these_o grant_v a_o estate_n tail_n pass_v in_o the_o first_o without_o the_o word_n heir_n in_o the_o second_o without_o the_o word_n body_n in_o the_o three_o without_o either_o if_o the_o king_n by_o his_o steward_n grant_v a_o copyhold_n to_o a_o man_n and_o to_o his_o heir_n male_n or_o heir_n female_n no_o fee-simple_n pass_v because_o the_o lord_n never_o intend_v to_o pass_v such_o a_o estate_n if_o a_o copyhold_n be_v grant_v to_o a_o abbot_n and_o to_o his_o heir_n a_o estate_n for_o life_n only_o pass_v so_o if_o i_o grant_v a_o copyhold_n to_o a_o man_n in_o fee-simple_n ac_fw-la sanguini_fw-la svo_fw-la imperpetum_fw-la or_o sibi_fw-la &_o assign_v suis_fw-la impeâ—pectum_fw-la yet_o the_o word_n heir_n want_v no_o great_a estate_n than_o for_o life_n pass_v the_o same_o law_n be_v if_o a_o copyhold_n be_v grant_v to_o a_o man_n and_o to_o his_o heir_n as_o long_o as_o i._n s._n shall_v live_v this_o be_v only_o a_o estate_n per_fw-la anter_n vie_fw-fr &_o a_o rend_v limit_v upon_o this_o estate_n be_v good_a but_o if_o a_o copyhold_n be_v grant_v to_o a_o man_n and_o to_o his_o heir_n as_o long_o as_o such_o a_o tree_n shall_v grow_v in_o such_o a_o ground_n this_o be_v a_o good_a fee_n and_o a_o render_v limit_v upon_o it_o be_v void_a if_o a_o copyhold_n be_v grant_v to_o i._n s._n and_o i._n n._n &_o haeredibus_fw-la they_o be_v joint_a tenant_n for_o life_n and_o no_o inheritance_n pass_v unto_o either_o because_o of_o the_o uncertainty_n for_o want_v of_o this_o word_n suis_fw-la but_o if_o a_o copyhold_n be_v grant_v to_o i._n s._n only_o &_o haerend_a a_o good_a fee-simple_n pass_v without_o the_o word_n suis_fw-fr if_o a_o copyhold_n be_v grant_v to_o a_o man_n &_o haered_a bus_fw-la a_o estate_n tail_n do_v not_o pass_v for_o want_v of_o the_o word_n de_fw-fr corpore_fw-la and_o if_o a_o copyhold_n be_v grant_v to_o a_o man_n &_o liberis_fw-la aut_fw-la pver_fw-la suis_fw-fr de_fw-fr corpore_fw-la a_o estate_n tail_n do_v not_o pass_v for_o want_v of_o this_o word_n heir_n for_o what_o estate_n soever_o be_v intayle_n since_o the_o statute_n de_fw-fr donis_fw-la conditionalibus_fw-la be_v fee-simple_n conditional_a but_o this_o can_v be_v no_o fee-simple_n conditional_a before_o the_o statute_n without_o the_o word_n heir_n and_o therefore_o no_o intayle_v since_o the_o statute_n and_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n if_o a_o copyhold_n be_v grant_v to_o a_o man_n and_o to_o the_o issue_v male_n of_o his_o body_n a_o estate_n for_o life_n only_o pass_v if_o a_o copyhold_n be_v grant_v to_o a_o man_n without_o express_v any_o certain_a estate_n by_o implication_n of_o law_n a_o estate_n for_o life_n only_o pass_v and_o if_o i_o grant_v a_o copyhold_n to_o three_o habendum_fw-la successive_a they_o be_v joint_a tenant_n unless_o by_o special_a custom_n the_o word_n successive_a make_v their_o estate_n several_a thus_o much_o touch_v the_o creation_n of_o copyhold_n estate_n sec_n l._n the_o descent_n of_o copyhold_n of_o inheritance_n be_v guide_v and_o direct_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o common_a law_n as_o well_o as_o the_o creation_n of_o copyhold_n estate_n if_o a_o copyholder_n in_o fee-simple_n have_v issue_n a_o son_n and_o a_o daughter_n by_o one_o venture_n and_o a_o son_n by_o a_o other_o venture_n die_v and_o the_o son_n by_o the_o first_o venture_n enter_v and_o die_v the_o land_n shall_v descend_v to_o the_o daughter_n quia-possessio_a fratris_fw-la de_fw-la feodo_fw-la simplici_fw-la facit_fw-la sororem_fw-la esse_fw-la haeredem_fw-la but_o if_o a_o copyholder_n in_o tail_n have_v issue_n a_o son_n and_o a_o daughter_n by_o one_o venture_n and_o a_o son_n by_o another_o venture_n die_v and_o the_o son_n by_o the_o first_o venture_n enter_v and_o die_v the_o son_n of_o the_o second_o venture_n shall_v inherit_v if_o a_o man_n have_v issue_n a_o son_n and_o a_o daughter_n by_o one_o venture_n and_o a_o son_n by_o another_o venture_n the_o elder_a son_n purchase_v a_o copyhold_n in_o fee_n and_o die_v without_o issue_n the_o daughter_n shall_v have_v the_o land_n not_o the_o young_a son_n because_o he_o be_v but_o of_o the_o half_a blood_n to_o the_o other_o if_o a_o man_n have_v a_o copyhold_n by_o descent_n from_o his_o mother_n side_n if_o he_o die_v without_o issue_n the_o land_n shall_v go_v to_o the_o heir_n of_o the_o mother_n side_n and_o shall_v rather_o escheat_n than_o go_v to_o the_o heir_n of_o the_o father_n side_n but_o if_o i_o purchase_v a_o copyhold_n and_o die_v without_o issue_n the_o land_n shall_v go_v to_o the_o heir_n of_o my_o father_n side_n but_o if_o i_o have_v no_o heir_n of_o my_o father_n side_n it_o shall_v go_v to_o the_o heir_n of_o my_o mother_n side_n rather_o than_o escheat_n if_o there_o be_v father_n uncle_n and_o son_n and_o the_o son_n purchase_v a_o copyhold_n in_o fee_n and_o die_v without_o issue_n the_o uncle_n shall_v inherit_v and_o not_o the_o father_n because_o a_o inheritance_n may_v lineal_o descend_v but_o not_o ascend_v if_o there_o be_v three_o brother_n and_o the_o middle_a brother_n purchase_v a_o copyhold_n in_o fee_n and_o die_v without_o issue_n the_o elder_a shall_v inherit_v because_o the_o worthy_a of_o blood_n if_o there_o be_v two_o copartener_n or_o two_o tenant_n in_o common_a of_o a_o copyhold_n and_o one_o die_v have_v issue_n the_o issue_n shall_v inherit_v and_o not_o the_o other_o by_o the_o survivership_n but_o otherwise_o it_o be_v of_o two_o joint_a tenant_n shall_v i_o give_v way_n to_o my_o pen_n and_o write_v of_o this_o theme_n till_o i_o want_v matter_n to_o write_v on_o i_o shall_v make_v a_o large_a volume_n in_o dilate_v this_o one_o point_n therefore_o i_o will_v contract_v myself_o entreat_v you_o to_o supply_v by_o your_o private_a cogitation_n what_o i_o have_v either_o willing_o or_o unwitting_o pass_v over_o in_o silence_n only_o take_v this_o caveat_n by_o the_o way_n though_o all_o quality_n necessary_o incident_a to_o estate_n at_o the_o common_a law_n be_v likewise_o incident_a to_o copyhold_n estate_n yet_o the_o law_n be_v not_o so_o of_o collateral_a quality_n without_o special_a custom_n a._n co._n 4._o foe_n 22._o a._n and_o therefore_o a_o copyhold_n shall_v be_v no_o asset_n to_o the_o heir_n a_o descent_n of_o a_o copyhold_n shall_v not_o toll_v a_o entry_n a_o surrender_n make_v by_o tenant_n in_o tail_n admit_v a_o copyhold_n may_v be_v intayled_a or_o by_o a_o baron_n of_o a_o copyhold_n which_o he_o have_v in_o right_a of_o his_o wife_n shall_v make_v no_o discontinuance_n because_o these_o be_v collateral_a quality_n and_o not_o necessary_o incident_a thus_o much_o of_o the_o several_a estate_n of_o copy-holds_a together_o with_o their_o several_a quality_n incident_a to_o their_o several_a estate_n i_o come_v now_o in_o the_o first_o place_n to_o examine_v how_o copyholder_n be_v to_o implead_v and_o be_v implead_v sec_n li._n a_o copyholder_n can_v in_o any_o action_n real_a or_o that_o savour_v of_o the_o realty_n or_o have_v a_o dependence_n upon_o the_o realty_n implead_v or_o be_v implead_v in_o any_o other_o court_n but_o in_o the_o lord_n court_n for_o or_o concern_v his_o copyhold_n but_o in_o action_n that_o be_v mere_o personal_a he_o may_v sue_v or_o be_v sue_v at_o the_o common_a law_n if_o a_o copyholder_n be_v oust_v of_o his_o copyhold_n by_o a_o stranger_n he_o can_v implead_v he_o by_o the_o king_n writ_n but_o by_o plaint_n in_o the_o lord_n court_n and_o shall_v make_v protestation_n to_o prosecute_v the_o suit_n in_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o assize_n of_o novel_a disseisin_n of_o a_o assize_n of_o mort_fw-fr d'ancestor_n of_o a_o formedon_n in_o the_o discend_a reverse_a or_o remainder_n or_o in_o the_o nature_n of_o any_o other_o write_v as_o his_o cause_n shall_v require_v and_o shall_v put_v in_o pleg_n the_o prosequend_a if_o a_o copyholder_n be_v oust_v by_o the_o lord_n he_o can_v maintain_v a_o assize_n at_o the_o common_a law_n because_o he_o want_v as_o francktenant_n but_o he_o may_v have_v a_o action_n of_o trespass_n against_o he_o at_o the_o common_a law_n for_o it_o be_v against_o reason_n that_o the_o lord_n shall_v be_v judge_n where_o he_o himself_o be_v a_o party_n if_o in_o a_o plaint_n in_o the_o lord_n court_n touch_v the_o title_n of_o a_o copyholder_n the_o lord_n give_v false_a judgement_n he_o can_v maintain_v a_o writ_n of_o false_a judgement_n for_o than_o he_o shall_v be_v restore_v to_o a_o francke-tenant_n where_o he_o lose_v none_o no_o copyholder_n of_o base_a tenure_n in_o ancient_a demesne_n can_v maintain_v a_o writ_n of_o droit_fw-fr close_a or_o a_o writ_n of_o monstrauêrunt_n but_o tenant_n of_o francke-tenure_n in_o ancient_a demesne_fw-la can_n a_o copyholder_n that_o may_v cut_v down_o timber_n tree_n by_o custom_n by_o
this_o shall_v ever_o bind_v the_o feme_fw-fr and_o her_o heir_n and_o yet_o she_o be_v not_o svi_fw-la juris_fw-la but_o sub_fw-la potestate_fw-la viri_fw-la because_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o manor_n be_v the_o chief_a basis_n upon_o which_o stand_v the_o whole_a fabric_n of_o the_o copyhold_n estate_n and_o therefore_o what_o custom_n do_v confirm_v to_o a_o copyholder_n the_o law_n will_v ever_o allow_v and_o never_o seek_v to_o avoid_v it_o in_o respect_n of_o any_o such_o imperfection_n in_o the_o grantors_n person_n and_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o lord_n estate_n be_v no_o more_o respect_v than_o the_o quality_n of_o his_o person_n for_o if_o his_o interest_n be_v lawful_a be_v his_o estate_n never_o so_o great_a or_o never_o so_o little_a it_o be_v not_o material_a for_o be_v it_o in_o fee_n or_o be_v it_o in_o tail_n or_o dower_n or_o as_o tenant_n by_o courtesy_n for_o life_n or_o for_o year_n as_o guardian_n or_o as_o tenant_n by_o statute_n or_o as_o tenant_n by_o elegit_fw-la or_o at_o will_n the_o least_o of_o these_o estate_n be_v a_o sufficient_a warrant_n to_o the_o lord_n to_o grant_v any_o copyhold_n esheat_v unto_o he_o for_o as_o long_a time_n as_o the_o custom_n do_v allow_v the_o ancient_a rent_n and_o service_n be_v true_o reserve_v and_o these_o grant_n shall_v ever_o bind_v they_o that_o have_v the_o inheritance_n or_o franck-tenement_n of_o the_o manor_n as_o well_o as_o office_n grant_v for_o life_n by_o the_o chief_a justice_n of_o the_o common_a plea_n who_o office_n be_v but_o at_o will_n shall_v ever_o conclude_v the_o succeed_a justice_n the_o reason_n of_o the_o law_n be_v this_o a_o copyholder_n upon_o voluntary_a grant_n make_v by_o copy_n do_v not_o derive_v his_o estate_n out_o of_o the_o lord_n estate_n only_o for_o then_o the_o copy-holders_n estate_n shall_v cease_v when_o the_o lord_n interest_n determine_v nam_fw-la cessante_fw-la primitivo_fw-la cessat_fw-la derivativus_fw-la but_o the_o life_n of_o the_o copy-holders_n estate_n be_v the_o custom_n of_o the_o manor_n and_o therefore_o whatsoever_o befall_v the_o lord_n interest_n in_o his_o manor_n be_v it_o determine_v by_o the_o course_n of_o time_n by_o death_n by_o forfeiture_n or_o other_o mean_n yet_o if_o the_o lord_n be_v legitimus_fw-la dominus_fw-la pro_fw-la tempore_fw-la how_o small_a so_o ever_o his_o estate_n be_v that_o be_v enough_o for_o the_o same_o custom_n that_o fix_v a_o copyholder_n instant_o in_o his_o land_n upon_o his_o admittance_n will_v likewise_o preserve_v and_o protect_v his_o interest_n to_o the_o end_n in_o such_o manner_n that_o though_o the_o lord_n interest_n fail_v yet_o his_o shall_v never_o fall_v to_o ground_n be_v uphold_v by_o such_o a_o prop_n such_o a_o pillar_n unless_o perchance_o the_o copyholder_n offer_v violence_n to_o his_o founder_n in_o break_v the_o custom_n if_o the_o lord_n grant_v a_o copyhold_n and_o after_o do_v sever_v this_o copyholder_n from_o the_o manor_n by_o grant_v the_o inheritance_n to_o a_o stranger_n though_o now_o one_o of_o the_o chief_a pillar_n of_o a_o copyhold_n estate_n be_v want_v viz._n to_o be_v parcel_n of_o the_o manor_n yet_o because_o the_o land_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o copy-holders_n admittance_n have_v this_o necessary_a incident_a this_o severance_n be_v a_o matter_n ex_fw-la post_fw-la facto_fw-la can_v amount_v to_o the_o destruction_n of_o the_o copyhold_n espicial_o be_v the_o sole_a act_n of_o the_o lord_n himself_o if_o a_o manor_n be_v grant_v upon_o condition_n and_o before_o the_o condition_n be_v break_v the_o land_n be_v grant_v by_o copy_n than_o the_o manor_n become_v forfeit_v and_o the_o feoffer_n enter_v yet_o the_o copyhold_n estate_n remain_v untouched_a because_o lawful_o establish_v by_o custom_n and_o yet_o all_o mean_a estate_n and_o charge_n whatsoever_o grant_v by_o the_o feoffee_n at_o the_o common_a law_n be_v voidable_a upon_o the_o entry_n of_o the_o feoffer_n for_o we_o have_v a_o ground_n in_o law_n that_o when_o a_o entry_n be_v make_v for_o breach_n of_o a_o condition_n the_o party_n to_o all_o intent_n and_o purpose_n be_v in_o the_o same_o plight_n that_o he_o be_v in_o at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o make_n of_o the_o estate_n if_o a_o man_n seize_v of_o a_o manor_n in_o fee_n die_v seize_v have_v issue_n a_o daughter_n and_o his_o wife_n be_v privement_n inseint_a with_o a_o son_n and_o the_o daughter_n grant_v land_n by_o copy_n this_o grant_n shall_v stand_v good_a against_o the_o son_n for_o the_o daughter_n be_v legitime_a domina_fw-la pro_fw-la tempore_fw-la so_o if_o the_o feoffee_n of_o a_o manor_n upon_o condition_n to_o infeoff_v a_o stranger_n the_o next_o day_n make_v a_o voluntary_a grant_n by_o copy_n this_o shall_v bind_v and_o yet_o his_o interest_n be_v to_o have_v but_o small_a continuance_n if_o a_o manor_n be_v grant_v with_o a_o feme_fw-fr in_o francke_n marriage_n and_o there_o be_v a_o divorce_n have_v causa_fw-la paercontractus_fw-la so_o that_o now_o the_o interest_n of_o the_o manor_n be_v now_o grant_v to_o the_o feme_fw-fr only_a and_o by_o relation_n the_o marriage_n be_v void_a ab_fw-la initio_fw-la yet_o because_o the_o baron_n be_v legitimus_fw-la dominus_fw-la pro_fw-la tempore_fw-la any_o copyholder_n estate_n grant_v before_o the_o divorce_n remain_v good_a so_o if_o a_o man_n espouse_v a_o feme_fw-fr seignioresse_n under_o the_o age_n of_o consent_n and_o after_o she_o do_v disagree_v though_o the_o marriage_n by_o relation_n be_v void_a ab_fw-la initio_fw-la yet_o copyhold_n grant_v before_o disagreement_n shall_v never_o be_v avoid_v causa_fw-la qua_fw-la supra_fw-la if_o the_o lord_n of_o a_o manor_n commit_v felony_n or_o murder_n and_o process_n of_o outlawry_n be_v award_v against_o he_o after_o the_o exigent_n he_o grant_v copyhold_n estate_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n and_o then_o be_v attaint_v these_o grant_n be_v authentical_a though_o by_o relation_n the_o manor_n be_v forfeit_v from_o the_o time_n of_o the_o exigent_n award_v so_o if_o the_o lord_n have_v be_v attaint_v by_o verdict_n or_o confession_n any_o grant_n by_o copy_n after_o the_o felony_n or_o murder_v commit_v shall_v stand_v good_a notwithstanding_o the_o relation_n if_o the_o lord_n of_o a_o manor_n acknowledge_v a_o statute_n and_o then_o grant_v land_n by_o copy_n and_o after_o the_o manor_n be_v deliver_v to_o the_o cognisee_fw-mi in_o extent_n the_o grant_n can_v by_o this_o be_v impeach_v and_o if_o the_o lord_n of_o a_o manor_n take_v a_o wife_n and_o after_o make_v copyhold_n estate_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n and_o die_v though_o the_o feme_fw-fr have_v this_o manor_n assign_v unto_o she_o for_o her_o dower_n yet_o can_v she_o avoid_v these_o copyhold_n estate_n because_o the_o copyholder_n be_v in_o by_o a_o title_n paramount_n the_o title_n of_o the_o feme_fw-fr viz._n by_o custom_n but_o paradventure_o if_o the_o heir_n after_o the_o death_n of_o his_o ancestor_n before_o the_o assignment_n make_v unto_o the_o feme_fw-fr for_o her_o dower_n have_v grant_v land_n by_o copy_n the_o feme_fw-fr may_v avoid_v these_o grant_n because_o instant_o upon_o the_o death_n of_o the_o baron_n her_o title_n receive_v his_o perfection_n and_o nothing_o more_o be_v want_v to_o the_o confirmation_n of_o her_o interest_n but_o though_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o lord_n estate_n in_o the_o manor_n be_v not_o respect_v yet_o the_o quantity_n of_o his_o estate_n in_o the_o copyhold_n be_v regard_v for_o if_o a_o copyholder_n in_o fee_n surrender_v to_o the_o use_n of_o the_o lord_n for_o life_n the_o remainder_n over_o to_o a_o stranger_n or_o reserve_v the_o reversion_n to_o himself_o if_o the_o lord_n will_v grant_v this_o by_o copy_n in_o fee_n whatsoever_o estate_n the_o lord_n have_v in_o his_o manor_n yet_o have_v but_o a_o estate_n for_o life_n in_o the_o copyhold_n no_o large_a estate_n shall_v pass_v than_o he_o himself_o have_v quia_fw-la nemo_fw-la potest_fw-la plus_fw-la juris_fw-la in_o alium_fw-la transfer_v quam_fw-la ipse_fw-la habet_fw-la and_o further_o observe_v that_o sometime_o the_o law_n respect_v the_o quantity_n of_o the_o lord_n estate_n in_o the_o manor_n for_o what_o act_v so_o ever_o be_v not_o confirm_v by_o custom_n but_o only_o strengthen_v by_o the_o power_n authority_n and_o interest_n of_o the_o lord_n have_v no_o long_o continuance_n than_o the_o lord_n estate_n continue_v and_o therefore_o it_o be_v hold_v that_o if_o a_o tenant_n for_o life_n of_o a_o manor_n grant_v a_o licence_n to_o a_o copyholder_n to_o alien_n and_o die_v the_o licence_n be_v destroy_v and_o the_o power_n of_o alienation_n cease_v as_o for_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o lord_n estate_n in_o the_o manor_n that_o be_v much_o more_o now_o respect_v than_o either_o the_o quality_n of_o his_o estate_n or_o the_o quality_n of_o his_o person_n for_o if_o the_o lord_n or_o he_o who_o soever_o it_o be_v that_o make_v a_o
acre_n which_o have_v ever_o be_v demise_v for_o six_o shilling_n rend_v escheat_v to_o two_o copartener_n and_o one_o grant_v three_o acre_n reserve_v three_o shilling_n pro_fw-la rata_fw-la this_o be_v a_o perfect_a reserve_n in_o admittance_n upon_o surrender_n the_o lord_n to_o no_o intent_n be_v repute_v as_o owner_n but_o whole_o as_o a_o instrument_n and_o the_o party_n admit_v shall_v be_v subject_a to_o no_o other_o charge_n or_o encumbrance_n of_o the_o lord_n for_o he_o claim_v his_o estate_n under_o the_o party_n that_o make_v the_o surrender_n and_o in_o the_o plaint_n in_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o writ_n of_o entry_n in_o the_o per_fw-la it_o shall_v be_v suppose_v in_o the_o per_fw-la by_o he_o not_o by_o the_o lord_n and_o as_o in_o admittance_n upon_o surrender_n so_o in_o admittance_n upon_o descent_n the_o lord_n be_v use_v as_o a_o mere_a instrument_n b._n co._n 4._o foe_n 27._o b._n and_o no_o manner_n of_o interest_n pass_v out_o of_o he_o and_o therefore_o neither_o in_o the_o one_o nor_o in_o the_o other_o be_v any_o respect_n have_v unto_o the_o quality_n of_o his_o estate_n in_o the_o manor_n for_o whether_o he_o have_v it_o by_o right_n or_o by_o wrong_v it_o be_v not_o material_a these_o admittance_n shall_v never_o be_v call_v in_o question_n for_o the_o lord_n title_n b._n co._n 1_o foe_n 140._o b._n because_o they_o be_v judicial_a act_n which_o every_o lord_n be_v enjoin_v to_o execute_v beside_o in_o admittance_n upon_o surrender_n the_o lord_n be_v account_v nothing_o but_o a_o necessary_a instrument_n it_o follow_v that_o he_o have_v a_o bare_a customary_a power_n to_o admit_v secundum_fw-la formam_fw-la &_o effectum_fw-la sursum_fw-la reddendi_fw-la therefore_o if_o there_o be_v any_o variance_n between_o the_o admittance_n and_o the_o surr_n either_o in_o the_o person_n in_o the_o estate_n or_o in_o the_o tenure_n or_o in_o any_o other_o collateral_a point_n the_o lord_n do_v only_o transfer_v a_o estate_n according_a to_o the_o surr_n and_o his_o authority_n if_o it_o can_v take_v such_o effect_n as_o if_o i_o surrender_v to_o the_o use_n of_o i.s._n and_o the_o lord_n admit_v i.n._n this_o admittance_n be_v whole_o void_a and_o notwithstanding_o this_o admittance_n the_o lord_n may_v afterward_o admit_v i._o s._n according_a to_o the_o effect_n of_o his_o authority_n but_o have_v he_o admit_v i._o s._n and_o i.n._n joint_o than_o the_o admittance_n have_v be_v void_a for_o the_o one_o and_o good_a for_o the_o other_o like_o the_o case_n of_o a_o devise_n where_o a_o devise_n of_o a_o term_n be_v make_v to_o i._n s._n and_o the_o executor_n agree_v that_o i._o s._n and_o i.n._n shall_v have_v this_o term_n 28_o co._n 4_o foe_n 28_o this_o consent_n be_v void_a to_o i.n._n for_o after_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o executor_n i._n n._n be_v in_o by_o the_o devise_n yet_o some_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o if_o i_o surr_n to_o the_o use_n of_o i._o s._n in_o fee_n and_o the_o lord_n admit_v i._n s._n together_o with_o his_o elder_a son_n and_o heir_n apparent_a that_o this_o be_v a_o estate_n by_o estoppell_n to_o i.s._n and_o that_o he_o shall_v only_o claim_v joint_o with_o his_o son_n because_o he_o may_v have_v refuse_v a_o admittance_n in_o this_o manner_n but_o i_o can_v hardly_o be_v bring_v to_o think_v that_o this_o admittance_n give_v a_o present_a interest_n in_o theson_n who_o by_o surrender_n be_v to_o have_v no_o interest_n till_o the_o death_n of_o his_o father_n shall_v be_v any_o such_o estopell_n if_o i_o surr_n to_o the_o use_n of_o i.s._n for_o life_n and_o the_o lord_n admit_v he_o in_o fee_n a_o estate_n for_o life_n only_o pass_v 29._o co._n 4._o foe_n 29._o so_o if_o i_o surr_n without_o mention_v any_o certain_a estate_n because_o by_o implication_n of_o the_o law_n estate_n for_o life_n only_o pass_v though_o the_o lord_n admit_v in_o fee_n no_o more_o do_v pass_v than_o the_o implication_n of_o law_n will_v warrant_v if_o i_o surr_n with_o the_o reservation_n of_o a_o rent_n and_o the_o lord_n admit_v not_o reserve_v any_o rent_n or_o reserve_v a_o less_o rend_v than_o i_o reserve_v upon_o the_o surrender_n this_o admittance_n be_v whole_o void_a but_o if_o the_o lord_n reserve_v a_o great_a rent_n then_o be_v the_o reservation_n void_a only_o for_o the_o surplusage_n and_o the_o admittance_n so_o far_o currant_n as_o it_o agree_v with_o my_o surrender_n if_o i_o surrender_v upon_o condition_n and_o the_o lord_n omit_v the_o condition_n the_o admittance_n be_v whole_o void_a but_o if_o my_o surrender_n be_v absolute_a 25._o co._n 4._o foe_n 25._o and_o the_o lord_n admittance_n be_v conditional_a the_o condition_n be_v void_a but_o the_o admittance_n in_o all_o point_n else_o be_v good_a the_o reason_n of_o these_o diversity_n be_v these_o where_o a_o authority_n be_v give_v to_o any_o one_o to_o execute_v any_o act_n and_o he_o execute_v it_o contrary_a to_o the_o effect_n of_o his_o authority_n this_o be_v utter_o void_a but_o if_o he_o execute_v his_o authority_n and_o withal_o go_v beyond_o the_o limit_n of_o his_o warrant_n this_o be_v void_a for_o that_o part_n only_o wherein_o he_o exceed_v his_o authority_n these_o admittance_n upon_o surrender_n differ_v from_o admittance_n upon_o descent_n in_o this_o that_o in_o admittance_n upon_o surrender_n nothing_o be_v vest_v in_o the_o grantee_n before_o admittance_n no_o more_o then_o in_o the_o voluntary_a admittance_n but_o in_o admittance_n upon_o descent_n the_o heir_n be_v tenant_n by_o copy_n immediate_o upon_o the_o death_n of_o his_o ancestor_n not_o to_o all_o intent_n and_o purpose_n for_o peradventure_o he_o can_v be_v swear_v of_o the_o homage_n before_o neither_o can_v he_o maintain_v a_o plaint_n in_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o assize_n in_o the_o lord_n court_v before_o because_o till_o then_o he_o be_v not_o complete_a tenant_n to_o the_o lord_n no_o further_o forth_o than_o the_o lord_n please_v to_o allow_v he_o for_o his_o tenant_n and_o therefore_o if_o there_o be_v grandfather_n father_n and_o son_n and_o the_o grandfather_n be_v admit_v and_o die_v and_o the_o father_n enter_v and_o die_v before_o admittance_n the_o son_n shall_v have_v a_o plaint_n in_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o writ_n of_o ayell_n and_o not_o a_o assize_n of_o mort_fw-fr d'auncestor_n so_o that_o to_o all_o intent_n and_o purpose_n the_o heir_n till_o admittance_n be_v not_o complete_a tenant_n yet_o to_o most_o intent_n especial_o as_o to_o stranger_n the_o law_n take_v notice_n of_o he_o 23._o co._n 4._o foe_n 23._o as_o of_o a_o perfect_a tenant_n of_o the_o land_n instant_o upon_o the_o death_n of_o his_o ancestor_n for_o he_o may_v enter_v into_o the_o land_n before_o admittance_n take_v the_o profit_n punish_v any_o trespass_n do_v upon_o the_o ground_n surrender_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o lord_n to_o who_o use_n he_o please_v satisfy_v the_o lord_n his_o fine_a due_a upon_o the_o descent_n and_o by_o estoppell_n he_o may_v prejudice_v himself_o of_o his_o inheritance_n for_o if_o a_o estrange_v come_v and_o surrender_v to_o the_o use_n of_o he_o and_o his_o wife_n before_o admittance_n he_o shall_v ever_o claim_v joint_o with_o his_o wife_n and_o never_o be_v take_v as_o sole_a tenant_n and_o the_o lord_n may_v avow_v upon_o he_o before_o admittance_n for_o any_o arrearage_n of_o rent_n or_o other_o service_n and_o last_o of_o all_o b._n co._n 4._o foe_n 22._o b._n upon_o a_o actual_a possession_n there_o shall_v be_v possessio_fw-la fratris_fw-la before_o admittance_n for_o if_o a_o copyholder_n in_o fee_n have_v issue_n a_o son_n and_o a_o daughter_n by_o one_o venture_n and_o a_o son_n by_o another_o venture_n and_o die_v seize_v and_o his_o son_n by_o the_o first_o venture_n enter_v into_o the_o land_n and_o die_v before_o admittance_n the_o daughter_n shall_v inherit_v as_o heir_n to_o her_o brother_n and_o not_o the_o son_n by_o the_o second_o venture_n as_o heir_n to_o his_o father_n and_o many_o time_n the_o possession_n of_o a_o guardian_n or_o a_o tearmer_n without_o a_o actual_a entry_n or_o any_o claim_n make_v by_o the_o heir_n will_v make_v a_o possessio_fw-la fratris_fw-la as_o if_o a_o copyholder_n in_o fee_n have_v issue_n a_o son_n or_o a_o daughter_n by_o one_o venture_n and_o a_o son_n by_o another_o venture_n by_o licence_n of_o the_o lord_n make_v a_o lease_n for_o year_n and_o die_v and_o the_o son_n of_o the_o first_o venture_n die_v before_o the_o expiration_n of_o the_o term_n be_v neither_o admit_v nor_o have_v make_v any_o actual_a entry_n or_o any_o claim_n yet_o this_o possession_n of_o the_o lessee_n be_v sufficient_a and_o the_o reversion_n shall_v descend_v to_o the_o daughter_n of_o the_o first_o venture_n and_o not_o to_o the_o son_n of_o the_o second_o venture_n but_o if_o the_o
infant_n or_o non_fw-la comp_n mentis_fw-la a_o idiot_n or_o lunatic_n a_o outlaw_n or_o a_o excommunicate_a yet_o what_o thing_n soever_o he_o perform_v as_o incident_a to_o his_o place_n can_v never_o be_v avoid_v for_o any_o such_o disabilitie_n because_o he_o perform_v they_o as_o a_o judge_n or_o at_o least_o as_o custom_n instrument_n and_o for_o his_o authority_n though_o it_o prove_v but_o counterfeit_n if_o it_o come_v to_o exact_a trial_n yet_o if_o in_o appearance_n or_o outward_a show_n it_o seem_v currant_n that_o be_v sufficient_a as_o if_o i_o grant_v the_o stewardship_n of_o my_o manor_n of_o dale_n by_o patent_n and_o in_o the_o patentee_n absence_n a_o stranger_n by_o my_o appointment_n keep_v court_n this_o be_v authentical_a if_o a_o grant_v of_o a_o stewardship_n be_v make_v to_o one_o and_o for_o some_o fault_n or_o defect_n in_o the_o grant_n it_o be_v avoidable_o yet_o court_v keep_v by_o he_o before_o the_o avoidance_n shall_v stand_v in_o force_n and_o whatsoever_o he_o do_v as_o steward_n be_v ever_o unavoidable_a as_o if_o a_o corporation_n retain_v a_o steward_n by_o paroll_n and_o he_o keep_v a_o court_n punish_v offence_n decide_v controversy_n take_v surrender_n make_v admittance_n either_o upon_o surrender_n or_o descent_n these_o act_n be_v judicial_a shall_v ever_o stand_v for_o currant_n though_o his_o authority_n be_v ground_v upon_o a_o wrong_a foundation_n for_o a_o corporation_n can_v institute_v any_o such_o officer_n without_o writing_n and_o so_o if_o the_o king_n auditor_n or_o receiver_n retain_v a_o steward_n by_o paroll_n he_o may_v lawful_o execute_v any_o judicial_a act_n but_o thing_n which_o he_o perform_v as_o custom_n instrument_n not_o as_o judge_n such_o as_o be_v voluntary_a admittance_n neither_o in_o the_o retainer_n by_o the_o corporation_n or_o in_o this_o retainer_n by_o the_o king_n officer_n shall_v any_o whit_n bind_v but_o if_o a_o stanger_n without_o the_o appointment_n of_o the_o lord_n or_o consent_v of_o the_o right_a steward_n or_o without_o any_o colour_n of_o authority_n will_v of_o his_o own_o head_n come_v into_o a_o manor_n and_o keep_v a_o court_n it_o seem_v that_o the_o performance_n of_o any_o judicial_a duty_n or_o the_o execute_n of_o any_o act_n whatsoever_o will_v not_o be_v warrant_v especial_o if_o the_o court_n be_v keep_v without_o warning_n give_v to_o the_o bailiff_n by_o precept_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n the_o office_n of_o a_o steward_n may_v be_v forfeit_v three_o manner_n of_o way_n 1._o by_o abuser_n 2._o by_o non_fw-fr user_fw-fr 3._o by_o refuser_n by_o abuser_n as_o if_o the_o steward_n burn_v the_o court_n roll_n or_o if_o he_o take_v a_o bribe_n to_o wink_v at_o any_o offence_n or_o use_v partiality_n in_o any_o cause_n depend_v before_o he_o these_o and_o the_o like_a abuse_n will_v make_v he_o subject_a to_o a_o forfeiture_n by_o non_fw-la user_n as_o if_o the_o steward_n by_o his_o patent_n be_v tie_v to_o keep_v court_n at_o certain_a time_n of_o the_o year_n without_o request_n to_o be_v make_v by_o the_o lord_n if_o he_o fail_v and_o by_o his_o failer_z the_o lord_n receive_v any_o prejudice_n this_o be_v a_o forfeiture_n but_o if_o the_o lord_n be_v not_o damnify_v than_o this_o non_fw-fr user_fw-fr be_v no_o forfeiture_n as_o if_o a_o parker_n attend_v not_o for_o the_o space_n of_o three_o or_o four_o day_n and_o no_o prejudice_n or_o damage_n happen_v in_o the_o interim_n this_o be_v no_o forfeiture_n and_o in_o office_n which_o concern_v the_o administration_n of_o justice_n or_o the_o commonwealth_n the_o law_n be_v more_o strict_a then_o in_o these_o office_n which_o concern_v private_a man_n for_o where_o a_o officer_n ex_fw-la officio_fw-la or_o of_o necessity_n ought_v to_o attend_v for_o the_o administration_n of_o justice_n or_o for_o the_o good_a of_o the_o commonwealth_n there_o non_fw-fr user_fw-fr or_o non_fw-fr attender_n in_o court_n be_v a_o forfeiture_n though_o this_o be_v prejudicial_a to_o no_o man_n as_o the_o office_n of_o the_o chamberlain_n in_o the_o exchequer_n a_o protonotary_n clarke_n of_o the_o warrant_n exigentur_fw-la filizar_n or_o the_o like_a in_o the_o common_a plea_n because_o the_o attendance_n of_o these_o and_o the_o like_a officer_n be_v of_o necessity_n for_o the_o administration_n of_o justice_n so_o the_o attendance_n of_o the_o clerk_n of_o the_o market_n be_v of_o necessity_n for_o the_o good_a of_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o so_o be_v hold_v of_o the_o sheriff_n turn_n etc._n etc._n by_o refuser_n the_o office_n of_o a_o steward_n may_v be_v thus_o forfeit_v if_o the_o steward_n be_v tie_v by_o his_o patent_n to_o keep_v court_n upon_o a_o demand_n or_o request_n to_o be_v make_v by_o the_o lord_n if_o the_o lord_n demand_v or_o reque_v he_o to_o keep_v a_o court_n and_o he_o fail_v this_o be_v a_o forfeiture_n though_o the_o lord_n be_v thereby_o nothing_o damnify_v and_o thus_o much_o of_o the_o steward_n sec_n xlvi_o the_o under_o steward_n be_v the_o steward_n deputy_n and_o sometime_o appoint_v by_o writing_n sometime_o by_o paroll_n and_o the_o extent_n of_o his_o authority_n be_v as_o great_a as_o the_o steward_n be_v own_o authority_n and_o his_o office_n consist_v in_o performance_n of_o the_o self_n same_o duty_n that_o the_o high_a steward_n himself_o be_v to_o perform_v only_o in_o this_o point_n the_o power_n of_o the_o steward_n go_v beyond_o the_o power_n of_o the_o understeward_n that_o the_o steward_n can_v make_v a_o admittance_n out_o of_o court_n and_o it_o shall_v stand_v good_a if_o entry_n be_v make_v in_o the_o court_n roll_n that_o he_o that_o be_v admit_v have_v pay_v his_o fine_a and_o have_v do_v fealty_n but_o the_o understeward_n though_o he_o may_v take_v a_o surrender_n out_o of_o the_o court_n yet_o he_o can_v make_v any_o admittance_n out_o of_o court_n without_o especial_a authority_n or_o particular_a custom_n some_o have_v think_v that_o a_o understeward_n may_v be_v make_v without_o special_a word_n in_o the_o steward_n patent_n authorise_v he_o to_o make_v a_o deputy_n but_o sure_o since_o it_o be_v a_o office_n of_o knowledge_n trust_n and_o discretion_n it_o can_v unless_o it_o be_v in_o case_n of_o necessity_n as_o if_o a_o office_n of_o stewardship_n descend_v unto_o a_o infant_n he_o may_v make_v a_o deputy_n because_o the_o law_n presume_v he_o be_v himself_o uncapable_a to_o execute_v it_o so_o if_o it_o be_v grant_v to_o a_o earl_n in_o respect_n of_o th'exility_n of_o the_o office_n in_o a_o base_a court_n and_o of_o the_o dignity_n of_o the_o person_n who_o be_v praepositus_fw-la comitatus_fw-la and_o have_v in_o ancient_a time_n the_o charge_n and_o custody_n of_o the_o whole_a shire_n who_o attendance_n the_o law_n intend_v to_o be_v most_o necessary_a upon_o the_o king_n and_o the_o commonwealth_n therefore_o it_o be_v employ_v in_o law_n for_o the_o conveniency_n that_o he_o may_v make_v a_o deputy_n for_o who_o he_o ought_v to_o answer_v this_o be_v one_o observation_n touch_v understeward_n in_o admittance_n make_v by_o understeward_n aswell_o as_o in_o admittance_n make_v by_o the_o steward_n themselves_o it_o be_v good_a order_n to_o express_v in_o the_o copy_n and_o in_o the_o court_n roll_n the_o name_n of_o the_o understeward_n or_o of_o the_o steward_n because_o in_o plead_v any_o admittance_n a_o man_n must_v say_v that_o he_o be_v admit_v by_o such_o a_o one_o understeward_n or_o steward_n name_v his_o name_n and_o this_o shall_v suffice_v touch_v the_o manner_n and_o mean_n of_o grant_v copyhold_n suffer_v i_o now_o in_o the_o four_o place_n to_o point_n at_o the_o several_a estate_n of_o copiholder_n together_o with_o their_o several_a quality_n incident_a to_o their_o several_a estate_n sec_n xlvii_o all_o estate_n whatsoever_o may_v be_v reduce_v to_o one_o of_o these_o three_o head_n 1._o inheritance_n 2._o francktenant_n 3._o chattel_n all_o inheritance_n be_v of_o two_o sort_n either_o fee_n simples_n or_o fee_n tail_n of_o fee_n simples_n some_o be_v determinable_a some_o be_v undeterminable_a determinable_a as_o where_o land_n be_v give_v to_o a_o man_n and_o his_o heir_n for_o so_o long_a time_n as_o paul_n steeple_n shall_v stand_v undeterminable_a as_o where_o land_n be_v give_v to_o a_o man_n and_o his_o heir_n without_o further_a limitation_n of_o fee_n tail_n some_o be_v general_a some_o be_v special_a general_n as_o where_o land_n be_v give_v to_o a_o man_n and_o the_o heir_n of_o his_o body_n or_o heir_n male_n or_o female_n of_o his_o body_n special_a as_o where_o land_n be_v give_v to_o a_o man_n and_o the_o heir_n male_n or_o female_n which_o he_o shall_v beget_v of_o such_o a_o woman_n all_o francketenant_n be_v of_o two_o sort_n either_o create_v by_o the_o act_n of_o the_o party_n or_o by_o the_o act_n of_o the_o law_n of_o francketenant_n create_v
manus_fw-la svas_fw-la capere_fw-la ita_fw-la tamen_fw-la moderate_a id_fw-la fleri_fw-la debet_fw-la ne_fw-la aliquam_fw-la disseisinam_fw-la haeredibus_fw-la faciant_fw-la possunt_fw-la enim_fw-la haeredes_fw-la si_fw-la opus_fw-la fuerit_fw-la violentiae_fw-la dominorum_fw-la resistere_fw-la dum_fw-la tamen_fw-la parati_fw-la sunt_fw-la relivium_n altaretro_fw-la servitia_fw-la eye_n inde_fw-la facere_fw-la with_o this_o agree_v the_o definition_n of_o hotoman_a relivium_n hotoman_a comment_n de_fw-fr verbo_fw-la seod_n &_o verbo_fw-la relivium_n relivium_n est_fw-la honorarium_fw-la quod_fw-la novus_fw-la vassallus_fw-la introitus_fw-la causâ_fw-la patrono_fw-la largitur_fw-la quasi_fw-la morte_fw-la usuali_fw-la altius_fw-la vel_fw-la alâ—o_fw-la quo_fw-la casu_fw-la feodum_fw-la ceciderit_fw-la quod_fw-la jam_fw-la a_o novo_fw-la sublevatur_fw-la this_o relief_n by_o the_o ancient_a civil_a law_n be_v term_v introitus_fw-la and_o vincentius_n term_v it_o praestantionem_fw-la seu_fw-la saluationem_fw-la factam_fw-la pro_fw-la confirmatione_fw-la seu_fw-la renovatione_fw-la possessionis_fw-la and_o that_o very_o apt_o for_o indeed_o relief_n be_v the_o key_n which_o open_v the_o gate_n to_o give_v the_o heir_n free_a passage_n to_o the_o possession_n of_o his_o inheritance_n bracton_n give_v this_o reason_n why_o it_o be_v call_v a_o relief_n 86._o bracton_n lib._n 2._o cap._n 86._o quia_fw-la haereditas_fw-la quae_fw-la jacens_fw-la fuit_fw-la per_fw-la antecessoris_fw-la decessum_fw-la releviatur_fw-la in_o manus_fw-la haeredis_fw-la &_o propter_fw-la factam_fw-la relevationem_fw-la faciend_n erit_fw-la ab_fw-la haerede_fw-la quaedam_fw-la praestatio_fw-la quae_fw-la dicitur_fw-la relevium_fw-la relief_n skene_n de_fw-fr verbo_fw-la signum_fw-la tit_n relief_n skene_n fond_o imagine_v that_o it_o take_v his_o name_n a_o relevando_fw-la in_o another_o sense_n for_o say_v he_o relief_n be_v give_v by_o the_o tenant_n or_o vassal_n be_v of_o perfect_a age_n after_o the_o expire_a of_o the_o wardship_n to_o the_o lord_n of_o who_o he_o hold_v his_o land_n by_o knight_n service_n it_o be_v by_o ward_n and_o relief_n and_o by_o payment_n thereof_o he_o relieve_v and_o as_o it_o be_v raise_v up_o again_o his_o land_n after_o they_o be_v fall_v down_o into_o his_o superior_n hand_n by_o reason_n of_o wardship_n 9_o glanvil_n lib_n 9_o cap._n 9_o but_o these_o word_n of_o glanvil_n will_v serve_v to_o convince_v he_o of_o error_n taâ—dam_fw-la vero_fw-la eodeâ—ad_n aetatem_fw-la pervenieâ—te_fw-la &_o facta_fw-la eâ—_n haereditutis_fw-la restitutione_n quietas_fw-la erit_fw-la a_o relivio_n ratione_fw-la custodiae_fw-la this_o relief_n be_v twofold_a 1._o relief_n service_n 2._o relief_n custom_n relief_n service_n be_v that_o which_o be_v pay_v upon_o the_o death_n of_o any_o freeholder_n relief_n custom_n be_v that_o which_o be_v pay_v upon_o the_o death_n change_n or_o alienation_n of_o any_o freehold_a according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o place_n in_o many_o place_n half_o a_o year_n profit_n in_o many_o place_n a_o whole_a year_n profit_n and_o therefore_o where_o bracton_n say_v quod_fw-la that_fw-mi domino_fw-la relevium_fw-la qui_fw-la succedit_fw-la jure_fw-la haereditatis_fw-la non_fw-la autem_fw-la be_v qui_fw-la acquirit_fw-la that_o be_v to_o be_v take_v with_o this_o caution_n nisi_fw-la illud_fw-la etiam_fw-la consuetudine_fw-la praestare_fw-la debet_fw-la qui_fw-la acquirit_fw-la these_o relief_n be_v pay_v as_o well_o for_o lands-holden_a in_o soccage_n as_o land_n hold_v by_o knight_n service_n for_o land_n hold_v in_o soccage_n in_o this_o manner_n if_o a_o tenant_n in_o soccage_n die_v his_o heir_n above_o the_o age_n of_o fourteen_o then_o shall_v the_o heir_n double_v the_o rent_n that_o his_o ancestor_n be_v woâ—â—_n to_o pay_v to_o the_o lord_n as_o if_o the_o tenant_n hold_v of_o his_o lord_n by_o fealty_n and_o five_o shilling_n then_o shall_v the_o heir_n double_v the_o rent_n and_o shall_v pay_v ten_o shilling_n viz._n five_o shilling_n in_o the_o name_n of_o a_o relief_n over_o and_o above_o the_o five_o shilling_n which_o he_o pay_v for_o his_o rent_n for_o land_n hold_v by_o knight_n service_n in_o this_o manner_n if_o a_o tenant_n by_o knight_n service_n die_v his_o heir_n of_o full_a 21._o if_o he_o hold_v by_o a_o entire_a knight_n fee_n he_o pay_v five_o pound_n if_o by_o half_a a_o knight_n fee_n than_o he_o pay_v fifty_o shilling_n if_o by_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o knight_n fee_n he_o pay_v 25._o shilling_n and_o so_o proportionable_o who_o so_o hold_v more_o pay_v more_o and_o who_o hold_v less_o pay_v less_o yet_o for_o the_o full_a apprehension_n of_o the_o quantity_n of_o a_o relief_n let_v we_o examine_v what_o a_o knight_n fee_n signify_v a_o knight_n fee_n be_v so_o much_o land_n as_o in_o ancient_a time_n be_v account_v a_o sufficient_a live_n for_o a_o knight_n but_o whether_o this_o be_v rate_v according_a to_o the_o quantity_n or_o according_a to_o the_o value_n causidici_fw-la certant_fw-la &_o adhuc_fw-la sub_fw-la jâ—di_fw-la ce_fw-fr lis_fw-fr est_fw-fr some_o hold_n according_a to_o the_o quantity_n and_o that_o according_a to_o the_o several_a computation_n use_v in_o several_a place_n a_o knight_n fee_n be_v either_o more_o or_o less_o as_o in_o the_o duchy_n of_o lancaster_n a_o knight_n fee_n contain_v four_o hide_n of_o land_n every_o hyde_n four_o carnes_z of_o land_n every_o carne_fw-la four_o yard_n land_n every_o yard_n thirty_o acre_n and_o every_o knight_n fee_fw-mi 1920._o acre_n according_a to_o other_o computation_n a_o knight_n fee_n contain_v 680_o but_o according_a to_o most_o computation_n a_o knight_n fee_n contain_v five_o hide_n of_o land_n every_a hide_n four_o yard_n land_n every_o yard_n land_n 24._o acre_n according_a to_o which_o computation_n a_o knight_n fee_n contain_v 480._o acre_n so_o that_o according_a to_o several_a computation_n a_o knight_n fee_n be_v more_o or_o less_o other_o hold_v that_o a_o knight_n fee_n be_v measure_v according_a to_o the_o quality_n not_o according_a to_o the_o quantity_n according_a to_o the_o value_n not_o according_a to_o the_o content_a and_o among_o these_o some_o hold_v that_o land_n to_o the_o value_n of_o fifteen_o pound_n par_fw-fr annum_fw-la make_v a_o knight_n fee_n and_o therefore_o pag._n camden_n in_o sva_fw-la brâ—tan_n pag._n camden_n say_v that_o sub_fw-la enrich_v tertio_fw-la quodammodo_fw-la coacti_fw-la fuerunt_fw-la equites_fw-la fieri_fw-la quot_fw-la quot_fw-la libras_fw-la quindecen_n exannuis_fw-la terrarum_fw-la redditibus_fw-la colligarunt_fw-la and_o out_o of_o matthew_n paris_n he_o write_v that_o anno_fw-la 1256._o exit_fw-la edictum_fw-la regium_fw-la preceptumque_fw-la est_fw-la &_o acclamatum_fw-la per_fw-la totum_fw-la regnum_fw-la ut_fw-la qui_fw-la haberet_fw-la 16._o libratas_fw-la terrae_fw-la &_o supradict_v armis_fw-la redimitus_fw-la tirocinio_fw-la donaretur_fw-la ut_fw-la anglia_fw-it sicut_fw-la italia_n militia_n roboraretur_fw-la &_o qui_fw-la nollent_fw-la vel_fw-la qui_fw-la non_fw-la possunt_fw-la honorem_fw-la status_fw-la militaris_fw-la sustinere_fw-la pecunia_fw-la se_fw-la redimerent_fw-la other_o hold_v that_o census_fw-la â—questris_fw-la be_v fortâ—e_a pound_n revenue_n in_o freehold_a land_n and_o of_o this_o opinion_n be_v sir_n thomas_n smith_n 33._o smith_n de_fw-fr rep_n pag._n 31_o 32_o 33._o other_o hold_v that_o census_fw-la equestris_fw-la be_v twenty_o pound_n revenue_n and_o this_o opinion_n be_v confirm_v by_o many_o authority_n and_o reason_n cite_v in_o anth._n allows_v case_n by_o a_o ancient_a treatise_n de_fw-fr modo_fw-la tenendi_fw-la parliamentum_fw-la tempore_fw-la regis_fw-la edwardi_fw-la silij_fw-la etheldred_n where_o it_o appear_v quod_fw-la comitatus_fw-la constabat_fw-la ex_fw-la viginti_fw-la feodis_fw-la unius_fw-la militis_fw-la quolibet_fw-la feodo_fw-la computato_fw-la ad_fw-la viginti_fw-la libratas_fw-la baronia_fw-la constabat_fw-la ex_fw-la 13._o in_fw-la feodis_fw-la ac_fw-la tertia_fw-la parte_fw-la unius_fw-la feodi_fw-la militis_fw-la secundum_fw-la computationem_fw-la predicta_fw-la unum_fw-la feodum_fw-la militis_fw-la constabat_fw-la ex_fw-la terris_fw-la ad_fw-la valentiam_fw-la 20._o li._n and_o therefore_o where_o the_o statute_n of_o ed._n 2._o dâ—militibus_fw-la provide_v that_o a_o knight_n live_v shall_v be_v measure_v by_o the_o value_n of_o twenty_o pound_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la this_o be_v but_o a_o affirmance_n of_o the_o common_a law_n 2._o this_o be_v strengthen_v by_o the_o word_n of_o the_o statute_n of_o w._n 1._o cap._n 36._o and_o by_o fitch_n 62._o fitch_n nat_n bâ—euâ—um_fw-la foe_n 62._o this_o seem_v something_o pregnant_a for_o in_o both_o these_o place_n soccage_n land_n to_o the_o value_n of_o twenty_o pound_n par_fw-fr annum_fw-la be_v put_v in_o equipage_n with_o a_o knight_n fee_n 3._o in_o a_o writ_n of_o mesne_fw-la bring_v per_fw-la ranulphum_fw-la de_fw-la normanvile_n petentem_fw-la versus_fw-la luciam_fw-la de_fw-la kyme_n tenentem_fw-la p._n 3._o e._n 1._o appear_v that_o twelve_o carnes_z of_o land_n make_v a_o knight_n fee_n every_o carne_fw-la be_v in_o ancient_a time_n of_o the_o value_n of_o five_o noble_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la according_o to_o which_o account_n a_o knight_n fee_n amount_v to_o twenty_o pound_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la these_o be_v the_o several_a opinion_n touch_v the_o quantity_n of_o a_o knight_n fee_n embrace_v of_o these_o which_o shall_v seem_v most_o
consonant_a to_o reason_n for_o my_o own_o part_n i_o think_v that_o in_o the_o ancient_a time_n a_o knight_n fee_n be_v measure_v according_a to_o the_o number_n of_o the_o acre_n but_o in_o those_o day_n according_a to_o the_o value_n of_o the_o land_n the_o reason_n of_o this_o alteration_n be_v that_o though_o in_o ancient_a time_n as_o well_o as_o in_o these_o day_n some_o land_n be_v far_o more_o fruitful_a than_o other_o yet_o the_o value_n of_o every_o quantity_n of_o land_n be_v certain_o rate_v according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o place_n and_o never_o upon_o any_o occasion_n be_v the_o land_n increase_v or_o decrease_v and_o therefore_o be_v they_o to_o examine_v whether_o any_o man_n have_v a_o sufficient_a live_n for_o a_o knight_n they_o will_v look_v no_o further_o than_o to_o the_o quantity_n of_o his_o land_n for_o by_o the_o quantity_n they_o can_v present_o judge_v the_o value_n but_o now_o the_o value_n be_v not_o certain_o rate_v in_o any_o place_n but_o increase_v and_o decrease_v upon_o every_o occasion_n and_o therefore_o reason_n require_v that_o in_o these_o day_n a_o knight_n fee_n shall_v be_v measure_v according_a to_o the_o value_n not_o according_a to_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o land_n for_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o different_a value_n of_o the_o land_n one_o man_n may_v be_v better_a able_a to_o maintain_v the_o dignity_n of_o a_o knight_n with_o two_o hundred_o acre_n in_o some_o place_n and_o of_o some_o land_n than_o another_o with_o four_o hundred_o acre_n of_o other_o land_n but_o howsoever_o it_o be_v whether_o a_o knight_n fee_fw-mi be_v rate_v according_a to_o the_o value_n or_o according_a to_o the_o quantity_n let_v it_o here_o rest_n now_o give_v i_o leave_v to_o examine_v at_o what_o time_n and_o by_o what_o law_n it_o be_v first_o provide_v that_o for_o every_o knight_n fee_n the_o four_o part_n of_o a_o knight_n revenue_n shall_v be_v pay_v in_o the_o name_n of_o a_o relief_n viz._n 5._o li._n for_o every_o baron_n fee_n the_o four_o part_n of_o a_o baron_n revenue_n viz._n one_o hundred_o mark_n for_o every_o earl_n fee_n the_o four_o part_n of_o a_o earl_n revenue_n viz._n one_o hundred_o pound_n sure_o relief_n be_v pay_v in_o this_o manner_n before_o the_o statute_n of_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la 9_o glan_n will_v lib_n 9_o cap_n 9_o and_o that_o be_v somewhat_o pregnant_a by_o this_o that_o by_o the_o very_a word_n of_o that_o statute_n this_o relief_n be_v term_v antiquum_fw-la relevium_fw-la and_o by_o glanvil_n who_o write_v before_o the_o make_n of_o this_o statute_n this_o be_v some_o what_o manifest_a for_o he_o speak_v to_o this_o effect_n dicitur_fw-la rationabile_fw-la relevium_fw-la alicujus_fw-la juxta_fw-la consuetudinem_fw-la regni_fw-la de_fw-la feodo_fw-la unius_fw-la militis_fw-la centum_fw-la solidos_fw-la de_fw-fr soccagio_fw-it vero_fw-la quantum_fw-la valet_fw-la census_fw-la illius_fw-la soccagii_fw-la per_fw-la annum_fw-la de_fw-la boronia_n vero_fw-la nihil_fw-la certum_fw-la statutum_fw-la est_fw-la quia_fw-la juxta_fw-la voluntatem_fw-la &_o misricordiam_fw-la domini_fw-la regis_fw-la solent_fw-la baroniae_fw-la capital_a de_fw-fr relevis_fw-la suis_fw-la domino_fw-la regi_fw-la satisfacere_fw-la from_o whence_o i_o gather_v that_o statute_n of_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la be_v in_o part_n a_o affirmance_n of_o the_o common_a law_n in_o part_n a_o institution_n of_o a_o new_a law_n touch_v relief_n pay_v by_o knight_n it_o be_v but_o a_o affirmance_n of_o the_o common_a law_n because_o they_o be_v certain_a before_o the_o statute_n touch_v relief_n pay_v by_o baron_n it_o be_v a_o institution_n of_o a_o new_a law_n because_o they_o be_v before_o uncertain_a and_o the_o reason_n why_o duke_n and_o viscount_n be_v not_o mention_v in_o this_o statute_n as_o well_o as_o earl_n baron_n and_o knight_n be_v this_o because_o when_o that_o statute_n be_v make_v there_o be_v neither_o duke_n marquesse_n or_o viscount_n in_o england_n the_o first_o duke_n that_o ever_o be_v in_o england_n sithence_o the_o conquest_n be_v the_o black_a prince_n elder_a son_n to_o ed._n the_o 3._o the_o first_o marquesse_n that_o ever_o be_v in_o england_n be_v robert_n earl_n of_o oxford_n create_v by_o r._n 2._o and_o the_o first_o viscount_n that_o ever_o be_v in_o england_n dominus_fw-la de_fw-la bello_fw-la monte_fw-fr create_v by_o h._n 6._o but_o though_o at_o the_o make_n of_o this_o statute_n these_o dignity_n be_v unknown_a yet_o they_o be_v comprehend_v under_o the_o equity_n of_o the_o statute_n and_o according_a to_o their_o several_a dignity_n shall_v pay_v relief_n unto_o the_o king_n a_o duke_n two_o hundred_o li._n a_o marquesse_n two_o hundred_o mark_n and_o so_o ratable_o and_o proportionable_o but_o to_o conclude_v let_v we_o compare_v herriot_n and_o relief_n together_o and_o observe_v in_o what_o they_o differ_v 1._o they_o differ_v in_o this_o that_o a_o herriot_n lie_v in_o prender_n and_o a_o relief_n in_o render_v 2._o in_o this_o that_o a_o herriot_n be_v pay_v in_o the_o name_n of_o a_o tenant_n decease_v but_o a_o relief_n in_o the_o name_n of_o a_o heir_n who_o be_v become_v tenant_n 3._o in_o this_o that_o heriot_n be_v pay_v by_o copyholder_n as_o well_o as_o freeholder_n but_o relief_n by_o freeholder_n only_o 4._o in_o this_o that_o herriot_n be_v ever_o due_a upon_o a_o special_a reservation_n or_o upon_o some_o particular_a custom_n but_o relief_n be_v incident_a to_o the_o fee_n and_o be_v due_a without_o reservation_n or_o custom_n contrary_a to_o the_o opinion_n of_o vincentinus_fw-la who_o hold_v a_o relief_n extrinsecam_fw-la fore_fw-la praestationem_fw-la &_o non_fw-la in_o esse_fw-la feodo_fw-la thus_o much_o touch_v relief_n a_o word_n touch_v amerciament_n sec_n xxvi_o amerciament_n be_v a_o pecuniary_a punishment_n for_o any_o offence_n commit_v against_o the_o lord_n of_o any_o manor_n or_o as_o some_o more_o at_o large_a define_v it_o it_o be_v a_o certain_a sum_n of_o money_n impose_v upon_o the_o tenant_n by_o the_o steward_n by_o oath_n and_o presentment_n of_o the_o homage_n for_o the_o breach_n of_o any_o by_o law_n make_v either_o for_o the_o profit_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n or_o for_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o little_a commonwealth_n among_o themselves_o or_o for_o default_n of_o do_v suit_n or_o for_o other_o misdemeanour_n punishable_a by_o the_o same_o court_n infinite_a in_o number_n and_o quality_n and_o this_o word_n amerciament_n take_v his_o name_n from_o be_v in_o the_o lord_n mercy_n to_o be_v punish_v more_o or_o less_o at_o his_o will_n and_o pleasure_n and_o it_o differ_v from_o a_o fine_a in_o divers_a respect_n in_o that_o whosoever_o be_v fine_v may_v lawful_o be_v imprison_v but_o whosoever_o be_v a_o mercy_v not_o 2._o in_o this_o that_o amerciament_n be_v incident_a unto_o court_n baron_n as_o well_o as_o unto_o court_n leet_n and_o fine_n be_v never_o incident_a to_o any_o court_n baron_n but_o to_o court_v leet_n only_o or_o other_o count_n it_o be_v of_o record_n 3._o that_o amerciament_n be_v incident_a unto_o every_o manor_n whatsoever_o but_o fynes_n be_v incident_a unto_o some_o few_o manor_n only_o the_o reason_n of_o this_o difference_n be_v partly_o ground_v upon_o the_o former_a difference_n for_o sithence_o amerciament_n be_v incident_a unto_o every_o court_n baron_n and_o court_n baron_n be_v incident_a unto_o every_o manor_n sequitur_fw-la ex_fw-la consequente_a that_o unto_o every_o manor_n amerciament_n be_v incident_a but_o ex_fw-la adverso_fw-la fines_n be_v incident_a unto_o court_n leet_n only_o and_o those_o court_n leet_n be_v in_o some_o few_o manor_n only_o not_o in_o every_o manor_n express_o sequitur_n that_o fine_n be_v not_o incident_a unto_o every_o manor_n but_o unto_o some_o few_o manor_n only_o 4._o in_o this_o that_o amerciament_n be_v afferable_a per_fw-la pares_fw-la per_fw-la sacramentum_fw-la probâ—rum_fw-la &_o legalium_fw-la hominum_fw-la de_fw-la viceneto_fw-la qui_fw-la secundum_fw-la modum_fw-la delicti_fw-la majori_fw-la vel_fw-la minori_fw-la amerciamento_fw-la delinquent_a mulctare_fw-la possunt_fw-la but_o fine_n be_v never_o afferable_a in_o this_o kind_n for_o look_v what_o fine_a soever_o the_o court_n impose_v upon_o the_o delinquent_n that_o bind_v sufficient_o without_o further_a afferance_n give_v i_o but_o leave_v to_o ask_v two_o question_n when_o have_v this_o afferance_n his_o first_o conception_n or_o creation_n 2._o how_o may_v amerciament_n in_o court_n leet_n be_v discern_v and_o distinguish_v from_o fine_n impose_v in_o the_o same_o court_n since_o they_o be_v both_o pecuniary_a punishment_n for_o offence_n commit_v touch_v the_o first_o question_n i_o think_v this_o law_n of_o afferance_n be_v before_o the_o statute_n of_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la 11._o glanv_n lib._n 1._o cap._n 11._o for_o glanvile_n thus_o speak_v of_o it_o est_fw-la autem_fw-la misericordia_fw-la domini_fw-la regis_fw-la quo_fw-la quis_fw-la per_fw-la juramentum_fw-la legalium_fw-la hominum_fw-la de_fw-la viceneto_fw-la eatenus_fw-la amerciandus_fw-la est_fw-la ne_fw-la
voluntary_a grant_n by_o copy_n have_v no_o lawful_a interest_n in_o the_o manor_n but_o only_o a_o usurp_a title_n his_o grant_n shall_v never_o so_o bind_v the_o right_a owner_n but_o that_o upon_o his_o entry_n he_o may_v avoid_v they_o otherwise_o we_o shall_v make_v custom_n a_o agent_n in_o a_o wrong_n which_o the_o law_n will_v never_o suffer_v and_o yet_o if_o the_o lord_n of_o a_o manor_n by_o his_o will_n in_o writing_n devise_v that_o his_o executor_n shall_v grant_v copy_n hold_v estate_n secundum_fw-la consuetudinem_fw-la manerii_fw-la for_o the_o payment_n of_o his_o debt_n etc._n etc._n and_o they_o make_v voluntary_a grant_v according_o these_o grant_n be_v good_a notwithstanding_o the_o executor_n have_v no_o interest_n in_o the_o manor_n nor_o be_v dominus_fw-la pro_fw-la tempore_fw-la if_o a_o disseinor_n of_o a_o manor_n die_v seize_v notwithstanding_o his_o heir_n come_v in_o by_o ordinary_a course_n of_o descent_n yet_o because_o the_o tort_n commence_v by_o his_o ancestor_n be_v still_o inherent_a to_o his_o estate_n if_o any_o copyhold_n estate_n be_v grant_v by_o the_o heir_n it_o may_v be_v avoid_v by_o the_o disseinor_n immediate_o upon_o his_o recovery_n or_o upon_o his_o entry_n and_o so_o if_o the_o disseinor_n infeoff_v a_o stranger_n of_o the_o manor_n notwithstanding_o the_o feoffee_n come_v in_o by_o title_n yet_o no_o grant_n make_v by_o he_o of_o copyhold-land_n shall_v ever_o bind_v the_o disseined_a no_o more_o than_o a_o grant_v make_v by_o the_o disseinor_n himself_o if_o tenant_n in_o tail_n of_o a_o manor_n discontinu_v and_o die_v and_o after_o the_o discontinuance_n grant_v copyhold_n estate_n the_o heir_n recover_v in_o a_o formidon_n in_o the_o discend_a may_v avoid_v these_o grant_n for_o though_o the_o discontinue_v come_v in_o under_o a_o just_a title_n yet_o his_o interest_n be_v determine_v by_o the_o death_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o tail_n the_o continuance_n of_o the_o possession_n be_v a_o tort_n to_o the_o heir_n and_o act_v do_v by_o tort-scisors_a tend_v to_o the_o dis-inheritance_n of_o the_o right_a owner_n custom_n will_v never_o so_o strengthen_v but_o they_o may_v be_v adnihilate_v so_o if_o a_o man_n seize_v of_o a_o manor_n in_o right_a of_o his_o wife_n alien_v this_o manor_n and_o die_v any_o grant_v make_v of_o copyhold_n estate_n after_o his_o death_n may_v be_v avoid_v by_o the_o feme_fw-fr upon_o her_o entry_n or_o upon_o her_o recovery_n in_o a_o gui_fw-la in_o vita_fw-la if_o a_o manor_n be_v grant_v pr._n aut_fw-la vie_fw-fr and_o cestay_n que_fw-fr vie_fw-fr die_v and_o the_o grantee_n continue_v still_o in_o the_o manor_n and_o make_v grant_n by_o copy_n these_o shall_v not_o bind_v the_o grantor_n of_o the_o manor_n for_o immediate_o upon_o the_o death_n of_o cestay_n que_fw-fr vie_fw-fr the_o grantee_n be_v but_o a_o tenant_n at_o sufferance_n and_o have_v no_o manor_n of_o lawful_a interest_n for_o a_o writ_n of_o entry_n ad_fw-la terminum_fw-la qui_fw-la preter_fw-la sit_fw-la lie_v against_o he_o as_o against_o deforceor_n and_o so_o if_o a_o tenant_n for_o life_n of_o a_o manor_n make_v a_o lease_n for_o year_n of_o the_o same_o manor_n and_o die_v copyhold_n estate_n grant_v by_o the_o lessee_n after_o the_o death_n of_o the_o tenant_n for_o life_n be_v voideable_a by_o the_o first_o lessor_n if_o a_o lessee_n for_o year_n of_o a_o manor_n grant_v a_o copyhold_n in_o reversion_n and_o before_o the_o reversion_n eschew_v the_o term_n be_v expire_v the_o grant_n be_v void_a and_o so_o i_o take_v the_o law_n to_o be_v if_o the_o lessee_n surrender_v his_o term_n and_o then_o before_o his_o lease_n shall_v have_v end_v in_o point_n of_o limitation_n the_o reversion_n fall_v yet_o the_o grantee_n shall_v not_o have_v it_o if_o a_o lease_n be_v make_v for_o year_n of_o a_o manor_n the_o lease_n to_o be_v void_a upon_o the_o breach_n of_o a_o certain_a condition_n if_o the_o condition_n be_v break_v and_o afterward_o the_o lessee_n before_o the_o entry_n of_o the_o lessor_n grant_v estate_n by_o copy_n these_o grant_n shall_v never_o exclude_v the_o lessor_n for_o present_o upon_o the_o breach_n of_o the_o condition_n the_o lease_n be_v void_a but_o have_v the_o manor_n be_v grant_v for_o life_n in_o tail_n or_o in_o fee_n i_o think_v law_n will_v have_v fall_v out_o otherwise_o for_o before_o entry_n the_o franck-tenement_n have_v not_o be_v avoid_v and_o wheresoever_o a_o man_n may_v enter_v and_o avoid_v any_o estate_n of_o franck-tenement_n upon_o the_o breach_n of_o a_o condition_n the_o law_n adjudge_v nothing_o to_o be_v in_o he_o before_o entry_n and_o he_o may_v waive_n the_o advantage_n which_o he_o may_v take_v by_o the_o breach_n of_o the_o condition_n if_o he_o will_v and_o therefore_o notwithstanding_o the_o accru_a of_o the_o title_n of_o the_o grantor_n yet_o before_o this_o title_n be_v execute_v by_o entry_n the_o grantee_n have_v such_o a_o lawful_a interest_n that_o what_o estate_n soever_o he_o grant_v by_o copy_n in_o the_o interim_n shall_v stand_v good_a against_o the_o grantor_n and_o so_o if_o a_o infant_n infeoff_v i_o of_o a_o manor_n though_o he_o may_v enter_v upon_o i_o at_o his_o pleasure_n yet_o grant_v make_v by_o i_o by_o copy_n before_o his_o entry_n shall_v never_o be_v defeat_v by_o any_o subsequent_a entry_n and_o the_o same_o law_n be_v of_o grant_n make_v by_o a_o villain_n purchaser_n of_o a_o manor_n before_o the_o entry_n of_o the_o lord_n or_o of_o grant_n make_v after_o a_o alienation_n in_o mortmayne_n before_o the_o lord_n paramount_n have_v enter_v for_o a_o forfeiture_n if_o a_o parson_n after_o institution_n and_o before_o induction_n a_o manor_n be_v parcel_n of_o his_o gleab_n land_n grant_n land_n by_o copy_n and_o after_o be_v induct_v this_o admit_v of_o the_o copyholder_n be_v no_o bind_v act_n for_o though_o as_o to_o the_o spiritualty_n he_o be_v a_o complete_a parson_n present_o upon_o the_o institution_n yet_o as_o to_o the_o temporality_n he_o be_v not_o complete_a before_o induction_n so_o if_o a_o parson_n be_v admit_v institute_v and_o induct_v but_o do_v not_o subscribe_v to_o the_o article_n according_a to_o the_o statute_n of_o 13._o eliz._n and_o grant_v land_n by_o copy_n as_o before_o this_o grant_n shall_v not_o conclude_v the_o succeed_a incumbent_n because_o his_o admission_n institution_n and_o induction_n be_v whole_o void_a in_o themselves_o but_o have_v the_o parson_n be_v deprive_v for_o crime_n or_o heresy_n or_o for_o be_v mere_a laicus_fw-la although_o he_o be_v declare_v by_o sentence_n to_o be_v uncapable_a of_o a_o benefice_n and_o so_o his_o presentment_n void_a ab_fw-la initio_fw-la yet_o because_o the_o church_n be_v once_o full_a until_o the_o sentence_n declaratory_a come_v for_o though_o the_o deprivation_n shall_v relate_v to_o some_o purpose_n yet_o because_o the_o presentment_n be_v not_o in_o itself_o void_a sure_o a_o relation_n shall_v never_o be_v so_o much_o favour_v as_o to_o avoid_v a_o copyhold_n estate_n in_o this_o kind_n so_o much_o of_o grant_n make_v by_o the_o lord_n themselves_o in_o grant_n make_v by_o copyholder_n as_o the_o law_n respect_v the_o quality_n of_o the_o copyholder_n estate_n so_o do_v it_o respect_v both_o the_o quality_n of_o his_o person_n and_o quantity_n of_o his_o estate_n the_o quality_n of_o person_n for_o whosoever_o be_v uncapable_a of_o dispose_v of_o land_n at_o the_o common_a law_n can_v without_o special_a custom_n pass_v away_o any_o copyhold_n the_o quantity_n of_o his_o estate_n for_o no_o copyholder_n can_v possible_o pass_v away_o more_o than_o be_v in_o he_o and_o therefore_o if_o there_o be_v joint_a tenant_n of_o a_o copyhold_n one_o can_v alien_n the_o whole_a but_o if_o there_o be_v two_o joint_a tenant_n of_o a_o manor_n and_o a_o copyholder_n escheat_v one_o of_o they_o may_v grant_v this_o copyhold_n and_o his_o companion_n shall_v never_o avoid_v any_o part_n of_o it_o if_o a_o copyholder_n for_o life_n the_o remainder_n over_o in_o fee_n to_o a_o stranger_n surrender_v in_o fee_n and_o the_o lord_n admit_v according_o yet_o a_o estate_n for_o life_n only_o pass_v so_o if_o the_o lord_n of_o a_o manor_n grant_v a_o copyhold_n for_o life_n where_o a_o estate_n in_o fee_n be_v warrantable_a and_o the_o same_o grantee_n surrender_v in_o fee_n to_o the_o use_n of_o a_o stranger_n and_o the_o lord_n admit_v he_o secundum_fw-la officium_fw-la sursumredditionis_fw-la i_o think_v no_o fee_n pass_v for_o though_o the_o lord_n admittance_n may_v prima_fw-la fancy_n seem_v to_o amount_v to_o a_o confirmation_n of_o the_o estate_n surrender_v the_o reversion_n rest_v in_o he_o to_o dispose_v of_o according_a to_o the_o custom_n as_o where_o a_o lessee_n for_o year_n at_o the_o common_a law_n make_v a_o feoffment_n in_o fee_n and_o make_v a_o letter_n of_o attorney_n to_o his_o lessor_n to_o deliver_v