feodary_n for_o he_o be_v the_o first_o of_o a_o new_a family_n who_o yeiâ—â—_n homage_n and_o fealty_n 7_o fealty_n lit._n l._n 2._o c._n 7_o ancient_a fee_n be_v who_o the_o feodary_n and_o his_o ancestor_n time_n out_o 〈◊〉_d mind_n have_v hold_v such_o a_o fee_n and_o here_o the_o fâ—â—dists_n aunce_v fâ—â—dists_n id._n ib._n &_o new_a term_n tit_n hom._n aunce_v place_n a_o medium_fw-la between_o these_o two_o 〈◊〉_d paternal_a fee_n which_o come_v by_o four_o degreese_v descent_n and_o they_o define_v that_o to_o be_v the_o ancient_a which_o descend_v from_o more_o 10._o more_o duar._n come_v in_o con_fw-la feod_a c._n 4._o n._n 10._o 10._o five_o fee_n be_v divide_v into_o ecclesiastics_n and_o laic_a or_o secular_a ecclesiastic_a be_v thâ—_n which_o be_v possess_v either_o by_o ecclesiastic_a person_n or_o which_o belong_v to_o church_n 〈◊〉_d that_o which_o be_v hold_v by_o lay_v person_n and_o cannâ—â—_n be_v possess_v by_o ecclesiastic_a and_o indeed_o 〈◊〉_d fee_n as_o with_o we_o laic_a unless_o they_o become_v â—â—ther_n by_o some_o special_a grant_n from_o the_o king_n which_o we_o call_v give_v to_o mortmain_n hist_o mortmain_n mag._n char._n c._n 36._o 18_o e_o 3_o stat._n 3._o c._n 3._o 15_o r._n 2._o c._n 5._o pol._n virg._n l._n 17._o eng._n hist_o 11._o six_o fee_fw-mi be_v distinguish_v 〈◊〉_d masculine_a and_o feminine_a masculine_a be_v thâ—_n which_o be_v give_v to_o the_o feodary_n and_o the_o heiâ—_n males_n of_o his_o body_n and_o of_o this_o kind_a 〈◊〉_d those_o of_o duke_n marquess_n earl_n viscount_n 〈◊〉_d baron_n for_o the_o most_o part_n which_o 〈◊〉_d defect_n of_o heir_n male_n be_v extinguish_v 〈◊〉_d return_n into_o the_o supremacy_n from_o whence_o â—â—ey_n issue_v but_o these_o be_v at_o this_o day_n rather_o â—itles_n of_o honour_n then_o fee_n in_o regard_n they_o â—re_n for_o the_o most_o part_n confer_v without_o 〈◊〉_d feminine_a be_v that_o which_o may_v descend_v to_o â—â—e_v â—â—male_a issue_n as_o when_o it_o be_v give_v indefinite_o 〈◊〉_d the_o feodary_n and_o his_o heir_n and_o so_o that_o or_o default_n of_o heir_n male_n it_o may_v come_v to_o â—he_n female_n and_o their_o issue_n 4._o issue_n bract._n l._n 2._o c._n 34._o &_o l._n 1_o c._n 8._o n._n 4._o 12._o last_o fee_n be_v either_o pure_a or_o simple_a or_o conditional_a simple_n be_v that_o which_o be_v hold_v 〈◊〉_d a_o simple_a and_o perpetual_a right_n to_o the_o feodary_a and_o his_o heir_n for_o ever_o conditional_a 〈◊〉_d that_o which_o be_v grant_v to_o the_o feodary_n and_o â—uch_n or_o such_o heir_n for_o default_n of_o which_o it_o return_v to_o the_o donor_n and_o his_o heir_n and_o therefore_o he_o that_o have_v land_n give_v to_o he_o and_o his_o wife_n and_o to_o his_o heir_n beget_v of_o she_o in_o â—ase_n she_o die_v without_o issue_n before_o he_o be_v call_v â—enant_n in_o tail_n after_o hope_n or_o possibility_n of_o issue_n extinct_a for_o this_o kind_n of_o fee_n with_o we_o be_v call_v fee-tail_n come_v from_o the_o french_a word_n tallier_n to_o cut_v part_n or_o divide_v as_o if_o we_o shall_v say_v a_o fee_n by_o some_o mean_v sever_v or_o diminish_v 13_o diminish_v lit._n l._n r._n c._n 1_o &_o 1_o instit_fw-la jur._n come_v c._n 11._o &_o 13_o 13._o and_o this_o kind_n of_o fee_n be_v double_a viz._n taile_n general_a and_o tail_n special_a general_n taile_n be_v where_o a_o fee_n be_v give_v to_o the_o feodary_n and_o the_o heir_n of_o he_o lawful_o beget_v or_o to_o be_v beget_v for_o in_o this_o case_n the_o child_n of_o either_o wife_n whether_o first_o second_o or_o three_o shall_v inherit_v special_a tail_n be_v where_o a_o fee_n be_v give_v to_o the_o feodary_n and_o his_o wife_n and_o to_o the_o heir_n of_o either_o of_o they_o 1._o they_o lit._n ib._n inst_z jur._n c._n 12._o west_n 2._o c._n 1._o or_o according_a to_o some_o when_o it_o be_v give_v to_o he_o and_o his_o wife_n and_o one_o heir_n of_o their_o body_n lawful_o to_o be_v beget_v and_o one_o heir_n of_o that_o heâ—â—_n only_o 171_o only_o perk._n 171_o but_o this_o whether_o it_o be_v proper_o to_o be_v style_v a_o fee_n for_o want_n of_o perpetuity_n may_v 〈◊〉_d be_v doubt_v 14._o now_o a_o fee_n be_v not_o limit_v to_o one_o feodary_n but_o may_v be_v possess_v by_o more_o so_o thaâ—_n they_o be_v call_v partner_n joynt-tenant_n 〈◊〉_d tenant_n in_o common_a 15._o common_a lit._n l._n 3._o c._n 3_o inst_z jur._n come_v c._n 15._o partner_n be_v either_o by_o law_n or_o custom_n by_o law_n be_v sister_n coheir_n because_o the_o heir_n male_n be_v dead_a they_o equal_o succeed_v their_o parent_n in_o the_o fee_n 3_o fee_n id._n c._n 1._o &_o 3_o by_o custom_n be_v brother_n in_o maâ—â—_n counties_n especial_o in_o kent_n from_o the_o custom_n of_o gauâ—lkind_n call_v so_o from_o the_o equality_n of_o apportion_v the_o inheritance_n 2._o inheritance_n id._n c._n 2._o joynt-tenant_n be_v they_o which_o hold_v lanâ—â—_n or_o tenement_n by_o one_o and_o the_o same_o title_n but_o not_o hereditary_a tenant_n in_o common_a 〈◊〉_d those_o which_o possess_v land_n or_o tenement_n 〈◊〉_d indiviso_fw-la by_o divers_a title_n as_o in_o case_n one_o coheir_n sell_v her_o part_n to_o a_o stranger_n he_o be_v not_o joynt-tenant_n with_o the_o other_o partner_n but_o be_v called-tenant_n in_o common_a 15._o common_a id._n c._n 4._o inst_z jur._n come_v c._n 15._o 15._o a_o fee_n with_o we_o be_v not_o only_o of_o corporal_a thing_n but_o incorporal_a also_o for_o the_o custody_n of_o a_o forest_n 209._o forest_n vid._n n._n b._n f._n 6._o dyer_n f._n 30._o n._n 209._o prison_n 41._o prison_n id._n f._n 41._o or_o county_n 8._o county_n 28_o ed._n 1._o stat._n 3._o c._n 8._o may_v be_v grant_v to_o one_o in_o fee_n and_o the_o same_o may_v be_v say_v of_o a_o annual_a rent_n 8._o rent_n vid._n n._n b._n foâ—_n 8._o and_o of_o a_o advowson_n sever_v and_o not_o appertain_v to_o any_o manor_n which_o we_o call_v a_o advowson_n in_o gross_a 105._o gross_a lit._n l._n 1._o c._n 1._o bro._n tit_n tenor_n 105._o now_o there_o be_v many_o service_n pertain_v to_o a_o fee_n which_o we_o shall_v mention_v in_o the_o next_o chapter_n 16._o there_o be_v belong_v even_o as_o it_o be_v to_o the_o very_a nature_n of_o fee_n fee_n farm_n free_a farm_n and_o free_a tenement_n fee_n farm_n be_v a_o tenure_n of_o land_n and_o tenement_n grant_v to_o any_o one_o and_o his_o heir_n for_o a_o yearly_a rent_n which_o equal_v the_o three_o b._n three_o f._n n._n b._n fol._n 210._o b._n or_o at_o the_o least_o the_o four_o part_n farm_n part_n old_a tenure_n ver_fw-la fee_fw-mi farm_n of_o the_o true_a value_n without_o any_o other_o service_n then_o what_o be_v express_v in_o a_o charter_n of_o feoffment_n 463._o feoffment_n west_n part_n 1._o symb_n 463._o some_o affirm_v that_o a_o fee_fw-mi farm_n can_v only_o be_v grant_v for_o the_o life_n of_o the_o farmer_n and_o some_o will_v have_v it_o fealty_n although_o not_o express_v law_n express_v new_a term_n of_o the_o law_n in_o the_o feoffment_n and_o other_o that_o reasonable_a relief_n 9_o relief_n bract._n l._n 2._o c._n 39_o n._n 9_o be_v due_a of_o right_n from_o the_o fee-farmer_n to_o the_o donor_n but_o the_o condition_n of_o this_o tenure_n be_v such_o that_o if_o rent_n be_v not_o pay_v by_o the_o tenant_n for_o the_o space_n of_o two_o year_n than_o the_o lord_n or_o feoffer_n may_v recover_v the_o land_n to_o he_o and_o his_o heir_n upon_o his_o action_n 17._o britton_n make_v free_a farm_n where_o land_n and_o tenement_n be_v so_o give_v that_o the_o nature_n of_o fee_n by_o feoffment_n be_v change_v from_o knight_n service_n to_o certain_a annual_a service_n so_o that_o there_o be_v neither_o marriage_n nor_o relief_n requirable_a nor_o any_o other_o service_n express_v in_o the_o feoffment_n 66._o feoffment_n brit._n c._n 66._o but_o i_o do_v not_o remember_v that_o i_o have_v read_v this_o in_o any_o other_o author_n 18._o free_a tenement_n or_o freehold_n be_v where_o land_n and_o tenement_n be_v hold_v only_o for_o life_n of_o the_o tenant_n and_o such_o a_o tenant_n be_v say_v to_o hold_v in_o dominico_n svo_fw-la ut_fw-la de_fw-la libero_fw-la tenemento_fw-it 10._o tenemento_fw-it dyer_n f._n 221._o n._n 19_o &_o f._n 153._o n._n 10._o but_o if_o it_o shall_v be_v say_v that_o fee_n be_v natural_o a_o freehold_n i_o shall_v not_o deny_v it_o only_o must_v add_v that_o it_o be_v also_o somewhat_o more_o because_o perpetual_a 37._o perpetual_a inst_z jur._n come_v c._n 10._o lit._n l._n 1._o c._n 6._o bract._n l._n 4_o tr_fw-la 1._o c._n 37._o but_o of_o that_o freehold_n which_o be_v mean_v here_o there_o be_v two_o kind_n one_o which_o be_v for_o term_v of_o life_n even_o by_o the_o very_a custom_n and_o law_n the_o
ancestor_n unless_o he_o be_v special_o mention_v in_o the_o instrument_n of_o contract_n and_o have_v a_o estate_n sufficient_a descend_v 2._o bracton_n 418._o bracton_n l._n 2._o c._n 26._o n._n 1._o glan_n l._n 7._o c._n 8._o blow_n fol._n 418._o make_v this_o distribution_n of_o chattel_n viz._n that_o debt_n be_v pay_v the_o overplus_n shall_v be_v divide_v into_o three_o part_n whereof_z one_o to_o be_v leave_v to_o the_o child_n the_o other_o to_o to_o the_o wife_n and_o the_o three_o at_o the_o will_n and_o pleasure_n of_o the_o testator_n and_o if_o there_o be_v no_o child_n than_o one_o half_a to_o the_o liberty_n of_o the_o testator_n and_o the_o other_o to_o the_o wife_n and_o if_o there_o be_v no_o wife_n than_o one_o moiety_n to_o the_o child_n and_o the_o other_o as_o the_o testator_n shall_v please_v but_o this_o rather_o seem_v to_o be_v counsel_n then_o law_n for_o a_o little_a after_o in_o the_o same_o place_n he_o say_v that_o neither_o the_o wife_n nor_o child_n ought_v to_o take_v more_o of_o the_o good_n of_o the_o father_n or_o husband_n decease_v than_o what_o be_v particular_o bequeath_v unto_o they_o except_o it_o be_v upon_o some_o special_a grace_n as_o have_v merit_v extraordinary_o of_o he_o in_o his_o life_n time_n and_o he_o give_v this_o reason_n namely_o because_o there_o will_v scarce_o be_v find_v any_o one_o who_o will_v endeavour_v to_o lay_v up_o much_o if_o he_o shall_v be_v compel_v at_o his_o death_n to_o leave_v it_o to_o illiterate_a or_o debauch_a child_n or_o to_o a_o ill_a wife_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v very_o necessary_a that_o in_o this_o they_o shall_v have_v a_o free_a power_n for_o by_o this_o they_o prevent_v vice_n and_o encourage_v virtue_n and_o give_v occasion_n both_o to_o wife_n and_o child_n of_o well_o do_v which_o can_v not_o be_v if_o they_o know_v undoubted_o that_o they_o shall_v have_v a_o certain_a portion_n whether_o the_o testator_n will_v or_o not_o of_o the_o institute_n of_o heir_n tit._n fourteen_o the_o civillian_n and_o we_o have_v a_o different_a acceptation_n of_o the_o word_n heir_n for_o they_o call_v he_o a_o heir_n who_o the_o testator_n nominate_v in_o his_o will_n ordinand_n will_n inst_z de_fw-fr testam_fw-la ordinand_n and_o we_o he_o who_o be_v next_o of_o kin_n to_o the_o party_n decease_v to_o who_o a_o fee_n do_v of_o right_o belong_v after_o the_o death_n of_o the_o ancestor_n 119._o ancestor_n glan_n l._n 7_o c._n 1._o brac._n l._n 2._o c._n 33._o â—_o 3._o brit._n c._n 118_o 119._o so_o that_o we_o affirm_v it_o be_v not_o man_n but_o god_n who_o make_v heir_n ib._n heir_n glan_n &_o brit._n ib._n and_o that_o here_o be_v come_v from_o hereditate_fw-la where_o succession_n be_v by_o right_a of_o blood_n ib._n blood_n brit._n ib._n nor_o do_v we_o call_v all_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o party_n decease_v his_o inheritance_n but_o only_o his_o fee_n or_o at_o lest_o those_o land_n &_o tenement_n with_o all_o thing_n corporal_a and_o incorporal_a which_o the_o party_n decease_v hold_v by_o a_o perpetual_a right_n ib._n right_n jidem_fw-la ib._n wherefore_o it_o be_v necessity_n which_o in_o some_o sort_n constitute_v a_o heir_n who_o as_o he_o be_v wont_a to_o succeed_v his_o ancestor_n in_o the_o premise_n even_o against_o his_o will_n so_o be_v he_o oblige_v to_o pay_v his_o debt_n if_o he_o have_v asset_n sufficient_a and_o the_o chattel_n do_v not_o suffice_v 1._o suffice_v glan_n l._n 7._o c._n 7._o brac._n l._n 2._o c._n 26._o n._n 1._o as_o we_o have_v in_o part_n declare_v before_o 1._o wherefore_o a_o heir_n with_o we_o do_v not_o succeed_v to_o the_o universal_a right_n of_o the_o party_n decease_v but_o to_o the_o fee_n assign_v only_o for_o as_o to_o the_o dispose_n of_o chattel_n man_n nominate_v their_o executor_n according_a to_o their_o pleasure_n 10_o pleasure_n glan_n l._n 7._o â—_o 6_o brac._n ib._n dr._n stu_fw-la l_o 2_o c_o 10_o who_o as_o to_o that_o part_n of_o the_o patrimony_n supply_v the_o place_n of_o a_o heir_n and_o represent_v the_o person_n of_o the_o testator_n if_o at_o least_o they_o accept_v the_o office_n 122_o office_n bro_n executor_n 5_o 21_o 22_o 57_o 77_o 84_o 122_o so_o that_o they_o may_v convert_v all_o those_o good_n which_o be_v not_o bequeath_v to_o their_o own_o use_n 943_o use_n blow_n 943_o and_o take_v even_o the_o clothes_n of_o the_o widow_n if_o they_o be_v more_o rich_a and_o sumptuous_a than_o the_o condition_n of_o the_o husband_n will_v bear_v 19_o bear_v bro._n ib_o 19_o a_o executor_n may_v also_o be_v ordain_v either_o absosolute_o or_o upon_o condition_n 45_o condition_n id._n ib_o 9_o &_o administrat_fw-la 1_n &_o 45_o and_o either_o from_o a_o certain_a time_n or_o after_o a_o certain_a time_n 155_o time_n bro_n exec_n 155_o and_o either_o universal_o or_o particular_o 8_o particular_o id_fw-la ib_fw-la 2_o and_o 155_o l_o dier_n foe_n 3_o 4_o n_z 7_o 8_o and_o in_o the_o first_o degree_n or_o by_o substitution_n ibid._n substitution_n id_fw-la ibid._n and_o either_o one_o or_o more_o 117_o more_o id_fw-la ibid._n 13_o 24_o 38_o 117_o 3._o and_o those_o may_v be_v executor_n who_o the_o testator_n shall_v constitute_v whether_o they_o be_v stranger_n or_o parent_n of_o kin_n or_o not_o of_o kin_n 2_o kin_n brac_n l_o 2_o c_o 26_o n_o 2_o and_o not_o only_o those_o who_o be_v free_a but_o servant_n also_o and_o those_o whether_o our_o own_o or_o of_o other_o 68_o other_o lit_n l_o 2_o c_o 11_o bro_n villain_n 68_o nor_o only_a layman_n but_o even_o of_o the_o clergy_n also_o and_o religious_a 77_o religious_a bro_n ib_o 68_o 77_o if_o they_o have_v the_o permission_n of_o their_o superior_n 47_o superior_n fitz._n abrid_n execut_n 47_o so_o also_o may_v woman_n throughout_o woman_n bro._n execut_n throughout_o and_o infant_n 15_o infant_n id_fw-la ib_fw-la 15_o and_o in_o fine_a all_o who_o be_v not_o express_o forbid_v by_o the_o law_n 4_o law_n glan_n l_o 7_o c_o 6_o 4_o 4._o not_o that_o any_o one_o be_v against_o his_o will_n force_v upon_o this_o office_n but_o that_o he_o that_o will_n may_v refuse_v and_o he_o who_o have_v once_o refuse_v may_v notwithstanding_o afterward_o undertake_v it_o 85._o it_o bro_n ib_o 38._o 117_o perk_n 4_o 85._o though_o according_a to_o the_o opinion_n of_o some_o he_o can_v during_o the_o life_n of_o his_o co-executor_n 42._o co-executor_n dier_n foe_n 160_o n_o 42._o but_o be_v once_o undertake_v it_o can_v be_v lay_v down_o again_o and_o the_o undertake_n of_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v when_o he_o do_v under_o that_o name_n intermeddle_v with_o any_o of_o the_o good_n of_o the_o testator_n 11._o testator_n id._n f._n 166._o n._n 10._o 11._o if_o a_o executor_n die_v before_o the_o will_v prove_v than_o administration_n of_o the_o good_n shall_v be_v grant_v by_o the_o ordinary_a to_o the_o widow_n or_o next_o kinsman_n of_o the_o testator_n who_o shall_v be_v oblige_v to_o dispose_v of_o the_o good_n of_o the_o testator_n according_a to_o the_o will_n unless_o the_o remainder_n of_o the_o good_n after_o the_o payment_n of_o debt_n and_o legacy_n be_v bequeath_v unto_o he_o for_o in_o this_o case_n the_o executor_n of_o that_o executor_n may_v just_o challenge_v administration_n which_o the_o will_v annex_v 8._o annex_v id._n foe_o 172_o n._n 8._o of_o the_o ordinary_a substitution_n tit._n xv._o substitution_n be_v of_o no_o small_a use_n with_o we_o though_o we_o do_v for_o the_o most_o part_n in_o this_o follow_v the_o precept_n and_o rule_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n yet_o we_o can_v so_o free_o dispose_v of_o those_o fee_n which_o we_o hold_v by_o knight_n service_n by_o our_o testament_n but_o that_o we_o be_v oblige_v to_o leave_v a_o three_o part_n to_o the_o heir_n 7_o heir_n 32._o h._n 8._o c._n 1._o glan_n l._n 7._o c._n 7_o but_o for_o those_o which_o we_o hold_v in_o soccage_n not_o entail_v 30._o entail_v brac._n l._n 2_o c._n 30._o or_o tie_v by_o any_o particular_a custom_n ib._n custom_n glan_n ib._n we_o may_v bequeath_v they_o to_o who_o we_o will_v whether_o to_o a_o kinsman_n or_o stranger_n 1._o stranger_n 32_o h._n 8._o c._n 1._o provide_v we_o hold_v no_o other_o land_n in_o capite_fw-la by_o knight_n service_n and_o in_o each_o of_o these_o case_n we_o may_v make_v substitution_n either_o vulgariter_fw-la as_o they_o term_v it_o or_o pupillariter_fw-la now_o this_o substitution_n be_v nothing_o else_o than_o the_o add_v of_o a_o condition_n which_o we_o common_o call_v tail_n namely_o a_o limitation_n of_o heir_n to_o who_o we_o intend_v to_o have_v the_o land_n descend_v from_o the_o testator_n or_o remain_v or_o otherwise_o revert_v to_o we_o and_o our_o heir_n 1._o yet_o be_v not_o this_o substitution_n the_o same_o with_o that_o of_o the_o roman_n
although_o for_o the_o most_o part_n it_o leave_v the_o case_n of_o will_n to_o be_v try_v by_o the_o ecclesiastical_a court_n according_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o civil_a and_o common_a law_n yet_o be_v there_o certan_a particular_a case_n of_o land_n and_o chattel_n real_o and_o which_o she_o have_v reserve_v to_o herself_o and_o those_o with_o as_o much_o brevity_n as_o we_o can_v we_o shall_v sum_v up_o 2._o and_o in_o the_o first_o place_n all_o may_v give_v legacy_n who_o be_v capable_a of_o make_v will_n and_o who_o they_o be_v we_o have_v former_o mention_v but_o no_o man_n can_v right_o bequeath_v land_n or_o tenement_n who_o have_v not_o the_o possession_n of_o they_o at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o make_n of_o the_o will_n 8._o will_n fulb._n par._n e._n devise_n foe_n 37._o a._n 32._o 34._o h._n 8._o which_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v if_o no_o other_o person_n be_v not_o also_o in_o possession_n in_o his_o right_n or_o name_n for_o one_o may_v bequeath_v a_o reversion_n 3._o all_o man_n also_o be_v capable_a of_o legacy_n who_o be_v not_o especial_o except_v by_o the_o law_n which_o be_v religious_a person_n and_o person_n not_o yet_o in_o be_v although_o they_o afterward_o shall_v be_v as_o if_o one_o make_v a_o bequest_n to_o such_o a_o college_n or_o chantry_n of_o which_o name_n though_o there_o be_v not_o any_o at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o testator_n death_n yet_o there_o happen_v to_o be_v one_o afterward_o b._n afterward_o perk._n 505_o fulb._n ib._n foe_n 35._o b._n but_o a_o post_n humus_fw-la in_o favour_n of_o testament_n although_o he_o be_v in_o the_o womb_n be_v notwitstand_v suppose_v to_o have_v be_v devise_n be_v term_n v._o devise_n 4_o a_o husband_n although_o he_o can_v make_v a_o gift_n to_o his_o wife_n in_o his_o life_n time_n because_o they_o be_v both_o adjudge_v one_o and_o the_o same_o person_n during_o matrimony_n yet_o he_o may_v give_v and_o bequeath_v land_n unto_o she_o by_o will_n in_o regard_n that_o legacy_n take_v no_o effect_n before_o the_o death_n of_o the_o testator_n by_o which_o this_o conjunction_n be_v dissolve_v a._n dissolve_v fulb._n ib._n 36._o a._n 5._o one_o may_v also_o give_v a_o legacy_n to_o a_o uncertain_a person_n which_o may_v afterward_o be_v render_v certain_a as_o a_o annuity_n be_v give_v to_o a._n for_o life_n and_o after_o his_o death_n to_o he_o who_o shall_v first_o in_o the_o morning_n enter_v saint_n paul_n church_n and_o to_o his_o heir_n b._n enter_v in_o the_o morning_n before_o any_o one_o else_o this_o legacy_n shall_v inure_v not_o only_o to_o a._n but_o to_o b._n and_o his_o heir_n also_o ib._n also_o id._n ib._n 6._o a_o body_n politic_a unless_o by_o the_o king_n particular_a charter_n be_v not_o in_o capacity_n of_o receive_v a_o estate_n bequeath_v 505_o bequeath_v perk._n 505_o 7._o by_o our_o ancient_a law_n fee_n can_v not_o be_v bequeath_v by_o will_n 14._o will_n id._n 537._o brit._n c._n 34._o 27._o h._n 8._o c._n 10._o dr._n stu._n l._n 1._o c._n 7._o and_o c._n 20._o dier_n foe_fw-mi 74._o n._n 14._o but_o necessary_o descend_v to_o the_o next_o heir_n 54._o heir_n glan_n l._n 7._o c._n 1._o bract._n l._n 2._o c._n 26._o dier_n foe_fw-mi 127._o n._n 54._o except_o contrary_a to_o the_o common_a law_n the_o particular_a custom_n of_o any_o city_n or_o corporation_n permit_v i._o permit_v lit._n l._n 2._o c._n 18._o f._n n._n b._n 198._o i._o unless_o the_o heir_n consent_v to_o such_o bequest_n whosoever_o therefore_o will_v by_o his_o will_v give_v land_n to_o another_o do_v first_o infeoff_v one_o in_o they_o to_o the_o use_n of_o himself_o and_o his_o heir_n 528._o heir_n perk._n 528._o and_o by_o this_o mean_v he_o may_v bequeath_v the_o use_n of_o the_o say_a land_n although_o he_o can_v not_o the_o land_n themselves_o unto_o a_o three_o person_n 97._o person_n id._n ib._n 97._o but_o late_a time_n have_v remedy_v this_o inconveniency_n or_o rather_o poor_a and_o weak_a comment_n and_o have_v decree_v that_o not_o only_o use_v but_o even_o the_o land_n themselves_o with_o some_o moderation_n may_v be_v bequeath_v 30._o bequeath_v 32._o h._n 8._o c._n 1._o bro._n testam_fw-la 19_o swinb_n part_n 3._o s._n 4._o coo._n l._n 7._o case_n butler_n foe_fw-mi 30._o for_o of_o a_o knight_n fee_n we_o be_v yet_o oblige_v to_o leave_v the_o heir_n a_o three_o part_n and_o we_o be_v prohibit_v the_o bequeath_v of_o land_n by_o a_o will_v nuncupative_a in_o regard_n of_o the_o deceit_n and_o fraud_n they_o be_v subject_a unto_o 21._o unto_o dier_n 155._o n._n 21._o 8._o if_o a_o man_n and_o his_o wife_n joint_o purchase_v land_n to_o they_o and_o the_o heir_n of_o the_o man_n and_o the_o husband_n bequeath_v they_o after_o the_o death_n of_o he_o and_o his_o wife_n to_o a_o stranger_n this_o be_v good_a for_o in_o this_o case_n the_o husband_n have_v the_o fee-simple_n 539._o fee-simple_n perk._n 539._o 9_o if_o there_o be_v two_o joynt-tenant_n in_o fee-simple_n where_o by_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o place_n land_n and_o tenement_n may_v be_v give_v by_o will_n and_o one_o of_o they_o bequeath_v his_o right_n to_o a_o three_o person_n this_o be_v void_a for_o since_o a_o will_n be_v not_o in_o force_n until_o the_o death_n of_o the_o testator_n the_o right_a of_o a_o joynt-tenant_n at_o the_o very_a instant_n of_o his_o death_n be_v transfer_v by_o law_n unto_o his_o fellow_n 15_o fellow_n inst_z jur._n com._n c._n 15_o which_o notwithstanding_o be_v otherwise_o in_o partner_n because_o partner_n have_v their_o land_n by_o blood_n and_o inheritance_n and_o not_o by_o the_o courtesy_n or_o pleasure_n of_o a_o donor_n joynt-tenant_n have_v they_o ib._n they_o ib._n 10._o a_o man_n may_v also_o appoint_v by_o his_o will_n that_o his_o executor_n may_v sell_v those_o land_n which_o he_o have_v in_o fee_n and_o which_o he_o may_v bequeath_v and_o that_o the_o profit_n arise_v from_o such_o sail_n may_v be_v employ_v for_o pious_a use_n or_o for_o the_o good_a of_o his_o soul_n 4._o soul_n perk._n 422._o 541._o 543._o 21._o h._n 8._o c._n 4._o but_o iâ—_n they_o shall_v cease_v to_o fulfil_v the_o command_n of_o the_o testator_n within_o two_o year_n the_o heir_n may_v enter_v upon_o they_o and_o eject_v they_o 523._o they_o fulb._n par_fw-fr c._n devise_n foe_n 40._o blow_n foe_fw-mi 523._o 11._o a._n be_v tenant_n in_o socage_n give_v the_o land_n which_o he_o have_v in_o fee-simple_n to_o his_o wife_n for_o term_v of_o life_n the_o remainder_n to_o b._n his_o brother_n son_n and_o the_o heir_n male_n of_o his_o body_n and_o if_o it_o shall_v happen_v the_o say_a b._n to_o die_v without_o heir_n of_o his_o body_n beget_v not_o express_o nor_o implicitly_a name_n male_n there_o the_o say_a remainder_n to_o c._n another_o kinsman_n and_o his_o heir_n male_n in_o fee-simple_n and_o for_o defect_n of_o heir_n male_n of_o the_o say_v c._n then_o to_o the_o next_o heir_n male_n of_o the_o say_a lineage_n lawful_o beget_v b._n die_v leave_v only_a issue_n d._n a_o daughter_n the_o question_n be_v whether_o d._n shall_v have_v the_o land_n by_o force_n of_o those_o word_n and_o if_o it_o shall_v happen_v etc._n etc._n or_o some_o other_o heir_n male_a more_o remote_a but_o it_o be_v adjudge_v that_o those_o word_n do_v not_o create_v a_o general_a tail_n to_o the_o heir_n of_o b._n or_o hinder_v the_o land_n from_o remain_v to_o the_o heir_n male_n according_a as_o devise_v 7._o devise_v dier_n 171._o n._n 7._o 12._o chattel_n of_o any_o sort_n may_v be_v bequeath_v by_o will_n 511._o will_n perk._n 511._o wherefore_o the_o profit_n arise_v either_o from_o the_o custody_n of_o a_o body_n or_o land_n of_o a_o ward_n a_o lease_n for_o year_n horse_n ox_n sheep_n gold_n silver_n either_o in_o plate_n or_o money_n ring_n all_o manner_n of_o vessel_n without_o exception_n be_v diviseable_a 525._o diviseable_a id._n 525._o unless_o the_o testator_n have_v but_o a_o joint_a possession_n of_o they_o at_o the_o time_n of_o his_o death_n 3._o death_n dr._n and._n stu._n l_o 1._o c._n 6._o lit._n l._n 3._o c._n 3._o and_o unless_o they_o be_v affix_v to_o the_o fee_n or_o freehold_n and_o can_v be_v repute_v parcel_n of_o it_o be_v remove_v without_o waist_n 65._o waist_n bro._n execut._n 65._o 13._o monies_n also_o due_a upon_o bond_n or_o condition_n may_v be_v devise_v for_o that_o after_o they_o be_v pay_v to_o the_o executor_n they_o be_v due_a to_o the_o legatee_n 527._o legatee_n perk._n 527._o 14._o chattel_n which_o a_o man_n have_v in_o right_a of_o his_o wife_n as_o lease_n for_o year_n etc._n etc._n be_v deviseable_a 560._o deviseable_a id._n 560._o 15._o a_o thing_n uncertain_a may_v be_v also_o devise_v so_o long_o as_o it_o may_v be_v reduce_v to_o
other_o ornament_n or_o ox_n either_o give_v or_o promise_v hire_n such_o a_o care_n be_v require_v of_o he_o as_o a_o diligent_a master_n of_o a_o family_n will_v have_v which_o be_v have_v if_o the_o thing_n by_o accident_n happen_v to_o be_v lose_v he_o be_v not_o bind_v to_o make_v restitution_n unless_o it_o be_v agree_v otherwise_o nor_o be_v it_o sufficient_a that_o he_o have_v such_o a_o care_n of_o they_o as_o of_o his_o own_o good_n 59_o good_n brac._n ib._n dr._n &_o stu._n l._n 1._o c._n 23._o l._n 2._o 6._o 4._o flet._n l._n 2._o c._n 59_o 5._o let_v of_o land_n and_o immovables_n be_v at_o this_o day_n the_o great_a occasion_n of_o suit_n of_o all_o other_o wherefore_o it_o be_v requisite_a that_o we_o shall_v speak_v more_o large_o in_o this_o place_n of_o these_o particular_n every_o one_o may_v make_v a_o lease_n of_o land_n who_o hold_v they_o in_o fee_n whether_o he_o have_v fee-simple_n or_o fee-tail_n and_o whether_o he_o be_v possess_v in_o his_o own_o right_n in_o the_o right_n of_o his_o wise_a or_o of_o a_o church_n 28._o church_n 32._o h._n 8._o c._n 28._o which_o be_v also_o true_a in_o those_o who_o hold_v as_o partner_n 3_o partner_n lit._n l._n 3._o c._n 3_o so_o also_o cestuy_n qui_fw-fr use_n 5._o use_n id._n ib._n c._n 5._o a_o body_n politic_a may_v make_v a_o lease_n but_o not_o without_o writing_n 42._o writing_n bro._n lease_n 32._o 42._o as_o also_o he_o who_o have_v a_o freehold_n 4._o freehold_n id._n ib._n 4._o or_o a_o lease_n provide_v he_o exceed_v not_o his_o term_n and_o guardian_n until_o their_o pupil_n and_o ward_n come_v to_o age_n 6._o he_o that_o have_v a_o fee-simple_n in_o his_o own_o right_n may_v make_v a_o lease_n for_o as_o many_o year_n as_o he_o please_v provide_v it_o be_v not_o to_o a_o body_n politic_a lest_o by_o exceed_v it_o seem_v a_o demise_n in_o mortmain_n 47._o mortmain_n bro._n ib._n 47._o he_o who_o have_v a_o fee-tail_n in_o his_o own_o or_o fee-simple_n in_o another_o right_n viz._n either_o in_o the_o right_n of_o a_o church_n or_o of_o his_o wife_n be_v tie_v a_o little_a more_o strict_o for_o that_o they_o can_v lease_v land_n by_o a_o new_a lease_n which_o be_v already_o let_v for_o above_o the_o term_n of_o a_o year_n nor_o any_o which_o be_v not_o usual_o wont_a to_o be_v let_v within_o the_o space_n of_o 20._o year_n past_a nor_o those_o for_o a_o less_o rent_n than_o they_o former_o be_v let_v for_o or_o for_o a_o long_a term_n than_o 21._o year_n or_o three_o life_n and_o that_o without_o permission_n of_o waste_n to_o these_o also_o may_v be_v add_v that_o he_o who_o have_v a_o fee_n in_o right_a of_o his_o wife_n may_v let_v it_o joint_o with_o his_o wife_n but_o have_v no_o power_n to_o alienate_v the_o rent_n but_o it_o shall_v come_v to_o the_o right_a heir_n of_o his_o wife_n after_o her_o decease_n 28._o decease_n 32._o h._n 8._o c._n 28._o 7._o archbishop_n &_o bishop_n can_v let_v the_o land_n of_o their_o church_n for_o above_o 21._o year_n or_o 3._o life_n to_o be_v account_v from_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o lease_n nor_o for_o less_o rent_n than_o it_o former_o go_v for_o nor_o for_o less_o than_o former_o it_o use_v to_o be_v let_v for_o 65._o for_o 1_o eliz._n not_o print_v dyer_n foe_n 145._o n._n 65._o 8._o master_n and_o fellow_n of_o college_n dean_n and_o chapter_n warden_n of_o hospital_n and_o all_o ecclesiastical_a person_n be_v prohibt_v 10._o prohibt_v 13._o eliz._n c._n 10._o to_o let_v their_o church_n or_o college_n land_n for_o more_o than_o 3._o life_n or_o 21._o year_n to_o be_v account_v from_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o lease_n nor_o this_o without_o their_o private_a statute_n permit_v nor_o so_o unless_o the_o lease_n which_o be_v on_o foot_n if_o there_o be_v any_o be_v within_o three_o year_n of_o expire_a 11._o expire_a 18._o eliz._n c._n 11._o beside_o the_o college_n of_o both_o university_n as_o of_o eton_n and_o winchester_n be_v oblige_v to_o take_v the_o three_o part_n of_o their_o rent_n in_o corn_n 11._o corn_n 14._o eliz._n c._n 11._o yet_o be_v they_o not_o prohibit_v from_o let_v free_o those_o house_n which_o they_o have_v in_o any_o city_n burrough_n town_n corporate_a or_o public_a market_n town_n with_o the_o land_n belong_v to_o they_o provide_v they_o exceed_v not_o ten_o acre_n according_a to_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n if_o it_o be_v not_o contrary_a to_o the_o private_a statute_n of_o their_o college_n ib._n college_n id._n ib._n 9_o it_o be_v not_o without_o reason_n question_v whether_o a_o prebendary_a of_o a_o cathedral_n church_n may_v lawful_o let_v part_n of_o his_o prebendary_a procure_v the_o say_a lease_n to_o be_v confirm_v by_o the_o dean_n and_o chapter_n without_o any_o consent_n of_o the_o bishop_n the_o bishop_n be_v both_o patron_n and_o ordinary_a of_o every_o prebendary_a but_o continual_a and_o daily_a custom_n have_v render_v his_o consent_n unnecessary_a and_o useless_a 30._o useless_a dyâ—r_n fol._n 61._o n._n 30._o 10._o those_o who_o have_v benefice_n can_v make_v a_o lease_n for_o any_o time_n long_o than_o they_o reside_v there_o the_o liberty_n of_o be_v absent_a 80._o day_n every_o year_n be_v always_o permit_v they_o unless_o by_o the_o law_n they_o be_v permit_v to_o have_v two_o in_o which_o case_n in_o regard_n he_o can_v possible_o continual_o reside_v at_o both_o he_o may_v let_v one_o to_o his_o curate_n 20._o curate_n 13._o eliz._n c._n 20._o 11._o land_n and_o tenement_n be_v often_o let_v for_o the_o life_n of_o the_o lessee_n 6._o lessee_n lit._n l._n 1._o c._n 6._o or_o another_o life_n ib._n life_n id._n ib._n or_o for_o more_o life_n ib._n life_n id._n ib._n or_o for_o term_n of_o year_n ib._n year_n id._n ib._n or_o last_o for_o a_o life_n and_o afterward_o that_o be_v expire_v for_o a_o term_n of_o year_n 51._o year_n bro._n lea_n 51._o and_o that_o either_o by_o writing_n or_o without_o ib._n without_o littl._n ib._n nor_o by_o indenture_n only_o but_o by_o deed-pol_n 148_o deed-pol_n f_o n_o b_o 148_o 12._o but_o if_o any_o one_o let_v his_o land_n by_o writing_n or_o without_o not_o mention_v any_o term_n but_o give_v the_o lessee_n possession_n he_o be_v presume_v to_o let_v they_o for_o the_o life_n of_o the_o lessee_n 152._o lessee_n lit._n l._n 2_o c._n l_o blow_n 152._o 13._o there_o be_v no_o need_n of_o give_v possession_n to_o a_o lessee_n for_o year_n for_o he_o may_v enter_v by_o virtue_n of_o his_o lease_n unless_o beside_o the_o lease_n there_o be_v a_o grant_n of_o a_o remainder_n to_o another_o for_o life_n or_o in_o fee_n in_o the_o same_o deed_n 7._o deed_n lit._n l._n 1_o c._n 7._o for_o if_o a_o man_n make_v a_o lease_n of_o land_n for_o year_n though_o he_o be_v lessee_n before_o yet_o he_o do_v right_o take_v possession_n of_o the_o say_a land_n by_o this_o mean_n ib_fw-la mean_n id_fw-la ib_fw-la 14._o lessor_n be_v bind_v to_o warranty_n to_o the_o lessee_n for_o the_o lessee_n be_v eject_v before_o the_o term_n end_v may_v have_v his_o action_n of_o covenant_n against_o the_o lessor_n 8_o lessor_n f_o n_n b_o foe_o 145_o m_n dier_n 328_o n_o 8_o and_o that_o whether_o he_o be_v disseise_v by_o the_o lessor_n himself_o or_o by_o a_o more_o ancient_a title_n nor_o only_o he_o but_o his_o assignee_n ib_o assignee_n id._n ib_o 15._o but_o if_o a_o three_o person_n eject_v he_o against_o right_n he_o shall_v recover_v damage_n against_o the_o ejector_n ib_fw-la ejector_n id_fw-la ib_fw-la unless_o the_o lessor_n agree_v by_o indenture_n that_o in_o case_n the_o lessee_n be_v eject_v he_o shall_v have_v his_o action_n of_o covenant_n against_o he_o id_fw-la he_o id_fw-la id_fw-la 16._o lessee_n for_o life_n by_o indenture_n in_o regard_n he_o have_v a_o freehold_n shall_v not_o have_v a_o action_n of_o covenant_n against_o the_o lessor_n in_o case_n he_o eject_v he_o before_o his_o term_n end_v but_o a_o assize_n ib._n assize_n id._n ib._n 17._o where_o a_o lease_n be_v but_o for_o a_o year_n and_o so_o from_o year_n to_o year_n the_o lessor_n can_v eject_v the_o lessee_n at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o term_n nor_o can_v the_o lessee_n go_v out_o against_o the_o will_n of_o the_o lessor_n for_o whosoever_o of_o they_o will_v recede_v from_o the_o agreement_n aught_o to_o give_v the_o other_o warning_n 22._o warning_n bro._n lease_n 13._o 22._o 18._o lessor_n can_v remove_v his_o tenant_n at_o will_n so_o as_o to_o hinder_v he_o from_o take_v the_o profit_n of_o his_o seed_n or_o corn_n sow_v or_o without_o grant_v he_o convenient_a time_n to_o remove_v his_o household_n stuff_n because_o the_o time_n be_v well_o enough_o force-seen_a and_o know_v to_o he_o ib._n
of_o patronage_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o fee_n which_o we_o possess_v and_o these_o 〈◊〉_d term_v the_o lord_n of_o the_o fee_n patronus_fw-la fee_n prat_n â—i_fw-la lexicon_fw-la verb._n patronus_fw-la and_o theâ—â—_n be_v very_o few_o infant_n that_o succeed_v to_o good_a estate_n who_o escape_v their_o wardship_n and_o custody_n for_o as_o there_o be_v none_o with_o we_o except_o 〈◊〉_d crown_n who_o be_v seize_v of_o their_o estate_n anâ—_n tenement_n in_o a_o free_a or_o large_a title_n thâ—â—_n fee_n so_o be_v there_o scarce_o any_o fee_n less_o worth_a but_o that_o it_o be_v bind_v to_o the_o lord_n or_o a_o patroâ—_n by_o knight_n service_n now_o those_o thing_n whicâ—_n be_v proper_a to_o this_o service_n be_v guard_n maâ—â—age_n and_o relief_n 4_o relief_n lit._n l._n 2._o c._n 4_o 1._o a_o infant_n heir_n who_o succeed_v his_o ancestor_n 4._o ancestor_n f._n b._n 262._o fletl_n 1._o c._n 11._o dyer_n 362._o gla._n l._n 7._o c._n 9_o bract._n l._n 2._o c._n 32._o brit._n c._n 66._o lit._n l._n 2._o c._n 4._o in_o knight_n service_n remain_v under_o the_o guard_n and_o custody_n of_o his_o lord_n uâ—till_o he_o come_v to_o perfect_a age_n for_o before_o thâ—â—_n age_n he_o be_v not_o adjudge_v capable_a of_o those_o warâ—ick_a accomplishment_n requisite_a for_o a_o knight_n â—nd_v due_a to_o his_o lord_n by_o reason_n of_o his_o teâ—ure_n notwithstanding_o that_o it_o fall_v out_o sometimes_o that_o age_n be_v dispense_v with_o some_o be_v elect_v into_o the_o order_n of_o knighthood_n before_o â—hey_n be_v complete_a one_o and_o twenty_o year_n old_a but_o our_o law_n suppose_v these_o to_o be_v able_a to_o do_v those_o office_n due_a to_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o fee_n wherefore_o they_o be_v out_o of_o the_o custody_n though_o infant_n 267._o infant_n brook_z tit_n gard._n 42._o &_o 72_o fulbeck_n in_o paral_n f._n 29._o plough_v 267._o 2._o and_o this_o right_n of_o custody_n spring_v from_o â—his_fw-la reason_n that_o since_o he_o who_o hold_v by_o knight_n service_n be_v oblige_v according_a to_o the_o agreement_n at_o the_o first_o invest_n of_o the_o estate_n â—o_o follow_v his_o lord_n as_o a_o knight_n in_o the_o king_n war_n it_o be_v presume_v that_o no_o man_n will_v be_v more_o careful_a in_o train_v up_o the_o infant_n in_o â—eats_n of_o arm_n than_o the_o lord_n himself_o 16._o himself_o fort._n c._n 44._o polid._n virg._n l._n 16._o 3._o but_o if_o such_o a_o heir_n be_v female_a she_o remain_v in_o custody_n according_a to_o the_o ancient_n 3._o ancient_n bract._n l._n 2._o c._n 37._o n._n 3._o but_o till_o fifteen_o and_o according_a to_o our_o modern_n no_o long_o than_o sixteen_o year_n of_o age_n 4_o age_n lit._n l._n 2._o c._n 4_o â—or_a no_o soon_o do_v they_o come_v to_o that_o age_n but_o they_o be_v immediate_o presume_v to_o be_v able_a to_o govern_v their_o house_n and_o to_o marry_v such_o a_o husband_n that_o shall_v be_v capable_a of_o do_v the_o service_n due_a to_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o fee_n ibid._n fee_n bract._n &_o lit._n ibid._n but_o if_o she_o be_v complete_a fourteen_o year_n old_a at_o the_o death_n of_o her_o ancestor_n neither_o her_o body_n or_o land_n shall_v fall_v under_o the_o custody_n of_o the_o lord_n 7._o lord_n lit._n l._n 2._o c._n 4._o mert._n c._n 6._o west_n 1._o c_o 22._o instit_fw-la jur._n com._n c._n 24._o br._n tit_n gard._n 7._o 4._o but_o if_o in_o this_o case_n it_o come_v in_o question_n whether_o the_o heir_n be_v a_o infant_n or_o not_o he_o shall_v remain_v in_o custody_n until_o it_o be_v determine_v b._n determine_v brac._n l._n 2._o c._n 37._o brit._n c._n 66_o fol._n 167._o b._n 5._o if_o a_o knight_n fee_n descend_v to_o a_o heir_n 〈◊〉_d the_o mother_n side_n the_o father_n live_v shalâ—_n have_v the_o guard_n of_o his_o body_n and_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o land_n for_o it_o be_v a_o maxim_n that_o no_o one_o as_o to_o his_o person_n shall_v fall_v into_o the_o custody_n of_o the_o lord_n his_o father_n live_v 4._o live_v lit._n l._n 2._o c._n 4._o 6._o if_o land_n discend_v to_o a_o wife_n who_o after_o issue_n have_v by_o her_o husband_n die_v so_o that_o the_o husband_n for_o default_n of_o have_v possession_n 〈◊〉_d the_o land_n in_o the_o life_n of_o his_o wife_n can_v be_v tenant_n by_o the_o courtesy_n of_o england_n in_o this_o case_n the_o issue_n unless_o it_o be_v heir_n to_o the_o father_n as_o be_v his_o elder_a son_n shall_v be_v in_o custody_n and_o if_o such_o issue_n be_v a_o female_a and_o a_o infant_n at_o the_o death_n of_o her_o mother_n she_o shall_v remain_v if_o her_o father_n have_v a_o son_n live_v in_o custody_n notwithstanding_o her_o father_n be_v alive_a 143._o alive_a f._n b._n fol._n 143._o 7._o lord_n of_o a_o knight_n fee_n may_v transfer_v the_o guard_n of_o his_o tenant_n to_o another_o from_o whence_o there_o arise_v this_o distinction_n of_o guardian_n iâ—_n law_n and_o guardian_n in_o tail_n guardian_n iâ—_n law_n be_v the_o lord_n himself_o guardian_n in_o tail_n be_v he_o to_o who_o the_o lord_n have_v grant_v the_o the_o custody_n of_o his_o heir_n 4._o heir_n bract._n l._n 2._o c._n 37._o n._n 3._o lit._n l._n 2._o c._n 4._o 8._o there_o be_v also_o a_o guardian_n simple_o and_o original_o so_o call_v and_o a_o guardian_n by_o accident_n from_o the_o cause_n of_o custody_n original_o be_v he_o who_o in_o right_n of_o his_o fee_n have_v the_o custody_n of_o his_o tenant_n causary_o be_v he_o who_o for_o that_o he_o have_v the_o custody_n of_o his_o own_o tenant_n be_v yet_o a_o infant_n have_v upon_o that_o score_n the_o custody_n of_o another_o who_o be_v tenant_n to_o his_o ward_n 38._o ward_n f._n b._n fol._n 139._o d._n dyer_n 123_o n._n 38._o for_o a_o infant_n can_v be_v guardiâ—â—_n of_o a_o infant_n 11._o infant_n flet._n l._n 1._o c._n 11._o â—_o when_o there_o be_v a_o heir_n male_a or_o female_a â—ho_n have_v many_o capital_a lord_n they_o can_v 〈◊〉_d have_v the_o custody_n of_o the_o heir_n and_o therefore_o one_o must_v be_v prefer_v before_o the_o rest_n â—nd_v that_o be_v he_o who_o first_o enfeoff_v the_o tenant_n 〈◊〉_d knight_n service_n the_o rest_n shall_v only_o be_v permit_v the_o custody_n of_o the_o land_n which_o â—â—e_v hold_v of_o their_o fee_n 2._o fee_n bract._n l._n 2._o c._n 37._o n._n 4_o etc._n etc._n stamf._n prerog_n c._n 2._o 10._o but_o if_o any_o heir_n hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o â—â—pite_n by_o knight_n service_n whether_o he_o have_v â—â—her_a lord_n or_o not_o the_o king_n shall_v be_v prefer_v before_o the_o rest_n to_o the_o custody_n of_o the_o â—eir_n and_o that_o notwithstanding_o priority_n or_o posteriority_n of_o infeoff_v for_o that_o the_o king_n â—ath_v no_o equal_a or_o superior_a in_o his_o realm_n sup_n realm_n glan_n l._n 7._o c._n 10._o bract._n &_o stam._n ut_fw-la sup_n 11._o a_o ward_n who_o be_v once_o free_v from_o the_o custody_n of_o his_o guardian_n as_o by_o marry_v or_o contract_v matrimony_n with_o his_o consent_n â—â—all_v not_o return_v again_o into_o the_o custody_n and_o â—â—at_o notwithstanding_o he_o be_v under_o fourteen_o â—ears_n of_o age_n or_o afterward_o that_o he_o shall_v marâ—y_v before_o 21._o 4._o 21._o bract._n l._n 2._o c._n 38._o n._n 1._o lit._n l._n 2._o c_o 4._o 12._o if_o there_o shall_v be_v many_o daughter_n coâ—cites_v who_o hold_v by_o knight_n service_n they_o â—hall_v be_v all_o under_o the_o custody_n of_o the_o capital_a â—ord_n and_o none_o under_o the_o custody_n of_o the_o mother_n 6._o mother_n bract._n l._n 2._o c._n 37._o n._n 6._o of_o the_o legal_a guardianship_n of_o parent_n tit._n xviii_o the_o father_n be_v prefer_v before_o all_o other_o to_o the_o custody_n of_o his_o elder_a soâ—_n for_o if_o a_o inheritance_n fall_v to_o such_o a_o infaâ—â—_n who_o have_v a_o father_n live_v notwithstanding_o that_o the_o land_n if_o they_o be_v hold_v in_o knight_n service_n be_v in_o the_o custody_n of_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o fee_n yet_o the_o body_n of_o the_o heir_n shall_v remaiâ—_n with_o his_o father_n 37._o father_n lit._n l._n 2._o c._n 4_o cook_n l._n 3._o case_n rat._n foe_n .._o 37._o 1._o so_o also_o the_o mother_n of_o a_o infant_n 〈◊〉_d hold_v in_o socage_n shall_v have_v the_o custody_n 〈◊〉_d the_o body_n and_o land_n of_o the_o heir_n before_o aâ—â—_n kindred_n either_o of_o the_o father_n side_n or_o mothâ—â—_n side_n of_o fiduciary_a guardianship_n tit._n xix_o that_o tutela_n fiduciaria_n which_o the_o romanâ—_n impose_v upon_o the_o male_a child_n theiâ—_n parent_n be_v dead_a and_o upon_o the_o childreâ—_n of_o patron_n our_o ancestor_n seem_v whole_o 〈◊〉_d have_v neglect_v concern_v the_o first_o weâ—_n have_v nothing_o determine_v save_o that_o which_o we_o mention_v before_o of_o the_o legal_a guardianship_n
twelve_o year_n old_a may_v contract_v matrimony_n as_o well_o by_o our_o law_n as_o by_o the_o civil_a 7._o civil_a bract._n l._n 2._o c._n 37._o n._n 7._o be_v then_o adjudge_v capable_a of_o a_o husband_n yet_o she_o do_v not_o so_o soon_o come_v to_o maturity_n of_o judgement_n but_o it_o be_v soon_o notwithstanding_o out_o of_o custody_n than_o a_o man_n because_o when_o she_o marry_v she_o do_v but_o alter_v her_o condition_n enter_v under_o a_o new_a power_n of_o a_o husband_n instead_o of_o the_o custody_n of_o her_o guardian_n 2._o guardian_n glan_n l._n 11._o c._n 7._o bract._n l._n 1._o c._n 6._o n._n 2._o 1._o so_o a_o wardship_n may_v expire_v by_o the_o natural_a or_o civil_a death_n 16._o death_n v._o sus_fw-la do_fw-mi 16._o of_o the_o guardian_n which_o be_v that_o which_o we_o term_v the_o maxima_fw-la or_o media_fw-la capitis_fw-la diminutio_fw-la or_o in_o case_n the_o guardian_n shall_v give_v land_n etc._n etc._n to_o his_o ward_n or_o infeoff_v he_o for_o no_o man_n can_v be_v both_o a_o guardian_n and_o feoffor_n at_o one_o and_o the_o same_o time_n 6._o time_n bract._n l._n 2._o c._n 5._o n._n 6._o but_o this_o be_v most_o remarkable_a in_o guardian_n which_o be_v so_o by_o reason_n of_o knight_n service_n that_o they_o may_v either_o assign_v the_o custody_n of_o their_o ward_n to_o another_o or_o bequeath_v they_o among_o their_o other_o chattel_n by_o common_a custom_n to_o their_o executor_n 2_o the_o lord_n lose_v the_o custody_n of_o the_o body_n of_o his_o ward_n when_o ever_o he_o give_v he_o or_o she_o in_o matrimony_n so_o that_o if_o it_o shall_v happen_v the_o ward_n be_v under_o age_n to_o become_v single_a the_o second_o time_n he_o can_v by_o no_o mean_n recover_v he_o into_o his_o custody_n 4_o custody_n lit._n l._n 2._o c._n 4_o of_o tutor_n or_o overseer_n tit._n xxiii_o man_n though_o full_o grow_v and_o woman_n though_o marriageable_a be_v among_o the_o roman_n to_o receive_v tutor_n until_o they_o arrive_v at_o twenty_o five_o year_n of_o age_n notwithstanding_o that_o they_o be_v not_o so_o with_o we_o beyond_o the_o age_n of_o one_o and_o twenty_o and_o that_o in_o case_n where_o they_o have_v not_o any_o before_o either_o in_o regard_n of_o their_o tenure_n or_o necessity_n of_o the_o law_n however_o we_o include_v tutor_n and_o overseer_n under_o the_o name_n of_o guardian_n although_o it_o be_v apparent_a those_o to_o be_v more_o proper_a in_o relation_n to_o the_o person_n these_o to_o the_o estate_n 20._o estate_n v._o tit_n 14._o sect._n 4._o in_o inst_z &_o a_o the_o ritâ—_n nuptiarum_fw-la l._n sciendum_fw-la 20._o 1._o to_o some_o also_o the_o law_n appoint_v tutor_n and_o overseer_n for_o by_o the_o statute_n the_o king_n have_v the_o custody_n of_o the_o land_n of_o natural_a idiot_n receive_v the_o profis_n without_o waste_n and_o destruction_n and_o find_v they_o necessary_n without_o any_o regard_n have_v of_o who_o the_o land_n be_v hold_v which_o after_o the_o death_n of_o the_o idiot_n be_v to_o be_v restore_v to_o the_o right_a heir_n so_o that_o they_o can_v by_o any_o mean_n be_v alien_v by_o the_o idiot_n or_o the_o heir_n disinherit_v 126._o disinherit_v 17_o ed._n 2._o brit._n 167._o stan._n prerog_n c._n 9_o bract._n l._n 5._o trac_fw-la 5_o c._n 20._o n._n 1._o dyer_n 102._o coâ—_n l._n 4._o 126._o fleta_n affirm_v 11._o affirm_v l._n 1._o c._n 11._o that_o ancient_o idiot_n be_v under_o the_o custody_n of_o their_o own_o lord_n but_o that_o for_o the_o many_o exheredation_n that_o happen_v their_o guardianshipp_n be_v confer_v by_o parliament_n upon_o the_o king_n yet_o with_o this_o proviso_n that_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o fee_n and_o those_o who_o it_o concern_v shall_v loose_v nothing_o which_o be_v their_o due_n either_o for_o service_n rent_n releif_n of_o their_o right_n of_o guardianship_n till_o they_o come_v to_o full_a age_n according_a to_o the_o condition_n of_o their_o fee_n 2._o so_o also_o where_o it_o happen_v that_o any_o one_o who_o former_o have_v both_o memory_n and_o understanding_n become_v non_fw-la compos_fw-la mentis_fw-la as_o some_o be_v who_o have_v lucida_n intervalla_fw-la the_o king_n shall_v take_v care_n that_o the_o land_n and_o tenement_n of_o such_o shall_v be_v keep_v without_o waste_n or_o destruction_n and_o that_o he_o and_o his_o family_n shall_v live_v competent_o and_o be_v maintain_v out_o of_o the_o profit_n of_o the_o same_o and_o that_o the_o remainder_n of_o their_o profit_n shall_v be_v reserve_v for_o their_o use_n so_o that_o the_o say_v land_n and_o tenement_n shall_v not_o be_v by_o any_o mean_v alienate_v within_o the_o say_a time_n nor_o the_o revenue_n appropriate_v to_o the_o king_n use_n and_o that_o if_o he_o shall_v happen_v to_o die_v in_o such_o a_o condition_n that_o then_o that_o say_a remainder_n of_o the_o say_a profit_n to_o be_v dispose_v of_o by_o the_o ordinary_a for_o the_o good_a of_o his_o soul_n 127._o soul_n 17_o e._n 2._o c._n 10._o bract._n l._n 5._o tr_fw-la 5._o c._n 9_o n._n 7._o dyer_n fol._n 25._o n._n 164._o cook_n l._n 4._o 127._o 3._o those_o who_o be_v natural_o deaf_a and_o dumb_a or_o labour_n under_o any_o perpetual_a disease_n according_a to_o the_o opinion_n of_o some_o be_v necessary_o to_o have_v guardian_n 1._o guardian_n bract._n l._n 5._o tr_fw-la 3._o c._n 6_o n._n 6._o &_o tr_fw-la 5._o c._n 18._o n._n 1._o etc._n etc._n 10._o n._n 1._o 4._o infant_n be_v not_o force_v to_o receive_v guardian_n against_o their_o will_n except_v by_o reason_n of_o their_o fee_n or_o any_o of_o the_o cause_n before_o mention_v or_o in_o case_n of_o suit_n in_o law_n and_o in_o the_o latter_a case_n oftentimes_o there_o be_v not_o only_o the_o next_o of_o kin_n assign_v to_o assist_v the_o infant_n in_o act_v but_o a_o guardian_n likewise_o to_o afford_v he_o help_v for_o his_o defence_n 27._o defence_n west_n 1._o c._n 47._o west_n 2._o c._n 15._o f._n b._n f._n 27._o 5._o notwithstanding_o which_v no_o man_n as_o guardian_n to_o a_o infant_n shall_v prosecute_v for_o he_o or_o receive_v a_o action_n without_o warrant_n but_o another_o may_v as_o his_o kinsman_n commence_v a_o action_n for_o he_o without_o express_a warrant_n ibid._n warrant_n id._n ibid._n nor_o can_v a_o infant_n disclaim_v that_o guardian_n who_o prosecute_v a_o action_n for_o he_o as_o be_v next_o of_o kin_n ibid._n kin_n id._n ibid._n 6._o a_o idiot_n bear_v be_v not_o receive_v to_o prosecute_v or_o defend_v in_o any_o action_n by_o his_o guardian_n or_o next_o of_o kin_n but_o be_v require_v always_o to_o be_v present_a in_o his_o proper_a person_n g._n person_n f._n n._n b._n fol._n 27._o g._n of_o the_o security_n which_o be_v to_o be_v give_v by_o guardian_n tit._n xxiv_o he_o that_o be_v constitute_v sole_a tutor_n or_o guardian_n by_o the_o magistrate_n or_o ordinary_a â—s_n bind_v by_o our_o law_n to_o put_v in_o security_n but_o â—efore_o he_o be_v admit_v to_o his_o office_n he_o make_v â—ath_n to_o administer_v all_o the_o affair_n of_o his_o â—ard_n to_o his_o profit_n and_o benefit_n to_o give_v a_o true_a â—nd_n faithful_a inventory_n of_o all_o his_o good_n â—nd_v to_o exhibit_v it_o by_o a_o certain_a time_n accord_v as_o the_o judge_n shall_v appoint_v as_o also_o to_o â—ender_v a_o exact_a and_o true_a account_n of_o his_o office_n when_o it_o shall_v be_v require_v from_o he_o â—esides_v all_o which_o he_o be_v to_o find_v fit_a and_o able_a surety_n joint_o with_o himself_o and_o several_o â—y_a themselves_o to_o become_v bind_v for_o his_o true_a â—nd_n faithful_a administration_n of_o his_o guardianship_n of_o the_o excuse_n of_o guardian_n it_o be_v xxv_o our_o law_n speak_v nothing_o of_o the_o excuse_n of_o guardian_n because_o no_o one_o be_v puâ—…_n upon_o this_o office_n against_o his_o will._n of_o guardian_n which_o may_v fall_v under_o suspicion_n tit._n xxvi_o our_o law_n be_v very_o careful_a in_o pâ—…_n of_o trust_v guardian_n for_o he_o that_o give_v estate_n to_o divers_a whereof_o some_o be_v of_o agâ—_n and_o some_o infant_n may_v lawful_o appoâ—…_n those_o which_o be_v of_o age_n to_o be_v guardian_n oâ—_n the_o infant_n but_o this_o will_v not_o stand_v in_o câ—…_n there_o be_v any_o cause_n of_o suspicion_n that_o they_o wâ—…_n contrive_v the_o death_n of_o the_o infant_n but_o suspâ—…tion_n be_v not_o admit_v if_o the_o gift_n be_v make_v tâ—…_n father_n or_o mother_n or_o their_o lawful_a issue_n bâ—…_n it_o be_v otherwise_o where_o it_o be_v to_o brother_n or_o uncle_n or_o nephew_n because_o of_o the_o right_n descend_v 11._o descend_v bract._n l._n 2._o c._n 11._o 1._o they_o who_o be_v guardian_n by_o right_a oâ—…_n their_o fee_n so_o long_o as_o they_o have_v the_o custodâ—…_n of_o the_o land_n be_v bind_v to_o maintain_v and_o repair_v all_o
although_o he_o have_v it_o not_o at_o first_o upon_o this_o score_n yet_o since_o the_o owner_n himself_o suffer_v he_o to_o enjoy_v it_o upon_o this_o or_o another_o account_n it_o become_v he_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n if_o any_o one_o be_v in_o possession_n of_o another_o right_n without_o a_o just_a precedent_n cause_n namely_o by_o intrusion_n or_o disseisin_n and_o the_o owner_n will_v that_o the_o intruder_n or_o disseisor_n shalâ—_n have_v it_o it_o shall_v be_v he_o although_o the_o owner_n be_v not_o possess_v of_o it_o at_o all_o it_o be_v suppose_v that_o possession_n and_o property_n in_o the_o thing_n come_v unto_o he_o by_o the_o owner_n will_v as_o from_o he_o and_o by_o his_o own_o hand_n 20._o hand_n bract._n l._n 2._o c._n 18._o n._n 2._o lit._n l._n 3._o c._n release_v flet._n l._n 4._o c._n 20._o 41._o thing_n sell_v and_o deliver_v be_v no_o otherwise_o the_o buyer_n then_o as_o pay_v the_o seller_n for_o they_o or_o otherwise_o satisfy_v he_o as_o by_o pledge_n or_o earnest_n 30._o earnest_n bract._n l._n 2._o c._n 27_o n._n 1._o flet._n l._n 2._o c._n 51._o dyer_n f._n 76._o n._n 30._o unless_o the_o seller_n let_v he_o have_v it_o upon_o his_o credit_n 9_o credit_n dyer_n f._n 30_o n._n 203._o blow_n f._n 432._o &_o f._n 5._o &_o 9_o 42._o where_o livery_n be_v to_o be_v give_v to_o any_o one_o either_o by_o the_o owner_n himself_o or_o his_o attorney_n of_o any_o house_n by_o itself_o or_o of_o any_o message_n by_o reason_n of_o a_o fee_n to_o that_o intent_n that_o the_o donee_n shall_v have_v the_o possession_n until_o a_o certain_a term_n with_o all_o the_o right_n and_o appurtenance_n it_o be_v not_o needful_a in_o this_o case_n to_o go_v round_o all_o the_o land_n or_o set_v one_o foot_n in_o every_o part_n or_o parcel_n of_o it_o but_o it_o suffice_v if_o livery_n be_v give_v by_o a_o door_n or_o by_o the_o hasp_v or_o ring_n of_o a_o door_n for_o by_o this_o mean_n he_o shall_v be_v in_o possession_n of_o the_o whole_a by_o the_o intention_n and_o view_n and_o by_o the_o consequence_n of_o possession_n but_o if_o there_o be_v no_o house_n he_o may_v have_v seisin_n as_o it_o be_v common_o call_a by_o a_o staff_n or_o twig_n and_o the_o mere_a set_n of_o the_o foot_n upon_o the_o soil_n with_o a_o desire_n of_o possess_v and_o a_o intention_n of_o the_o donor_n be_v sufficient_a notwithstanding_o that_o it_o do_v not_o immediate_o inure_v to_o take_v its_o effect_n 2._o effect_n bract._n l._n 2._o c._n 18._o n._n 2._o but_o without_o livery_n of_o seisin_n a_o freehold_n pass_v not_o either_o by_o feoffment_n gift_n or_o lease_n 216._o lease_n brit._n c._n 33._o bract._n l._n 2._o c._n 19_o doct._n &_o stu._n c._n 7._o f._n 14._o lit._n c._n attornment_n perk._n from_o f._n 206._o to_o f._n 216._o 43._o those_o which_o the_o roman_n call_v missilia_fw-la or_o the_o liberality_n which_o emperor_n and_o prince_n scatter_v among_o the_o people_n be_v not_o so_o frequent_a with_o we_o as_o they_o be_v with_o they_o yet_o we_o have_v some_o mention_n of_o they_o which_o carry_v the_o same_o right_n with_o they_o as_o when_o the_o conduit_n of_o london_n at_o the_o coronation_n of_o king_n or_o other_o such_o like_a solemnity_n 〈◊〉_d with_o wine_n every_o one_o have_v a_o property_n in_o the_o wine_n he_o there_o take_v 47_o take_v bract._n l._n 1._o c._n 12._o n._n 10._o fle._n l._n 1._o c._n 43._o &_o 47_o 44_o whatsoever_o be_v leave_v and_o forsake_v ouâ—_n lawyer_n term_v a_o waife_n this_o be_v former_o by_o natural_a right_a the_o finder_n but_o now_o by_o ouâ—_n custom_n it_o be_v the_o king_n waife_n king_n bro._n tit_n estray_n &_o waife_n that_o also_o it_o call_v a_o waife_n when_o any_o personal_a or_o movable_a chattel_n be_v felonious_o take_v and_o be_v through_o the_o fear_n of_o tâ—e_v felon_n leave_v have_v no_o owner_n to_o claim_v it_o 39_o it_o kitch_n f._n 12_o b._n n._n 39_o wherefore_o if_o any_o such_o thing_n be_v find_v it_o be_v the_o king_n or_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o manor_n to_o who_o this_o liberty_n and_o privilege_n be_v grant_v by_o the_o king_n yet_o so_o that_o restitution_n be_v to_o be_v make_v if_o the_o owner_n claim_v it_o within_o a_o year_n and_o a_o day_n 17._o day_n brit._n c._n 17._o 45._o so_o any_o beast_n that_o be_v find_v stray_v in_o any_o one_o ground_n follow_v the_o custom_n of_o thing_n leave_v for_o even_o these_o also_o be_v by_o out_o ancient_a writer_n include_v under_o the_o name_n of_o waife_n 47_o waife_n bract._n l._n 1._o c._n 12._o n._n 10._o fl._n l._n 1._o c._n 43._o &_o 47_o but_o other_o call_v they_o by_o a_o more_o particular_a name_n estray_v 17_o estray_v brit._n d._n c._n 17_o which_o our_o latin_v render_v extrahura_n because_o for_o the_o most_o part_n they_o break_v forth_o and_o stray_v against_o their_o owner_n will_v and_o these_o after_o a_o year_n and_o a_o day_n if_o not_o claim_v by_o their_o owner_n within_o a_o year_n and_o a_o day_n escheat_n to_o the_o king_n or_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o manor_n where_o they_o be_v take_v provide_v they_o be_v due_o cry_v and_o proclaim_v in_o the_o neighbour_a market_n ib._n market_n brit._n ib._n 46._o the_o same_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v of_o thing_n cast_v out_o of_o a_o ship_n in_o a_o tempest_n to_o lighten_v the_o ship_n or_o of_o such_o thing_n which_o happen_v to_o fall_v out_o of_o a_o cart_n when_o it_o run_v the_o owner_n not_o â—owing_v of_o they_o but_o in_o case_n of_o shipwreck_n which_o we_o call_v a_o wreck_n where_o neither_o any_o 〈◊〉_d the_o passenger_n nor_o any_o cat_n or_o dog_n â—â—ts_v from_o the_o ship_n to_o the_o shore_n a_o live_v whatâ—â—ever_o of_o the_o good_n or_o ship_n shall_v be_v cast_v upâ—â—_n the_o land_n by_o the_o sea_n shall_v be_v the_o king_n 〈◊〉_d the_o lord_n of_o the_o fee_n to_o who_o the_o king_n â—â—th_v grant_v this_o privilege_n 4._o privilege_n brit._n d._n c._n 17._o &_o westm_n 1._o c._n 4._o 47._o no_o man_n can_v have_v any_o property_n of_o â—ands_n in_o england_n before_o he_o be_v a_o free_a deniâ—en_n 29._o deniâ—en_n bract._n l._n 5._o tract_n 5._o c._n 25._o n._n 3._o bro._n tit_n corporation_n 26._o dyer_n f._n 2._o n._n 8._o &_o f._n 224._o n._n 29._o for_o that_o whatsoever_o be_v purchase_v by_o â—n_n alien_n be_v forfeit_v to_o the_o king_n 16._o king_n bro._n denizen_n 16._o of_o thing_n corporeal_a and_o incorporeal_a tit._n ii_o there_o be_v moreover_o of_o thing_n some_o which_o be_v corporeal_a and_o some_o which_o be_v incorporeal_a corporeal_a be_v such_o as_o may_v be_v touch_v as_o land_n ground_n thing_n immovable_a and_o movable_a which_o can_v move_v themselves_o as_o live_v creature_n and_o the_o like_a or_o which_o may_v be_v move_v thing_n which_o be_v incorporeal_a be_v such_o which_o can_v neither_o be_v see_v nor_o touch_v as_o right_n and_o privilege_n the_o right_a of_o walk_v act_v convey_v of_o water_n and_o the_o like_a 170._o like_a bract_n l_o 2._o c._n 12._o n._n 3._o flet._n l._n c._n c._n 3._o blow_n f._n 170._o now_o right_n and_o service_n be_v the_o same_o but_o have_v their_o appellation_n from_o a_o diverse_a respect_n 37._o respect_n bract._n l._n 4._o tr_fw-la 1._o c._n 37._o to_o this_o may_v be_v add_v the_o right_n of_o pasture_v which_o we_o call_v common_a of_o pasture_n fish_v dig_v of_o turf_n fell_v in_o other_o man_n wood_n the_o right_a of_o presentation_n to_o 〈◊〉_d benefice_n distinct_a from_o a_o estate_n of_o inheritance_n which_o be_v by_o we_o call_v piscarye_n turnryes_n estover_n ib._n estover_n id._n ib._n advowsons_n in_o gross_a 18._o gross_a bro._n tenure_n n._n 15._o &_o 18._o and_o last_o a_o annual_a rent_n 30._o rent_n doct._n &_o stu._n c._n 30._o now_o this_o can_v be_v say_v proper_o to_o be_v in_o possession_n but_o 〈◊〉_d it_o be_v instit_fw-la be_v bract._n l._n 4._o tr_fw-la 1._o c._n 37._o &_o l._n 2._o c._n 23._o mynsâ—n_n ad_fw-la rubr_n instit_fw-la 1._o for_o thing_n movable_a or_o immovable_a our_o law_n determine_v quatenus_fw-la to_o the_o person_n and_o as_o they_o either_o be_v or_o be_v not_o in_o the_o poâ—er_n or_o property_n of_o man_n ib._n man_n id._n ib._n now_o property_n be_v 〈◊〉_d full_a and_o absolute_a right_n of_o dispose_v of_o or_o sell_v any_o thing_n corporeal_a unless_o the_o law_n &_o any_o condition_n hinder_v 40_o hinder_v gothof_n ad_fw-la rubr_n â—_o de_fw-fr aqu_fw-fr rerum_fw-la dominio_fw-la lit._n l._n 1._o c._n 1._o bract._n l._n 2._o c._n 21_o &_o 23._o brit._n c._n 40_o possession_n or_o seâ—suâ—e_n in_o dominico_n etc._n etc._n be_v proper_o of_o corpore_fw-la all_o thing_n and_o incorporeal_a we_o only_o say_v as_o of_o fee_n for_o that_o they_o be_v
not_o absolute_o acquire_v by_o livery_n of_o seisin_n but_o as_o it_o be_v now_o this_o seizure_n in_o dominico_n etc._n etc._n be_v twofold_a direct_v or_o mere_o for_o use_v direct_v which_o be_v also_o term_v absolute_a be_v that_o which_o comprehend_v both_o property_n and_o use_n the_o other_o consist_v sole_o in_o the_o benefit_n and_o use_v of_o a_o thing_n 12._o thing_n bract._n l._n 4._o tr_fw-la 1._o c._n 27._o n._n 6._o &_o tr_fw-la 4._o c._n 4._o fl._n l._n 1._o c._n 12._o 2._o the_o english_a have_v a_o full_a dominion_n and_o power_n of_o thing_n corporeal_a and_o movable_a but_o not_o of_o immovable_a if_o we_o except_o the_o supreme_a power_n and_o right_n of_o the_o crown_n for_o the_o subject_n have_v not_o a_o absolute_a freehold_n in_o their_o land_n and_o tenement_n but_o a_o fee_n only_o and_o that_o fee_n do_v not_o comprise_v so_o absolute_a a_o power_n appear_v not_o only_o by_o those_o author_n who_o write_v of_o fee_n 1._o fee_n anto._n con._n in_o feodorum_fw-la comment_fw-fr c._n 2._o matthae_fw-la we_o â—â—esenbecius_fw-la in_o tr_fw-la de_fw-fr feodis_fw-la c._n 1._o but_o even_o by_o littleton_n himself_o when_o he_o say_v that_o such_o a_o one_o be_v seize_v of_o such_o a_o estate_n in_o his_o demesne_n as_o of_o fee_n by_o which_o word_n he_o affirm_v the_o high_a and_o full_a title_n to_o be_v express_v and_o these_o word_n as_o of_o fee_n do_v abate_v somewhat_o of_o a_o absolute_a power_n and_o argue_v a_o tenure_n from_o a_o superior_a but_o that_o these_o word_n be_v sometime_o refer_v to_o the_o king_n demesne_n 16._o demesne_n in_o 27_o h._n 8_o 16._o be_v either_o from_o the_o ignorance_n of_o speak_v and_o apply_v or_o else_o that_o distinction_n be_v maintain_v by_o which_o some_o will_v have_v a_o double_a acceptation_n of_o the_o word_n fee_fw-mi viz._n one_o by_o which_o a_o man_n hold_v a_o immovable_a thing_n by_o any_o title_n to_o he_o and_o his_o heir_n the_o other_o by_o which_o one_o hold_v from_o another_o by_o rent_n or_o service_n or_o both_o 5._o both_o flet._n l._n 5._o c._n 5._o whereas_o fee_n in_o the_o second_o acceptation_n be_v never_o without_o the_o oath_n of_o fealty_n b._n fealty_n term_n of_o the_o law_n v._o fealty_n fulb._n paral._n c._n seigniority_n f._n 19_o b._n which_o the_o king_n never_o give_v to_o any_o one_o as_o have_v a_o absolute_a power_n praemi_fw-la power_n fort._n c._n 9_o bract._n l._n 1._o c._n 8._o brit._n in_o praemi_fw-la 3._o fee_n which_o be_v in_o latin_a feodum_fw-la and_o by_o some_o feodum_fw-la come_v from_o the_o german_a fief_o which_o signify_v a_o inheritance_n hold_v of_o another_o 11._o another_o hottoman_n b._n disput_fw-la c._n 11._o and_o be_v by_o those_o that_o write_v of_o fee_n define_v to_o be_v a_o immovable_a thing_n give_v to_o another_o in_o such_o a_o manner_n that_o the_o property_n continue_v in_o the_o power_n of_o the_o donor_n but_o the_o benefit_n and_o use_n be_v to_o the_o donee_n and_o his_o heir_n male_n or_o female_n for_o ever_o so_o long_o as_o the_o donee_n and_o his_o heir_n do_v faithful_o their_o service_n to_o the_o lord_n 3._o lord_n anto._n continus_fw-la in_o com._n sup_v feod_a c._n 3._o so_o that_o fidelity_n or_o fealty_n be_v the_o foundation_n of_o fee_n and_o nothing_o else_o yet_o it_o often_o happen_v that_o it_o be_v not_o bestow_v gratis_o but_o for_o some_o small_a consideration_n of_o money_n in_o the_o name_n of_o rent_n or_o for_o service_n 8._o service_n duar._n in_o com._n sup_v feod_a c._n 12._o smyth_n com._n l._n 3._o c._n 8._o but_o we_o understand_v by_o fee_n all_o which_o we_o hold_v to_o we_o and_o our_o heiâ—â—_n 1._o heiâ—â—_n bract._n l._n 4._o tr_fw-la 3._o c._n 9_o n._n 6._o lit._n l._n 1._o c._n 1._o 4._o fee_fw-mi as_o it_o be_v take_v for_o a_o inheritance_n hold_v of_o another_o be_v hold_v either_o of_o the_o king_n or_o a_o subject_n or_o that_o we_o may_v use_v our_o owâ—_n phrase_n a_o common_a person_n fee_n that_o be_v hold_v of_o the_o king_n be_v double_a either_o in_o right_n of_o his_o crown_n which_o we_o call_v tenure_n in_o capite_fw-la or_o of_o some_o honour_n or_o manor_n appertain_v to_o the_o crown_n but_o a_o subject_n although_o he_o may_v have_v other_o who_o hold_v of_o he_o in_o fee_n from_o who_o he_o may_v exact_v fealty_n yet_o himself_o be_v either_o mediate_o or_o immediate_o feodary_n to_o the_o king_n for_o all_o the_o land_n of_o this_o kingdom_n which_o be_v not_o hold_v of_o other_o by_o service_n be_v hold_v of_o the_o king_n and_o belong_v to_o he_o either_o as_o ancient_a demesne_n escheat_n or_o perquisites_n 5._o fee_fw-mi be_v divide_v into_o many_o species_n either_o from_o the_o effect_n or_o from_o some_o cause_n efficient_a or_o formal_a but_o we_o shall_v only_o discourse_v brief_o here_o of_o those_o which_o we_o meet_v with_o most_o frequent_o in_o our_o book_n 6._o fee_fw-mi therefore_o be_v either_o liege_n or_o nonleige_v some_o feodists_n ib._n feodists_n duar._n ib._n will_v have_v it_o to_o come_v from_o the_o italian_a word_n liga_fw-la which_o signify_v a_o band_n or_o league_n and_o that_o because_o it_o tie_v and_o oblige_v the_o vassal_n for_o liege_n be_v proper_o where_o any_o one_o swear_v fealty_n to_o his_o lord_n non-liege_n be_v when_o with_o the_o exception_n of_o another_o the_o first_o be_v due_a only_a to_o the_o king_n the_o late_a to_o common_a person_n 1._o person_n 10_o r._n 2._o &_o 11._o c._n 1._o &_o 34._o &_o 35._o c._n 3._o lit._n l._n 2._o c._n 1._o 7._o again_o fee_n be_v either_o royal_a or_o noâ—_n royal_a royal_a be_v the_o great_a for_o that_o it_o have_v somewhat_o of_o royalty_n in_o it_o as_o from_z whence_o any_o one_o be_v institute_v from_o the_o king_n â—eing_v absolute_a without_o acknowledge_v a_o superior_a of_o this_o sort_n be_v those_o which_o have_v a_o dignity_n or_o honour_n conjoin_v with_o the_o powâ—â—_n of_o their_o privilege_n and_o be_v by_o we_o style_v surety_n or_o prerogative_n royal_a as_o where_o â—â—e_z king_n grant_v by_o his_o charter_n to_o any_o subâ—â—ct_n the_o view_n of_o a_o frank_a pledge_n the_o plea_n 〈◊〉_d imprand_a the_o amendment_n of_o the_o fault_n 〈◊〉_d assize_n the_o adjudge_v of_o robber_n as_o infangâ—â—eife_n and_o outfang_a thief_n soc_n sac_n tol_o theme_n â—o_o punish_v by_o the_o gallow_n or_o other_o punishment_n which_o the_o execution_n of_o judgement_n â—â—all_v require_v good_n of_o felon_n and_o which_o appertain_v to_o the_o peace_n and_o consequent_o to_o â—â—e_z crown_n 35._o crown_n bract._n l._n 2._o c._n 5._o n._n 7._o &_o c._n 24._o &_o l._n 3._o tr_fw-la 2._o c._n 35._o wreck_n of_o the_o sea_n whale_n â—uâ—geons_n free_a warren_n fair_a 46._o fair_a bract_n l._n 4._o tt_z 1._o c._n 46._o and_o those_o â—â—her_a thing_n which_o fall_v within_o the_o king_n derogative_n but_o of_o these_o fee_n there_o be_v â—â—th_v we_o certain_a degree_n since_o some_o have_v a_o â—â—eater_a number_n some_o a_o lesser_a grant_v unto_o â—â—em_n the_o first_o the_o principallity_n of_o wales_n claim_v 〈◊〉_d right_a 28._o right_a polid._n vir._n in_o ed._n 1._o f._n 343._o lin_v 28._o which_o from_o the_o time_n of_o edwardâ—â—e_n â—â—e_z first_o do_v belong_v to_o the_o king_n elder_a son_n â—nd_v the_o second_o be_v claim_v by_o the_o four_o paâ—â—tinates_n or_o county_n palatine_n lancaster_n â—â—rham_n chester_n and_o ely_n 25._o ely_n 5_o elix_fw-la c._n 23._o 17_o ed._n 4._o c._n 1._o 27_o h._n 8._o c._n 25._o and_o these_o have_v those_o fee_n which_o we_o calâ—â—d_v honour_n which_o the_o king_n beside_o the_o jurisdiction_n contingent_a to_o court_n baron_n have_v â—â—anted_v some_o though_o not_o all_o these_o royallâ—â—es_n out_o of_o his_o munificence_n 18._o munificence_n 31_o h._n 8._o c._n 5._o &_o 33._o c._n 37_o 38._o &_o 37._o c._n 18._o 8._o three_o fee_n be_v either_o noble_a or_o ignoble_a â—â—oble_a be_v that_o which_o have_v any_o dignity_n annex_v to_o it_o or_o which_o ennoble_v the_o possessor_n or_o conclude_v he_o to_o be_v noble_a and_o of_o the_o sort_n with_o we_o be_v those_o which_o we_o call_v mannâ—â—_n who_o lord_n have_v some_o jurisdiction_n thouâ—â—_n not_o royal_a over_o those_o which_o hold_v of_o their_o 〈◊〉_d 4_o 〈◊〉_d perk._n 670._o fulb._n par_fw-fr seig._n f._n 18._o kitch_n f._n 4_o ignoble_a be_v that_o which_o depend_v of_o such_o manor_n and_o be_v grant_v to_o countryman_n 〈◊〉_d their_o heir_n for_o some_o base_a service_n this_o 〈◊〉_d common_o call_v freehold_n 9_o four_o fee_n be_v either_o new_a or_o anâ—â—ent_a auncestrell_n anâ—â—ent_a homage_n auncestrell_n new_a be_v there_o where_o any_o one_o be_v first_o all_o invest_v by_o the_o chief_a lord_n of_o the_o 〈◊〉_d and_o that_o either_o by_o the_o courtesy_n of_o the_o loâ—â—_n or_o for_o money_n pay_v to_o the_o former_a
different_a species_n 69._o species_n â—it_n l._n 2_o c._n 9_o inst_z jur._n com._n 27._o broo._n tit_n tenor_n 69._o but_o fleta_n will_v not_o have_v this_o duty_n exceed_v the_o value_n of_o half_a a_o mark_n 11._o mark_n l._n 1._o c._n 11._o 4._o castlegard_n we_o have_v define_v to_o be_v a_o service_n due_a to_o the_o king_n only_o which_o be_v original_o true_a because_o no_o man_n can_v erect_v a_o castle_n or_o fort_n in_o the_o kingdom_n without_o the_o king_n licence_n but_o in_o case_n the_o king_n grant_v a_o castle_n with_o all_o the_o liberty_n belong_v to_o it_o unto_o a_o subject_a he_o grant_v castlegard_n also_o if_o there_o be_v any_o such_o service_n due_a unto_o iâ—_n and_o for_o this_o reason_n this_o service_n may_v as_o well_o belong_v to_o a_o subject_a as_o the_o right_n of_o a_o forest_n socage_n forest_n manwood_n par_fw-fr 1._o de_fw-fr jur._n forset_n pag._n 87._o cou._n col_fw-fr 4._o fol._n 88_o a._n and_o lit._n c._n socage_n it_o be_v a_o service_n consist_v in_o fortify_v and_o defend_v any_o castle_n of_o the_o king_n or_o another_o lord_n as_o often_o as_o the_o feodary_n shall_v require_v and_o this_o be_v proper_o knight_n service_n when_o it_o require_v the_o person_n of_o the_o tâ—nant_n but_o when_o it_o be_v convert_v into_o a_o certain_a pecuniary_a mulct_n payable_a every_o year_n for_o the_o fortify_v and_o guard_v of_o a_o castle_n it_o be_v altâ—red_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o knight_n service_n a._n service_n tit._n ib._n inst_z come_v c._n 27._o bro._n tit_n tenor_n n._n 58._o f._n n._n b._n foe_o 259._o a._n 5._o the_o second_o sort_n of_o knight_n service_n or_o military_n which_o be_v due_a to_o common_a person_n as_o well_o as_o to_o the_o king_n be_v call_v scutage_n 129._o scutage_n blow_n foe_fw-mi 126._o 129._o from_o sculum_fw-la a_o shield_n and_o he_o that_o hold_v by_o this_o be_v oblige_v at_o his_o own_o charge_n for_o a_o certain_a number_n of_o day_n to_o follow_v his_o lord_n in_o the_o war_n against_o the_o scor_n 3._o scor_n lit._n l._n 2._o c._n 3._o they_o who_o hold_v by_o a_o entire_a and_o whole_a knight_n fee_n 111._o fee_n camd._n bâ—it_fw-la 111._o which_o sâ—me_v determine_v to_o be_v 680._o acre_n of_o land_n some_o eight_o hundred_o acre_n some_o fifteen_o pound_n sterling_a some_o twenty_o pound_n 1._o pound_n 1._o ed._n 2._o c._n 1._o and_o other_o forty_o pound_n 18._o pound_n smith_n com._n c._n 18._o be_v bind_v to_o serve_v for_o the_o space_n of_o forty_o day_n 19_o day_n bro._n tenor_n n._n 19_o they_o which_o hold_v but_o by_o half_a a_o knight_n fee_fw-mi twenty_o day_n and_o so_o according_o 1._o according_o lit._n l._n 2._o c_o 1._o 6._o now_o that_o certain_a difference_n between_o lord_n and_o feodary_n as_o well_o concern_v arm_n as_o the_o time_n of_o serve_v viz._n whether_o from_o the_o time_n of_o show_v or_o perfect_v to_o begin_v may_v be_v remove_v it_o appear_v in_o most_o place_n that_o it_o be_v by_o joint_a consent_n of_o lord_n and_o tenant_n agree_v that_o the_o tenant_n shall_v pay_v yearly_o a_o certain_a sum_n of_o money_n to_o their_o lord_n according_a to_o the_o value_n of_o their_o fee_n and_o so_o to_o be_v free_v from_o personal_a duty_n ib._n duty_n id_fw-la ib._n from_o whence_o the_o thing_n itself_o seem_v so_o change_v by_o degree_n that_o that_o service_n which_o with_o our_o ancestor_n be_v so_o incertain_a be_v in_o most_o fee_n at_o this_o day_n reduce_v to_o certainty_n and_o be_v call_v scutage_n certain_a 5._o certain_a lit._n l._n 2._o c._n 5._o that_o incertain_a kind_n be_v in_o divers_a manor_n quite_o extinct_a now_o this_o certain_a seutage_n be_v socage_n 29._o socage_n bro._n tit_n tenor_n 28._o 29._o 7._o there_o be_v also_o other_o real_a service_n which_o attend_v a_o knight_n fee_n as_o the_o shadow_n do_v the_o body_n as_o homage_n fealty_n custody_n of_o land_n and_o heir_n relief_n marriage_n 4._o marriage_n brac._n l._n 2._o c._n 35._o lit._n l._n 2._o c._n 4._o for_o these_o no_o time_n have_v hitherto_o exterminate_v 16._o exterminate_v polid_a virg_n hist_o ang_fw-mi 16._o 8._o homage_n which_o the_o feodists_n call_v also_o hominium_fw-la 3._o hominium_fw-la hottom_n disp_n de_fw-fr feod_n 3._o be_v a_o real_a service_n 26._o service_n briâ—_n c._n 66._o spec_fw-la jâ—sâ—_n b._n 3._o flet._n l._n 3._o c._n 26._o which_o the_o feodary_n yield_v regular_o to_o his_o lord_n at_o his_o first_o institution_n by_o prostrate_v himself_o on_o both_o knee_n at_o his_o foot_n with_o his_o head_n uncover_v ioâ—ning_v his_o hand_n and_o put_v they_o between_o his_o lord_n who_o remain_v sit_v and_o pronounce_v these_o word_n or_o to_o the_o same_o effect_n hear_v sir_n i_o become_v your_o man_n from_o this_o day_n forward_o of_o life_n and_o limb_n and_o of_o earthly_a worship_n and_o shall_v bear_v you_o faith_n for_o the_o land_n i_o hold_v of_o you_o and_o if_o it_o be_v not_o the_o king_n that_o receive_v the_o homage_n save_v always_o the_o faith_n which_o i_o owe_v unto_o our_o sovereign_a lord_n the_o king_n so_o god_n i_o help_n and_o the_o content_n of_o this_o book_n which_o say_v the_o lord_n shall_v kiss_v he_o 68_o he_o bract._n l._n 2._o c._n 35._o n._n 8._o 9_o lit._n sect_n 2._o l._n 1._o inst_z com._n c._n 23._o 17._o e._n 2._o brit._n c._n 68_o 9_o ranulphus_fw-la de_fw-la glanville_n deni_v than_o bishop_n who_o be_v consecrate_v or_o a_o woman_n may_v do_v homage_n 1._o homage_n l_o 9_o spec._n 9_o inst_z l._n 1._o but_o fitzherbert_n f._n fitzherbert_n n._n b._n 258._o f._n according_a to_o the_o rule_n in_o the_o register_n affirm_v that_o a_o woman_n if_o single_a may_v swear_v homage_n and_o fealty_n to_o the_o king_n when_o from_o he_o she_o receive_v livery_n of_o her_o land_n and_o our_o more_o modern_a author_n hold_v that_o both_o clergy_n and_o woman_n be_v subject_a to_o this_o service_n although_o the_o term_n of_o expression_n be_v a_o little_a different_a for_o a_o clergy_n man_n for_o that_o he_o have_v set_v himself_o a_o part_n for_o the_o more_o special_a service_n of_o god_n use_v these_o word_n i_o do_v homage_n to_o you_o and_o shall_v bear_v your_o faith_n for_o the_o land_n and_o tenement_n which_o i_o hold_v of_o you_o save_v always_o the_o faith_n which_o i_o owe_v unto_o the_o king_n our_o sovereign_n 1._o sovereign_n inst_z com._n c._n 23._o lit._n l._n 2._o c._n 1._o and_o a_o single_a woman_n do_v homage_n do_v not_o say_v unto_o her_o lord_n i_o become_v your_o woman_n for_o that_o it_o be_v not_o convenient_a that_o she_o shall_v be_v another_o man_n woman_n than_o her_o husband_n who_o she_o shall_v marry_v but_o she_o shall_v pronounce_v the_o same_o word_n which_o be_v prescribe_v to_o the_o clergy_n ib._n clergy_n id._n ib._n and_o a_o woman_n who_o be_v marry_v shall_v do_v homage_n by_o her_o husband_n ib._n husband_n id._n ib._n 10._o if_o it_o happen_v that_o any_o one_o hold_v divers_a fee_n by_o knight_n service_n of_o diverse_a lord_n he_o â—all_n do_v homage_n to_o they_o all_o but_o shall_v use_v â—â—ese_n word_n in_o the_o end_n save_v the_o faith_n which_o owe_v unto_o our_o sovereign_a lord_n the_o king_n and_o â—nto_o my_o other_o lord_n ib._n lord_n id_fw-la ib._n 11._o now_o it_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v that_o homage_n be_v always_o annex_v to_o knight_n service_n â—ut_v not_o sole_o to_o it_o for_o tenant_n in_o socage_n â—ay_v also_o do_v it_o 6._o it_o brac._n l._n 2._o c._n 35._o n._n 6._o 12._o homage_n be_v divide_v into_o new_a and_o ancient_a call_v auncestrell_n new_o be_v that_o which_o 〈◊〉_d perform_v by_o he_o who_o have_v a_o new_a fee_n 7._o fee_n instit_fw-la com._n c._n 28._o lit._n l._n 2._o c._n 7._o ancient_a by_o he_o who_o have_v a_o ancient_a one_o â—nd_v that_o ancient_a have_v a_o double_a effect_n one_o â—hat_n the_o lord_n shall_v secure_v to_o his_o tenant_n his_o estate_n or_o fee_n or_o as_o our_o author_n say_v shall_v warâ—ant_v it_o against_o all_o man_n the_o other_o that_o he_o â—hall_v save_v he_o quiet_a and_o harmless_a from_o any_o service_n of_o another_o lord_n at_o least_o in_o respect_n or_o relation_n to_o that_o fee_n 13._o fealty_n which_o our_o author_n also_o call_v fiducia_n be_v a_o real_a service_n 66._o service_n brit._n c._n 66._o due_a from_o every_o tenant_n to_o his_o lord_n at_o his_o first_o induction_n whether_o the_o fee_n be_v noble_a or_o ignoble_a for_o such_o be_v the_o disposition_n of_o this_o contract_n that_o whoever_o hold_v by_o fealty_n only_o hold_v the_o most_o free_o of_o any_o one_o except_o the_o king_n 8._o king_n smith_n com._n l._n 3._o c._n 8._o for_o no_o subject_n can_v hold_v without_o fealty_n 303._o fealty_n lit._n l._n 2._o c._n 5._o west_n simbol_n l._n 2._o sec._n 303._o
and_o ancient_o he_o that_o break_v faith_n with_o his_o lord_n do_v forthwith_o forfeit_v his_o estate_n 3._o estate_n bract._n l._n 5._o tr_fw-la 3._o c._n 6._o n._n 3._o 14._o fealty_n be_v double_a one_o be_v general_a confirm_v by_o the_o oath_n of_o every_o subject_n to_o the_o sepremacy_n the_o other_o special_a due_a unto_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o fâ—e_n 16._o fâ—e_n le_fw-fr grand_fw-fr constumier_fw-fr de_fw-fr normand_n b._n fle._n l._n 3._o c._n 16._o the_o first_o be_v constant_o exact_v at_o sheriff_n court_n and_o view_v of_o frankpledge_a or_o court_n leet_n from_o all_o which_o in_o the_o verge_n or_o precinct_n of_o the_o county_n or_o leet_n who_o be_v twelve_o year_n old_a otherwise_o they_o have_v no_o warrant_n to_o continue_v in_o their_o estate_n 1._o estate_n brac._n l._n 3._o tr_fw-la 2._o c_o 1_o n_o 1._o yet_o our_o ancestor_n more_o ancient_a use_v not_o to_o impose_v this_o oath_n upon_o any_o under_o fourteen_o or_o fifteen_o 27._o fifteen_o id_fw-la ib._n flet._n l._n 1._o c._n 27._o year_n of_o age_n the_o form_n of_o which_o bracton_n thus_o explain_v they_o shall_v swear_v that_o they_o will_v not_o receive_v or_o entertain_v person_n outlawed_a murderer_n robber_n or_o burglary_n nor_o that_o they_o will_v consent_v or_o connive_v at_o they_o or_o their_o receiver_n and_o that_o if_o they_o shall_v know_v any_o such_o they_o will_v attaâ—â—_n they_o and_o that_o if_o they_o shall_v hear_v any_o hâ—â—_n and_o cry_n they_o shall_v immediate_o follow_v with_o their_o family_n and_o servant_n cod_n servant_n brac._n cod_n flet._n cod_n and_o brittâ—â—_n more_o brief_o 12._o brief_o c._n 12._o when_o he_o say_v that_o they_o shall_v swear_v to_o bear_v say_v unto_o the_o king_n and_o that_o they_o shall_v neither_o be_v felon_n themselves_o nor_o consent_n to_o felony_n 15_o the_o form_n of_o fealty_n special_a be_v double_a one_o which_o be_v proper_a to_o freeman_n the_o other_o to_o villain_n when_o a_o freeman_n swear_v fealty_n to_o his_o lord_n he_o lay_v his_o right_a hand_n upon_o the_o book_n and_o say_v as_o follow_v know_v you_o this_o my_o lord_n n._n that_o j._n m._n shall_v be_v faithful_a and_o true_a unto_o you_o and_o faith_n to_o you_o shall_v bear_v for_o the_o land_n which_o i_o hold_v of_o you_o at_o the_o time_n assign_v so_o help_v i_o god_n and_o all_o saint_n 2._o saint_n lit._n l._n 2._o c._n 2._o when_o a_o villain_n swear_v fealty_n he_o shall_v hold_v his_o right_a hand_n a_o little_a high_o than_o the_o book_n so_o that_o he_o touch_v it_o not_o and_o shall_v say_v know_v you_o this_o my_o lord_n n._n that_o j._n m._n shall_v from_o this_o day_n forward_o be_v true_a and_o faithful_a to_o you_o and_o faith_n to_o you_o shall_v bear_v for_o the_o land_n which_o i_o hold_v of_o you_o in_o villainage_n and_o i_o shall_v be_v justify_v by_o you_o in_o body_n and_o good_n so_o help_v i_o god_n and_o all_o saint_n 3._o saint_n 14._o e._n 1._o c._n 2._o spec._n inst_z l._n 3._o 16._o custody_n or_o guard_n be_v a_o real_a service_n proper_a to_o a_o knight_n fee_n by_o which_o the_o lord_n have_v the_o guard_n and_o care_n of_o the_o fee_n and_o that_o to_o his_o own_o use_n without_o give_v any_o account_n during_o the_o minority_n of_o the_o infant_n his_o tenant_n as_o also_o the_o education_n and_o guard_n of_o the_o body_n of_o the_o heir_n now_o every_o one_o be_v with_o we_o a_o infant_n till_o 21._o year_n of_o age_n if_o a_o male_a for_o our_o law_n presume_v that_o knight_n service_n can_v be_v due_o perform_v till_o that_o age_n 44._o age_n fortesc_n c._n 44._o but_o we_o have_v speak_v enough_o of_o this_o already_o only_o this_o we_o shall_v add_v that_o the_o lord_n may_v if_o he_o please_v alien_n this_o his_o title_n of_o guardianship_n as_o well_o as_o any_o other_o thing_n which_o he_o have_v whence_o it_o be_v that_o there_o be_v a_o double_a guardian_n namely_o one_o of_o right_n as_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o fee_n the_o other_o in_o fait_z which_o be_v he_o to_o who_o the_o lord_n have_v alien_v the_o guard_n of_o the_o heir_n and_o land_n or_o of_o the_o heir_n only_o 24._o only_o inst_z come_v c._n 24._o 17._o relief_n be_v a_o real_a service_n or_o patrimonial_a though_o some_o call_v it_o apt_o a_o fruit_n or_o beneficial_a profit_n of_o a_o service_n a._n service_n coo._n l._n 3._o case_n penante_n foe_fw-mi 66._o a._n due_a both_o to_o knight_n service_n 17._o service_n brac._n l._n 2._o c._n 4._o lit._n l._n 2._o c._n 4._o brit._n c._n 66._o fol._n 165._o a._n flet._n l._n 3_o c._n 17._o and_o socage_n by_o which_o the_o feodary_n tenant_n by_o knight_n service_n whether_o male_a or_o female_a be_v at_o full_a age_n at_o the_o death_n of_o the_o ancestor_n viz._n the_o male_a 27._o the_o female_a 14._o year_n of_o age_n be_v oblige_v to_o pay_v a_o certain_a sum_n of_o money_n tenant_n in_o socage_n pay_v so_o much_o for_o relief_n as_o he_o pay_v 17._o pay_v lit._n l._n 2._o c._n 5._o 19_o h._n 7._o c._n 15._o bro._n tenor_n 76_o flet._n l._n 3._o c._n 17._o yearly_a by_o way_n of_o rent_n to_o his_o lord_n at_o what_o age_n soever_o he_o be_v at_o the_o death_n of_o his_o ancestor_n &_o that_o without_o delay_n 9_o delay_n dr._n stu._n l._n 1_o c._n 7._o flet._n l._n 1._o c._n 9_o so_o that_o the_o first_o year_n he_o pay_v his_o rent_n double_a one_o by_o way_n of_o relief_n the_o other_o part_n by_o way_n of_o rent_n 17._o rent_n flet._n l._n 3._o c._n 17._o for_o the_o lord_n may_v immediate_o distrain_v that_o be_v take_v whatever_o he_o find_v upon_o the_o estate_n by_o way_n of_o pledy_n until_o he_o shall_v be_v satisfy_v for_o his_o relief_n 5._o relief_n littl._n l._n 2._o c._n 5._o so_o if_o one_o hold_v by_o fealty_n and_o a_o pound_n of_o pepper_n the_o heir_n shall_v pay_v the_o first_o year_n two_o pound_n of_o pepper_n and_o the_o law_n be_v the_o same_o where_o the_o tenant_n pay_v for_o his_o rent_n yearly_o a_o certain_a number_n of_o capon_n or_o hen_n or_o a_o pair_n of_o glove_n or_o so_o many_o bushel_n of_o corn_n or_o the_o like_a but_o if_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o season_n the_o tenant_n can_v pay_v relief_n present_o than_o the_o lord_n ought_v to_o expect_v until_o a_o convenient_a time_n as_o in_o case_n he_o be_v bind_v to_o pay_v a_o rose_n or_o a_o bushel_n of_o rose_n at_o the_o feast_n of_o st_n john_n baptist_n here_o if_o he_o die_v in_o winter_n the_o heir_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v distreyn_v by_o the_o lord_n until_o the_o season_n come_v that_o rose_n may_v be_v have_v ib._n have_v littl._n ib._n this_o the_o feodists_n define_v to_o be_v a_o present_a or_o gratuity_n which_o the_o new_a vassal_n bestow_v upon_o his_o lord_n for_o admission_n upon_o the_o death_n of_o another_o or_o for_o any_o other_o cause_n which_o shall_v occasion_v the_o estate_n to_o come_v unto_o he_o in_o regard_n it_o be_v now_o take_v up_o by_o a_o new_a one_o relevium_fw-la one_o hotoman_n verb._n feodalis_fw-la ver_fw-la relevium_fw-la 18._o and_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o heir_n of_o earl_n or_o baron_n be_v other_o that_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o capite_fw-la that_o be_v in_o right_a of_o his_o crown_n by_o knight_n service_n if_o they_o be_v at_o full_a age_n at_o the_o death_n of_o their_o ancestor_n shall_v pay_v their_o accustom_a relief_n viz._n a_o earl_n 100_o pound_n a_o baron_n a_o hundred_o mark_n the_o heir_n of_o a_o knight_n for_o one_o knight_n fee_n 100_o shilling_n and_o if_o there_o be_v any_o who_o hold_v â—y_a a_o double_a knight_n fee_v 200._o shilling_n and_o â—o_o according_a to_o the_o rate_n 17._o rate_n mag._n ch._n c._n 2._o instit_fw-la come_v c._n 24._o flet._n l._n 3._o c._n 17._o which_o be_v also_o â—rue_a in_o the_o case_n of_o other_o lord_n of_o fe_n 69._o fe_n brac._n l._n 2._o c._n 36._o brit._n c._n 69._o 19_o the_o ancient_n derive_v this_o word_n reâ—eife_n a_o relevando_n because_o the_o inheritance_n which_o lie_v still_o by_o the_o death_n of_o the_o ancestor_n be_v raise_v up_o into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o heir_n and_o for_o this_o raise_n up_o there_o shall_v be_v a_o certain_a fine_a or_o acknowledgement_n pay_v by_o the_o heir_n and_o this_o they_o term_v relief_n ib._n relief_n brac._n ib._n brit._n ib._n 20._o marriage_n be_v a_o real_a service_n belong_v â—o_o a_o knight_n fee_n by_o which_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o â—ee_n have_v a_o power_n of_o bestow_v his_o feodary_n in_o marriage_n according_a to_o his_o pleasure_n or_o at_o least_o of_o claim_v the_o value_n of_o the_o marriage_n â—f_o so_o be_v that_o he_o be_v under_o age_n at_o the_o day_n of_o the_o death_n of_o his_o
ancestor_n but_o of_o this_o we_o have_v speak_v enough_o before_o now_o marriage_n be_v a_o equivocal_a word_n since_o it_o signify_v also_o the_o fee_n itself_o which_o be_v give_v in_o matrimony_n 39_o matrimony_n brac._n l._n 2._o c._n 34._o &_o 39_o and_o this_o shall_v suffice_v of_o service_n that_o be_v noble_a 21._o that_o service_n which_o â—s_v rural_a and_o ignoble_a be_v by_o we_o call_v socage_n from_o the_o french_a word_n soc_n which_o signify_v a_o plough_n or_o soccage_n as_o sockage_n the_o cause_n of_o which_o appellation_n be_v that_o these_o kind_n of_o tenant_n be_v by_o our_o predecessor_n bind_v to_o the_o service_n of_o the_o soc_n or_o plough_v and_o come_v yearly_a when_o the_o season_n require_v with_o their_o ox_n to_o plough_v and_o sow_v some_o part_n of_o their_o lord_n land_n but_o by_o process_n of_o time_n it_o be_v now_o become_v so_o that_o these_o kind_n of_o work_n be_v in_o most_o place_n change_v into_o a_o certain_a rent_n although_o the_o ancient_a name_n of_o the_o service_n remain_v still_o 31._o still_o lit._n l._n 2._o c._n 5._o inst_z come_v c._n 31._o so_o that_o this_o tenure_n which_o at_o first_o be_v slight_o esteem_v of_o be_v now_o account_v mud_n the_o better_a for_o the_o original_a labour_n be_v convert_v into_o a_o moderate_a sum_n of_o money_n only_o the_o value_n of_o the_o yearly_a rent_n be_v exact_v for_o relief_n and_o it_o be_v oblige_v neither_o to_o guaâ—â—_n or_o marriage_n 18._o marriage_n dyer_n fol._n 362._o n._n 18._o 22._o wherefore_o socage_n which_o at_o first_o be_v pure_o a_o villain_n and_o rural_a service_n be_v now_o â—â—vided_v into_o free_a and_o villain_n free_a socage_n 〈◊〉_d that_o which_o in_o lieu_n of_o villain_n service_n pay_v 〈◊〉_d the_o lord_n a_o certain_a annual_a rent_n 1._o rent_n brac._n l._n 2._o c._n 35._o n._n 1._o villâ—â—â—_n socage_n be_v double_a that_o ancient_a viz._n by_o which_o there_o be_v a_o certain_a service_n perform_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o fee_n for_o this_o be_v even_o still_o in_o use_n 31._o use_n lit._n l._n 2._o c._n 5_o inst_z corn_n c._n 31._o and_o the_o other_o which_o be_v pure_a villainage_n in_o which_o there_o be_v obligation_n to_o incertain_a service_n and_o undetermined_a where_o one_o can_v tell_v over_o night_n what_o service_n will_v be_v require_v next_o morning_n viz._n where_o any_o one_o by_o reason_n of_o his_o fee_n or_o person_n be_v engage_v to_o do_v whatsoever_o be_v command_v he_o b._n he_o brac._n l._n 2._o c._n 8._o n._n 3._o vet_z n._n b_o fol._n 49._o brac._n l._n 1._o c._n 11._o n._n 1._o bri._n c._n 66._o foe_n 165_o b._n but_o our_o modern_n do_v not_o subject_v those_o who_o hold_v in_o villainage_n to_o such_o uncertain_a service_n but_o call_v that_o villainage_n where_o a_o villain_n tenant_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o a_o manor_n or_o will_n of_o the_o lord_n or_o a_o freeman_n by_o reason_n of_o his_o fee_n performs_z service_n duty_n to_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o fee_n as_o to_o carry_v dung_n out_o of_o a_o city_n or_o ouâ—_n of_o the_o manor_n of_o the_o lord_n to_o his_o lord_n land_n and_o the_o like_a 9_o like_a lit._n l._n 2._o c._n 11._o inst_z come_v c._n 34._o bro._n c._n 66._o n._n 9_o 23._o that_o fee_n therefore_o which_o be_v hold_v by_o free_a socage_n enjoy_v the_o best_a condition_n of_o any_o other_o at_o this_o day_n be_v free_v from_o the_o encumbrance_n of_o guard_n and_o marriage_n 5._o marriage_n smith_n com._n l._n 3._o c._n 5._o which_o to_o tenant_n by_o knight_n service_n often_o fall_v out_o most_o heavy_a but_o this_o at_o present_a if_o take_v according_a to_o the_o utmost_a latitude_n of_o its_o signification_n be_v understand_v to_o include_v all_o other_o kind_n of_o tenor_n which_o be_v hold_v by_o a_o certain_a rent_n free_a from_o guard_n and_o marriage_n 66._o marriage_n brit._n c._n 66._o as_o those_o which_o be_v hold_v by_o franck-almaign_a ib._n franck-almaign_a id._n ib._n or_o in_o ancient_a demesne_n of_o the_o king_n socage_n king_n id._n lb._n lit._n c._n socage_n by_o fee-farm_n ib._n fee-farm_n brit._n ib._n in_o free_a bank_n ib._n bank_n id._n ib._n or_o burgage_n 77._o burgage_n bro._n tenor_n n._n 5._o &_o 77._o 24._o the_o service_n of_o franck-almaign_a if_o at_o least_o we_o may_v call_v that_o a_o service_n which_o pay_v neither_o fealty_n nor_o any_o terrene_a duty_n to_o the_o donor_n be_v where_o a_o fee_n be_v give_v to_o a_o abbot_n or_o prior_n &_o their_o covent_n or_o to_o a_o dean_n &_o chapter_n to_o a_o mr._n of_o a_o hospital_n or_o any_o body_n or_o person_n ecclesiastical_a under_o that_o capacity_n or_o notion_n that_o they_o shall_v pray_v for_o the_o soul_n of_o the_o donor_n and_o his_o family_n live_v or_o dead_a but_o this_o at_o present_a can_v be_v do_v only_o by_o the_o supreme_a power_n for_o that_o there_o be_v a_o statute_n westminst_n statute_n westminst_n which_o prohibit_v any_o from_o grant_v their_o fee-simple_n to_o be_v hold_v of_o himself_o wherefore_o whosoever_o from_o that_o time_n the_o king_n except_v give_v a_o estate_n in_o franck-almaign_a do_v in_o vain_a add_v that_o word_n franck-almaign_a because_o it_o wrought_v nothing_o but_o that_o the_o donee_n hold_v the_o same_o estate_n of_o the_o superior_a lord_n by_o the_o same_o service_n which_o the_o donor_n hold_v it_o who_o act_n can_v prejudice_v none_o but_o himself_o 61._o himself_o bro._n tenor_n 61._o but_o it_o seem_v the_o capital_a lord_n may_v remit_v these_o service_n and_o so_o make_v it_o frank-almaign_a 97._o frank-almaign_a id._n ib._n 71._o 97._o the_o service_n of_o ancient_a demesne_n be_v that_o which_o the_o tenant_n of_o the_o ancient_a demesne_n of_o the_o king_n perform_v now_o ancient_a dâ—mesne_n be_v all_o that_o which_o be_v immediate_o helâ—_n of_o the_o king_n st._n edward_n oâ—_n â—illiam_fw-la the_o conqueror_n deme_n conqueror_n term._n law_n ancient_a deme_n for_o the_o late_a take_v a_o exact_a survey_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n so_o that_o heâ—_n may_v know_v of_o what_o lord_n every_o rod_n 〈◊〉_d ground_n within_o it_o be_v hold_v this_o survey_n he_o cause_v to_o be_v enter_v into_o a_o book_n which_o be_v yet_o remain_v in_o the_o public_a exchequer_n by_o he_o style_v â—â—nchester_a roll_n or_o doomsday_n book_n doomsday_n camd._n br._n c._n 94._o coo._n pref_o to_o his_o 3_o d._n book_n now_o by_o ancient_a demesne_n we_o understand_v all_o those_o manor_n which_o be_v there_o assign_v and_o ascribe_v to_o the_o king_n namely_o because_o they_o be_v the_o king_n demesne_n 〈◊〉_d ancient_n and_o the_o service_n by_o which_o these_o tenant_n hold_v of_o the_o king_n be_v socage_n c._n socage_n f._n n._n b._n foe_n 13._o d._n &_o 14._o b._n c._n but_o these_o have_v a_o double_a manner_n of_o hold_v vâ—â—_n some_o by_o charter_n and_o be_v call_v the_o king_n free_a tenant_n other_o by_o seal_n which_o we_o call_v copy_n of_o court_n roll_n or_o by_o the_o verge_n and_o these_o be_v style_v the_o king_n free_a sockmans_n 8._o sockmans_n brac._n l._n 2._o c._n 8._o n._n 4._o brit._n c._n 66._o f._n n._n b._n fol._n 14._o d._n flet._n l._n 1._o c._n 8._o neither_o of_o these_o be_v tenant_n at_o the_o will_n of_o the_o lord_n but_o by_o service_n first_o due_a according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o mannoâ—_n 66._o mannoâ—_n kitch_n fol._n 99_o brit._n c._n 66._o many_o writer_n have_v treat_v of_o the_o liberty_n and_o privilege_n which_o these_o tenant_n have_v that_o they_o may_v have_v the_o great_a leisure_n to_o attend_v the_o king_n business_n 8._o business_n brit._n ib._n f._n n._n b._n ib_o lit._n l._n 2._o â—â—st_n come_v c._n 35._o flet._n l._n 1_o c._n 8._o 26._o the_o service_n which_o be_v perform_v also_o by_o tenant_n in_o fee-farm_n be_v socage_n in_o regard_n fee-farm_n can_v be_v where_o guard_n and_o marriage_n be_v reserve_v to_o the_o lord_n by_o charter_n ib._n charter_n brit._n ib._n and_o the_o same_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v of_o tenant_n in_o frank_a bank_n 2._o bank_n brit._n ib._n br._n l._n 4._o tr_fw-la 6._o c._n 13._o n._n 2._o 27._o burgage_n be_v a_o certain_a rent_n payable_a by_o those_o which_o inhabit_v the_o ancient_a burrough_n or_o city_n which_o spring_n from_o they_o of_o this_o kingdom_n either_o to_o the_o king_n or_o another_o lord_n to_o who_o the_o king_n have_v grant_v it_o and_o this_o also_o be_v call_v socage_n 10._o socage_n littl._n l._n 2._o c._n 10._o 28._o have_v pass_v so_o cursory_o over_o these_o we_o be_v to_o know_v that_o there_o be_v many_o more_o fee-service_n behind_o which_o be_v partly_o proper_a to_o tenant_n in_o knight_n service_n partly_o to_o socage_n and_o some_o common_a even_n to_o both_o as_o secta_fw-la ad_fw-la curiam_fw-la secta_fw-la ad_fw-la molendinum_fw-la herriot_n aide_n to_o make_v
sheep_n corn_n or_o any_o such_o like_a thing_n 542_o thing_n bro_n tit_n tenor_n 133_o plough_v 542_o 4._o now_o these_o kind_n of_o use_n and_o profit_n be_v dissolve_v either_o by_o the_o death_n of_o the_o usufructuary_n 5_o usufructuary_n instit_fw-la come_v c_o 5_o as_o copyhold_n or_o for_o treason_n in_o which_o case_n the_o delinquent_n lose_v all_o his_o good_n and_o life_n also_o 201_o also_o f._n n_o b._n 2._o 3_o 201_o or_o by_o process_n of_o time_n namely_o when_o the_o year_n for_o which_o they_o be_v make_v be_v expire_v by_o consolidation_n 420_o consolidation_n co._n l._n 2_o foe_n 17_o a_o blow_n 419_o 420_o when_o the_o usufructuary_n purchase_v the_o property_n and_o last_o through_o the_o default_n of_o the_o usufructuary_n as_o for_o waste_v or_o let_v his_o estate_n to_o another_o contrary_a to_o right_n and_o law_n 55_o law_n flet_n l_o 1_o c_o 14_o madge_n char_n c_o 4_o westmin_n 1_o c_o 47_o stat_n glow_n 1_o 5_o westmin_n 2_o c_o 35_o dyer_n foe_o 30_o 42_o 178_o f_o n_o b_o foe_o 55_o of_o use_n and_o habitation_n tit._n v._n usus_fw-la have_v as_o large_a a_o extent_n with_o we_o as_o usufructus_fw-la have_v with_o the_o civilian_n 22._o civilian_n 27_o h._n 8._o c._n 10._o dr._n and_o stu._n l._n 2._o c._n 22._o but_o i_o do_v not_o see_v any_o cause_n why_o the_o same_o law_n which_o the_o roman_n have_v both_o for_o use_n and_o habitation_n may_v not_o take_v place_n with_o we_o there_o be_v nothing_o which_o i_o have_v ever_o read_v which_o may_v either_o hinder_v the_o give_v and_o bequeath_v of_o they_o or_o purchase_v they_o by_o agreement_n but_o yet_o i_o find_v nothing_o special_o or_o positive_o determine_v by_o our_o lawyer_n from_o whence_o i_o may_v with_o confidence_n averâ—e_v any_o thing_n of_o custom_n and_o prescription_n tit._n vi_o it_o have_v be_v say_v before_o how_o that_o title_n and_o dominion_n over_o corporal_a thing_n be_v through_o a_o just_a act_n and_o purchase_v transfer_v by_o livery_n now_o we_o be_v to_o declare_v how_o it_o may_v be_v transfer_v without_o by_o custom_n namely_o by_o a_o long_a continual_a and_o peaceable_a and_o quiet_a possession_n through_o usage_n and_o time_n and_o without_o livery_n 15._o brac_n l._n 2._o c._n 22._o flel_n l._n 3._o c._n 15._o for_o prescription_n have_v sometime_o the_o force_n of_o livery_n 13_o brit._n c._n 4._o brac_n l_o 4_o tr_fw-la 1_o c_o 38_o n_o 13_o 1._o justinian_n for_o the_o most_o part_n put_v a_o difference_n between_o custom_n and_o prescription_n as_o that_o the_o first_o shall_v be_v of_o moveable_n the_o late_a of_o immovables_n pâ—aescrip_n immovables_n prat_n u_fw-mi lexi_fw-la verb_n pâ—aescrip_n yet_o they_o be_v often_o use_v promiscuous_o 10_o vultaeius_n come_v sup_v justin_n n_o 6_o and_z 10_o 2._o movable_n be_v not_o always_o take_v the_o lame_a way_n by_o custom_n for_o such_o as_o be_v buy_v in_o a_o public_a fair_a or_o market_n although_o steal_v be_v immediate_o the_o buyer_n the_o sale_n be_v legal_a viz._n the_o toll_n if_o there_o be_v any_o due_a pay_v and_o a_o coutract_v enter_v so_o that_o the_o owneâ—_n can_v no_o way_n be_v evict_v but_o a_o horse_n dier_n v_o do_fw-mi barg_fw-mi &_o sale_n l_o do_fw-mi 24._o dier_n which_o be_v steal_v be_v thus_o by_o the_o custom_n make_v once_o own_o viz._n if_o it_o be_v ride_v in_o a_o open_a market_n or_o fair_a by_o the_o space_n of_o a_o full_a hour_n 66_o foe_n 77._o n_o 66_o or_o otherwise_o shall_v be_v lead_v there_o continual_o and_o open_o that_o he_o may_v be_v show_v and_o 7_o f_o 2_o and_z 3_o pb_n and_o mary_n c_o 7_o then_o the_o seller_n come_v to_o he_o that_o keep_v the_o toll_n book_n show_v the_o horse_n and_o tell_v his_o own_o christian_a name_n and_o surname_n as_o also_o his_o possession_n and_o place_n of_o dwell_v prove_v all_o this_o by_o one_o witness_n who_o be_v well_o know_v unto_o he_o that_o keep_v the_o toll_n he_o be_v to_o enter_v it_o into_o the_o book_n 12_o 31_o eliz_n c._n 12_o 3._o any_o beast_n or_o cattle_n find_v stray_v in_o the_o fee_n of_o another_o be_v by_o the_o custom_n after_o public_a proclamation_n make_v in_o the_o neighbour_a market_n due_a to_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o fee_n unless_o the_o owner_n challenge_v it_o within_o a_o year_n and_o a_o day_n 51_o brit_n dr_n stu_fw-la 2_o c_o 3_o &_o 51_o so_o also_o be_v such_o thing_n which_o be_v leave_v and_o forsake_v which_o we_o call_v waife_n ib_o id._n ib_o as_o also_o such_o as_o be_v bring_v to_o land_n from_o shipwreck_n if_o they_o fall_v not_o under_o the_o notion_n of_o wreck_n k_n but_o all_o other_o thing_n whether_o give_v or_o find_v or_o happen_v through_o their_o over_o heaviness_n do_v not_o follow_v the_o same_o rule_n much_o less_o thing_n which_o be_v steal_v 17._o steal_v new_a book_n of_o entry_n verb._n pro._n brac._n l._n 2._o c._n 5._o n._n 2._o brit._n c._n 17._o yet_o the_o citizen_n of_o london_n be_v say_v to_o have_v a_o privilege_n that_o whatsoever_o any_o one_o buy_v appertain_v to_o his_o own_o trade_n and_o bring_v bona_fw-la fide_fw-la to_o his_o shop_n to_o be_v buy_v it_o become_v immediate_o his_o own_o without_o all_o fear_n of_o eviction_n 16._o eviction_n dyer_n s_o 121_o n._n 16._o 4._o prescription_n be_v a_o legal_a definition_n or_o limit_v of_o time_n ordain_v for_o this_o end_n that_o in_o all_o transaction_n for_o peace_n sake_n there_o may_v be_v a_o opportunity_n observe_v all_o prescription_n tend_v to_o this_o that_o nothing_o may_v be_v do_v in_o the_o common_a wealth_n late_a or_o soon_o than_o seem_v just_a and_o equal_a moreover_o in_o the_o manage_v of_o affair_n it_o be_v fit_v that_o we_o shall_v have_v limit_n of_o time_n prefix_v both_o to_o quicken_v industry_n and_o avoid_v precipitation_n supra_fw-la precipitation_n prataeus_fw-la ubi_fw-la supra_fw-la 5._o but_o prescription_n differ_v from_o custom_n that_o only_o come_v from_o possession_n add_v a_o new_a right_n and_o adjoin_v a_o new_a title_n to_o the_o thing_n acquire_v have_v substract_v the_o other_o whereas_o custom_n do_v nothing_o so_o for_o that_o it_o only_o impart_v its_o own_o law_n to_o those_o by_o who_o it_o take_v its_o original_a and_o by_o who_o usage_n and_o consent_n it_o receive_v perfection_n 8._o perfection_n conna_n l._n 1._o come_v jur._n civil_a 10._o n._n 8._o 6._o prescription_n although_o in_o the_o common_a acceptation_n it_o be_v such_o a_o portion_n of_o time_n as_o exceed_v the_o memory_n of_o man_n 104._o man_n dr._n stu._n l._n 1._o c._n 8._o kitchen_n 104._o yet_o have_v it_o much_o of_o diversity_n among_o we_o but_o for_o order_n saâ—â—e_v we_o have_v think_v fit_a to_o divide_v it_o thus_o viz._n into_o that_o which_o work_v to_o the_o secure_a avoid_v of_o a_o loss_n and_o that_o which_o work_v to_o the_o certain_a acquire_v of_o a_o propriety_n 7._o for_o the_o avoid_n of_o damage_n this_o be_v â—heif_n where_o any_o sum_n of_o money_n be_v adjudge_v â—o_o the_o king_n by_o any_o statute_n for_o a_o offence_n â—here_o the_o offender_n may_v after_o two_o year_n clap_v prescribe_v to_o themselves_o immunity_n but_o in_o case_n where_o it_o be_v due_a to_o the_o king_n and_z another_z as_o informer_n then_o against_o the_o suit_n of_o the_o king_n after_o two_o year_n and_o against_o the_o information_n of_o the_o common_a person_n after_o one_o year_n 5_o year_n 31_o eliz._n c._n 5_o unless_o such_o penal_a statute_n do_v particular_o prefix_v a_o certain_a time_n and_o in_o this_o case_n there_o be_v great_a difference_n in_o statute_n some_o allow_v one_o year_n 4._o year_n 3_o h._n 7._o c._n 1._o 2_o and_o 3_o ph._n &_o mar._n c._n 3._o and_o &_o 5._o c._n 2._o 1_o eliz._n c._n 7._o 14._o c._n 11._o 31._o c._n 4._o some_o one_o year_n and_o a_o day_n 1_o day_n 23_o eliz._n c._n 1_o some_o two_o year_n 14._o year_n 8_o r._n 2_o c._n 4._o 5_o ed._n 6._o c._n 14._o some_o three_o 1_o three_o 8_o h._n 6._o c._n 9_o 1_o h._n 8._o c._n 4._o 39_o eliz._n c_o 1_o some_o four_o 3_o four_o 7_o h_n 8_o c_o 3_o some_o a_o month_n 2_o month_n 23_o eliz_n c._n 2_o some_o two_o month_n 1_o month_n 23_o h_n 6_o c_o 15_o 1_o e_z 6_o c_o 1_o some_o six_o day_n 15_o day_n 5_o eliz_n c_o 5_o and_z 15_o and_o some_o fifteen_o 7_o fifteen_o 11_o h_n 7_o c_o 7_o 7_o h_z 8_o c_o 7_o beside_o according_a to_o the_o common_a law_n if_o a_o man_n upon_o a_o indictment_n of_o murder_n be_v acquit_v he_o may_v after_o a_o year_n and_o a_o day_n plead_v prescription_n against_o any_o appeal_n either_o of_o the_o wife_n or_o b_o b_o f_o n_o b._n foe_o 25_o 9_o brit_n c_o 28_o foe_fw-mi 66_o b_o next_o of_o kin_n of_o the_o
party_n slay_v s_o 8._o thing_n immovable_a whether_o corporal_a or_o incorporal_a have_v divers_a prescription_n the_o most_o usual_a be_v that_o which_o be_v call_v the_o long_a and_o be_v extend_v beyond_o the_o memory_n of_o man_n for_o whosoever_o will_v prescribe_v against_o another_o the_o maintain_n of_o a_o chaplain_n to_o celebrate_v divine_a service_n in_o any_o church_n chaplein_n church_n new_a bo_o ent_n act._n in_o chaplein_n or_o the_o repair_n of_o a_o church_n reparation_n church_n eod_n tit_n in_o reparation_n or_o that_o be_v present_a at_o the_o election_n of_o the_o master_n of_o a_o hospital_n hospital_n hospital_n eod_n tit_n quare_fw-la in_o edit_n in_o hospital_n or_o a_o annuity_n politic_a annuity_n eod._n tit_n annuity_n in_o corp_n politic_a or_o the_o cognisance_n of_o any_o plea_n in_o his_o court_n brief_a court_n eod_a serm_n de_fw-fr brief_a or_o any_o service_n in_o his_o fee_n 122_o fee_n eod_a replev_n in_o amerciament_n f._n n_o b._n foe_o 122_o he_o muâ—â—_n prove_v they_o to_o have_v be_v time_n out_o of_o mind_n or_o he_o do_v nothing_o nor_o do_v we_o mean_v any_o other_o than_o this_o when_o we_o speak_v general_o of_o prescription_n 8._o prescription_n dr._n &_o stu_fw-la l_o 1_o c_o 8._o 9_o but_o there_o be_v prescription_n of_o shortâ—â—_n time_n as_o of_o 40_o year_n in_o the_o way_n of_o tithing_n 13._o tithing_n 2_o &_o 3_o e._n 6._o c._n 13._o five_o year_n for_o land_n and_o tenement_n in_o case_n of_o a_o fine_a acknowledge_v lawful_o 3_o lawful_o dr._n stu._n l._n 1_o c._n 25_o l._n 2_o c_o 14_o lit._n l._n 3_o c_o 7_o inst_z come_v c_o 27_o plough_v 357_o dier_n foe_n 72_o n_o 3_o of_o three_o year_n in_o case_n of_o land_n and_o tenement_n hold_v get_v by_o forcbile_a entry_n and_o hold_v so_o long_o in_o quiet_a possession_n 9_o possession_n 8_o h_n 6_o c_o 9_o of_o a_o year_n and_o a_o day_n for_o a_o villain_n to_o assent_v his_o liberty_n against_o his_o lord_n if_o he_o have_v continue_v so_o long_o in_o ancient_a demesne_n or_o in_o any_o of_o the_o king_n city_n or_o town_n without_o be_v claim_v oâ—_n molest_v 77_o molest_v flet_n l_o 2_o c_o 51_o f_o n_z b_o foe_fw-mi 77_o as_o also_o for_o the_o confirmation_n oâ—_n any_o deed_n make_v by_o one_o who_o be_v in_o prison_n unless_o he_o who_o make_v it_o do_v in_o the_o interim_n revoke_v it_o claim_n it_o liâ—_n l_o 3_o c_o 7_o brac_n l_o 4_o tr_fw-la 1_o c_o 2._o n_o 7_o brit_n c_o 42_o blow_n f_o 357_o and_o 372_o new_a term_n for_o non_fw-la claim_n so_o also_o for_o the_o hinder_v the_o entry_n of_o he_o who_o have_v omit_v continual_a claim_n in_o case_n of_o his_o be_v unjust_o disseise_v of_o those_o land_n and_o tenement_n if_o he_o shall_v endeavour_v to_o recover_v they_o so_o come_v by_o the_o right_n of_o succession_n to_o the_o heir_n of_o the_o disseisor_n 29_o disseisor_n brit_n c_o 34_o perk_n grant_n 29_o 10._o no_o prescription_n of_o time_n shall_v prejudice_v the_o supreme_a power_n 7_o power_n id_fw-la c_o 34_o brabant_n l_o 2_o c_o 5_o n_z 7_o nor_o any_o lord_n but_o that_o he_o may_v challenge_v the_o perquisite_a of_o his_o villain_n ib_o villain_n brac_n ib_o 11._o nor_o be_v there_o a_o prescription_n in_o all_o thing_n as_o for_o example_n not_o in_o those_o which_o be_v not_o subject_a to_o commerce_n nor_o in_o those_o of_o which_o the_o crown_n be_v proper_o sole_a lord_n 11_o lord_n lit_n l_o 2_o c_o 11_o nor_o where_o the_o use_n be_v repugnant_a to_o reason_n and_o good_a manner_n tr_fw-la manner_n id_fw-la ib_fw-la brac_n tr_fw-la nor_o in_o case_n where_o a_o alienation_n can_v be_v make_v without_o a_o instrument_n 13_o instrument_n brac_n l_o 2_o c_o 19_o n_o 4_o 1_o c_o 38_o n_o 13_o and_o it_o be_v agree_v among_o some_o of_o what_o thing_n a_o prescription_n can_v be_v and_o receive_v general_a with_o we_o that_o no_o prescription_n in_o land_n make_v a_o right_a 8._o right_a dr._n stu._n l._n 1._o c._n 8._o 12._o nor_o can_v a_o prescription_n be_v of_o those_o pertinency_n who_o principle_n have_v not_o a_o perpetual_a and_o durable_a continuance_n 40._o continuance_n dier_n foe_fw-mi 70._o n._n 40._o or_o of_o those_o thing_n whereof_o no_o one_o can_v tell_v what_o he_o or_o his_o ancestor_n particular_o who_o estate_n he_o have_v do_v possess_v 42_o possess_v id._n foe_o 71._o n._n 42_o and_o last_o a_o prescription_n be_v of_o no_o validity_n against_o a_o statute_n afterward_o make_v 13._o make_v id._n of_o 373._o n._n 13._o 13._o it_o be_v much_o controvert_v among_o the_o ancient_n how_o long_o after_o one_o may_v bring_v his_o writ_n of_o right_n after_o the_o title_n or_o right_o to_o land_n or_o tenement_n etc._n etc._n have_v lie_v dormant_a or_o his_o assize_n or_o writ_n of_o entry_n to_o gain_v a_o possession_n as_o it_o be_v lose_v by_o he_o to_o who_o it_o appertain_v 21._o appertain_v thaleat_fw-la digest_v br_n l._n 10._o c._n 21._o but_o this_o whole_a controversy_n be_v compose_v by_o the_o prudence_n of_o parliament_n which_o have_v provide_v and_o fit_v apt_a remedy_n for_o the_o difference_n in_o each_o case_n â—_o case_n 32._o h._n 8._o c._n 2._o coo._n l._n 4._o bevils_n case_n foe_n 10._o â—_o of_o gift_n tit._n vii_o there_o be_v many_o way_n of_o acquisition_n by_o the_o civil_a law_n viz._n by_o way_n of_o gift_n succession_n testament_n and_o other_o as_o shall_v appear_v hereafter_o 2._o hereafter_o bract._n l._n 2._o c._n 4._o flet._n l._n 3._o c._n 2._o but_o in_o regard_n that_o among_o all_o the_o other_o cause_n the_o most_o great_a know_v and_o famous_a be_v that_o of_o donation_n or_o gift_n therefore_o it_o do_v worthy_o challenge_v the_o first_o place_n for_o that_o by_o it_o there_o be_v a_o more_o great_a and_o frequent_a acquisition_n then_o any_o other_o 34._o other_o brac._n cod_n c._n 5._o n._n 2._o brit._n c._n 34._o 1._o donation_n be_v a_o certain_a institution_n which_o proceed_v out_o of_o mere_a courtesy_n and_o will_n without_o any_o coercive_a or_o compulsive_a law_n or_o right_n transfer_v a_o thing_n unto_o another_o and_o to_o give_v be_v to_o render_v a_o thing_n his_o that_o receiu_v it_o effectual_o otherwise_o that_o donation_n or_o give_v be_v useless_a which_o can_v be_v revoke_v and_o make_v void_a 3._o void_a bract._n eod_a n._n 2._o brit._n ib._n flet._n l._n 3._o 2._o our_o author_n do_v frequent_o call_v a_o donation_n a_o feoffment_n but_o the_o word_n donation_n have_v a_o great_a latitude_n for_o that_o it_o do_v not_o only_o comprehend_v a_o free_a alienation_n of_o immovables_n but_o of_o some_o moveable_n also_o 26._o also_o bract._n l._n 2._o c._n 26._o yet_o in_o land_n these_o appellation_n be_v distinguish_v thus_o a_o feoffment_n be_v of_o a_o fee_n simple_a to_o the_o donee_n or_o feoffee_n and_o a_o donation_n or_o gift_n be_v of_o a_o estate_n tail_n 6._o tail_n lit._n l._n 1._o c._n 6._o 3._o donation_n in_o the_o large_a signification_n be_v thus_o divide_v viz._n that_o it_o be_v either_o among_o those_o who_o be_v still_o live_v or_o upon_o occasion_n of_o death_n of_o which_o we_o shall_v speak_v hereafter_o 57_o hereafter_o brac._n l._n 2_o c._n 5._o flet._n l._n 2._o c._n 57_o of_o gift_n some_o be_v simple_a and_o pure_a as_o namely_o those_o which_o proceed_v no_o law_n or_o right_n either_o civil_a or_o natural_a enforce_a no_o reward_n fear_v or_o force_v intervene_v from_o the_o mere_a free_a bounty_n of_o the_o donor_n and_o where_o the_o donor_n will_v not_o in_o any_o case_n that_o the_o thing_n give_v shall_v revert_v to_o he_o 8_o he_o brac._n l._n 2._o c._n 5._o n._n 3._o and_o l._n 2._o c._n 10._o flet._n l._n 3._o c._n 3._o and_o c._n 8_o another_o be_v from_o a_o future_a cause_n namely_o where_o any_o cause_n be_v interpose_v for_o which_o a_o thing_n shall_v or_o shall_v not_o be_v 34._o be_v dier_n foe_n 33._o n._n 34._o under_o which_o kind_n fall_v gift_n by_o reason_n of_o marririage_n dower_n 9_o dower_n glan_n l._n 7._o c._n 1._o and_o c._n 18._o bract._n l._n 2._o c._n 7._o flet._n l._n 3._o c._n 9_o or_o death_n etc._n etc._n as_o if_o one_o give_v any_o thing_n with_o such_o a_o intention_n that_o it_o shall_v be_v the_o donee_n when_o a_o subsequent_a thing_n be_v perform_v and_o these_o kind_n of_o gift_n be_v not_o proper_o donation_n when_o they_o be_v conditional_a 11._o conditional_a bract._n ib._n bri._n c._n 34._o f._n n._n b._n f._n 205._o h._n flet._n l._n 3._o c._n 11._o but_o donation_n be_v sometime_o with_o relation_n to_o a_o cause_n past_a 76_o past_a brit._n c._n 35._o light_v c._n 5._o foe_n 76_o and_o sometime_o with_o relation_n both_o to_o past_a and_o future_a cause_n 5._o cause_n plowden_n foe_n 455_o n_o bract._n l._n 2._o c._n 5._o
5_o c._n 25._o flet._n l._n 6._o c._n 48._o dier_n foe_n 224._o n._n 29._o but_o in_o regard_n the_o thing_n take_v be_v also_o receive_v the_o acquisition_n be_v not_o to_o themselves_o but_o to_o the_o king_n as_o we_o have_v say_v nor_o final_o can_v person_n uncertain_a as_o the_o heir_n of_o one_o that_o be_v live_v 345._o live_v perk._n grant_v 52._o blow_n 345._o or_o the_o first-born_a of_o any_o one_o who_o at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o gift_n have_v not_o child_n 43._o child_n perk._n ib._n n._n 54._o dier_n foe_n 274._o n._n 43._o but_o a_o possession_n to_o a._n the_o remainder_n to_o his_o heir_n though_o uncertain_a be_v good_a 66._o good_a coo._n l._n 1._o arâ—bors_n case_n f._n 66._o he_o also_o who_o be_v whole_o unfit_a and_o unable_a to_o execute_v a_o office_n in_o any_o of_o the_o court_n of_o justice_n be_v uncapable_a of_o receive_v the_o say_v office_n 1._o office_n dyer_n fol._n 151._o n._n 1._o 14._o now_o all_o thing_n whatsoever_o may_v be_v give_v save_o those_o thing_n which_o can_v no_o way_n be_v possess_v those_o be_v thing_n sacred_a and_o religious_a or_o as_o it_o be_v sacred_a and_o those_o be_v a_o freeman_n and_o that_o which_o appertain_v to_o the_o king_n treasury_n which_o make_v the_o very_a crown_n and_o belong_v to_o the_o public_a profit_n 6._o profit_n brac._n l._n 2._o c._n 5._o n._n 8._o 13_o 14._o brit._n d_o c._n 34._o flet._n l._n 3._o c._n 6._o to_o which_o also_o some_o add_v the_o wall_n and_o gate_n of_o city_n ib._n city_n flet._n ib._n but_o at_o this_o day_n there_o scarce_o seem_v to_o be_v any_o liberty_n appertain_v to_o the_o crown_n or_o prerogative_n in_o the_o supremacy_n which_o may_v not_o by_o charter_n be_v grant_v to_o a_o subject_a b._n subject_a kitch_n fol._n 30._o b._n 15._o i_o can_v give_v the_o right_n which_o i_o have_v in_o a_o thing_n which_o be_v in_o the_o possession_n of_o another_o to_o a_o three_o person_n yet_o i_o may_v â—emit_v it_o or_o as_o we_o say_v release_v it_o to_o the_o possessor_n by_o my_o writing_n 86._o writing_n perk._n ib._n 85_o 86._o nor_o can_v any_o one_o give_v a_o action_n which_o he_o have_v to_o any_o thing_n as_o we_o have_v say_v before_o cod_n before_o sup._n cod_n except_v the_o king_n 208._o king_n dyer_n fol._n 30._o n._n 208._o or_o to_o the_o k._n 4._o k._n bro._n choose_v in_o action_n 4._o yet_o one_o may_v give_v it_o to_o the_o party_n oblige_v 86._o oblige_v perk._n ib._n 85_o 86._o a_o man_n can_v give_v the_o reversion_n of_o a_o office_n eo_fw-la nomine_fw-la nor_o can_v any_o but_o the_o king_n give_v under_o the_o name_n of_o the_o office_n 18._o office_n dier_n fol._n 259._o n._n 18._o 16._o now_o that_o a_o donation_n may_v be_v valid_a there_o be_v other_o thing_n require_v it_o ought_v to_o be_v free_a and_o not_o compulsatory_a nor_o extort_a by_o force_n or_o fear_n 34._o fear_n brac._n l._n 2._o c._n 5._o n._n 8._o 13._o brit._n d._n c._n 34._o there_o ought_v also_o to_o be_v certainty_n in_o a_o gift_n for_o that_o there_o can_v be_v no_o donation_n of_o a_o thing_n uncertain_a unless_o it_o may_v be_v some_o mean_n be_v reduce_v to_o certainty_n 13._o certainty_n perk._n ib._n 81_o 86._o blow_n fol._n 6_o 7._o 12_o 13._o there_o ought_v also_o certain_a word_n to_o intervene_v to_o a_o congruous_a gift_n 12._o gift_n brac._n ib._n n._n 12._o as_o to_o a_o bargain_n 11_o bargain_n id._n ib._n dier_n foe_n 71._o n._n 10_o 11_o and_o that_o there_o be_v a_o joint_a consent_n as_o well_o of_o the_o donee_n as_o of_o the_o donor_n 33._o donor_n brac._n ib._n n._n 12._o dr._n stu._n l._n 2._o c._n 33._o and_o that_o there_o may_v be_v no_o error_n in_o the_o thing_n give_v 7._o give_v brac._n l._n 2._o c._n 5._o n._n 12._o flet._n l._n 3._o c._n 7._o nor_o fraud_n ib._n fraud_n id._n ib._n not_o prejudice_n to_o a_o three_o person_n 9_o person_n 13._o eliz._n c._n 9_o yet_o a_o false_a or_o pretend_a cause_n adjoin_v to_o a_o gift_n do_v not_o vitiate_v or_o injure_v it_o 6._o it_o flet._n l._n 3._o c._n 6._o 17._o and_o here_o also_o there_o arise_v a_o difference_n among_o donation_n for_o that_o some_o may_v be_v by_o word_n some_o not_o without_o write_v or_o deed_n as_o we_o common_o speak_v 3._o speak_v brac._n l._n 2._o c._n 5._o n._n 3._o all_o chattel_n for_o the_o most_o part_n either_o real_a or_o personal_a may_v be_v give_v by_o word_n 7._o word_n per._n grant_v 7._o unless_o they_o be_v give_v by_o a_o body_n politic_a who_o seal_n iâ—_n necessary_a in_o every_o alienation_n 64._o alienation_n id._n â—od_a 64._o if_o any_o one_o in_o knight_n service_n be_v guardian_n of_o body_n and_o land_n he_o may_v grant_v the_o custody_n of_o the_o land_n or_o the_o profit_n by_o word_n only_o which_o some_o affirm_v also_o as_o to_o the_o body_n or_o person_n of_o the_o heir_n 60._o heir_n id._n ib._n 60._o though_o it_o be_v deny_v by_o other_o for_o this_o reason_n that_o the_o transfer_v of_o the_o body_n do_v not_o consist_v proper_o in_o the_o deliver_v possession_n ib._n possession_n id._n ib._n no_o man_n can_v grant_v land_n which_o one_o have_v in_o possession_n to_o another_o either_o for_o life_n or_o for_o ever_o without_o a_o write_n but_o for_o year_n he_o may_v 61._o may_v id._n eod_a 61._o corn_n which_o be_v but_o grow_v may_v be_v grant_v by_o a_o nude_v parolâ—_n and_o that_o by_o tenant_n in_o tail_n although_o he_o die_v before_o the_o doâ—ee_n have_v sever_v it_o from_o the_o land_n 57_o land_n id._n eod_a 57_o which_o notwithstanding_o be_v otherwise_o in_o fruit_n of_o tree_n grow_v upon_o the_o land_n 59_o land_n id._n eod_a 59_o and_o the_o reason_n of_o the_o differenceit_n may_v be_v be_v because_o corn_n can_v grow_v without_o the_o industry_n of_o man_n but_o tree_n by_o nature_n but_o tenant_n in_o fee-simple_n may_v give_v even_o such_o tree_n by_o his_o word_n only_o 58._o only_o id._n eod_a 58._o because_o he_o have_v a_o large_a power_n than_o tenant_n in_o taile_n and_o last_o land_n and_o tenement_n may_v be_v give_v among_o those_o who_o be_v live_v by_o word_n only_o 62._o only_o id._n cod_n 62._o but_o in_o case_n of_o death_n not_o without_o a_o will_n in_o writing_n etc._n writing_n seetit_fw-fr of_o will_n etc._n etc._n 18._o incorporal_a right_n be_v hardly_o give_v without_o deed_n as_o we_o call_v they_o such_o as_o yearly_a rent_n 80._o rent_n dier_n fol._n 139._o n._n 57_o dr._n stu._n l_o 2._o c._n 16._o fol._n 80._o common_a of_o pasture_n a_o advowson_n villain_n in_o gross_a or_o the_o reversion_n of_o land_n after_o the_o death_n of_o the_o present_a possessor_n 150._o possessor_n perk._n gr_n 61_o blow_n fol._n 150._o of_o which_o nature_n also_o be_v tithe_n according_a to_o the_o opinion_n of_o some_o 233._o some_o perk._n ib._n 62._o blow_n 233._o but_o a_o rectory_n with_o its_o tithe_n may_v 20._o may_v bro_n lease_n fol._n 15._o 20._o to_o which_o may_v be_v add_v the_o right_n of_o guard_n and_o marriage_n 57_o marriage_n dier_n fol._n 370._o n._n 57_o 19_o if_o a_o gift_n be_v in_o all_o thing_n complete_a it_o ought_v to_o be_v confirm_v by_o livery_n or_o something_o parallel_n 91._o parallel_n brac._n l._n 2._o c._n 5._o n._n 12._o 17_o 18._o inst_z come_v c._n 21._o lit._n l._n 1._o c._n 7._o flet._n l._n 3._o c._n 2._o &_o 9_o dier_n f._n 49._o &_o fol._n 91._o now_o how_o livery_n and_o seifin_n be_v to_o be_v we_o have_v speak_v elsewhere_o 20._o there_o be_v three_o kind_n or_o species_n of_o donation_n in_o case_n of_o death_n one_o which_o be_v make_v mere_o upon_o the_o thought_n of_o death_n when_o there_o be_v no_o fear_n or_o danger_n of_o death_n â—igh_a another_o when_o the_o party_n be_v move_v with_o the_o imminent_a fear_n of_o present_a death_n so_o give_v that_o the_o gift_n immediate_o become_v the_o donee_n the_o three_o when_o one_o be_v prick_v with_o the_o danger_n gives_z out_o so_o that_o the_o gift_n be_v forthwith_o the_o donee_n but_o after_o his_o deceale_v 57_o deceale_v brac._n l._n 2._o c._n 26._o flet._n l._n 2._o c._n 57_o what_o person_n may_v alienate_v and_o what_o not_o tit._n viii_o this_o chapter_n be_v so_o near_o the_o other_o that_o we_o must_v necessary_o repeat_v many_o thing_n which_o we_o mention_v there_o but_o the_o word_n â—â—lienating_v being_n more_o general_a than_o give_v those_o thing_n which_o we_o shall_v set_v down_o heâ—_n have_v a_o more_o universal_a use_n it_o happen_v sometime_o that_o he_o that_o be_v oâ—ner_n of_o a_o estate_n can_v alienate_v it_o the_o king_n can_v alienate_v the_o ancient_a mannâ—â—_n annex_v to_o the_o crown_n but_o every_o king_n be_v oblige_v to_o revoke_v the_o alienation_n of_o the_o
croâ—â—_n nor_o will_n a_o obligation_n to_o warranty_n hinder_v unless_o it_o be_v upon_o exchange_n or_o otherwise_o for_o the_o value_n in_o fee_n or_o service_n oâ—â—â—least_v unless_o they_o be_v grant_v for_o the_o commodity_n and_o honour_n of_o the_o king_n as_o the_o barony_n of_o bishop_n 17._o bishop_n flet._n l._n 1._o c._n 8._o &_o 17._o etc._n etc._n but_o this_o right_a 〈◊〉_d now_o almost_o whole_o wear_v out_o either_o by_o the_o munificency_n of_o our_o king_n or_o by_o the_o 〈◊〉_d much_o negligency_n of_o our_o commonwealth_n and_o therefore_o king_n james_n do_v worthy_o study_v a_o wholesome_a remedy_n for_o so_o pernicious_a 〈◊〉_d mischief_n 1._o nor_o can_v a_o husband_n so_o alienate_v the_o inheritance_n or_o jointure_n of_o his_o wife_n but_o thaâ—_n it_o may_v be_v recover_v by_o she_o or_o her_o heir_n after_o his_o decease_n d._n decease_n glan_n l._n 6._o c_o 3_o brit._n c._n 34._o f._n n._n b._n fol._n 193._o d._n 2._o those_o who_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o capitâ—_n either_o by_o knight_n service_n or_o socage_n can_v without_o punishment_n alienate_v their_o land_n without_o licence_n 1._o licence_n id._n foe_o 175._o a_o bro._n aliâ—nat_fw-la &_o tenor_n 69._o 32_o h._n 8._o c._n 1._o yet_o some_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o such_o alienation_n be_v good_a for_o the_o buyer_n or_o feoffee_n against_o the_o seller_n or_o feoffor_a although_o the_o king_n can_v be_v prejudice_v by_o it_o 34._o it_o bro._n testament_n 34._o 3._o a_o infant_n â—9_n infant_n f._n n._n b._n foe_n 192._o g._n perk._n 3._o grant_n 15._o â—9_n madman_n c._n madman_n f._n n._n b._n foe_n 292._o c._n monk_n 3_o monk_n perk._n ib._n 3_o or_o feme-covert_n 175._o feme-covert_n id._n ib._n c._n 11._o bro._n exec._n 175._o can_v alienate_v nor_o can_v a_o villain_n those_o thing_n which_o himself_o have_v purchase_v l._n purchase_v f._n n._n b._n 202._o l._n if_o his_o lord_n be_v possess_v of_o they_o or_o if_o they_o be_v not_o possess_v in_o case_n he_o be_v the_o king_n villain_n 12._o villain_n littl._n l._n 2._o c._n 12._o 4._o there_o be_v also_o a_o old_a law_n late_o revive_v by_o a_o act_n of_o k._n james_n which_o to_o the_o subversion_n of_o the_o church_n be_v almost_o lose_v through_o neglect_n wherein_o arch-bishop_n and_o bishop_n be_v prohibit_v to_o alienate_v the_o fee_n of_o their_o church_n 3._o church_n 1_o jac._n ses_fw-fr 1._o c._n 3._o 5._o last_o those_o who_o otherwise_o may_v alienate_v in_o some_o case_n can_v namely_o land_n or_o tenement_n to_o a_o body_n politic_a whether_o ecclesiastical_a or_o secular_a q._n secular_a 7._o e._n 1._o 18._o e._n 3._o c._n 3._o 15._o r._n 2._o c._n 5._o f._n n._n b._n fol._n 221._o q._n without_o obtain_v the_o king_n licence_n for_o alienate_v it_o in_o mortmain_n and_o on_o the_o other_o side_n religious_a college_n which_o be_v found_v by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n be_v prohibit_v to_o alienate_v their_o land_n without_o the_o king_n licence_n and_o permission_n 41._o permission_n westminst_n 2_o c._n 41._o 6._o and_o on_o the_o contrary_a it_o sometime_o happen_v that_o he_o who_o be_v not_o owner_n may_v alienate_v for_o a_o creditor_n by_o contract_n may_v alienate_v a_o pawn_n or_o mortgage_n although_o the_o thing_n be_v not_o he_o as_o if_o it_o be_v agree_v in_o the_o beginning_n that_o it_o shall_v be_v lawful_a for_o the_o creditor_n to_o sell_v the_o pawn_n if_o the_o money_n be_v not_o pay_v so_o also_o may_v a_o wife_n apprentice_n or_o any_o other_o servant_n which_o a_o merchant_n appoint_v to_o sell_v commodity_n in_o his_o office_n or_o shop_n 40._o shop_n f._n n._n b._n fol._n 120._o h._n bro._n tit_n contract_n 37._o 40._o or_o any_o other_o person_n who_o have_v command_v from_o the_o owner_n 10._o owner_n new_a book_n of_o entry_n trespass_n in_o agist_n 1._o &_o ejectm_n firm_a 10._o 7._o and_o sometime_o it_o fall_v out_o that_o he_o who_o have_v a_o full_a power_n to_o alienate_v a_o thing_n can_v do_v it_o but_o after_o a_o certain_a form_n or_o manner_n for_o the_o king_n can_v neither_o purchase_v nor_o alienate_v without_o that_o special_a method_n of_o enter_v which_o we_o call_v record_n 553._o record_n blow_n 553._o by_o what_o person_n we_o may_v make_v acquisition_n or_o gain_n to_o ourselves_o tit._n ix_o now_o we_o be_v to_o know_v by_o what_o person_n we_o may_v purchase_v or_o gain_v to_o ourselves_o and_o know_v that_o we_o may_v legal_o by_o ourselves_o our_o wife_n our_o servant_n male_a or_o female_a by_o son_n or_o daughter_n which_o be_v under_o our_o protection_n by_o freeman_n who_o serve_v we_o provide_v their_o deed_n be_v necessary_a and_o warrantable_a and_o approve_a 18._o approve_a brac._n l._n 1._o c._n 9_o n._n 3._o l._n 2_o c._n 11._o n._n 12_o etc._n etc._n 18._o n._n 6._o &_o l._n 3._o tr_fw-la 1._o c._n 2._o n._n 12._o brit_n c._n 35._o &_o 38._o lit._n l._n 2._o c._n 11._o dr._n stu._n l._n 1._o c._n 8._o &_o l._n 2._o c._n 18._o and_o also_o by_o those_o servant_n 12._o servant_n flet._n l._n 3._o c._n 13._o etc._n etc._n 15._o &_o l._n 4._o c._n 11._o etc._n etc._n 12._o who_o be_v not_o under_o our_o power_n as_o well_o as_o by_o those_o who_o be_v provide_v they_o be_v not_o under_o another_o yet_o so_o as_o we_o take_v no_o benefit_n by_o they_o before_o it_o be_v determine_v who_o they_o be_v so_o also_o by_o a_o common_a servant_n and_o that_o as_o well_o by_o another_o as_o one_o own_o which_o we_o do_v bona_fw-la fide_fw-la possess_v and_o by_o such_o a_o one_o of_o who_o we_o have_v a_o use_n 1._o and_o this_o may_v be_v do_v also_o by_o procurator_n tutor_n keeper_n or_o guardian_n who_o either_o bargain_n in_o our_o name_n or_o be_v in_o possession_n 15._o possession_n brac._n l._n 2._o c._n 18._o n._n 6._o flet._n l._n 3._o c._n 4._o etc._n etc._n 15._o and_o the_o same_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v of_o those_o who_o be_v natural_o deaf_a and_o dumb_a ib._n dumb_a id._n ib._n 2._o the_o son_n and_o daughter_n also_o of_o villain_n which_o be_v under_o the_o power_n of_o their_o lord_n without_o manumission_n if_o they_o make_v a_o purchase_n without_o the_o bound_n of_o the_o villainage_n have_v no_o heir_n but_o their_o lord_n if_o so_o be_v that_o he_o take_v possession_n of_o such_o tenement_n either_o in_o the_o life_n of_o his_o villain_n after_o his_o death_n 1._o death_n brac._n l._n 4._o â—r_n 3._o c._n 13._o n._n 1._o of_o ordain_v last_a will_n and_o testament_n tit._n x._o the_o three_o kind_n of_o donation_n which_o be_v by_o reason_n of_o death_n be_v last_o will_n and_o testament_n 57_o testament_n brac._n l._n 2._o c._n 26._o flet._n l._n 2._o c._n 57_o now_o a_o testament_n be_v the_o determination_n of_o our_o will_n concern_v that_o which_o one_o will_v have_v do_v after_o his_o decease_n testament_n decease_n l._n 1._o de_fw-fr â—_o testament_n and_o it_o be_v double_a viz._n proper_a or_o improper_a that_o which_o be_v proper_o so_o call_v be_v that_o last_o decree_n of_o a_o man_n in_o which_o he_o name_v his_o executor_n 20._o executor_n brc._n test_n 20._o and_o he_o be_v in_o the_o place_n of_o he_o who_o the_o roman_n call_v haeres_fw-la &_o be_v as_o the_o basis_n of_o the_o testament_n 19_o testament_n swim_v par_fw-fr foe_fw-mi 1._o sect._n 3._o n_o 19_o represent_v the_o state_n of_o the_o testator_n that_o which_o be_v improper_o call_v a_o testament_n be_v any_o other_o lasâ—_n will_v whether_o a_o codicel_n or_o donation_n by_o occasion_n of_o death_n or_o letter_n 11._o letter_n valiâ—ius_n in_o come_v sup_v instit_fw-la do_fw-mi de_fw-fr testam_fw-la ord_n in_o pri_fw-la n._n 9_o 10_o 11._o and_o either_o of_o these_o may_v be_v twofold_a viz._n either_o write_v or_o nuncupative_a 476._o nuncupative_a perk._n testam_fw-la 476._o but_o land_n can_v be_v give_v by_o a_o nuncupative_n will_n 55._o will_n 32._o h._n 8._o c._n 1._o coo._n l._n 3._o baker_n case_n foe_z 31._o dier_n fol._n 53._o n._n 13._o &_o fol._n 72._o n._n 2._o &_o fol._n 143._o n._n 54_o 55._o 1._o that_o rigorous_a way_n of_o solemnity_n which_o the_o roman_n use_v in_o make_v of_o will_n be_v long_o since_o abrogate_a by_o the_o canon_n law_n which_o count_v two_o witness_n before_o the_o parish_n priest_n sufficient_a to_o maintain_v or_o prove_v a_o will._n testamentis_fw-la will._n c._n cum_fw-la esses_fw-la 10._o extra_fw-la testamentis_fw-la nor_o do_v the_o custom_n of_o england_n oblige_v so_o much_o as_o the_o decretal_a for_o with_o we_o it_o be_v sufficient_a to_o pronounce_v a_o will_n before_o two_o freeman_n whether_o clergy_n or_o lay_v 13._o lay_v brac._n l._n 1._o c._n 16._o n._n 2._o glan_n l._n 7._o c._n 6._o dier_n foe_n 52._o n._n 13._o yet_o our_o sage_n do_v for_o very_o good_a reason_n persuade_v man_n
upon_o their_o denial_n then_o of_o any_o two_o honest_a man_n who_o be_v oblige_v to_o take_v true_a and_o faithful_a inventory_n of_o all_o the_o good_n and_o chattel_n movable_n &_o immovables_n which_o the_o party_n decease_v have_v at_o the_o time_n of_o his_o death_n and_o to_o write_v all_o and_o singular_a the_o say_a good_n just_o apprize_v in_o 2._o charter_n or_o table_n indent_v the_o one_o to_o be_v reserve_v to_o themselves_o the_o other_o to_o be_v deliver_v to_o the_o ordinary_a but_o if_o the_o testator_n have_v appoint_v any_o of_o his_o land_n or_o tenement_n to_o be_v sell_v the_o money_n or_o profit_n thence_o arise_v be_v not_o to_o be_v put_v into_o the_o inventory_n 9_o inventory_n 21._o h._n 8._o c._n 5._o swinb_n part_n 6._o sect._n 9_o 2._o but_o the_o heir_n be_v oblige_v to_o satisfy_v the_o debt_n of_o their_o ancestor_n which_o the_o chattel_n will_v not_o suffice_v to_o do_v sup_n do_v glan_n &_o brac._n ubi_fw-la sup_n yet_o if_o the_o whole_a estate_n of_o the_o testator_n will_v not_o suffice_v to_o pay_v debt_n then_o the_o king_n prerogative_n except_v there_o use_v in_o former_a time_n to_o be_v a_o defalcation_n every_o where_n ib._n where_n brac._n ib._n 3._o and_o even_o at_o this_o instant_n the_o law_n be_v that_o legacy_n be_v not_o to_o be_v pay_v before_o debt_n be_v satisfy_v for_o in_o such_o case_n the_o executor_n be_v bind_v to_o pay_v the_o creditor_n out_o of_o his_o own_o estate_n 488._o estate_n dr._n &_o stu._n l._n 2._o c._n 11._o bro._n execut._n 116._o perk._n 488._o yet_o be_v he_o not_o tie_v to_o pay_v every_o one_o that_o demand_v a_o debt_n but_o those_o only_o against_o who_o the_o testator_n have_v he_o live_v can_v not_o have_v wage_v his_o law_n 55._o law_n bro._n ib._n 79._o 87._o 127._o 163._o 172._o dr._n &_o stu_fw-la l._n 2._o c._n 11._o plo._n 181._o dyer_n fol._n 23._o n._n 144_o 145_o &_o fol._n 80._o n._n 53_o 54_o 55._o 4._o the_o ancient_a law_n seem_v to_o be_v somewhat_o change_v as_o to_o the_o privilege_n of_o creditor_n yet_o even_o now_o it_o seem_v that_o the_o executor_n may_v in_o the_o first_o place_n allow_v moderate_a funeral_n charge_n and_o then_o satisfy_v creditor_n according_a as_o the_o law_n prescribe_v and_o of_o those_o the_o king_n be_v first_o by_o his_o prerogative_n 18._o prerogative_n mag._n char._n c._n 18._o next_o he_o those_o to_o who_o the_o testator_n be_v oblige_v by_o statute-merchant_n or_o recognisance_n in_o the_o three_o place_n those_o who_o have_v judgement_n against_o the_o testator_n 16._o testator_n swinb_n part_n 6._o sect._n 16._o four_o penal_a obligation_n 172._o obligation_n bro._n ib._n n._n 88_o 172._o and_o of_o these_o those_o have_v priority_n who_o day_n for_o payment_n be_v lapse_v 54._o lapse_v dyer_n foe_n 80._o n._n 54._o and_o of_o those_o if_o there_o be_v many_o they_o who_o sue_v first_o but_o if_o they_o commence_v their_o suit_n together_o or_o that_o day_n of_o payment_n be_v not_o yet_o come_v than_o it_o be_v in_o the_o power_n of_o the_o executor_n to_o gratify_v who_o he_o please_v next_o to_o penal_a obligation_n follow_v simple_a bill_n super_fw-la bill_n swinb_n ubi_fw-la super_fw-la as_o we_o call_v they_o and_o last_o contract_v without_o writing_n against_o which_o the_o testator_n can_v not_o wage_v his_o law_n as_o servant_n salary_n and_o rent_n of_o land_n or_o house_n whereof_o the_o testator_n be_v lessee_n for_o year_n or_o life_n and_o the_o like_a 163._o like_a bro_n ib._n n._n 33._o 87._o 127._o 163._o but_o as_o for_o make_v contract_n executor_n be_v not_o oblige_v to_o pay_v they_o ib._n they_o id._n ib._n yet_o according_a to_o the_o opinion_n of_o some_o these_o have_v their_o remedy_n in_o a_o action_n upon_o the_o case_n upon_o a_o promise_n of_o the_o testator_n execut._n testator_n term_n v._o execut._n 5._o if_o a_o creditor_n be_v make_v executor_n he_o may_v in_o the_o first_o place_n satisfy_v himself_o after_o which_o he_o be_v bind_v to_o pay_v the_o other_o creditor_n out_o of_o the_o residue_n 185._o residue_n blow_n fol._n 185._o 6._o if_o after_o debt_n pay_v there_o remain_v enough_o to_o satisfy_v legacy_n every_o legatee_n may_v of_o right_a claim_n his_o whole_a legacy_n otherwise_o only_o according_a to_o the_o proportion_n of_o the_o estate_n and_o the_o quantity_n of_o all_o the_o legacy_n yet_o so_o that_o the_o executor_n may_v first_o deduct_v charge_n bonafide_fw-la expend_v and_o desperate_a debt_n but_o under_o the_o notion_n of_o lex_fw-la falcidia_fw-la we_o have_v not_o any_o thing_n nor_o be_v there_o any_o thing_n in_o that_o nature_n require_v from_o the_o office_n of_o a_o judge_n but_o as_o to_o those_o good_n which_o be_v not_o devise_v they_o be_v convertible_a to_o the_o use_n of_o the_o executor_n 525._o executor_n perk._n 525._o 7._o executor_n of_o executor_n be_v oblige_v to_o the_o payment_n of_o the_o first_o testator_n debt_n unless_o his_o good_n appear_v to_o be_v full_o administer_v by_o their_o testator_n 5._o testator_n dyer_n foe_n 174._o n._n 21_o &_o 22._o 25._o ed._n 3._o stat._n 5._o c._n 5._o of_o those_o trustee_n which_o the_o romanâ—_n call_v fidei_fw-la commissarii_fw-la haeredes_fw-la &_o ad_fw-la sanatusconsultum_fw-la trebellianum_fw-la tit._n xxiii_o these_o inheritance_n be_v out_o of_o use_n with_o we_o yet_o those_o trust_n be_v something_o parallel_v to_o they_o by_o which_o we_o be_v use_v to_o give_v our_o land_n to_o stranger_n to_o the_o use_n of_o we_o and_o our_o heir_n or_o to_o private_a person_n to_o the_o use_n and_o profit_n of_o a_o body_n politic_a but_o those_o invention_n of_o uses_n be_v injurious_a to_o the_o prince_n and_o to_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o manor_n 123._o manor_n coo._n l._n 1._o shudleys_n case_n fol._n 123._o be_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n either_o whole_o take_v away_o or_o at_o least_o for_o the_o most_o part_n alter_v 10._o alter_v 1._o r._n 3._o c._n 1._o 4_o h._n 7._o c._n 7._o 27._o h._n 8._o c._n 10._o of_o thing_n leave_v per_fw-la fidei_fw-la commissum_fw-la tit._n xxiv_o of_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v by_o the_o roman_n term_v fidei_fw-la commissa_fw-la except_v those_o which_o be_v appoint_v to_o the_o next_o title_n we_o have_v no_o mention_n in_o our_o law_n they_o be_v leave_v whole_o to_o the_o civil_a law_n definition_n of_o codicill_n tit._n xxv_o the_o term_n codicillus_fw-la be_v seldom_o use_v with_o we_o wherefore_o in_o this_o we_o only_o follow_v that_o which_o we_o borrow_v from_o the_o civil_a and_o common_a law_n unless_o it_o contain_v either_o a_o fee_n or_o a_o freehold_n in_o which_o case_n they_o be_v to_o be_v prove_v only_o before_o a_o ecclesiastical_a judge_n and_o to_o receive_v their_o interpretation_n according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n the_o end_n of_o the_o second_o book_n the_o three_o book_n of_o the_o institutes_n of_o the_o law_n of_o england_n of_o inheritance_n which_o be_v convey_v from_o such_o as_o die_v even_o intestate_a tit._n i._n there_o be_v also_o another_o way_n of_o gain_v dominion_n which_o be_v by_o succession_n and_o which_o happen_v to_o all_o heir_n of_o such_o thing_n whereof_o their_o ancestor_n dye_v seize_v in_o fee_n or_o whereof_o they_o be_v at_o any_o time_n seize_v as_o of_o fee_n by_o right_o of_o inheritance_n without_o have_v alienate_v they_o and_o this_o descent_n ought_v to_o be_v to_o the_o next_o heir_n male_n or_o female_n in_o a_o direct_a or_o transverse_a line_n wherefore_o right_o like_o all_o heavy_a thing_n fall_v downward_o direct_o or_o transverse_o nor_o do_v it_o ever_o ascend_v 〈◊〉_d same_o way_n by_o which_o by_o the_o death_n of_o the_o ancestor_n it_o descend_v yet_o do_v it_o collateral_o ascend_v sometime_o for_o want_v of_o heir_n to_o who_o 〈◊〉_d may_v descend_v 2._o descend_v glan_n l._n 7._o c._n 1._o brac._n l._n 2._o c._n 29._o n._n 1._o dr._n and_o stu._n l._n 1._o c._n 7._o flet._n l._n 6._o c._n 1._o and_o c._n 2._o 1._o a_o right_n descend_v to_o the_o heir_n wheresoever_o bear_v whether_o in_o the_o womb_n or_o beyond_o 〈◊〉_d on_o this_o side_n the_o sea_n and_o that_o whether_o within_o or_o without_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o king_n provide_v his_o parent_n be_v the_o king_n liege_n people_n and_o that_o the_o mother_n go_v over_o sea_n with_o her_o husband_n leave_n nor_o can_v any_o man_n create_v to_o himself_o a_o heir_n because_o god_n only_o make_v they_o and_o because_o haeres_fw-la be_v not_o ab_fw-la haereditate_fw-la but_o haereditas_fw-la ab_fw-la herede_fw-la 2._o now_o inheritance_n be_v a_o succession_n to_o the_o whole_a right_n which_o the_o ancestor_n decease_v have_v in_o fee_n upon_o what_o cause_n soever_o whether_o by_o acquisition_n or_o succession_n with_o seisin_n or_o without_o and_o if_o by_o seisin_n then_o at_o whatsoever_o he_o be_v
kitchen_n tit_n escheat_n f._n 110._o of_o the_o tertullian_n decree_n tit._n 3._o we_o in_o the_o case_n of_o fee_n follow_v the_o rigour_n of_o the_o twelve_o table_n which_o will_v by_o no_o mean_n suffer_v a_o ascend_n from_o child_n to_o parent_n 1._o parent_n bract._n l._n 2._o c._n 29._o n._n 1._o wherefore_o if_o this_o seem_v harsh_a to_o any_o one_o we_o shall_v wish_v he_o a_o tertuilian_n or_o claudius_n to_o persuade_v our_o senate_n to_o the_o contrary_n of_o the_o orphitian_n decree_n tit._n iu._n child_n with_o we_o do_v equal_o succeed_v to_o inheritance_n come_v from_o the_o father_n or_o mother_n side_n and_o that_o by_o the_o same_o rule_n and_o in_o the_o same_o degree_n 9_o degree_n flet._n l._n 6._o c._n 9_o wherefore_o we_o have_v no_o need_n here_o of_o a_o orphitius_n of_o the_o succession_n of_o cousin_n by_o the_o mother_n side_n tit._n v._n the_o roman_n call_v those_o particular_o cognati_fw-la which_o be_v ally_v by_o the_o female_a side_n affinitatis_fw-la side_n ult._n s._n 1._o â—_o de_fw-fr gradibus_fw-la affinitatis_fw-la but_o there_o remain_v nothing_o to_o be_v speak_v of_o they_o the_o two_o former_a title_n be_v consider_v book_n consider_v viz._n the_o first_o and_o second_o of_o this_o book_n where_o we_o have_v show_v that_o these_o be_v never_o to_o succeed_v as_o heir_n but_o for_o default_n of_o heir_n on_o the_o father_n side_n which_o be_v so_o to_o be_v understand_v that_o the_o most_o remote_a cousin_n on_o the_o father_n side_n descend_v in_o a_o direct_a line_n but_o not_o in_o a_o collateral_a be_v to_o be_v prefer_v before_o the_o near_a on_o the_o mother_n side_n for_o the_o great_a great_a grandchild_n of_o my_o â—â—neall_a niece_n or_o of_o my_o sister_n shall_v succeed_v 〈◊〉_d before_o my_o son_n or_o daughter_n cousin-german_a 31._o cousin-german_a bract._n l._n 2._o c._n 30._o and_o 31._o 1._o this_o brief_o i_o think_v also_o to_o insert_v that_o 〈◊〉_d default_n of_o heir_n in_o a_o right_a line_n descend_v 〈◊〉_d in_o each_o collateral_a line_n the_o land_n shall_v escheat_n to_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o fee_n 143._o fee_n glan_n l._n 7._o c._n 17._o bract._n l._n 2._o c._n 29._o n._n 1._o lit._n l._n 1._o c._n 1._o f._n n._n b._n 143._o of_o the_o degree_n of_o consanguinity_n tit._n vi_o have_v mention_v degree_n it_o be_v requisite_a to_o take_v a_o view_n of_o the_o person_n who_o be_v â—n_a possibility_n of_o succession_n and_o who_o be_v prefer_v before_o other_o in_o succession_n from_o the_o first_o degree_n of_o the_o same_o line_n to_o the_o last_o 2._o last_o bract._n l._n 2._o c._n 31._o n._n 2._o 1._o in_o the_o right_a line_n ascend_v be_v these_o grandfather_n great_a grandfather_n the_o great_a grandfather_n father_n the_o great_a grandfather_n grandfather_n the_o great_a grandfather_n great_a grandfather_n and_o so_o ad_fw-la infinitum_fw-la 2._o infinitum_fw-la id._n ib._n flet._n l._n 6._o c._n 2._o 2._o in_o the_o right_a line_n descend_v father_n and_o mother_n be_v first_o which_o make_v the_o common_a root_n than_o son_n and_o daughter_n the_o nephew_n and_o niece_n and_o so_o ad_fw-la infinitum_fw-la ib._n infinitum_fw-la brac._n and_o flet._n ib._n 3._o in_o the_o collateral_a line_n ascend_v brother_n or_o sister_n of_o father_n or_o mother_n make_v the_o second_o degree_n and_o so_o their_o heir_n ad_fw-la infinitum_fw-la ib._n infinitum_fw-la id._n ib._n 4._o in_o the_o collateral_a line_n descend_v be_v brother_n and_o sister_n and_o their_o heir_n ad_fw-la infinitum_fw-la ib._n infinitum_fw-la id._n ib._n of_o the_o consanguinity_n of_o those_o who_o be_v servile_a tit._n vii_o this_o title_n be_v with_o the_o ancient_a civilian_n reckon_v as_o part_n of_o the_o former_a title_n former_a wesenb_n in_o the_o same_o title_n noâ—_n do_v our_o law_n determine_v any_o thing_n in_o the_o case_n of_o such_o as_o be_v manumit_v contrary_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o those_o who_o be_v bear_v free_a there_o marriage_n be_v a_o like_a lawful_a of_o the_o succession_n of_o such_o as_o be_v make_v free_a tit._n viii_o have_v be_v not_o with_o we_o admit_v to_o succeed_v those_o who_o be_v make_v free_a in_o case_n they_o die_v without_o issue_n wherefore_o if_o any_o one_o purchase_n a_o fee_n after_o manumission_n and_o die_v without_o heir_n the_o lord_n of_o the_o fee_n shall_v claim_v it_o by_o escheat_n and_o not_o he_o who_o give_v the_o party_n decease_v his_o freedom_n etc._n freedom_n f._n n._n b_o fol._n 143._o t._n etc._n etc._n the_o same_o rule_n be_v also_o for_o the_o chattel_n of_o such_o die_a intestate_a as_o for_o those_o who_o be_v bear_v free_a of_o the_o assignation_n of_o such_o as_o be_v make_v free_a tit._n ix_o there_o be_v no_o difference_n with_o we_o between_o those_o who_o be_v manumit_v and_o those_o who_o be_v bear_v free_a save_v that_o they_o some_o time_n be_v servant_n wherefore_o we_o have_v no_o use_n of_o this_o kind_n of_o assignation_n in_o our_o common-weath_a of_o the_o possession_n of_o good_n tit._n x._o the_o supreme_a power_n with_o we_o give_v the_o possession_n of_o a_o fee_n to_o the_o heir_n of_o they_o who_o hold_v the_o fee_n of_o he_o by_o any_o kind_n of_o service_n in_o capite_fw-la for_o he_o by_o his_o prerogative_n have_v the_o primer_n seisin_n of_o land_n c._n land_n stan._n prerog_n c._n 3._o and_o 13._o f._n n._n b._n foe_n 255._o and._n 256._o c._n nor_o can_v the_o heir_n receive_v they_o but_o by_o his_o hand_n those_o who_o hold_v of_o other_o lord_n by_o knight_n service_n much_o more_o tenant_n in_o socage_n so_o soon_o as_o they_o come_v of_o age_n enter_v upon_o their_o estate_n by_o right_a and_o in_o case_n their_o lord_n hinder_v they_o may_v have_v their_o action_n have_v satisfy_v the_o value_n of_o their_o marriage_n b_o 1._o but_o for_o those_o good_n which_o we_o call_v chattel_n the_o ecclesiastical_a judge_n who_o be_v in_o stead_n of_o the_o ordinary_a give_v possession_n of_o they_o according_a to_o the_o will_n or_o at_o least_o confirm_v the_o possession_n be_v take_v to_o the_o executor_n of_o the_o party_n decease_v but_o if_o there_o be_v no_o will_n than_o he_o grant_v administration_n to_o the_o widow_n or_o next_o kinsman_n of_o the_o party_n decease_v yet_o so_o that_o the_o good_n shall_v be_v distribute_v according_a to_o his_o judgement_n either_o among_o 11._o among_o 31_o ed._n 3._o c._n 11._o they_o or_o for_o pious_a use_n provin_fw-fr use_n linw._n provin_fw-fr of_o acquire_v by_o adrogation_n or_o adoption_n tit._n xi_o there_o be_v nothing_o hinder_v but_o that_o the_o english_a may_v adrogate_v or_o adopt_v and_o be_v adopt_v but_o in_o this_o case_n the_o consent_n of_o both_o party_n be_v sole_o essential_a for_o our_o law_n determine_v nothing_o of_o this_o kind_n of_o acquisition_n unless_o that_o which_o natural_o fall_v out_o between_o party_n and_o party_n in_o contract_n of_o he_o to_o who_o good_n be_v grant_v for_o liberty_n tit._n xii_o as_o for_o those_o servant_n who_o receive_v their_o freedom_n from_o their_o lord_n by_o testament_n the_o chief_n thing_n be_v the_o performance_n of_o the_o will_n for_o it_o be_v not_o material_a whether_o the_o executor_n will_v accept_v the_o office_n for_o we_o have_v show_v before_o how_o ungrateful_a that_o old_a solemnity_n of_o the_o roman_n in_o case_n of_o will_n be_v to_o we_o of_o succession_n which_o be_v among_o the_o roman_n by_o the_o sale_n of_o good_n according_a to_o the_o claudian_a decree_n tit._n xiii_o we_o have_v not_o this_o kind_n of_o acquisition_n among_o we_o yet_o have_v we_o something_o like_a unto_o it_o for_o the_o fee_n and_o all_o other_o the_o good_n of_o bankrupt_n who_o have_v consume_v their_o fortune_n withdraw_v themselves_o that_o their_o creditor_n may_v not_o arrest_v they_o wheresoever_o they_o be_v find_v be_v divide_v towards_o the_o satisfaction_n of_o creditor_n by_o such_o honourable_a person_n who_o the_o statute_n in_o this_o case_n mention_n 7._o mention_n 34_o h._n 8._o c._n 4_o 13_o eliz._n c._n 7._o but_o above_o all_o that_o most_o famous_a act_n in_o king_n james_n his_o time_n do_v most_o careful_o provide_v in_o these_o case_n 15._o case_n 1_o jacob._n sesse_n 1._o c._n 15._o of_o obligation_n tit._n xiiii_o we_o have_v before_o treat_v of_o person_n and_o thing_n and_o be_v now_o to_o speak_v of_o action_n 1._o action_n brac._n l._n 3._o tr_fw-la 1._o c._n 1._o now_o a_o action_n come_v from_o precedent_a obligation_n as_o a_o child_n from_o a_o mother_n 2._o mother_n id._n ib._n n._n 2._o a_o obligation_n be_v a_o legal_a bond_n or_o tie_n whereby_o we_o be_v necessary_o bind_v to_o the_o give_v or_o do_v of_o any_o thing_n n._n thing_n id_fw-la ib._n c._n 2._o n._n all_o civil_a obligation_n may_v be_v divide_v into_o two_o kind_n obligation_n by_o the_o common_a law_n and_o by_o
lit._n l._n 3._o c._n 4._o unless_o the_o donee_n be_v a_o body_n politic_a and_o receive_v under_o that_o notion_n or_o at_o least_o one_o of_o they_o in_o which_o case_n they_o be_v tenant_n in_o common_a ibid._n common_a id._n ibid._n 3._o partner_n and_o joint-tenant_n differ_v two_o way_n the_o former_a be_v join_v by_o necessity_n and_o be_v call_v partner_n mere_o in_o respect_n of_o their_o inheritance_n joint-tenant_n have_v their_o name_n either_o from_o purchase_n or_o gift_n and_o be_v join_v together_o by_o their_o own_o will_n and_o not_o by_o necessity_n quotation_n necessity_n see_v the_o former_a quotation_n 4._o thereare_v also_o some_o who_o be_v joint-tenant_n only_o for_o life_n and_o yet_o have_v several_a inheritance_n as_o where_o land_n be_v give_v to_o two_o man_n or_o two_o woman_n and_o to_o the_o heir_n of_o their_o body_n in_o this_o cafe_z so_o long_o as_o they_o live_v they_o be_v call_v joint-tenant_n for_o one_o of_o they_o have_v issue_n and_o die_v his_o fellow_n shall_v have_v the_o whole_a during_o his_o life_n who_o also_o if_o he_o shall_v leave_v issue_n and_o die_v his_o heir_n with_o the_o heir_n of_o he_o that_o die_v before_o shall_v hold_v the_o say_a land_n in_o common_a 15._o common_a iâ—st_n c._n 15._o and_o if_o one_o of_o the_o donee_n die_v without_o heir_n his_o part_n for_o defect_n of_o a_o heir_n shall_v after_o the_o death_n of_o his_o fellow_n revert_v to_o the_o donor_n 3._o donor_n littl._n l._n 3._o c._n 3._o 5._o tenant_n in_o common_a be_v they_o who_o hold_v the_o same_o thing_n as_o land_n or_o tenement_n chattel_n personal_a or_o real_a joint_o but_o by_o several_a title_n 4._o title_n id._n ibid._n c._n 4._o for_o if_o one_o parcener_n alienate_v or_o give_v his_o right_n to_o a_o stranger_n the_o stranger_n and_o the_o rest_n be_v tenant_n in_o common_a though_o the_o rest_n among_o themselves_o enjoy_v their_o former_a appellation_n 6._o wherefore_o tenant_n in_o common_a differ_v from_o partner_n in_o this_o that_o these_o do_v not_o possess_v any_o thing_n in_o common_a by_o right_n of_o inheritance_n as_o do_v the_o other_o nor_o be_v they_o join_v by_o any_o necessity_n and_o from_o joint-tenant_n in_o that_o they_o hold_v a_o thing_n in_o common_a by_o divers_a title_n or_o at_o least_o the_o tenant_n be_v natural_o so_o unequal_a that_o they_o can_v admit_v of_o any_o conjunction_n such_o be_v body_n politic_a among_o themselves_o or_o with_o single_a person_n ibid._n person_n id._n ibid._n 7._o first_o for_o partner_n these_o though_o they_o die_v before_o partition_n transmit_v and_o leave_v their_o part_n to_o their_o child_n if_o they_o have_v any_o otherwise_o to_o the_o rest_n of_o their_o fellow_n 14._o fellow_n id._n ibid._n c._n 2._o inst_z c._n 14._o 8._o partition_n may_v be_v make_v either_o by_o mutual_a consent_n 179._o consent_n dier_n foe_n 179._o or_o if_o some_o refuse_v by_o the_o power_n of_o the_o judge_n for_o he_o who_o desire_v to_o have_v his_o part_n divide_v may_v have_v a_o writ_n of_o partition_n by_o which_o he_o shall_v compel_v the_o rest_n to_o divide_v c._n divide_v f._n n._n b._n 61._o k._n &_o 259._o c._n 260._o b_o 261._o c._n but_o if_o one_o woman_n partner_n entermarry_v and_o have_v issue_n die_v the_o husband_n be_v tenant_n by_o the_o courtesy_n may_v compel_v they_o to_o a_o partition_n if_o it_o be_v not_o already_o make_v 2._o make_v littl._n l._n 3._o c._n 2._o 9_o littleton_n do_v very_o full_o describe_v the_o manner_n of_o make_v partition_n both_o by_o consent_n and_o compulsion_n but_o this_o be_v rather_o matter_n of_o fact_n then_o of_o law_n that_o only_o be_v observable_a that_o if_o partition_n be_v make_v by_o consent_n one_o or_o more_o of_o the_o partner_n be_v under_o age_n it_o may_v afterward_o be_v correct_v wheâ—_n they_o come_v to_o full_a age_n provide_v they_o do_v not_o confirm_v it_o when_o they_o come_v of_o age_n by_o receive_v the_o profit_n ib._n profit_n id_fw-la ib._n and_o if_o it_o be_v a_o fee-tail_n although_o all_o be_v at_o age_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o partition_n make_v yet_o their_o heir_n may_v disagree_v to_o 〈◊〉_d ib._n 〈◊〉_d id_fw-la ib._n so_o also_o if_o a_o unequal_a partition_n be_v make_v by_o the_o husband_n of_o coheir_n after_o marrimony_n be_v dissolve_v either_o of_o they_o may_v disagree_v e._n disagree_v id._n ib._n f._n n._n b._n 62_o e._n 10._o if_o after_o partition_n any_o part_n of_o either_o oâ—_n the_o partner_n estate_n lie_v evict_v by_o law_n he_o or_o she_o who_o part_n it_o be_v may_v compel_v the_o rest_n to_o a_o new_a partition_n and_o recover_v a_o lawful_a part_n in_o those_o land_n which_o the_o rest_n hold_v 2._o hold_v little_a ib._n c._n 2._o 11._o if_o there_o be_v a_o advowson_n in_o the_o inheritance_n and_o the_o partner_n will_v not_o consent_v in_o the_o presentation_n of_o a_o clerk_n than_o the_o elder_a shall_v present_v in_o the_o first_o vacancy_n and_o the_o rest_n according_a to_o their_o case_n and_o to_o this_o they_o may_v be_v compel_v if_o they_o refuse_v to_o agree_v and_o every_o one_o have_v therr_n lawful_a remedy_n if_o they_o be_v hinder_v from_o present_v in_o their_o turn_n c._n turn_n f._n n._n b._n 34_o t_n and_o 36_o c._n 12._o if_o there_o be_v two_o joint-tenant_n of_o a_o fee_n simple_a withi_o a_o burrow_n where_o land_n and_o tenemenr_n be_v divisible_a by_o will_n and_o one_o of_o they_o devise_v his_o right_n to_o a_o stranger_n and_o die_v this_o devise_n be_v void_a and_o the_o reason_n be_v because_o that_o part_n which_o by_o the_o law_n at_o his_o death_n come_v unto_o the_o other_o by_o the_o right_n of_o â—â—crease_n and_o out_o of_o descent_n can_v any_o way_n 〈◊〉_d convey_v to_o another_o by_o a_o will_v which_o â—â—es_v not_o its_o operation_n till_o the_o death_n 〈◊〉_d the_o testator_n from_o he_o that_o claim_v the_o â—â—ole_n 3_o â—â—ole_n littl_n l_o 3_o c_o 3_o 13._o two_o take_v a_o lease_n joint_o for_o year_n â—â—th_v this_o condition_n agree_v to_o between_o the_o â—â—ssor_n and_o they_o that_o if_o the_o lessee_n die_v beâ—â—â—e_v the_o term_n end_v the_o lease_n shall_v be_v â—â—id_v the_o lessee_n make_v division_n and_o one_o 〈◊〉_d they_o alienate_v his_o part_n and_z dies_z the_o 〈◊〉_d lessor_n can_v reassume_v the_o part_n of_o he_o â—â—at_v die_v but_o the_o alience_n shall_v hold_v it_o duâ—ing_v the_o life_n of_o he_o that_o survive_v nor_o have_v occupation_n in_o this_o case_n any_o force_n but_o it_o two_o â—â—ke_v a_o lease_n for_o theit_n live_v and_o make_v parâ—â—tion_n either_o of_o they_o die_v his_o part_n immediate_o revert_v to_o the_o lessor_n 18_o lessor_n dier_n foe_n 67._o c_o 18_o 14._o two_o be_v joint-tenant_n for_o life_n one_o of_o which_o let_v out_o his_o part_n by_o indenture_n to_o a_o three_o person_n for_o year_n reserve_v a_o rent_n from_o it_o to_o he_o and_o his_o heir_n and_o die_v the_o question_n be_v whether_o by_o his_o death_n the_o ritle_n do_v whole_o vanish_v or_o whether_o the_o survive_a joint-tenant_n ought_v to_o hold_v the_o whole_a for_o his_o life_n &_o if_o he_o ought_v then_o whether_o he_o be_v leave_v to_o his_o own_o libertty_n notwitstand_v the_o lease_n of_o his_o fellow_n or_o to_o take_v only_o the_o rent_n reserve_v upon_o that_o moiety_n and_o it_o be_v adjudge_v by_o the_o justice_n that_o the_o survivor_n ought_v to_o hold_v the_o whole_a land_n for_o life_n and_o that_o free_a and_o disoblige_v from_o the_o other_o lease_n 5_o lease_n id_fw-la foe_o 178_o n_o 5_o 15._o and_o this_o be_v the_o difference_n between_o joint-tenant_n in_o fee_n and_o partner_n that_o neither_o of_o the_o donee_n can_v charge_v his_o land_n whiâ—â—_n he_o hold_v pro_fw-la indiviso_fw-la with_o any_o rend_a longâ—â—_n then_o for_o life_n but_o a_o partner_n may_v and_o the_o râ—â—son_n be_v it_o can_v prejudice_n his_o fellow_n or_o 〈◊〉_d heir_n who_o derive_v his_o right_a not_o from_o hiâ—_n but_o from_o the_o donor_n but_o partner_n succee_v one_o the_o other_o for_o defect_n of_o heir_n may_v froâ—_n one_o anotherr_n derive_v their_o right_n 3._o right_n littl._n ib._n c._n 3._o 16._o which_o notwitstand_v in_o let_v 〈◊〉_d clear_o otherwise_o for_o if_o one_o of_o the_o doneeâ—_n who_o hold_v pro_fw-la indiviso_fw-la to_o he_o and_o his_o heiâ—â—_n let_v out_o his_o right_n for_o a_o complete_a term_n 〈◊〉_d die_v the_o lessee_n after_o his_o death_n may_v retain_v 〈◊〉_d during_o the_o term_n nay_o he_o may_v enter_v into_o tâ—â—_n land_n although_o they_o be_v not_o deliver_v unto_o he_o in_o the_o lessor_n life_n time_n or_o anâ—_n way_n possess_v by_o he_o ib._n he_o id._n ib._n and_o the_o reason_n 〈◊〉_d diversity_n between_o a_o rend_a charge_n and_o a_o lease_n be_v judicious_o give_v by_o littleton_n ib._n
156._o they_o id._n 156._o some_o prohibit_v and_o keep_v within_o compass_v those_o judge_n who_o stretch_v their_o jurisdiction_n too_o far_o 39_o far_o id._n 39_o some_o remove_v cause_n from_o one_o place_n to_o another_o 69._o another_o id._n 70._o 69._o last_o some_o inform_v and_o commence_v process_n origin_n process_n regist_n origin_n and_o other_o prosecute_v and_o bring_v to_o a_o end_n those_o which_o be_v begin_v judiciale_a begin_v reg._n judiciale_a now_o those_o which_o begin_v process_n be_v call_v original_a writ_n and_o those_o which_o promote_v and_o end_v process_n begin_v judicial_a brev._n judicial_a regist_n brev._n 1._o all_o action_n flow_v either_o from_o the_o common_a law_n or_o from_o statute_n statut._n statute_n bro._n action_n popular_a &_o sur_fw-fr le_fw-fr statut._n but_o from_o which_o soever_o they_o flow_v they_o be_v all_o either_o against_o the_o person_n or_o the_o estate_n or_o both_o 234._o both_o brac._n l._n 2._o c._n 3._o n._n 234._o 2._o personal_a action_n be_v those_o which_o arise_v against_o any_o one_o from_o a_o contract_n real_a or_o impute_v or_o from_o a_o crime_n real_a and_o proper_a or_o impute_v now_o those_o writ_n which_o be_v issue_v forth_o in_o either_o case_n upon_o contract_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n these_o a_o writ_n of_o covenant_n 145._o covenant_n f._n n._n b._n foe_n 145._o of_o account_n 116._o account_n id._n 116._o of_o debt_n 119._o debt_n id._n 119._o of_o detinue_n 138._o detinue_n id._n 138._o of_o trespass_n 92._o trespass_n id._n 92._o upon_o the_o case_n in_o which_o the_o assumption_n be_v contain_v 24._o contain_v bro._n acton_n sur_fw-fr le_fw-fr case_n 24._o 3._o those_o which_o be_v issue_v out_o in_o either_o case_n as_o touch_v crime_n be_v those_o of_o trespass_n 85._o trespass_n f._n n._n b._n 85._o deceit_n 95._o deceit_n id._n 95._o break_v of_o a_o park_n 100_o park_n id._n 100_o or_o enclosure_n rescous_a 105._o rescous_a id._n 105._o attaint_n 105._o attaint_n id._n 105._o conspiracy_n 114._o conspiracy_n id._n 114._o champerty_n 171._o champerty_n id._n 171._o 4._o real_a action_n be_v those_o who_o be_v maintainable_a against_o any_o one_o not_o oblige_v to_o we_o by_o any_o right_n because_o our_o estate_n corporal_a or_o incorporal_a which_o be_v immovable_a be_v possess_v by_o he_o or_o as_o it_o be_v in_o his_o possession_n which_o he_o may_v either_o restore_v or_o name_v the_o party_n in_o who_o name_n he_o possess_v it_o as_o if_o one_o demand_n of_o any_o one_o a_o thing_n certain_a viz._n a_o fee_n land_n a_o advowson_n pretend_v once_o self_n owner_n of_o it_o and_o sue_v not_o for_o the_o value_n or_o so_o much_o in_o the_o same_o kind_n but_o the_o same_o specifical_a thing_n and_o for_o this_o that_o the_o demandant_n suppose_v the_o thing_n his_o and_o bring_v his_o action_n against_o the_o tenant_n who_o deny_v it_o the_o action_n or_o plea_n shall_v be_v against_o the_o thing_n itself_o 3._o itself_o brac._n l._n 3._o tr_fw-la 1._o c._n 3._o n._n 3._o 5._o if_o the_o thing_n sue_v for_o be_v a_o moveabe_n as_o a_o ox_n a_o ass_n a_o garment_n or_o something_o consist_v either_o in_o weight_n or_o measure_n although_o the_o action_n or_o plea_n at_o first_o seem_v to_o be_v as_o well_o against_o the_o thing_n as_o the_o person_n because_o a_o certain_a thing_n be_v sue_v for_o and_o for_o that_o he_o who_o possess_v it_o be_v bind_v to_o restitution_n yet_o in_o truth_n the_o action_n be_v against_o the_o person_n because_o the_o party_n sue_v be_v not_o precise_o bind_v to_o restore_v the_o specifical_a thing_n but_o under_o a_o disjunction_n either_o the_o thing_n or_o its_o value_n and_o he_o be_v free_v by_o pay_v the_o value_n only_o whether_o the_o thing_n be_v to_o be_v have_v or_o not_o and_o therefore_o if_o any_o one_o claim_v a_o thing_n movable_n take_v away_o upon_o any_o occasion_n or_o lend_v he_o ought_v in_o his_o action_n to_o ascertain_v a_o value_n otherwise_o it_o be_v of_o no_o force_n nor_o signify_v any_o thing_n 60._o thing_n brac._n l._n 3._o tr_fw-la 1._o c._n 4._o n._n 4._o fleta_n l._n 2._o c._n 60._o 6._o now_o of_o action_n civil_a and_o for_o a_o particular_a thing_n as_o the_o claim_n of_o a_o particular_a thing_n some_o be_v confessory_a and_o some_o negative_a confessory_a as_o where_o one_o affirm_v a_o corporal_a or_o incorporal_a thing_n to_o be_v his_o as_o a_o fee_n also_o where_o he_o affirm_v himself_o to_o have_v a_o right_n of_o go_v through_o his_o neighbour_n fee_n or_o of_o draw_v water_n even_o whether_o his_o neighbour_n will_v or_o not_o and_o it_o be_v therefore_o style_v a_o action_n for_o a_o particular_a thing_n because_o he_o require_v his_o particular_a incorporal_a thing_n viz._n his_o right_n of_o a_o way_n through_o a_o fee_n and_o confessory_a because_o it_o be_v by_o word_n of_o affirmation_n but_o a_o action_n negative_a be_v that_o which_o the_o lord_n or_o owner_n of_o a_o fee_n bring_v against_o one_o who_o be_v accustom_v to_o have_v a_o way_n through_o his_o fee_n deny_v that_o he_o have_v any_o such_o right_n and_o this_o action_n be_v say_v to_o be_v for_o a_o particular_a thing_n because_o by_o it_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o fee_n do_v by_o it_o claim_v his_o liberty_n and_o these_o kind_n of_o action_n be_v not_o for_o the_o dominion_n or_o property_n of_o a_o thing_n but_o only_o touch_v the_o right_n of_o estate_n 40._o estate_n brac._n ib._n n._n 7._o flet._n l._n 5._o c._n 37._o 38_o 39_o 40._o 7._o we_o have_v also_o something_o parallel_v to_o that_o which_o be_v ancient_o call_v actio_fw-la rescissorla_fw-it for_o if_o any_o one_o be_v dispossess_v of_o his_o estate_n be_v in_o durance_n and_o the_o land_n descend_v to_o the_o heir_n of_o the_o disseisor_n the_o disseisee_n have_v liberty_n to_o recover_v his_o possession_n by_o his_o own_o proper_a act_n or_o as_o we_o term_v it_o to_o re-enter_v and_o if_o judgement_n be_v give_v against_o he_o he_o may_v reverse_v it_o afterward_o by_o a_o writ_n of_o error_n because_o his_o absence_n be_v not_o through_o contempt_n but_o by_o reason_n of_o durance_n and_o imprisonment_n and_o therefore_o it_o seem_v contrary_a to_o reason_n that_o he_o shall_v be_v prejudice_v by_o any_o such_o record_n and_o there_o be_v the_o same_o law_n for_o those_o who_o be_v in_o the_o king_n service_n or_o who_o be_v beyond_o the_o sea_n in_o any_o business_n which_o concern_v the_o common_a wealth_n and_o be_v in_o the_o mean_a time_n disscise_v be_v unable_a to_o make_v their_o continual_a claim_n nay_o there_o be_v some_o who_o affirm_v that_o he_o who_o be_v beyond_o sea_n about_o claim_n about_o litt._n l._n 3_o c._n continual_a claim_n his_o own_o business_n if_o he_o be_v disseise_v may_v upon_o his_o return_n upon_o his_o own_o authority_n reenter_v upon_o the_o heir_n of_o the_o disseisor_n without_o bring_v his_o assize_n ibid._n assize_n id_fw-la ibid._n 8._o and_o there_o be_v something_o likewise_o which_o answer_v to_o that_o same_o actio_fw-la pauliana_fw-la and_o which_o be_v afford_v by_o a_o particular_a act_n of_o parliament_n 5._o parliament_n 13_o eliz._n c._n 5._o which_o render_v all_o manner_n of_o alienation_n of_o land_n and_o good_n make_v by_o the_o debtor_n to_o defraud_v the_o creditor_n void_a and_o of_o none_o effect_n and_o moreover_o inflict_v a_o penalty_n upon_o all_o those_o who_o be_v guilty_a of_o it_o and_o who_o defend_v it_o as_o lawful_a 9_o nor_o do_v we_o want_v that_o which_o equal_n the_o ancient_a actio_fw-la serviana_n for_o the_o lestor_n may_v of_o proper_a right_o distrain_v upon_o good_n which_o be_v bring_v upon_o his_o fee_n and_o detain_v they_o until_o his_o rent_n be_v satisfy_v because_o we_o also_o do_v tacit_o esteem_v these_o in_o the_o nature_n of_o gauge_n or_o pledge_n although_o this_o be_v not_o without_o distinction_n 99_o distinction_n bro._n distress_n 13._o 57_o 99_o to_o this_o also_o may_v be_v add_v that_o actio_fw-la hypâ—thecaria_fw-la &_o quasi_fw-la serviana_n for_o if_o any_o one_o receive_v money_n borrow_v of_o another_o under_o a_o pledge_n or_o pawn_n and_o can_v afterward_o receive_v his_o pawn_n upon_o tender_a of_o the_o money_n the_o creditor_n refuse_v to_o redeliver_v it_o the_o debtor_n may_v in_o this_o case_n have_v his_o action_n g._n action_n f._n n._n b._n 86._o g._n and_o he_o be_v say_v to_o sue_v upon_o a_o action_n quasi_fw-la serviana_n who_o be_v seize_v of_o land_n as_o by_o way_n mortgage_n be_v disseise_v or_o elect_v out_o of_o they_o 10._o now_o writ_n which_o be_v proper_a to_o real_a action_n be_v either_o to_o recover_v a_o property_n or_o a_o possession_n 1._o possession_n flet._n l._n 6._o c._n 1._o those_o which_o appertain_v to_o a_o property_n be_v writ_n of_o right_n which_o be_v of_o divers_a kind_n 193._o kind_n f._n n._n b._n 1._o 6._o 11._o
bring_v a_o personal_a action_n which_o concern_v neither_o title_n of_o land_n free_a tenement_n inheritance_n or_o battery_n in_o any_o of_o the_o court_n at_o westminster_n in_o which_o action_n the_o judge_n of_o the_o court_n shall_v value_v both_o the_o debt_n and_o damage_n to_o be_v under_o forty_o shilling_n that_o the_o cost_v of_o such_o suit_n shall_v not_o be_v assign_v great_a than_o the_o principal_a value_n and_o that_o whereas_o the_o sheriff_n and_o their_o deputy_n be_v wont_v former_o to_o cite_v and_o summon_v the_o good_a people_n of_o england_n without_o any_o warrant_n or_o writ_n to_o the_o say_a court_n or_o to_o imprison_v their_o body_n or_o distrain_v their_o good_n that_o from_o thenceforth_o they_o shall_v not_o dare_v to_o attempt_v the_o like_a and_o he_o that_o make_v default_n in_o this_o or_o cause_v another_o to_o do_v so_o shall_v be_v commit_v to_o prison_n without_o bail_n or_o mainprize_n until_o he_o have_v beside_o damage_n and_o cost_v of_o suit_n pay_v ten_o pound_n to_o the_o party_n injure_v and_o twenty_o pound_n to_o the_o exchequer_n 6_o exchequer_n 43._o eliz._n c._n 6_o 4._o nor_o shall_v a_o man_n escape_v unpunished_a for_o move_v or_o begin_v every_o suit_n rash_o for_o in_o some_o case_n if_o the_o plaintiff_n upon_o the_o defendant_n appearance_n desist_v he_o shall_v pay_v cost_v 15._o cost_v 23_o h._n 8._o c._n 15._o as_o informer_n upon_o penal_a statute_n if_o after_o the_o suit_n begin_v they_o delay_v discontinue_v or_o be_v nonsuit_n in_o the_o same_o or_o have_v the_o trial_n or_o matter_n pass_v against_o they_o by_o verdict_n or_o judgement_n of_o law_n they_o shall_v pay_v unto_o the_o defendant_n his_o damage_n and_o cost_v which_o shall_v be_v assign_v he_o by_o the_o court._n 5._o court._n 18._o eliz._n c._n 5._o 5._o so_o also_o they_o who_o indict_v or_o impeach_v any_o one_o under_o the_o pretence_n of_o any_o crime_n whereby_o their_o life_n credit_n or_o estate_n be_v in_o jeopardy_n be_v liable_a to_o a_o action_n of_o conspiracy_n 1._o conspiracy_n 33_o e._n 1._o sta._n 3._o 3_o h._n 7._o c._n 1._o which_o presume_v malice_n whereby_o they_o shall_v be_v compel_v to_o pay_v the_o full_a damage_n sustain_v by_o such_o accusation_n or_o eviction_n â—_o eviction_n f._n n._n b_o f._n 115._o â—_o and_o in_o some_o case_n they_o shall_v pay_v treble_a damage_n 10._o damage_n 8_o h._n 6._o c._n 10._o 6._o and_o i_o have_v hear_v from_o some_o practiser_n that_o if_o any_o one_o in_o forma_fw-la pauperis_fw-la procure_v a_o liberty_n of_o bring_v his_o action_n in_o the_o upper_a bench_n common_a plea_n or_o the_o chancery_n according_a to_o the_o statute_n 12._o statute_n 11._o h._n 7._o c._n 12._o and_o betray_v rather_o a_o spirit_n of_o contention_n in_o the_o end_n of_o the_o suit_n than_o a_o just_a cause_n that_o such_o person_n shall_v have_v corporal_a punishment_n 15._o punishment_n 23_o h._n 8._o c._n 15._o 7._o but_o our_o ancestor_n be_v wont_a to_o deter_v man_n from_o their_o light_n and_o rash_a suit_n by_o a_o oath_n for_o it_o be_v prohibit_v every_o one_o to_o bring_v any_o action_n of_o battery_n before_o the_o king_n justice_n unless_o it_o be_v for_o wound_n or_o maim_n without_o they_o first_o make_v oath_n that_o his_o plaint_n be_v true_a or_o a_o action_n of_o trespass_n for_o good_n take_v without_o make_v oath_n that_o the_o good_n take_v be_v worth_a forty_o shilling_n at_o the_o least_o 8._o least_o 6_o e._n 1._o c._n 8._o 8._o there_o be_v many_o statute_n make_v by_o the_o no_o less_o prudence_n than_o equity_n of_o former_a parliament_n 523._o parliament_n 32_o h._n 8._o c._n 30._o 18_o eliz._n c._n 14._o 27_o eliz_n c._n 5_o &_o 6._o blow_n 83._o 522_o 523._o for_o the_o speedy_a decide_n of_o suit_n which_o that_o they_o may_v be_v prefer_v before_o private_a end_n and_o profit_n be_v to_o be_v wish_v by_o all_o good_a man_n in_o regard_n rhey_n do_v principal_o recommend_v the_o truth_n of_o cause_n to_o the_o justistice_n reject_v all_o malicious_a calumny_n of_o those_o who_o be_v subtle_a and_o litigious_a and_o among_o these_o that_o be_v worthy_a to_o be_v number_v by_o which_o the_o craft_n and_o knavery_n of_o under-sheriff_n and_o their_o officer_n and_o bailiff_n be_v restrain_v 12_o restrain_v 27_o eliz._n c._n 12_o of_o the_o office_n and_o duty_n of_o a_o judge_n tit._n xvii_o our_o king_n be_v wont_v formert_o at_o their_o inauguration_n or_o coronation_n to_o take_v a_o oath_n to_o this_o effect_n viz._n that_o they_o will_v keep_v inviolate_a all_o the_o right_n and_o liberty_n of_o holy_a church_n which_o be_v grant_v unto_o she_o by_o the_o christian_a king_n of_o england_n that_o they_o will_v keep_v without_o impair_n or_o diminution_n all_o and_o singular_a the_o land_n and_o dignity_n appertain_v to_o the_o crown_n and_o endeavour_v with_o all_o their_o power_n the_o restitution_n of_o such_o as_o be_v impair_v or_o lose_v if_o any_o be_v that_o they_o will_v cherish_v the_o quiet_a and_o peace_n of_o the_o church_n clergy_n and_o people_n that_o they_o will_v keep_v and_o observe_v the_o ancient_a law_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o kingdom_n which_o be_v receive_v and_o establish_v by_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o whole_a people_n and_o abrogate_v all_o such_o custom_n and_o law_n which_o be_v ill_a and_o naught_o and_o last_o that_o they_o will_v to_o the_o utmost_a of_o their_o power_n assure_v peace_n to_o the_o people_n of_o their_o kingdom_n and_o procure_v it_o from_o other_o 7._o other_o brac._n l._n 3._o tr_fw-la 1._o c._n 9_o n._n 2._o f._n n._n b_o 232._o a._n spec._n justice_n l._n 1._o c._n 1._o flet._n l._n 1._o c._n 7._o 1._o the_o oath_n of_o the_o justice_n of_o the_o superior_a court_n and_o of_o the_o baron_n of_o the_o eychequer_n be_v to_o this_o effect_n viz._n that_o they_o will_v well_o and_o true_o serve_v the_o king_n and_o his_o people_n and_o not_o consent_v to_o any_o thing_n which_o may_v tend_v to_o their_o prejudice_n or_o exheredation_n that_o they_o will_v not_o take_v fee_fw-mi nor_o robe_n of_o any_o man_n but_o the_o king_n that_o they_o will_v not_o take_v any_o gift_n of_o any_o one_o who_o cause_n be_v depend_v before_o they_o except_o meat_n and_o drink_n and_o that_o of_o a_o small_a value_n nor_o any_o thing_n for_o any_o cause_n after_o it_o be_v try_v 10._o try_v brac._n ib._n c._n 8_o n._n 2_o 3._o &_o n._n 9_o 10._o that_o they_o will_v not_o give_v counsel_n to_o any_o one_o in_o any_o case_n which_o concern_v the_o king_n under_o the_o pain_n of_o be_v at_o the_o king_n will_v as_o to_o body_n and_o good_n that_o they_o will_v not_o be_v deter_v by_o the_o king_n letter_n from_o do_v and_o administer_a justice_n to_o any_o one_o 10._o one_o brac._n ib._n c._n 8_o n._n 2_o 3._o &_o n._n 9_o 10._o 2._o this_o we_o have_v even_o from_o the_o very_a beginning_n 27_o beginning_n 2_o e._n 3._o c._n 8._o 20_o e._n 3._o c._n 1._o dier_n 138._o n._n 27_o unto_o this_o present_a that_o where_o any_o one_o be_v sue_v in_o case_n of_o property_n of_o a_o fee_n simple_n for_o land_n or_o tenement_n it_o be_v at_o his_o choice_n whether_o he_o will_v be_v try_v by_o his_o country_n or_o by_o battle_n if_o he_o prefer_v to_o be_v try_v by_o his_o country_n the_o business_n be_v determine_v by_o a_o grand_a assize_n but_o if_o by_o battle_n than_o a_o day_n be_v appoint_v 42._o appoint_v glan_n l._n 2._o c._n 6._o &_o 7._o brit._n c._n 42._o upon_o which_o the_o case_n be_v commit_v to_o two_o combatant_n who_o we_o call_v champion_n according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o single_a duel_n between_o who_o it_o be_v decide_v by_o the_o event_n 42._o event_n dierf_n 301._o n._n 40._o 41._o 42._o 3._o the_o ancient_a custom_n of_o the_o nation_n require_v also_o that_o all_o trial_n of_o private_a action_n except_o a_o few_o as_o to_o matter_n of_o fact_n 114._o fact_n plough_v 92._o 114._o shall_v be_v determine_v by_o a_o jury_n of_o twelve_o free_a and_o lawful_a man_n of_o the_o same_o vicinage_n who_o be_v neither_o ally_v to_o either_o party_n 7._o party_n dr._n stu._n l._n 1._o c._n 7._o or_o hinder_v by_o any_o just_a exception_n challenge_n exception_n dier_n 144._o n._n 59_o 176._o n._n 27._o 177._o n._n 33_o 316_o n._n 3._o bro._n tit._n challenge_n 4._o those_o who_o be_v indict_v for_o any_o capital_a crime_n or_o felony_n before_o a_o judge_n unless_o any_o question_n arise_v touch_v matter_n of_o law_n be_v not_o allow_v council_n yet_o the_o law_n require_v that_o the_o judge_n himself_o shall_v instruct_v the_o party_n in_o all_o thing_n appertain_v to_o the_o form_n of_o his_o defence_n lest_o a_o ignorant_a innocency_n endanger_v his_o life_n 63._o life_n fortesc_n c._n 27._o dr