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of_o the_o knight_n fee_n or_o part_n of_o knight_n fee_n which_o they_o then_o hold_v and_o according_a to_o the_o rate_n of_o the_o sum_v impose_v in_o parliament_n either_o by_o way_n of_o aid_n upon_o every_o knight_n fee_n or_o else_o by_o way_n of_o subsidy_n by_o so_o much_o a_o yard_n or_o plough_v land_n throughout_o all_o england_n which_o have_v be_v the_o only_a way_n of_o tax_v ever_o since_o that_o of_o knight_n fee_n have_v be_v disuse_v f._n then_o i_o find_v after_o all_o you_o have_v say_v that_o scarce_o half_a your_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la have_v any_o vote_n in_o prrliament_n either_o by_o themselves_o or_o their_o representative_n and_o so_o have_v law_n make_v for_o they_o and_o be_v tax_v at_o the_o king_n will_n be_v as_o
that_o if_o the_o sense_n of_o these_o word_n have_v be_v sufficient_o explain_v i_o think_v no_o reasonable_a man_n can_v have_v any_o cause_n to_o doubt_v whether_o these_o abstract_a word_n nobilitas_fw-la universitas_fw-la and_o communitas_fw-la shall_v be_v take_v for_o all_o sort_n and_o degree_n of_o man_n when_o thus_o represent_v in_o the_o great_a council_n or_o whether_o they_o shall_v be_v confine_v to_o the_o great_a or_o lesser_a nobility_n only_o viz._n the_o great_a lord_n bishop_n and_o tenant_n in_o caâ—ite_fw-la as_o you_o will_v make_v i_o believe_v which_o require_v strong_a proof_n than_o what_o you_o have_v yet_o bring_v beside_o which_o sense_n of_o this_o word_n communitas_fw-la or_o le_fw-fr commune_fw-la it_o be_v also_o more_o common_o use_v at_o this_o day_n and_o often_o then_o too_o in_o another_o more_o restrain_v and_o yet_o legal_a sense_n and_o that_o be_v when_o it_o be_v use_v for_o the_o commonalty_n or_o commons_o of_o england_n distinct_a from_o the_o peer_n and_o this_o may_v very_o easy_o be_v distinguish_v by_o observe_v that_o when_o it_o be_v take_v in_o this_o sense_n it_o be_v always_o set_v after_o the_o particular_a enumeration_n of_o the_o other_o order_n of_o the_o lord_n or_o peer_n viz._n the_o arch-bishop_n bishop_n abbot_n prior_n earl_n and_o baron_n or_o when_o it_o be_v put_v contradistinct_a to_o the_o word_n magnate_v i_o shall_v give_v you_o some_o authority_n and_o example_n from_o historian_n and_o record_n of_o both_o these_o 35._o and_o that_o in_o the_o time_n precede_v those_o that_o you_o allow_v the_o commons_o to_o have_v be_v summon_v in_o parliament_n of_o this_o sort_n be_v that_o which_o matt._n westm_n mention_n as_o a_o parliament_n hold_v 37th_o hen._n iii_o and_o which_o be_v thus_o recite_v in_o the_o patent_n roll_v of_o this_o year_n 352._o where_o after_o the_o excommunication_n denounce_v against_o all_o infringer_n of_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la there_o be_v this_o solemn_a clause_n aâ—ded_v that_o if_o to_o the_o write_n concern_v the_o say_a sentence_n any_o other_o thing_n or_o in_o any_o otherwise_o shall_v be_v add_v thereunto_o beside_o the_o form_n of_o the_o say_a sentence_n then_o to_o be_v denounce_v and_o approve_v of_o that_o then_o dominus_fw-la rex_fw-la &_o praedicti_fw-la magnates_fw-la &_o communitas_fw-la populi_n pretestantur_fw-la publicae_fw-la before_o all_o the_o bishop_n that_o they_o will_v never_o consent_v thereunto_o and_o conclude_v thus_o in_o cujus_fw-la rei_fw-la testimonium_fw-la &_o in_o posterum_fw-la veritatis_fw-la testimonium_fw-la as_o well_o the_o king_n as_o the_o earl_n of_o norff._n heref._n essex_n and_o warwick_n as_o peter_n de_fw-fr sabaâ—dia_n ad_fw-la inslantiam_fw-la aliorum_fw-la magnatum_fw-la &_o populi_n praescripti_fw-la sigilla_fw-la sua_fw-la apposuerunt_fw-la where_o you_o may_v see_v that_o it_o be_v usual_a before_o the_o 49th_o hen._n iii_o for_o those_o that_o be_v peer_n to_o sign_n for_o the_o communitas_fw-la populi_n or_o commons_o m_o i_o pray_v give_v i_o leave_v to_o answer_v your_o authority_n as_o you_o bring_v they_o lest_o i_o not_o only_o forget_v some_o of_o they_o but_o also_o tire_v both_o you_o and_o myself_o with_o too_o long_a a_o discourse_n i_o hope_v i_o be_o very_a well_o able_a to_o prove_v by_o the_o learned_a dr.'s_n assistance_n dein_fw-ge that_o the_o communitas_fw-la populi_n here_o mention_v doâ—h_o signify_v not_o the_o commonalty_n or_o commons_o but_o the_o community_n of_o the_o laity_n there_o present_a consist_v of_o the_o great_a baron_n or_o else_o the_o less_o or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o for_o proof_n of_o this_o pray_v take_v notice_n that_o matt._n paris_n call_v this_o council_n tota_n angliae_fw-la nobilitas_fw-la 865._o and_o in_o this_o parliament_n the_o king_n demand_v a_o great_a sum_n of_o money_n of_o they_o after_o much_o contest_v and_o upon_o promise_n to_o reform_v all_o abuse_n according_a to_o the_o tenor_n of_o the_o great_a charter_n thereupon_o the_o same_o author_n tell_v we_o the_o church_n grant_v the_o ten_o of_o the_o revenue_n for_o three_o year_n and_o the_o knight_n or_o nobility_n grant_v for_o that_o year_n scutage_n to_o wit_n three_o mark_n of_o every_o scutum_n or_o knight_n 〈◊〉_d and_o then_o the_o arch-bishop_n and_o bishop_n in_o their_o pontificalibus_fw-la with_o light-candle_n in_o their_o hand_n in_o the_o presence_n and_o with_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o king_n the_o earl_n of_o cornwall_n his_o brother_n and_o several_a earl_n there_o name_v &_o aliorum_fw-la optimatum_fw-la regni_fw-la angliae_fw-la and_o other_o chief_a man_n of_o the_o kingdom_n excommunicate_v and_o curse_v all_o those_o that_o from_o thence_o forward_o shall_v deprive_v the_o church_n of_o she_o right_o and_o all_o those_o that_o shall_v change_v alter_v or_o diminish_v the_o liberty_n of_o the_o church_n and_o ancient_a custom_n of_o the_o kingdom_n especial_o those_o grant_v in_o the_o great_a charter_n of_o the_o common_a liberty_n of_o england_n and_o charter_n of_o the_o forest_n grant_v by_o the_o king_n arâ—hiâ—piscopis_n episcopis_fw-la &_o cateris_fw-la angliae_fw-la praelatis_fw-la comitibus_fw-la baronibus_fw-la militibus_fw-la &_o â—â—berè_fw-la tenentibus_fw-la etc._n etc._n i._n e._n to_o the_o arch-bishop_n bishop_n and_o other_o prelate_n of_o â—â—gland_n and_o to_o the_o earl_n baron_n knight_n and_o free-tenant_n or_o tenant_n in_o military_a 〈◊〉_d knight_n service_n for_o they_o only_o be_v such_o aâ—_n pay_v scutage_n which_o be_v at_o this_o â—ime_n a_o kind_n of_o composition_n with_o the_o king_n for_o the_o confirm_a magna_fw-la charta_fw-la and_o be_v never_o charge_v but_o upon_o knight_n fee_n and_o these_o be_v such_o that_o hold_v perhaps_o one_o narrow_a or_o scanty_a knight_n fee_n only_o or_o some_o part_n of_o a_o knight_n fee_n as_o a_o half_a 3d_o four_o 6_o 8_o part_n etc._n etc._n who_o all_o pay_v a_o proportionable_a share_n of_o scutage_n to_o the_o great_a lord_n or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la for_o the_o land_n they_o hold_v of_o they_o in_o military_a service_n which_o be_v pay_v first_o to_o the_o great_a lord_n and_o by_o they_o pay_v to_o the_o king_n and_o from_o thence_o i_o collect_v that_o beside_o the_o barones_n majores_fw-la that_o come_v to_o this_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n there_o be_v also_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la according_a to_o the_o direction_n and_o law_n for_o summons_n in_o king_n john_n charter_n who_o be_v comprehend_v under_o the_o word_n tota_fw-la nobilitas_fw-la &_o milites_fw-la and_o that_o other_o tenant_n but_o hold_v of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la by_o knight_n service_n be_v bind_v by_o their_o act_n 〈◊〉_d they_o all_o know_v how_o many_o knight_n fee_n they_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o if_o â—â—ey_n have_v give_v any_o away_o to_o other_o they_o hold_v of_o they_o as_o they_o do_v of_o the_o crown_n use_v answer_v a_o proportionable_a rate_n towards_o this_o tax_n for_o the_o fee_n quantity_n 〈◊〉_d part_n of_o fee_n they_o hold_v of_o they_o about_o which_o there_o can_v be_v no_o mistake_n 〈◊〉_d the_o scutage_n be_v ascertain_v so_o that_o in_o so_o great_a a_o assembly_n where_o all_o the_o nobility_n of_o england_n be_v call_v together_o by_o the_o king_n be_v write_v and_o upon_o so_o great_a 〈◊〉_d occasion_n and_o solemnity_n as_o confirm_v the_o great_a charter_n of_o liberty_n after_o such_o a_o extraordinary_a a_o manner_n it_o can_v be_v doubt_v but_o beside_o the_o baron_n all_o the_o 〈◊〉_d in_o capite_fw-la both_o great_a and_o small_a which_o be_v then_o very_o numerous_a be_v present_a or_o at_o least_o most_o of_o they_o from_o whence_o it_o be_v not_o difficult_a to_o tell_v you_o to_o the_o communitas_fw-la be_v after_o the_o prelate_n baron_n and_o magnaâ—â—â—_n they_o be_v no_o other_o than_o the_o small_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o be_v all_o summon_v by_o one_o general_n write_v nor_o choose_v and_o send_v by_o the_o people_n but_o summon_v as_o the_o great_a baron_n in_o general_a by_o king_n john_n '_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la as_o i_o shall_v show_v you_o hereafter_o f._n i_o hope_v i_o shall_v be_v well_o enough_o able_a to_o prove_v that_o what_o you_o have_v now_o allege_v be_v pure_a imagination_n or_o in_o the_o dr._n phrase_n a_o airy_a ambuscade_n and_o quite_o contrary_a to_o the_o sense_n of_o matt._n paris_n as_o also_o of_o the_o lawyer_n and_o historian_n of_o those_o time_n for_o in_o the_o first_o place_n nothing_o be_v plain_a than_o that_o this_o author_n by_o the_o word_n communitas_fw-la populi_n must_v understand_v a_o order_n of_o man_n distinct_a from_o the_o magnate_v or_o else_o if_o the_o word_n magnates_n may_v have_v comprehend_v they_o all_o it_o will_v have_v be_v to_o no_o purpose_n to_o have_v mention_v any_o more_o but_o to_o answer_v those_o authority_n you_o bring_v from_o mat._n paris_n as_o for_o the_o word_n nobilitas_fw-la since_o you_o still_o insist_v upon_o it_o i_o
have_v already_o prove_v that_o the_o whole_a parliament_n as_o well_o the_o lord_n spiritual_a and_o temporal_a as_o commons_o be_v both_o before_o and_o after_o this_o time_n comprehend_v under_o these_o word_n nobilitas_fw-la angliae_fw-la and_o if_o you_o yet_o doubt_v of_o it_o i_o can_v give_v you_o a_o plain_a authority_n out_o of_o walsingham_n for_o it_o be_v in_o his_o life_n of_o edw._n ii_o anno_fw-la 1327._o where_o relate_v the_o manner_n of_o that_o king_n deposition_n he_o tell_v we_o that_o when_o the_o queen_n and_o prince_n come_v to_o london_n there_o then_o meet_v tota_n regni_fw-la nobilitas_fw-la to_o depose_v the_o king_n and_o choose_v his_o son_n in_o his_o stead_n and_o then_o there_o be_v send_v to_o the_o king_n be_v prisoner_n in_o kenelworth_n castle_n on_o behalf_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n two_o bishop_n two_o earl_n two_o abbot_n and_o of_o every_o county_n three_o knight_n and_o also_o from_o london_n and_o other_o city_n and_o great_a town_n especial_o the_o cinque_fw-fr port_n a_o certain_a number_n of_o person_n who_o inform_v he_o of_o the_o election_n of_o his_o son_n and_o that_o he_o shall_v renounce_v the_o crown_n and_o royal_a dignity_n etc._n etc._n this_o proof_n be_v so_o plain_a it_o need_v no_o comment_n as_o for_o the_o rest_n of_o your_o argument_n the_o strength_n of_o it_o chief_o consist_v in_o this_o that_o the_o tax_n there_o mention_v be_v say_v to_o be_v grant_v à _fw-la militibus_fw-la or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o you_o will_v have_v it_o of_o three_o mark_n upon_o every_o knight_n fee_n but_o in_o the_o first_o place_n i_o desire_v you_o to_o take_v notice_n that_o this_o scutage_n be_v not_o scutage_n service_n but_o a_o general_a land_n tax_n or_o manner_n of_o tax_v according_a to_o knight_n fee_n and_o which_o be_v continue_v long_o after_o hen._n iii_o reign_n as_o it_o appear_v by_o this_o passage_n in_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n glossary_a tit._n scutagium_fw-la edwardus_fw-la primus_fw-la habuit_fw-la 40_o soli_fw-la de_fw-la quolibet_fw-la 〈◊〉_d anno_fw-la regni_fw-la 13_o dom._n 1285._o pro_fw-la expeditione_n contra_fw-la wallos_n and_o it_o be_v also_o grant_v by_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o after_o the_o 18_o of_o edw._n i._n when_o you_o and_o the_o dr._n suppose_v the_o commons_o to_o have_v then_o come_v to_o parliament_n and_o if_o so_o i_o desire_v to_o know_v why_o a_o militibus_fw-la here_o mention_v by_o this_o author_n must_v only_o signify_v tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la by_o knight_n service_n and_o not_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n since_o it_o be_v not_o here_o say_v a_o militibus_fw-la qui_fw-la de_fw-la rege_fw-la tenuerunt_fw-la in_o capite_fw-la and_o therefore_o it_o be_v a_o force_a interpretation_n of_o the_o dr.'s_n and_o without_o any_o authority_n to_o limit_v these_o word_n militibus_fw-la &_o libere_fw-la tenentibus_fw-la &_o omnibus_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la nostro_fw-la which_o you_o omit_v with_o a_o etc._n etc._n as_o also_o the_o omnibus_fw-la hominibus_fw-la liberis_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la only_o to_o the_o arch-bishop_n bishop_n and_o other_o prelate_n of_o england_n and_o to_o the_o earl_n baron_n knight_n and_o free_a tenant_n or_o tenant_n in_o military_a or_o knight_n service_n because_o they_o be_v only_o such_o as_o pay_v scutage_n whereas_o you_o have_v already_o acknowledge_v that_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la be_v grant_v to_o all_o the_o people_n of_o england_n who_o have_v all_o a_o benefit_n by_o it_o and_o who_o pay_v towards_o the_o aid_n there_o grant_v as_o well_o as_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la but_o if_o knight_n fee_n alone_o be_v tax_v and_o that_o by_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la only_o i_o desire_v to_o know_v by_o what_o right_a all_o tenant_n in_o petit_n serjeanty_n and_o by_o burgoge_n oâ—_n sâ—occage_n tenure_n who_o make_v a_o great_a body_n of_o man_n in_o this_o kingdom_n in_o those_o time_n can_v pay_v this_o scutage_n since_o they_o hold_v not_o by_o knight_n service_n but_o by_o certain_a rent_n or_o other_o service_n and_o so_o not_o appear_v in_o person_n can_v have_v no_o representative_n in_o this_o or_o any_o other_o parliament_n of_o those_o time_n but_o if_o you_o will_v tell_v i_o they_o may_v pay_v according_a to_o the_o value_n that_o knight_n fee_n be_v then_o reckon_v at_o viz._n for_o every_o 20_o l._n a_o year_n estate_n i_o desire_v to_o know_v how_o this_o can_v be_v call_v scutage_n or_o how_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la or_o other_o lord_n from_o who_o they_o hold_v those_o land_n can_v give_v away_o their_o money_n for_o they_o and_o in_o the_o next_o place_n i_o desire_v also_o to_o know_v how_o all_o the_o city_n and_o burrough_n in_o england_n can_v be_v charge_v with_o this_o tax_n a_o great_a many_o of_o they_o be_v you_o yourself_o grant_v hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o capite_fw-la or_o else_o of_o bishop_n abbot_n or_o other_o mesâ—e_a lord_n by_o soccage_n or_o bargage_v tenure_n so_o that_o this_o tax_n if_o grant_v only_o by_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la by_o knight_n service_n can_v reach_v they_o and_o no_o other_o person_n but_o if_o by_o this_o word_n a_o militibus_fw-la may_v be_v understand_v knight_n of_o shire_n than_o the_o tax_n be_v general_a as_o well_o upon_o soccage_n tenant_n as_o those_o by_o knight_n service_n but_o for_o the_o other_o word_n you_o insist_v upon_o viz._n the_o liberi_fw-la tenentes_fw-la which_o you_o translate_v tenant_n by_o military_a service_n if_o that_o have_v be_v the_o meaning_n of_o these_o word_n than_o they_o have_v be_v altogether_o in_o vain_a since_o you_o have_v already_o tell_v i_o that_o the_o â—â—lites_n be_v so_o call_v non_fw-la a_o militari_fw-la cingulo_fw-la sed_fw-la a_o feodo_fw-la and_o if_o it_o be_v no_o name_n of_o dignity_n then_o certain_o the_o word_n milites_fw-la will_v have_v serve_v to_o comprehend_v all_o your_o liberi_fw-la tenentes_fw-la or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la without_o any_o other_o addition_n but_o that_o these_o word_n laberi_fw-la tenentes_fw-la do_v not_o here_o signify_v tenant_n by_o military_a service_n pray_v see_v sir_n henry_n spelman_n glossary_a tit._n libre_fw-la homo_fw-la &_o libre_fw-la tenens_fw-la where_o he_o there_o give_v we_o a_o more_o general_a signification_n of_o theseword_n thus_o ad_fw-la nobilesolim_n spectabant_fw-la isti_fw-la 〈◊〉_d à _fw-la majoribus_fw-la ortos_fw-la omnino_fw-la liberis_fw-la and_o then_o end_v thus_o vide_fw-la ingenuus_n legalis_fw-la 〈◊〉_d francus_n tenens_fw-la liberè_fw-la alius_fw-la libre_fw-la tenent_n quo_fw-la etiam_fw-la sensu_fw-la occurrit_fw-la interdum_fw-la homo_fw-la 〈◊〉_d which_o upon_o every_o one_o of_o these_o title_n he_o make_v to_o signify_v all_o one_o use_v the_o same_o thing_n viz._n a_o ordinary_a freeholder_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v a_o very_a force_a interpretation_n of_o you_o to_o limit_v these_o word_n communitas_fw-la populi_n only_o to_o the_o community_n or_o body_n of_o the_o earl_n baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la though_o i_o confess_v you_o be_v very_o kind_a in_o one_o main_a point_n in_o únderstand_v the_o communitas_fw-la populi_n to_o mean_v the_o community_n of_o the_o lesser_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la that_o be_v no_o baron_n and_o then_o do_v what_o you_o can_v these_o word_n must_v here_o signify_v mere_a commoner_n or_o commons_o unless_o you_o can_v show_v we_o a_o three_o sort_v of_o man_n who_o though_o neither_o lord_n nor_o commons_o yet_o have_v a_o place_n in_o parliament_n so_o that_o these_o gentleman_n notwithstanding_o their_o tenure_n be_v no_o more_o noble_a than_o their_o feudatory_a tenant_n or_o vavafor_n themselves_o my_o than_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n be_v at_o this_o day_n and_o then_o grant_v as_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o i_o shall_v be_v able_a to_o prove_v that_o the_o city_n and_o borough_n have_v then_o also_o their_o representative_n there_o i_o pray_v tell_v i_o whether_o or_o no_o there_o be_v not_o commons_o in_o parliament_n before_o 49_o hen._n iii_o or_o not_o which_o be_v contrary_a to_o your_o dr.'s_n assertion_n in_o divers_a place_n of_o his_o answer_n to_o mr._n p._n and_o that_o the_o word_n populus_fw-la must_v here_o signify_v the_o commons_o and_o not_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o laity_n appear_v plain_o by_o this_o place_n you_o have_v quote_v since_o it_o be_v restrain_v by_o yourself_o to_o mean_v not_o the_o whole_a community_n of_o the_o kingdom_n but_o only_o the_o community_n of_o lesser_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o be_v not_o lord_n but_o that_o matt._n paris_n do_v also_o in_o another_o place_n take_v the_o word_n populus_fw-la for_o the_o commoner_n and_o not_o for_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o laity_n pray_v again_o remember_v what_o he_o say_v in_o anno_fw-la 1225._o where_o relate_v the_o manner_n how_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la come_v to_o be_v confirm_v in_o 9th_o hen._n iii_o he_o tell_v we_o rex_fw-la henricus_fw-la ad_fw-la natale_n tenuit_fw-la curiam_fw-la svam_fw-la apud_fw-la westm_n
destrain_v for_o the_o escuage_z so_o assess_v by_o parliament_n or_o in_o some_o case_n they_o may_v have_v the_o king_n be_v write_v direct_v to_o the_o sheriff_n of_o the_o same_o county_n etc._n etc._n to_o lâ—vy_a such_o escuage_n for_o they_o as_o appear_v by_o the_o register_n but_o if_o either_o king_n john_n or_o king_n hen._n iii_o grant_v writ_n to_o levy_v escuage_z upon_o the_o under-tenant_n of_o the_o great_a lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la without_o their_o own_o consent_n in_o parliament_n this_o aught_o to_o be_v no_o more_o cite_v as_o a_o precedent_n than_o any_o other_o illegal_a act_n commit_v by_o those_o king_n since_o as_o our_o record_n and_o history_n tell_v we_o it_o be_v such_o illegal_a proceed_n which_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o baron_n war_n and_o it_o be_v express_o against_o the_o word_n of_o this_o charter_n of_o king_n john_n which_o you_o have_v now_o quote_v viz._n nullum_fw-la seâ—â—agium_fw-la vel_fw-la auxilium_fw-la pâ—nam_fw-la in_o regno_fw-la nostro_fw-la nisi_fw-la per_fw-la commune_fw-la consilium_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la so_o that_o notwithstanding_o all_o you_o have_v yet_o say_v it_o do_v not_o appear_v to_o i_o how_o scutage_n when_o give_v as_o a_o tax_n upon_o knight_n â—ees_v alone_o and_o to_o be_v levy_v not_o only_o from_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la themselves_z but_o their_o under-tenant_n as_o also_o from_o the_o tenant_n of_o they_o who_o though_o they_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la yet_o hold_v not_o by_o knight_n service_n such_o as_o be_v the_o tenant_n in_o peâ—â—y_a serjeanty_n and_o those_o who_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o chief_a as_o of_o several_a honour_n and_o not_o of_o hiâ—_n crown_n as_o in_o capite_fw-la can_v ever_o charge_v such_o tenant_n without_o their_o consent_n give_v either_o by_o themselves_o or_o their_o lawful_a representative_n much_o less_o can_v your_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la tax_n or_o charge_v such_o as_o do_v not_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la themselves_z viz._n those_o abbot_n and_o prior_n who_o hold_v land_n in_o right_a of_o their_o monastery_n in_o franc_n almâ—igne_n and_o who_o together_o with_o their_o tenant_n make_v at_o least_o two_o three_o part_n of_o all_o the_o abby-land_n in_o england_n as_o also_o tax_v those_o who_o not_o hold_v by_o knight_n service_n at_o all_o but_o by_o tenure_n in_o socage_n or_o fee_n farm_n do_v not_o hold_v their_o land_n as_o knight_n fee_n and_o therefore_o can_v never_o be_v tax_v by_o your_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la for_o so_o many_o knight_n fee_n or_o part_n thereof_o and_o braecton_n who_o live_v at_o this_o very_a time_n have_v distinguish_v to_o no_o purpose_n between_o those_o common_a service_n which_o all_o tenant_n owe_v their_o lord_n and_o the_o general_a tax_n or_o charge_n impose_v by_o the_o common_a consent_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n 37._o the_o word_n be_v very_o remarkable_a pray_v read_v they_o sunt_fw-la quaedam_fw-la commune_v praestationes_fw-la quae_fw-la seruâ—cis_fw-la non_fw-la diâ—uâ—iâ—â—_n nec_fw-la de_fw-la consuâ—tudine_fw-la venâ—um_fw-la nisi_fw-la cum_fw-la necessitaâ—_n intervenerit_fw-la vel_fw-la cum_fw-la parliament_n rex_fw-la venorit_fw-la sicut_fw-la sunt_fw-la hidagia_fw-la corraagâ—â—_n carvagia_n &_o alia_fw-la plura_fw-la de_fw-la necessitate_v &_o ex_fw-la consensu_fw-la communi_fw-la torius_fw-la regni_fw-la introducta_fw-la &_o quae_fw-la ad_fw-la dominum_fw-la feâ—di_fw-la non_fw-la pertinent_a and_o therefore_o i_o can_v see_v any_o reason_n why_o the_o great_a lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la shall_v ever_o have_v power_n to_o lay_v a_o general_a tax_n upon_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n not_o the_o ten_o part_n of_o which_o do_v then_o hold_v of_o they_o by_o knight_n service_n so_o that_o nothing_o seem_v plain_a to_o i_o than_o that_o there_o be_v we_o our_o ancient_a historian_n tell_v we_o a_o distinct_a court_n which_o be_v hold_v ancient_o three_o time_n every_o year_n viz._n at_o easter_n whitsuntide_n and_o christmas_n and_o then_o the_o king_n be_v attend_v by_o all_o the_o bishop_n great_a lord_n 131._o and_o other_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o this_o be_v call_v curis_n or_o concilium_fw-la regis_fw-la and_o if_o any_o difference_n of_o right_n do_v arise_v between_o the_o king_n and_o his_o tenant_n or_o between_o tenant_n and_o tenant_n here_o it_o be_v to_o be_v hear_v and_o determine_v and_o many_o other_o thing_n be_v there_o uâ—ted_v and_o do_v in_o relation_n to_o the_o king_n baron_n or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la only_o but_o under_o favour_n this_o be_v not_o the_o commune_fw-la consillum_fw-la regni_fw-la or_o parliament_n as_o we_o now_o call_v it_o for_o the_o king_n hold_v this_o court_n ex_fw-la more_n or_o by_o custom_n without_o any_o summons_n as_o simon_n of_o durham_n and_o florence_n of_o worcester_n and_o divers_a other_o writer_n of_o the_o life_n of_o our_o first_o norman_a king_n do_v show_v we_o but_o when_o they_o take_v notice_n of_o the_o meeting_n of_o the_o commune_fw-la consilium_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la 680._o their_o expression_n after_o and_o then_o they_o say_v that_o rex_fw-la ascivi_fw-la as_o it_o be_v in_o ordericus_n vitalis_n exit_fw-la praecepro_fw-la regn_n convenerunt_fw-la or_o as_o eâ—â—merus_n rex_fw-la sanctione_n sua_fw-la adunavit_fw-la and_o mat._n westminster_n of_o late_a time_n take_v notice_n of_o this_o union_n or_o meet_v of_o this_o câ—ria_n or_o assembly_n of_o tenant_n in_o capit_fw-la together_o with_o the_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n in_o his_o history_n of_o hen._n iii_o where_o relate_v how_o the_o king_n again_o confirm_v the_o great_a charter_n in_o a_o parliament_n anno_fw-la domini_fw-la 1252._o be_v the_o 37_o the_o of_o his_o reign_n he_o have_v these_o word_n in_o quindene_a paschae_n adunato_fw-la magno_fw-la parliamento_fw-la etc._n etc._n so_o that_o it_o seem_v plain_a to_o i_o that_o this_o unite_n of_o the_o great_a or_o whole_a parliament_n must_v be_v understand_v the_o conjunction_n of_o both_o council_n together_o and_o therefore_o when_o this_o council_n of_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la that_o thus_o meet_v ex_fw-la more_fw-mi take_v upon_o they_o assess_v escuage_z and_o transact_v other_o matter_n of_o consequence_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o major_a part_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o often_o fail_v to_o appear_v at_o these_o court_n or_o assembly_n hold_v ex_fw-la more_fw-it it_o be_v then_o and_o not_o before_o express_o provide_v by_o this_o charter_n of_o king_n john_n that_o escuage_z shall_v not_o be_v assess_v for_o the_o future_a without_o summons_n or_o notice_n give_v of_o it_o to_o all_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o have_v right_a to_o be_v there_o m._n i_o see_v you_o will_v fain_o prove_v that_o there_o be_v a_o council_n or_o assembly_n of_o great_a lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la distinct_a from_o the_o parliament_n and_o which_o meet_v ex_fw-la more_fw-it and_o that_o these_o be_v the_o person_n who_o be_v by_o this_o charter_n to_o assemble_v for_o the_o assess_n of_o escuage_z which_o be_v a_o mere_a precarious_a hypothesis_n nor_o can_v you_o or_o those_o from_o who_o you_o borrow_v this_o notion_n make_v it_o out_o from_o any_o good_a authority_n for_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v that_o the_o barones_n regis_fw-la &_o regni_fw-la be_v the_o same_o person_n and_o that_o usual_o the_o baron_n or_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la of_o what_o quality_n soever_o do_v repair_v to_o the_o king_n court_n at_o christmas_n easter_n 113._o and_o whitsunday_n do_v appear_v to_o have_v be_v the_o custom_n of_o those_o time_n from_o the_o testimony_n of_o our_o ancient_a historian_n but_o to_o prove_v by_o example_n out_o of_o the_o author_n you_o yourself_o have_v make_v use_n of_o that_o the_o bishop_n great_a baron_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v then_o alone_o the_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n 20._o pray_v read_v eadmerus_n speak_v thus_o celebratum_fw-la est_fw-la concilium_fw-la in_o ecclesiâ_fw-la beati_fw-la peiri_n in_fw-la occidentali_fw-la parâ—e_fw-la juxta_fw-la lâ—nâ—inum_fw-la sita_fw-la communi_fw-la consensâ—â—_fw-la episcoporum_fw-la abbatum_fw-la &_o principum_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la &_o buiâ—_n conventui_fw-la assuerunt_fw-la primate_fw-la regni_fw-la utriuâ—que_fw-la ondinis_fw-la and_o at_o this_o meeting_n be_v present_a the_o prime_a man_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n of_o both_o order_n in_o this_o council_n the_o bishop_n and_o baron_n be_v call_v the_o principal_a or_o chief_a man_n of_o the_o kingdom_n yet_o these_o be_v all_o the_o king_n baron_n they_o all_o hold_v of_o he_o in_o capite_fw-la and_o so_o do_v all_o the_o chief_a man_n of_o the_o kingdom_n so_o likewise_o in_o another_o meeting_n under_o this_o king_n hen._n â—_o when_o archbishop_n anselm_n be_v to_o give_v his_o answer_n to_o the_o king_n according_a â—o_o the_o advice_n of_o the_o bishop_n and_o chief_a man_n of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o same_o author_n tell_v we_o of_o anselm_n 69._o that_o in_o pascha_fw-la ad_fw-la curiam_fw-la venit_fw-la communis_fw-la concilii_fw-la vocem_fw-la unam_fw-la
communitate_fw-la regni_fw-la can_v mean_v as_o you_o will_v have_v they_o viz._n that_o the_o lord_n and_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la have_v grant_v it_o for_o themselves_o and_o the_o community_n of_o their_o tenant_n by_o military_a service_n only_o who_o say_v you_o represent_v the_o whole_a community_n of_o the_o kingdom_n for_o then_o as_o i_o have_v already_o observe_v this_o need_v not_o to_o have_v be_v grant_v in_o parliament_n at_o all_o but_o at_o this_o rate_n no_o tenant_n of_o those_o abbey_n and_o monastery_n which_o be_v a_o great_a many_o who_o do_v not_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la will_v have_v pay_v any_o thing_n to_o this_o tax_n nor_o yet_o the_o king_n tenant_n who_o do_v not_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la but_o of_o some_o castle_n or_o honour_n nor_o last_o any_o tenant_n in_o socage_n who_o be_v very_o numerous_a in_o kent_n as_o well_o as_o in_o other_o county_n as_o mr._n taylour_n prove_v in_o his_o history_n of_o gauâ—l-kâ—nd_a so_o that_o if_o your_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o other_o under_o tenant_n by_o military_a service_n have_v be_v then_o the_o community_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n this_o community_n have_v not_o consist_v of_o above_o one_o half_a or_o at_o most_o a_o three_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n but_o in_o my_o sense_n of_o this_o word_n communitas_fw-la here_o will_v be_v no_o difficulty_n at_o all_o for_o these_o magnate_v mention_v in_o this_o record_n be_v take_v as_o i_o have_v proveâ—_n they_o often_o be_v for_o knight_n of_o shire_n than_o these_o word_n be_v thus_o to_o be_v understand_v viz._n that_o all_o the_o party_n mention_v in_o this_o record_n give_v for_o themselves_o and_o the_o whole_a community_n of_o the_o kingdom_n consist_v of_o all_o the_o free_a holder_n of_o england_n who_o all_o contribute_v to_o the_o marriage_n of_o the_o king_n daughter_n according_a to_o their_o respective_a estate_n and_o though_o the_o sense_n of_o this_o word_n have_v be_v otherwise_o in_o this_o place_n yet_o it_o will_v not_o have_v contradict_v my_o sense_n of_o the_o word_n communitas_fw-la which_o i_o do_v not_o aver_v always_o to_o signify_v the_o commons_o but_o when_o it_o come_v immediate_o after_o the_o word_n comites_fw-la &_o barones_n as_o it_o do_v not_o in_o this_o record_n you_o have_v now_o cite_v m._n but_o pray_v tell_v i_o how_o this_o can_v be_v since_o the_o record_n say_v express_o that_o this_o aid_n be_v to_o be_v raise_v by_o 40_o s._n upon_o every_o knight_n fee_n which_o can_v only_o extend_v to_o tenant_n by_o knight_n service_n nor_o can_v this_o word_n communitas_fw-la here_o signify_v the_o commons_o as_o now_o understand_v since_o the_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n be_v not_o at_o all_o mention_v who_o you_o know_v do_v at_o this_o day_n make_v up_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o representative_n of_o the_o commons_o of_o england_n f._n this_o proceed_v from_o your_o not_o know_v or_o else_o not_o consider_v the_o ancient_a manner_n of_o reckon_a estate_n and_o consequent_o of_o tax_v by_o knight_n fee_n not_o only_o land_n hold_v by_o military_a but_o socage_n tenure_n also_o faciendis_fw-la as_o appear_v by_o those_o writ_n of_o the_o 24_o and_o 26_o of_o hen._n iii_o as_o they_o be_v still_o upon_o the_o close_a roll_n be_v both_o almost_o the_o same_o word_n for_o word_n which_o i_o give_v you_o at_o our_o last_o meeting_n yet_o since_o you_o may_v have_v forget_v they_o pray_v read_v they_o again_o rex_fw-la vicecomiti_a northampton_n saluâ—em_v praecipimus_fw-la tibi_fw-la quod_fw-la per_fw-la totam_fw-la ballivam_fw-la etiam_fw-la in_o singulis_fw-la bonis_fw-la villis_fw-la &_o similiter_fw-la in_o pleno_fw-la comitatu_fw-la tuo_fw-la clamari_fw-la faâ—ies_fw-la quod_fw-la omnes_fw-la illi_fw-la de_fw-la comitatu_fw-la tuo_fw-la qui_fw-la tenent_fw-la feodum_fw-la militis_fw-la integrum_fw-la vel_fw-la etiam_fw-la minus_fw-la quam_fw-la feodum_fw-la integrum_fw-la dum_fw-la tamen_fw-la de_fw-it tenemento_fw-it svo_fw-la tam_fw-la militari_fw-la quam_fw-la socagio_fw-it possint_fw-la sistentari_fw-la &_o milites_fw-la non_fw-la sunt_fw-la siâ—ut_fw-la tenementa_fw-la sus_fw-la diligunt_fw-la citra_fw-la festum_fw-la omnium_fw-la sanctorum_fw-la anno._n regni_n nostr_n xxv_o arma_fw-la capiant_fw-la &_o se_fw-la milites_fw-la â—iâ—ri_fw-la faciant_fw-la where_o you_o may_v note_n that_o all_o man_n who_o hold_v the_o value_n of_o a_o knight_n fee_n either_o by_o military_a or_o socage_n tenure_n be_v liable_a to_o be_v make_v knight_n provide_v they_o can_v maintain_v themselves_o of_o their_o estate_n which_o can_v never_o have_v be_v have_v not_o the_o custom_n of_o reckon_a and_o tax_v estate_n of_o all_o sort_n as_o well_o by_o knight_n service_n as_o otherwise_o according_a to_o the_o value_n of_o so_o many_o knight_n fee_n that_o be_v at_o 20â—_n per_fw-la an._n be_v then_o common_o use_v but_o as_o for_o your_o next_o objection_n that_o the_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n be_v not_o mention_v in_o this_o record_n and_o so_o can_v not_o be_v comprehend_v under_o the_o word_n communitas_fw-la regni_fw-la this_o prove_v no_o more_o than_o that_o which_o will_v easy_o be_v grant_v you_o that_o this_o word_n communitas_fw-la use_v in_o your_o record_n be_v there_o to_o be_v understand_v restrictive_o and_o according_a to_o the_o subject_a matter_n viz._n the_o community_n of_o freeholders_n or_o land-holders_n of_o the_o who_o kingdom_n only_o since_o this_o tax_n be_v whole_o upon_o land_n the_o commons_o of_o city_n and_o burrough_n then_o call_v communitates_fw-la civitatum_fw-la &_o buâ—gorum_n who_o estate_n lay_v in_o money_n or_o good_n can_v not_o be_v tax_v by_o knight_n fee_n nor_o do_v i_o doubt_v but_o that_o if_o we_o have_v the_o record_n of_o that_o parliament_n of_o the_o 18_o of_o edw._n i._n now_o leave_v we_o which_o be_v lose_v it_o will_v appear_v that_o they_o also_o contribute_v to_o this_o tax_n according_a to_o their_o estate_n as_o they_o do_v in_o the_o 34th_o 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which_o mr._n p._n have_v give_v we_o at_o large_a in_o his_o appendix_n 173._o which_o be_v long_o i_o shaâ—l_v trouble_v you_o with_o no_o more_o than_o what_o make_v to_o our_o present_a purpose_n viz._n that_o the_o king_n intend_v to_o make_v his_o son_n prince_z edward_z a_o knight_n summon_v the_o archbishop_n bishop_n abbot_n prior_n earl_n baron_n and_o other_o great_a man_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n to_o appoint_v what_o aid_n they_o will_v grant_v the_o king_n towards_o it_o and_o than_o it_o follow_v thus_o that_o the_o prelate_n earl_n baron_n and_o other_o as_o also_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n being_n mer_o treat_v together_o with_o deliberation_n upon_o this_o matter_n consider_v that_o a_o aid_n be_v due_a to_o make_v his_o son_n a_o knight_n beside_o the_o burden_n that_o lie_v upon_o they_o king_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o scotch_a war_n at_o lengh_n they_o unanimous_o domino_fw-la regni_fw-la concâ—ssâ—runt_fw-la pâ—o_fw-la sâ—_n &_o â—â—tâ_fw-la communitate_fw-la râ—gni_fw-la â—ricesimam_fw-la partem_fw-la omnium_fw-la bunâ—â—um_fw-la suorum_fw-la â—â—mporalium_fw-la mobilium_fw-la for_o make_v his_o son_n a_o knight_n and_o towards_o his_o expense_n of_o his_o war_n in_o scotland_n aâ—d_v then_o the_o cives_fw-la &_o â—u_n genses_fw-la civet_fw-la â—â—um_fw-la ac_fw-la burgorum_n â—c_z caeteri_fw-la de_fw-fr dominiâ—s_fw-la râ—gis_fw-la congregati_fw-la treat_v about_o the_o premise_n and_o consider_v the_o burden_n lie_v upon_o the_o king_n not_o mention_v any_o aid_n for_o make_v his_o â—on_n knight_n as_o not_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n by_o knights-fee_n oâ—_n service_n and_o therefore_o none_o of_o the_o community_n of_o the_o kingdom_n nor_o liable_a to_o it_o dâ—mino_fw-la râ—gâ—_n un_fw-fr inimitie_n ob_fw-la cauâ—as_fw-la supra_fw-la dictas_fw-la concâ—sserunt_fw-la vic._n simâ—m_fw-la pariem_fw-la bono_fw-mi 〈…〉_z mobilium_fw-la here_o the_o prelate_n earl_n baron_n and_o great_a man_n with_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n consult_v together_o and_o give_v for_o themselves_o and_o the_o community_n of_o the_o kingdom_n a_o thirty_o part_n of_o their_o
man_n of_o the_o kingdom_n have_v then_o in_o full_a parliament_n on_o the_o first_o of_o june_n grant_v he_o 40_o s._n on_o every_o knight_n fee_n to_o marry_v his_o daughter_n and_o it_o thence_o also_o appear_v that_o though_o this_o tax_n be_v say_v to_o be_v give_v for_o themselves_o and_o the_o whole_a community_n of_o the_o kingdom_n yet_o it_o be_v by_o the_o community_n of_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la alone_o because_o it_o be_v to_o be_v raise_v whole_o upon_o knight_n fee_n so_o that_o hitherto_o in_o this_o king_n reign_n there_o appear_v nothing_o that_o can_v plain_o evince_v either_o the_o summon_v or_o be_v of_o any_o commons_o in_o parliament_n as_o now_o understand_v we_o be_v at_o least_o leave_v at_o great_a uncertainty_n nay_o in_o my_o opinion_n the_o proof_n be_v more_o strong_a on_o the_o negative_a that_o there_o be_v none_o f._n i_o wonder_v you_o shall_v mention_v this_o writ_n any_o more_o since_o i_o have_v already_o confute_v the_o doctor_n notion_n about_o it_o and_o prove_v that_o it_o be_v a_o general_a tax_n grant_v by_o the_o parliament_n upon_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n and_o not_o lay_v either_o by_o or_o upon_o the_o community_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la alone_o nor_o do_v the_o way_n of_o tax_v by_o 40_n upon_o every_o knight_n fee_n at_o all_o prove_v it_o for_o if_o it_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v of_o land_n only_o hold_v by_o knight_n service_n then_o this_o tax_n can_v not_o have_v extend_v to_o any_o other_o estate_n as_o certain_o it_o do_v since_o the_o king_n can_v by_o king_n john_n charter_n have_v force_v his_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la to_o grant_v he_o a_o aid_n towards_o this_o marriage_n of_o his_o daughter_n and_o if_o what_o you_o say_v be_v true_a can_v also_o have_v make_v all_o the_o mesne_n tenant_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la to_o have_v contribute_v to_o it_o according_a to_o the_o knight_n fee_n they_o hold_v and_o this_o without_o call_v a_o parliament_n at_o aâ—_n therefore_o pray_v give_v some_o better_a authority_n than_o this_o for_o iâ—e_o assure_v you_o i_o be_o not_o at_o all_o satisfy_v with_o it_o m._n i_o will_v now_o give_v you_o the_o write_v the_o doctor_n have_v discover_v and_o by_o which_o it_o will_v plain_o appear_v that_o this_o tax_n grant_v in_o the_o 18_o of_o this_o king_n reign_n dein_fw-ge be_v give_v before_o ever_o the_o commons_o be_v summon_v to_o it_o and_o for_o this_o the_o learned_a doctor_n have_v find_v out_o a_o loose_a bundle_n of_o writ_n of_o this_o year_n direct_v to_o the_o sheriff_n of_o most_o county_n of_o england_n and_o they_o be_v the_o ancient_a extant_a or_o perhaps_o that_o ever_o be_v for_o in_o probability_n the_o call_n of_o knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n according_a to_o that_o example_n be_v discontinue_v from_o the_o 49th_o of_o hen._n iii_o unto_o this_o time_n by_o which_o two_n or_o three_o knight_n be_v direct_v to_o be_v choose_v for_o each_o county_n pray_v read_v the_o writ_n itself_o since_o i_o look_v upon_o it_o as_o the_o first_o pattern_n of_o this_o kind_n that_o of_o the_o 49th_o of_o henry_n iii_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v write_v in_o haste_n without_o those_o form_n that_o be_v afterward_o require_v in_o writ_n of_o this_o kind_n and_o particular_o in_o this_o edwardus_fw-la dei_fw-la gratiâ_fw-la rex_fw-la angliae_fw-la dominus_fw-la hiberniae_fw-la &_o dux_n aquiâ—aniae_n vice-comisi_a westmâ—rlandiae_fw-la salutem_fw-la cum_fw-la per_fw-la comites_fw-la barones_n &_o quosdam_fw-la alios_fw-la de_fw-la proceribus_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la nuper_fw-la fuisseâ—us_fw-la super_fw-la quibusdam_fw-la speciâ—liter_fw-la requisiti_fw-la super_fw-la quibus_fw-la tam_fw-la cum_fw-la iâ—sis_fw-la quam_fw-la cum_fw-la aliis_fw-la de_fw-la comitatibus_fw-la regni_fw-la illius_fw-la colloquium_fw-la haâ—ere_fw-la volumus_fw-la &_o tyactatâ—m_fw-la tibi_fw-la praecipimus_fw-la quod_fw-la duos_fw-la uâ—l_fw-la tres_fw-la de_fw-fr diâ—cretioribuâ—_n &_o ad_fw-la laborandum_fw-la potentioribus_fw-la militibus_fw-la de_fw-la comitatu_fw-la praedicto_fw-la â—ine_z delatione_fw-la eligi_fw-la &_o eos_fw-la ad_fw-la nes_z usque_fw-la west_n monasterium_fw-la venire_fw-la facias_fw-la ita_fw-la quod_fw-la sint_fw-la ibidem_fw-la à _fw-la die_fw-la sancti_fw-la johannis_n bapt._n prox_n futur_fw-la in_o tres_fw-fr septimanes_n ad_fw-la ultimum_fw-la cum_fw-la plena_fw-la potestate_fw-la pro_fw-la se_fw-la &_o communicate_v comitat._n praedicti_fw-la adconsulendum_fw-la &_o consentienoum_fw-la pro_fw-la se_fw-la &_o communitate_fw-la illâ_fw-la hiis_fw-la quae_fw-la comites_fw-la barones_n &_o pro._n ever_o be_v praedicti_fw-la tunc_fw-la dixerine_n concordanda_fw-la &_o habeas_fw-la ibi_fw-la hâ—c_fw-la breve_fw-la testae_fw-la meipso_fw-la apud_fw-la westmonast_n 14_o die_v jun._n anno._n regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la 18._o whereby_o you_o may_v see_v in_o the_o first_o place_n that_o there_o be_v yet_o no_o certain_a number_n of_o knight_n of_o shire_n settle_v who_o be_v to_o be_v summon_v to_o appear_v at_o this_o parliament_n and_o you_o may_v in_o the_o next_o place_n remember_v from_o a_o before_o mention_a record_n of_o the_o 30_o ed._n i._o that_o on_o the_o first_o of_o this_o month_n the_o king_n have_v scutage_n then_o give_v he_o in_o full_a parliament_n and_o now_o fourteen_o day_n after_o at_o the_o instance_n of_o the_o earl_n baron_n and_o other_o great_a man_n of_o the_o kingdom_n upon_o certain_a matter_n by_o they_o move_v and_o propound_v to_o he_o he_o issue_v his_o writ_n of_o summons_n to_o the_o sheriffâ—_n of_o the_o several_a county_n to_o cause_v to_o be_v choose_v two_o or_o three_o knight_n of_o each_o county_n to_o come_v to_o he_o at_o westminster_n three_o week_n after_o st._n john_n baptist_n at_o far_a we_o may_v also_o further_o observe_v from_o this_o writ_n that_o it_o be_v most_o probable_a though_o it_o be_v not_o here_o absolute_o say_v so_o that_o the_o king_n be_v move_v by_o the_o earl_n baron_n and_o great_a man_n of_o the_o kingdom_n to_o call_v these_o knight_n to_o this_o parliament_n and_o that_o as_o this_o writ_n be_v the_o first_o to_o be_v find_v after_o that_o of_o the_o 49th_o of_o henry_n iii_o so_o it_o real_o be_v the_o first_o writ_n of_o summons_n after_o that_o time_n for_o the_o election_n of_o knight_n to_o represent_v the_o several_a county_n in_o the_o next_o place_n that_o there_o can_v â—e_v no_o citizen_n nor_o burgess_n choose_v or_o send_v to_o this_o parliament_n by_o virtue_n of_o this_o writ_n as_o they_o be_v afterward_o by_o direction_n contain_v in_o the_o writ_n send_v to_o the_o sheriff_n for_o elect_v knight_n of_o the_o shire_n last_o that_o by_o this_o writ_n the_o knight_n be_v to_o come_v to_o the_o king_n at_o westminster_n three_o week_n after_o st._n john_n baptist_n at_o further_a which_o be_v the_o 15_o of_o july_n also_o that_o in_o the_o same_o year_n between_o the_o time_n of_o the_o date_n of_o the_o writ_n and_o the_o time_n appoint_v for_o meet_v of_o the_o knight_n the_o statute_n of_o westminster_n the_o three_o be_v make_v as_o may_v appear_v by_o this_o clause_n at_o the_o beginning_n dominus_fw-la rex_fw-la in_o parliamento_fw-la svo_fw-la apud_fw-la west_n monasterium_fw-la post_fw-la pascha-aâ—o_a regni_fw-la svi_fw-la decimo_fw-la octavo_fw-la videlicet_fw-la in_o quindena_fw-la sancti_fw-la johannis_n baptist._n that_o be_v the_o 8_o of_o july_n ad_fw-la instantiam_fw-la magnatum_fw-la regni_fw-la svi_fw-la concessiâ—_n providit_fw-la &_o statuit_fw-la quod_fw-la de_fw-la caetero_fw-la liceat_fw-la unicuique_fw-la libero_fw-la homini_fw-la etc._n etc._n so_o that_o this_o be_v the_o same_o full_a parliament_n which_o give_v the_o king_n scutage_n on_o the_o first_o of_o june_n and_o then_o the_o king_n and_o baron_n without_o the_o commons_o make_v this_o statute_n or_o the_o knight_n have_v another_o summons_n after_o the_o date_n of_o this_o writ_n for_o before_o that_o they_o be_v not_o in_o parliament_n or_o the_o knight_n come_v a_o week_n before_o they_o have_v need_v to_o have_v do_v but_o neither_o of_o the_o latter_a be_v probable_a see_v the_o knight_n than_o be_v great_a husband_n of_o their_o time_n and_o expense_n and_o be_v not_o very_o forward_o to_o undertake_v this_o service_n as_o be_v constant_o bind_v with_o or_o engage_v by_o surety_n or_o manucaptor_n for_o the_o performance_n of_o it_o and_o their_o appearance_n in_o parliament_n and_o therefore_o it_o seem_v reasonable_a to_o conclude_v that_o this_o law_n be_v make_v without_o they_o and_o before_o their_o come_n to_o parliament_n so_o much_o of_o this_o writ_n from_o which_o as_o well_o as_o divers_a follow_a writ_n and_o other_o record_n it_o be_v evident_a that_o it_o be_v from_o this_o king_n authority_n and_o at_o this_o very_a time_n that_o the_o house_n of_o commons_o come_v to_o be_v fix_v and_o establish_v in_o the_o present_a constant_a form_n it_o be_v now_o and_o have_v be_v in_o for_o many_o king_n reign_n and_o than_o the_o king_n in_o this_o age_n be_v not_o altogether_o confine_v to_o any_o number_n of_o knight_n
though_o they_o themselves_o remain_v free_a man_n but_o your_o dr._n from_o who_o you_o borrow_v this_o be_v very_o much_o out_o in_o his_o application_n of_o those_o passage_n he_o cite_v for_o neither_o of_o those_o author_n do_v affirm_v this_o of_o all_o owner_n of_o land_n whatsoever_o but_o only_o there_o to_o give_v we_o the_o original_a of_o soccage_n tenant_n on_o the_o king_n demesne_n as_o appear_v by_o bracton_n title_n to_o that_o chapter_n from_o whence_o the_o dr._n cite_v this_o passage_n which_o be_v de_fw-fr diversis_fw-la conditionibus_fw-la personarum_fw-la tenentium_fw-la in_o dominicis_fw-la domini_fw-la regis_fw-la and_o the_o first_o word_n of_o this_o chapter_n make_v it_o yet_o plain_o begin_v thus_o in_o dominico_n domini_fw-la regis_fw-la plura_fw-la sunt_fw-la genera_fw-la hominum_fw-la sunt_fw-la enim_fw-la ibi_fw-la servi_fw-la sive_fw-la nativi_fw-la ante_fw-la conquestum_fw-la in_fw-la conquestu_fw-la &_o post_fw-la conquestum_fw-la and_o under_o these_o last_o range_v the_o person_n you_o mention_v but_o fleta_n be_v more_o exact_a in_o his_o chapter_n de_fw-fr sokemannis_n where_o he_o tell_v we_o that_o these_o man_n be_v tenant_n of_o the_o king_n ancient_a manor_n in_o demean_v &_o quia_fw-la hujusmodi_fw-la cultores_fw-la regis_fw-la dignoscuntur_fw-la provisa_fw-la fuit_fw-la quies_fw-la nâ—_n sectas_fw-la facerent_fw-la ad_fw-la comitatum_fw-la vel_fw-la hundredum_fw-la tamen_fw-la pro_fw-la terra_fw-la quorum_fw-la congregationem_fw-la tune_n socam_fw-la appellarunt_fw-la hinc_fw-la est_fw-la quod_fw-la sokemanni_n hodie_fw-la dicuntur_fw-la esse_fw-la so_o that_o though_o king_n william_n may_v permit_v his_o ancient_a tenant_n to_o be_v thus_o out_v of_o their_o estate_n they_o hold_v in_o his_o own_o demesne_n yet_o do_v it_o not_o therefore_o follow_v that_o he_o take_v away_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o ancient_a owner_n all_o over_o england_n of_o whatsoever_o tenure_n they_o be_v or_o of_o whosoever_o hold_v but_o 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if_o not_o all_o
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nuncios_fw-la ad_fw-la johannem_fw-la ducem_fw-la normandiae_fw-la etc._n etc._n where_o you_o see_v he_o call_v he_o no_o more_o than_o duke_n of_o normandy_n but_o to_o come_v to_o the_o election_n of_o his_o son_n prince_n henry_n if_o this_o be_v all_o you_o have_v to_o prove_v a_o divine_a right_n of_o succession_n in_o henry_n the_o iiid_n i_o doub_v it_o will_v do_v you_o but_o little_a service_n for_o according_a to_o your_o own_o principle_n it_o must_v have_v be_v lodge_v some_o where_o else_o than_o in_o this_o prince_n for_o when_o king_n john_n his_o father_n die_v eleanor_n the_o sister_n of_o duke_n arthur_n be_v then_o alive_a and_o die_v not_o till_o the_o 25_o the_o year_n of_o king_n henrys_n reign_v a_o close_a prisoner_n in_o bristol_n castle_n as_o matthew_n paris_z relate_v 574._o so_o that_o it_o be_v apparent_a he_o can_v have_v no_o such_o divine_a hereditary_n right_o as_o you_o suppose_v and_o therefore_o perhaps_o his_o father_n to_o strengthen_v his_o title_n and_o to_o recommend_v he_o the_o more_o to_o the_o people_n savour_n 276._o appoint_v he_o his_o successor_n by_o his_o last_o testament_n and_o matthew_n paris_n and_o matthew_n westminster_z tell_v we_o that_o when_o king_n john_n die_v henricum_fw-la primegenitum_fw-la suum_fw-la regni_fw-la constituit_fw-la haeredem_fw-la so_o that_o it_o seem_v there_o be_v then_o no_o such_o hereditary_a right_n for_o if_o it_o have_v what_o need_n have_v there_o be_v of_o this_o testament_n but_o for_o all_o this_o divine_a right_n i_o do_v not_o find_v that_o this_o poor_a princess_n eleanor_n have_v any_o of_o the_o bishop_n or_o great_a lord_n to_o take_v her_o part_n but_o all_o the_o dispute_n than_o be_v at_o this_o great_a convention_n at_o gloucester_n whether_o they_o shall_v abjure_v prince_n lewis_n who_o most_o of_o they_o have_v before_o choose_v for_o their_o lord_n and_o adhere_v to_o prince_n henry_n 145._o there_o present_a before_o they_o as_o matthew_n paris_z tell_v we_o erat_fw-la autem_fw-la tâ_fw-la tempestate_fw-la inter_fw-la optimates_fw-la angliae_fw-la fluctuatio_fw-la maxima_fw-la cui_fw-la se_fw-la regi_fw-la committeâ—ent_fw-la juvenine_a henrico_n a_o domino_fw-la ludovico_n so_o that_o it_o seem_v by_o the_o relation_n our_o historian_n give_v we_o of_o this_o matter_n it_o be_v not_o from_o any_o great_a sense_n that_o the_o clergy_n and_o nobility_n have_v of_o the_o justness_n of_o prince_n henry_n title_n that_o make_v they_o agree_v to_o choose_v he_o king_n but_o the_o hatred_n they_o then_o bear_v to_o prince_n lewis_n when_o they_o find_v he_o have_v break_v his_o contract_n with_o they_o and_o put_v all_o the_o strong_a place_n of_o the_o kingdom_n in_o the_o hand_n of_o french_a man_n and_o treat_v the_o english_a nobility_n with_o scorn_n and_o contempt_n and_o therefore_o no_o wonder_n if_o they_o prefer_v a_o innocent_a young_a prince_n of_o their_o own_o nation_n who_o have_v never_o be_v guilty_a of_o his_o father_n fault_n before_o a_o stranger_n who_o fraudulent_a deal_n with_o they_o they_o have_v find_v not_o to_o answer_v their_o expectation_n and_o therefore_o mat._n westminster_n tell_v we_o that_o omnes_fw-la nobiles_fw-la terrae_fw-la in_o brevi_fw-la ipsi_fw-la juveni_fw-la regi_fw-la hemico_fw-la qui_fw-la nihil_fw-la culpae_fw-la versus_fw-la tos_fw-la merueras_fw-la fideliter_fw-la adhaeserunt_fw-la but_o to_o prove_v far_o that_o this_o king_n come_v in_o by_o election_n and_o not_o by_o succession_n appear_v by_o what_o our_o historian_n relate_v concern_v the_o manner_n of_o it_o henry_n de_fw-fr knyghton_n in_o his_o chronicle_n tell_v we_o col._n that_o on_o the_o feast_n of_o st._n simon_n and_o jude_n henry_n son_n of_o king_n john_n in_o regem_fw-la erigitur_fw-la viribus_fw-la &_o industria_fw-la gualonis_fw-la papâ—e_fw-la legati_fw-la which_o plain_o show_v that_o he_o be_v not_o king_n before_o and_o i_o desire_v no_o better_o a_o authority_n than_o your_o own_o author_n matthew_n westminster_n who_o say_v that_o he_o be_v in_o regem_fw-la inunctus_fw-la anoint_v to_o be_v king_n which_o show_v that_o he_o think_v he_o not_o so_o before_o his_o coronation_n and_o though_o i_o grant_v mat._n paris_n make_v the_o earl_n marshal_n to_o begin_v his_o speech_n with_o those_o word_n ecce_fw-la rex_fw-la vester_fw-ge as_o you_o relate_v they_o yet_o this_o be_v no_o more_o than_o a_o allusion_n to_o that_o place_n in_o st._n john_n ch_n 19_o behold_v your_o king_n it_o be_v usual_a in_o those_o day_n to_o begin_v their_o speech_n with_o a_o text_n of_o scripture_n so_o that_o the_o earl_n do_v not_o intend_v to_o be_v understand_v literal_o for_o than_o he_o shall_v have_v in_o this_o speech_n contradict_v what_o he_o have_v say_v bâ—fore_o for_o though_o to_o prepossess_v their_o mind_n he_o say_v of_o the_o young_a prince_n there_o present_a behold_v your_o king_n yet_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o how_o much_o soever_o he_o think_v the_o kingdom_n his_o right_n yet_o that_o it_o can_v not_o be_v confer_v upon_o he_o without_o their_o choice_n as_o appear_v by_o these_o word_n which_o you_o yourself_o have_v make_v use_n of_o viz._n you_o ought_v to_o choose_v he_o to_o who_o the_o kingdom_n be_v due_a and_o it_o be_v evident_a by_o the_o assent_n which_o the_o whole_a assembly_n give_v to_o the_o reason_n declare_v by_o he_o in_o this_o speech_n that_o it_o be_v their_o choice_n alone_o that_o make_v he_o king_n their_o vote_n be_v give_v in_o these_o word_n fiat_n rex_fw-la which_o have_v be_v altogether_o needless_a have_v they_o look_v upon_o he_o as_o king_n already_o and_o therefore_o the_o speech_n of_o hubert_n de_fw-fr burgh_n which_o you_o mention_v may_v very_o well_o be_v reconcile_v to_o this_o hypothesis_n of_o suppose_v a_o necessity_n of_o a_o election_n and_o coronation_n to_o confer_v a_o full_a and_o legal_a right_n in_o those_o time_n for_o when_o he_o say_v that_o the_o king_n if_o dead_a have_v yet_o leave_v behind_o he_o child_n who_o ought_v to_o succeed_v he_o this_o if_o strict_o take_v be_v altogether_o false_a for_o eleanor_z the_o true_a heiress_n of_o the_o crown_n according_a to_o your_o rule_n of_o succession_n be_v then_o alive_a but_o if_o take_v in_o a_o limit_v sense_n be_v true_a that_o be_v the_o child_n ought_v to_o succeed_v if_o the_o great_a counsel_n of_o the_o nation_n think_v fit_a without_o who_o consent_n though_o they_o may_v have_v ius_n ad_fw-la rem_fw-la yet_o have_v they_o not_o ius_n in_o re_fw-mi this_o election_n and_o coronation_n be_v then_o look_v upon_o as_o livery_n and_o seizin_n at_o this_o day_n be_v to_o a_o estate_n in_o fee_n without_o which_o though_o the_o write_n be_v seal_v and_o deliver_v the_o land_n will_v not_o pass_v to_o conclude_v i_o pray_v answer_v i_o that_o question_n i_o have_v so_o long_o put_v though_o without_o any_o reply_n viz._n why_o before_o this_o election_n and_o coronation_n be_v perform_v none_o of_o those_o prince_n that_o come_v to_o the_o crown_n by_o your_o suppose_a right_n of_o succession_n be_v call_v by_o any_o high_a title_n than_o duke_n of_o normandy_n or_o earl_n of_o poictou_n so_o that_o from_o what_o have_v be_v here_o say_v i_o think_v it_o plain_o appear_v that_o no_o less_o than_o seven_o of_o the_o eight_o prince_n from_o your_o william_n the_o conqueror_n reckon_v he_o for_o one_o to_o king_n henry_n the_o iii_o have_v owe_v their_o title_n to_o the_o crown_n not_o to_o any_o right_n of_o succession_n but_o either_o to_o the_o election_n of_o the_o people_n alone_o or_o else_o to_o the_o will_n or_o designation_n of_o the_o last_o king_n confirm_v by_o the_o general_a consent_n of_o the_o people_n give_v thereunto_o and_o without_o which_o it_o will_v not_o have_v be_v good_a according_a to_o the_o ancient_a custom_n of_o the_o english_a saxon_n before_o your_o conquest_n where_o beside_o the_o testament_n of_o the_o king_n decease_v there_o be_v also_o require_v the_o consent_n or_o election_n of_o the_o great_a council_n so_o that_o you_o see_v here_o be_v no_o alteration_n make_v in_o the_o form_n of_o our_o choose_v our_o king_n after_o your_o conquest_n from_o what_o it_o be_v before_o for_o no_o less_o than_o seven_o or_o eighâ—_n descent_n and_o when_o you_o can_v answer_v this_o i_o shall_v then_o come_v over_o to_o your_o opinion_n m._n in_o answer_n to_o your_o question_n i_o shall_v not_o deny_v but_o that_o all_o our_o historian_n give_v all_o the_o king_n you_o mention_v no_o high_a title_n than_o duke_n of_o normandy_n or_o earl_n of_o poictou_n before_o their_o coronation_n which_o though_o i_o suppose_v they_o may_v do_v from_o a_o foolish_a superstition_n of_o that_o age_n which_o make_v they_o fancy_n that_o none_o be_v proper_o to_o be_v call_v king_n until_o they_o have_v be_v anoint_v and_o solemn_o crown_v by_o a_o bishop_n yet_o that_o they_o look_v upon_o they_o as_o king_n indeed_o appear_v in_o that_o they_o