when_o the_o cattle_n have_v eat_v a_o little_a of_o the_o top_n they_o turn_v they_o in_o with_o very_o good_a improvement_n for_o their_o ground_n meadow_n i_o will_v not_o deny_v but_o that_o we_o have_v good_a husband_n who_o dung_n and_o marl_n their_o meadow_n and_o pasture-land_n and_o throw_v down_o all_o mole_n and_o ant-hil_n and_o with_o the_o their_o spud-staffe_n cut_v up_o all_o thistle_n and_o weed_n and_o that_o they_o likewise_o straw_n ash_n on_o their_o ground_n to_o kill_v the_o moss_n and_o salt_n for_o the_o worm_n and_o they_o do_v very_o well_o but_o yet_o there_o be_v many_o who_o be_v negligent_a in_o these_o particular_n for_o the_o which_o they_o be_v blame-worthy_a but_o the_o deficiency_n of_o which_o i_o intend_v to_o speak_v of_o be_v these_o follow_v cato_n one_o of_o the_o wise_a of_o the_o roman_n sai_z that_o pratum_fw-la est_fw-la quasi_fw-la paratum_fw-la always_o ready_a and_o prepare_v and_o prefer_v meadow_n before_o the_o olive-garden_n although_o the_o spaniard_n bequeath_v olive-tree_n to_o their_o child_n as_o we_o do_v cottage_n or_o vine_n or_o corn_n because_o meadow_n bring_v in_o a_o certain_a profit_n without_o labour_n and_o pain_n but_o the_o other_o require_v much_o cost_n and_o pain_n and_o be_v subject_a to_o frost_n mildew_n haile_o locust_n to_o the_o which_o for_o the_o honour_n of_o meadow_n i_o may_v add_v that_o the_o stock_n of_o meadow_n be_v of_o great_a value_n and_o the_o commodity_n which_o arise_v from_o they_o be_v divers_a and_o of_o great_a value_n than_o corn_n as_o butter_n cheese_n tallow_n hides_n beef_n wool_n and_o therefore_o i_o may_v conclude_v that_o england_n abound_v in_o pasture_n more_o than_o other_o country_n be_v therefore_o rich_a and_o i_o know_v what_o other_o think_v i_o care_v not_o that_o in_o france_n acre_n for_o acre_n be_v not_o comparable_a to_o it_o fortescue_n chancellor_n of_o england_n say_v that_o we_o get_v more_o in_o england_n by_o stand_v still_o than_o the_o french_a by_o work_v but_o to_o speak_v of_o the_o deficiency_n among_o we_o 1_o we_o be_v to_o blame_v that_o we_o have_v neglect_v the_o great_a clovergrasse_n saint_n foin_n lucerne_n 2_o that_o we_o do_v not_o float_v our_o land_n as_o they_o do_v in_o lombary_n where_o they_o mow_v their_o land_n three_o or_o four_o time_n yearly_a which_o consist_v of_o the_o great_a clovergrasse_n here_o be_v the_o excellent_a parmisane_n cheese_n make_v and_o indeed_o these_o pasture_n far_o exceed_v any_o other_o place_n in_o italy_n yea_o in_o europe_n we_o here_o in_o england_n have_v great_a opportunity_n by_o brook_n and_o river_n in_o all_o place_n to_o do_v so_o but_o we_o be_v negligent_a yet_o we_o may_v hereby_o double_v if_o not_o treble_v our_o profit_n kill_v all_o rush_n etc._n etc._n but_o he_o that_o desire_v to_o know_v the_o manner_n how_o to_o do_v this_o and_o that_o profit_n that_o will_v arise_v thereby_o let_v he_o read_v mr._n blithe_n book_n of_o husbandry_n late_o print_v 3_o that_o when_o we_o lie_v down_o land_n for_o meadow_n or_o pasture_n we_o do_v not_o sow_v they_o with_o the_o seed_n of_o fine_a sweet_a grass_n trefoil_n and_o other_o excellent_a herb_n concern_v this_o you_o may_v read_v a_o large_a treatise_n of_o the_o countrey-farmer_n for_o if_o the_o land_n be_v rich_a it_o will_v put_v forth_o weed_n and_o trumpery_n and_o perhaps_o a_o kind_n of_o sour_a grass_n little_a worth_n if_o it_o be_v poor_a you_o shall_v have_v thistle_n may-weed_n and_o little_a or_o no_o grass_n for_o a_o year_n or_o two_o i_o know_v a_o gentleman_n who_o at_o my_o entreaty_n sow_v with_o his_o oat_n the_o bottom_n of_o his_o haymowe_a and_o though_o his_o land_n be_v wear_v out_o of_o heart_n and_o natural_o poor_a yet_o he_o have_v that_o year_n not_o only_o a_o crop_n of_o oat_n but_o he_o may_v if_o it_o have_v please_v he_o have_v mow_v his_o grass_n also_o but_o he_o spare_v it_o which_o be_v well_o do_v till_o the_o next_o year_n that_o it_o may_v make_v a_o turf_n and_o grow_v strong_a by_o this_o husbandry_n land_n may_v be_v well_o improve_v especial_o if_o man_n do_v consider_v the_o diversity_n of_o grass_n which_o be_v 90_o sort_n and_o 23_o of_o trefoil_n i_o know_v a_o place_n in_o kent_n which_o be_v a_o white_a chalky_a down_o which_o ground_n be_v sometime_o sow_v with_o corn_n a_o year_n or_o two_o and_o then_o it_o rest_v as_o long_o or_o long_o when_o it_o be_v lay_v down_o it_o maintain_v many_o great_a sheep_n and_o very_o lusty_a so_o that_o they_o be_v even_o fit_a for_o the_o butcher_n and_o yet_o there_o do_v scarce_o appear_v any_o thing_n that_o they_o can_v eat_v which_o have_v cause_v divers_a to_o wonder_v as_o if_o they_o have_v live_v on_o chalke-stone_n but_o i_o more_o serious_o consider_v the_o matter_n thorough_o view_v the_o ground_n and_o perceive_v that_o the_o ground_n natural_o produce_v a_o small_a trefoil_n which_o it_o seem_v be_v very_o sweet_a and_o pleasant_a it_o be_v common_o call_v trifolium_fw-la luteum_fw-la or_o lupilinum_n that_o be_v yellow_a or_o hop-trefoile_n and_o i_o be_o persuade_v if_o that_o the_o seed_n of_o this_o trefoil_n be_v preserve_v and_o sow_v with_o date_n when_o they_o intend_v to_o lay_v it_o down_o it_o will_v very_o much_o advance_v the_o pasture_n of_o that_o place_n therefore_o i_o desire_v all_o ingenious_a man_n serious_o to_o consider_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o trefoil_n which_o be_v the_o sweet_a of_o grass_n and_o to_o observe_v on_o what_o ground_n they_o natural_o grow_v and_o aso_n the_o nature_n of_o other_o grass_n which_o as_o i_o have_v say_v before_o be_v no_o less_o than_o 90_o sort_n natural_o grow_v in_o this_o isle_n some_o on_o watery_a place_n some_o on_o dry_a some_o on_o clay_n other_o on_o sand_n chalk_n &c_n &c_n some_o on_o fruitful_a place_n other_o in_o barren_a by_o the_o which_o mean_n i_o suppose_v a_o solid_a foundation_n may_v be_v lay_v for_o the_o advance_v the_o paesture-land_n of_o all_o sort_n through_o this_o island_n for_o i_o know_v some_o plant_n as_o the_o orchis_n call_v bee-flower_n etc._n etc._n which_o will_v thrive_v better_o on_o the_o chalky_a barren_a bank_n than_o in_o any_o garden_n though_o the_o mould_n be_v never_o so_o rich_a and_o delicate_a and_o the_o gardener_n very_o diligent_a in_o cherish_v of_o it_o and_o why_o may_v not_o the_o same_o propriety_n be_v in_o grass_n for_o we_o see_v diverse_a benty_n grass_n to_o thrive_v especial_o on_o barren_a place_n where_o scarce_o any_o thing_n else_o will_v grow_v i_o must_v again_o and_o again_o desire_v all_o man_n to_o take_v notice_n of_o the_o wonderful_a grass_n which_o grow_v near_o salisbury_n and_o desire_v they_o to_o try_v it_o on_o their_o rich_a meadow_n land_n it_o be_v a_o common_a say_n that_o there_o be_v more_o waste_n land_n in_o england_n in_o these_o particular_n than_o in_o all_o europe_n beside_o consider_v the_o quantity_n of_o land_n i_o dare_v not_o say_v this_o be_v true_a but_o hope_v if_o it_o be_v so_o that_o it_o it_o will_v be_v mend_v for_o of_o late_a much_o have_v be_v do_v for_o the_o advancement_n of_o these_o kind_n of_o land_n yet_o there_o be_v as_o yet_o great_a deficiency_n in_o the_o time_n of_o papistry_n all_o in_o this_o island_n be_v either_o soldier_n or_o scholar_n scholar_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o great_a honour_n privilege_n and_o profit_n the_o three_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n belong_v to_o they_o and_o soldier_n because_o of_o the_o many_o and_o great_a war_n with_o france_n scotland_n ireland_n wales_n and_o in_o those_o time_n gentleman_n think_v it_o a_o honour_n to_o be_v careless_a and_o to_o have_v house_n furniture_n diet_n exercise_n apparel_n etc._n etc._n yea_o all_o thing_n at_o home_n and_o abroad_o soldierlike_a music_n picture_n perfume_n sauce_n unless_o good_a stomach_n be_v count_v perhaps_o unjust_o too_o effeminate_a in_o queen_n elizabeth_n day_n ingenuity_n curiosity_n and_o good_a husbandry_n begin_v to_o take_v place_n and_o then_o salt_n marsh_n begin_v to_o be_v fence_v from_o the_o sea_n and_o yet_o many_o be_v neglect_v even_o to_o our_o day_n as_o hollhaven_n in_o essex_n axtel-holme_a isle_n in_o yorkshire_n many_o 1000_o of_o acre_n have_v late_o be_v gain_v from_o the_o sea_n in_o lincolnshire_n and_o as_o yet_o more_o be_v to_o be_v take_v in_o there_o
grievance_n to_o the_o subject_a viz._n to_o command_v every_o one_o to_o plant_v or_o sow_v so_o many_o mulberry_n seed_n which_o may_v easy_o be_v procure_v from_o beyond_o sea_n etc._n etc._n but_o i_o leave_v state_n matter_n to_o state_n man_n i_o be_o none_o a_o copy_n of_o king_n james_n letter_n to_o the_o lord_n lieutenant_n of_o the_o several_a shire_n of_o england_n for_o the_o increase_n of_o mulberry-tree_n and_o the_o breed_n of_o silkworm_n for_o the_o make_n of_o silk_n in_o england_n james_n rex_fw-la right_o trusty_a and_o well-beloved_n we_o greet_v you_o well_o it_o be_v a_o principal_a part_n of_o that_o christian_a care_n which_o appertain_v to_o sovereignty_n to_o endeavour_v by_o all_o mean_v possible_a as_o well_o to_o beget_v as_o to_o increase_v among_o their_o people_n the_o knowledge_n and_o practice_n of_o all_o art_n and_o trade_n whereby_o they_o may_v be_v both_o wean_v from_o idleness_n and_o the_o enormity_n thereof_o which_o be_v infinite_a and_o exercise_v in_o such_o industry_n and_o labour_n as_o be_v accompany_v with_o evident_a hope_n not_o only_o of_o preserve_a people_n from_o the_o shame_n and_o grief_n of_o penury_n but_o also_o raise_v and_o increase_v they_o in_o wealth_n and_o abundance_n the_o scope_n which_o every_o freeborn_a spirit_n aim_v that_o not_o in_o regard_n of_o himself_o only_o and_o the_o ease_n which_o a_o plentiful_a estate_n bring_v to_o every_o one_o in_o his_o particular_a but_o also_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o honour_n of_o their_o native_a country_n who_o commendation_n be_v no_o way_n more_o set_v forth_o then_o in_o the_o people_n activeness_n and_o industry_n the_o consideration_n whereof_o have_v of_o late_o occupy_v our_o mind_n who_o always_o esteem_v our_o people_n good_a our_o necessary_a contemplation_n we_o have_v conceive_v as_o well_o by_o the_o discourse_n of_o our_o own_o reason_n as_o by_o information_n gather_v from_o other_o that_o the_o make_n of_o silk_n may_v as_o well_o be_v effect_v here_o as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o france_n where_o the_o same_o have_v of_o late_a year_n be_v put_v in_o practice_n for_o neither_o be_v the_o climate_n of_o this_o isle_n so_o far_o distinct_a or_o different_a in_o condition_n from_o that_o country_n especial_o from_o the_o hither_o part_n thereto_o but_o that_o it_o be_v to_o be_v hope_v that_o those_o thing_n which_o by_o industry_n prosper_v there_o may_v by_o like_a industry_n use_v here_o have_v like_o success_n and_o many_o private_a person_n who_o for_o their_o pleasure_n have_v breed_v of_o those_o worm_n have_v find_v no_o experience_n to_o the_o contrary_a but_o that_o they_o may_v be_v nourish_v and_o maintain_v here_o if_o provision_n be_v make_v for_o plant_v of_o mulberry-tree_n who_o leaf_n be_v the_o food_n of_o the_o worm_n and_o therefore_o we_o have_v think_v good_a thereby_o to_o let_v you_o understand_v that_o although_o in_o suffer_v this_o invention_n to_o take_v place_n we_o do_v show_v 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the_o example_n of_o our_o own_o deputy_n lieutenant_n and_o justice_n will_v further_o this_o cause_n if_o you_o and_o other_o your_o neighbour_n will_v be_v content_a to_o take_v some_o good_a quantity_n hereof_o to_o distribute_v upon_o your_o own_o land_n we_o be_v content_a to_o acknowledge_v thus_o much_o more_o in_o this_o ditection_n of_o we_o that_o all_o thing_n of_o this_o nature_n tend_v to_o plantation_n increase_n of_o science_n and_o work_n of_o industry_n be_v thing_n so_o natural_o please_v to_o our_o own_o disposition_n as_o we_o shall_v take_v it_o for_o a_o argument_n of_o extra-ordinary_a affection_n towards_o our_o person_n beside_o the_o judgement_n we_o shall_v make_v of_o the_o good_a disposition_n in_o all_o those_o that_o shall_v express_v in_o any_o kind_n their_o ready_a mind_n to_o further_o the_o same_o and_o shall_v esteem_v that_o in_o further_a the_o same_o they_o seek_v to_o further_a our_o honour_n and_o contentment_n have_v see_v in_o few_o year_n 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serious_o to_o be_v consider_v for_o altough_o we_o have_v plenty_n of_o oak_n yet_o what_o will_v it_o profit_v for_o ship_n without_o mast_n and_o how_o difficult_a it_o be_v to_o get_v great_a mast_n above_o 22._o inch_n diameter_n be_v very_o well_o know_v many_o thing_n i_o may_v add_v of_o this_o kind_n but_o for_o brevity_n sake_n i_o refer_v you_o to_o master_n john_n tredescan_n who_o have_v take_v great_a pain_n herein_o and_o daily_o raise_v new_a and_o curious_a thing_n 3._o consider_v that_o these_o new_a ingenuity_n may_v be_v profitable_a not_o only_o to_o the_o public_a but_o also_o to_o private_a man_n as_o we_o see_v by_o those_o who_o first_o plant_v cherry_n hop_n liquorice_n saffron_n and_o first_o sow_v rape-seed_n colliflower_n woad_n will_v early_a pease_n assparagus_fw-la melon_n tulip_n gillyflower_n etc._n etc._n and_o why_o may_v we_o not_o find_v some_o thing_n beneficial_a to_o we_o also_o 16._o island_n deficiency_n be_v the_o ignorance_n of_o those_o 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and_o yellow_a marle_n plaster_n ochre_n rudd_n rubric_n freestone_n a_o hard_a greet-stone_n a_o soft_a reddish_n stone_n iron_n stone_n brimstone_n vitriol_n niter_n alum_n lead_v and_o copper_n and_o without_o doubt_n divers_a mixture_n of_o these_o but_o also_o many_o other_o mineral_n may_v perhaps_o be_v find_v out_o by_o the_o diligent_a seach_n and_o industry_n of_o those_o who_o will_v take_v pain_n to_o labour_v a_o little_a herein_o print_a at_o york_n by_o tho_n broad_n be_v to_o be_v sell_v in_o his_o shop_n at_o the_o low_a end_n of_o stone-gate_n near_o to_o common-hall-gate_n 1649._o this_o letter_n will_v not_o permit_v i_o to_o make_v a_o complete_a natural_a history_n of_o the_o thing_n of_o this_o isle_n yet_o i_o shall_v relate_v divers_a thing_n which_o may_v be_v as_o hint_n to_o set_v some_o other_o to_o work_v which_o i_o have_v find_v in_o mr._n cambden_n and_o other_o and_o shall_v brief_o instruct_v the_o husbandman_n what_o he_o ought_v to_o take_v notice_n of_o for_o his_o own_o and_o other_o good_a and_o first_o if_o he_o live_v nigh_o the_o sea_n let_v he_o take_v notice_n of_o those_o thing_n the_o sea_n cast_v up_o for_o it_o have_v even_o with_o we_o cast_v up_o ambergris_n which_o be_v worth_a so_o much_o gold_n with_o the_o which_o not_o long_o since_o a_o fisherman_n of_o plymouth_n grease_v his_o boot_n not_o know_v what_o it_o be_v sometime_o it_o cast_v up_o jet_n and_o amber_n as_o at_o whitbey_v oftentimes_o in_o former_a time_n we_o have_v oyster_n which_o have_v very_o fair_a great_a pearl_n in_o they_o of_o good_a worth_n and_o at_o this_o time_n some_o of_o they_o be_v find_v in_o denbighshire_n coperas-stone_n likewise_o be_v find_v along_o by_o the_o seacoast_n of_o kent_n essex_n sussex_n hampshire_n out_o of_o the_o which_o copperas_n be_v make_v a_o thing_n very_o useful_a for_o dâ—ers_n currier_n etc._n etc._n further_a seaweed_n be_v not_o to_o be_v slight_v for_o in_o jersey_n they_o have_v no_o other_o fuel_n among_o they_o and_o here_o in_o england_n it_o be_v burn_v to_o make_v kelpe_n for_o glasseman_n and_o be_v also_o very_o good_a manure_n for_o divers_a land_n also_o sea-owse_a be_v not_o only_o good_a to_o lay_v on_o land_n but_o at_o dover_n and_o other_o place_n the_o inhabitant_n make_v brick_n thereof_o call_v flaunders-brick_n etc._n etc._n sea-sand_n in_o cornwall_n do_v very_o much_o enrich_v their_o land_n and_o in_o cumber-land_n out_o of_o a_o certain_a kind_n of_o sand_n they_o extract_v salt_n etc._n etc._n 2._o let_v he_o take_v notice_n of_o all_o sort_n of_o water_n which_o issue_n forth_o of_o the_o earth_n differ_v from_o the_o ordinary_a in_o colour_n odour_n taste_v for_o it_o be_v well_o know_v how_o advantageous_a these_o water_n be_v oftentimes_o not_o only_o to_o particular_a man_n but_o also_o to_o the_o country_n about_o yea_o to_o the_o whole_a island_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o water_n of_o tunbridge_n in_o kent_n and_o of_o epsham_n in_o surrey_n knaresborough_n spa_n in_o yorkshire_n and_o by_o the_o allum-water_n in_o newenham_n in_o warwickeshire_n like_o milk_n in_o taste_n and_o colour_n and_o be_v excellent_a for_o the_o stone_n and_o wound_n and_o also_o it_o appear_v by_o the_o salt_n fountain_n in_o worcester-shire_n and_o cheshire_n which_o furnish_v all_o those_o part_n with_o a_o excellent_a fine_a white_a salt_n by_o the_o hot_a bath_n in_o summersetshire_a and_o the_o lukewarm_a water_n by_o bristol_n etc._n etc._n at_o pitchford_n in_o shropshire_n be_v a_o fountain_n which_o cast_v forth_o liquid_a bitumen_n which_o the_o people_n use_v for_o pitch_n etc._n etc._n 3._o let_v he_o not_o despise_v the_o sort_n of_o sand_n which_o he_o find_v for_o some_o sand_n be_v for_o building_n as_o the_o rough_a sort_n other_o for_o scour_n other_o for_o cast_v fine_a metal_n as_o highgate_n sand_n other_o for_o the_o glass_n mex_fw-la as_o a_o sand_n late_o find_v in_o sussex_n in_o scotland_n there_o be_v a_o sand_n which_o contain_v a_o considerable_a quantity_n of_o gold_n and_o in_o divers_a country_n fine_a gold_n abound_v very_o much_o in_o sand_n and_o if_o we_o may_v believe_v a_o excellent_a dutch_a chemist_n there_o be_v scarce_o any_o sand_n without_o it_o 4._o let_v he_o take_v notice_n of_o the_o earth_n loames_n clayes_n etc._n etc._n which_o have_v divers_a and_o necessary_a use_n as_o first_o the_o stiff_a clayes_n as_o newcastle_n and_o nonsuch_n be_v for_o the_o glassemens_n pot_n for_o crucible_n melt_a pot_n the_o less_o stiff_a for_o ordinary_a earthen_a ware_n brewer_n tile_n brick_n etc._n etc._n white_a clay_n be_v for_o tobacco-pipe_n marle_n of_o divers_a colour_n and_o stiffness_n be_v excellent_a for_o husbandman_n fuller's-earth_n be_v find_v in_o kent_n surrey_z and_o late_o in_o divers_a other_o place_n for_o the_o great_a benefit_n of_o the_o clothier_n rub_v and_o rubric_n in_o yorkshire_n as_o also_o divers_a other_o in_o oxford_n and_o gloucestershire_n excellent_a for_o painter_n etc._n etc._n turf_n for_o fire_v may_v be_v find_v in_o most_o part_n of_o this_o isle_n if_o people_n be_v industrious_a necessity_n now_o and_o then_o compel_v they_o to_o be_v inquisitive_a as_o it_o do_v late_o at_o oxford_n and_o kent_n where_o it_o be_v find_v in_o good_a quantity_n in_o holland_n they_o have_v little_a fuel_n save_o what_o be_v take_v out_o of_o their_o ditch_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v true_o say_v that_o their_o fire_n be_v as_o it_o be_v fish_v out_o of_o the_o water_n and_o its_o indifferent_a good_a fuel_n coal_n be_v find_v in_o very_a many_o place_n yet_o divers_a place_n be_v in_o great_a want_n of_o they_o 5._o let_v he_o take_v notice_n of_o the_o several_a stone_n find_v in_o this_o isle_n as_o of_o freestone_n for_o building_n cobbel_n and_o rough_a hard_a stone_n for_o pave_v tombstone_n soft_a sandy_a stone_n common_o call_v
late_a prince_n of_o orange_n by_o the_o advice_n of_o his_o council_n dare_v not_o entertain_v any_o such_o proposition_n the_o land_n belong_v to_o the_o commonalty_n on_o the_o other_o hand_n the_o undertaker_n will_v not_o be_v content_v with_o less_o for_o impart_v of_o their_o secret_n it_o appear_v unto_o i_o by_o all_o circumstance_n that_o it_o be_v the_o same_o design_n of_o husbandry_n with_o you_o the_o party_n if_o i_o remember_v well_o be_v englishman_n from_o paris_n i_o be_o advertise_v for_o certain_a of_o one_o who_o do_v last_o year_n 1649_o ferment_n one_o grain_n of_o wheat_n which_o this_o year_n have_v produce_v he_o 114_o ear_n and_o within_o they_o 6000_o grain_n which_o be_v more_o than_o 80_o ear_n and_o 600_o grain_n of_o your_o english_a friend_n this_o year_n 1650._o he_o have_v a_o great_a many_o fermented_a and_o sow_v a_o answer_n to_o the_o forego_v extract_v of_o a_o letter_n from_o amsterdam_n sir_n i_o have_v receive_v from_o you_o a_o relation_n 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