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A17848 Remaines of a greater worke, concerning Britaine, the inhabitants thereof, their languages, names, surnames, empreses, wise speeches, poësies, and epitaphes; Remaines concerning Britain Camden, William, 1551-1623. 1605 (1605) STC 4521; ESTC S107408 169,674 306

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of Bergeuenny and of many other great Lordships whose body resteth here vnder this tombe in a full faire vaulte of stone set in the bare roche The which visited with long sicknesse in the castle of Rohan therein deceased full Christianly the last day of Aprill in the yeare of our Lord God 1439. he being at that time Lieutenant generall of France and of the Duchie of Normandie by sufficient authoritie of our Soueraigne Lord King Henry the sixt The which body by great deliberation and worshipfull conduct by sea and by land was brought to Warwicke the fourth of October the yeare abou●said and was laid with full solemne exequies in a faire Chest made of Stone in the West dore of this Chappell according to his last Will and Testament therein to rest till this Chappell by him deuised in his life were made the which Chappell founded on the Roche and all the members therof his executors did fully make apparail by the auctority of his said last Will Testament And therafter by the said auctoritie they did translate worshipfully the said body into the vaulte aforesaid Honoured be God therefore His sister the Countesse of Shrewsbury was buried in Saint Faithes vnder S. Paules at London with this Here before the image of Ihesu lyeth the Worshipfull and right noble Lady Margaret Countesse of Shrouseburie late wife of the true victorious Knight redoubted Warriour Iohn Talbot Earle of Shrousebury which worshipfully died in Gien for the right of this lond the first daughter and one of the heires of the right famous and renowned Knight Richard Beauchampe late Erle of Warwicke which died in Roane and of dame Elizabeth his wife the which Elizabeth was daughter and heire to Thomas late Lord Berkely on his syd and of 〈◊〉 moders side Lady Lisle and Ties which Countesse passed from this world the xiiii day of Iune the yeare of our Lord 1468. On whose soule the Lord haue mercy For that valerous Earle her husband the terror of France I found no Epitaph but insteed thereof I will giue you ●o vnderstand that not long since his sworde was found in the riuer of Dordon and solde by a pesant to an Armorour of Burdeaux with this inscription but pardon the Latin for it was not his but his Camping priests SVM TALBOTI M. IIII.C.XLIII PRO VINCERE INIMICO MEO This inscription following is in the Cathedrall Church at Roan in Normandie for Iohn Duke of Bedford and Gouernour of Normandie Sonne to King Henry the fourth buried in a faire plaine monument which when a French Gentleman aduised Charles the eight French King to deface as being a monument of the English victories he said Let him rest in peace now he is dead whom we feared while he liued Cy gist feu de noble memoire haut puissant prince Iean en son viuant regent du Royaume de France Duc de Bethfort pour lequel est fondè vne Messe estre par chacun iour perpetuellement celebr●e en cest autel par le college des Clementins incontine●● apres prime trespassa le 13. Septembre 1435. Au quel 13. iour semblablement est fondè po●r luy vn obït en ceste eglise Dieu face pardon à soname Vpon an auncient Knight Sir Iernegan buried Crosse-legd in Somerly in Suffolke some hundred yeares since is written Iesus Christ both God and man Saue thy seruant Iernegan Happy prudent K. Henry the 7. who stopped the streames of ciuill bloud which so long ouer-flowed England left a most peaceable state to his posteritie hath his magnificall monument at Westminster inscribed thus Septimus hic situs est Henricus gloria regum Cunctorum illius qui tempestate fuerunt Ingenio atque opibus gestarum nomine rerum Accessere quibus naturae dona benignae Frontis honos facies augusta heroica forma Iunctaque ei suauis coniunx perpulchra pudica Et faecunda fuit foelices prole parentes Henricum quibus octauum terra Anglia debes Hic iacet Henricus huius nominis VII Angliae quondam rex Edmundi Richmundiae Comitis filius qui die 22. Aug. Rex creatus statim post apud Westmonasterium 30. Octob. coronatur anno Domini 1485. moritur deinde xxi April anno aetatis Liii Regnauit annos xxii mens viii minùs vno die This following I will note out of Hackney Church that you may see that the Clergie were not alwaies anticipating and griping many liuings by this worthy man which relinquished great dignities and refused greater Christopherus Vrswicus Regis Henrici Septimi Elemozinaerius vir sua aetate clarus summatibus atque infimatibus iuxtà charus Ad exteros reges vndecies pro patria legatus Decanatū Eboracensem Archidiaconatum Richmundiae Decanatū Windsoriae habitos viuens reliquit Episcopatū Norwicensem oblatum recusauit Magnos honores totâ vita spreu●t frugali vita contentus hic viuere hic mori voluit Plenus annorū obi●● ab omnibus desideratus Funeris pompam etiam testamento vetuit Hic sepultus carnis resurrectionem in aduentum Christi expectat Obijt anno Christi incarnati 1521. Die 23. Martij Anno aetatis suae 74. This testamentarie Epitaph I haue read in an ould Manuscript Terram terra tegit Daemon peccata resumat Res habeat Mundus spiritus alta petat The name of the defunct is as it were enigmatically expressed in this ould epitaph Bis fuit hic natus puer bis bis iuuenisque Bis vir bisque senex bis doctor bisque sacerdos In the Cathedrall church of S. Pauls in London a stone is inscribed thus without name Non hominem aspiciam vltra OBLIVIO This man yet would not willingly haue bene forgotten when he adioyned his Armes to continue his memorye not vnlike to Philosophers which prefixde their names before their Treatises of contemning glorie Another likewise suppressing his name for his Epitaph did set downe this goodly admonition Looke man before thee how thy death hasteth Looke man behind thee how thy life wasteth Looke on thy right side how death thee desireth Looke on thy left side how sinne thee beguileth Looke man aboue thee ioyes that euer shall last Looke man beneth thee the paines without rest The Abott of S. Albanes which lieth buried there in the high Quire suppressed his name as modestly as any other in this Hic quidam terra tegitur Peccato soluens debitum Cuius nomen non impositum In libro vitae sit inscriptum In the Cloister on the north side of S. Pauls now ruinated one had this inscription vpon his Graue without name VIXI PECCAVI PAENITVI NATVRAE CESSI Which is as Christian as that was prophane of the Romane AMICI DVM VIVIMVS V●VAMVS Queene Iane who died in Child birth of King Edward the sixt and vsed for her deuice a Phaenix has this therevnto alluding for her Epitaph Phenix Iana iacet nato Phaenice doendum Secula Phaenices nulla tulisse duos The noble
Nursenames came these pardon me if it offend any for it is but my coniecture Bill for William Clem for Clement Nat for Nathaniel Mab for Abraham Kit for Christopher Mund for Edmund Hall for Harry At and Atty for Arthur Cut for Cuthberd Mill for Miles Baul and Bald for Baldwin Ran for Randal Crips for Crispin Turk for Turktetill Sam for Sampson or Samuell Pipe for Pipard Gib for Gilbert Dan for Daniel Greg for Gregory Bat for Barthobnewe Law for Lawrence 〈◊〉 for Timothy Rol for Rolland Ieff for Ieffrey Dun for Duncan or Dunstan Duke for Marmaduke Daye for David God For Godfrey or Godard for otherwise I cannot imagine how that most holy name vnfit for a man and not to be tolerated should be appropriate to any man and many such like which you may learne of Nurses By adding of S to these Nicknames or Nursenames in all probabilitie we have Robins Nicks Nicolls Tho●s Dickes Hickes Wills Sims Sams Iecks Iucks Collins Ienks Munds Hodges Hobs Dobi Saunders from Alexander Gibs from Gilbert Cuts from Cuthberd Bats from Barthol●●we Wats from Walter Philips from Philip Hai●es from Anulphus as some will for Ainulphesbury in Cambridgshire is contracted to Aiusbury and such like Many likewise have beene made by adioyning Ki●● and Ius to those nursenames making them in Ki●s as it were diminutives those in Ius as Patronymica For so Alfric Archbishop of Canterbury the most ancient Saxon Grammarian of our Nation noteth that names taken from Progenitours do end in Ins so Dickins that is little Dick Perkins from Peir or Peter little Petre so Tomkins Wilkins Hutchins Huggins Higgins Hitchins from Hughe Lambkins Hopkins Hobkins from Hob Dobbin● Robbins Atkins from Arthur Gibbins Simkins Hodgekins Hoskins Watkins Ienkins Iennings Tipkins from Tibald Daukins from Davy Rawlins from Ra●ul that is Rafe and Hankin for Rand●ll in Cheshire In this manner did the Romans very names as Constans Constantius Constantinus Iustus Iustulus Iustinus Iustinianus Aurelius Aureolus Aurelianus Augustus Augustinus Augustinianus Augustulus c Beside these there are also other diminitive names after the French Analogie in Et or Ot as Willet from Will Haket from Hake Bartlet from Bartholmew Millet from Miles Huet from Hughe Allet from Allan Collet from Cole Guyet from Guy Eliot from Elias and Beckvet that is Little Sharpe nose But many more by addition of Son to the Christian or Nickname of the father as Williamson Richardson Dickson Harryson Gibson for Gilbertson Simson Simondson Stevenson Dauson for Davison Morison Lawson id est Lawrenson Robinson Cutbertson Nicholson Tomson Willson Leweson Iobson Waterson Watson Peerson and Pierson Peterson Ha●son from Hankin Wilkinson Danison for Daniel Benison and Benson from Bennet Denison Patison from Patrick Ienkinson Matison from Mathew Colson from Cole or Nicholl Rogerson Herdson from Herdingson Hodgskinson Hugheson Hulson from Huldric Hodson from Hod or Odd● Nelson from Neale or Nigell Davidson Saunderson Iohnson Raulson from Raoul or Ralf So the ancient Romans vsed Publipor Marcip●r Lucipor for Publij puer Marci puer Lucij puer according to Varro As afterwards in the Capitolin Tables they were wont to note both father and grandfather for proofe of their gentry in abbreviations as A. Sempronius Aulifilius Lucij Nep●s that is 〈◊〉 Se●pronius sonne of Aulus grandchild or nephew of Lucius C. Martius L. F. C. N. c. Neither is it true which some say Omnia nomina in Son sunt boralis generis whenas it was vsuall in every part of the Realme Some also have had names from their mothers as Fitz-parnell Fitz-Isabell Fitz-Mary Fitz-Emme Mandle●s Susans Mawds Grace Emson c. As Vespasian the Emperour from Vespasia Polla his mother and Popaea Sabina the Empresse from her grandmother In the same sence it continueth yet in them which descended from the Normans Fitz-Hughe Fitz-william Fitz-Herbert Fitz-Geffrey Fitz-Simon Fitz-Alian Fitz-Owen Fitz-Randoll being names taken from their Progenitours as among the Irish Mac-william Mac-Cone Mac-Dermot Mac-Mahon Mac-Donell Mac-Arti .i. the sonne of Arthur So among the Welsh-Britans likewise Ap-Robert Ap-Evans Ab-Yihel Ap-Hary Ap-Hughe Ap-Rice Ap-Richard Ap-Howell Ap-Enion Ap-Owen Ap-Henry Ap-Rhud which be contracted into Probert Bevans Bythell Parry Pughe Price Prichard Powell Benion B●wen Peurbye Prud c. So in the borders of England and Scotland Gawis I●k for Iohn the sonne of Gawin Richies Edward for Edward the sonne of Richard Iony Riches Will for William the sonne of Iohn sonne of Richard The like I have heard to be in vse among the meaner sort in Cornwall Daintie was the devise of my Host at Grantham which would wisely make a difference of degrees in persons by the terminations of names in this word Son as betweene Robertson Robinson Robson Hobson Richardson Dickson and Dickinson Willson Williamson and Wilkinson Iackson Iohnson Ienkinson as though the one were more worshipful than the other by his degrees of comparison The names of aliance have also continued in some for surnames as where they of one family being of the same Christian name were for distinction called R. Le Frere Le Fitz Le Cosm that is Brother the Sonne c. all which passed in time into Surnames Many names also given in merriment for By-names or Nicke-names have continued to posteritie as Malduit for ill schollership or ill taught Mallieure commonly Mallyvery i. Malus Leporarins for ill hunting the hare Pater noster for devout praying The Frenchman which craftily and cleanely conveyed himselfe and his prisoner T Crioll a great Lord in Rent about the time of King Edward the second out of Fraunce and had therefore Swinfield given him by Crioll as I have read for his fine conveyance was then called Fineux and left that name to his posteritie So Baldwin le-Pettour who had his name and held his land in Suffolke Per saltum sufflum pettum sive bumbulum for dauncing pout-puffing and dooing that before the King of England in Christmasse holy dayes which the worde Pet signifieth in French Inquire if you vnderstand it not of Cloacinas chaplaines or such as are well read in A●ax Vpon such like occasions names were given among the Romans as Tremellius was called Scropha or Sow because when he had hid his neighbours Sow vnder a padde and commanded his wife to lie dovvne thereon he sware when the owner came in to seeke the Sow that hee had no Sow but the great Sow that lay there poynting to the padde and the Sow his vvife So one Cornelius was surnamed Asina for that when he was to put in assurance for payment of certaine summes in a purchase hee brought his Asse laden with money and made ready payment So Augustus named his dwarfe Sarmentum i. sprigge and Tiberius called one Tricongius for carowsing three gallons of wine So Servilius was called Ala for carrying his dagger vnder his arme-pit vvhen hee killed Spurius So Pertinax the Emperor being stubbernly resolute in his youth to be a wood monger as his father vvas
Geffrey the sonne of Robert Fitz-Maldred and Isabel his wife heire of the Norman house of the Nevilles tooke the name of Nevill and left it to his posteritie which was spread into very manie honourable families of England In like manner the sonne of Ioscelin of Lovan a yoonger sonne to the Duke of Brabant when he had married Agnes the onely daughter of William Lord Percy so named of Percy forrest in the county of Maen from whome they came and not of piercing the king of S●●ts through the 〈◊〉 as H●ct●r B●●tius fableth his sonne and posteritie vppon a composition with the same Lady tooke her name of Percy but retained theyr olde coate armour to shew from whome they descended So Adam de Montgomery marrying the daughter and heire of Carew of Molesford her sonne relinquishing his owne left to his posteritie his mothers name Carew from whom the Barons Carew the Carews of Haccomb of Berry of Authony Beddington c. have had their names and originall Likewise Ralph Gernon marrying the daughter of Cavendish or Candish left that name to his issue as Th Talbot a learned Genealogist hath prooved So Robert Meg the great favourite of king Iohn took the name of Braybrooke whereof his mother was one of the heires So sir Iohn de Haudlow marrying the daughter and heire of the Lorde Burnell his posteritie tooke the name of Burnell So sir Tibauld Russell tooke the name of De Gorges to him and his issue for that his mother was sister and one of the heirs of Ralfe de Gorges as it appeareth in the controversie betweene Warbleton and the saide Tibauld de Corges for the coate of Armes Lozengy Or and Azure 21. of Edward the third before Henry Earle of Lancaster and others at the siege of Saint Margaret Not many years since when Iames H●rsey had married the daughter of De-Le-vale of Northumberland his issue tooke the name of De-la-vale Heerevnto may they also bee referred who changed their names in remembrance of their Progenitours being more honourable as the sonnes of Geffrey Fitz-Petre tooke the name of Magnavilla or Mandevile when they came to be Earles of Essex because their grandmother Beatrix was of the house of Mandevile as appeareth by the Abby booke of Walden So Thomas de Molton tooke the name of Lucy and many other which I omit Others also have taken the name of them whose lands they had As when King Henry the first gave the lands of the attainted Robert Moubray Earle of Northumberland being 120. Knights fees in Normandy and 140. in England to Nigall or N●●le de 〈…〉 who in the battell at 〈◊〉 tooke Robert Duke of 〈◊〉 prisoner he commanded withall that his posteritie should take the Surname of Mo●bray which they accordingly did and retained the same as long as the issue male continued which determined in Iohn Mo●bray Duke of Norfolke in the time of King Edward the fourth whose heires were married into the families of Howard and Barkeley Remembrance of benefits made others to change their names as William Mortimer descended from those of Richards Castle tooke the name of La-Zouch and named his sonne Alan de la-Zouch for some favour received from the Lord Zouch of Ashby de la-Zouch as appeareth by Inquisition 11. 21. Ed. 3. In respect of adoption also very many in all ages have changed their names I neede not particulate it for all know it Some of their owne dislike of their names have altered them for as I have read in the booke of Fornesse William Fitz-Gilbert Baron of Kendall obtained licence of King Henry the second to change his name and call himselfe and his posteritie Lancaster from whom the Lancasters in Westm●rlaud c. are descended Heerevpon some thinke that without the Kings licence new names cannot be taken or old names given away to others Yet Tiraquell the great Civilian of France in Leg. quin. Conub Tit. 92. seemeth to incline that both name and Armes may be transferred by will and testament and produceth Augustus who by his Testament commanded Tiberius and Livia to beare his name How in former times Herevile Dunvile Clauwowe gave and granted away their Armes which are as silent names distinctions of families and the same was thought vnlawfull afterward when the Lord 〈◊〉 would have done the same shall be declared in more convenient place But the inconvenience of change of names hath beene discovered to be such in France that it hath beene pr●pounded in 〈◊〉 at 〈◊〉 that it should not be permitted but in these two respects eyther when one should bee made heire to any with especiall words to assume the name of the testatour or when any one should have a donation surmounting a thousand crownes vpon the same condition But to retyre to our purpose Not a few have assumed the names of their fathers Baronies as in former times the issue of Richard Fitz-Gilbert tooke the name of Clare which was their Barony and in late time since the Suttons came to the Barony of Dudley all their issue tooke the name of Dudleyes that I may omit others The dislike of others hath caused also a change of names for King Edward the first disliking the iteration of Fitz commanded the Lord Iohn Fitz-Robert a most ancient Baron whose Ancestours had continued their Surnames by their fathers Christian names to leave that manner and to be called Iohn Clavering which was the capitall seate of his Barony And in this time many that had followed that course of naming by Fitz tooke them one setled name and retained it as Fitz Walter and others Also at that time the names of Thomson Richardson Willson and other of that forme began to be setled which before had varied according to the name of the father Edward the fourth likewise as I have heard loving some whose name was Picard would often tell them that hee loved them well but not their names wherevpon some of them changed their names and I have heard that one of them which tooke the name of Ruddle being the place of his birth in that respect And in late yeares in the time of King Henry the eight an ancient worshipfull gentleman of Wales being called at the panniell of Iury by the name of Thomas Ap William Ap Thomas Ap Richard Ap Hoel Ap Evan Vaghan c. was advised by the Iudge to leave that old manner Wherevpon he after called himselfe Moston according to the name of his principall house and left that Surname to his posterity Offices have brought new names to divers families as when Edward Fitz-Th●●bald of Ireland the Earles of Ormond and others descended from them tooke the name of Butler So the distinct families of the Constables in the County of Yorke are saide to have taken that name from some of their Ancestours which bare the office of Constables of some Castles In Like manner the Stewards Marshalls Spencers That I may say nothing of such as for well acting on the stage have carried
when he succeeded Ochus in the kingdome of Persia called himselfe by the princely name Darius So new names were given to them which were deified by the Paganish consecration as Romulus was called Quirmus Melicertus was called Portunus and Palaemon Likewise in adoptions into better families and testament as the sonne of L. Aemilius adopted by Scipio tooke the name of Scipio Africanus So Augustus who was first named Thureon tooke the name of Octavian by testament by enfranchising also into new Citties as he which first was called Lucumo when he was infranchised at Rome tooke the name of Lucius Tarquinius Priscus So Demetrius Mega when he was there made free of the Citty was called Publius Cornelius Cicero Epist 36. lib. 13. Likewise slaves when they were manumised tooke often their masters names whenas they had but one name in their servile state As they which have read Artemidorus do know how a slave who when he dreamed he had tria virilia was made free the next morning and had three names given him Neither is it to be forgotten that men were not forbidden to change name or surname by the rescript of Dioclesian L. Vinc. c. de mutat nom so be that it were Sine aliqua fraude iure licito As that great Philosopher which was first called Malchus in the Syrian tongue tooke the name of Porphyrius as Eunapius reporteth as before Suetonius the Historian looke to surname 〈◊〉 whenas his father was Suetonius L●uis Those notvvithstanding of strange base parentage were forbidden L. super 〈◊〉 c. de quaest to insert or inthrust themselves into noble and honest families by changing their names which will growe to inconvenience in England as it is thought by reason that Surnames of honourable and worshipfull families are given now to meane mens children for Christian names as it is growen nowe in Fraunce to the confusion of their Gentry by taking new names from their purchased landes at their pleasures Among the Romans nevertheles they that were called ad Equestrem ordinem having base names were new named nomine ingenuorum veterumque Romanorum lest the name should disgrace the dignitie when according to Plato comely things should have no vncomely names It was vsuall amongest the Christians in the Primitive church to change at Baptisme the names of Catechu●e●i which were in yeeres as that impious Renegado that was before called Lucius was in his Baptisme called Lucianus So the Popes vse to change their names when they enter into the Papaci● which as Plati●a saith was begunne by Pope Sergius the second who first changed his name for that his former name was Hogges-mouth but other referre the change of names in Popes to Christ who changed Simon into Peter Iohn and Iames into Bonarges Onely Marcellus not long since chosen Pope refused to chaunge his name saying Marcellus I was and Marcellus I will be I will neither change Name nor Manners Other religious men also when they entred into some Orders chaunged their name ●n times past follovving therein as they report the Apostle that chaunged his name from Saule to Paule after he entred into the Ministery borrovving as some say that name from Sergius Paulus the Roman lievtenant but as other will from his lovve stature for hee was but three cubites high as Saint Chrysostome speaking of him Tricubitalis ille tamen coelum ascendit Of changing also Christian names in Confirmation we have saide before but overpassing these forraine matters let vs say somewhat as concerning chaunge of names in England As among the French in former time and also nowe the heire tooke the fathers surname and the yonger sonnes tooke names of their landes allotted vnto them So likewise in times past did they in England and the most common alteration proceeded from place of habitation As if Hugh of Suddington gave to his second sonne his Mannour of Frydon to his third sonne his Mannour of Pantley to his fourth his Wood of Albdy the sonnes calld thems●lves De Frydon De Pantley De Albdy and their posteritie removed De. So Hugh Montfortes second sonne called Richard being Lord of Hatton in Warwickeshire tooke the name of Hatton So the yongest sonne of Simon de Montfort Earle of Leicester staying in England when his father was slaine and brethren fled tooke the name of Welsborne as some of that name have reported So the name of Ever came from the Mannour of Ever neere Vxbridge to yonger sonnes of L. Iohn Fitz-Robert de Clavering from whom the Lorde Evers and sir Peter Evers of Axholme are descended So sir Iohn Cradocke knight great grandfather of sir Henry Newton of Somersetshire tooke first the name of Newton which was the name of his habitation as the issue of Huddard in Cheshire tooke the name of Dutton Bnt for varietie and alteration of names in one familie vpon divers respects I will give you one Cheshire example for all out of an antient roule belonging to sir William Brerton of Brerton knight which I sawe twenty yeares since Not long after the Conquest William Bellward lord of the moietie of Malpasse had two sonnes Dan-David of Malpasse surnamed Le Clerke and Richard Dan-David had William his eldest sonne surnamed De Malpasse from whom the Baron Dudley is descended by heire generall His second sonne was named Philip Gogh one of the issue of whose eldest sonnes tooke the name of Egerton a third sonne tooke the name of David 〈◊〉 and one of his sonnes the name of Goodm●● Richard the other sonne of the aforesaid William Belward had three sonnes who tooke also divers names viz. Thomas de C●tgrave William de Overton and Richard Little who had two sonnes the one named Ken-clarke and the other Iohn Richardson Heerein you may note alteration of names in respect of habitation in Egerton Cotgrave Overton in respect of colour in G●g● that is Red in respect of qualitie in him that was called Goodm●n in respect of stature in Richard Little in respect of learning in Ken-clarke in respect of the fathers Christian name in Richardson all descending from William Bellward And verily the Gentlemen of those so different names in Cheshire would not easily be induced to beleeve they were descended from one house if it were not warranted by so antient a proofe In respect of stature I could recite to you other examples but I will onely adde this which I have read that a yong Gentleman of the house of Preux being of tall stature attending on the Lord Hungerford Lord Treasourer of England was among his fellowes called Long H who after preferred to a good marriage by his Lorde was called H. Long that name continued to his posteritie knights and men of great worship Other took their mothers surnames as A. Audley yonger brother to Iames lord Audley marrying the daughter and heire of H. de Stanley left a sonne William that tooke the name of Stanley from whome Stanley Earle of Derby aud other of that name are descended