him little for besides that the French King was not counselled to yeeld vp the places which he held especially in Normandy the friendshippe which the King of Nauarre had with the English was suspect and odious vnto him although this amity were not preiudiciall to the French but rather a Neutrality to the end they might liue in peace then a league Seing therefore that hee was not wellcome hee returned presently into Nauarre from whence soone after he sent the Cardinall of Pampelone who had retyred himselfe into Nauarre after that hee had endured many miseries in Auignon for Pope Benedict He vsed such dilligence and fit meanes as he made the French King and his councell willing to giue recompence to the King of Nauarre for his lands wherefore he was constrained to repasse the Pyrenees againe In the meane time died Iohn of Montfort duke of Brittaine husband to Ioane sister to this King Charles of Nauarre who had by her husband foure children Iohn who was duke Richard Arthur and Gyles This Princesse was afterwards married to Henry of Lancaster King of England fourth of that name he who depriued his cousin Richard of the crowne by him she had not any children Charls King of Nauarre hauing caused his sonne Charles to be sworne his heire by the Estates of his realme he married D. Ioanne his eldest daughter to Iohn the eldest sonne of Archambaud who had succeeded in the county of Foix and Bearn but the death of Mathew of Castelbon his second daughter called Donna Maria died a Virgin and as for the third Mary Queene of Sicile being a little before dead who by her testament had left this realme to D. Martin her husband sonne to D. Martin King of Arragon he thought to make her Queene of Sicile and to marry her to this young D. Martin being a widower He therefore sent his Ambassadors to the King of Arragon to this effect who was very well pleased and yeelded to the marriage although they had offred him many other marches for his sonne D. Martin King of Sicile and that the Sicilians did what they could to make him incline to a marriage with Ioane sister to Ladislaus King of Naples The accord was made betwixt the King of Arragon Marriage of D. Martin King of Sicile and D. Bâ—ancâ— of Nauarre and the Ambassadors both of Nauarre and Sicile amongst which was Peter Serra Cardinal of Cartanea at a place called Altuâ—a in the Realme of Valencia in the yeere of our Lord 1401. where it was concluded that the King of Nauarre should giue in dowry with his daughter a hundred thousand florins of the stampe of Arragon whereof forty thousand in hand and threescore thousand at a certaine time for the which he should giue in pawne the townes and castles of Arguedas Santa Cato Murillo and Gallipienço the King of Arragon should binde for her dowry the townes and castles of Sos Saluaterra Vncastillo and Rueste And for that they were somewhat allied by affinity there should be a dispensation procured from Benedict For confirmation and execution of these things the Kings of Arragon and Nauarre had an enterview vpon the confines of their Realmes betwixt Cortes and Mallen where they did sweare what had beene concluded With the King of Nauarre did sweare D. Lionel of Nauarre his brother D. Charles of Beaumont chiefe Standard-bearer D. Martin of Lacarra Marshal D. Francis of Villa Espeça Chancellor of the realme Iohn Ruys of Ayuar superintendant of the treasure and D. Martin of Olloaqui prior of Saint Iohn with others In like manner did many noblemen and prelats for the King of Arragon This don the King of Arragon was conducted to Cortes where hauing beene royally feasted by the King of Nauar the Infanta D. Blanch was deliuered vnto him a Princesse of excellent beauty whom he led into his country hauing prepared a fleet at Valencia he sent her into Sicile to the King D. Martin his son vnder the charge of D. Martin of Cabrera a Knight of Cattelogne in 1402. This Lady was in the end Queene of Nauarre for soone after the content of this marriage followed a discontent for the death of D. Lewis the second son to the King of Nauar being but sixe months old and not long after that of D. Charls his eldest Death of the two sonnes of Nauarre which two Infants are buried in the Cathedral church at Pampelone and D. Blanch suruiued her eldest sister D. Ioane The crowne of Nauarre fell then to the succession of daughters and the King caused D. Ioane his eldest daughter to be againe sworne heire of the realme with her husband D. Iohn of Foix. This same yeere the Episcopal sea of Pampelone was voide by the death of Cardinal Martin of Salua bishop of that city who had past the age of 66. yeeres in great trouble and paine to maintaine the party of Pope Benedict in Auignon D. Michel of Salua his Nephew obtained the Bishoprike after him who was afterwards made Cardinal by Pâ—pe Benedict in following of whom he died two yeeres after at Monaco The King of Nauarre being the third time called in France his voiage was then more proffitable vnto him then at the precedent for he obtained of king Charles the sixt the Lordship of Neâ—oâ—rs the which was erected to a Dutchy and moreouer twelue hundred pounds starling of yeerely rent to be taken out of the reuenues of Bry and Champagne with a good summe of ready money for all pretensions and rights the which he renounced seeing he could not doe otherwise Title of Earle of Eureuâ— ceaseth in the house of Nauaâ—re and taks that of duke of Nemours in respect whereof the title of Earle of Eureux ceased in the house of Nauarre taking that of Duke of Nemours The towne of Cherbourg in Normandy held in the King of Nauarres name by the Marshal D. Martin Henriques was by this accord deliuered to the French all letters and expeditions being ended the King D. Charles returned into Nauarre an other way for he past by Languedoc and Cattelogne where he visited the King D. Martin at Lerida with great content and pleasure to these two Princes allied Passing from thence by Sarragossa he came into his country where afterwards he gaue himselfe to building in many places yea two sumptuous pallaces one in Tafalla the other in Olite the which now fall to ruine Buildings of Charles the 3. King of Nauarre for want of reparations especially that of Olite where the Marshalls of Nauarre were accustomed to lodge and the Spaniards say that he had intent to make a paued causey and couered to passe at all times without discommodity from one of these places to the other being but a little league distant The bridge of Estella vpon the riuer of Ega was this Kings worke who for that he had liued in continuall peace had store of treasure to imploy in such buildings During his aboad in France there had beene some
conquests but when as Acliulf saw that Theodoric had turned his back he caused himselfe to be proclaimed king and seized vpon the kingdome forgetting his faith Acliulf punished for his trecherie and the dutie which he ought vnto his master who had honoured him so much wherewith Theodoric being much moued he returned and finding him readie to resist him he fought with him and slew him vpon the place The Sueues desirous to be reconciled to Theodoric caused their Bishops to sue for their pardon the which they not onely obtained but he also gaue them leaue to chuse a king of their owne nation So the Sueues in the furthest parts of Gallicia made choice of Masdra the sonne of Massila Humanitie of the Gothes to the Sueues vanquished for their king but being of sundrie opinions another faction proclaimed Frauta Theodoric after all this passed into Lusitania meaning to sacke Emerita or Merida but either for the respect he bare to S. Eulalie or for feare as they say he did abstaine From that time hauing diuided his armie into three he sent one part into Vandalusia vnder the commaund of a captaine named Cherula or Ceurila another into Gallicia led by Sigeric and Nepotian these did much annoy the disagreeing Sueues and he himselfe with the other third part returned into Gaule Gothique which was Languedoc where in few dayes he tooke Narbonne by the treason of Count Agrippin or Rauennius who was Gouernour thereof or according vnto some hee receiued it of Gilon who then reigned in Fraunce during the time that Childeric was in exile meaning by this bountie to fortifie himselfe with the Visigothes against the French who began to be discontented with his exactions and tyrannies The majestie of the Romane Empire in the West was then troden vnderfoot Gouernours ambitious and disloyall after the death of Valentinian for in euery prouince the gouernours and captaines of armies caused themselues to be proclaimed Emperours and supported one another so as Spaine was wholly abandoned to the Visigothes and the Gaules to them and the French and to pettie tyrants The Sueues being diuided in Gallicia had chosen as is said two kings one faction would haue Masdra the other obeyed Frauta but he died within few daies after whom the same faction did chuse Rechimund who hauing made an accord with Masdra they entred jointly with a great armie into Lusitania Foure kings of the Sueues in Spaine and spoyled it Masdra was slaine by his owne people after whom that partie created Frumar king but Rechimund opposed himselfe so as these two pettie kings impatient one of another fell to spoyle Gallicia one on the one side and the other on the other side Arismund 8. K. of the Sueues Frumar being dead Remismund or Arismund the sonne of Masdra brought all the Sueues vnder his obedience and was peaceable king of Gallicia The Sueues since Recchiaire had receiued the Christian religion reasonably pure concerning the principall points and had continued in the same vntill the time of this king Arismund who receiued a certaine Gaule called Aiax an Arrian thinking ill of the mysterie of the holy Trinitie into Gallicia who infected the whole countrey with his heresie the which was maintained many yeares by many kings whose names and deeds haue beene buried by writers in hatred of their impieties In the meane time there had bin ten Emperors in Italie of small fame and of lesse exploits who made no great opposition against the Visigothes and French so as the one seized vpon Spaine and the other vpon Gaule leauing but very obscure markes of the imperiall authoritie it may be for the good of these two rich regions who were better gouerned vnder those generous and free nations than they should haue beene vnder the Romanes who were corrupted with all vices and but a medley of all other nations In these times the Bishops of Spaine would in their life time chuse successors to their Bishoprickes the which was reprooued in a Councell held at Rome Resignation of Bishopricks reproued vnder Pope Hilarie Remismund or Arismund sought friendship and peace with Theodoric the which he did courteously graunt and moreouer Theodoric made an alliance with him by the marriage of a daughter of his the which hee sent him vnder the conduct of Sallan Maior of the palace with rich presents Remismund growne proud with these honours he seized againe vpon Lusitania where he tooke Conimbrica and spoyled it Lisbone was deliuered vnto him by Lusides who commaunded there during which things Theodoric was slaine at Tolouse by his brother Euric or Henry hauing reigned foureteene yeares vnder him liued Sydonius Apollinaris who of an Earle became a Bishop 5. Henry or Euric or Eoric 12 DEsire to reigne induced Henry to kill his brother Theodoric Ann. 471. who as some say receiued that which he had done to another for some did thinke that Theodoric and Frederic had beene authors of the death of Torismund their eldest brother Leon was at that time Emperour of Rome Exploits of Henry sitting at Constantinople As soone as Henry was seated in the royall throne of the Visigothes he entred into Spaine with a great army and seized vpon the whole countrey on this side Ebro for he tooke Pampelone Sarragosse and other places of the prouince of Tarracona then running into Lusitania and seeing the combustions which were in the Romane Empire on this side the Pyrenees he assayled Arles and Marseilles and joyned them vnto his kingdome and defeated Riothime king of the Britons who came against him in fauour of the Romanes with twelue thousand men Vindemir brother to Theodomir and vncle to Theodoric an Ostrogothe being king of Italie brought him forces out of Hungarie and gaue him meanes to seize vpon part of Gaule Hee caused the Gothes lawes to bee set downe in writing Proidigies who vntill that time had bin gouerned by customes Being at Arles where he held a generall assembly in armes according to the manner of that nation they did see the yron of their launces and other weapons change colour looking greene red blacke yellow and of diuers other colours and soone after the king died hauing reigned 17 yeares He was an Arrian Henrie an Arrian a persecutor of the Church as his predecessors and did persecute the churches shut vp the temples and caused them to be hedged about with thornes that they should forget the way to assemble During the reigne of this Henry Odoacer a Herule or Saxon entred into Italie who hauing forced Augustule who tearmed himselfe Emperor to leaue his purple robe he made himself king of Italie the which he held the space of 15 or 16 yeares 6. Alaric 13 ALaric succeeded his father Euric Punishment of a trecherâ—us Gouernor being the second of that name who reigned ouer the Visigothes at Tolouse when as Clouis the first Christian king reigned ouer the French In his reigne the Romanes had yet some lands in Spaine
Emperour D. Alphonso and with him the Earle of Barcelone accompanied with a good number of his Knights of Cattelogne to honour these kings It was this king Lewis who had put away Elenor Dutchesse of Guienne and Couâ—esse of Poictiers who married with Henry king of England which was the cause of long warres in France The yeare following 1151. Arragon and Barcelone for as much as the towne of Tarragone was not wel peopled it may be for that it did belong vnto the Archbishop and the Clergie and that feare of the Moores which were neere kept the people in those places which were commanded by martiall men The Archbishop D. Bernard Cord made cession againe of the sayd Towne vnto the Earle D. Raymond resigning it into his hands with the permission of Pope Eugenius the third and with the consent of the Chapter and Bishops Suffraganes ganes of the Church Don Raymond put it instantly into the hands of a Knight called Robert and did inuest him with a title of Principalitie The same yeare his wife D. Petronille Queene of Arragon was brought in bed of her sonne Don Raymond whose name after the decase of his father was changed to Don Alphonso and hee inherited the Realme of Arragon and Principalitie of Cattelogne Genealogie of Arragon This deliuerie was so dangerous as the Queene resoluing to dye made her will and instituted her after-birth for her heire and the Earle his father for Gouernour of his Estates but God deliuered her and sent her health after which shee had Don Sancho who was Earle of Roussillon and of Cerdagne and two daughters D. Aldonça the eldest married to Sancho the first of that name and second King of Portugall the other was wife to Don Armingol Earle of Vrgel After Queene Petronilles lying in Don Raymond cleansing the rest of the Countrie which lyes betwixt Sarrgossa and Torrosa of Moores hee to-oke from them the Castell of Mirauet A little before D Berenguels Queene of Castile was deceased who desired to be interred at Saint Iemes for the great opinion she had of the Apostles intercession as she had beene instructed by her Prelates D. Sancho the seuenth of that name the 20. King of Nauuarre 18 D. Sancho surnamed the Wise Nauarre sonne to D. Garcia beeing come to the Crowne of Nauarre hee made an Assembly and enteruiew of Princes at Tudele neere vnto Aigues-chaudes whither came the Emperour D. Alphonso and his sonne Don Sancho King of Castile and D. Raymond Berenger Prince of Arragon where they conspired against the new King of Nauarre and set downe many Articles concerning the warre as the Emperour and Earle had done some yeare before Among others they agreed That the Realme of Nauarre should be conquered at their common charge and diuided equally betwixt them except the forts which the Nauarrois held belonging to the Crowne of Arragon the which should be re-united As for the towne of Tudele the Iurisdiction should be diuided the moitie thereof entring into that portion of the lands which lye from Ebro to Montcajo and that for one halfe of the Realme of Nauarre which the Earle should enioy he should as Gouernour of Arragon do homage to the King of Castille That by Saint Michels day next ensuing the Infant Don Sancho should take vnto him D. Blanche the Infanta of Nauarre to marry her or if the thought good to leaue her These and such other like conditions were concluded betwixt these Princes to the ruine of the young King D. Sancho of Nauarre and of his Estates if God had not preserued him With this resolution the Castillan and Arragonois parted from Tudele and went euery one into his Countrie to giue order for that which was needfull for the warres thinking that their enemie who was but a child could not defend himselfe against so great forces but God had otherwise decreed and confounded all their practises Soone after D. Pedro â— ' Athares dyed who had fayled to bee King of Nauarre and Arragon the founder of the Monasterie of S. Mary of Veruela where he was interred The Nauarro is doubting some practise against their Prince in this Assembly of Tudele were very carefull to fortifie their frontier places and to renew the allyances of the house of Nauarre with the French king and other Noblemen of that nation The young king D. Sancho was crowned after the death of his father in the Church of Pampelone where he sware to obserue the lawes and statutes of the Countrie which were the same which they call at this day the lawe of Arragon according to the which Nauarre Guipuscoa and the places ioying to Nauarre were then gouerned Saint Sebastian which was at that time a place of great trafficke had priuiledges granted by him and so had the Towne of Durando in Biscaye They surnamed this king the Sage for that in truth he was a wife and a discreet Prince and for his valour and courage hee was called by some Valiant Hee had some knowledge of learning honored learned men and was studious of the Scriptures as the vse was in those times and shewed himselfe a great Iusticer for all which vertues he was much esteemed by other Princes and was honoured feared and loued of his subiects The armies of the league made at Tudele beganne to annoy him at his first entrance and did him some harme vppon his fronters yet he did not loose any place of importance for although hee were very young yet he was of an actiue spirit and a noble courage and was well and faithfully assisted by his allies and serued by the Nauarrois The warre was hottest in the valley of Roncall but there is no mention that either in that yeare or in the other following there was any memorable exployt done and they hold that Lewis the French king who had beene a great friend to Don Garcia his deceased father French king fauours the king of Nauarre did wonderfully crosse the enterprises of the League and hindred them all he could beeing either vppon his treatie of marriage or else newly married to Dona Isabells Infsanta of Castile in fauour of which allyance the Emperour D. Alphonso did desist from that warre or did neglect it and Don Sancho his sonne King of Castile who had his choice to marrie D. Blanche Genealogie of Castile or to leaue her married her and had a Ionne by her at the end of the yeare called D. Alphonso who was king of Castile and Toledo after the father Some hold that the marriage of king Lewis with D. Isabella was after all this in the yeare 1154. and that the King of Nauarre came to Burgos to the celebration thereof the which was admired by the French for the exceeding pompe The Countrie of Nagera was then one of the chief gouernments of Castile for the Gouernour thereof was Captaine generall of the fronter towards Nauarre The Infant Don. Sancho who was called king of Castile did enioy those lands
the other This was the practise of those kings when they had a desire to change their wiues either for their pleasures or for some other aduancements the Pope interposing himselfe dispencing binding or dissoluing at his will and pleasure by the authoritie of the Romish Sea The second daughter of D. Sancho king of Portugal and of D. Aldoncia was Donna Malfada Queene of Castile a Lady of rare beauty whom D. Henry of Castile married but Pope Innocent the 3. dissolued this marriage within few daies by the solicitation of D. Berenguela sister to this king of Castile who in disdaine that Don Aluaro de Lara had concluded it without her priuitie informed the Pope of their neere allyance that was betwixt them and perswaded him to separate them but this Princesse being thus reiected retired in great disdaine into Portugal where she liued the rest of her daies in the Monasterie of Ronca built by her The third daughter was Donna Sancha a Nunne in the Monasterie of Saint Francis of Alanguer built by her The fourth Donna Blanche Lady of Guadalacaria in Castile and the fifth and last was D. Berenguela who was not maried but did accompany her eldest sister Donna Theresa when as she retired to the Monastery of Lorban This King D. Sancho had familiarity with two Gentlewomen after the death of his wife the first was called Donna Maria Aires of Fornello by whom hee had one daughter called Donna Vrraca and D. Martin Sanches of Portugall who was Gouernor of the fronter of Portugall and a great fauourite to Don Alphonso king of Leon his brother-in-law he married Donna Olalla Peres daughter to the Earle D. Pero Fernandes de Castro Don Sancho did marrie this Gentlewoman his friend to knight called D. Gil Vasquez de Sonça and tooke a second friend whose name was Donna Maria Peres de Ribera whom he loued much and by her had Donna Theresa Sanches who was wife to Don Alphonso Tellez founder of the towne of Albuquerque and had also one sonne called D. Ruy Sancho of Portugall and another daughter Donna Constance Sanches who built the Monasterie of Saint Francis at Coimbrâ— D. Ruy Sancho was slaine in a battaile neere vnto Porto so as the king D. Sancho had in all fifteene children nine lawfull and sixe Banards whereof there were seuen sonnes and eight daughters After the decease of his father hauing raigned abour foure yeares when as they began to treat of a League against the King of Castile whereof we haue made mention certaine English and French ships beeing arriued at Lisbone with many Knights and souldiers which went to the holy Land by the Streight of Gibraltar beeing stayed there by soule weather hee made vse of this occasion and intreated these passengers to assist him at the siege of Silues in the countrie of Algarbe and about the same time there arriued eighteen other ships of war which his brother-in-law Philip Earle of Flanders sent him with which forces hee tooke Sylues and did great harme vnto the Moores of that countrie It was at that time when the Emperour Frederick Barbarossa king Philip Augustus of France and Richard king of England called Corde-Lyon made their voyage into the East that this towne of Silues was taken from the Moores by the helpe of these strangers This King Don Sancho built more townes and peopled more countries then any of the kings of Portugall whereby he purchased the name of Poblador which is as much to say as Builder or peopler of Townes Valencia of Minio Torres-nouas Monte-Maior the new Batellas Penamaçor Sortella Penella Figueira Couillana Folgacino and Montemor were his works with many other places part of the which hee gaue to the Orders of Saint Iames and Auis which began in his time in Portguall to Saint Iames hee gaue Alcacar de Sal Pamela and Almada and to that of Auis Valeillas Alcanebe Geromegna Alcantade and Alpedrin with the castell of Mafra He recouered Yelbes from the Moores which they had taken from Portugall 25 D. Alphonso king of Castille Castile against whom as wee haue sayd the other foure Christian Kings of Spaine had made a League had not yet beene much annoyed thereby in the yeare 1194. An. 1194. wherefore hee thought rather to vndertake some warre against the Moores then to defend himselfe against his neighbours of whom he made shew to haue so little feare as he would not leaue any thing which he had taken or that were in controuersie nay Fort of Nauarre betwixt Logrogno and Negera he built a towne betwixt Logrogno and Nagera the which he called Nauarret to the which he gaue many liberties and freedomes as appeares by his letters granted in an assembly at Carrion in the yeare 1095. Notwithstanding all this the Confederats did not stirre but Histories make mention that D. Sancho surnamed the Strong king of Nauarre who had newly succeeded his father Don Sancho the Wise beeing deceased the yeare before 1194. and he of Leon allyed themselues with the King of Castile for the warre which he intended against the Moores of Andalusia to beginne the which he sent for Chiefe and General of his armie D. Martin Arch-bishop of Toledo a Prelate much esteemed by the Historiographers of Spaine by reason of his great vertues honoured among others by Don Roderigo his successour who termes Don Martin Stole the Diademe of the Church his wisedome prouidence the peace of many his tongue the reformation of discipline his hands the releefe of the poore and his armes the persecution of Blasphemie with other such Spanish elegancies saying in the end that the Church was happie which had such a Pastor these are his very words This Arch-bishop finding armes the fittest meanes to propagate the faith of Christ made so furious an entry into Andalusia as he left horrible markes throughout the whole Prouince where he filled all with murther ruine fire and desolation and then returned triumphantly beeing laden with great and rich spoiles but this expedition beeing suddenly made against the Moores did afterwards bring more miserie and dishonor to the King and his Estate then it had done profit or honor vnto the Bishop who had shewed more rage and fury then valour reason or warlike discipline 26 The Arch-bishops exploit did so incense Aben Ioseph King of the Arabians Moores beeing sollicited by the Moores of Spaine as hauing with great speed leuied a mighty armie of Affricane Arabians yea out of the regions neerest vnto the Negros hee passed the Sâ—eight and came into Andalusia where he ioyned with the Moores of Spaine and marched beyond the mountaine which they call Sierra Morena against the Christians King Don Alphonso the Noble beeing aduertised of this great preparation was come to lodge at Alarcos a fort at that time by reason of the situation of great Importance whether all his vassalls and men of warre of Toledo Extremadura and Castile came where hee also attended supplies from Nauarre and Leon. The Moores
king Thibaud who was called the Elder to distinguish him from his sonne and successor being also of the same name of whose deedes wee haue no great instructions out of histories onely we haue gathered out of some writings and records tending to other ends 〈…〉 that which we shall relate of him He was thrice married as the Spaniards write First he had to wife a Lady of Lorraine daughter to an Earle of Metz froÌ„ whom he was diuorced by the Popes authoritie hauing no children His second wife was daughter to Guichard Lord of Beaujeu who it may be was the 3. of that name from which marriage issued Blanche who 〈◊〉 married to Iohn Duke of Brittaine surnamed thered Thirdly he married Marguerite daughter to Archembaud one of the Earles of Foix it may be there is some error in the name for there is no mention made in the Histories of that time of any Archembaud of Foix of whom he begot Thibaud and Henry who succeeded one after another in the Realme of Nauarre and one daughter called Donna Leonora and Don Pedro Lord of the house of Muruçabal which is now ruined neere vnto Mendegerria so called in the Biscaine tongue which significs a redde mountaine All these marriages or at the least the two first were before his comming to the crowne of Nauarre which was in the 33. yeare of his age The manners of this Prince are commended by the Spaniards saying That he was liberal modest a great builder louing musicke curious of matters belonging to tillage Dispâ—sion of King 〈◊〉 by reason whereof he planted his country of Nauarre with many sorts of vnknowne frutes the which he caused to bee brought out of France so as there is yet a kind of Peare of Nauarre which they call Thibuatinas or Thibaudines he was a great catholike and zealous of the Romish Religion the castell of Treuas was of his building In his time there was a great sute ended betwixt the blacke Monkes Benedictines and those of Cisteaux for that the deceased king D. Sancho would haue changed the ancient Monkes of Saint Sauueur of Leyre and placed them of the Order of Cisteaux there the which he could not effect being violently oppugned by the Benedictins who during the raigne of king Thibaud lost their cause but notwithstanding that they were condemned and dipossessed yet they gaue it not ouer vntill they were restored to their auncient possession the which was after the death of Thibaud the second Henry his brother raigning to whom they bound themselues to pay 600. charges of corne yearely vntill they had deliuered the summe of 8500. Marauidis of gold Finally to end the new instances which were daily made by the one or the other D. Sancho Archb. of Toledo Infant of Arragon and he of Tarragone hauing authority from the Apostolike sea of Rome commanded the Monkes of S. Benet to perpetuall silence and restored them of Cisteaux to the possession and after the death of the king D. Henry the Gouernor of Nauarre freed the Monks of this tribute for the discharge of the Kings conscience as an excessiue vniust Impost Thus the Cistercian Mònkes of S. Bernard remained in quiet possession of the Monastery of S. Sauuâ—ur of Leyre By reason of the contentions of these Monks there were many letters remembrances and records of this Monasterie lost the which did serue much in those times for the illustrating of matters of Nauarre The Christian affaires in Syria being ill managed Thâ—baud theâ— king 〈…〉 goes into 〈◊〉 and their estate in those parts declining much Pope Gregory the 9. cauâ—ed a Croysado to be preached throughout all Christendome by the Monkes of the Orders of S. Dominick and S. Francis wherefore many Princes and great Personages of France and other countries inrolled themselues of which expedition Thibaud king of Nauarre was the chiefe The Noblemen and Knights Christians desiring to passe their troupes by sea could not be accommodated by the Commonweales of Genoa and Pisa who were then very strong in shipping by reason of the mutuall warre they had together to the great preiudice of Christendome The Venetians in like manner troubled with the affairs of the Empire of Greece gaue them no meanes to performe this voyage Wherfore king Thibaud and his troupe were forced to take their way by land into Syria where beeing atriued at Antioch after infinit toyle hauing to incounter with hunger diseases and want of all things besides the enemy who had seazed vpon the passages in the streights of Mouâ—t Taurus he found that two parts of his souldiers which had come out of France Nauarre and the fronters of Germany were wanting beeing either dead by the way or slaine by the Turks the remainders of these poore Christians arriued at Acre which is the ancient Ptolemaide where they began to make war against the Turks with small sucâ—â—sse A litle before this expedition Vanity of the 〈◊〉 Frederâ—â—ke the 2. the Emperor Frederick the 2. had bin in Palestina and as if he had had no other occasion to make this voyage but ambitiously to seeke to ioyne the vaine tide of king of Ierusalem to the rest which he carried of many kingdomes he entred the citty of Ierusalem without any resistance hauing purchased the fauor of Corradin Sultan of Egypt and hauing caused himselfe to be crowned there he returned presently into Italy hauing made a truce with the Infidels 〈◊〉 left some Germane souldiers in those contries to supply the garrisons who had no good correspondency with the king of Nauarre nor his men neither could they euer draw any succors from them for that they held the French to be affected to the Pope with whom their Emperor had had great quarrels wherfore they were forced to make war alone And the more to crosse K. Thibauds good fortune it fell out that many Noblemen which came in his company disbanded and returned home among the which was the Duke of Brittany so as the king D. Thibaud after many vnfortunate Incounters was forced to returne by sea into the west Beeing arriued in France he made some abode there to visit his lands and then he past into Nauarre Don Thibaud king of Nauarre made not this voyage in the company of Saint Lewis the French king as some write but some yeares before beeing in the yeere 1238. where as that of S. Lewis was ten yeares after or twelue as some affirme as it appeares by the histories of France 26 In the same yeare 1238. 1238. Arragon the citty of Valencia hauing beene long beseeged by Don Iaime King of Arragon and reduced to great necessitie was yeelded vnto him by Zaen the Moore who had vsurped that Principalitie who retiring to Denia left it without men or goods Valence taken Peopling of Vaâ—ence leading with him aboue 50000. Moores who carried with them according to the composition their gold siluer armes and all their mooueables so as that citie which was held one of the richest and
the towne of Carrion the weeke before Easter whether the Earle D. Lope Diaz came well accompanied he complained vnto him of the excesse which his sonne in law D. Iohn had done to whom the Earle answered proudly Speech audatious of the Earl D. Lope Diaz de Haro that hee had not done any thing but what he had aduised him and that if hee would heare the Infants reasons hee should goe to Vailledolit and hee would bring him to Cigales This proud manner of speech of the Earles seemed strange vnto the King and increased his desire to punish them both Notwithstanding he went to Vailledolit and the Earle with his sonne in law came to Cigales not daring to come in the Kings presence in any great towne There the Deputies of either part did confer dayly at a place called Loueruela whereas these iarres were somewhat reconciled wherevpon the King came towards the frontiers of Arragon to treat with the King D. Alphonso touching the deliuery of his Nephewes the sonnes of La Cerde whereof hee was much sollicited euen by the Earle D. Lope Diaz Notwithstanding before the King D. Sancho could approch nere to Tarassone where the King of Arragon was the Earle had preuented him who hauing spoken with the King of Arragon hee reported vnto his maister that he found by the way that the King of Arragon would not be pleased with this kinde of enterview and therefore hee had no need to passe any farther The Earle finding himselfe somewhat crost by the enterview of the King D. Sancho and him of Portugal did also thinke that this would bee nothing fauorable vnto him 6 As for D. Arragon Alphonso of Arragon whom we haue left carefull to execute the charge which the King his father had giuen him to dispossesse the King D. Iames his vncle of the Islands of Majorca and Minorca after the conquest thereof hee had brought backe his victorious army to Valencia and there was receiued and acknowledged for King by the Valentians Yet he was admonished by D. Bernard William Entenza and Symon of Vrrea Ambassadors for the Estates of Vrrea to come speedily to the assembly at Saragossa where hauing sworne and promised the obseruation of the customes rights and preuiledges of the country and receiued the oth of fealty from the deputies he might lawfully take vpon him the title of King of Arragon the which said they he might not vse before this act and ceremony according to the ancient customes of Arragon The King hauing giuen them audience at Moruiedro he answered them courteously that he would repaire thether with speed and as for the royal title he had held it reasonable to take it seeing he had beene so saluted by the Archbishop of Tarragone and by the Cattelans and Valentians Being come to Saragossa he tooke and receiued the oth and was crowned by the Bishop of Huesco in the absence of the Archbishop of Tarragone to whom by the Popes decree this office doth appertaine where he protested that he held the realme as hereditary from his father and was not bound to any At this assembly of the Estates which was in the yeere 1286. there grew great contention touching the reformation of the manners of courtiers and the ordering of the Kings house the noblemen and deputies of the Estates of Arragon maintayning that the knowledge thereof was incident to their charge the King and his houshold seruants on the other side denied that there was either law or custome which tied the King or his followers to any such subiection In the end it was concluded that the reformation of the court should bee made by Reformatiâ—â— of the King of Arragon house beâ—orâ—ged to the generall Estates twelue of the principal families which they cal in that country Mesnadas the like number of Knights foure Deputies of Saragossa and one of either of the other cities the which should giue their voices in that case This vnion of Arragon obtained a decree that the King should haue certaine councellors chosen that is foure of the chiefe Noblemen which were D. Pedro d' Aierbe the kings vncle Pedro Cornel Artal Alagon and Pedro Martines de Luna foure knights of noble and ancient races which were D. Fortun Sanches Vera Symon Perez Salanoua Symon Perez Vera and Arnaud de Castro and foure of his household seruants that is D. Gyles de Bedaure Roderigo Sanches Pomar Alphonso de Castel nouo and Fernand Perez Pigna Moreouer two knights for the realme of Valencia two citizens of Sarragossa and one of either of the other cities of Huesca of Tarassone Iacca Barbastro Calatajub Turol and Daroca with a condition that whilst the King should remaine in Arragon Ribagorça or Valencia two of the noblemen two of his houshold seruants two Knights of Arragon one of Valencia and the foure Deputies of the realme of Arragon should follow and reside in court as councellors appointed by the vnion the which by the mouth of D. Fortun Sancho de Vera Sancho Martines Laeunella and the Deputies of Saragossa Huesca and Turol who were sent to that end protested that if he did not receiue obserue and maintaine these orders they would seize vpon his reuenues and of all the fees offices and dignitles of such noblemen as should contradict them thus were the Kings of Arragon intreated in those times This yeere the King restored D. Philip de Gastro sonne to his vncle D. Fernand Sanches who as we haue sayd was cast into the riuer of Singa as wel to the possession of the Moores expelled out of Minâ—reâ— castle of Pomar as to the rest of his fathers patrimony and for that there were some remainders of Moores which stood out in the Island of Minorca the King soone after went thether with an army in person and clensed the whose country hauing forced them to fly into the castle of Agaic and to compound from whence according to the treaty they were transported into Affrike by D. Raymond Marquet and Berenger Majol In the meane time King D. Alphonso did sollicit the Pope by his Ambassadors to receiue him into fauour which the French did hinder for besides the rights pretended by Charles of Valois and granted to him by the Pope to the realme of Arragon and lands anexed which were interdict there was moreouer that not onely the two yong Princes D. Alphonso and D. Fernand de la Cerde were detained prisoners by the King of Arragon but also Charles called the Limping sonne and heire to Charles of Aniou King of Naples and Sicile for whose release Philip the father and sonne Kings of France had beene earnest solicitors and taken armes and euen at that instant Philip the faire did presse the Kings of Castille and Arragon and in regard of Charles the Limping Eâ—ward King of England did labour to make a peace betwixt him and the Kings of Arragon and Sicile brethren In the meane time there was continual warre in Italy whether Robert Earle of
from Bilbao This towne retained the name of a little hamlet neere vnto it so called as that time but they now call it Bilbao the old to make a difference betwixt it and the towne where there is at this day as good trafficke for the Northerne parts as at any vppon that coast It was first peopled by men borne thereabouts Beyond that towne the Bascangado language is no more in vse which they will haue to be the ancient Cantabria In the assembly of Vailledolit the Queen D. Maria had obtained great summes of money from some of the townes and Commonalties to make warre against the rebels and D. Henry had beene made Gouernor of the Mores fronter who notwithstanding sought to entertaine the troubles and diuisions where he tooke great delight neither did hee care if that Tariffe had fallen into the king of Granados hands Don Iohn Nugnes de Lara beeing returned out of France hee beganne to ouer-runne the Bishopricke of Calaorra with the Nauarrois and French against whom D. Alphonso de Haro aduanced with some troupes leuied in hast and finding him in a conuenient place he fought with him defeated him D. Iohn Nugnes de Lara defeated and taken prisâ—ner and tooke him prisoner deliuering him into the hands of the Queene D. Maria who hauing recouered from him all the places he held of the Crowne of Castile and made him sweare that he shold from thencefoorth faithfully serue her sonne D. Fernand she gaue him his libertie An. 1301. In the yeare 1301. the King of Portugall came to Plaisance to meet with the Queene D. Maria where they did treat to sue vnto the Pope for a dispensation of the marriagse which they had contracted betwixt the Infants of Castille and of Portugall conferring of the charges they must be at not onely to obtaine these dispensations from Pope Boniface but also the legitimation of the King D. Fernand for that the marriage betwixt the deceased King D. Sancho and D. Maria of Molina had neuer beene dispenced withall For the effecting whereof they must haue good store of doublons for Pope Boniface although he were of a Spanish race yet would he not do any thing for them without a good fee. After the taking and composition of D. Iohn Nugnes de Lara the Infant D. Iohn seeing himselfe abandoned of his best friend reconciled himselfe vnto the widow Queene and to the King Don Fernand her sonne quitting the title of king of Leon and all that he held in that country and for that D. Diego Lope de Haro held the country of Biscay which did belong vnto his wife D. Maria Diaz de Haro hee had in recompence therof the towns of Mansilla Paredes Medina de Riosecco Castro-nouo and Cabreros for the Councell were not of opinion that they should discontent Don Diego Lopes in dispossessing him These things thus repayred it seemed that all troubles had beene pacified within the Realme but those which were entertayned by the Infant Don Alphonso de la Cerde wherfore it was resolued to repell him couragiously beginning by the seege of Almaçan which held for him but D. Henry who desired no peace in Spaine disappointed this enterprise and afterwards the King of Arragon and he hauing met at Ariza they made leagues and confederacies without acquainting the Queene or her Councell therwith The King of Arragon tooke Lorca both towne and castell by the sufferance of Don Henry and Don Iohn also Thus was this couragious Queene opprest with a thousand insupportable difficulties in her Gouernement and Regency which were procured by her owne subiects besides the feare she had of forraine enemies There was a new assembly of estates called at Burgos and afterwards continued at Zamora where there were granted a subuention of great summes of mony for the war and also for the dispensations which they demanded from the Pope who by that meanes granted them and they were published The Infants D. Henry and D. Iohn beeing still discontented did soone begin to make new practises to diuide the king and his mother whose wisedome and iudgement did displease them The Queene beeing at Burgos there came other Ambassadors to her from the French king to aduise her to do him reason for the lands of Nagera the riuer of Oja and others that were held by the precedent kings of Castile otherwise they did protest in their Masters name that he would haue recourse to armes whereat the Queene was much perplexed apprehending greatly the forces of such a king as Philip the Faire was Hauing conferred with D. Henry D. Iohn of Castile and D. Iohn Nugnes de Lara it was concluded with the Ambassadors that the Queene of Castile and the Gouernor of Nauar should meet at Victoria where they should treate of all differences Whilst that this poore Princesse did labor to maintaine her sons estate the Noblemen aboue-named carried away the king to Leon and did separate him from her neither was there any thing concluded at the interview of Victoria for the great differences of either part The king D. Iames sent a knight vnto D. Maria Queene of Castile beeing at Victoria Arragon to tell her that if she would be a meanes that he might hold the towne of Alicante without any controuersie he would restore all that he had taken in the Realme of Murcia wherunto she would not consent for hauing like a Lady of iudgement intelligence what was done by her neighbours she did not now so much feare the king of Arragon as shee had done seeing him in trouble with his Nobility by reason of a tribute which he had imposed as well vpon the Nobility as the rest of his Realme Selga a tribute Diuisions in Arragon called Selga wherefore she sought to haue intelligence with the malcontents of Arragon to intertaine and augment these diuisions About this time dyed the Queene D. Constance mother to the king D. Iames and D. Frederick at Barcelona The Queene-mother of Castile hearing the wrong they had done her Castile in carrying away her son she came with all speed to Vailledolit and to disappoint her aduersaries desseigns she sent vnto the king of Portugal to effect the marriage betwixt the king her son and the Infanta D. Constance that by this means she might get from him the places which he held in pawne of the Crowne of Castile wherunto the Portugois yeelded But they which held the youg king D. Fernand desirous to entertaine the king of Portugals fauor to the end they might be supported by him in their tyrannies aduised him not to yeeld vp any thing promising that the marriage should be accomplished when he pleased whereat he was very glad and stayed not long to put the married couple together but did not giue vp the townes Hereupon the king D. Fernand called an assembly of the Estates at Medina del campo whither the Deputies wold not come without the expresse commandement of the Queene-mother but she appointed them to go
them free with the forts in the hands of the Estates to inuest them to whom by right it should belong 10 That if they infring any of these Articles or any part of them the subiects should be quit of their oth of subiection which they ought them These Articles being promised and sworne by the King and Queene they were sollemnly crowned and the Deputies of the Estates Noblemen and Officers of the crowne tooke their oth of obedience Coronation of Philip of Eueâ—euâ— in the Cathedral chruch of Pampelone And afterwards there were orders set downe by the King and Queene for the Gouernment of the Realme the which being written were sent into France and confirmed by King Philip of Valois at Paris the same yeere of our Lord 1329. After that time the French Kings had no command in Nauarre hauing held that realme eight and fifty yeeres vnited to the crowne of France yet King Philip of Valois retained of the inheritance of his cousin the Countesse of Bry and a while after hee gaue them other lands in exchange yet not of that value Philip and Ieanne King of Nauarre had these children following Genealogy of Nauarre Charles who succeded in the realme Philip Earle of Longueuille Lewis Earle of Beaumont le Royer and afterwards Duke of Duras Ieanne married to the vicont of Rohan Mary Queene of Arragon wife to D. Pedro the ceremonious Blanche Queene of France last wife to Philip of Valois and Agnes Countesse of Foix married to Gaston Phaebus some of which were borne before their Election and some after Lewis the third sonne of this marriage was Earle of Beaumont in Normandie for that he married the heire of that house by whom he had one sonne called Charles of Beaumont who married the daughter of the Vicont of Mauleon in Nauar Beginning of the house of Beaumont in Nauarre and was the first Standard-bearer of the realm through the fauour of King Charles his vncle Of this Charles of Beaumont is descended the house of Beaumont in Nauarre After the death of the Countesse of Beaumont Lewis married Ieanne daughter and heire to the Duke of Duras vpon the coast of Macedonia towards the Adriatike sea and was intitled Duke These things being done in Nauarre King Philip being aduertised that the French King marched with a mighty army against the Flemings rebelled who had chased away Lewis their Earle and committed many insolencies against the Kings Officers both in words and deeds he parted out of Nauarre beeing loath to faile him at need who had so kindly suffered him to take possession of the Realme leauing the Queene D. Ieanne to gouerne Nauarre He was present at the battaile which King Philip of Valois gaue the Flemings at Cassel whereas twenty thousand were slaine vpon the place by meanes whereof Count Lewis was restored to his Estate and the Flemings subdued This warre being ended the King of Nauarre returned into his realme It was then that the Infant D. Alphonso de la Cerde sonne to D. Fernand eldest sonne to King D. Alphonso of the Astrologuer being ill intreated in Castille Donation made by the Infant D Alphonso de la Cerde to the Kings of Nauarre where he pretended the crowne made a donation vnto the crowne of Nauarre of the rights which he pretended in Guipuscoa Alaua Rioja and other lands the which had in former times belonged to Nauarre and were vsurped and retained by the Kings of Castille Some affirme that this donation was made in the yere of our Lord 1330. But howsoeuer King Philip desirous to do Iustice to gouerne his Realm wel which had great need and therefore was necessary to entertaine peace with his neighbours made no great account thereof at that time but sent Ambassadors to D. Alphonso then raigning in Castile Ambassadors sent from Nauarre to Castille to seeke his friendship The Ambassadors found the King at Talauera la Reyna who entertained them well Their Ambassage was that the Realme hauing many yeeres wanted the Soueraigne Magistate and in a manner abandoned by their Kings it was no wonder if many things had happened contrarie to the ancient alliances betwixt the houses of Castille and Nauarre for what did the Viceroys and Gouernors care beeing strangers hauing no resemblance of manners nor other bond of friendship with the Spaniards how all things went so as they were obeyed in the country and that they might vaunt they had rather done wrong then receiued any keeping continuall garrisons of strangers ready to commit any insolencies whereof God had some times shewed his Iudgement euen in the last incounter neere vnto Beotibar where by an extraordinary and miraculous punishmen God had chastised the negligence of the foure last Kings which had held the realme of Nauarre who had respected it so little as they had scarce looked towards it yea the two last neuer came nere it which had made the bad to grow more insolent and so to continue vntill that the lawfull heires of the crowne of Nauarre were come to their possession by the decease of King Charles the Faire Philip Earle of Eureux husband to their true Queene D. Ieanne being called to raigne who had sent this Ambassage vnto him to let him vnderstand these things as a neighbour Prince and friend with whom they desired to entertaine peace and friendship by all good offices which Princes and neighbour Estates may receiue one from an other The King D. Alphonso hauing heard this Ambassage fitted vnto the deseignes of the new Kings of Nauarre moderating the things which had past betwixt these two realms before their Election answered that hee was glad the Nauarrois had had meanes to recouer them for their Kings to whom the crowne did by right belong and that for his part he desired to entertaine a perpetuall friendship with King Philip and Queene Ieanne and to shew it by the effects in any occasion that should be offered wherewith he would acquaint his subiects to the end their Kings vassals both Nauarrois and French should be well intreated in Castille and if any wrong were done them it should bee repaired and that they should aduertise their Kings on his behalfe to doe the like in thier countries The Ambassadors returning with this answere gaue great contentment to King Philip who to administer Iustice erected a new Court of Parliament in Nauarre the which was called New to distinguish it from the Old hee and the three Estates of the realme naming men worthy of that charge The like Ambassage was sent by him into Arragon and Portugal who were returned with pleasing answers Matters beeing thus setled in a better Estate then before Ambassadors from Nauarre to Arragon and Portugal the King and Queene returned into France leauing for Gouernor a French gentleman called Henry of Guliac or of Solibert but with a more lymited power then former Viceroys and Gouernors Such was the Estate of Nauarre vnto the yeere 1331. Let vs now returne
vncle who was giuen more to a contemplatiue life then to worldly affaires for the which notwithstanding he had had long and bitter iarres with D. Pedro de Luna Archbishop of Sarragossa who was desirous to gouerne and to mannage the affaires of the Realme but their contention had beene ended by the aduancement of this third and they were reconciled at the marriage of D. Lope de Luna the sonne of Artail and nephew to the Archbishop and D. Violant the Kings aunt and sister to the Earle of Ribagorça who was widow to Philip Despote of Romania and sonne to Philip Prince of Tarentum the which were celebrated at Lerida and from whence they went to Auignon The King D. Pedro beeing returned from this voyage hee commenced a criminall Processe against the King of Maiorca for that he caused money to be coyned in the Towne of Perpignan and he caused him to bee cited to appeare before the Estates then assembled at Barcelona not much troubling himselfe that the French King carrying himselfe at Soueraigne of Montpellier and other lands belonging to the King of Maiorca on this side the Pyrenees had seized vpon the sorts and castles of all these places The King of Maiorca not appearing his totall ruine was resolued by the King the which followed as we shall hereafter shew At that time such was the Estate of Sardinia Estate of Sardinia Caillery Aquafredda Iojosaguarda Quirro Castelorguilleux Gallicelli Castel Pedresio Faba Osoli Sasseri and la Bastide of Sorria were held by Arragon garrisons Marian Iudge of Arboreâ— had beene newly made Earle of Gothian by the king Iohn Marquis of Malespine and the Earles of Donoratico were friends to the kings of Arragon but in Italy the Pisans the Genouois and with them Luquin Vicount who then ruled at Milan had made a league and conspired to chase the Arragonois out of Sardinia where they also had their partisans and intelligences for besides other factions the family of Doria was then diuided into foure factions These things did trouble the king D. Pedro admist his enterprises at such time as hee sought the ruine of D. Iames King of Maiorca and when hee was sollicited by Hugh Cortingo Petra Allerata and Loupe Cinerca chiefe men of the Iland of Corsica to vndertake the conquest thereof whereof the Bishop of Aleria was the minister and ambassadour and euen then when it was most needful to haue sent his gallies to the Streight in fauor of the k. of Castille and for the common interest of all the Christian Princes of Spaine Before the yeare 1340. Portugal past the Infant D. Pedro of Portugall had a sonne by his new spouse D. Constance Manuel whome he had marred at Ebora with a dowrie of 300000. doublons and many rich iewels and this Infant was named D. Fernand or Ferdinand who was king of Portugall after the Grandfather and father 21 In the yeare 1341. Castile D. Alphonso king of Castile hauing called a Parlament of all his Realmes at Herrena in Extremadura there were great summes of mony giuen him his subiects seeing that he employed it profitably for the defence and increase of the crowne from thence he came to Madrid where he gaue Order for all that was necessarie for the warre and appointed the Rendez-vous for his troupes at Cordoua from whence he sent them of Seuile and Cordoua to make incursions attending the rest of his forces he made a shew to go to Malaga the which put the Moores into great feare but hee marched to Alcala of Bencayde vppon the arriuall of those troupes which he expected the which he found vnfurnished for the king of Granado did confidently beleeue that he would haue led his armie to Malaga This place after some weake resistance yeelded vpon condition that the Inhabititants should haue their liues saued Moclin was taken by the diligence of D. Alphonso Fernandâ—s Cornel. There was some ouerture of a truce made in the behalfe of the king of Granado but without any conclusion for that the king of Castile would not haue king Alboacen comprehended Priegos was also taken by composition the like hapned to Sarrabuey being prest by Martin Fernandes Puerto Carrero D. Alphonso Melendez de Guzman master of S. Iames did also win the castel of Benamexir other places as Rute and the tower of Matrera were also forced then winter approching the king left good garrisons in his townes and of the sea to Giles Bocanegora a Geneuois with fortie gallies and other ships and then he came to Vailledolit where he assigned the Estates at Burgos at the which the seege of Algezire beeing propounded there was granted vnto him an Imposition called Alcauala which was the twentith part of all merchandize that should be sold within the Realme Thus as the king desseigned the seege of Algezire his Admiral Giles Bocanegra hauing surprized twelue gallies of Granado in the port of Bullon he burnt foure sunke two Victories at sea of the Christians against the Moores and carried away the other sixe The king of Portugall sent ten of his gallies to ioyne with them of Castile which were in the port of Xatares being commanded by Charles Peçano or Pecagno In the meane time many of the Moores gallies assembled at Ceuta the which they sayd exceeded the number of 80. which threatened to passe into Spaine with great forces to reuenge their former losses The king of Castile aduertised herof came to Seuile where by the way he vnderstood that the Mores army was come out of Affricke into Spaine and that they were entred into the mouth of the riuer of Guadamecil with great numbers of souldiers victuals and other prouisions the which they had landed but it was suddenly beseeged by the gallies of Castile and Portugal to whose succor came 13. gallies of Algezire the which were fought with all by part of the Christian army who sunke foure of them two were taken and the rest ran on ground Being returned to their companions who had shut vp the Moores army in the mouth of the riuer there was a furious battell giuen where as the Christians had the better and the Moores lost 25. of their gallies This done the Portugl Admirall returned being sent for by the king his master he came to kisse the kinig of Castiles hands at Xeres who did him great honour and gaue him letters in testimony of his vertue to the King of Portugal his master intreating him to send him backe againe with his gallies But the army at sea was nothing weakened hereby for at the same time that the gallies of Portugal departed there arriued 20. from Arragon of the which D. Pearo of Moncada was Generall who in their way had incountred and vaniquished 13. gallies of the Moores whereof they carried away foure two were borken against the shore and the rest saued themselues at Velez in Affricke The king came to Xatares and being himself desirous to discouer the country of Algezire and the situation
to either partie were spent in disputes without any conclusion The defeat of the confederats army at Epila did so terrefie them of Saragossa as many men of marke went out of the Realme others sent vnto the King of sue for their liues so as that great city whose forces had beene fearefull to the Kings of Arragon was then made subiect with the whole realme for the King hauing calling there an assembly of the Estates such as he pleased hee wrested away the popular lawes and the preuiledges of the vnion Reformation of the Gournors iurisdiction namely those of King D. Alphonso the third and the confirmation which he himselfe had made was disanulled and new Articles made against the seditious many that were culpable were condemned to die and their goods confiscate Thus the rights and preuiledges gotten seditiously by armes were lost againe by armes There the iurisdiction of the Gouernor of the realme was also reformed a dignity neere vnto that of the King the which hauing to that time beene held by Princes or great personages with great abuse corruption and libertie for that it had beene an ancient custome vsed in Arragon not to call such men in question for their faults but ciuily beeing exempt from condemnation of death prison or banishment It was then decreed that from thenceforth that dignity should not bee giuen to Princes nor to any one that were to powerful aboue the rest but to simple knights to the end that if they did commit any fraude or abuse or did violate the Lawes and publike liberty they might make their criminall processe Lymitation of the iurisdiction of the iustice Maior of Arragon and take away their liues if the case so required The iurisdiction or the iustice Major of Arragon was there also lymited that is he should haue authority to suppresse the vniust decrees of the Kings officers and the rash attempts and actions of mighty men with all publike force and maintaine iustice betwixt great and smal and it was decreed that this Magistrat should not be giuen by the peoples suffrages nor at the appetite of the Plebeians to men of base condition but to knights which should be named by the King Saragossa being subdued the King led his army against them of Valence who persisted in their rebellion Valence subdued The Valentians in the beginning thought to be able to resist and there were some incounters betwixt them and the Kings men but being often beaten and repulst with losse they resolued in the end to yeeld the city the which the king being sharpe and seuere by nature would haue razed plowed vp and the place sowen with fault in hatred of the insolencies and contempt of which the Valentians had vsed against him yet he was diuerted from this cruell intent by the Noblemen that were about him and his wrath was appeased by the punishment of Iohn Ruis Corellia Raymond Scorne Iames Romanin and Ponce of Solier men of noble families who were put to death and others that were more lightly punished Such was the end of the reuolts and tumults of Arragon and Valence Reuolts in Sardynia During the which the Island of Sardynia was likewise in a combustion entertained by the Geneuois hauing lands there namely by Mathew Nicolosio Iohn Anthony Iulian Doria by whose support the Sardiniens did rise and spoiled the countries which held the Arragon party D. William of Ceruillon was then Gouernor for the King D. Pedro in that Island who thinking to repaire the harme which the rebels had done was defeated and slaine neere to Bestide which the enemies did beseege wherefore D. Rambaud of Corbera was sent in his place and Ponce Santa paz for Generall of the Arragon gallies These were moire fortunate then Ceruillon had beene for D. Rambaud raised the seege from before Sasseri and recouered many places wherein he was faithfully assisted by Marian Iudge of Arborea and by Iohn his brother and so prest the faction of Doria which was contrarie to the Arragonois as he freed the Island the which ministred occasion vnto the common weale of Genoa to breake the peace which they had with the King of Arragon Iohn Murta was then Duke of Genoa beeing in the yeere of our Lord An. 1348. 1348. wherefore they of the family of Doria with the helpe and support they had from the common weale of Genoa beseeged Sasseri againe and gaue a rout to Hugues Corbera brother to the Gouernor D. Rambaud who was then absent for he was come into Cattelogne to makes new leauies of souldiars so as the affaires of Sardinia were in greater combustion then euer D. Rambaud returning to his Gouernment with some gallies and good numbers of souldiars of Cattelogne he toucht at the Island of Majorca Last attempt of D. Iames King of Maiorca euen as there was a battaile ready to be giuen betwixt the Arragonois and the dispossest King D. Iames who hauing armed many vessels vpon the coasts of Prouence and Languedoc and giuen the leading thereof to Charles of Grimaldi Lord of Monaco had landed in the Island of Majorca being resolute either to recouer those Islands or to die to make head against him besides the care of D. Gilibert Ruillia Gouernor for the King D. Pedro in the Islands of Majorca and Minorca D. Ponce of Moncade Admiral of Arragon laying a side his voyage of Sicile whether he was going had also landed in Majorca so as there were in armes for the King of Arragon the day of this battaile comprehending D. Rambuds forces eight hundred horse and about twenty thousand foote who ioyning with the King D. Iames men D Iames King of Maiorca slaine defeated them after a long cruel fight with great slaughter whereas the King Don Iames a Prince alwaies vnfortunate in his enterprises lost his life his sonne called also D. Iames being a prisoner and sore wounded wherefore the King Don Pedro by this victory held the conquest of that Island from that time without any contradiction notwithstanding that hee had gotten it by tyranie and iniustice A little before the death of this last King of Majorca he had sold to Philip of Valois the French King all the interest hee had to Montpellier and other lands on this side the Pyrenee mountaines wherevpon the King of Arragon sent D. Pedro Fenouillet Lord of Lisle and Cagnette in Ambassage into France to transact with king Philip for these rights who agreed that the sale thereof made by the deceased king of Majorca should bee good vpon condition that what the French king had not yet paied of the price should bee deliuered to the king of Arragon and then did they treat of a marriage betwixt D. Constance daughter to the king D. Pedro and Lewis Earle of Aniou Grandchild to king Philip to ballance by this alliance the fauours which don Fernand and Don Iohn brethren to the king Don Pedro might haue in France who pretended besides their portions
Iohn Infants of Arragon with many other knights followed him He tooke D. Maria of Padilla from Montalban brought her to Toledo These that were about him preuayled so by their intreaties as he returned to Vailledolit to his wife but he stayed but two dayes and went away againe leauing the Lady much perplexed at these strange courses The Queene D. Blanche retired with the Queene-mother to Tordesillas and the king returned to D. Mary of Padilla who entertained the hatred and dislike which the king had of his wife that shee alone might enioy him It is written by Diego of Valera that among all the precious iewels which the Queene had brought out of France there was a rich girdle which she presented to the king her husband the which D. Mary of Padilla hauing in her power she found out a Iew Girdle inchanted a Magitian which did inchant it so as when the king would put it on beeing amazed and demanding what Prodigie it might be his minions who were allyed to his concubine answered that they were the goodly presents which this French Gentlewoman had brought him Whereupon he was much incensed against this poore Lady In the meane time D. Tello the kings base brother married D. Ieanne the eldest daughter of D. Iohn Nugnes de Lara deceased whereuppon by this marriage he became Lord of Biscay and of the other places and lands aboue-mentioned the which did much offend the king causing him to grow into a greater furie and rage against him and the rest then before whereof the sharpest effects were against them that reprooued his leud life and the indignities he did vnto the Queene his wife whom for spite hee caused to be led to Areualo with a guard and vnder the custodie of Don Pedro Gudiâ—l Bishop of Segobia and a Bourgesse of Toledo in whome he trusted his name was Tello Palomochio as a prisoner and began to displace all the Officers of her house and al others which had beene aduanced by the fauor of D. Iohn Alphonso of Albuquerque hee tooke away the Office of Chamberlaine from Guttiere Fernandes of Toledo and gaue it to Diego Garcia of Padilla brother to his Mistris that of Cup-bearer which Iohn Rodrigues of Viedma held was giuen to Aluar Garcia of Albornoz the allowance of diet was taken from Guttiere Gomes of Toledo and giuen to Pero Gonçales of Mendoça a great Lord in Alaua from whence are descended the Dukes of Infantazgo In Seuile the king did also change many of the chiefe Officers of the Realme which had beene aduanced by the fauour and councell of Don Iohn Alphonso of Albuquerque giuing them to others that were recommended by Diego Garcia of Padilla and Iohn Fernandes of Hinestroça namely he looke the gouernment of the frontier from Don Garcia Fernandes Manriquez and aduanced Fernand Perez Puerto Carrero Thus the king altered things within his Realme forced the greatest to humble themselues and to sue vnto the kinsfolkes and fauorites of Donna Maria of Padilla hating all them deadly that did but tell him that he ought to loue Donna Blanche the Queene his wife and liue Christian-like and honestly with her as Don Gil Carillo of Albornoz Arch-bishop of Toledo had sought to do who being of his councell and a Prelate of great dignitie in Spaine had presumed to reprehend his disordered life in that behalfe Arch-bishop of Toledo forced to leaue Spaine but hee tooke it in so ill part as this reuerent man was forced to abandon all the liuing hee had in Spaine and retire to Auignon to Pope Clement by whose successor Innocent the sixth who came to the Popedome that yeare 1353. he was made Cardinall and in his life-time they proceeded to a new election in the Arch-bishoppricke of Toledo and Primacie of Spaine putting in his place one Don Blaise This King made himselfe to be feared and so much hated of all the Noblemen of his Realme as euery man made choice of a party and sought how to assure himselfe from his fury and violence Don Iohn Nugnes of Prado Master of Calatraua a friend to Don Iohn Alphonso of Abuquerque retired into Arragon to the Commanderie of Alcaniz but the king who had a desire to haue him in his power sought all meanes lawfull and vnlawfull to assure him so as he made him come vppon his faith and promise that he should haue to harme This good Knight who found himselfe guiltlesse of any crime but that he had beene a friend to the Lord of Albuquerque came into Castile to the towne of Almagro but he was presently beseeged by the kings commandement by Don Iohn de la Cerde and by Peter Nugnes of Godoy who notwithstanding did secretly aduice him to returne into Arragon before that the king who was gone out of Seuile to come thither were arriued the which he would not do saying That he found his conscience free from all rebellion and that he had no cause to feare to put himselfe into the kings mercy but it succeeded ill for him The king beeing come the master came vnto him and cast himselfe at his feet intreating him to receiue him in his iustifications but this cruell Prince refusing to heare him him Imprisonment and murther of D. Iohn Nugnes of Prado master of Calatraua depriued him instantly of the Master-ship of Calatraua the which he gaue to Diego Garcia of Padilla and commaunded that he should bee carried prisoner to the castell of Masqueda whereas Stephen Domingo of Auila commanded an there within few dayes after he was murthered by Diego Lopes of Portas seruant to Diego Garcia of Padilla whereof the king would haue excused himselfe saying That it was done without his commandement but it appeared sufficiently that he was not discontented there-with Going from Almagro the king came before the towne of Medellin belonging to the Lord of Albuquerque whereas Diego Gomes of Silua a Knight of Galicia a commanded the towne yeelded fearing the kings furie and soone after the castle the which the king in disdaine of the Lord of Albuquerque caused to be instantly razed after which hee led his army before Albuquerque the which was held in the name of their Lord by Martin Alphonso Botello a Genlteman of Portugall and vnder him commanded Peter Esteuanez Carpintero Commander maior of Calatraua The King hauing summoned them to yeeld the place vppon refusall he proclaymed them Rebels whereof the Portugall who was not his subiect made no accompt The Commander excused himselfe saying That the place was not in his power Wherefore he past on towards Cobdesera another place belonging to Don Iohn Alphonso the which he would not take so as after some skirmishes he left Don Henry Earle of Transtamare and Don Frederic Master of S. Iames his breethren who followed him against their wils and he came to Caceres Afterwards he resolued to send ambassadors into Portugall whither the Lord of Albuquerque was retired to demand him of the king of Portugall as his
Don Pedro all successiuely Marshals of Nauarre In this last Don Pedro fayled the Masculine line of D. Lyonel for hee left onely one daughter called Donna Hieronyma of Nature who was first wife to Don Iohn of Benauides a Castillian Knight who was also Marshall of Nauarre in regard of her and to her second husband shee had Don Martin of Corduba and Velasco Earle of Alcaudere who was in our time Marshall of Nauarre This is the posterity of the bloud royall of Nauar descended of this king Charles who poursuing with all violence his rights against the French King who held the Duchie of Bourgongne and other lands which had beene the patrimony of his Predecessors he had for aduersary as we haue sayd Charles of Spaine and such was the hatred betwixt them by reason of these pretensions as in the end all France was set on fire with ciuill wars and the English were drawne in by the king of Nauarre who was supported by them who to be reuenged of his enemy D. Charles of Spain Constable and Earle of Angoulesme Murther of the Constable of France by the king of Nauars men both being then in Normandy he caused him to be surprized in the night in the towne of Aigle and murthered in his bed by the hands of D. Rodrigo of Vriz D. Iohn Ramir of Arrellan D. Corbaran of Leet the Barrons of Garro and Antiede and other Knights and souldiers of Nauarre Hee was so farre from dissembling this fact as he confessed it and did iustifie it to be done by his commandement and that he had iustly slaine him whereat the king and the whole court were much troubled seing the great impudencie of the king of Nauarre the which was entertayned by many within the Realme which did adhere vnto him besides the league he had with the English to the which he also sought to draw D. Pedro king of Arragon who notwithstanding would not heare of it for that he was allyed to the French king whose friendship he resolued to entertaine To preuent the mischiefes which might grow by such furies King Iohn was forced to dissemble and by promise of impunity gifts and yeelding of townes and places according to the demands and pretensions of the King of Nauarre seeke to break the league which he had treated with the English yea giuing him the Duke of Aniou his son in hostage to draw him to Court where being come the king made a shew that he wold arraigne him but it prooued a ieast for hauing caused him to come before him on his knees and to craue pardon he paâ—doned him the Constables murther and all that he had committed against the Crowne of France and his authoritie Queene Blanche widow to K. Philip his sister and Queene Ieane his wife being intercessors for him but this reconciliation was soone troubled for the king of Nauarre thinking that the French king had rather dissembled his displeasure then forgotten it did not quit the allyances which he had made to the preiudice of France but did stil intertaine secret practises both within and without the Realme and as he was turbulent and euer full of iealousie and distrust King Iohn hauing called the Estates of his Realme and shewed the necessities of war demanding mony for the leuie of 30000. men the King of Nauar sought to hinder this subuention and did contradict it with all his power notwithstanding it was granted King Iohn being wonderfully incensed at the King of Nauars impudency and pride who in stead of assisting him like a good son-in-law who had beene newly absolued by him from so great a crime shewed himselfe a violent aduersarie to his desseins he sought a fit occasion to punish him the which fell out opportunely in the city of Rouan at the reception of the Daulphin Charles in Normandy who had beene newly aduanced to that Duchie whither came the Noblemen of the countrie namely the king of Nauarre as Earle of Eureux a member of the Dutchie where as he with many others were surprized the King was sent prisoner to the castle of Alleux in Pallueil and some Noblemen were executed as you may read at large in the French Historie King Iohn had aduertised Don Pedro King of Arragon of all those proceedings that he might see he had done nothing lightly beeing a reasonable thing that Kings how soueraigne soeuer should iustifie their actions and to made them apparent else they were to be reputed Tyrants and to be hated of all the world as violent and vniust Gaston Phebus then Earle of Foix who had married Agnes sister to the king of Nauarre was more discontented then any other at his imprisonment who passing into Spaine sought to incense Don Pedro King of Arragon his brother-in-law and to procure him to declare himselfe enemy to King Iohn if he did not release the King of Nauar but the King D. Pedro wold not yeeld vnto it for he held the friendship of France to be a firm support for his Estates besides he stil feared a war betwixt him and D. Pedro yet he promised to be an intercessor for him to k. Iohn and to intreat him to shew his clemency to intreat his prisoner without passion but by the course of Iustice moreouer not to exact all his right of him in respect he was a king and his son-in-law and of the bloud of France the which hee did with great affection sending ambassadors to that end to the French king so as king Iohn as well by the intercession of the King of Arragon as of the aboue-named Queenes and other Noblemen of his Realme gaue the king of Nauarre to vnderstand that hee should prepare himselfe to answer to the accusations of his Atturney generall and that he wold allow him to take learned councell vnto him of what nation he would desire for his iustification assuring him that he would not crosse him in his defences that if it were found he had done him any wrong that he would make him such satisfaction as he shold rest contented but if on the other side he were found guiltie of high treason it was in him to pardon him or not at his pleasure Hereupon they entred into processe according vnto iustice but within few dayes after King Iohn was taken in Guien by the English which stayed these iudiciall proceedings During his imprisonment Lewis his yonger brother came into Nauarre to gouerne the Realme who was sollicited by D. Pedro king of Arragon and receiued ayde from him against the king of Castile who had made sharpe wars against him as you shall heare But necessity forceth vs to treat of the affaires of Arragon during the first yeares of the raign of D. Pedro of Castile and D. Charles of Nauarre 6 D. Pedro king of Arragon Arragon being reasonably quiet within his realm by the last accord made in the fauor by the perswasion of D. Alphonso king of Castile at the camp of Gibraltar with his mother-in-law D.
honour to haue sought to recouer his Grand-fathers Kingdome beseeching him to haue regard thereof and if he should finde it good to depriue him of his crown the which he could not beleeue hee besought him to giue him and his meanes to passe into Affrike into the Moores country The King D. Pedro made shew to heare these reasons without any passion and assured him that he would reconcile him with his competitor causing his lodging to be made in the Iewes place of the city of Seuile but being displeased with the practises which he had made to his preiudice with the Kings of Arragon and Maroc hee burnt with a desire to be reuenged Being afterwards aduertised that this King Vermeil had brought many iewels and great store of gold from Granado he was so farre transported with a desire to spoile him of this treasure as without any further deliberation he commanded Martin Lopes of Cordoua his chamberlaine to goe and take him prisoner with all those that were with him and to put them into the Ataraçana or Arçenal then seeking an occasion to dispatch him he caused his processe to be made for that he had beene an actor in the death of King Ismael Cruelty coueteousnesse aâ—â— infidelity of 〈◊〉 Pedro King of Castile brother to King Mahumet the old and condemned him to die with seuen and thirty other Knights which were taken with him according to which sentence he caused him to bee drawne out of the Ataraçana and the seuen and thirty knights with him who wee led to the field of Tablada and there executed in a great assembly and concourse of people from all parts This miserable King Mahumet Aben Alhamar being brought vpon an asse clad in a roabe of scarlet was the last which suffred but hee had this consolation that D. Pedro himselfe was his executioner who reproching him with the alliance he had had with the King of Arragon thrust him through with a launce at which blow Mahumet cried out in his owne language Ha Pedro thou hast done a poore exploit and purchased a shameful triumph this day afterwards he made an end of him and cut off his head This was the second yeere of the raigne of this Moore and the 745. of the Arabians King Mahumet Lagus or the old being assured by this death returned to Granado ioyful to be thus freed of his enemy whose head the King D. Pedro sent vnto him The Granadins receiued him without contradiction in the yeere 1362. And he to recompence the King of Castile for he goodly present hee had made him of his Competitors head deliuered all the Knights and Castillans which had beene taken at the incounter of Guadix without any ransome Ezdriz Aben Balua chiefe councellor to King Mahumet Vermeil remained prisoner with the King of Castile with many others whereof some were redeemed for money others were exchanged for other prisoners in after times and some died miserably in prison The truce betwixt Castile and Granado was renued and new homage sworne by Mahumet the Old to the King D. Pedro paying the tribute which had bin paied to the kings his predecessors These things thus ended the king of Castile staied not long to begin war against ArragoÌ„ 14 For the effecting whereof with greater aduantage he sought to ingage the king of Nauar in this war being newly come out of France Nauarre into his owne realme in 1361. much desired and well receiued as one that had beene long absent He rewarded the Noblemen and knights which had serued and succored him in his affaires of France bountifully among the which the most remarkable were D. Roderigo of Vrris who had for his good seruices the gouernment of the iurisdictions of Sanguesse Olite and Tudelo The Baron of Garro was recompenced in an other sort beeing a wandring knight and sought imployment in the warres so as being loath to stay in Nauarre hee returned into France As all things had beene resonablie quiet in Nauarre vntill that time there was an occasion offered to trouble all by the comming of Inigo Lopes of Orozco and Arrias Gonçales of Valez Ambassadors for D. Pedro king of Castille who came in their maisters name Charles King of Nauarre practised by him of Castile to congratulate king Charles his comming to seeke his friendship and a new league and to procure an interview of these two kings King Charles was glad of this Ambassage and as hee had alwaies an intent to haue warre with the French King vnill that hee had restored him the lands which hee pretended to bee his hee did much esteeme the friendship of Castile to make vse thereof at such a neede Hee therefore promised the Ambassadors to come to Soria in Castile and hauing first concluded with the Ambassadors a kind of peace he went thether in the yeere 1362. hauing in his company his brother Lewis Captal of Buche a gret Nobleman of Guienne the Abbot of Fescain and others as well Nauarrois as French The King of Castile came to the place assigned and receiued him with great demonstrations of loue where for the first act they confirmed the Articles of peace conteyning an offensiue and defensiue league against al men After some daies spent in feasts sports and exercises of armes the King of Castile hauing inuited the King of Nauarre to a great banquet he told him that he had some thing to say vnto him wherevpon being retired into a gallery the King of Castile vsed these words in the presence of D. Garcia Aluarez of Toledo maister of Saint Iames Inigo Lopes of Orosco Martinianes of Seuile high treasorer Martin Lopes of Cordoua great Chamberlaine Mathew Fernandes Chancellor of the priuy seale all of his priuy councel and of the chiefe Noblemen and Knights which had accompanied King Charles Brother sayd he seeing we haue made an oth to aide one an other against our enemies I will let you vnderstand that the peace I haue with the King of Arragon was made against my will and to the preiudice of mine honour for Aben Alhamar King of Granado beeing confederate with him spoiled my country of Andalusie which made me yeeld vnto a peace that I might punish this Moore and now that I haue had my reuenge I am not bound to obserue this peace vnlesse the places which I yeelded vp bee restored me againe and the charges of the warre caused by the King of Arragon paied wherefore according to the promise which you haue made me and sworne I summon you to aide me with your forces and person in this warre The King of Nauarre was much amazed at this speech being thus surprized and knew not what to answer for he presumed the King of Castile had not had any enemies when he sware this peace and league In the end he seemed desirous to doe what the King of Castile would haue him but he demaunded time to conferre priuatly with his councellors which attended him Al were of opinion he should obay
the King D. Pedro else it would be dangerous that being in his power he would doe him some affront being rash cruel and without respect besides the country of Nauarre being then vnfurnished and the forces of Castile round about them it was to be feared that if he seemed vnwilling to doe that which he required with his detention he would cause his men to ouerrunne his country to the great preiudice both of himselfe and the Nauarrois his subiects He beleeued them and made answer to the King of Castile that both himselfe and his meanes were at his commandment prouided that he yeelded the like vnto him if he receiued any discommodity by making himselfe an enemy to the King of Arragon his brother in law The allyance of Castile which he so much sought to make vse thereof against the French brought him into this error that he made no difficulty to put himselfe into the hands of the most disloyall Prince liuing In the peace made betwixt Castile and Arragon Castille there had beene propounded that D. Pedro King of Castile should marry D. Ieanne second daughter to the King of Arragon for D. Constance the eldest had beene married to D. Frederic of Sicile but the Ambassador of Castile by his maisters commandment made a motion for the marriage betwixt D. Alphonso son to D. Maria of Padilla and D. Leonora the yongest daughter of Arragon the which was concluded vpoÌ„ condition that the king of Castile should cause his son D. Alphonso to be declared lawful heire of the Realmes of Castile Leon c. and that he should giue him presently the Siegneury of Molina with the towns of Almaçan and Medina Celi whereof D. Garci Aluares of Toledo maister of S. t Iames and his high Steward should be put in possession and that the pretended marriage betwixt the king and D. Maria of Padilla shold be proued by him to haue bin done after the decease of Queen Blanche the King of Arragon promising for himself and his successors that if after the decease of Don Pedro King of Castile there should be any question made vnto D. Alphonso his sonne in law touching the succession he should aide and assist him with all the forces of Arragon Don Pedro King of Castile to haue this declaration made and his sonne Alphonso acknowledged for lawful heire had called the Estates to Seuile and there the fact being propounded by him it was receiued allowed future obedience sworn vnto the Infant by the Estates as heire after his father consenting that Donna Maria of Padilla deceased should be called Queene and her daughters D. Beatrix D. Constance and Donna Izabella Infants of Castile but neither of the marriage nor of any thing thereon depending was there any accompt made after the interview of the kings of Nauarre and Castile at Soria but without all respect of accords promises or oathes assoon as these two kings were parted Peace broken by the Castâ—â—aâ— with Arragon he of Castile came with a great power into Arragon and tooke Ariça Ateça Terrer Mros Cerina and Alhama and layed seege to Calatajub the which he tooke and put to route many knights which came to succour it by reason whereof Aranda with other townes and castles yeelded Then hauing left Don Garci Aluares of Toledo Master of the knights of Saint Iames vppon the frontier he returned to Seuile On the other part the King of Nauarre because hee would not faile of his promise made at Soria sent to denounce warre against the king of Arragon his brother-in-law for that during his affaires and imprisonment in France he would not succor him VVar declare 〈◊〉 by the king 〈◊〉 Nauar against Arragon whereunto the king of Arragon offering to satisfie him with good reasons he would not heare any Hauing therefore assembled his forces he came to beseege the towne of Sos and tooke it then Saluaterra running by the vallies of the Pyrenees vnto the town of Iacca where as the king of Arragon had placed Peter of Pomar for Gouernor The king Don Charles being returned into his countrie he had soone after a supply of two thousand men at armes sent him out of Castile which he disposed with his Nauarrois vppon the frontiers of Arragon whereas they did spoyle burne and murther In the meane time the Infant D. Alphonso of Castile who should haue beene sonne-in-law to the king of Arragon dyed An. 1363. In the yeare 1363. the king of Castile doubting that the French would bee reuenged for the death of Queene Blanche of Bourbon whom he had caused to bee poysoned after that he had intreated her vnworthily many yeares seeing also a peace made betwixt them and the English he sent Ambassadors to Edward king of England and to the Prince of Wales his soone to demand their allyance and friendship the which they willingly granted The king of Arragon vnderstanding well that the warre which the king of Nauarre made against him was forced he sought by subtill meanes to diuide him from his allyance with Castile And knowing that king Charles had alwaies beene in quarrell with the French king for the Dutchie of Bourgogne and other lands he sent Don Iohn Fernandes of Heredia in ambassage to King Iohn who being come into Auignon and hauing had many conferences with the Lords of the French kings Councell he preuailed so much as they were content to referre all controuersies to the arbitrement of the king of Arragon his Master and to sixe Cardinals for which cause the kings of Nauarre and Arragon began from that time to haue secret intelligence one with another to the preiudice of Castile Notwithstanding the army of Castile returning into Arragon the king of Nauarre sent his brother Lewis with many Nauarrois and Gascons among others Don Martin Henriques of Lacarra Standard-bearer of the Realme and Captal of Buch vnto them Siege was layed to Tarraçone and the place taken in the which was Albert a Knight of S. Iohn Boria was also taken and Iohn Ximenes of S. Piren with other Knights which were within it the castle of Vaguena was burnt with the Captiane which defended it called Michel Barnabas whose sonne carrying the same name was for this cause made noble by the king of Arragon with all his posteritie by a decree made by the Body of the State Cariniena was also taken where as Don Pedro King of Castile vsed horrible cruelties vppon the inhabitants for those that he left aliue were afflicted with torments more grieuous then death of some he cut off the hands of othes the feete and of some the noses and eares Magallon and the Vicount of Isle which defended it Teruel castle Habib Ademus Villel and the towne of Segorue were also made subiect to the king of Castile Don Pedro Maca was taken in the castle of Segorue and Ximen Doriz at Xerica After which the K. of Castile tooke Mormedro Almenara Bugnol Macasta Benaguazil Alpuche with many other places and
fit for the head of an Estate and incouraged by some small aduantage gotten of the fore-runners of the English by D. Tello and D. Sancho his breethren who had taken Thomas Felton Prince of VVales writes to D. Henry a knight and some others gouerned himselfe after his own humor who raysing his army came to Nagera seing the English approch to Nauarreâ— From hence the Prince of Wales did write vnto D. Henry terming him Earle of Transtamara which letter was full of courtesie and good words perswading him to quit the title of King and to yeeld vnto his brother D. Pedro the lawfull K. of Castile assuring him hee would be a meanes that he should haue a good composition and aboue all that he shold auoid to come to a battell the euent whereof must needs be his ruine seeing they did much exceede them in number their souldiers invalour and their Captaines in leading To the which D. Henry made answer that he could not hearken to any accord with him D. Henryes answer who had against the law of Nature taken delight to murther so many of the bloud royal and other great personages of Castile who had no respectiue regard of the lawes of the country and much lesse of God falsifying his oath and promises hauing no other rule in his actions but his tyrannous passions and with his excuses hee gaue many good words in regard of the Prince of Wales protesting that he came with griefe to fight and that the would willingly haue auoyded the effusion of Christian bloud which he prepared to see These Princes being thus disposed D. Henry defeted in battell the armies presented themselues one before another betwixt Nagera and Nauarret where they incountred with such fury about Aleçon neere to the Bourg of Açofra as after great effusion of bloud D. Henries men wee put to flight the disorder beginning on D. Tellos side and many were taken prisoners by the English French and Nauarrois against some of which the K. D. Pedro being incensed did execute his rage causing them to be murthered in his presence among others the first master of the Knights of S. Bernard the last also being taken in this defeat had his head cut off by the kings commandement It was a military order sprung vp in Biscay to which knights should be assigned the lands called Beetries which lay neere but it was suddenly extinct by reason of these wars and by this excesse of the King D. Pedro. Many were reconciled by the mediation of the Prince of Wales of which number was D. Sancho brother to the Erle D. Henry others were streightly imprisoned among which were Bertrand of Guesclin Arnold of Andreghen and Begue of Villaines D. Henry escaped from the battell and posting towards Nagera his horse being tyred and out of breath hee met with a Squire of the Prouince of Alaua called Ruy Fernandes of Goana who knowing him mounted him vpon a good Genet with the which he came into the K. of Arragons countrie to whom he would not go remembring the miseries which follow afflicted Princes fallen from their fortunes and the small faith that is in friends in such extremities euery one drawing backe and seeking to excuse himselfe vnto the Victor to please whom many times the vnfortunat is deliuered vp to sacrifice Wherefore hee past the mountaines and retired into France leauing the townes and Noblemen of Castile which had followed his party in great perplexity D. Pedro of Luna a knight of Arragon futâ—re Pope with him there retired that D. Pedro of Luna a Cattelan who of a knight as he was then carrying armes became a Clergie man was a Cardinall and in the end Pope during the great Schisme which did so much trouble the Church of Rome After this great victorie which hapned the third day of April 1367. the king D. Pedro entred in great pompe into Burgos from whence D. Ieanne Manuel called Queen of Castile wife to D. Henry her children and daughter-in-law were a little before retired and fled in all hast into Arragon where they were receiued but not so chearefully as before for the king of Arragon studied how he might recouer the fauour of Don Pedro King of Castile being therein assisted by the Prince of Wales and aduised to abandon D. Henry who was vanquished D. Romero Bishop of Lerida D. Pedro Earle of Vrgel the Vicont of Cardona D. Iohn Fernandes of Heredia and others were of this opinion who were sent Ambassadors to D. Pedro King of Castile and Reymond Pegnera and Iames Elfaro went to the Prince of Wales Some say that the Prince of Wales beginning to descouer the ingratitude of D. Pedro King of Castile there was in this Negotiation a plot laied betwixt him and the king of Arragon to diuide the king of Castile betwixt them and to giue some part of the booty to the kings of Nauarre and Portugal and so wholy to reiect the tyrant D. Pedro. The King of Nauarre hearing of the victory which the King of Castile had obtained Nauarre thought it now time to creepe out of his deene pressing Oliuer of Maulny to set him at liberty but the difficulty was this knight would be paied for his good seruice hauing taken the king prisoner King Charles gaue him D. Pedro his second sonne in hostage assuring him that if he would come to Tudelo he would giue him all that hee had promised and more This good knight tooke the Infant D. Pedro and put him into the castle of Borja deliuered the king and soone after through his great simplicity followed him to Tudelo Oliuer of Maulny deliuers the King of Nauarre and remaines prisoner himselfe but he was no sooner arriued but they layed hold of him and put him in prison vntil hat he had yeelded the hostage A brother of his should haue beene taken with him by the kings commandement but seeking to flie away ouer a house hee was slaine by them that pursued him King Charles did write presently to the king of Arragon complayning of the wrong which the Britons holding the castle of Borja and Magallon had done him and that they detained and withâ—eld his sonne whom hee had beene forced for to giue them in Ostage hearing that they ment to carry him into France the which hee intreated him to preuent setting good gards vpon the passages of his country He sayd moreouer that he threatned to inuade his country of Nauarre relying vpon the support they had of Arragon wherefore hee intreated him not to giue them forces nor any aide in such enterprises and not take it ill if hee led an army before Borja to deliuer his soone from prison Garci Sanchez Prior of Ronceual was sent of this Ambassage into Arragon who not onely executed his charge but also entred into a treaty of marriage betwixt Charles the eldes sonne of Nauarre and D. Leonora daughter to the King of Arragon The King of Arragon who had no
of the two Princes of Castile brethren Portugal we doe not read that D. Pedro king of Portugal tooke part with either of them He died in the yeere 1367. the seuen and forty of his aâ—â— hauing raigned almost eleuen yeere To which Realme succeeded D. Fernand his sonne being at his coronation sixe and twentie yeere old and some monthes in whom the direct and lawfull line of D. Henry of Besançon or of Lorraine failed as shal appeere He was present in the towne of Estremos when as his father died and was there acknowledged and proclaimed King taking an oth from such of his subiects as were then present D. Pedro King of Arragon Arragon hearing the successe of Henries victory began to feare him sending Francis of Perillos and Iames Elfaro Ambassadors into France who procured an offenciue and defenciue league the French King promising to aide him of Arragon in his warres of Sardyina yea and against D. Henry if hee did not referre vnto him the question for the realme of Murcia and other lands promised as hee had informed him And for that the warres betwixt the French and English were reuiued Francis of Perillos being held the best captaine at sea in his time was granted vnto the French king who entertained him notwithstanding that the King of Arragon his maister had great need of him for the warres of Sardynia the which was continually entertained by Marian Iudge of Arborea who this yeere had taken many places from the Arragonois and defeated in a sallie which he made being deseeged in the castle of Oristagno the army of Arragon commanded by D. Pedro of Luna and his sonne the which did so disquiet the King as he resolued to go thether in person but new affaires hindred him for he was inuaded from the county of Rossillon by some Frenchmen who notwithstanding were but vagabond troupes running vp and downe the country without warrant and he was also kept backe by the controuersies which he had with the new King of Castille wherefore he sent D. Berenger of Carrozo Earle of Quirra thether with an army yet giuing it still out that he should goe thether himselfe keeping the Standard royal displaied on the top of the castle of Barcelona after the accustomed manner in signe that the King would goe to the warre the which kept these seditious people somewhat in awe Hee caused an Edict to bee published by the which hee granted respight to all that were indebted and repeale for banished men that were of Sardynia Being come to valence he made his sonne D. Martin Seneshall of Cattelogne who commanded ouer all armes vniting vnto that dignity that of the Constable of the realme as well on this side as beyond the seas and then it was decreed that from that time the children of the Kings of Princes of Arragon should be called to that degree The end of the fifteenth Booke SEMPER EADEM THE SIXTEENTH BOOKE of the Generall History of Spaine The Contents 1 DOn Henry the second of that name the 15. King of Castile and 36. of Leon. The continuation of his conquest of the Realme of Castile and the contentions betwixt the Castillans Portugals Nauarrois and Moores 2 Peace betwixt Castile and Portugal 3 Parliament at Toro and the lawes made there 4 Contention betwixt the Kings of Castile and Nauarre their agreement Bad offices of Charles King of Nauarre to the King of Castile in fauour of the English against the French and the constancy and fidelity of D. Henry the new King 5 Vnfitting and vnlawful marriage of D. Fernand King of Portugal with D. Leonora Telles of Meneses and the tumults which ensued 6 Warre renued betwixt Castile and Portugal 7 Order of Monkes of Saint Ierosme in Spaine 8 Preparatiues for warre made by Iohn duke of Lancaster pretending the Realme of Castile against D. Henry 9 Treaty of peace betwixt Castile and Arragon 10 Affaires of Nauarre death of D. Roderigo of Vrriz 11 Cession of the rights of Rossillon and Cerdagne to the house of Aniou 12 Trauels of the King of Nauarre detention of the Prince his sonne in France Rash enterprises of the King of Nauarre against him of Castile warre betwixt these potentats 13 Schisme in the Church of Rome 14 Death of D. Henry King of Castile and some testamentary lawes made by him 15 D. Iohn first of that name the 16. King of Castile and 37. of Leon. 16 Treaties of marriages ill mannaged and donations betwixt the Kings of Castile and Portugall 17 Practises of D. Leonora Telles of Meneses Queene of Portugal against the Nobility and the troubles and calamities which followed 18 The King of Castile acknowledgeth in the Schisme of the Romaine Church the Pope of Auignon 19 Warre betwixt Castile and Portugal procured by the Earle of Oren pacified a marriage betwixt D. Iohn King of Castile and D. Beatrix Infanta of Portugal 20 Rebellion of the Earle of Gijon 21 Regency of D. Leonora Telles of Meneses in Portugal pursute of Don Iohn King of Castile of the Realme of Portugal in the hereditary right of D. Beatrix his wife D. Iohn Maister of Aâ—iz called to the Gouernment and the exploits of warre betwixt the Castillans and Portugals 22 Bad deseignes of Charles King of Nauarre to free his sonne beeing prisoner in France his liberty by the bounty of the princes of France 23 Continuance of the war of Portugal Election of D. Iohn Maister of Auiz to the crowne of Portugal battaile of Aljubarote and defeat of the Castillans In this sixteenth Booke mention is made of the Kings 15 D. Henry of Castile 16 D. Iohn his sonne 36 of Leon second of that name 37 of Leon first of that name D. Henry called de la Merced the fifteenth King of Castile and sixe and thirty of Leon. AFter the death of the King D. Pedro the Realmes of Castile and Leon Castile remained to D. Henry without any great difficulty He got by his virtue and mildnesse what his brother had lost by his pride and cruelty Hee was a friend to the vertuous nobly minded bountifull D. Henry surnamed the Gratious valiant and strong of his person although he were but of a small stature He was surnamed the liberall or gratious by reason of the bounty he shewed to them that had serued him The greatnesse and good fortune of this King was suspected vnto the Kings of Nauarre and Arragon who made a league this yeere restoring one vnto an other certaine townes and castles that is Arragon deliuered to Nauarre Herrera of Moncayo and Nauarre to Arragon Saluaterra and Real they pacefied the controuersies which were betwixt them of Sanguessa and Real by a definitiue sentence of Merins and Gouernors of Tudelo and Saragossa Queene Ieanne gouerning the realme of Nauarre and dealing in all these affaires in the absence of King Charles her husband who was gone into France vpon the reuiuing of the warre betwixt the French and English that same yeere
marriage betwixt D. Fernand King of Portugal and D. Leonora of Castile daughter to the King D. Henry although it tooke no effect no more then two others which D. Fernand had contracted two yeeres before with the house of Arragon when as this King of Portugal with those of Arragon Nauarre and Granado iealous of the greatnesse of the new King of Castile had made a league together For confirmation of this league the King of Arragon had sent D. Iohn of Villaragur and Bernard of Miragle Ambassadors to these Princes who being in the court of Portugal propounded a marriage betwixt the Infant D. Iohn of Arragon Duke of Girone and D. Maria sister to the King of Portugal the which was so pleasing vnto the King D. Fernand as for a final conclusion thereof he sent D. Iohn Alphonso Tello Earle of Barcellos his greatest fauorit into Arragon with a good number of gallies and many Iewels and rich presents The Earle treating with the King about this marriage of the Infants he entred also into speech to marry the King D. Fernand his maister with D. Leonora of Arragon his daughter wherevnto the King D. Pedro gaue eare and vpon this hope their league against D. Henry King of Castile was the more confirmed as these marriages were for some considerations delaied in the end they were by this peace betwixt Castile and Portugal quite broken and in like sort that which was concluded at Alcantin betwixt the King D. Fernand and D. Leonora of Castile was disapointed by the disordred passions wherevnto the King D. Fernand did abandon himselfe to enioy D. Leonora Telles of Meneses his owne subiect wife to D. Laurence Vasco of Acugna a knight of Portugal taking her from her husband and kept her to himselfe like vnto Ocatuius Caesar who tooke Liuia the wife of Tiberius Nero with whom he was in loue 3 By the peace made betwixt Castile and Portugal the King D. Henry recouered all the townes of Castile and Galicia Castile which had beene held by the Portugal faction The Estates were then assembled at Toro Estates at Toro where they were about to make many lawes in this new raigne Among others the Iewes and Moores inhabiting in the townes of Castile were enioyned to weare a marke vpon their garments to distinguish them from others Orders for Iewes apparel◠About that time D. Philip of Castro being of the bloud royal of Arragon was slaine by his owne subiects striuing to get the possession of the Siegneury of Paredes belonging to his wife D. Iean sister to the King D. Henry Murther of D. Philip of Castro daughter to D. Leonora of Guzman D. Philip left one only daughter for his heire Vpon the good agreement which was at the time betwixt the French Kingt and him of Arragon Arragon there was a marriage concluded betwixt D. Iohn duke of Girona and D. Iean of France daughter to King Philip of Valois whom he had in his latter daies by Queene Blanch his second wife daughter to Philip of Eureux King of Nauarre At that time there was a confederacy made in Cattelogno al the Nobility of that Prouince taking armes against the Earles of Vrgel and Ampurias and the Viconts of Cardoua and Castlebon who pretended to be the chiefe and Lords of the Nobility in Cattelogno and maintainned that all the rest of the Nobility were their subiects but the King taking the quarrell in hand said that the Nobility did not acknowledge any superior but himselfe and supprest their deseignes The Arragonois affaires in Sardinia VVarre in Sardynia being almost ruined were somewhat repaired by Bienvenu Graphie a captaine of some Sicilian gallies who passing vpon occasion along that shoare releeued Cailleri and Alguer and gaue meanes to the Earle of Quirra Gouernor for the King of Arragon to victual Ioyeusegarde Aquafredda Saint Michel and Quirra Then was Brancaleaon of Oria brought vnder the King of Arragons obedience and opposed to Marian Iudge of Arborea who notwithstanding was so fortunate as had he beene any thing assisted by the Geneuois hee had quite chased the Arragonois out of the Island but that state hauing made a peace with the King of Arragon they maintained it faithfully Dominike of Campofregoso being Duke of Genoua D. Pedro King of Arragon thinking his honour much interresssed if he did not punish this Iudge Marian who troubled him so much entertained a great number of English and other strangers both horse and foote to send into Sardynia for the payment of which troupes and other necessary charges of this warre he imposed great tributs vpon his subiects of Arragon Complaint of the Arragonois Valence and Cattelogne by a decree of the Estates wherewith the people found themselues greuously oppressed by reason whereof there were complaints and murmuring throughout the whole realme What a miserable thing say they was the guift of this cursed island to our Kings of this barren and now vnmanured soile bearing no fruite full of woods and marishes vnder a pestilent and vnholesome aire inhabited by sauage people treacherous and full of vanity which hath consumed and swallowed vp so many braue and valiant men of Arragon and wasted so much treasure let the King leaue it with a mischiefe to the Geneuois for a perpetuall subiect of quarrels and warre both among themselues and with their neighbours and so hee shall take a large reuenge for the Realme of Arragon both of them and of the Sardyniens Notwithstanding these discontentments of the people the King D. Pedro did what he could to keepe the Island As for the affaires betwixt Castile and Nauarre the new King D. Henry found many difficulties Nauarre by the absence of the King of Nauarre Queene Ieanne his wife who gouerned the country refusing to conclude any thing touching the restitution of the townes of Logrogno Saluaterra Alaua Victoria and Santa Cruz of Campeço vsurped from the crowne of Castile for the King D. Charles knowing since the yeere 1370. that the English and French would fall againe to armes thinking it a fit occasion to recouer the lands and rights which hee pretended to bee of his ancient patrimony and held by the French King he past the mountaines and went to Cherbourg in Normandy not once approching neere the court of France hauing no confidence in his brother in law King Charles the fifth At his departure hee had left Queene Ieanne his wife Gouernesse of his Realme and for councell hee had giuen her D. Bernard Foucault Bishop of Pampelone and D. Iohn Crusat Deane of Tudele The townes of Saluaterra and Real were restored by the Queene Gouernesse to the King of Arragon and a league treated with this King hauing sent Doctor Iohn Cruzat with others to Tortose Their accords tended to the preiudice of Don Henry King of Castile with whom afterwards the Kings of Portugall and Granado ioyned as wee haue sayd all which things were ratefied and confirmed by the King
the sonne of Marian the new Iudge of Arborea his father being lately deceased who shewed himselfe a more violent enemie against the Arragonois then his father had beene the which was the more to bee feared for that the Geneuois hauing broken the peace made and confirmed by Iohn Marquesse of Montferrat with the king of Arragon had entred into the Iland of Sardynia and ioyning their forces with them of the Iudge had attempted Pole neere to Cailleri and done many other acts of hostility This yeare 1377. An. 1377. Philip the Hardy Duke of Bougongne went in pilgrimage to Saint Iames of Galicia passing he visited the king Don Henry at Segobia who receiued him honorably and gaue him many rich presents About the same time D. Gomes Manrique Arch-bishop of Toledo being dead this great and rich liuing was affected by many by reason whereof the Court of Castile was diuided into factions euery one fauouring his kinsman or friend that aspired to this dignitie not to be Ministers of the word of God and to instruct the people in Christian Religion but to be worldly great rich and mighty companions to Kings and commanders ouer armies according to the custome of that age The King Don Henry did much fauour D. Iohn Garcia Manrique Bishop of Siguença whose sister D. Iohn Ramires of Areillan had married Vpon this election where there were so many pretendants D. Iohn Ramires thinking he had need of the Popes fauor and authoritie went to Auignon well accompanied with Noblemen his friends and kinsmen but he did not obtaine that which he pretended for Pope Gregorie the eleuenth then raigning declared Don Pedro Tenorio Bishop of Coimbra Arch-bishop of Toledo Thus these Pretendants lost this rich bootie which they expected much vnlike vnto Don Martin Martines of Calaorra Arch-deacon of Calatraua in the church of Toledo who beeing chosen some yeares before by the Chapter and a generall consent to bee Bishop of Calaorra hee excused himselfe and would not accept of this dignitie which is one of the richest and of greatest iurisdiction in Spaine next to Toledo Don Iohn Ramires of Areillan returning by Cattelogne hee was desirous to kisse the king of Arragons hands beeing at Barcelona whither came the Vicount of Rueda who in the kings presence accused Don Iohn Ramires of certaine crimes offering him the combate if hee should deny it Don Iohn Ramires regarding his honour accepted of this challenge for the performance whereof the King of Arragon assigned ninetie dayes at which time Don Iohn should present himselfe to the combate or else they would proceede against him according to the lawes and orders of combats Don Iohn Ramires returned in the meane time into Castile and made relation vnto the King Don Henry how he had beene challenged and that he must present himselfe in Arragon at the day appointed wheeras his enemie was much fauoured by the king Don Pedro the which the king of Castile hauing well considered and fearing that Don Iohn Ramires whome he loued deaâ—ely for his integritie and vertues should receiue some indignitie in a countrie where he was not beloued he resolued to send a gentleman to the King of Arragon to let him vnderstand that no man liuing was better acquainted then himselfe with the qualities and conditions of Don Iohn Ramires of Areillan and how that he had carried himselfe like a Knight of honour in all his actions euen when hee was Chamberlaine to the same king of Arragon and employed by him in the warre against Don Pedro king of Castile wherefore he intreated him to cause this appeale made by the Vicount to cease whereof the King seeking to excuse himselfe the Ambassador replyed Sir Ambassadors speech to the King of Arragon seeing it is your pleasure that this combate shall be fought vnderstand that the King of Castile my Lord is resolued to send at the time you haue appointed three thousand Lances to accompanie Don Iohn Ramires to the end that hee may be no way inferiour neither for the safetie of his person nor for support vnto his aduersarie seeing that the quarrell must be decided in a strange Countrie where as the Prince shewes himselfe partiall The King Don Pedro taking these words in ill part fell into a great dispute with this Gentleman who made him a discreet answer wherefore fearing that this might kindle a new fire betwixt Castile and Arragon after much consultation hee commanded the Vicount to desist from his challenge declaring that Don Iohn Ramires was a good Knight Thus past the affaires betwixt Castile and Arragon in the yeare 1376. At which time Don Charles Infant of Nauarre Nauarre beeing desirous to visite the Court of France did so importune the King his father as hee got leaue from the which hee was much disswaded by the King of Castile his father-in-law Detentiâ—n of the Prince of Nauarre who assuredly knew what reasons the French King had to hate the King of Nauarre For besides that hee had perswaded him to leaue and abandon the league of France and to adhere vnto the English as wee haue before shewed hee had since ingaged and deliuered vnto them the Towne of Cherbourg in Normandy and entertained many practises to the preiudice and discommoditie of France whereof the French King was particularly aduertised Notwithstanding all this the Infant Don Charles went on his intended and determined iourney presuming that hee had not offended any way the King his Vncle and that he would not make any question vnto him concerning the controuersies and oppositions which were betwixt him and his father and that whatsoeuer should happen beyond his expectation hee would retire himselfe to those places which the king his father had in the confines of Normandie and not approch neere the Court without promise of assurance With this resolution hee left Nauarre very well attended on with a companie of gentlemen and men of councell among the which were Baldwin Belloferant Captaine of many places in Normandy belonging to the king of Nauarre the which he held by homage Iames of Rue a knight and Chamberlaine to the king the Seigneur of Ortubia Captaine of the Infants Guard a Basque by nation within two leagues of Fontaraby Peter of Estampes a Doctor of Diuinity and Councellour to the king with diuers others The French king beeing aduertised before-hand of this voyage as soone as they were entred into France he caused Iames of Rue to be taken who was found seazed of certaine papers and instructions which did much augment the iealousie of the French being put to the racke he confest that the king his master had plotted with the English and that he had charge to say vnto the King of England that if he wold promise the duchy of Guienne to the king of Nauar and entertaine him 2000. lances he would make warre against the French and employ all his forces of Nauarre and of his lands in Normandie and other places whereupon he was put into
Saint Martin deliuered it vnto the King and came vnto his seruice The Constable D. Pedro Earle of Transtamara seeing what had befallne the Duke of Benauent and the Queen of Nauar and how they handled the Earl of Gijon he found means to make his accord and came vnto the King at the seege of Gijon by whom he was well receiued and had giuen him the townes of Pont Ferrada Villafranca and Varçarcell which had beene the Duke of Benauents The yeere growing towards an end and the country of Asturia being barren not able long to maintaine an army the King resolued to make some accord with the Earle Accord made with the Earle of Gijon who sought it wherevpon they concluded these Articles That the French King should be Iudge of their controuersies who should iudge within six monthes whether the Earle had offended and if it were found that hee should loose his lands he was content if not all should be restored to him againe That vntill a definitiue sentence the towne of Gijon should remaine in the Earles hands vpon condition it should remaine in the Estate it was then without adding any supply of victuals or men and that the Earle should not goe aboue three leagues from the town if it were not into France to sollicit the iudgement of this cause In which case the King should giue him thee hundred thousand Marauidis to defray his charges That the Earles other Lands should remaine in the possession of D. Ruy Lopes of Aualos Lrod Chamberlaine to the King who should hold them vpon his faith and that the Earle should giue his sonne D. Henry for hostage By this composition the Earle D. Alphonso was freed from seege This yeere 1394. died D. Iohn Alphonso of Guzman Earle of Niebla a man of a peacefull spirit Death of the Earle of Niebla yet was he somewhat ingaged in the troubles of Castile leauing his soone D. Henry of Guzman heire to his great possessions Pope Clement died also that yeere in Auignon the sixteenth yeere of his Popedome in whose place the Cardinals of that seat meaning to proceed to the election of an other Death of Pope Clement at Auignon receiued letters from the Vniuersity of Paris to perswade them to deferre it for some daies to know the intention of Pope Boniface the ninth resyding at Rome touching the vnion of the church yet notwithstanding they entred into the Conclaue nine daies after the funeral and without regard of any letters written by the Vniuersity and King Charles they gaue their voices and withall made a protestation in writing that the future Pope should not hinder the rooting out of the Schisme and that he should bee bound to giue ouer his dignity if neede were they made choise of D. Pedro de Luna carrying the title of Santa Maria in Cosmedin a Cattelan and Doctor of the Canon law a man of great authority and well practised in worldly affaires Election of Pedro de Luna to be Pope called Benedict the 13. whom they called Benedict the thirteenth The French King yeelding to that was done sent his Ambassadors to Auignon to doe the accustomed homage to the new Pope but beeing afterwards sollicited by some of the Cardinals who repented themselues of Benedicts election he sought by meanes of the protestation which had beene made to force the Pope to quit his dignity vnder pretext to reconcile the Schisme but Benedict was loth to leaue so sweet a morcell which so many of his order had gap'd after resisting long to the great preiudice of all Christendome and the French king did in vaine sollicit by many Ambassages D. Henry King of Castile to ioyne with him in the displacing of Benedict from his Popedome whom the Kings of Nauarre and Arragon did also obey The King D. Henry hauing proceeded as we haue said against the chiefe authors of the troubles of his realme Nauarre he returned to Vailledolit and knowing by good experience the disposition of his aunt whom he had brought with him he resolued to send her into Nauarre to King Charles her husband the which notwithstanding the Estate shee was in she did impugne by all meanes possible wherefore the King fearing she would steale away and put her selfe into some place of strength which would be very troublesome to take he commanded the prior of Saint Iohn to set a gard about her lodging and he himselfe went to Tordesillas Then the Queene knew that she must of force returne into Nauarre without any other assurances then such promises and othes as the King her husband had giuen and seeing no euasion nor delay she sent to intreat the King her Nephew to be well aduised what he did in seeking to force her to returne into Nauarre and seeing that it did concerne both her honour and life she intreated him to propound it to the graue and learned men of his councel to resolue what was fit for her to doe The King was very well pleased herewith and committed the businesse to the Bishops of Palence and Zamora by whose aduice it was concluded that the Queene Donna Leonora should returne to her husband and that the King her Nephew should accompany her to the frontiers of Nauarre whereof she was aduertised that she might dispose her selfe to obay but it was against her will wherevpon the King returned to Vailledolit Queene of Nauarre sent to her husband against her will and from thence they tooke their way towards Nauarre hauing sent the Archbishop of Toledo and him of Zamora an Arragonois and the bishop of Albi a Frenchman with others to Tudele to aduertise King Charles of his wiues comming and to take a new oth of him to intreat her well and honourably The Archbishop of Saragossa came to meet the Queene being accompanied by many Knights of Nauarre France and Arragon to whom she was deliuered with her daughters vpon the confines of Castile and Nauarre to the great contentment of King Henry to whom she had beene chargeable many yeeres by her turbulent and adbitious spirit The King D. Charles did shew by the effects that he was neuer ill-affected towards her for he receiued her with all that did accompany her with great honour and shewes of loue and ioy he intreated her curteously and honoured her as much as she could desire commanding there should be feasts and bonfiers made throughout all the realme of Nauarre by reason of her comming And for that they had not yet had any sonne he would haue the Estates of his realme assembled to that end at Pampelone some monthes after the Queenes returne sweare the Infanta's his daughters for lawfull heires of the realme and of his other Estates who should succeed one after an other vnto the last liuer He caused his subiects to take this oth as it was accustomed in Spaine and to auoide warre and sedition whereof they had fresh examples in the neighbour countries of Arragon and Valencia D. Iohn King of
Arragon Arragon sonne to D. Pedro the Cerimonious hauing reigned nine yeeres and three monthes went about that time into the Island of Majorca whether he had beene drawne by the seditions of the Islanders raysed against the Iewes which dwelt among them whom they had slaine and spoiled after the manner of the Castillans and Arragonois incensed by a seditious Archdeacon preaching at Seuile with which mischiefe all the townes of Spaine were in the end infected except Saragossa The King hauing punished the chiefe authors of these hatefull mutinies in his returne he was driuen by a storme to Cap de Cruz about Ampurias from whence being come to Castillon Death of D. Iohn King of Arragon he was surprized by sodaine death some hold that it was in chasing the Wolfe in the woods of Foxa others say hee fell and bruzed his skull in the yeere 1395. This Prince 1395. as we haue formerly said had taken to wife a French Lady called Martha daughter to Iames Earle of Armaignac who gouerned him quietly by whom he had one only daughter called Ioane married at the time of his death to Mathew of Castelbon Earle of Foix and Lord of Bearn which was the cause of much warre in Arragon The Queene D. Martha being dead soone after her deliuery the King D. Iohn married Donna Violant daughter to the Duke of Bar who brought him a soone but of short life and lies interred at Saragossa and afterwards a daughter carrying the mothers name and married in her time to Lewis duke of Aniou sonne to that Lewis which died in Italy pursuing his interest to the realme of Naples After the death of King Iohn Mathew Earle of Foix who had married his eldest daughter pretended according to the custome practised in Spaine The Arragonois reiect D. Ioane from the succession and choose D. Martin that the carowne of Arragon did belong vnto his wife and sought all meanes to botaine it but the Arragonois would not then subiect themselues vnder a strange Prince and reiecting the womans right they did choose D. Martin for their king who was brother to the deceased and was then in Sicile These quarrels rysing from the succession in Arragon and the reiection of the heire of that realme which happened soone after the returne of the Queene Donna Leonora into Nauarre it mooued King Charles to take an oth of his subiects that they should maintaine the Realme to his eldest daughter and successiuely to the rest The end of the seuenteenth Booke SEMPER EADEM THE EIGHTEENTH BOOKE of the Generall History of Spaine The Contents 1. PRroceeding of D. Henry King of Castile against the Earle of Gijon in France 2. Actions of Mahumet Guadix and other Kings of Granado treacheries poysonings and other excesse of that nation to reigne 3. Deeds of D. Henry King of Castile called the sickly Examples of his Iustice temperance and rigour with other pollitike acts 4. Iohn Pablo a Iew a learned man and his conuersation with the honours and dignities which he and his children obtained in Spaine 5. Reformation of the Knights of the Calatraua 6. Warre betwixt Portugal and Castile for the crowne 7. The Dutchesse of Momblanc seizeth vpon the realme of Arragon in the name of her husband D. Martin who was the 15. King of Arragon and the first of that name wherevnto the Estates consented 8. Confirmation of D. Martin King of Arragon his carriage in the gouernment of his realme to forraine Princes and the Pope 9. Death of D. Pedro Tenorio Archbishop of Toledo his family qualities workes and buildings Vacancy of that sea foure yeeres 10. Ruy Lopes d' Aualos and the beginning of the house of Aualos 11. Continuation of the Schisme friar Vincent Ferrier a great preacher 12. Warre against the Moores of Granado the death of King Henry the 3. 13. Marriage of D. Blanche Infanta of Nauarre with Don Martin King of Sicile Accord made by the King of Nauarre with the French King for the Lands of his patrimony that were seized 14. D. Iohn the second of that name King of Castile an Infant of two and twenty monthes old Fidelity and modestie of D. Fernand the Kings vncle Castile gouerned by him and the Queene mother 15. Warre of Granado managed by the Infant Don Fernand first vse of Artillerie in Spaine 16. Superstitions new sects and a third head in the church of Rome 17. Warre of Sardinia troubles at Valencia death of D. Martin the sonne King of Sicile Marriage of D. Martin the father King of Arragon 18. Warre of Castile against the Moores 19 Death of D. Martin King of Arragon Factions for the succession to that crowne The pretendants Arbitrators named to choose a King 20. Duke of Benaâ—ent escapes out of prison The Iewes and Moores commanded to carry certaine markes by the councell of friar Vincent Ferrier 21 D. Fernand first of that name and the 16. King of Arragon opposition of the Earle of Vrgel his imprisonment the Kings coronation 22. Retreat of Pope Benedict into Spaine Councell of Constance Estates at Sarragossa Marriage of the Infant D. Alphonso of Arragon with Donna Maria of Castile 23. D. Alphonso the fifth King of Arragon 24 Gouernment of Castile vnder Donna Catherina the Queene mother 25 Proceeding of the Councel of Constance against Pope Benedict and his obstinacy 26 Conquest of the Canaries by Iohn of Betancourt 27 Family of Estuniga death of the Queene Regent and other affaires of Castile 28 Deeds of D. Iohn King of Portugal Monastery of the battaile and other workes built by him Taking of Ceuta in Barbary descouerie of the Madera's First search of the Portugals into the South and East seas 29 Marriage of the Infant D. Iohn brother to D. Alphonso King of Arragon and of D. Blanch of Nauarre widow Queene of Sicile 30 Marriage pursued with violence by Don Henry maister of Saint Iames brother to the King of Arragon of Donna Catherina Infanta of Castile and what followed 31 Causes of the warre of Naples attempted by D. Alphonso King of Arragon Estate of that Realme vnder Queene Ioane the second 32 Aduancement of D. Aluaro de Luna to be Constable of Castile 33 D. Iohn first of that name and 32. King of Nauarre in the right of D. Blanch his wife 34 Deliuery of D. Henry maister of Saint Iames being prisoner Estates at Toro Restitution of the Constable being chased away ambition of D. Iohn king of Nauarre and of his brother D. Henry 35 New Order of Monkes of Saint Ierosme in Spaine 36 Estate of the Moores of Granado vnder Mahumet the left-handed and other Kings 37 Troubles betwixt Castile Nauarre and Arragon 38 Marriage of Donna Isabella of Portugal to Philip duke of Bourgondy Institution of the Order to the golden Fleece 39 Proceeding by iustice against the King of Nauarre and his partisans in Castile 40 Peace concluded betwixt Portugal and Castile D. Nugno Aluarez of Pereira first Constable of Portugal and
practises the King said that he pardoned him with all his heart and prayed God to pardon him likewise and he enquired further of him who those were which sought his life and which did set him a worke he entreated the King to send away them that stood by and then in great secrecy he told their names which could neuer after be knowne for the King neuer told it to any man liuing the next day after Iohn Carillo died of his hurts The King being at Simancas his great and mighty army stretched it selfe euen to the gates of Valiadolit where the confederats did remaine neuerthelesse the affaires were drawne out at length without any matter of note Thither came the Queene Donna Ioane with the Infant Donna Isabella who were returned from Portugall where they had obtained nothing at all for the good of Castile for notwithstanding that they had endeauored for to renew the treatie of marriage mentioned at the enterview of the-Kings at the Archbishops bridge neuerthelesse the King Don Alphonso did abhorre to marry his sonne to Donna Ioane whoe was begotten in adultery of the Queene of Castile his cosin by the Duke of Albuquerque Don Bertrand dela Cueua These things standing at a stay the King and the Marquis of Villena did see one an other and by the aduice of Don Diego Hurtado de Mendoça Marquis of Santillana and of Don Aluaro of Estuniga chiefe Iustice of Castile called and chosen on both parts it was concluded that euery man should lay by his armes and returne to his owne house and that during the truce which should continue for the space of some fiue monthes following they should treate of a peace and of the meanes how to giue content to all men but chiefely to cause the Prince Don Alphonso to renounce his royalty This was proclaimed through the campe neere to Montejo in the territory of Areualo signed and sealed by the King the Archbishop of Toledo The King knowes not how to profit himselfe by his great forces and the Marquis of Villena and vnderneath by the secretrary Garcia de Arcareso de Montdragon The King had small reason to yeeld to these things hauing an army of a hundred thousand fighting men whereas his enemies were very weake in respect of him and vnprouided of money victuals munition and other things necessary for such an enterprise but God would haue it so The King being come backe to Simancas dismissed his souldiars with liberall payment then at Medina del Campo whether hee came soone after he recompenced the Lords after this manner He gaue to D. Peco Gonçales de Mendoça Bishop of Calaorra the thirds of Guadalajara with the reuenue thereof to his brother D. Diego Hurtado de Mendoça Marquis of Santillana he gaue the towne of Saint Andrew Recompences made by the King to the Lords that followed him ioyning to the lands of his Marquisat with a yeerely pention of seuen hundred thousand Marauedis to the other brother D. Inigo de Mendoça and to Don Lorenzo de Suares Vicont of Torreja and to D. Iohu Hurâ—ado de Mendoça pensions according to their degrees to D. Lewis de la Cerde Earle of Medina Celi the City of Agreda with the territory to D. Garci Aluares de Toledo Earle of Alua Carpia with sundry places nere to Salamanca to D. Aluar Peres Osorio Lord of Villalobos and Earle of Transtamara the City of Astorga with the title of Marquis to D. Iohn de Acugna Earle of Valencia the Earldome of Prauia and Gijon with the title of Duke of Valencia to D. Pedro de Mendoça Lord of Almaçan a yeerely pention of 300000. Marauedis assigned him on the hill of Mountagu to D. Aluaro de Mendoça captaine of his men at armes the City of Requegna with the reuenue and proffit of the port and hauen thereof Other guifts and recompences did the King make to his Knights the which or at least the most part of them haue euer since remained in their families The end of the twentith Booke SEMPER EADEM THE ONE AND TVVENtith Booke of the Generall History of Spaine The Contents 1 COntinuance of the troubles in Castile 2 The vnworthy marriage of the Infanta Donna Isabella Agreed vpon by her brother King Henry and hindred by the sodaine and vnlooked for death of Don Pedro Giron 3 Societies of Castile vnion of the Prouinces and communalties holding together for the administration of iustice 4 Assembly at Madrid tumult in the same towne Behauiour of those of Mendoça The Marquis of Villena promoted to the Maistership of Saint Iames. Battaile of Olmedo 5 The Pope vseth all dilligence to procure the peace of Castile Censures the rebells appeale to a future Counsell The taking of Segobia The King D. Henry forsaken 6 Agreement betwixt the King and the confederate Lords Euil behauiour of Donna Ioane Queene of Castile 7 Strife for the Bishoprike of Siguença Murthers at Burgos 8 Seditions in Toledo magnanimity and equity of the Infant Don Alphonso chosen King 9 D. Alphonso de Primentel Earle of Benauent enterpriseth against his father in law Don Iohn de Pacheco Marquis of Villena 10 Practises of those of Toledo against the Infant Don Alphonso in the behalfe of King Henry Rashnesse of the Bishop of Badajos and of Donna Maria de Silua and of that which happened 11 Death of the Infant D. Alphonso wisedome of the Infanta Donna Isabella Peace betwixt the King and the confederate Lords 12 Infamous life of Donna Ioane Queene of Castile the Lords of Mendoça practice against the peace the Infanta Donna Isabella declared Princesse of the Asturis and presumptiue heire of Castile 13 Continuance of the warres of Barcelona Renee of Aniou chosen King of Arragon by the Barcelonois Exploits of the French in Cattalonia death of the Duke of Calabria 14 Gaston Earle of Foix desirous to reigne before his time stirreth vp troubles in the Kingdome of Nauarre 15 Queene Ioane of Arragon dies and confesseth her fault 16 Gaston of Foix the younger dies at Liborna Beginning and continuance of the house of Foix. 17 Couenants betwixt King Iohn of Arragon and his daughter the Countesse of Foix heire of Nauarre 18 Assembly at Ocagna New deseignes of King Henry of Castile 19 The King of Castiles iourney into Andaluzia 20 Marriage betwixt the Infanta Donna Isabella and the Prince D. Fernand heire of Arragon Sicill Naples c. Articles and couenants of the same 21 A rash act of D. Alphonso de Aguilar against the Lords of Cabra The taking of Simancas with other outrages 22 Spanish superstitions 23 Practices pursutes and quarrels betwixt the Lords of Castile Alua erected into a Dutchy 24 Muley Alboacen King of Granado whose posterity remaineth in Spaine till this day 25 Treaty of Marriage betwixt King Henry of Castiles supposed daughter and the Duke of Guyenne brother to the French King Lewis the eleuenth Lands of Infantasgo giuen to the house of Mendoça 26 Donna Isabella Princesse of Castile disinherited King Henry
kill the Earle his father with whom he was offended the child being in no fault at all for he knew not what drugge it was wherefore at his death hee left behind him no lawfull children but diuers bastards as Iobbain who was one of those which were burnt at the Mummery of King Charles the sixt at the banquet of Saint Marceau and Gratian and possibly that Bernard of Foix who was maried into Spaine to Lady Isabel de la Cerde a Princesse of the blood royall of Castile the stem of the house of the Dukes of Medina Celi if he were not sonne to Gaston the second this mans predecessor Then the succession of the Earldome of Foix and Lordship of Bearne fel to Mathew of Castelbon aboue-named who had no children by his wife Ioane daughter to the King of Arragon wherefore his sister Isabell inherited his Lordships who was wife to Archambald de Grailtry Captau de Buch from which mariage issued Iohn the elder the sisteene Earle of Foix Gaston Capdau de Buch from whom descended the Lords of Capdolat and Candale Archambald Lord of Nouailles Peter a friar of Motlas since Bishop of Lescar in the end Cardinall and founder of the Colledge of Foix at Tholousa and Mathew Earle of Comminges Iohn the fifteenth Earle of Foix as hath beene said and first of that name had to his first wife Mary of Nauarre who dying without children he married Ioane de Albret of whom was borne Gaston his successor in the Earledome of Foix and Lordship of Bearne The house of Foix hath beene much ennobled by the deeds of this man for during the wars betwixt the French and the English in the daies of Charles the seuenth this Earle Gaston was he that made proofe of his valor against the English armies which held the Dutchy of Guyenne where he twice tooke Saint Seuer chiefe of Gascony and won Dax by force of armes with great slaughter of Englishmen who did valiantly defend those places he did succor Tartax beseeged seuen monthes by the goueâ—nor of Bourdeaux He restored his vncle Mathew into the Viscounty of Comminges being dispossest by the French King who had installed a Spaniard therein called Roderigo de Villandrada Earle of Ribadeo where he ouerthrew the castle of Rocheford he made means for the liberty of the Earl of Armagnac who was in prison for hauing intelligence with the English and caused his goods and lands to be restored to him Being afterwards made Gouernor of Guyenne by King Charles he made such cruell warre vpon the English as in short time he in a manner dispossest them of all there forces in the same Prouince so as Burdeaux the chiefe city and seat of the warre was constrained to yeeld to the French King in the yeere 1451. and soone after the city of Bayonne so as the English were wholy excluded out of all Guyenne Afterward when the city of Bourdeaux rebelled against the Earle of Clermont Iohn of Bourbon the English being recalled by them albeit they had possest themselues of diuers places were by the valor good conduct chiefly of the Earle Gaston beaten back and repulst Cadillac being the last place that hee tooke from them In all which warres hee was faithfully and dilligently accompanied and aided by his brother Peter de Foix Viscount of Lautier the original of the renouned house of Lautrec faither to Iohn de Lautrec Posthumus from whom did spring Odet de Foix he that was the famous captaine in the warres of Lombardy and Naples Andre de Asperaut and Thomas called L'Escut Henry de Lautrec was sonne to Odet Charles the seuenth did so greatly fauor the Earle Gaston de Foix as he gaue in marriage to his eldest sonne called Gaston like him his daughter Magdalen At the arrainement of the Duke of Alançon at Vandosme by King Lewis the eleuenth he supplied the place of the Earle of Thoiousa in the ranke of the Peers of France the which preeminence hath remained vpon such occasions in the house of Foix the Lordships whereof were by him encreased with the Vicounty of Narbona and with the lands of Capdolat other purchases and in the end with the crowne of Nauarre by his marriage with Donna Leonora of Arragon daughter to King Iohn of whom we now treat of this man issued the posterity which followes Gaston who should haue succeeded him who as we haue said died at Liborne at the tilting which was made at the comming of Charles Duke of Guyenne brother to King Lewis the eleuenth left heires behind him Francis Phoebus and Catherine his children then Iohn Lord of Narbone from whom issued Gaston Viscount of Narbone and since Duke of Nemours who won the battaâ—le of Rauenna where neuerthelesse he died Gencalogie of Nauarre and Germain second wife to Fernand King of Spaine of Gaston and Elenor were borne the third sonne named Peter who was Cardinall and the fourth Iames a valiant Knight who died in the seruice of King Lewis the eleuenth more fiue daughters Mary wife to William Marquis of Montferrat Ioane wife to the Earle of Armagnac Marquâ—ritâ— wife to Frances Duke of Brittaine mother to Queene Anne of France Catherine married to the Earle of Candale who had three children the eldest of whom was Earle of Candall men an Archbishop of Bourdeaux and a daughter called Anne married to the King of Hungary the fifth daughter of Gaston and Elenor was called Elenor who died vnmarried Now let vs returne to the controuersie betweene Gaston de Foix father to these and his father in law King Iohn Couenants betwixt King Iohn and D. Lâ—onora his daughter Hee following the good aduice of his friends and seruants and hauing acquainted the King with his intent by message the King and D. Leonors his daughter met at a day appointed at Olita Gaston being absent in France where they agreed vpon these Articles following First that the townes cities communalties of Nauarre nobility and others of what Estate and condition soeuer should without contradiction acknowledge and obey King Iohn as their King during his life That the Earle Gaston and the Princesse his wife should promise to maintaine the priuiledges lawes and liberties of the Kingdome as they had beene in times past That the three Estates should take the oth of alleageance and doe homage to the Princes the husband and wife and acknowledge them for their naturall King and Queene after the decease of king Iohn notwithstanding any other act to the contrary that the married couple should irreuocably be perpeturall gouernors of the Kingdome during the Kings life their gouernment onely to cease when the King in person should bee in the Realme That neither the King nor the married Princes should ingage the Kingdome in whole nor in part That the three Estates should endeauor that the King and the Princes should accomplish and keepe all that had beene concluded and oppose against them that should infring them The same promise should be made and
wherefore hee did inuite both of them to come to victoria and to refere their controuersies to his arbitrement with these holy speeches hee gaue content and admiration to the Knights of Nauarre at whose returne the Earle of Lerin and the Constable came to Victoria where if King Fernand could not wholy reconcile them yet he procured a truce betwixt them putting each of them in mind with great meekenesse mixed with grauity of their errors with the amendement thereof to the good of the Kingdome their own particular proffit and for the seruice of King Iohn their maister The King of Arragon afterwards perceiuing him-selfe at the graues brinke and desiring to leaue quietnesse in that miserable kingdome where the factions had bred such confusions as neither the feare of God nor the respect of iustice nor the loue of honesty was able to containe men from executing all kinds of mischeefes murthers sacrileges robberies burnings and horrible desolations ouer the whole country which were followed with the terrible and fearefull iudgements of God as plagues famines and other scourges of his wrath all which were not onely encreased but procured by the Kings second marriage King Iohns second marriage 〈◊〉 to the realme of Nauarre King Iohn I say beeing mooued with these things sent the Earle of Lerin such assurances as hee caused him to to come to Saragossa being well accompanied where the King did gently receaue him graunted him peace and gaue a generall pardon to all offences past proceeding from both factions and for a greater confirmation of the whole he gaue the Earle a bastard daughter of his in marriage called Donna Leonora of Arragon by these meanes the Princesse Leonora widdow to the Earle of Foix The Earle of Lerin marrieth a bastard daughter of Arragon and becomes obedient to King Iohn and future Queene of Nauarre recouered without force her townes and fortresses and was euery where obeyed except in the Citty of Caseda which was battered at the taking whereof dyed that Valiant Captaine Sancho of Eruiti surnamed the obstinate in the seruice of the Princesse Leonora about which time Alphonso Carillo Bishop of Pampelona called a Sinode at Estella wherein they treated of ceremonies and other matters After all these things King Iohn beeing at rest and quietâ— in the Citty of Barcelona notwithstanding hee was very aged and full of sicknesse fell in loue with a yong Gentlewoman called Francina Rosa with whose beauty and comlinesse hee did comfort by imbraces and frutelesse kisses the waywardnesse of his old age leauing her concerning other matters free and vntouched to him who after-ward married her King Fernand hauing as hath beene already saide made the pacification of Nauarre at Victoria Iohn King of Arragon falls in loue in his extreme old age and by the renowne of his power deliuered the country of Guipuscoa from the French army would in like manner order the affaires of Alua Biscaie and other places neere adioyning where were many factions and other disorders hee therefore entred Bicay beeing attended on by Don Alphonso Carisso Bishoppe of Pampelona Pedro Lopes de Padilla great gouernor of the Frontiers of Castile Don Henry Henriques the Kings Vncle brother to the Admirall Don Pedro de Estuniga eldest Sonne to the Earle of Miranda Doctor Iohn Dias de Alcocer one of the Kings Councell Roderigo Vlloa his great Tresorer and Councellour Don Diego de Acugna sonne to the Bishop of Burgos Don Fernand de Ayala sonne to the Marshall Don Garcia de Ayala and by other Knights and Ecclesiasticall persons The Biscains had an ancient custome which was not to suffer any Bishop to come within their country Bishops exclaued out of the Country of Bisay by reason perhaps of the attempts and wrongs which they had in time before susteined by the prelats and Churchmen the which was vnknowne to King Fernand who riding on with the Bishop hee was aduertized of their custome and was constrained to send him backe the peasants and poore country people thinking the ground to bee infected wherevpon this Prelat and his Mule did tread were busied many daies after in scraping together the dust of the high-waies Strange opinions of the Biscaines concerning Bishops which they laide vp in heapes and threw it afterwards with curses and imprecations into the sea the which certainely was not done without some mistery those people not beeing voide of religion but superstitiously deuout as the rest of the Spaniards are The King visited Bilboa and afterward hee came to Guernica where hee was receiued and reuerenced with all ceremonious duty Hee called the Nobility of the country thither and confirmed all their priuiledges by his letters patents written by Gaspar Arin his secretary dated the thirtith day of Iuly the yeere 1476. in the presence of diuers Noble personages of name The King beeing busied about these matters a famous French Pirate named Colora came with foure vessels to a place called the figge-tree of Fontarabie to whom after that fiue more ioyned these nine shippes did ride there at an ankor for the space of eleuen daies in the view of the towne of Fontarabie and sundry times they landed their souldiars who ranne vp and downe the country burning and spoyling all they met with against whom the Garrison went forth and flew more then a hundred of them wherevpon they set saile towards Galicia where they burned the suburbes of the City of Ribadeo then sayling along the coast of Portugall they met with certaine Carrakes of Genoa Combate at sea be wiâ—t the frenchmen Genoueses with whom they grapled and the fight betwixt them was so furious as seuen vessells were there burned to weet two Genoueses and fiue of the Pirates who with the other foure which remained were repared at Lisbone The report of this Pirate caused thirty ships of warre to bee set forth as well from Saint Sebastians as from other places on the coast of Biscay who met altogether at Laredo and this sea-army parted from Conserua and sailed towards Galicia where they tooke partly by force and partly by composition certaine places vpon the sea coast next to Portugall which were reuolted from the Kings of Castile Herevpon truce was granted and agreed vpon betwixt the French men and Guipuscoans by land onely for the space of three monthes leauing the sea free for euery man to doe the best hee could the army aboue mentioned hauing done that exploite on the marches of Galicia returned laden with spoiles Amongst other things those of Saint Sebastian brought away two yron peeces of ordonance whereof one did carry a stone-bullet of a hundred and threescore pound waight taken from Bayon de Minio The charges of this warre of Guipuscoa was heauy to the whole Prouince with great discommodity and losse of their bloud which warre after the retreat of the French did continue still at sea where the French lost more then they did winne King Fernand hauing discharged honored and praised
the souldiars and punished certaine euill liuers in that country and ouerthrowne certaine strong houses he returned to Victoria The Cardinall of Spaine The Cardinall of Spaine seâ—ks to renew the peace betwixt France and Spaine in the meane time who was a very wise and pollitike man did trie by all meanes to draw away the French King from the alliance with Portugall and to make him friend to his King hee had in former time written sundry letters vnto him to that purpose and now hee continued it sending Alphonso Ianes treasurer of the Church of Siguença vnto him to put him in minde of the inuiolable Friendship which had beene in times past betwixt the houses of France and Castile whose forces had beene so well vnited togither to the preiudice of the English ancient enemies and competitors of the crowne of France whereas the Portugalls on the contrary had alwaies fauoured and followed them to the great hinderance and contempt of the French Nation and then hee besought him to consider what occasion hee had to bandy against the King of Castile for Portugall requesting him henceforward to giue place to that which reason humanity and profit did require which was to cause the warre to cease and re-establish the holy friendship and league betwixt France and Castile This Treasorer made diuerse voyages into France for this purpose and handled the matter so well as hee obtained truce for a yeere and there was a place appointed betwixt Bayon and Fontaraby for the two Kings Commissioners for to meet at About this time the Earle of Paredes who called himselfe Maister of Saint Iames did beseege Vcles where hee found sharpe resistance and doing his vttermost to take it the captaine who held it for the Marquis of Villena certified his Maister what need hee had of helpe the Marquis beeing then at Alcara de Henares with the Archbishop of Toledo brought him and as much power as they could raise betwixt them to Vcles which were about three thousand horse Yet notwithstanding the Earle made no shew that hee ment to dislodge VVarre of Vcles against the Marquis of Villena but against the opinion of all men hee maintained the seege and hee had moreouer the courage to goe and affront the troupes of the Marquis and Archbishop keeping them a whole day in alarumm aking sundrie charges with aduantage at the last with the losse of some of his owne people he inforced them to returne not being able to driue him from the Castle where soone after arriued men at armes to his succor who were sent by the Duke of Infantasgo and conducted by Don Hurtado de Mendoza his brother with the which forces ioyned to some of his owne hee followed the Marquis and the Archbishop with great hope to haue defeated them if they would haue accepted the fight but they wanted courage albeit they were within a bow shot of them but the Archbishop and the Marquis retired themselues about mid-night to a castle called Arauia despairing euer to succor Vcles which the beseeged perceiuing yeelded themselues with safety of liues and goods As these men did thus trouble themselues in Spaine the King of Portugall beeing vexed Portugal King Alphonso of Portugall doth in vaine solicite the French King to vndertake with him wars against Spaine that his affaires succeeded so vnluckily where as he was wont to triumph and bee victorious in Affrica would once againe sollicite King Lewis and determined to goe in person into France Hee therefore imbarked himselfe and hauing passed the Streights hee came to Marseilles from whence hee went to the King who lay at Tours of whom hee was kindly entertained but concerning the affaires for which hee came hee gaue him no hope at all but delaied him from day to day excusing himselfe by the great warres which hee had against the English and the Duke of Bourgondy enterteyning him without any conclusiue answere at the last hee told him that it behooued him to haue a dispensation from Pope Sixtus the fourth then raigning for to marry with his Neece Donna Ioane his sisters daughter before hee could pretend any lawfull right to the Kingdome of Castile and Leon wherevpon either King did write to Rome to that effect where the Ambassador of King Fernand and Queene Isabella did mainely oppose himselfe against it alleadging the great troubles and miseries which such a dispensation might cause in Spaine Yet notwithstanding at the entreaty of King Lewis the dispensation was graunted the which did conteine that it was lawfull for Donna Ioane to marry any one within the fourth degree It is reported that King Don Alphonso beeing in talke with King Lewis and labouring to induce him to poursue this warre The King of Portugalls abiect courage vsed many base entreaties and kneeled to him with other like iestures ill beseeming a King who ought still to shew himselfe couragious and constantly to resist all aduersities And perceiuing that the controuersies betwixt the King and the Duke of Burgondy were a great hinderance to his businesse hee tooke vpon him to reconcile and make them friends to the end hee might the better procure helpe from both of them for Duke Charles of Burgondy was his cousin germaine borne of a sister to King Edward his father but hauing made a iourney to him and beeing returned to Paris the Dukes ouerthrow and death did fodainely follow which happened before Nancy in the yeere 1477. which did the more alienate the French King from giuing eare to the affaires of Spaine An. 1477. beeing more attentiue to recouer both the Burgondies with the lands and townes of Picardy Flanders and Artois which were dependances of his crowne Duke Charles hauing left no other heire of his great Dominions but his onely daughter Mary who was afterward married to Maximillian of Austria she was grand-mother to the Emperour Charles heire to all Spaine after the death of King Fernand and Queene Isabella in the right of his mother Donna Ioane their daughter as shal be declared in his place Vpon these pretences concerning Bourgondy King Lewis found sufficient occasion to delay him promising that those businesses being ended hee would doe whatsoeuer the King of Portugall would request him King Alphonso of Portugall in despaire who being sorrowfull and discontented departed out of France and was brought into such despaire as hee determined to goe to Ierusalem and there to become a Monke without euer seeing Portugall any more from which determination his friends and seruants disswaded him putting him in minde of the great wrong hee should doe to his honour and reputation thereby In his absence Prince Iohn by his fathers consent tooke vpon him the title of King but vnderstanding that King Alphonso was arriued at Cascaes hee like an obedient sonne gaue ouer the title and authority vnto him Queene Isabella in this meane space thought to haue surprised Toro by the meanes of the Admirall and the Earle of Benauent Castile who after a
King Lewis the eleuenth who did not greatly affect the affaires of Castile did hinder that match The like hinderance was ministred by her and King Lewis in the marriage of his sister Catherine who was Queene of Nauarre and the Prince Don Iohn of Castile heire to the same crowne for King Lewis who had great deseignes in his head did goe about to marry this King Francis Phoebus to Donna Ioane the Nun at Coimbra the pretended Queene of Castile and by that pretended right and the forces of his owne Kingdome to cast King Fernand and Queene Isabella out of the Realmes of Castile and Leon and for euer to keepe the Earledome of Rossillion to himselfe with other purposes which vanished into aire and the better to effect what hee had determined sent Ambassadors into Portugall to King Alphonso whose death happening this yeere with that of the King of Nauarres soone after did quite frustrate these practizes to the which King Iohn of Portugall who succeeded his father Alphonso would by no meanes harken The end of the two and twentith Booke SEMPER EADEM THE THREE AND TVVENtith Booke of the Generall History of Spaine The Contents 1 THe beginning of the long warre of Granado against King Muley Albohacen 2 Death of King Francis Phoebus Marriage procured by the Kings of Castile for their sonne D. Iohn with Queene Catherine of Nauarre 3 Continuance of the warre of Granado Conquest of that great Canaries Switzers hired for this warre against the Moores 4 Causes of suspition of King Fernand and Queene Isabella against the heire of Nauarre Intelligences and practizes with the factious to get that Kingdome 5 Continuance of the warre of Granado 6 The reigne of King Iohn the second of Portugall Discouery of Manicongo the King intitles himself Lord of Guiney Conspiracies Death of the dukes of Bragança and Viseo with other tragicall acts in the same Court 7 Continuance of the warre of Granado against Muley Boabdellin the one and twentith King of that Country The Pope helpeth forward the warre of Granado Pollitike acts of the Kings of Castile 8 Christofer Columbus his first comming to the Court of Castile his disposition and quallities 10 Seege of Malaga 11 Hermandades or brother-hoods Inquisition in Arragon 12 Iohn d' Albret and Catherine of Nauarre the fiue and thirtith in Order of the Kings of Nauarre The vicount of Narbonne quarrels about the Earledome of Foix Enterprises of Castile against Nauarre by meanes of the factions 13 King Fernands fauours towards Amand d' Albret aide graunted by him to the Princes and Lords confederate against the French King Charles the eight 14 Death of the duke of Alua and other Lords of Castile Exploits done against the Moores 15 Nauigations of the Portugalls into the Ocean sea search and discouery of vnknowne lands and great dilligence of King Iohn of Portugall about these matters 16 Treaties of marriage and other domesticall acts in the Court of Castile oppression of the Conuerts 17 Continuance of the warre against the Moores of Granado Seege of Baça 18 Mastership of Calatraua incorporated to the Cowne of Castile with other matters belonging to the same Order 19 Pursute of the Moorish warre Baça yeelded vp 20 Pursutes against Mahomet the Little the last King of Granado to dispossesse him of the same city vnder collour of right 21 Marriage of Prince Alphouso of Portugall with Donna Isabella the Infanta of Castile 22 Seege of Granado and yeelding vp of the same city 23 Pollitike acts of King Fernand and Queene Isabella of Castile 34 D. Alphonso of Portugall his pittifull death In this three and twintith Booke for continuance of the Kings reigning in Spaine mention is made of 35. Iohn D' Albret and Catherine his wife King and Queene of Nauarre himselfe the second of that name THe warre which King Fernand began and ended against the Moores of Granado was one of his most memorable acts for the Kingdome of Granado did florish more at that time Qualities of King Muley Alâ—obacen then it had done in many yeeres before being full of men riches and armor and gouerned by one of the wisest and pollitike Kings that euer reigned ouer that Nation namely Muley Albohacen if hee had beene a little more faithfull and lesse ambitious and proud which qualities did plunge him into troubles and miserable diuisions as well against his subiects in the bowels of his owne country as against the Castillians his neighbours Hee had enioyed a long peace and as it were with pride and brauing he pulled vp the assurance thereof by the rootes from the Kings of Caile hauing freed and discharged himselfe from the tribute which his predecessors were accustomed to pay them And albeit the same was greeuous to King Fernand and Queene Isabella which were magnanimous and impatient of all losse and diminution of their royall Estate who besides that were pricked forward as well by their owne zeale to Christian Religion as by the perswasion of the Popes and Prelates to vndertake the same warre yet notwithstanding the truce agreed vpon the charge and discommodities of the warres which they had newly ended against the King of Portugall the present confusion wherein the Realme of Castile was at the same time did counsell them to waite for a fitter opportunity Now when it pleased God vnto whom all times and occasions are subiect that this Mahometan superstition should take an end and that this race of Moores should bee rooted out of Spaine by armes seeing that other more conuenient meanes could not bee vsed by the Church the warre which was constantly pursued against them and wholy ended in the space of tenne yeeres did beginne in this manner King Muley Albohacen hauing beene aduertized that the city of Zahara was negligently kept by the Christians Nauarre and presuming vpon the truce caused it to be taken in the night by scaladoe togither with the sort and castle he carried away the men cattaile and all the riches that he could finde therein and manned it with a good and strong garrison of Moores The taking thereof being knowne in Granado one of their Philosophers which they call Alphaquies cried out publikely Either mine Oracles deceiue mee or the end of the ancient reigne of the Moores in Spaine is at hand the which in deed came to passe the surprising of this towne giuing King Fernand occasion to lay hand vpon this conquest with all his forces and meanes and with incredible perseuerance The newes that the truce was broken by the Moores being vnderstood at Medina del Campo where the Court then was diuerse companies were dispatched to the frontiers of Murcia and Andaluzia vnder the charge of Don Alphonso de Cardenaz Maister of Saint Iames who lay in garrison at Eccia Don Roderigo Telles Giron Maister of Calatraua remained at Iaen and others in other places besides the ordinary garrisons and forces of Don Pedro Henriques Gouernor generall of the frontiers of Andaluzia assisted by Don Pedro
drawing all the Potentates of Italy to their Factions VVars of Italy appeased who by the diligence and good meanes of Don Iohn Bishoppe of Girone chiefe of that Ambassage and by the fauour and authoritie of the Kings of Castile were reconciled albeit the Venetians did alwaies nourish a secret hatred and contempt of King Fernand and Queene Izabella and did not greatly care to obserue the peace In this meane space the Captaines which lay vppon the frontiers of Granado made inroades and incredible spoyles vppon the Moores especially those of the Garrison of Alhama from whence a craftie and cunning Squire whose name was Iohn de Corrall of Diego Lopes d'Aâ—ala his companie came foorth by meanes of a safe-conduct to conferre with the King of Granado giuing him to vnderstand how that hee of himselfe could vse meanes to cause Alhama to bee restored vnto him wherewith the Moore king was so pleased as he offered readily on his part to yeeld vp Zahara and to set all the Christian prisoners at libertie giuing a great quantitie of gold and besides that to pay tribute and for euer to become vassall to the kings of Castile Iohn de Corrall with these promises came to the Kings and declared to them in part what he had treated with the King of Granado his chiefe drift beeing onely to get gifâ—s and rewards whereuppon the Kings giuing credite vnto him gaue him limited authoritie to contract with the Moore Beeing returned to Granado the Moore King who thought that the principall Article of his Commission was for the restitution of Alhama had not the patience to consider and looke vppon Iohn de Corral his authoritie but beganne readily on his part to performe what hee had promised causing diuers Christian prisoners to be set at liberty Then Iohn de Corall contenting himselfe with that which was done came to Iaen and told the Duke of Nagera how he had deceiued the king of Granado who presently sent to the Duke to complaine of this deceipt The Duke sent Iohn de Corrall to the Court aduertising the Kings what he had done whereat they were highly discontented and they did commaund that the prisoners ransomes should bee payed Integrity of â— Fernand and Q. Izabel and that Iohn de Corrall should pay backe the money iewels and other presents that hee had receiued of the King of Granado and that hee should bee kept prisoner in Antequera vntill hee had made full restitution and that the warre should stand vppon the selfe-same tearmes as before Notwithstanding that the Kings had begunne the warre of Granado and did greatly suspect the French on the side of Nauarre yet for that they did not giue ouer to vndertake matters of great importance either of them beeing of an haughtie and magnanimous courage Of the seauen Ilands called the Canaries which are girdled with the Atlantick Ocean foure of them were alreadie conquered by the valor and industrie of certaine inhabitants of Seuill Canaries made subiects to the Kings of Castil euer since the raigne of King Iohn the second and there remayned yet the great Canarie Thenerif and the I le of Palmes to be brought vnder the subiection of the kings of Castile therefore this yeare 1483. they sent thither Alphonso of Muxica and Pedro de Vera valiant Captaines and no lesse skilfull in sea-fights than at land who landed in the great Canaries where they found two kings striuing for the principalitie thereof they fauoured one of them and dealt in such sort as hauing rooted out the other they obtained the gouernement of the Island the Cittie was erected into a Bishops Sea and translated from the Isle of Lançarot In Andalusia the Master of Saint Iames the Marquis of Cales the Earle of Cifuentes Gouernour of Siuill Don Alphonso d'Aguilar Don Pedro Henriques Captaine of the frontiers and others came to Antequera with an intent to spoile the countrey of las Lomas de Malaga The Christians defeated called Axarquia a territorie abounding in cattell of the which enterprise the Moores had notice who made themselues readie to charge them on the sudden when they should least looke for it hauing driuen their cattell into streights and strong places The Christians beeing entred into the countrey beganne to spoyle and they soone found sharpe resistance wherefore in regard of the streightnesse of the countrey and because they found not such booties as they expected they thought to turne backe but beeing ignorant of the wayes and ouertaken by the night they fell into streight and narrow places betwixt certaine hilles which were filled with enemies at the last they came into a valley where with great labour and disaduantage they were enforced to fight all that night with the Moores the which did greatly amaze the whole army The Master of Saint Iames beeing valiant and couragious in striuing to ascend an hill lost his Ensigne-bearer and a kinsman of his owne called Iohn d'Osorno Iohn Baçan and other Commaunders who sold their liues at a deare rate the Marquis of Cales did in like manner follow the Master of Saint Iames but the victorious Moores ouerthrew his troupes likewise and slue Don Diego Don Lope and Don Bertrand his brethren and Don Lorenzo and Don Manuel his nephewes euen in his sight yet notwithstanding himselfe the Master of Saint Iames and Don Pedro Henriques did escape with great danger The Earle of Cifuentes making meanes to escape among the rest was taken prisoner with Don Bernardin Manrique the Captaines of Antequera and Moron and diuers others great was the slaughter of the souldiers at this defeate the which was notable and of great consequence The Moores carried away the Earle and the rest of the prisoners to Granado but they did not long reioyce in the good hap of their victorie for the Christians soone after tooke a sharpe vengâ—ance on them for King Mahomet Boabdellin surnamed the Little hauing with great troupes of horse and foote ouer-runne and spoyled the territorie of Lucena and Aguilar at his returne backe beeing pestred with great heards of cattaile and other booties Don Diego of Cordoua Earle of Cabra who lay in garrison at Beana to resist such enterprises and Don Diego Fernandes of Cordoua on the one side did pursue him to cause him to leaue his bootie behind him and Don Alphonso of Aguilar on the other side with his troupes placed themselues in ambush in a narrow streight thorough which they were to passe at their returne with intent to charge them on a sudden Now the King who had tenne Moores for one Christian of the Earle of Cabra's band which followed him made no difficultie to stay for them yet they charged one another with great furie The Moores defeated and their King taken prisoner where the Moores notwithstanding their multitudes prooued the weaker and thinking to make a safe retreate they fell into Don Alphonso d'Aguilars ambush who slue a thousand of them vpon the same place the rest leauing their prey behind
recouery of that kingdome out of the French mens hands and he imagned that hee should not transgresse either diuine or humaine lawes if he reputed that conquest to belong to him selfe and if hee should ioyne this action to that which his father and hee pretended in the said Kingdome by reason of the illegitimate succession of Don Fernand bastard to Don Alphonso of Arragon The King of France and Spaine diuide the Realme of Naples and depose King Frederike wherefore he vsing the selfe same pollicy did practize with King Lewis in such sort as they parted the Kingdome of Naples betwixt themselues and dispossessed King Frederike thereof whom they condemned for light and inconstant vnto King Fernand were assigned Calabria and Puglia as countries neere to his Realme of Sicile to the French King Abruzzo and Terra di Lauor where stands the city of Naples on condition that King Fernand should intitle himselfe as hee was wont to doe King of Sicile and the French King should adde to his titles King of Naples and of Ierusalem for all rights pretended by the house of Aniou That these diuisions should be conquered from King Frederike at the particular costs and by the forces of either of these great Kings with condition that the one should not hinder the others conquest This agreement and diuision made and concluded in great secret was afterward allowed and confirmed at Rome by Pope Alexander the sixth the two Ambassadors of France and Castile requiring it and the French King did presently set his hand to the worke sending a mighty army vnder the conduct of Lewis of Armignac Duke of Nemours who enuaded the portion assigned to the King his Master and tooke the cities of Naples Capua and other strong places being assisted by Caesar Borgia Lançol Duke Valentinois who from a Cardinall was become a souldier and murtherer of his owne brother Don Francisco Borgia Lanâ—col Duke of Gandia The great captaine on the other side pressing King Frederike very hardly who beeing amazed to see him selfe shut in betwixt two such mighty enemies beeing not prepared nor strong enough to resist at the last giuing place to necessity hee resolued to make an agreement with the French King making ouer to him all his right and the forts which he held on condition that he might be Duke of Aniou and receiue in France where hee would remaine thirty thousand ducats of yeerely rent This agreement was concluded to Frederikes great losse who contemned King Fernand of Castile or at the least did distrust his friendship perceiuing that contrary to the hope which he had to be aided by him at his need and wherein hee had entertained Prospero Colonna with great numbers of souldiers he did shew himselfe to bee his enemy It may be that the feare which he had of his owne souldiers did hasten him to this conclusion hauing no meanes to pay them their entertainment the fauour of Spaine failing him and fearing least they would haue plaide him the like trick as the Switzers defrauded of their paies had done to the Duke of Milan whom they deliuered to the French King his enemy He went into France with his wife and children his eldest excepted and carried with him his moueables and money King Frederike of Naples goes into France receiuing of Duke Valentine a great sum of glod for his Artillery and munition which he sold to him This King Frederike was the fifth of the house of Arragon who had successiuely held the crowne of Naples counting from King Alphonso of Arragon adopted by Queene Ioane who deceassing at Naples the yeere 1458. left it to his base sonne Fernand hee to his sonne Alphonso Alphonso inforced by Charles the eight gaue it ouer to his sonne Fernand by whose death the Kingdome fell to Frederike his vncle The great captaine makes none account of keeping his faith and promise who hauing reigned foure yeeres made it ouer to King Lewis of France and died in the city of Tours leauing his eldest sonne D. Fernand of Arragon Duke of Calabria heire to all that he possest whom he had left fortified in the inexpugnable city of Tarentum with D. Iohn de Gueuara Earle of Potentia and other Knights who neuerthelesse being beseeged and assailed by the great captaine did yeeld vpon condition to bee set at liberty the which was not performed for the great captaine to preuent the inconueniences which might happen detained and sent them prisoners into Spaine About the time of the agreement betwixt these two Kings not long before Claude daughter to King Lewis was borne shee was presumptiue heire to the Duchy of Britan There was motion made of marrying her when she should come to age with Charls of Austria sonne to the Archduke Philip and to the Infanta D. Ioane his wife who pursuing there voyage into Spaine went thorow France and were by King Lewis his command greatly honored in all places and namely in the city of Paris Among other poynts and articles of this Treatie of marriage it was concluded as the Spaniards write betwixt the Emperour Maximillian pretending right to the Dutchie of Milan and King Lewis who then possessed it that hee by whose fault this marriage was not accomplished Homage for Flanders and Artois refused to the French King should forfeit all his right in the sayd Dutchie The Arch-duke and the Infanta his wife beeing at Paris were required by the King to do him homage as to their Soueraigne for the Earledome of Flanders and other lands belonging to the Crowne whereat the Infanta Donna Ioane was so displeased as albeit shee were in the Kings dominions shee did obstinatly contradict it and would neuer consent therunto These two houses by the iust iudgement of God were appoynted to vexe one another by long warre in time to come for to scourge the world It is an hard matter to entertaine the friendship of great men or when it is disioyned to set it firmely together againe The houses of Spayne and France in former times vnited by holy concord and most profitable friendship did first of all disagree about the Earledome of Rossillon pawned to King Lewis the eleuenth by King Iohn of Arragon for 3. hundred thousand crownes about the restitution whereof pernitious warres ensued the which in some sort beeing composed they were afterward renewed concerning the Kingdome of Naples and either part did not let to search and take all occasions lawful or faigned to hurt one another and to violate and breake all agreements procured betwixt them in such sort as there is no Region on the earth which hath not beene troubled with their quarrels or felt the miseries and calamities of their warres The agreement made betwixt the two Kings diuiding another mans Kingdome did not last long for before the yeare was ended there arose a great quarrell betwixt the two Kings Gouernours and Lieutenants in the Kingdome of Naples about a bitte of ground lying betwixt Puglia and Abruzzo called
and of Fernando Cortez to the Indies 2 Expedition of Africke by the Castillans and the taking of the great port of Mersalcabir 3 Peace betwixt Castille and France and treaties of mariage 4 The Archduke Philip of Austria and D. Iaone his wife part out of Flaunders to returne into Castille and are stayed in England 5 Death of Christofer Columbus His posteritie 6 D. Philip and D. Ioane his wife kings of Castille Retreat of king Ferdinand into Arragon 7 Voyage of king Ferdinand into Italie Enteruiew of king Lewis and king Ferdinand at Sauonne 8 The duke Valentin being a prisoner in Castille escapes into Nauarre 9 Affaires of Nauarre Disposition of the king D. Iohn of Albret Contentions betwixt him and the queene his wife for the factions of Nauarre 10 Rashnesse of the earle of Lerin Constable of Nauarre Sentence and condemnation against him Warre betwixt the king and the earle Death of duke Valentin 11 Exploits of Pedro Nauarro in Africke in fauour of the Portugals 12 Rashnesse of the marquesse of Priego punished by the king D. Ferdinand Regent in Castille 13 Sedition at Lisbone for religion The mutines punished 14 Search of the firme land at the Indies by Alphonso Hojeda and others 15 League betwixt the Pope the Emperour Maximilian king Ferdinand and Lewis 12 the French king against the Venetians 16 Discouerie of the firme land at the Indies Forts built there 17 Expedition of Cardinall Francis Ximenes into Africke The taking of the citie of Oran 18 Warre against the Venetians 19 Practise of Pope Iulio against the French Schisme in the Church of Rome Counsell demanded by the French king 20 Taking of Bugia and other exploits in Africke by Pedro Nauarro Death of D. Garcia Aluares of Toledo 21 Behauiour of the Spaniards at the West Indies Seditions among them 22 Progresse of the warre of Italie made by the French against the Pope Councell of Pisa and a counter Councell at Rome at S. Iohn de Latran 23 Warre betwixt France and Spaine A league betwixt the Pope king Ferdinand and the Venetians 24 Continuance of this warre by the Pope against the French Exploits of Gaston earle of Foix duke of Nemours 25 Pursuit of the king and queene of Nauarre in Castille to be restored to much of their patrimonie in that realme but without any effect 26 Meanes vsed by the Pope and king Ferdinand to dispossesse the king D. Iohn of Albret and the queene D. Katherina his wife of the realme of Nauarre 27 Meanes vsed by the Emperor Maximilian to abandon the French Battell of Rauenna 28 Censures against Lewis the twelfth the French king and his realme Retreat of king Iohn of Albret into Fraunce Inuasion of the realme by the Castillans Pampelone taken by the duke of Alua. 29 Exploits of Vasco Nugnes of Bilbao and other Spaniards at the Indies D. Philip 1. and D. Ioane 21 Kings of Castille and 42 of Leon. THe Castillans and Leonois 1504 for want of their Queene proprietarie D. Isabella began to accustome themselues to the yoke of German princes hauing presently set vp in Castille the Armes of the Archduke Philip of Austria and of D. Ioane heire of these realmes in her mothers right and D. Frederic of Toledo duke of Alba aduanced these banners in their name yet the king D. Ferdinand continued lawfull gouernour vntill the comming of these princes who had aduertisement sent them presently into Flaunders of the Queenes death The Archduke Philip was then six and twentie yeares old faire of face well proportioned of his members of a good grace mild and courteous in speech of a great spirit actiue quicke and learned by reason whereof being in him more then ordinarie hee was surnamed the Great Whilest that he made preparation to come and take possession of this great inheritance king Ferdinand after the royall and stately obsequies of the deceased Queene and the bodie transported to Granado with a great traine he retired himselfe to the monasterie of Mejorada and from thence hee past to Toro being accompanied by D. Francis Ximenes Archbishop of Toledo Diego of Deca Archbishop of Seuille and others of great qualitie and learning to conferre about the execution of the deceased Queenes will 1 In the meane time Iohn de Cosa Voiage of Iohn de Cosa a good sea-man rigged forth foure Carauels out of port S. Maria at his owne charge and by Iohn of Ledesma of Seuille and others desirous to inrich themselues vndertaking the conquest of that countrey at the Indies which was held by the Caribes Whereupon setting sayle he came and toucht at a place called Carthagena there being joyned vnto him captaine Lewis Guerre who beginning to make warre together they tooke sixe hundred of these Barbarians in the island of Codego then coasting along the shore desirous to barter wares and to buy gold they entred into Vraba where they found some little gold in the sand and from thence they returned into the island of Hispaniola and the citie of S. Domingo laden with men but scanted of victuals and of all other things especially of gold wherof they were exceeding greedie The same yeare 1504 Fernando Cortez voyage to the Indies there went vnto the Indies Fernand Cortez borne at Medellin in Estremadura one of the most famous men that hath beene in these conquests vnto our dayes He arriued at S. Domingo in a ship belonging to Alphonso Quintero of Palos of Moguer where he was well entertained by the Secretarie Medine the gouernour being then absent and afterwards by the gouernor Nicholas d' Ouando himselfe being returned This was he which conquered Noua Hispania Of the maners of the Indians their idolatries and damnable superstitions the curious may be more amply informed by the particular histories of the Indies written by Peter Martyr of Angleria Gonsal Fernandes of Ouiedo Francisco Lopes of Gomara and others During king Ferdinands gouernment in Castille the Estate began to be trobled by some noblemen who thought that queen Isabel being dead they might lawfully tyrannise but the king hauing called the Estates to Toro 1505 in the yeare 1505 he caused a new oath to be taken to the queene D. Ioane his daughter and to her husband as kings of Castille Leon Granado c. and by his wisedome pacified those tumults and disorders which were likely to grow Chauncerie transported frō Cite Royall to Granado Which yeare for many reasons the Chauncerie which was at Cite Royall was transported to Granado where since it hath remained And by the persuasion of D. Francisco Ximenes Archbishop of Toledo and Primate of Spaine there was an expedition attempted against the Moores of Africke nothing concurring with the embassage which had beene sent to Caire whereof mention hath beene made 2 The Primate had had sundrie discourses with a Venetian called Ieronimo Vianello an industrious man and knowing the countrey of Africke His designe was vpon the citie of Oran Description of Oran well
then came and died in Spaine in the towne of Cigales neere to Vailledolit in the yeare 1558 and lyes in the monasterie of S. Benedict of Vailledolit 3 Whilest that the Queen D. Isabella liued they did still practise some meanes of peace betwixt France and Spaine and to this end the kings of Castille and Arragon had their embassadors in the French kings Court making shew that they would restore king Frederic to his realme of Naples or giue it to D. Ferdinand duke of Calabria his eldest sonne who was resident if Spaine but it was not credible for that is not the custome in our age to giue away kingdomes which they doe quietly enjoy especially hauing gotten it with so great charge neither did he any thing But the yeare of her decease there was a peace concluded betwixt the Emperor Maxmilian and his sonne Philip and king Lewis by the which it was the third time agreed That prince Charles of Austria should mariâ— Claude of France with the consent of the princes and noblemen of France by the kings commaundement and namely of Francis duke of Angoulesme who was next in degree to the Crowne It was also concluded That the Emperor Maximilian should grant the inuestiture of the duchie of Milan to king Lewis for him and his heires and successors males and for want of males to his daughter and to her future spouse prince Charles who dying before the consummation of the mariage she should be giuen in mariage to the Infant D. Ferdinand his brother and they their descendants should enjoy the said duchie of Milan For the expedition of which priuiledge and donation king Lewis should pay vnto the Emperor 70000. ducats vpon the deliuerie of the letters and the like summe six moneths after and euery yere vpon new-yeares day a paire of gilt spurs in signe of honor Betwixt the Pope the Emperour king Philip his Sonne and the French king there was a league made against the Venetians League made against the Venetians to recouer the townes and Lands which either of these Princes pretended to belong vnto him and had beene vsurped by this Common-weale into which league Ferdinand king of Arragon might enter if he pleased and there was not any mention made of the realme of Naples in expectation whereof king Fredederic ended his daies that yeare 1505. at Tours Peace betwixt France and Spaine That yeare the truce betwixt D. Ferdinand king of Arragon and the French king was conuerted to a peace vpon condition that king Ferdinand should marry Germaine the kings neece daughter to his sister and to Iohn of Foix and of Nauarre Vicount of Narbone which Lady was allyed to King Ferdinand in the third degree the Vicont of Narbone being borne of queene Leonora of Nauarre his Sister by reason of which consanguinity they had a dispensation from the Pope Treatie of marriage betwixt Ferdinand and the Lady Germaine of Foix. and in consideration of this marriage it was agreed that the part which the French king might pretend in the realme of Naples should stand in stead of a dowrie for his Neece the future queene of Arragon vpon condition that the king D. Ferdinand should pay vnto the French king seuen hundred thousand ducats for the charges hee had beene at in the warre of Naples and moreouer should indowe his spouse with three hundred thousand ducats and in regard thereof a peace being concluded the Noblemen and Barons of the Realme that were prisoners in the Spaniards hands should be deliuered and the banished men restored to their estates all confiscations being void That queene Germaine dying without children before the king D. Ferdinand her dowrie should remaine to him but if she suruiued and had no children it should returne to the crown of France That king Ferdinand shold be bound to assist Gaston of Foix brother to his future spouse to conquer the realme of Nauarre which he pretended to belong vnto him and not to queene Katherine his cousin That the French King should giue leaue to queene Elizabeth widowe to King Frederit to retyre into Spaine with two children which shee had in France to whome the King D. Ferdinand should giue honest meanes to liue and if she should refuse to goe that the French king should not giue any entertainment to her nor her children That for a stronger bond of peace and assurance of the two realmes the king of Spaine should be bound to aide him of France with two thousand light Horse three hundred men at armes and sixe thousand foot the French king him of Spaine with a thousand â— ances and sixe thousand foot in their warres The king of England was caution for both of them for this peace whereunto and to the marriage king Ferdinand did easily incline to quiet his minde in regard of the realme of Naples being also aduertised that his sonne in law king Philip contemning the will and testament of queene Isabell his mother in Lawe did not meane that hee should gouerne the realme of Castille Isabel widow to Frederic of Naples chased out of France The widow queene of Naples being chased out of France according to the accord she desired rather to retyre to Ferara vnder the protection of Duke Alfonso of Esse then to go into Spaine fearing it may be that king Ferdinand would put her children to death that there might not be any to pretend to the realme of Naples King Ferdinand hauing remained most part of the yeare at Segobia and hunting at Cerezuela hee came to salamanca there to spend the remainder in which yeare there dyed many great men of Spaine Death of many Gentlemen in Spaine D. Alfonso of Fonseca Bishop of Osma to whome there succeedded an ignorant and visaious prelate base Sonne to the Admirall D. Frederic Henriques called D. Alfonso Henriques borne of a slaue of which promotion the king did often repent him and was much blamed for it by other Prelates namely of frier Anthonie de la Pegna who preached before him There dyed also D. Pero Aluares Osorio Marquesse of Astorga who left for successor his Sonne D. Aluar Peres Osorio D. Gomes Suarez of Figueroa Earle of Feria to whome succeeded Don Laurence Suares of Figueroa his Sonne who hauing marryed D. Katherine of Cordoua eldest Daughter to D. Pedro of Cordoua and neece to the great Captaine came by her â—ight to bee Marquesse of Pâ—lego D. Alfonso of Fonseca Lord of Coca and Alacxos and D. Francisco of Velasco Earle of Siruela D. Hurtado of Mendosa gouernour of Casorla brother to the deceased Cardinall D. Pero Gonsales of Mendâ—ca did also end their daies this yeare The plague did also carry away infinite numbers of people in the citie of Burgos so as it was in a manner left desolate 4 In the yeare 1506 1506 vpon the controuersie growen betwixt the two kings father in lawe and sonne Difference betwixt D. FerdinaÌ„d king of Arragon and D. Philip and D.
seas the chiefe of which was Haydin Rays of Smirna called Chase-diuell which spoyled all men he resolued to defeat them wherefore hauing well furnished eight of his gallies both with souldiers and slaues and leauing the other seuen in the island of Yuisa he directed his course towards Formentana where he vnderstood the pyrats lay with certaine galliots and foists but he knew not their number But as he was of an vndaunted courage and discoursed with reason that those small barkes of the Barbarians commaunded by diuers men and for their owne priuat interests would rather flie than fight he did not respect the number of his enemies but after the Spartane maner sought where they were All which it may be had succeeded happily if he had not aduanced too hastily with his Admirall the which was boorded and he slaine by the pirats before the other gallies could succour him the which as they aduanced one after another without any order they were enuironed and fought withall by the enemies so of the eight gallies onely one escaped by flight the rest were taken and all the Christians slaine or made slaues Iohn the sonne of the generall Portundo was taken prisoner With this noble spoyle Haydin Rays presented himselfe to Haradin Barberousse who by the death of Horusco his brother remained king of Alger and head of all the pyrats of Barbarie so as growne confident being so fortified with gallies and slaues to be able to attempt some matter of importance whereon whilest he did meditate he drew into his companie Siman Cefut of Smima who was called the Iew a famous pyrat who retired with his vessels to Gerbe He called also another desperat pirat called Alicotto of Caramania who scoured the seas with foure foists and two gallies the which he had taken when Florence was besieged at Montargentaro where they had laden certaine munition conducted from Naples for that enterprise Barberousse hauing at the least 60 vessels of warre great and small had resolued to surprise Cales in Spaine and to get a rich bootie by reason of a Faire that was kept there Whilest that he prepared all things which he held necessarie he commaunded Alicotto to goe and conduct bisket artillerie and other necessaries to the armie lying at Alger During this preparation in Africke Andrew Doria went to sea with a great armie desirous to purge that sea of pyrats and to reuenge the wrong and great losse which the Emperour had sustained by the rashnesse of Portundo Being therefore aduertised that the Barbarians armie was diuided and where it lay he went towards Cercelli whereas Alicotto remained with 17 vessels where he arriued so suddenly as the pyrat had not any time but to vnfurnish his vessels to chase the Christian slaues into a caue or secret prison vnderground and to retire himselfe with his men into the castle sending messengers with all speed vnto the Moores of the neighbour mountaines Andrew Doria takes many gallies of pyrats to come and succour him Doria being arriued he became master of the town without any difficultie and of the port where he tooke two gallies and seuen galliots and burnt the rest He caused a diligent search to be made for the slaues and finding them he set aboue 1000 free Notwithstanding the lost about 400 souldiers who going rashly to spoile the towne were cut in peeces by the Moores which came and by the Turkes which sallied out of the castle with Alicotto or else forced to run into the sea Doria hauing caused his gallies to go from the shore to the end he might fight for his own safetie there were sixtie taken made slaues with George Palauicino an Ensign And this losse which Alicotto made of gallies and galliots was the safetie of Cales The yeare 1531 was memorable for the earthquake and inundations at sea 1531 which happened as well in Spaine as in Africk and Flanders Inundations whereas many towns buildings were ruined and much land drowned and infinit numbers of ships swallowed vp by the wonderfull spring tides with the losse of a great number of men This was at such time as the Infant D. Ferdinand was chosen king of Romans at Coullen Ferdinand chosen king of Romans that Germanie was threatened extraordinarily by Solyman the Turke who hauing raised a huge armie entred soon after into Hungarie with an intent to besiege Vienna the chiefe citie of Austria and the rampar of Christendome on that side to withstand whose power the Emperor being assisted by the princes of Germanie went thither in person which disappointed the designs of that great enemie 1532 He being retired the Emperor returned into Italie whereas Pope Clement League betwixt the Pope and Emperour he had an enteruiew at Bolonia in shew to treat of a general Councell which was not verie pleasing vnto the Pope although he made shew to inuite all princes but the chiefe end of this enteruiew 1533 was to make a league betwixt them and the other Potentates of of Italie for the assurance of their estates against the enterprises of the French Which done the king returned to Genoua where he imbarked in Februarie in the yeare 1533 and past into Spaine 34 During these affaires the Castillans continued with great vehemencie Peru discouered their discouerie of new lands whereas Francis Picarro borne at Trugillo who had liued long at the Indies discouered the countrey of Peru from whence such aboundance of treasure hath come by reason whereof the Emperour made him marquesse of Atauilles He had some time before discouered an island and in it a iowne which he called Saint Iago Continuing his course he coasted along the firme land of Peru and there planted a colonie which he named Saint Michael Colonie of S. Michael then entring farre into the countrey he found a fit opportunitie to doe his businesse in a warre which fell out betwixt two brethren contending for the realme of Cusco whereof the one was called Guascar and the other Atabalipa Guascar finding himselfe the weaker had recourse vnto Picarro and the Spaniards who promised to succour him but it was with an intent to ruine them both Ferdinand Picarro was happily come to the Indies at that time with new forces from Spain who hauing joined with the forces of his brother Francis and the Indians of Guascar they made a strong armie sufficient to assaile Atabalipa He for his part attentiue to all occasions of warre did not stay vntill the enemie came vnto him but went to meet them hauing in his armie aboue sixscore thousand Indians and gaue them battell about the towne of Caxamalean yet as some wtite within the circuit of the same towne which was verie great into the which Picarro had put himselfe finding it without dwellers and was there entertained at that time by the Barbarian king vnder colour of treating friendship with him but they could not agree The Spanish captaine had caused Atabalipa to be
these there were as some write other secret articles concluded betwixt Caraffa and the duke of Alba concerning Palieno and that duke During these broiles betwixt the Pope and the king of Spaine the warre was as violent vpon the frontiers of Artois Picardie where the duke of Sauoy being general for the king of Spain S. Quentin taken entred with an armie of 40000 men he beseeged S. Quentin defeated and tooke the Constable which came for to relieue it and then tooke the towne after which the duke of Guise was called home out of Italie The duke of Sauoy hauing taken Castelet and some other places in Picardie dissolued his armie after which the French king hauing raised a great armie commaunded by the duke of Guise Calis taken hee tooke Calis Guines and all the land of Oye from the English in the heart of winter 1558 Soone after the Marshall of Termes went with an armie into Flaunders where hauing taken Bergues and Dunkerke and beseeged Grauelin hee was charged by the earle of Egmont his armie defeated and hee himselfe taken Marshall of Termes defeated After which rout the French king leuied new forces and came and camped about Amiens And king Philip on the other side being nothing inferiour in forces lodged neere vnto Dourlans Whilest that these two mightie armies which lay so neere one vnto another held all the world in expectation of some bloudie battell God inspired the hearts of these two great Princes with a desire to quench this warre without effusion of bloud and to preferre an accord before a doubtfull victorie wherefore their Deputies being assembled in the Abbaie of Cercampe vpon the Marches of Artois hauing propounded certaine Articles a peace was more easily concluded at Castell Cambresis Peace betwixt France and Spaine vpon the newes of the death of Marie queene of England The conditions were 1 That king Philip being a widower should marrie Elizabeth eldest daughter to king Henrie 2 That Marguerite of Fraunce the kings Sister should bee giuen in marriage to Emanuel Philibert duke of Sauoy and that in consideration thereof all his country townes Castles and iurisdictions of Sauoy and Piedmont should bee restored except the towns of Turin Quier Pignerol Chiuas and Villanoua of Ast which should continue three yeares in the French kings hands and that in the meane time the king of Spain should retaine Ast and Verceil 3 That all the Townes and forts which had beene taken in these last warres should bee restored on either part whether they did belong to those kings or to others which had followed their parties and namely the Island of Corsica to the Genouois Montferrat to the duke of Mantoua and the towne and castle of Bouillon to the bishop of Leege 4 That they of the house of Longueuille should bee put in possession of the countie of Saint Paul and the king D. Philip of the country of Charalois the Soueraigntie referued but there was no mention made of the Siennois 5 That the two kings should doe their best endeuours to entertaine the peace of Christendome and should procure the continuance and ending of the generall councell begun at Trent This yeare one thousand fiue hundred fiftie and eight Death of Queen Leonora queene Leonora sister to the Emperour Charles the fift died in Februarie at Talaberuela three leagues from Badajos shee was first wife to Emanuell king of Portugall and then to Francis the French king she was honoured with a royall funerall pompe And in September following the emperour Charles ended all his toiles Death of the Emperour Charles the fift and past to a better life in the monasterie of Saint Iust where hee had remained two yeares his bodie was left there to bee afterwards buried in the monasterie of Saint Laurence which king Philip his sonne did since build with great charge and state in remembrance of the victorie gotten against the French and the taking of the Constable on Saint Laurence day the tenth of August Hee left an immortall fame of his valour Praises of the Emperour Charles more than any of his predecessors had done in many hundred yeares before for that in him all those vertues might be seene which are to bee desired in one that shold gouerne his people iustly and commaund armes and manage warre iuditiously He was verie religious and pitifull to the poore wherein he seemed rather prodigal than liberall In his eating drinking apparel he was very temperate modest so as he might wel be a president to any priuat mā as wel as to great princes in the practise of that vertue He had a care of justice to haue it duly administred although the continual wars wherewith he was afflicted made him to endure many defects He not only spake the language of euery nation on where hee commaunded in Europe but also those that were not vnder his gouernment for hee spake the French and Sclauon tongues readily In other things hee was not learned but eloquent shewing great grauitie in his speech It seemed that his good fortune did strue with vertue to fauour him Hee was prompt in execution and constant against any apparent daunger little esteeming death Hee was so accustomed to the toyles of warre that vntill hee grew aged it seemed no trouble vnto him Hee liued eight and fiftie yeares sixe moneths and sixe and twentie daies his funerals were celebrated with great pompe throughout all the cities of his realme yea throughout Christendome euerie one seeming both in publike in and in priuate to be partakers of this generall losse In December after king Philip his Sonne caused his funerall to bee made at Brussells with great state and pompe where all his most glorious enterprises were represented Spaine this yeare besides the losse of two such great Princes was not a little annoyed by the Turkes army which going from Prouence landed some men in the Island of Minorca beyond the port of Maone and there after some difficultie and losse Armie of Turks in Minorca they tooke Cittadella where there were not aboue fiue hundred men to defend it of whome there were aboue foure hundred slaine the Turkes disdaining that they were forced to batter it and to giue some assaults before they could take it And so valour which is wont to bee admired and respected of the enemie did now cause a contrarie effect in the hearts of these barbarous and cruell men and hauing spoyled the towne and the whole island they returned with many prisoners into Prouence 22 A little before the emperours death Death of D. Iohn the third king of Portugal D. Iohn the third of that name king of Portugall died at Lisbone to the great griefe of his subiects by reason of the infancie wherein hee left D. Sebastian the heire of the Crowne Hee was stately and beautifull Prince and of hautie enterprise hee continued the Nauigation of the Indes with great happinesse and reputation and made the name
France haue bin alwayes ready defenders of the church of Rome benefactors and deliuerers of Popes and their sole and safest refuge in all afflictions And therefore they do rightly carry the surname of Most Christian Tule of Most christian since the time of king Clouis yea of the eldest son of the eldest son of the catholike church the which can not be disputed but by inconsiderate rashnes nor supprest but by ignorance or malice That the Spaniards did not defend his Holines predecessors from the insolencies of the six gouernors lieutenants to the emperors of Constantinople in Italie nor from the violences of the Kings of Lombardy It is not by any benefit of the kings of Spaine that they are lords of the citie of Rome that they enioy so great a country and so many faire townes That they are not the forces of Spaine which haue chased the Sarazins out of Sicile and Calabria That the goodlie realms of Naples Sicile are not come vnto the church by the bounty of the kings of Spaine but the French made them these rich presents and haue maintained theÌ„ in it That it was princesse of the blood of France which gaue vnto the popes that which they hold in Prouence That Spaniards hands are more accustomed to ransome Popes cardinals and to spoile burne destroy the patrimony of S. Peter Finally the church of Rome must acknowledge all her bountie vpon earth to come from the French nation and from their kings ground vpon these new vndoubted titles the rights possessions of her lands and seigniories not colour them with a donation from Constantine nor froÌ„ the fauour of such a mediator as Ozius bishop of Cordoua might be the which haue no ground but vpon Spanish reports which are not autentike By these benefits by the continuall obedience by the ready succors so often tried the dignity and preheminence of the crowne of France should be maintained at Rome in the Councel in all places so much the more iustly necessarily for that by long acquaintance it hath bin made as it were essentiall substantiall with the Popes dignitie so as for the support thereof they haue no need but of the crown of France to resist the attempts of her bad children which are frequent dangerous Moreouer if they should presume to put the kings of Fraunce from their ranke it could not be done but very difficulty by a forgetfull very hatefull ingratitude which doth not befit the holie Sea could not in their opinions fall into the Popes thought Office of Popes wherein it consists who did then preside Concluding that for the best and most wholesome expedient for Christendome he should containe himselfe in his pastorall office which is to iudge of causes concerning the faith religion the discipline of the church to abstain specially during the general assembly to enter into knowledge of a controuersie which is meerly temporal in the which soueraigne princes doe not willingly acknowledge any other Iudge but their owne swords so leauing euery one in his possession to admonish the king of Spaine to giue peace vnto the Church and not to trouble the Councell not the publike peace Thus did the French maintaine the precedence of their king Question of precedence vnâ—ecided at Rome with their naturall freedome and vehemencie against the pretensions of the Spaniards their partisans but the Pope to whom this controuersie was sent would not take vpon him to iudge it but left it vndecided as it is at this day which made the impatient spirits of the Spaniards to pursue this question to maintaine their pretended rights of prioritie by writing wherof there are great volumes printed with priuiledge from their kings which the French doe not trouble themselues to answer The yeare following 1564 the Acts of the Councell were confirmed by the Pope at Rome 1564 in the open Consistorie of Cardinalles yet against the aduice of some fathers who held this confirmation to be needlesse and all Christian princes were commaunded to cause the Decrees thereof to be published and obserued At these last Sessions of the Councell D. Claudio Ferdinand of Quignones Earle of Luna was embassador for the king of Spaine to whom by reason of this difference there was a place appointed apart out of ranke by prouision and without preiudice This yeare D. Iohn de Benauides marshall of Nauarre died Nauarre and at the same time there died also D. Francis of Nauarre Bishop of Valentia who was brother to D. Pedro of Nauarre that last marshall of the bloud royall descended from D. Lyonell The interest to this Realme remained in Queene Ioane of Albret widow to Anthonie of Bourbon by whom she had two children Henry and Katherine In the meane time there were Viceroyes or Lieutenants for the King of Spaine to gouerne it and about that time D. Gabriell de la Cueua left the gouernement of Nauarre to the Licentiat D. Michel Ruis of Otalora Regent or President of the Iustice in that Countrie and passed into Italy to gouerne the estate of Milan but D. Alphonso of Cordoua and Velasco Earle of Alcaudete who had beene gouernor of Oran and had defended against the Turkes which held Alger and the Moores was sent thither for viceroy where at the end of 3 months he died yet hee caused an assemblie of the estates to be held at Tudele where it was concluded to make an Vniuersitie in that towne Vniuersitie at Tudele in Nauarre that the Nauarrois might haue meanes to studie and not goe out of the Country After the Earles death D. Ioseph of Gueuara came to gouerne the Realme of Nauarâ—e And in the yeare 1565 D. Lewis last earle of Lerin of the house of Beaumont and Constable of Nauarre died leauing one onely daughter and heire called D. Brianda de Beaumont who was maried to D. Diego de Toledo sonne to D. Ferdinand Aluarez de Toledo duke of Alba who in her right was Erle of Lerin and Constable of Nauarre D. Ieronima of Nauarre widow to the marshall of Benauides being married againe to D. Martin of Cordoua and Velasco brother to the Earle of Alcaudette she brought him the title of Marquesse of Corces and the estate of Marshall of Nauarre The Pope hauing delayed during the Councell to satisfie the king of Spaines demaund Clergie of Spain help the king with money touching a subuention from his Clergie toward the maintenance of his war the king sent Lewis d Auila great Commander of Alcantara to Rome to solicite the dispatch of this supplie from the Clergie towards his preparation which was graunted to be 400 thousand ducats yearely for fiue yeares onely giuing him hope that if they might see anie good effects they would continue to assist him And the king hearing in what estate they stood for matters of religion in Fraunce and Flanders fearing some alteration also in the
Pegnafiel 669 Gouernment of a woman cause of contention 719 Gonsalo the great captaine breakes his faith and promise 996. he is made duke of Terranoua Sessa 874. his is honored by king Lewis 12. 883 Gouleta taken by the Emperor 988. taken againe by the Turkes 1174 Gouernors made by D. Sebastian going into Affrike 1200 Gouernors of Portugal after Henries death 1207 Gretians Authors of lies 2 Gracchus victory against the Celtiberians 92 Gregory Bishop of Ostia Protector of Vines 265 Grecians defeated by the Cattelans 455 Greene crosse the badge of the Knights of Calatraua 676 Granado yeelded to the Kings of Castile 940 Greedines of the Flemmings gouerning K. Charles 945. Greatnes of the King of Spaines dominions 1095 Gun-powder an ancient inuention 8 Guadalquibir the Spring and course 16 Guipuscoa a member of the realme of Nauarre 201. Guifts to Elenor of England Queene of Castile in fauour of her marriage 315 Guipuscoa yeelded to the king of Castile 335 Guipuscoans enemies to the Nauarrois 500 Gifts of Henry the 4. king of Castile 753 Gouernors draw king Philip into Portugal 1210 they seeke to dissolue the Estates ibid. H HAnno's voyage along the coast of Affricke 34 Hannibal sent into Spaine ibi he is made Gouernor of Spaine 36. he marcheth towards Italy 39 Hanno defeated by Scipio ibid. he is sent againe into Spaine 61 Hambroz the Moore betrayes the Toledains 180 Hatred betwixt fiue Christian kings raigning in Spaine 326 Habit of the knights of Alcantara 355 Haro Lord of Biscay much honored by the king of Castile 429 Hatred betwixt D. Iohn Nugnes de Lara and Don Alphonso of Albuquerque 532 Hatred among Courtiers cannot be reconciled but with the ruine of the one partie 701 Hatred of the Portugueses and Castillans 1210 Hesperus of whom Italy and Spaine are named 5 Hercules defeates the Curetes 9 Heauines in Gn. Scipio's army without apparent cause 47 Hermingild a Christian slaine by his fathers commandement being an Arrian 141 Henry of Lorrain the stemme of the house of Portugall 247. he is the fitst Earle of Portugall 258. D. Henry takes vpon him the title of king of Castile 566. he is defeated in battell 570. he is releeued againe by the French 572. hee is setled king of Castile 578. he is poysoned 596 D. Henry the 3. proclaymed king of Castile 628 Hermite an Impostor 644 D. Henry subdues his rebels ibid. D. Henry Master of the Order of Christ first discouered at sea 681 D. Henry Infant of Arragon depriued of his lands in Castile 684 D. Henry de Guzman drowned neere to Gibraltar 711. Henry Prince of Castile wonne by the Constables faction 726 Henry the fourth king of Castile giues his enemies meanes to make war against him 783. beeing destitute of all humane helpe hee hath recourse vnto God 784. he is degraded in effigie and his brother declared King of Castile 781. his patience ibid. hee oppresseth his trustie seruants and dares not deale with his rebels 796. hee is forsaken by his subiects 800 his indiscretion 803. his false oath 825. hee takes no cares for the succession of the Realme 841 Hermandades of Castile 828 Hernando Alraco beheaded 881 S. Herme at Malta taken by the Turke 1116 D. Henry king of Portugall 1204. his proceeding touching the succession 1205. his death and disposition 1207 Hypocrisie of the Infant D Sancho 417 Hypocrifie of the Inquisitors in Spaine 1123 Horses in Spaine 27 Hope and Despaire breed like effects at the seege of Sagunt 37 Honor and liberty animate valiant men 66 Hospitality of king Almenon a Moore 241 House of Biscay 313 Houses of Religion built by Alphonso king of Portugall being excommunicate 391 Hospitaliers enriched with the spoyls of the Templers 453 Houses of strength retreats for theeues ruines in Guipuscoa 740 House of Braganza in Portugall 776 House of Mendoza gouernes the Realme of Castile 797 Hospitall of S. Iames built for Pilgrimes 917 Hope of gaine makes vice remaine vnpunished 915. Hunger in the Emperors army at Alger 1005 Humanity of Metellus to poore innocents 100 Huns chase the Gothes out of their conquests 129 Humanity of the Gothes to the vanquisht Sueues 135. Humanity of King Hazen to a Christian his prisoner 214 Huesca taken and the Moores defeated 264 Humanity and modesty of a Moorish king 417 Hugh Iudge of Arborea murthered by his subiects 618. Humanity of Christians to banished Iewes 947 Husbandrie of Cardinall Ximenes 937 I IAen deliuered to the king of Castile 376 Iacobins first Inquisitors in Spaine 1120 Iberians gaue the name to Spaine 3 Idlenes makes souldiers insolent and mutinous 68. Idlenes and ease enemies to vertue 88 S. Iames taken by the Moores 21â— S. Iames of Compostella made an Arch-bishoprick 278. D. Iames king of Maiorca dispossest by his Nephew 428 D. Iames king of Maiorca slaine 525 Iew Collector of the kings reuenues slaine in Guipuscoa 774 Iewels and plate taken from Churches by the king of Castile 852 Iewes and conuerted Moores oppressed vpon slanderous reports 992 Iewes constrained to be baptized 958 Ignorance makes people subiect 30 Ignalada surprized by the Prince of Arragon 788 D. Iohn Nugnes de Lara defeated and taken prisoner 444 D. Iohn of Castile brings the Moores into Spaine against the king his brother 438 D. Iohn Alphonso of Albuquerque poisoned 537 D. Iohn of Abendagno murthered by the Lord of Biscay 539 D. Iohn de la Cerde slaine by the king of Castiles commandement 546 D. Iohn of Arragon in the king of Castiles presence 547 D. Iohn Master of Auiz aspires to the gouernment of Portugal 603. he is chosen king of Portugal 607. he cals the English into Spaine 613 D. Iohn de Pachâ—co gouerns Prince Henry of Castile 717 Iohn king of Arragon pawneth Roussillon to Lewis the French king 769. he is proclaimed an enemy to the country ibid. his clemency 1830. his second marriage ominous to the realme of Nauar 862. he giues the precedence to his son the king of Castile 864. his death 873 Iohn king of Nauar goes into Castile 962. hee is forced to retire into France 903 Saint Iohn de Luz burnt by the Spaniards 1006 D. Iohn de Luna flies into France 1076 Iohn de la Valette great Master of Malta 1116 Islands about Spaine 3 Illiturgis beseeged by the Carthaginians 44. taken by Scipio 66 Illora yeelded to king Fernand. 917 Impiety of Valens 126 Impatiency of Thiâ—aud Earle of Champagne to reigne 366 Impiety of Manfroy Frederies bastard 389 Imprisonment and murther of D. Iohn Nugues de Prada 536 Imprisonment of the Master of Auiz 599 Imprisonment of D Pedro Maâ—rique 712 Imprisonment of Charles Prince of Viana 763 Impunity the nurse of all disorders 836 Impositions cause of troubles 1001 Imperial army landed at Alger 1003 Islands of Philippina discouered 1113 Imputations laied vpon the Duke of Alba. 1216 Indiscretion and rashnesse of Bostares 41 Infidelity of the Celtiberians 46 Integrity of Paulus Aemilius 86 Incounter of L. Bibius vnfortunat ibid.
Inuention of Saint Iames Sepulcher 179 Indiscretion of D. Guttiere Fernandes 308 Interest of the French king to the crowne of Castile 352 Inhabitants of Pampelona refuse to doe homage to the king of Castile 387 Iniustice of D. Pedro king of Arragon to his brother 419 Insolencies of the French in Sicile ibid. Inuasion of Castile by the king of Granado 442 Integrity of D. Iohn Ramires of Areillan 573 Integrity of Leonora Queene of Castile 601 Intercession for D. Henry Infant of Arragon 684 Infants of Arragon loose all their land in Castile 704 Insolencies of the Constable of Castile made knowne vnto the king 716 Insolency of the commons punished 725 Ingratitude of Pope Calixtus 755 Insolency of the confederats in Castile against the Popes Legat. 800 Insolency of the Master of Saint Iames. 829 Inquisition in Spaine against Iewes and Moores and the fruits thereof 870 Integrity of king Fernand and Queene Isabel. 899 Inquisition in Arragon 927 Iniury don to the kings Receiuers 931 Indians gentle and tractable 946 Inuectiue made by the Constable Velasco against Cardinal Ximenes 926 Intreaty of the Infant D. Fernand to Cardinal Ximenes 954 Insolency against the kings Officers 961 Inigo of Loycla and his family 962 Inquisition of Spaine attempted at Mylan 1111 Inquisition reiected by the Arragonois 1120 Inquisitors what they be ibid. Imprisonment of the Prince of Spaine 1130 Inquisitors sharpe persecutors of Prince Charles 1134. they are chiefe of the councel of Spaine 1135 Insolency of the Spanish soldiers in Granado 1141 Insolency of the Spaniards makes the Moores reuolt 1149 Ioseph king of Granado poisoned 655 Ioane Queene of Nauar punished by the hand of God 764 Ioane Queene of Castile deliuered of a daughter vnlawfully begotten 767 Ioane Infanta of Castile newly borne declared heire of the realme 768 Ioane borne in Adultery the subiect of all the troubles in Castile 778. she is made sure to the king of Portugal 850 Ioane wife to the Archduke Philip heire to Castile and Arragon 963. toucht in her sences 882 D. Iohn of Austria opposite to Prince Charles 1134 he comes to Granado against the Moores 1146. his speech to the army at Lepanto 1168 Irone a chast Virgin 148 Saint Iren taken from the Moores 297 Ismael king of Granado slaine by his subiects 471 Isabel Queene of Castile fauors the Lords against the Constable 743 Isabella sister to king Henry reiects the title of Queene of Castile 805. shee procures a peace in Castile ibid. she is declared heire of the realme 806. she marries with Fernand of Arragon 817. her magnanimity 852. shee is sworne heire to the crowne of Castile 860. she is carefull to doe Iustice 867. she poursueth the rebels in Estremadura 875 Iulian an Earle brings the Moores into Spaine 153 Iudges chosen in Castile 196 Iustice and treasor the chiefe members of an Estate 846 Iustice established in Galicia 884 Iudgement of the Inquisitors against the Prince of Spaine 1131 D. Iohn affects to bee king of Tunes 1174. hee is made gouernor of the Netherlands 1180. he aspires to the crown of Eng. ibid. his death 1181 K KIngs of Spaine at the first what they were 7 Kingdomes erected in Spaine by the Arabians and Christians 24 1. Kings in the battaile whereas Attila was defeated 134 1. King forced by his children to leaue his crowne 191 1. King dispossest becomes his sons Lieutenant ibi 2 Knights of the Lilly in Nauar. 235 1. Kings of Spaine doe not acknowledge the Emperor 240 2. Knights Christians in pay with the Moores 247 1. Kings of Castile and Arragon spoile the heire of Nauar of his kingdome 249 2. Knights of Calatraua first instituted 304 1. Kings of Leon and Castile in quarrel 321 1. Kings of Nauar and Leon inuade Castile 330 1. King of Castile inuades Nauar. 335 1. King of Castile being young deliuered into the hands of them of Lara 350 1. King of Leon enters Castile with an army against his owne sonne 354 1. King of Seuile a Moore tributary to the king of Castile 363 1. King of Arragon asketh pardon of the Pope 370 1. King of Nauar confesseth himselfe vassal to him of Castile 387 1. Kings of Moores dispossest and chased out of Spaine 388 1. Kingdome of Tremissen 408 1. King of Maroc passeth into Spaine 409 King of Maiorca dispossest by his brother 422 King of Arragon set the Infants of Cerde at liberty 434 King of Granado deposed 455 King of Arragon makes warre against the Moores of Affrike 482 King of Castile inuades Portugal with an army 505 Knights in Castile executed 553 King of Nauarre sends for his wife 643 King of Castile beseeged by his own subiects 683 King of Nauarres lands in Castile for feited and giuen away 696 King of Arragon defeated and taken prisoner at sea by the Geneuois 709 Kings of Castile and Nauarre visit the Constable 724 King of Castile puts the Constable to death more through base feare then for the loue of Iustice. 745 King of Nauarre and the Lords pacified and reconciled to the new king of Castile 750 King of Castile contemned of his subiects 753 King of Castile makes warre against Nauarre 766 King of Castile reproched with the adulterat birth of his supposed daughter 781 King of Portugal abandons Zamorra 854 his base courage 864. he despaires 865 King of Manicongo becomes a Christian. 950 Kings of France and Arragon diuide the realme of Naples and dispossesse Frederic 966 King of Nauar and his wife in factions 885 King of Tremessen defeated by the Spaniards 1009 King of Tunes taken by his sonne 1010 King of Tunes expelled by Vluccialy 1160 King of Fez defeated by the Xeriffes 1185 King of Fez and Marocat warre 1187 King of Fez defeated and taken 1188. he is set at liberty ibid. Kings of Maroc electiue 1195 L LAnguage of the Spaniards at this day 30 Lauron taken by Sertorius in the view of Pompey 110 Lawes of king Sisebuth 146 Law made by the Gothes not to marry the kings widow 151 Law of defying a towne 246 Laurence Suarez betraies king Aben Hut who had entertained him in his exile 371 Lands called Beetries in Biscay c. 533 Lands of the crowne giuen in recompence of seruice 622 Lands confiscated being giuen away hinder the peace 715 Lamentation of Isabella of Castile 942 Landgraue of Hessen feared by the Emperour 1116 Lebrissa and the beginning 8 Leon taken by the Christians 171 League of Christian Princes and Moores in Spain against the French 181 Leon the Christians chiefe city taken by the Arabians 213 League betwixt the king of Castile and Prince of Arragon against Nauar. 289 Leira taken by the Moores 292 League against Nauar. 320 League against Castile made by Arragon Leon and Portugal 327 League betwixt the king of Arragon and the widow Queene of Nauarre 385 Lewis the French king quits his right to Castile 395 League and marriage betwixt Nauar and Arragon 491 Leonora de Guzman mistresse to the king
he tooke from the enemie but most of all by his onely authoritie and the reuerence of his name so long as he continued the warres in Italie which was 16 yeares 6 Whilest that the Consul P. Scipio attended him at the entrie of Italie Cn. Scipio sent into Spaine at the foot of the mountaines Cn. Scipio his brother sent by him into Spaine parted from the mouth of Rosne with a good number of gallies and other vessels well manned with souldiours and coasting along the Gaulish shore he came to Empurias without any encounter where hauing landed he gouerned himselfe so discreetly in all his enterprises and with so great humanitie towards the Spaniards as in a short time hee reduced to the deuotion of the Romanes those which had beene drawne away either by force or feare He wins the Spaniards by mildnesse assured himselfe of the old allies and got new not onely among the people which lay neere vnto the sea but also of those which dwelt farre into the countrey and euen of the mountainers although they were very rude and barbarous wherewith he encreased his armie and had willingly from them without any constraint victuals and all other necessaries Hanno appointed Gouernor of the countrey on this side Ebro for the Carthaginians went to field to make head against the Romans whilest that Asdrubal Gouernour generall of the Prouince made hast to joyne with him with a great armie Hanno defeated by Scipio But Scipio went speedily to charge Hanno and did easily defeat him where he slew 6000 of his souldiors tooke 2000 forced his campe and not onely spoyled the baggage of his armie but also that which Hannibal had appointed for Italie wherewith Scipios souldiors were made rich In the meane time Asdrubal arriues hauing had no certaine intelligence of the defeat of Hanno whereof being aduertised he marched towards the sea where he found many Romane souldiours and mariners stragling after some spoyle of whom he slew many giuing them a worthie reward of their negligence the which happened neere vnto Tarracone yet hee made no long abode there but presently repassed the riuer of Ebro Scipio hauing rested his armie foure dayes resolued to pursue him but he would first assure himselfe of Tarracone the which was not very well furnished The Spaniard inconstant Asdrubal seeing him retire aduanced againe and did sollicite the Ilergetes to rebell who notwithstanding had giuen hostages to the Romanes making them to spoyle some of their allies countrey whereupon Scipio went to field and Asdrubal retyred Scipio meaning to punish these Ilergetes besieged Athanasia their chiefe towne and forced them to redeeme themselues with mony and to giue new hostages then he went to the Ausetanians allied to the Carthaginians neere vnto the riuer of Ebro whom he besieged and defeated the Lacetanes who came to succour them whereof there remained 12000 vpon the place and the rest were dispersed returning disarmed to their houses This siege continued 30 daies in the heart of winter the snow being almost foure foot deepe wherewith their engines of batterie were in a manner couered the which did preserue them from the fire which was cast by the enemie In the end Amusite their captaine hauing abandoned them and being retyred to Asdrubal the towne yeelded to Scipio redeeming it selfe from spoyle for 20 talents amounting to 12000 French crownes from whence Scipio led his armie backe to Tarracone The second yeare of the second Punicke warre Asdrubal Generall of the Carthaginians resolued to charge the enemie wheresoeuer he should encounter him either by sea or land hauing armed out thirtie gallies which Hannibal had left him and tenne others which he had of all which he gaue the charge to Himilcon commaunding him to sayle along the coast in view of his land armie with the which he parted from Carthagene keeping still neere the shoare whereof Scipio being aduertised he resolued also to fight with Asdrubal if any opportunitie were offered Yet hauing intelligence that he had beene reenforced with some fresh troupes he resolued not to hazard a battaile by land but to set vpon them at sea Hauing to that end embarked the flower of his armie hee parted from Tarracone with fiue and thirtie ships of warre and came within foure or fiue leagues of the mouth of the riuer of Ebro there he was aduertised by two galliots of Marseilles that the enemies gallies were at anchor in the mouth of the riuer and their land armie camped neere vnto them wherefore Scipio desiring to surprize them commaunded his gallies to set forward making great speed towards them Spaine had then many watch-towers vpon the coast set vpon high hils for the safetie of passengers against pyrats The Roman army was discouered by them and an alarme giuen to the Carthaginians being sooner discouered by the army at land than by the gallies Asdrubal dispatching many horsemen gaue charge That euery one should retire presently to his gally and prepare to fight for the enemie had bin discouered Most of the souldiors and marriners were at land dispersed here and there in the tents and villages making good cheere with their companions fearing nothing lesse than the comming of the Romans that day who were hidden by the high clyffes which run into the sea for that they could neither heare the beating of their oares nor any noise of their fleet And as all was full of disorder and tumult among the Carthaginians Asdrubal put his armie in battaile neere vnto his fleet whilest the rest embarked who ran without order or discipline as if they had bin chased from the land and would haue saued themselues in the sea The confusion was so great that hindering one another the souldiors could not vse their armes nor the marriners launch out nor doe their duties so as they were forced to cut their cables and doing all things in hast they were defeated more by their owne disorder than by the Romanes who aduancing tooke two gallies at their first joyning and sunke foure The Carthaginians defeated at sea by Cn. Scipio the rest of the Carthaginian fleet being dispersed and not able to hold together they ran aground willingly so as the men saued themselues and fled to their army which stood in battaile who being spectators of this combat saw their gallies pursued and taken carying all away that were not run on ground or broken vpon the coast so as the Romans drew 25 out with them to sea This victorie did not only disarme the Carthaginians of their sea forces but also made them forsake all that coast Wherfore the Romans being landed at Onusta or Honosca became masters thereof without any resistance spoyling the countrey vnto the gates of new Carthage whereas they burnt the suburbes Returning from thence laden with spoyle to Longuntica which at this present is Guardamar they found-great store of a kind of broome wherwith they did vse to make cables for ships the which Asdrubal had caused to be
to be rebaptized after the Arrian manner which was In the name of the Father to the Sonne by the holy Ghost and not In the name of the Father the Sonne and the holy Ghost meaning thereby to make three essences of that which is but one distinct in three qualities Herein he was assisted by Vincent bishop of Sarragosse an Apostat against whom Seuerus a Christian bishop of Malaca did write As Leouigilde busied himselfe about these matters Conspiracle of the mother in law and the son against the father some good and profitable others prophane and wicked his peace was troubled by the rebellion of his owne sonne who either through desire to raigne alone or otherwise and by the persuasion of Gosuinthe his mother in law he seized vpon Seuille and many other places and leuied men to fortifie himselfe against his father who hauing put a great armie to field marched to Seuille to suppresse the rashnesse of his ill aduised sonne besieged the towne on all sides and began to batter it with all sorts of engines Miro king of Gallicia came to this siege with good troups as a friend and allie to aid him The auntient towne of Italica was not farre from Seuille for we read that Leouigilde made his store-house for the warre there during the siege hauing caused the walls which were ruined to be repaired the which did much annoy them of Seuille from the which he turned the riuer of Betis and prest the besieged by continuall batteries assaults cutting off their victuals and all other acts of hostilitie so as in the end he tooke it and soone after the towne of Cordoua also in the which his sonne had fortified himselfe with all the other places which he had vsurped Being thus spoiled of all and depriued of his dignitie Hermengilde was confined to Valence This ciuile warre did afflict Spaine more than all the former as the Spaniards write 25 During the siege of Seuille The end of the kingdome of the Sueues in Gallicia Miro king of Gallicia died to whom Eburic his sonne succeeded but Andeca seized vpon the realme of the Sueues maried Siseguta left by king Miro tooke Eburic and shut him vp in a cloister of Monkes To reuenge this injurie and also to make his profit thereof Leouigilde entred into Gallicia with an armie tooke Andeca caused him to be polled and sent him to Badaios to liue for euer in a cloister He reduced Gallicia to a prouince and joyned it to the Gothes kingdome the which had continued an hundred seuentie and seuen yeares Hermengilde being found at Tarracone was there slaine by Sisbert yet the Spaniards varie in this point Hermengilde a Christian slaine by his fathers commandement being an Arrian some saying That he was shut vp in a tower at Seuille where he lost his head holding him for a Saint and that he was slaine on Easter day by the commaundement of his father who was an Arrian for that he had imbraced the Christian religion for the which he had rebelled and had caused great troubles in Spaine the which Saint Gregorie and Beda doth witnesse and it is likely that this prince was drawne vnto the true doctrine by Leandre bishop of Seuille and by his wife Iugunde a French woman whom they say he put in the beginning of the ciuile warres into the hands of those that gouerned the lands of the empire in Spaine vnder Maurice the emperour being newly brought in bed of a sonne fearing the threats and furie of his father and that after her husbands death the Romanes caused her to passe into Africke with her little infant where she died but the child was carried to Constantinople Childebert king of France War betwixt the the French and the Gothes for the death of Hermengilde to reuenge the wrong done vnto his brother in law tooke armes against the Gothes and hoping to recouer his sister and his nephew hee made a league with the emperour Maurice Against the French which did forrage Languedoc was sent Ricaire the other sonne of Leouigilde who repulst them with great losse of their men entring into their territories where he tooke a great spoile They speake of many myracles during the raigne of this king which God did in fauour and confirmation of the Christian religion Myracles against the Arrians and their sect the which hee had decreed should haue an end with this king Leouigilde The ciuile warre being as we haue said hot in Spaine the armie of Leouigilde pursuing his sonne and passing by the territories of Valencia and Murcia the Monkes of the Abbey of Saint Martin in those marches being terrified abandoned their Abbot and fled all into an island of the sea neere adjoyning The souldiours being entred into the Abbey and finding the Abbot all alone being a verie deuout and religious man and crooked with age they did him many outrages one of them hauing drawne out his sword to cut off his head he fell downe starke dead the which did so terrifie the rest as they presently fled This being reported vnto king Leouigilde he commanded that all the goods which had beene taken in that monasterie should be restored An Arrian bishop meaning to deceiue the king who reproached him that the Arrians did no myracles suborned one of his sect who could counterfeit himselfe blind causing him to stand in the way whereas he knew the king should passe there this gallant began to crie out and to entreat this bishop which did accompanie the king that he would make him recouer his sightby his prayers The bishop approached and laying his hands arrogantly vpon his eyes the king being present and attending to see this myracle it happened that hee which did counterfeit himselfe blind Acounterfeit begger diuinely punished lost his sight in good earnest and withall was so full of paine in that part as detesting the bishop and his cousinage hee confest openly before the king and his traine That the bishop had induced him to act this tragedie and had corrupted him with money Many other signes are written to haue beene seene in those times the which we will not call into question for that the end and vse of myracles is to witnesse and to giue credit to the word of God and his true doctrine which was then disgraced by the Arrian princes Spaine was furnished with many learned and holy men whilest that the Arrians did raigne in Africke and did persecute the Christians They make mention of one Donat an Abbot who passed out of Africke into Spaine with about 70 Monkes and a goodly librarie where he was the founder of the monasterie Seruitane and that they were entertained by a rich ladie called Minicea who then built the first monasterie at Setabis which is Xatiua This Donat did first set downe certaine rules and orders for a monasticall life among them for vntill that time they were not tyed by any vowes neither had they liued in cloisters but were dispersed in
those realmes 2 Philip the 3. King of France and his sonne Philip the faire King of Nauar being entred into Cattelogne had taken Perpignan ruined seuen and twenty townes and castles Arragon Perpignan taken by the French laied siege to Girone The victuals for the campe were brought from Narbone to the neerest hauens and ports of Empurias Roses and others and from thence was carried a little space by land with a gard of horsemen Which the King desiring to preuent and withall to take the treasor which he knew was brought to pay the souldiers The siege of Girone he came and laied an ambush of fiue hundred horse and about two thousand foot betwixt the sea and the French campe whereof the King of France being aduertised by his spies sent before by the aduice of the Constable of France three hundred choise men at armes vnder his charge who being come to the ambush and discouered to be few in number were presently inuironed and charged with great cries by the Arragonois who thought to defeat them but the French who were come thether to fight did incounter them in such sort as although they were much inferior in number yet they seemed more then equal in valour and courrage The Arragonols animated by their King who was present and fighting behaued themselues valiantly so as the one yeelding nothing vnto the other the fight continued long without aduantage vntill that the King D. Pedro being grieuously hurt in the face with a Lance retired himselfe out of the fight wherevpon his men beganne to faint Many of his horsemen escaped with him but as for the footmen they were all cut in peeces there were some horsemen slaine vpon the field on either side but most Arragonois The King D. Pedro hauing caused himselfe to be carried to Villa-franca died soone after of his wound He had raigned nine yeeres three monthes and foure daies A generous Prince but ambitious beyond all measure being growne an irreconciliable enemy to the French since the successe of the Island of Sicile the which he left to D. Iaime or Iames his yonger sonne D. Alphonso the third of that name and the tenth King of Arragon 3 DOn Alphonso his eldest succeeded to the realme of Arragon this yeere 1285. Don Pedro being aduertised by his Physitions the chiefe whereof was Arnaud of Villeneufue whose workes we haue but much curtalled by the Inquisitors that he drew neere his end he did sollicite his sonne D. Alphonso to hasten the conquest of Majorca which he had vndertaken D. Iames King oâ— Maiorca dispossest by his Nephew and did much desire wherefore D. Alphonso presently after his fathers death led the army to Majorca and tooke the Island ioyning that of Majorca to the other titles of the Kings of Arragon In this action the chiefe Commanders were D. Blasco of Alagon Sancho of Antillas Pedro Garces Nuez Pedro Seses Blasco Ximenes of Aierbio Symon Perez Andosilla of Arragon and of Cattelogne D. Pedro de Moncade Raymond of Vrgi and Maimon Plaigaman Euen vpon the death of the King D. Pedro there arriued in Cattelogne Charles Prince of Salerne called the halting a prisoner being conducted by Raymond Alleman Symon of Estorio and William Ponce Cattelans who had bound themselues to the Infant D. Iames who was appointed King of Sicile to carry him into Cattelogne or to loose their liues swearing that if any came to rescue him and that they found themselues too weake they would kill him and cast him into the sea You must vnderstand that one of the chiefe conspirators in Sicile against the French called Alain Leontain a councellor of Estate and chiefe Iustice of the realme which is one of the greatest dignities staied not long before he receiued from the Arragonois a worthy reward for his notable treachery Alain Leontin Author of the Sicilian Euensong a double traitor and his end and immoderat appetit of reuenge for being discouered that he sought to reconcile himselfe vnto the French for some discontentment he was sent prisoner to the castle of Siurane from whence he neuer parted being knowne to be a double traitor and God brought him to this end to shew that he detests those that for their priuat passions seeke the ruine of Estates The Constable of France returning to the campe before Girone he was receiued with all possible signes of ioy whereas soone after they had newes of the death of D. Pedro King of Arragon Girone taken by the French whereof hauing aduertised the besieged that they should not continue obstinate Raymond of Cardona who commanded within the towne demanded leaue to send one thether to vnderstand the truth who brought him word that hee had seene the King his maister dead wherevpon he yeelded vp the towne to the French King the souldiars and Inhabitants departing and carrying away what they could except gold and siluer which they were to leaue for the which they were sercht At this siege the plague fell into the campe and the King himselfe grew sick so as this warre ceased and they began to thinke of their returne into France The King had entertained certaine gallies of Pisa and Genoa which hee now sent backe hauing no more vse for them Sayling towards Italy they were met by Roger of Loria Admiral of Sicile who came to Cattelogne with fiue and fortie gallies to succour the King of Arragon his Maister of whose death he was then aduertised This man who was pollitike and loath to loose any oportunity hauing vnderstood from these captaines the Estate of the affaires in Cattelogne and especially of the enemies army he entertained all their fleete and lead them backe towards Ampurias where they found the remainder of the French fleete in the hauen whom they did sodainely set vpon and burne all the souldiers and marriners hauing escaped and ioyned with the rest of the Land-army King Philip who caused himselfe to bee carried in a litter was much grieued at this losse and his sicknesse did so increase Death of Philip the third King of France as he gaue vp the ghost in the towne of Perpignan whether the annie came with great difficulty the Arragonois hauing stopt the passages of the mountaines so as they were forced to make their way by the sword Philip the first of that name the fiue and twentith King of Nauarre 4 PHilip his sonne called the faire Nauarre who succeeded him was both King of France and Nauarre hauing a little before married D. lean the heire of Nauarre Of which marriage were borne three sonnes Lewis Hutin Philip the long and Charles the faire all which three were Kings of France and Nauarre one after an other hauing no children They had also two daughters Ioane who died young who is not in the French Genealogies and Isabel Queene of England mother to Edward the third who contended for the succession of the Realme of France against Philip of Valois At the time 1286. An. 1286.
Arthois had beene sent who with the aduise of a Cardinal the Popes Legat and Mary Princesse of Salerne wife vnto Charles who was prisoner gouerned the realme of Naples They were then vpon termes of a good accord when as these Gouernors hauing sent a great army into Sicile vnder the command of Renaud del Balso Earle of Auellin tooke the towne of Cattanea whereof king D. Alphonso being aduertised he sent backe Roger de Loria Admiral of Sicile to succor and defend his brothers country The Earle of Auellin hauing made this prize hee sent the galleys which had transported his army backe to Naples to bring the rest of his troupes which were yet on land and at the same instant Guy of Montfort Earle of Languillare with the Earles of Boullen and Flanders hauing leauied men in Tuscany were ready to imbarke vpon the bankes of Sienna when as Roger de Loria the Admiral arriued in the Italian seas who hauing descouered the fleet which went to transport the souldiars at Naples hee pursued them and tooke them easily hauing none to make any defence and soone after hee espied about sixty gallies sayling towards Sicile which was the army of those French Noblemen aboue named which had imbarqued in Tuscany whose Admiral was called Arrighin a Geneuois Roger charged them courragiously and put them to rout without any great difficulty for the souldiars in the French fleete could fight better at land then at sea the Commanders were taken all which paied their ransoms except the Earle of Montfort who was detained prisoner and there died These two victories were the recouery of Cattanea the which was yeelded to the Arragonois by the Earle of Auellin who with his compagnions returned with their bag and baggage to Naples By this meanes the treaty of peace which Edward made was broken but he desisted not vntil he had drawne them to those conditions That Charles should be set at liberty paying twenty thousand or as some say thirty thousand markes of siluer for his ransome That he should procure the Pope to inuest King Iames in the realme of Naples Conditions of peace betwixt the King of Arragon and Naples prisoner that he should take away the Interdict and absolue the two brethren of Arragon and that he should be a meanes to make Charles Earle of Valois quit the interest he pretended in Catalogne by vertue of a donation made vnto him by Pope Martin for the execution whereof hee should haue three yeeres time and in case he could not performe them hee should returne againe to prison for assurance whereof hee should giue his three sonnes Lewis Robert and Iohn in hostage with forty gentlemen of the county of Prouence The which Charles hauing promised and the hostages deliuered he was released foure yeeres after his taking He came into France and labored in vaine with Charles of Valois Charles of Valois wil not yeeld vp his right to Cattelogne who would neuer relinguish the title hee had to Cattelogne Pope Nicholas also would not yeeld vnto that which Charles had promised touching the realme of Sicile the which hee sayd was a fee belonging to the church wherefore he past speedily into Italy with good troupes of men led by Emery of Narbone Being in Tuscany he spent some time to fauour the Guelphes party against the Gibilins the which were two frantike factions afflicting Italy since the dissention betwixt the Popes and Emperor Frederic continued among the Italians without subiect or sence with horrible examples of Impiety and inhumanity The French which delt in these quarrels held the Guelphes faction Charles beeing come to Rome Pope Nicholas the fourth crowned him in the yeere of our Lord 1289. King of both Siciles from the which he could not be disswaded An. 1289. wherewith they Arragonois held themselues much wronged and fell to armes more violently then before Suritez affirmes that this yeere King Charles the Limping came and presented himselfe armed betwixt the valley of Ionquera and the hill of Panizaçe making a shew as if he came to yeeld himselfe to the King of Arragon according to the treaty and that hee returned sodainely to Perpignan The Calabrois neighbours to Sicile were daily sollicited to reuolt the which the Inhabitants of the Cathenzan did who gaue themselues to King Iames wherevpon king Charles beeing accompanied by the Earle of Artois led an army thether to succor which place king Iames beeing come with his Admiral and hauing landed his men hee was incountred and defeated by the French and forced to saue himselfe in his galleies yet without any great losse wherefore the Arragonois desiring to diuert this siege they sailed towards Gayete where hauing seized vpon a hill neere vnto it they gaue many assaults but without any effect King Charles and the Earle of Arthois leauing sufficient troupes to entertaine the siege of Cathenzan marched towards Gayete being resolued to giue battaile to the Arragonois but they kept themselues from fighting beeing lodged in a place of aduantage and neere vnto their galleys There was a mediation for a true betwixt the two kings and the realmes of Sicile Truce for fiue yeeres betwixt the French and Arragonoiz and Naples the which king Charles yeelded vnto for fiue yeeres against the aduice of the Earle of Arthois who held the victory in his hand assuring himselfe to force the enemy to fight wherevpon hee grew much discontented and leauing Italy returned into France with his troupes vpon this truce Cathenzan was yeelded This first conquest which the kings of Arragon made out of Spaine was the cause of great broyles warre and ruines in Christendome for which they chiefely smarted whereof the Popes were the subiect as they stood well or ill affected to those Princes of whose miseries and of their ruines they were secure spectators beeing defended from all daunger through the opinion of their holinesse and authority At the death of Pope Martin his successour Honorius the fourth had setled and confirmed D. Iames of Arragon and absolued the King D. Pedro but Pope Nicholas the fourth malitiously and without any feare of the shedding of Christians bloud did kindle a new warre betwixt the French and Arragonois whereas hee would not crowne Charles King of Naples alone but of Naples and Sicile together D. Iames of Arragon holding Sicile at that time at his coronation he tooke the armes which the realme hath since carried which are in Eagle sable in a field argent the which Manfroy was wont to beare and the bends geules in a field Or of Barcelona 8 The King of Castille being sollicited Castille and much troubled to resolue vpon the deliuery of his Nephewes of Cerde detained in Arragon and to recompence them in such sort as his soueraignty might remaine entire and peceable to him and his successours hee sent to that end Ambassadors to Philip the faire King of France beeing at Lions but what they could not then effect by treaties and negotiations
husband hee was so indiscreet as to tell the Queene thereof aduertising the Queene of the Earles smal respect vnto her and of his impudency whereof she who wished him well did not seeme to care wherefore D. Gonçal doubted that this was the cause of his imprisonment and that the Queene would dispatch him before the King should be aduertised thereof Being thus imprisoned the Queene did counterfet letters from the King vnto Vasco Martines of Merlo captaine of the castle of Ebora by the which he was commanded to murther these two personages but being a discreet man and considering the quality of the prisoners thinking that he must not proceed so lightly to the execution thereof hee forbaâ—e vntill he had spoken with the King to whom he went the day after this charge to know if it were his pleasure that the maister of Auiz and Gonçal Vasques should bee put to death The King answered that he knew not of it commanding him not to touch them and so he sent him backe enioyning him to kepe it secret and soone after he went from Ebora whereas the Queene remained who seeing that her deseignes did not succeed she tooke a milder course and sought to bee reconciled to these two personages who were freed from their irons and within few daies after set at liberty Some time after the Queene being at masse she caused them to come vnto her shewing them the best countenance they could desire and inuited them to dinner the which they did vnwillingly accept fearing she would cause them to be poisoned Impudency of the Queene D. Leonora yet they did eate in the Queenes lodging in the company of the Earle of Oren to whom after dinner discoursing of her rings and iewels she gaue in their presence a Ring set with a rich ruby pressing him to take it although he excused himselfe to the end she might not forget any thing to be held very impudent Amidest these tumults D. Isabella the Kings bastard daughter who had beene made sure by the last treaty of peace to D. Alphonso of Castile Earle of Gijon base sonne to King Henry was married at Burgos whereat the Earle was much greeued an vnfortunat marriage of which there was one sonne borne who was called D. Henry But the marriage which was made betwixt D. Beatrix sister to the King D. Fernand and D. Sancho Earle of Albuquerque was blessed of God so as a daughter which they had called D. Leonora the sole heire of her fathers great Estates was married to D. Fernand Infant of Castile Lord of Lara and Duke of Pennafiel sonne to the King D. Iohn the first then raigning which D. Fernand came afterwards to be King of Arragon and Sicile Shee was Queene of these realmes and mother of fiue children renowned by the Histories of Castile and Arragon of whom we shall heereafter make mention This King Fernand of Portugal being in good peace with his neighbours considering what had happened in the city of Lisbone Buâ—ldings made by D. Fernand King of Portugal in the last warre of Castile for want of good walles he caused it to be fortified and walled about from Saint Catherins gate vnto Saint Vincents And as hee was carefull of this publike worke so hee did gratefie the Franciscan Friars of Saint Iren causing the quier of their church to be built with other workes of deuotion This is all we finde in Histories of the affaires of Portugall vnto the yeere of our Lord 1380. An. 1380. that the aboue mentioned marriage betwixt Don Henry sonne to King Iohn the first of Castile and Donna Beatrix the daughter of Portugal was concluded with the aboue named conditions for the succession of the two Realmes by the suruiuance of the two Kings About the end of this yeere Castile Donna Leonora Queene of Castile was brought in bed at Medina del Campo of her sonne D. Fernand aboue named who came to be King of Arragon as we will shew At that time Spaine was a Neuter in regard of the obedience which the two Popes pretended The King of Castile acknowledgeth the Pope at Auignon and did affect in the Christian common weale continuing some time in this Neutrality by reason of the disagreement of the Prelats who were assembled for that cause onely at the instance of the Ambassadors of the two Popes Clement and Vibain but soone after it was declared by a sentence giuen by the King of Castile and his councell that his countries should acknowledge Clement the seuenth for Pope and Christs Vicar he being resident at Auignon the King D. Iohn inclyning therein as in other things to the French The deuotion of men in Spaine and other places in those daies was contrarie to that of more ancient times for whereas before they thought they could not giue sufficient to the Clergy to augment their houses and reuenues now euery one sought to spoile them and to vsurpe their lands and reuenues whereof the Abbots and Conuents of the Order of Saint Benet in Spaine hauing complained they had a notable sentence by Iudges deputed by the King for that businesse against many Noblemen and Knights which detained their goods yet they still incroched vpon them all they could In the yeere of our Lord 1381. died D. Ieanne Queene of Castile An. 1381. mother to the King D. Iohn who through great deuotion had in a manner all her life time carried the habit of Saint Claire and died in it and appointed she should be buried in it A great argument of the religion of that time She lies at Toledo in the Chappell of the last Kings The peace betwixt the Kings D. Iohn of Castile and D. Fernand of Portugal was broken Portugal by the bad councell of a Knight who had beene accustomed to bee often shut vp with the Queene of Portugall and was her fauorite hee was Earle of Oren. To giue some collour and beginning to this warre the King D. Fernand sent to Iohn Duke of Lancaster perswading him that as husband to D. Constance daughter to the deceased King D. Pedro of Castile and Leon Mignon of Queene Leonoras puts Castile and Portugal in war hee should pursue his right which hee pretended to those Realmes The English Prince relying vpon the fauour of Portugal with the consent and aide of King Richard his Nephew raised a thousand men at armes or Launces and a good number of foote whereof he gaue the charge to his brother Edmond of Langley Earle of Cambridge who led them into Spaine for that the Duke could not goe in person to this warre The English army arriued vpon the coast of Portugal whereas the warre was already violent for the King of Castile beeing aduertised of this practise had let his army into the country and taken the towne of Almoyda And at sea euen vpon the arriuall of the English army Fernand Sanches of Tour Admirall of Castile had taken twenty gallies of Portugal with their Admirall D.
redresse with great prouidence and kept the people in their obedience to the Queene their naturall Princesse About this time Pope Sixtus the fourth dyed in whose place succeeded Iohn Baptista Cibo Cardinall of the title of Saint Laurence in Lucina and Bishop of Malfetta who was called Innocent the eighth The yeare before King Lewis the eleuenth dyed who as it is reported had ordayned by his last will that the Earledome of Rossillon should bee restored to King Fernand the lawfull Prince thereof but his sonnes Councellours thought it not conuenient This King beeing very deuoute and greatly honouring Saint Iames had giuen tenne thousand Crownes and sent great store of mettall and worke-men to make the greatest bell there in all Christendome Now for the causes heretofore declared Castile the Kings of Castile did enterprise against Nauarre and France notwithstanding the warre of Granado the which they would in no sort giue ouer but did earnestly sollicite it and prouided sufficiently for it King Fernand beeing yet in his Kingdome of Arragon Moores there were assembled in the cittie of Cordoua and afterwards in Antequera the number of sixe thousand horse and twelue thousand foot-men which ouer-ranne and spoiled the Countries of Alora Coin Caçaranouella and Carthama where diuers notable skirmishes were made the Master of Saint Iames the Marquis of Cales and Don Alphonso d'Aguilar were Captaines of them This armie was refreshed with victualls from Siuill and Xeres and then returned to Antequera laden with spoyles The Queene in the meane time visited the Prouinces of Guipuscoa and Biscay and at her returne to Victoria the King arriued there out of Arragon where he found much to do for the Arragonois were not so easily gouerned Estates of Arragon nor so ready to please their Kings appetites as the Castillians both of them left Victoria and came to Tarassone where the Estates of Arragon were appoynted to meet whose Deputies did set downe such difficulties and delayes as they would by no meanes contribute money towards the warres of Granado nor against France for the Earledome of Rossillon so as they were at the point to dissolue the assembly for the time of making warre beeing come it behooued them either to assayle or defend on the frontiers of Granado The Kings Councell made long disputations vppon the difficultie of making this double warre for King Fernand was desirous to assayle the French for the recouerie of the Earledome of Rossillon and the Queenes mind was to poursue the Moores euen to the totall ruine of their State and expulsion out of Spaine The most part of the voyces fauoured the Queenes desire and shee to please her husband was of opinion that hee with the forces of Arragon Valencia Cattalonia and some part of Castile should war vppon the French and her selfe with the rest of the armie would poursue the Moores Hereuppon they seuered themselues the Queene went towards Toledo and the King stayed to make an end of the assembly The Cardinall of Spaine did accompanie the Queene The Cardinall entreth Toledo as Archb. The king giues him place that day and hauing not yet made his entrie into the cittie of Toledo since hee was Arch-bishop thereof he entred the same in great pompe in which sollemnitie vpon that day by an auncient custome the Arch bishop of Toledo was preferred in all honors and ceremonies aboue the Soueraigne Magistrate neuerthelesse the Cardinall gaue place to the Queene albeit shee would haue had the old custome obserued From thence they went to Andalusia where they ordered and reformed certaine customes which the people of Iaen Baeça Vbeda Caslona Andujar and others had concerning feasts and plaies nothing profitable to the common-wealth When they came to Cordoua the great Lords did there meete to conferre about the warres there came also diuers French and Almaine Gunners for Cannons and Bombards were not as yet much vsed in Spaine There was likewise a great army by sea set foorth Don Aluaro of Mendoza Earle of Castro beeing Generall The Queene would haue made the Cardinall Generall ouer all her land and sea forces but the kings vnlookt-for returne who could do no good with the States of Arragon gaue end to his commission They were determined to beseege Loxa but for the easier execution thereof they first of all did assayle Alora the which they took hauing beaten downe two towers with the Cannon The Moores fledd into the Castle and did afterwards by composition saue their liues and goods The King and Queenes custome was Ceremonies vsed after the taking of any towne from the Moores so soone as they had taken any towne from the Moores to send three ensignes thither which were consecrated or blessed as they tearm it the which were to be set vp on the highest tower or place of the same towne the first was of the Crucifixe for a signe and token of the redemption of mankind the which was carried to the highest toppe of the towne or fort and there by an ensigne-bearer displayd and flourished in the ayre the whole army kneeling downe and giuing thankes to God in diuers prayers but this prayer was chiefly rehearsed with a loud voyce as followeth Deus qui per crucem tuam populo in te credenti triumphum contra inimicos tuos concedere voluisti quaesumus vt in tua pietate adorantibus crucem victoriam semper tribuas honorem Others did say Exaudi nos Domine salutaris noster et per Triumphum sancta◠Crucis a cunctis nos defende periculis The Clergy and Ministers of the Church did afterwards sing Te Deum laudamus The second standerd was that of the Apostle Saint Iames the Sonne of Zebedé whom the Spaniards acknowledge for Patron and protector of their Country and state and for guide and defender of their Kings of Castile and Leon at the sight wherof the army and the people cried out with great ioy Santiago Santiago Saint Iames Saint Iames And the third was the King and Queenes royall Banner wherein were pictured the armes of all their realmes and dominions and when that was lifted vp and displaied they all cried aloude Castile Castile for King Fernand and Queene Isabell. After all this the prelats and Clergy did expiate and purge the mesquites or Churches which had serued for the reprobate vse of the Mahometan religion blessing and dedicating them to some Saint or other and if in the towne or Citty taken any Christian Captiues were found as vsually there were some they after the Priests had sung Te Deum laudamus were made to answere Benedictus dominus Israell quia visitauit et fecit redemptionem plebis suae These were the ceremonies vsed by King Fernand and Queene Isabell at the taking of any towne from the Moores Alora beeing taken and fortified Don Lewis Fernandes Lord of Palma had the keeping thereof then the royall army passed on to the valley of Carthama the Marquis of Cales led the vantgard with two thousand
could not be suffered to come to Valencia but was enforced to returne without beeing heard or seene King Charles at the same time was troubled with ciuill warres against the Duke of Orleance Duke Francis of Brittaine and the Lord of Albret who was dispossessed of his lands father to Iohn of Albret who was king of Nauarre and with others Iohn of Albret and Katherine of Nauarre Kings of Nauarre accounted for the 35. in the order of the Kings IOHN of Albret Nauarre the sonne of Alain of whom we haue made mention heretofore was married to Catherine the heire of Nauarre but before we come to the declaration therof it shall be neeedfull to speake of the state wherein the late King Francis Phoebus left the succession to his sister Katherine who raigned after him Iohn Vicount of Narbone vnkle to her Iohn Vicount of Narbon quarrels for the Earledome of Foix and Seigneury of Bearne and to the deceased King did foorth-with quarrell with the Lords of Foix and Bearne saying that for those lands lying vpon the limits of the Realme of France where women do not succeed that Queene Catherine his Neece was incapable of enioying them and therefore shee ought to content her selfe with her inheritance of Nauarre which is gouerned by other lawes and to leaue those two Lordships to him Vppon this strife great warre arose betwixt the parties the Vicount of Narbonne beeing fauoured by Iasper of Villemur Seneshall of Foix and the Lord of Calmont Iohn of Castel Verdun and others who the yeare 1484. leading with them forces of horse and foot tooke through the trecherie of one called Romengas the towne of Maçeres and then they seized on Monthault and in the end they came to assayle Pamiers where the cittizens would willingly haue receiued the Vicount whom they acknowledged to be a son of the house of Foix but not his souldiers whereat the Vicount being enraged went to S. Antonies which is the Cathedral church and the Bishops place of residence from whence he draue away Paschal who was Bishop and possessor thereof and enthronized Mathew Artigalu therein who pretended and pleaded the sayd Bishopricke against the other the Vicount moreouer doing his best to enter into Pamiers but the inhabitants persisting in their resistance he was constrayned to retire to Maseres from which place he continued the war against his Neece and the princesse Magdalen her mother who sent in the yeare 1485. Iohn of Lautrec to keepe and defend the countrey of Foix with diuers troupes leauied in Bearne and in the Earledome of Bigorre as also to recouer that which Iohn of Foix Vicount had vsurped Lautrec marching on to execute his commission was preuented by the way by Raymond Lordat Lord of Rodel who intreated him from those of Sauardun who some few dayes before had yeelded to the Vicount to pardon them in regard they did it to auoyd the present danger and to appease the Vicounts furie against whom they were not strong enough to resist they being desirous with all their hearts to serue queene Catherine their naturall Princesse and that if her pleasure were to receiue them they wold obey her and most willingly would cast off the Vicounts yoake therefore the Lord of Rodell intreated him to make all the hast he could to Sauardun assuring him that hee should be kindly welcomed and let into the towne Lautrec accepting this offer marched thither and arriued at the bridge gate at the same instant when as the Vicount of Narbone who was aduertised of all their practises entred at another gate called Vlmet These two Lords being met together in this sort did in stead of assayling one another performe offices of complement and they fell into discourse of peace which grew to this conclusion that Iohn of Foix should enioy Sauardun Maseres Monthault and S. Espartio with the church of S. Anthony the castle of Heremen and Montagu with other places and forts the which agreement as being vnlawfull was not obserued for within a few dayes after Odet Cardinall of Carcasson recouered Montagu and S. Anthonies and restored them to Queene Catherine Lautrec likewise on the other side took Montagu S. Espartio with the castle of Heremen which he ouerthrew In those businesses was queen Catherine entertayned in the beginning of her raigne to the great contentment of the chief Lords of the factions in Nauar who in the meane time managed their owne affaires by the intelligences which they had in Castilè notwithstanding any impediment that the Lord of Aubenas was able to giue them who was Viceroy in that Kingdome The yeare following which was 1486. Iohn Vicount of Foix in recompence of the losses he had sustained did by intelligence with certaine of the Inhabitants surprize the towne of Pamiers and left the Lord of Lauellane with certaine companies of souldiers there but Captaine Peter Bunfiere did by the selfe same meanes and by the helpe of a Lock-smith who made false keyes to the gate of Conserans beeing sent thither by the Princesse Magdalen and the Queene her daughter recouer the sayd towne slew diuers of the Garrison with Lauellanet their Captaine and carried thence whatsoeuer hee found yet for all this the warre ended not but continued to the great hinderance and preiudice of the countries of Foix and Bearne during which turmoyles the Princesse Magdalen reiecting the great and profitable match which was offered by the Prince of Castile married her daughter to Iohn of Albret which caused many troubles in the Realme of Nauarre The factious of Nauarr hinder their Princesse marriage For it was no easie matter to bring the factious to any reason Those which had any intelligences with Castile were so farre off from desiring this marriage with Prince Iohn of Castile as they hindered it to their vttermost power because they would not be subiect to a Prince that was mightie and had means to punish their crimes and yet neuerthelesse they could make vse of the occasion why that match was not accomplished by resisting their Princesse and Iohn of Albret her husband and by that meanes vpheld themselues in their tyrannies The absence of the Cardinall of Foix the Queenes Vnkle was a great hinderance to her affaires For this yeare 1486. he was sent for to Rome by Pope Innocent the eighth to be employed for the pacification of Naples which was troubled with ciuill wars betwixt the Barons and their King Fernand the same king beeing at great strife with the Pope who sent this Cardinall to Naples with power as Legate â—a latere where in some sort he composed those differences but he dyed at Rome and neuer returned more into Nauarre the state of which Kingdome beeing thus miserably distracted Amand Lord of Albret father to the new king did resolue to enter into Nauarre where hauing had conference with the Lord of Aubenas his brother who was Viceroy there and then with Iohn de Ribera who spoiling the countrie for the King of
that yeare 1524 the computation of the yeare beginning at our Lady day was that memorable battaile of Pauia where the French were defeated and king Francis taken prisoner by the imperials whereof the chiefe were Cont Charles of Launoy viceroy of Naples Ferdinand d'Aualos Marquesse of Pescaire and Charles duke of Bourbon who forsome discontentment had left France and followed the emperours party What were the causes of this great ouerthrow and what succeeded after ye may read at large in the History of France whereunto I referre the Reader to auoid needlesse repetitions The emperor was aduertised of this defeat and prision the tenth of March the news were pleasing vnto him as wee may coniecture yet he shewed himself verie modest shewing no tokens of pride for this great successe Worthy Councel of the bishop of Osma There were two opinions debated in his councel the bishop of Osma was author of the one to suffer this great prisoner to depart freely to bind him vnto him by a frank and brotherly deliuerance the other was to keep him still and to draw from him all the profit and aduantages that might be This last aduice proceeded from D. Frederic of Toledo duke of Alua was followed by the emperor wherefore there were certaine articles drawn and sent with al speed vnto the king by the lord of Reux who reiected them as vnreasonable Hereupon the Viceroy of Naples persuaded the king not to take it in ill part if he were led into Spain 1525 to treat himself with the emperour touching his libertie assuring him that he desired it shewing him letters from his friends in court But his intention was in the meane time to led him to the castle of Naples and there to attend the opportunitie of a passage for they were not strong enough at sea for the French who had Andrew Dorias Galleys at their deuotion Neither did hee much trust his armie at land which wanting pay hee feared would mutine Besides he was iealous of the Pope Venetians and other Potentates of Italie who were discontented at the prosperitie of the emperour his maister wherefore being thus resolued he conducted the king to Genoa and from thence to Porto Fino whereas the marshall of Montmorency comming vnto him with sixe French galleys Passage of king Francis being Prisoner into Spaine without any souldiers by the commandement of the Queene Regent the kings mother he changed his aduice hauing furnished those galleys with Spanish souldiers and ioyning them to those which he had thinking that he might easily passe whilest that the French expected his going to Naples he suddenly bent his course for Spain laÌ„ded the prisoner at Barcelona before that it was known or that he had aduertised the emperor and from thence hee conducted him to Valencia But passing by Tortosa the king was in great danger among the mutyned Spaniards who pursued the Viceroy tumultuosly for their pay forcing him with their shot to escape ouer the top of his lodging the bullets flying nere vnto the kings person The emperor hearing of his arriual coÌ„manded he shold be put into the castle of Xatiua a place ordained in old time to be a prison for great men but the viceroy obtained that he might liue in certain houses of pleasure about Valencia vntil that he had commandement to conduct him to Madrid The emperor was resolued not to see him before thee had concluded for his liberty for the treating whereof besides the archbishop of Ambrun who was afterwards Cardinal of Tournon and Selua the first President of Paris he gaue a safe coÌ„duct to Marguerite of France duches of Alanson who arriued at Barcelona in September passing from thence by Saragosse shee came to Madrid whether she found the emperor was come to visit the king who had bin brought almost to deaths doore with a violent feuer This had a shew of charity to comfort him giuing hope that he should be soone set at liberty but it was rather a curiosity that he might visibly see in what estate he was fearing to lose the fruits of his prize if he should die It is said that being in consultation whether hee should see him or not hee was dissuaded by his Chauncellour who told him that if he saw him 1526 and did not set him freely at libertie the world would thinke that hee had been brought thither by couetousnesse Gouernours counsell thrust on with a mercinarie charitie and a seruile feare to loose by the prisoners death the price of his ransome a noble aduice and worthie to be obserued But the duchesse of Alansons presence was the best remedie to recouer the king where she remained almost three moneths what she effected and vpon what tearmes the king was deliuered you may read in its proper historie 23 These things past in the yeare 1526 Mariage of the Emperor Charls in the which the Emperour Charles maried D. Isabella of Portugal daughter to the king D. Manuel D. Alphonso Fonseca Archbishop of Toledo and primat of Spaine with D. Ferdinand of Arragon duke of Calabria were sent to receiue this princesse who conducted her with great state to Seuile where the mariage was celebrated Of this mariage was borne the one and twentieth day of May 1527 in the yeare 1527 D. Philip who succeeded in all the realmes lands and seigniories of the Emperour as well hereditarie as conquered A memorable yeare for that by the Emperours armie consisting for the most part of Spaniards whereof Charles duke of Bourbon was generall Rome taken sackt the citie of Rome was taken and sackt and Pope Clement with many cardinals ransomed and hardly intreated the greedie and insolent souldiers not sparing the cardinals of their owne nation prophaning by all acts of crueltie and excesse in their disordered appetites the places and persons dedicated and vowed to religion notwithstanding that the prince for whom they made warre heire of the realms of Spaine carried the title of Catholike purchased by his predecessors for the good offices they had done to Popes and to the sea of Rome The same yeare king Francis being râ—turned into his realme Mariage of king Henry of Albreâ— he caused the mariage to be accomplished betwixt D. Henrie of Albret and Marguerite of France widow to the duke of Alanson father and mother to queene Ioane heire to the realme of Nauarre King Francis being come from his imprisonment discontented he entred willingly into league with the Pope League against the Emperor the king of England the Venetians and Florentines for the libertie of Italie 〈◊〉 when as he vnderstood the cruelties vsed by the Imperiall armie at Rome he allied himselfe more strictly with the king of England vnder colour to free the Pope and the territories of the Church whereupon the lord of Lautrec was appointed to lead an armie into Italie at their common charge The Emperour being aduertised that king Francis not onely refused to
with him for his losse and sought to comfort him But the emperours bountie repaired his great losse Bountie of the emperour to Prince Doria for he did not onely giue him three thousand ducats oâ—yerely rent for euer out of the fines at Naples but he also made him Protonotarie of that kingdome which is the fift of the seuen principall offices the which the prince Iohn Andrew his newphew doth now enioy 41 At the emperours returne from Alger hee found himselfe ingaged in a difficult warre Warre betwixt the French king the emperor against the French king the which would not suffer him to make any long aboad in Spaine The king pretended that the truce had beene broken and the faith violated by the Marquesse of Guast his lieufenant in Lombardie by reason of the 〈◊〉 of Fregose and Rinson which fact being sufficiently 〈◊〉 it was dissembled by him where upon the French king began the warre in many places In 〈…〉 by the lord of Longuenall and Martin van Roâ—sse In the 〈…〉 by the the duke of Orleance The Dauphin Henry was come into the 〈…〉 did beseege the Towne of Perpignan with forty thousand foot two thousand men at armes two thousand light horse and great store of artillerie one of the goodliest armies the French had of long time drawne together the which proued to bee of no effect for that proceeding so slowly the duke of Alua had meanes to put some troupes into the town which was ill furnished by land and D. Bernardin of Mendosa newly made generall of the galleys of Spaine to supplie it with victuals and all other kind of munition by sea so as the Prince seeing it was not easie to force 1542 and hearing of great succours which did aduance both from Spaine and Italie hee retyred In Italie the Lord of Langey made warre for the king and in Picardie the duke of Vendosme what the successe was the French Historie will fully satisfie you The emperour feeling yet the bad successe of this affaires of Barbarie and stung by the French in so many places fainted not but that which did most trouble him was the duetie he ought vnto Germanie as emperour for besides that Sultan Solyman had newly repulst the forces of the empire from before Buda hee was aduertised that hee prepared to returne this yeare in person into Hungarie with a mighty armie and that which toucht him nerer he vnderstood that by the persuasion of the French king and of Captaine Paâ—lin his embassador in the East Barberousse was at Sea with a great number of gallies and foists with an intent to inuade his Countries of Naples and Sicile and to spoile Spaine if hee might finde any opportunitie To preuent all these mischiefes hee went to Barcelone to passe into Italie where whilest they made the gallies readie for his passage and that the Souldiers came which should goe with him hee went into Nauarre and caused some roades to bee made into the neere frontier of Fraunce S. Iohn de Luz burnt by the Spaniards and the Towne of Saint Iohn de Luz to bee burnt And seeing himselfe thus prest hee held the support of Henry the eight king of England to bee needfull with whome hee entred into leagne Hauing concluded together how they should make warre the emperour came to Genoua with forty gallies and some troupes when as Barberoâ—sse sackt and burnt the coast of Calabria and had taken the town of Regium in the streit against Sicile Then the Turkish armie came to Ostia which did much amaze the Romanes but they did only water and so past not doing any harme to the territories of the church which were recommended by the French king then leauing the riuer of Genoua hee came to Marcelles The French king had sent Frances of Bourbon duke of Anguien to bee his lieutenant in Prouence and to receiue the Turkes armie who attending Barberousse and thinking to surprise the Castle of Nice had like to haue beene surprised himselfe by Iannetin Doria who watcht for him within the Port with twentie gallies for hee beleeuing one who had laied this double plot aduentured to goe with some of the kings galleys whereof foure which hee had caused to aduance were taken and hee himselfe escaped by flight Barberousse besâ—egeth the Castle of Nice Barberousse being come Doria quit the Port and Towne of Nice to the Turkes who sackt and burnt it but the Castle held good being valiantly defended by Paul Simeon a knight of Malta the place being of it selfe vneasie to batter and worse to assaile but after a while they tooke an occasion to leaue the siege Barberousse retyred with his gallies to Antibo being much discontented against the French for the bad prouision hee had found in Prouence for the warre for hee saw many necessarie prouisions to faile them suddenly and that the kings men were often forced to borrow powder match and other necessaries from the Turkes so as hee grew often into such a rage as hee did threaten Captaine Paulin to put him in chaines and to carrie him to Constantinople there to bee punished as an abuser and lyer hauing made infinite promises to the great Turke whereof hee saw no effects the which hee had done if the prince of Anguien had not somewhat pacified him with good words Being at Antibo he vnderstood that the Marquesse of Guast and the duke of Sauoy were come into the port of Villafranca with prince Dorias gallies and that being ready to enâ—er into Port they had been surprised with so great a storme as foure gallies thinking to get to sea had been cast against the rockes and broken and that wherin the Marquessâ— was in danger to be sunke The Turke ready for al occasions went thither with his gallies but he came to late he gathered vp part of the ship-wracke and drew the ordnance out of the sea After which he went wintred at Tolon from whence he sent fiue and twenty gallies to Alger with the spoiles which hee had taken the which they increased with many poore prisoners of either sex passing along the coast of Catelogne and Valencia Fernando Cortez depriued of his gouernment of Mexico and with a ship and a galley which they found neere vnto Palamos which they carried away I must speak some thing of Fernando Cortez who conquered Mexico from whence hee was called being viceroy by the meanes of some which enuied his greatnes being accused in Spaine vnto the emperour and forced to come and yeeld himselfe a prisoner in the yeare one thousand fiue hundred and forty he could not so sooneiustifie his innocencie although hee were in a maner set at libertie following the emperour to the warre of Alger yet hee had no command and as one in disgrace with his Maiestie hee was neuer called to councell In those dangerous accidents although hee were a great Captaine and had beene tryed in greater difficulties whereof hee had giuen good proofes in
of the Gothes and allyed to them in bloud Nobilitie of the kings of Spaine and are as it were graft iâ—to the stockes of the famous families of the Baltes and Hamales But to draw their Genealogie neerer and more personally Authours agree that they descend from the Merouingiens and Carlouingiens the founders of the estate of the French whereby it followes that they haue right vnto the realme of France so as they cannot be taxed of fraud when as they shall seeke to settle themselues there to aduance their monarchie If you consider their prowesse and victories wee haue no need to go beyond our owne age for the emperor Charles the fift king of Spaine hath alone wonne more famous victories than all the other princes of Europe The French are witnesses to their costs and that mightie and fearefull Germane Nation which hee subdued in lesse than tenne moneths and brought all the Princes Towns and states of the Germane empire vnder his obedience he repulsed the Ottomans forces both by Sea and land and conquered the realme of Tunes in Afrik But it is verie remarkable that notwithstanding any warre which Spaine hath endured since it was freed from the Romane yoake being inuaded by the Gothes Moores Arabians and other nations yet the Spaniards haue alwaies preserued their libertie and retained their manners their language and their religion and haue drawne others vnto it with whome humane changes haue made them to liue and conuerse Seeing then by antiquitie nobilitie largenesse of dominions power victories generous actions and finally by all that may purchase greatnesse and temporall dignitie to nations and their kings Spaine is to bee preferred before all it followes that the first place is due to the kings of Spaine before all other Christian kings and by consequence before him of France But for that the question of this precedence hath beene mooued in a generall Councell and disputed before the Pope and the sacred Senate it is no lesse requisit to set down the testimonies which Spaine and her kings haue of the spirituall fauour of God in his Chatholike Church wherein they shall bee found to exceed in graces and spirituall gifts the kings of France and all other kings and their realmes as also in deuotion and merits to the Popes and to the Sea of Rome the onely iudge of this controuersie Spâ—â—â—e first instructed in the Gospell It is certaine that Iesus Christ hauing finished the worke of mans redemption and ascended into heauen Spaine among all other Pagan nations was first aduertised of this great benefit as also by signes and wonderfull prodigies shee had the first feeling of his comming and birth for the Spaniards had first of all this credit to see the Apostles personally among them and to heare the Gospell preached by them and to beleeue the which is confirmed by many graue and faithfull authours and by the ancient and vndoubted traditions of the churches of Spain saying that S. Iames had been sent by the Apostles to the Spaniards had preached among them and made many disciples who returning to Ierusalem had led some with them who assisted at the third General Councell whereof mention is made in the fifteenth of the Acts of the Apostles and had their voices there this holy Apostle being president who hauing beene put to death by Herod Agrippa and his bodie cast vnto the dogs it was gathered vp by the said disciples and transported miraculously into Spaine and by their peaching infinit families had beene conuerted where afterwards many receiued the Crowne of martyrdom whose memorie is famous in the church the authoritie whereof commaunds euerie man to beleeue that the virgin Mary being liuing Virgin Mary seene in Spaine appeared to Saint Iames in the Citie of Saragosse before hee parted from Spaine exhorting him to cause that church to be built which is there dedicated to her which is the most ancient of the Countrie and it was not long before the Princes of the Apostles S. Peter S. Paul came into Spaine where with an incredible zeale in maner al the people were conuerted vnto the Asturies whereof Torquatus the Asturian was one of the first to giue testimony of their constancie in the faith for the which he was executed at Rome The Prelates of Spain were at the first couÌ„cels especially at the first at Nice wheras Ozius that famous bishop of Cordoua signed the decrees thereof before Nicasius bishop of Gaule The church of Rome is beholding to this Ozius a Spaniard for the donation made vnto it by the emperor Constantin who had beene instructed by him in the catholike faith After this sacred general councell there were many others held in Spain Councels in Spaine of the which that of Illiberi in Granado is famous wheras Helene the emperors mother was with her grand child Constantin But since there haue bin frequent Councels in that nation namely in Toledo during the Goths raigne where the kings did assist shewed themselues ready to execute their decrees There is no contradiction but but the kings of Spaine were made Christians before them of France the memorie of king Rioâ—edo is and shall for euer be honourable who chased Arrianisme out of Spain did persecute hereâ—â—â—â— Richaredo a Catholike king of which Catholike Prince the kings of Spaine which raigne at this day are true successors for that they suffer not any one within their dominions to speake against the holie Catholike Apostolik and Romish church To maintein the which without blemish vpon earth there is nothing like in all the Christian gouernment to the inquisition of Spain Inquisition of Spaine exceeding in holie seueritie and profitable rigour all the inquisitions of other kingdomes and estates There the lawes and constitutions of Popes are receiued reuerenced and practised the which are not in France whereas the Canon law is abrogated and whereas they haue often resisted Popes and Councels censuring their decrees which are irrepreheÌ„sible vnder color of certain pretended liberties of the French church wherof their kings make themselues protectors to the preiudice of the sea of Rome The first princes which opposed themselues against the spoiles of the Moores inuading Spain abandoned by the defeat death of king Roderike the last of the Gothes Kings of Spaine Saints haue been holy wel beloued of God wherof there are most aâ—tentik signs in many places To D. Garcia Ximenes first king of Sobrarbre the deliuerer of Spain Armes from heauen was giuen froÌ„ heauen for his arms a red crosse vpoÌ„ a green tree in a field argeÌ„t D. Inigo Arista one of his successors by the like fauor receiued a crosse argeÌ„t in a field Azure Many miracles are reported to haue hapned at the Christenings of kings of Spain Some of theÌ„ haue cured the kings euil many haue expelled diuels In the citie of Leon is kept a holy standard brought from heauen by S. Isidorus one of the Patrons protectors
coÌ„trouersies And for that the Spaniards wold bring their nation from Tubal one of the neere descendents of Noah they to pay them with the like money laied for a foundation of the antiquitie of the French Nation that the Gaules and the French were one nation and one people issued from Gomer grand-child to Noah and that this nation of the Gaules did extend from the riuer Tanais vnto the Western Atlantik Ocean in which circuit at this day is contained Spain France Germany Polonia Russia with the Gottike British Ilands and these people were generally called Gommerians Gaules a name taken from their progenitor Gomer who was also surnamed Gal which signifies escaped from the waters that is to say the Deluge But since to distinguish their troups meÌ„bers as they dispersed theÌ„selues they took other names as of Galates Albins TheutoÌ„s People comprehended vnder the Gaules GermaÌ„s CimmeriaÌ„s Cimbres CicaÌ„btians french c. drawn froÌ„ their adueÌ„tures or the situatioÌ„ of the regions where they lodged or froÌ„ the princes captaines which did lead theÌ„ yet the name of Gaules hath bin alwaies retained by them which haue held the country on this side or on the west part of the riuer of Rhin for a perpetual marke of their antiquitie taken as is said from the deluge that all the foresaid people were in old time of the same maners that is to say free open warlike and conquerous courteous to their friends fierce to their enemies vsing for a long time one language taken at the diuision of Babell which was the Teutonicke more pure at that time than it hath beene since by reason of the mixture of nations And thereupon the Gaules which dwelt on this side and the Germanes or Teutons which remained on that side the Rhin called Brethren That the inhabitants of Spaine at this day could not attaine to this antiquitie although they say they are descended from Tuball the brother of Gomer for Gomer Gal was the eldest of Iaphets children as they are set downe in the holy Scripture and Tubal was the fift who made another branch the which came but late into Spaine hauing taken another way That one Iberius issuing from him had giuen the name to Iberia Asiatica which at this day is the Countrie of the Georgians from whence out of doubt the Iberians Spaniards are come but long after the Deluge Iberians Spaniards And that on the other side some wandring troopes came into Spaine vnder the conduct of one Sepherad whose descent the Rabins bring also from Gomer of whom there is no other record but that hauing crost Afrike which was held by the posteritie of Cain hee had entred by the strait into Spaine and that hee had called that continent by his name Sepheride turned since into Speride and in the end into Hesperide Moreouer said they that the names of these two stemmes or fathers of nations are verie considerable in this question of antiquirie and nobilitie being most certaine that in all the names of these first men there was something mysteriall and propheticall which gaue a note vnto posteritie But the word Gomer signifies a man perfect and finished and Tubal signifies seed which begins to spring There is an honourable mention made of Gomer and his descendents in all authors as giuen to religion and sciences And if wee shall beleeue Berosus as wee haue him at this day and drawe the Gaules from one Samotheus brother to Gomer hee commends him to haue beene the wisestman of his time whereas there is no worthy mention of Tubal to ground nobilitie on When as the Scipture speakes of the children of Tubal it puts them in the rankes of mercers Ezechiel 27. pedlers horse coursers frequenting the Tyrians faires markets The Spaniards themselues say that Tubal and his people were first seated in Iberia Asiatica from whence they without doubt came which haue peopled the greatest part of Spaine who were therefore called by the Greekes and Latins Iberians which is the true and most ancient name which we find of that region of Europe Name of Spaine come out of Asia which wee call Spaine which name was brought from Asia Before this transmigration of the Spaniards or Iberians out of Asia into Europe the Gaules who were also called Celtes had run beyond the Pyrenees and being as it were in possession of Spaine did this honour to the Iberians that were new come to giue them passage through Gaule and a dwelling beyond the mountains and although that afterwards growing insolent against their benefactors there grew contention and warre betwixt them yet they were reconciled and thence comes the name of Celtiberians a people famous in the war with whom the Romanes had to do in Spaine the which were long subiect to Princes and Captaines Gaules and Celtes whereof the name of Brigus one of their ancient kings which word is of the ancient Gaule makes mention and the names of Celtiques and Callaiques or Galliques haue beene for many ages preserued among the people of Spain whereas now the Countries of Portugal and Gallicia are for assured testimonies that the Celtes and Gaules had been seated in Spain before that euer the Iberians Asiatikes had set footing there Name of FraÌ„ce or French As for the name of Franc or French which their nation carries now they were agreed that it was new but with all they mainteined that it was most honourable for â—ranc signifies fierce and valiant free from all seruitude actiue noble and an honest man and for that they had giuen it to the nation of the Gaules not conquered by them but rather freed from the tyrannie of the Romanes and of the barbarous nations which did spoile it it did nothing derogate from the antiquitie and nobilitie thereof nor to the fraternitie which they haue alwaies had with the Gaules seeing that both these names are still in vse and common to the Nation that of Gaule and Gaulois being much vsed in solemne acts both spirituall and ciuill It is certaine that Gaules is as it were the generall name and French a particular so as the Spaniards in the search of Antiquities cannot find any other but that the French being somewhat dispersed from the bodie of the Gaules by the violence of the Romanes who prest them and to whome they would not yeeld but by extremitie were in the end vnited againe vnder one Crowne whereas by their vertue they erected a realme iâ— Gaule of the French familie of the Merouingâ—ens And they may read in Histories that the Romanes possessing Gaule found alwaies them of that nation dwelling vpon the bankes of Rhin and Meuse whereas now bee the Prouinces of Cleues Iuliers Gueldres Holland Zeland Frizeland and the neighbour Countries knowne to all Authors by the name of Sicambrians who were hard to manage Sieambrians are French people of Gaule alwaies contending for their libertie vntill they had freed themselues from the yoake and tyrannie of the
The Spaniards said they of the French partie tell wonders and miracles vpon the relation of their Writers and their Spanish traditions That if God hath giuen preheminence in these things to their nation it ought to be allowed and confirmed among men yea in ecclesiasticall assemblies They bragge that they first saw and heard the chiefe Apostles in their countrie and that they had beleeued the Gospel before all other Gentiles Hereof they giue no better proofe than the French might doe if they should say that these great lights S. Iames S. Peter and S. Paul going into Spaine had passed through Gaule going by land rather than by sea desiring to profit more as it is likely according to their dueties and commissions and that in passing they had preached and made Churches That by this probable reason the Gaules had beene instructed before the Spaniards and had seene the Apostles first As for the Apostles disciples it is most certaine that Gaule did see the first the most renowmed according to good Authors the which was Crescentius disciple to S. Paul and if we shal beleeue traditions Lazarus who was raised from death by our Sauior came preached at Marseille Nathaniel in Berry Denis Arcopagita at Paris There haue bin councels in Gaule since the time of pope Victor Councelles in Gauâ—e about 180 yeres after our sauior Iâ—sus Christ wheras that great doctor Irenaeus gouernor then of the church of Lion did preside And there is an Epistle yet extant written before that time by the Martires of Vienna vpon Rhosne from theÌ„ of LioÌ„ to coÌ„fort them of Galacia Phrigia in Asia during the persecutions of the Emperor Commodus As for the Councell Elibertin that is Eliberris that neither the time nor the place where it was held are not verie well quoted by them that haue written and it is probable that it was not in Spaine but rather at the foote of the Pyrenean mountaines vpon the strait of Gaule where there was also an other good towne of the same name reduced to a village in the time of Constantine the Great the which was called in regard of the portion which hee had giuen to Constantine his eldest sonne in the which Gaule and Spaine was comprehended to which two great prouinces this place confining was commodious but admit said they it had bin held in Spaine it would no more aduaÌ„ce the Spaniards cause thaÌ„ the councels of Arles that of the French assembled in a maner at the same time to compound the controuersies of the Bishops of Afrike by the authority imperial of Constantine the great in whose empire long before Gaule was full of goodly churches at Arles Vienna Lion Autun Treues Anger 's Poitiers in Berry Auuergne elsewhere which were furnished with learned catholike Pastors famous by the writings of the learned that were neere that age the which are come vnto vs and that Synodes were as frequent then and some ages after in Gaule and more then in Spaine but they were all nationall or called vpon some priuate subiects where if they beleeue that the kings Gothes comming into Spaine did assist we may beleeue that the kings of France haue done the like in their country But to maintaine as the Spaniards doe Kings christned in France before them in Spaine that the kings of the Gothes raigning in Spaine were Christians and Catholikes before them of France there is no ground vnlesse they will say that the Aâ—â—ians were Catholikes and Christians with which vice all the Gothish kings in Spaine were infected vnto Ricarede who was conuerted by the catholike Doctors among which was Nigith of Narbona and hee abiured Arrian heresie at the third Councell of Toledo in the yeere 589 a whole age after the conuersion of Clouis king of Fraunce to the true Christian faith in the which the kings of France and the French in generall haue always persisted vnlesse they will impute to the whole nation the priuate blemishes of some which will be found trifles in regard of those which haue beene raised in Spaine for the which it hath bin often troubled Heresies in Spaine as by the heresie of Basilides Martiall mentioned in S. Cyprians epistles wherof the one was bishop of Legio Gemina the other of Emerita that of Prisulian a Spaniard which was condemned at the councell of Burdeaux and him selfe with other his confederats executed at Mentz and in like maner by that of Felix the which shews that heresies haue been lesse countenanced in Gaule than in Spaine But leauing these old things seeing that prioritie of time doth not carrie it being said That in the kingdome of heauen the first are many times found last it is requisit to know how both Spaine and France haue gouerned themselues for matter of beleefe and godlie works during these later raignes It were not fitting for the French to contend of the holines of the kings of Spaine who did rise first after the inuasion of the Moores nor to dispute if their Armes came from heauen whether S. Isidores standard be true or a fiction nor in like maner the graces and gifts which they maintaine to haue been in some of their princes to cure diseases and to cast out diuelles For by the same grounds they beleeue that Charlemaigne Lewis 9 kings of France are Saints and their feasts are celebrated by the Church that the flowers de Luce of gold with the holie oyle are gifts from heauen and that it is most apparent the Kings of Fraunce cure the Kings Euill which things the French would not haue any man call in question Wherefore let them be allowed of eyther part without preiudice to their rank but said the French the Spaniards should shew themselues hollow hearted if they should deny that they had not been often retained in the true doctrine and instructed in the exercises of Christian religion by the Prelats and Doctours which Fraunce hath sent them from time to time whilest that the nobilitie of Spaine and their Kings also defiled themselues with the too familiar conuersation of the Moores Marriages profane of the kings of Spaine when they were not in armes alying themselues vnto them by marriages as D. Alphonso 5 of Leon did who without scruple gaue his sister D. Theresia in mariage to Abdala the Moore king of Toledo and an other Alphonso 6 of that name at Leon and 3 of Castille maried Caida a Moore They wil not make any doubt that by the diligence of D. Bernard Archb. of Toledo a French man borne and other clergy men of the same nation which did assist him the exercises of the Romish seruices was brought into that Church insteed of the Musarabic which they had vsed in Spaine vnto the yeare 1086. Wherfore the exercise was called Gallican And they must confesse that for want of worthy men to gouerne the churches of Spaine the said D. Bernard was constrained to furnish his bishopriks of Braga
Churches of Spaine gouerned by French Prelaâ—es Ozma Siguenza S. Iames Segouia Palenza Valencia Zamorra others with Prelats which he had brought from France in his returne from Rome And that an other Bernard of Agen succeeded him in the archbishopricke of Toledo all learned and holie pastors and so reputed in their owne Annales The kings of Spaine haue built store of monasteries and churches do entertain many orders of religions wherof the heads be in Spaine haue giuen the first fruits of their victories to popes as to Christs vicars The French contradicted it not seeing by the effect that the prelats clergy men of Spain are very rich Riches of the clergie of FraÌ„ce but wil they say that they are poore in Fraunce whereas they finde by a true computation that of twelue parts of the lands they hold seuen and receiue the reuenews besides the tithes the deuotion of good men and other casualties And as for the heads of religious orders it is well knowne that the chiefe and most auncient are in Fraunce much honoured 1564 and that the kings of Fraunce and other princes of that nation haue not onely giuen the first fruits of their victories to Popes but they haue giuen them whole realmes Whereas the Spaniards brag that by the discouerie of the west Indies they haue encreased the number of Christians and gotten a new world vnto the church The French confesse that doubtlesse this designe in the beginning was royall and that the respect wee owe vnto princes and Christian charitie doth bind euerie man to beleeue that such was the intention of the catholike kings D. Ferdinand and D. Isabella whenas they first gaue meanes to Christopher Columbus to vndertake this voyage but they maintained that there were neuer Commissions worse executed nor more â—alitiously diuerted than those by the Spaniards which haue beene sent since to the Indies and that in all their gouernement there is not any shew of good zeale nor of true religion If they will say there are many religious men of all Orders and especially Iesuites well entertained they replied there were many reapers seeking haruest to feed them reaping where they had not sowen Excesse of the Spaniards at the Indies That so many religious men went not thither daily to instruct the Indians but to gather the fat of the earth That it was well knowne there were few naturall Indians left at the west Indies and that the Spaniards as well souldiers as fermers and officers of the mines had slaine and murdered them by millions and did seeke to root out the race of them vsing them like bruite beasts and causing them to burst vnder the burthen of an insupportable labor in searching into the bowells of the earth to find gold into the depths of the sea to draw forth pearles It is not the way to increase the number of Christians and to get a new world vnto the Church to captiuat so many poore soules so tyrannously and to take away their liues without reason against all humanitie by such cruell vile and miserable seruices That these things were not spoken at randon nor inuented for the cruelties vsed vpon these poore Indians had beene verified by good informations made by the commaundement of the Emperor Charles the fift vpon the complaints which had beene made by certaine good religious men who were eie witnesses of those insolencies but yet there followed no great reformation Finally that great number which liue there in religious habits vnder a colour of deuotion be at leisure enough hauing no cure of soules wherewith Spaine and other countries of that iurisdiction on this side the seas are ouercharged and cannot well entertaine them without the west Indies and that is the chiefe mark of religion which they can shew in regard of those Indies For it is neither pietie nor charitie which drawes them thither it is couetousnesse and an insatiable greedines of gold which entertaines this nauigation and without doubt this traffike will cease the memorie of those places and the name of Iesus Christ will be forgotten if others than the Spaniards do not raise it as soone as their mines be dried vp as they are in some places and therefore abandoned As for the Inquisition which is an other great trophie of the Spaniards reputation with the Church and Christendome for that say they it keeps both great and small in obedience whereunto the French answered that it is hatefull to the best Catholikes to all men of honour in Spaine by the report of those which haue frequented that countrey for that it is iniurious vnto them and by extreme rigour doth seeme to note them with infamie making the world beleeue that they are not Christians but by a seruile coÌ„straint Besides the abuses which are daily committed to fill the treasorie to inrich the Inquisitors Inquisition of Spaine iniurious and abusiâ—e and their ministers spies by fines and confiscations procured vpon fained supposed crimes make it vnprofitable in it chiefe duty which is to maintaine the puritie of doctrine holines of maners and therefore this Inqusition practised after the maner of Spaine is abominable to euerie honest man That many haue held this bridle necessarie in former ages in Spaine where there was a great medley of nations of diuers religions which made many to beleeue what they thought good of the diuinitie yea vnto our fathers times in the which as it is related in the historie of the wars which were in Italie during the raigne of D. Ferdinand the fift and of the emperour Charles his graundchilde many of the Spaniards which were slaine in any incounters or battelles beeing stripped were found circumcised but it may bee the nation beeing now somewhat setled and resolued in the religion of Iesus Christ it seemed high time to moderate this sharpe rigour of the Inquisition of Spaine 1563 and that it should be practised with more charitie and modestie if it had no other end but the glorie of God and the health of mens soules That in France the vse is more free and sincere to edifie mens soules and not to ruine them and that the French had no need of such spurres for there was no nation that did more willingly obey the Sea of Rome The kings of Fraunce haue alwayes shewed themselues most deuout they reuerence the Popes and their authoritie the holie Decrees and Constitutions of lawfull Councells are in great recommendation with them referuing the dignitie of their estate and crowne which bindes them to be protectors of their clergie of the immunities liberties of the French church It is an article of their duty office roial charge These are old rights without dispute wherat the sea of Rome was neuer offended but when as it hath bin held by some who forgetting all fatherly duty towards France would adhere too much to the passions of their enemies yet notwithstanding the kings of
cause giuen him to doubt a warre in Afrike for that in Tunis the people had taken armes and expelled the Turkes that were there in gard calling home their old King Amida who had beene expelled and liued at Malta wherevpon Amurath did presently send Vluccialy with some gallies who attempted to land some men but the King of Fez opposed himselfe hauing no wil that the Turkes should grow potent in Afrike And the Catholike King who had made a league with the Moore would not haue the Turke aduance on that side protesting to Vluccialy that by reason of the truce formerly made betwixt him and the great Turke he could not attempt war against him of Fez vnlesse he would breake the truce and therefore if he attempted any thing hee would send his gallies against him which threats made Vluccialy resolue hauing past thether wel prouided not to alter any thing this yeere The disorders at the Tercera's increased daily many comming thether for refuge after they had beene spoyling at sea whereof some were French And King Phillip being aduertised that in France they prepared many ships of warre and leauied souldiers publikly vnder the fauour of the Queene mother to come vnto those Islands there to fortifie themselues against the Spaniards to cut off their nauigation to the Indies and to assure them against the enterprises of the King of Spaine and depriue him of the vse of them he had already commanded D. Aluar de Baçan Marquis of Santa Cruz to carry 5000. men thether when as hearing that D. Antonio had set saile with aboue 70. ships and 7000. soldiers as reports are alwaies greater then the effects he prest the Marquis to be gonne and seemed to be somewhat discontented with him for his slacknesse in making ready the ships of Andaluzia whereof there were a good number appointed for this voiage so as hee was forced to goe from Lisbone on the tenth of Iuly with eight and twenty ships only some Biscains the rest Flemings and Esterlings appointing the rest which were at Saint Lucar Santa Maria and other ports to follow him This Castillan army beeing come to the Island of Saint Michel Armies of French and Spaniards in the Island of Saint Michel they found that the French were already landed and did spoile it So as they came happely to preserue the Island and the chiefe fort of it called Puncto Delgada Hee was glad that whilest the French were busie about the spoile of that poore Island they had suffred a great ship and very rich comming from the Indies to escape the which had come vnwittingly vnto those Islands beeing ignorant how the affaires of Portugal had past These two enemies fleets were at anchor some thirty miles one from an other beiug couered with points of Land which runne into the sea The French being about Laguna towards the West and the Spaniards at Morro which is to the East with this disaduantage that the Marquis sayling along the Island to finde a fit place to land the army had beene fully discouered by the French which hee could not doe of theirs lying couered and hidden besides the French had taken a Caruell of aduice the Marquis hauing sent two vnto the Gouernor of the Island to aduertise him of his comming and of the number of ships and souldiers which hee brought with him and of those which should follow him Beeing therefore hard to discouer the French army by sea the Marquis was desirous to land some men to learne some certentie but they were forced to returne without any certaine knowledge Wherefore to bee better assured he waied anchor and put to sea with all his fleet in order to fight meaning to passe in that manner along the South part of the Island where the enemy lay for the other side of the Island was desart and had no landing and by that meanes see what their strength might be where at the breake of day there came a smal barke vnto him in the which was the Master of a Biscain ship with letters from Iohn de Castillo who commanded in the fort of the city by the which he did aduertise him of all that had past since the comming of D. Antonio and his army vnto the Island That the French had in all 58. sailes whereof 28. were great ships and 6000. souldiers that they had sackt the village of Laguna and put to rout Pedro Pexot and Laurence Noghera who went to incounter them with 3000. men part Islanders and part Spaniards and then had entred into the city which they had found empty and that they sought to winne the fort into the which they were fled that had escaped at the defeat That Laurence Noghera was dead of a wound which hee had receiued in the fight and that Pexot went away soone after in a Carauel towards Lisbone leauing many of his vessels in the Port which had beene taken or brothen by the French and that hee was straightly beseeged in the fort and therefore hee should take counsell whether hee should fight or retire with all his ships vnder the fort to fauour it The Marquis beeing glad of this aduice sent the Master backe to Iohn de Castillo with this answere That hee should not trouble himselfe but hold good for hee was resolued to fight with hope to vanquish the enemy This report came neere the truth for the number of their ships for the French fleet at their comming from Belille in Britan consisted of fiue and fifty sailes whereof there were fiue and thirty ships of warre and twenty pinaces Number of the French army at the Terceres tarrying seuen and thirty companies of foote which might make some foure thousand souldiers whereof Saincte Solene was Collonel of fifteene Ensignes nine were vnder the command of the Siegneur of Buz eight vnder Beaumont and fiue vnder Fumee ouer which Philip Strossy was Generall and the Earle of Brissac was his Lieutenant The Marquis hauing spent that day in consultations and in ordring all things necessary for the army the next day which was the three and twentith day of Iuly the two fleets were at sea their prowes turned as if they ment to fight which it is verie likely they had done instantly if so bee that a calme had not kept them from ioyning After dinner the vvinde grovving somevvhat fresh the Marquis thinking that the French vvho had the vvinde vvould haue charged him and hee preparing to receiue them hee saw them bend their course towards the Island of Santa Maria fifty miles distant from that of Saint Michel the which the Spanish fleet did in like manner coasting one an other and turning their sailes sometimes on the one side sometimes on the other vntill that night came which was very calme so as the French could not execute their deseigne which was to haue sent ten ships of warre along the Island to get behind the Spanish fleet with an intent to charge them the next day in front and 〈◊〉 â—ithier side
Cerdagne an vsurper in the yere 8â—8 First proprietarie Earle D. GEOFFREY the hairie obtained Cattelogne in proprietie vnder the Soueraigntie of France in the yeare 884 of Charles the Groâ—â—e D. N. a Fleming his wife Children D. Rodolphus Abbot of Ripol and Bishop of Vrgel D. Geoffrey D. Myr. D. Seniofrid Earle of Vrgel who was father to D. Borel Earle c. D. Armingol Bishop of Vrgel One daughter II. D. MYR sonne to D. Geoffrey in the yere 914 he held the Countie 15 yeres his sonnes were Children D. Seniofrid earle D. Oliban called Cheurette earle of Cerdagne Besalu father to Bernard called Breake-yron father to William the fat earle of Besalu father to Bernard Guillen also Earle of Besalu D. Myr Earle and Bishop of Girone D. Geoffrey earl of Cerdagne who had fiue sonnes Raymond Geffroy earle of Cerdagne father to VVilliam Raymond earl of Cerdagne father to D. William Iourdaine Earle of Cerdagne D. Bernard D. William D. Henry D. Geffrey Guinard Archbishop of Narbone D. Berenger Geoffrey Bishop of Girone D. William Geoffrey Bishop of Vrgel D. Geoffrey Earle of Bergade D. Oliban Bishop of Vic of Ossone III. D. SENIOFRID sonne to D. Myr in the yere 919 he ruled vnder the gouernment of his vncle the Earle of Vrgel and alone about 38 yeres D. MARIA Infanta of Nauarre daughter to the King D. Sancho Abarca his wife by whom he had not any children IIII. D. BORELL sonne to D. Seniofrid Earle of Vrgel succeeded his cousin D. Seniofrid in the Countie of Barcelona by right of intrusion yet some pretend an insufficiencie in D. Oliban brother to the deceased in the yere 967. D. LEODEGAâ—DE his first wife mother to D. Raymond Borel D. ARMERVDE or as some write Engelrade his second wife Children D. Ermengauld Earle of Vrgel D. Borella a Nunne V. D. RAYMOND BOREL sonne to the Earle D. Borel in the yere 993 and held the Earledome 24 yeres D. SANCHA his wife mother to D. Berenger Borel VI. D. BERENGER BOREL sonne to D. Raymond in the yere 1017 he ruled 18 yeres The name of his wife is vncertaine Children D. Raymond Berenger D. William Berenger D. Sancho Berenger a Priot VII D. RAYMOND BERENGER sonne to D. Berenger Borel in the yere 1035 he ruled 41 yeares D. RADALMVRS his first wife D. Pedro Raymond D. Berenger Raymond D. ALMODIA a French Ladie descended from those Lords which ruled then in Languedoc by whom the house of Barcelona got the rights it hath had to Carcassone and other lands in that countrey by her D. Raymond had D. Raymond Berenger Earle D. Lucia Countesse of Paliars by her mariage with the Earle of Arâ—al VIII D. RAYMOND BERENGER the Young and third of that name sonne to D. Raymond Berenger 2 in the yere 1076 he held the Earledome of Barcelone six yeres D. ALMODIA daughter to Robert Guichard Duke of Ponglia his wife mother to D. Raymond Arnould IX D. RAYMOND ARNOVLD sonne to D. Raymond Berenger and 4 of that name in the yeare 1082 he ruled 48 yeares D. DOVLCE Countesse of Prouence daughter to Cont Gilabert or Gibert his wife mother to D. Berenguela Queene of Castille D. Raymond Berenger Prince of Arragon D. Berenger Raymond Earle of Prouence One daughter maried to Amery Vicont of Narbona Another daughter maried to Cont Roger some cal him Bernard de Foix. X. D. RAYMOND BERENGER fift of that name sonne to D. Raymond Arnould in the yeare 1131 he ruled 31 yeares D. PETRONELLA daughter to the king D. Ramir the Monke by which mariage the realme of Arragon and the Earledome of Cattelogne or Barcelone were vnited they had Children D. Raymond who was afterwards called Alphonso king of Arragon D. Pedro. D. Sancho D. Adoncia Queene of Portugall One daughter maried to the Earle of Vrgel D. RAYMOND afterwards Alphonso sonne to D. Raymond Berenger the fift king of Arragon and Earle of Barcelone in the yeare 1162 his posteritie is in the line of Arragon Line of Portugall HENRIE of Besanson or of Lorrain was first Earl of Portugal about the yere 1090 by his mariage with D. THERESA daughter to D. Alphonso the sixt king of Leon and Castille to whom that countrey was giuen in dowrie Their children were D. Alphonso Henriques King D. Theresa Henriques Another daughter maried to D. Ferdinand Mendes First King of Portugall D. ALPHONSO HENRIQVES succeeding his father in the Earldome of Portugal in the yere 1112 tooke vpon him the title of King about the yere 1139 and held that country 72 yeres D. MALFADA MANRIQVE de Lara his wife Children D. Sancho King of Portugall D. Vrraca Queene of Leon. D. Theresa Countesse of Flanders D. Malfada Bastard D. Pedro Alphonso II. D. SANCHO first of that name sonne to D. Alphonso in the yeare 1184 he raigned 28 yeares D. Aâ—â—ONCIA or DOVLCE daughter to D. Raymond Berenger Earle of Barcelone mother to Children D. Alphonso King D. Ferdinand Earle of Flanders D. Pedro Earle of Vrgel in Arragon D. Henrique D. Theresa wife to D. Alphonso of Leon. D. Malfada Queene of Castille D. Sancha a Nunne D. Blanche D. Berenguela By D. Maria Aires a concubine he had Bastards D. Vrraca D. Martin of Portugall By D. Maria Peres of Ribera another concubine Bastards D. Theresa Sanches D. Gil Sanches of Portugall D. Constance Sanches D. Râ—y Sanches of Portugall III. D. ALPHONSO second of that name son to the King of D. Sancho in the yere 1212 he raigned 11 yeares D. Sancho D. Alphonso D. Ferdinand D. Leonora Queene of Denmarke By a concubine a Moore D. Alphonso Martines IIII. D. SANCHO called Capello second of that name sonne to D. Alphonso the second in the yeare 1223 he raigned in troubles vnto the yeare 1257 for then by reason of his incapacitie D. Alphonso his brother was called to the gouernement of Portugall D. MENCIA LOPES his wife by whom he had no children V. D. ALPHONSO third of that name brother to D. Sancho of a Regent and Gouernor he made himselfe king of Portugall about the yeare 1257 and raigned two and twentie yeares MAHAVLT or MATIIDE Countesse of Boullen his lawfull wife mother to D. Ferdinand or Peter D. Robert This king D. Alphonso to be supported in his designes to raigne by the fauour of Castille left his lawfull wife Mahault Countesse of Boullen and maried in her life time with the daughter of D. Alphonso called the Wise king of Castille D. BEATRIX a bastard his wife by whom he had D. Denis king D. Alphonso D. Blanche a nun D. Constance By a concubine or by diuers he had D. Leonora D. Ferdinand Alphonso of Portugall VI. D. DENIS sonne to D. Alphonso the third in the yeare 1279 hee raigned 46 yeares D. ISABEL of Arragon daughter to the king D. Pedro his wife mother to Children D. Constance Queene of Castille D. Alphonso king of Portugall D. Pedro Earle of Portalegre D. Alphonso Sanches a bastard Some write that the lawfull children of D. Denis and D.
safe-keeping The Infant beeing much discontented at the taking of this knight not knowing what he had confessed came to the king at Senlâ—s hauing a safe conduct and besought him to deliuer this prisoner to whom the king answered that he wold not deliuer him but would cause his processe to be made and his fathers also meaning to confiscate all the lands he had within his kingdome and moreouer he commanded him not to depart from Court without leaue He also called Baldwin Belloferant before him The Infant of Nauarre staid and inioyned him to deliuer into his hands or of his captaines all the places and forts which he held for the king of Nauarre the which Baldwin not able to auoid promised to do and tooke an oath notwithstanding the king gaue him a guard vntill he had performed what he had promised Fernand of Ayanes a knight of Nauarre and Gouernor for the king of Nauar of his lands in Normandie was also apprehended with many others who were sent to Paris with Iames of Rue and Peter of Esâ—ampes Thereupon the king did write vnto all Princes and Potentates strangers touching these imprisonments making great complaints of the king of Nauar his brother-in-law and soone after he began sharpe war against the Nauarrois in Normandie whereof Philip the Hardy duke of Bourgongne the kings brother Lewis duke of Bourbon and the Constable Bertrand of Guesclin were the chiefe Commanders who in a short space tooke most of the townes and forts which the king of Nauarre held in that countrie there remaining nothing in a manner but Cherbourg the which beeing held by the English maintained the seege 7. moneths and yet the French could not take it In the mean time the king caused D. Pedro the second son of Nauarre and his daughter Mary to bee taken at Breteuil whom notwithstanding he kept in a free prison and very honorably At the same time there was a Secretary of the king of Nauars called Peter of Tertre taken in the castle of Bernay of whom by tortures they discouered many practises of the king his masters He with Iames of Rue were condemned to die and their bodies being quartered were hanged in diuers places entring into the citie of Paris These newes heard in Nauarre the king D. Charles was wonderfully troubled as well for the imprisonment of his children as for the losse of his countrie and the Infanta D. Leonora his daughter-in-law was no lesse afflicted and that which did most disquiet him was that the king to iustifie the imprisonment of his children had informed all Christian Princes of his actions and had incensed them against him especially D. Henry king of Castile against whom he had caried himselfe disdainfully in all his actions notwithstanding the alliances and accords made newly betwixt them And as he was of a harsh disposition rash and without gouernement he beganne to contriue many bad dâ—sseines to preuent such as he feared and now he repented the death of Don Rodrigo of Vrris from whome hee had drawne so many good seruices and the banishment of many other knights of whom he had then great need but he hoped the English would bee a good support for him at all euents and vpon this ground he resolued to surprize the towne of Logrogno which was the Rampier of Castile against Nauarre presuming that he should amaze the king Don Henry by this exploite Desperate disposiâ—ion of Charles king of Nauarre if it succeeded or hinder him greatly and let others vnderstand that he was not altogether daunted but seeing that the place was well manned and carefully guarded by Don Pedro Manriques Gouernor of that frontier hee sought to corrupt him with promises of great aduancement in Nauarre and twentie thousand doublons in hand Don Pedro who was a faithfull seruant to the king of Castile his master and withall a Knight of honour aduertised the king Don Henry who was then at Seuile of all this practise which newes the king receiued at the instant when as the French kings ambassadours came to Seuile to presse him to make warre against the king of Nauarre which made the king Don Henry more tractable to yeeld to that which they demanded writing to Don Pedro that he should entertaine this bargaine with the king of Nauarre and that hee should seeke to take him in Logrogno and there to keepe him prisoner Don Pedro hauing receiued this answer made all possible demonstrations that he desired to satisfie the king of Nauarre and appointed him a conuenient time to deliuer him the towne receiuing part of the double Ducats In the meane time he drew secretly into Logrogno a good supply of soldiers and the better to assure the execution of this enterprize without hazard the king D. Henry caused Don Pedro Gonçales of Mendoça to enter into Nauarret with sixe hundred Lances who gaue it out that he had a quarrell with Don Pedro Manriques Matters being thus disposed there remained nothing but for the King of Nauarre to shew his indiscretion and to enter into Logrogno the which he was resolued to do so blind he was in his desire notwithstanding that all his Councell had disswaded him assuring him that Don Pedro was not a Knight that would commit such a trecherie against his King and Lord and that of necessitie he must beleeue he meant to deceiue him yea they did wholly oppose themselues against this enterprise shewing him the mischiefe which would ensue by his breach of peace with the king of Castile Notwithstanding all this good aduice King Charles failed not to come at the time appointed to the bridge of Logrogno with foure hundred lances Martin Henriques carrying the Standard royall Don Pedro Manriques came foorth to meet him and drew the kings men into the Town without any brute where their lodgings were alreadie made and expecting to bring in the king he inuited him very courteously but suddenly bethinking himselfe of the misâ—hiefe whereinto he runne and repenting that he had drawne so many men into danger he retired from the bridge towards Viane telling D. Pedro that he wold not enter for that time in person but it should be the next day and that there were ynough to execute that which they had concluded This was a happy inspiration for if hee had entred he had neuer returned with libertie nor Crowne Don Pedro Manriques seing that the prey was escaped caused all the Nauarrois that were entred The Nauaâ—rois spoâ—led in Logâ—ogno to be stript whereof some were slaine and others prisoners yet many escaped leaping ouer the wals and rampiers by the riuer and other passages which they found yea Martin Henriques who carried the Standard seing the alarme and how they were circumuented keeping his Standard fast hee recouered the bridge where he was enuironed round about by the enemie but he desended himself very valiantly In the end seeing he had no meanes to make his passage he threw himselfe off the bridge into the riuer
yeeld to their mercy Those of the towne hauing vnderstood the Kings resolution by their deputies did say that in regarde they went about to take away the liberty of their persons they were resolued to hang fiue hundred Christian prisoners on the walls and then to come forth euery man with his sword in hand and to dye fighting the King sent them word that if they did put one Christian to death hee would without any mercy put them all to the edge of the sword Those of Malaga once againe sent foureteene Moores of euery quarter of their Citty to the Campe who brought with them a writing which they shewed for an example of the deceased Kings of Castiles clemencie vsed to the subiugated Moores and with great humillity they begged for mercy Diuers of the Lords and Captaines were of opinion to put all that raskally obstinate nation to death who were enemies to the name of a Christian but the Queenes more iust and Christian-like opinion was followed which was to saue all their liues Then the King wrote back to them that their liues were onely granted and no more whereat the Moores being much astonied were at strife amongst themselues some beeing of opinion to make a desperate sally vpon the Christians with their weapons and to set fire on the Citty and all the wealth thereof following the examples of certaine townes of Spaine in antient times but they who thought it better to become slaues did preuaile Thus was the Citty of Malaga yeelded The Citty of Malaga yeelded the great Commander of Leon entring first into it with his troopes in armes by meanes of hostages who seazed vpon the Citty towers and Fortes thereof and hauing disarmed the Moores of all their weapons and munition all people of both sexes and of all ages were assembled in the two base Courts of the Castle of Alcaçauo where most lamentable cryes of Morish men and women were heard lamenting their liberty and goodly Citty lost with their Fortes Towers and Castles which could not defend her Cittizens liues nor giue them buriall after their death Among the multitude twelue renegades Christians were found who serued as spyes for the Moores who were stricken thorow with Darts and so slaine the Christian prisoners were deliuered and sent home to their houses fauoured and rewarded by the Kings Two other Sea townes neere to Malaga were likewise taken and the Moores made slaues by Pedro de Vera whom the King had sent thither After that all things were surely possessed by the Christians in Malaga the Bishops and Clergie made their entrance who performed the accustomed ceremonies purifications dedications with such other solemnities as wee haue heretofore written and the Kings hauing at the same time receiued a Bull from Pope Innocent by the which hee granted them and their successors authority to name and appoint Bishops and other Ecclesiasticall dâ—gnities needfull in the Realme of Granado it was thought fit to restore the Bishops Sea to the Citty of Malaga Don Pedro de Toleno Bishop of Malaga as it had beene in times past and Don Pedro de Toledo was chosen Bishop of the same who was a Channon of Siuill a man of great learning and merit who was confirmed therein by the Pope vnto whom the Kings sent a hundred Moores Gomeres of Affrick for a present and to Queene Ioane of Naples the Kings sister fifty Morish maides and thirty to the Queene of Portugall of all the other slaues the third part of them was diuided among the Lords Knights Gentlemen and Captaines of the Campe an other third part was imployed for the redemption and exchange of Christian Captines and an other third part remained to the Kings towards their great costs and charges sustained in that siege the which lasted three moneths and one day which was the eighteene of August this yeare 1487. The order and gouernement of the Cittie beeing disposed the commaund thereof was giuen to Don Garcia Fernandes Manrique who had beene Corrigidor of Cordoua The Iudges Rectors and Iurates with other Officers of iustice beeing established the goods were distributed to such as were receiued for new inhabitants who were prouided of good and wholesome lawes though fit and necessarie for those times These matters with others beeing dispatched the King and Queene returned victorious and triumphant to Cordoua where they were no sooner arriued but they began to thinke vppon necessarie prouisions for the next yeares warre for seeing they had had so happie successe alreadie they were very loth to giue it ouer by any interruption whatsoeuer In the interim of these great businesses the strifes of diuers Arragonois did still trouble the Kings eares for that in regard of his long absence all appeales comming before the Magistrate whom they call Iustice of Arragon all euident wrongs excesses and outrages committed by the great ones were with partialitie drawne out in length The Kings left Cordoua and came to Sarragossa where they assembled the Estates to redresse those insolencies which were complayned of The Estates beeing perswaded by the Vice-chancellor of the Kingdome whom the King had appoynted to speake vnto them did relinquish diuers poynts of their pretended rights and liberties and did suffer many things to be reformed and namely they were content to establish the Courts of iustice of the Hermandades or brotherhoods Hermandades in Arragon after the manner of Castile a most profitable and necessarie matter for the whole countrie and did besides that obtaine great subsidies of money for the King towards the wars of Granado Inquisition in Arragon And because the Inquisition brought great profite to the Kings coffers in Castile of the goods of the Iewes and Moores which were reuolted to their foolish superstitions it was decreed that like proceeding should be vsed against them in Arragon and Iudges appointed to make their definitiue sentence One of the sayd Commissioners had like to haue beene slayne by those manner of people on a morning in the Church of Sarragossa which gaue them occasion to enquire more diligently of such as were faulty wherein choller greedinesse of gaine and desire to fill the kings coffers made them greatly to exceed the which the practise of their successours at this day can very well witnesse the obstinate were burned and those which did reconcile themselues or were in any fault at all were fleeced to the very quicke The Kings passing into the Realme of Valencia which was troubled with the same diseases did call the Estates to Orihuela where they made diuers goodly Edicts Whilest the Court lay at Valencia there entred into Cattalonia an Ambassador from the French king Charles the eighth sent to King Fernand who sent to meete him and to let him vnderstand that vnlesse he brought with him the restitution of the Earledome of Rossillon he might returne from whence hee came King Fernand refuseth to heare or see the French Ambassadour and for ought that the Ambassadour could say or do he