hawisia_n so_o that_o sibi_fw-la in_o the_o singular_a number_n have_v not_o relation_n to_o any_o else_o but_o to_o the_o infirm_a wibert_n to_o he_o it_o be_v that_o the_o two_o penny_n be_v to_o be_v pay_v and_o the_o profit_n of_o the_o land_n in_o common_a to_o all_o the_o infirm_a of_o that_o house_n in_o perpetual_a alm_n and_o to_o gavel-kind_n that_o be_v to_o say_v that_o all_o the_o brethren_n of_o that_o hospital_n shall_v have_v the_o like_a share_n and_o propriety_n in_o that_o acre_n and_o the_o half_n as_o the_o son_n of_o any_o one_o can_v have_v in_o their_o father_n land_n of_o that_o nature_n and_o if_o not_o by_o this_o way_n i_o can_v find_v no_o other_o to_o make_v any_o sense_n of_o it_o for_o this_o clause_n and_o to_o gavel_n kind_n have_v reference_n clear_o to_o the_o concession_n and_o habendum_fw-la and_o not_o to_o the_o reddendum_fw-la and_o if_o so_o who_o be_v those_o that_o shall_v hold_v it_o in_o gavelkind_n the_o infirmes_fw-la no_o for_o they_o be_v a_o body_n though_o sickly_a that_o can_v not_o die_v nor_o the_o son_n or_o grandchild_n of_o wibaldus_n for_o they_o have_v divess_v themselves_o of_o this_o land_n and_o invest_v their_o decrepit_a brother_n wibert_n with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o infirmes_fw-la of_o that_o hospital_n with_o it_o nor_o can_v the_o tenant_n claim_v any_o right_n by_o this_o deed_n for_o that_o it_o have_v not_o relation_n to_o any_o tenancy_n beside_o hospital_n in_o those_o day_n do_v not_o use_v to_o create_v unprosetable_a tenor_n to_o themselves_o and_o where_o land_n be_v say_v to_o be_v hold_v in_o gavelkynd_n there_o be_v a_o estate_n of_o inheritance_n they_o be_v syncategorematical_a or_o relative_n in_o the_o like_a sense_n be_v that_o deed_n which_o mr._n s._n make_v his_o script_n 〈◊〉_d pag._n 184._o where_o radun_v from_o wadidit_fw-la &_o concessit_fw-la 〈◊〉_d &_o fratribus_fw-la hospitalis_n sancti_fw-la laurentii_fw-la juxtà _fw-la gantunriam_fw-la by_o his_o deed_n septem_fw-la acras_fw-la terrae_fw-la meae_fw-la say_v he_o tenendas_fw-la in_fw-la gavel-kind_n de_fw-fr i_o &_o heredibus_fw-la meis_fw-la â—â—berâ—_n &_o quiâ—â—â—_n reddendo_fw-la inde_fw-la annuatim_fw-la mihi_fw-la vel_fw-la beredibus_fw-la meis_fw-la xlii_o denarios_fw-la etc._n etc._n pro_fw-la hac_fw-la donatione_fw-la &_o confirmatione_fw-la dederunt_fw-la mihi_fw-la praedicti_fw-la fratres_fw-la &_o heredibus_fw-la meis_fw-la quinque_fw-la marcas_fw-la â—ierlingorum_fw-la all_o that_o i_o can_v gather_v out_o of_o this_o be_v that_o ralph_n erone_n sell_v to_o the_o brethren_n of_o st._n lawrences_n hospital_n seven_o acre_n for_o five_o mark_v and_o reserve_v a_o rent_n of_o two_o and_o forty_o penny_n the_o land_n to_o be_v hold_v of_o he_o and_o his_o heir_n in_o gavel-kind_n which_o as_o in_o the_o other_o of_o herbaldune_n so_o be_v this_o to_o be_v understand_v to_o be_v to_o the_o common_a land_n 〈…〉_o and_o behalf_n of_o all_o the_o brethren_n for_o if_o not_o so_o i_o desire_v 〈◊〉_d inform_v how_o it_o can_v ruâ—_a into_o the_o tenor_n of_o glaver-lâ—ynd_a among_o they_o any_o other_o way_n and_o here_o alsoâ—eâ—_n i_o caution_n you_o to_o observe_v that_o in_o the_o first_o deed_n it_o be_v saiâ—_n to_o be_v grant_v in_o perpetuam_fw-la eleemosyndm_n and_o 〈…〉_o and_o then_o come_v in_o with_o the_o reddendum_fw-la so_o like_o wise_a in_o the_o second_o deed_n where_o the_o tenondum_fw-la and_o the_o reddendum_fw-la be_v at_o a_o distance_n that_o by_o mean_n thereof_o it_o be_v not_o probable_a at_o all_o that_o gavel-kind_n shall_v have_v any_o relation_n to_o the_o reddenda_fw-la in_o either_o and_o serious_o consider_v do_v plain_o contain_v a_o different_a use_n from_o either_o rent_n or_o purchase_n but_o to_o proceed_v to_o those_o several_a grant_n produce_v by_o mr._n s._n in_o relation_n to_o the_o term_n as_o that_o of_o r._n dei_fw-la gratia_fw-la sancti_fw-la augustini_fw-la cantuar_n 4._o script_n 4._o shere_v somewhat_o be_v want_v i_o believe_v it_o shall_v be_v 〈…〉_o &_o ejusâ—am_fw-la loci_fw-la conventus_fw-la make_v to_o jordanus_n â—e_v sâ—res_n much_o his_o heir_n of_o xl._n acre_n of_o marshland_n be_v long_v to_o their_o manor_n of_o cistelet_n 6._o script_n 6._o and_o that_o of_o alan_n the_o prior_n and_o the_o convent_n of_o christ-church_n in_o canterbury_n unto_o theb._n de_fw-fr einesford_n and_o his_o heir_n of_o fourscore_o acre_n of_o land_n in_o their_o lordship_n of_o northocholt_n by_o they_o to_o be_v hold_v by_o rent_n and_o suit_n of_o court_n at_o orpinton_n add_v gavilikende_v 7._o script_n 7._o as_o also_o that_o of_o the_o same_o prior_n and_o convent_n to_o stephen_n de_fw-fr kinardentone_n of_o 〈◊〉_d acre_n and_o to_o his_o heir_n add_v gaveliâ—hinde_v again_o that_o deed_n of_o gaufridus_n the_o prior_n and_o the_o convent_n of_o christ-church_n canterbury_n to_o joni_n and_o his_o heir_n of_o a_o sheep_n pasture_n in_o osmundeseye_n tenend_n 8._o script_n 8._o say_v they_o de_fw-fr nobissuccessiuè_fw-la ad_fw-la gavel-kind_n by_o rent_n and_o that_o his_o heir_n successive_o shall_v give_v de_fw-fr relevio_fw-la lvis._n and_o suit_n of_o court_n at_o leysdum_fw-la all_o these_o grantee_n have_v by_o the_o virtue_n of_o these_o several_a grant_v a_o instatement_n into_o the_o tenure_n of_o gavel-kind_n which_o be_v a_o estate_n of_o inheritance_n and_o be_v to_o run_v in_o a_o parallel_n line_n with_o land_n of_o the_o like_a nature_n that_o be_v that_o the_o son_n or_o child_n of_o the_o possessor_n when_o decease_a shall_v hold_v those_o land_n according_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o partition_n in_o gavelkynd_n and_o there_o be_v no_o difficulty_n in_o they_o as_o i_o can_v perceive_v all_o that_o i_o find_v be_v that_o the_o granter_n have_v create_v a_o estate_n of_o the_o tenure_n of_o gavel-kind_n in_o case_n there_o have_v be_v none_o before_o none_o of_o they_o to_o my_o apprehension_n carry_v with_o they_o any_o notable_a antiquity_n lest_o of_o all_o to_o the_o purpose_n be_v that_o 5._o script_n 5._o in_o pag._n 178._o where_o it_o be_v say_v predecessores_fw-la dni_fw-la regis_fw-la concesserunt_fw-la manerium_fw-la de_fw-la wells_n in_o come_v cant._n postea_fw-la concessum_fw-la erat_fw-la in_o puram_fw-la &_o perpetuam_fw-la elcemosynam_n nunquam_fw-la partitum_fw-la fuit_fw-la nec_fw-la est_fw-la portibile_fw-la that_o be_v it_o be_v never_o part_v nor_o be_v partible_a to_o which_o all_o that_o i_o can_v say_v be_v that_o it_o never_o be_v nor_o be_v like_a to_o be_v so_o hold_v gavel-kynd-land_n but_o the_o pass_a discourse_n in_o this_o chapter_n only_o show_v the_o nature_n and_o tenure_n of_o such_o land_n and_o make_v nothing_o at_o all_o to_o the_o etymology_n or_o the_o investigation_n of_o the_o true_a derivation_n of_o the_o word_n in_o contest_v to_o conclude_v mr._n s._n in_o page_n 150._o draw_v from_o his_o several_a discourse_n a_o double_a consectary_n as_o he_o be_v please_v to_o term_v it_o 1._o that_o the_o king_n may_v hold_v land_n in_o gavel-kind_n i_o must_v needs_o approve_v of_o it_o and_o in_o case_n the_o king_n do_v hold_v such_o land_n and_o at_o his_o decease_n leave_v several_a son_n behind_o he_o they_o must_v part_v it_o and_o that_o prince_n have_v so_o do_v i_o have_v already_o prove_v by_o the_o several_a example_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o wales_n and_o of_o the_o german_a empire_n 2._o that_o the_o king_n hold_v land_n in_o gavel-kind_n in_o case_n he_o shall_v grant_v it_o away_o to_o any_o religious_a house_n in_o puram_fw-la &_o perpetuam_fw-la eleemosynam_fw-la in_o frank_a almoign_n it_o remain_v notwithstanding_o partible_a as_o before_o it_o come_v to_o the_o crown_n in_o their_o hand_n at_o least_o who_o the_o religious_a man_n shall_v infeoff_v with_o it_o the_o first_o part_n of_o this_o i_o grant_v for_o if_o such_o land_n be_v give_v to_o any_o religious_a society_n they_o remain_v partible_a as_o to_o the_o profit_n of_o they_o that_o be_v to_o say_v among_o the_o society_n and_o so_o do_v land_n of_o any_o other_o nature_n whatever_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n be_v vest_v pass_v into_o a_o partible_a quality_n that_o be_v the_o whole_a body_n have_v a_o interest_n all_o member_n of_o that_o body_n receive_v part_n and_o share_v of_o the_o benefit_n but_o for_o any_o other_o sort_n of_o partition_n i_o can_v fancy_v how_o it_o shall_v be_v among_o they_o and_o then_o again_o it_o do_v not_o necessary_o follow_v that_o those_o that_o be_v by_o this_o society_n interest_v with_o the_o hold_n of_o those_o land_n under_o they_o shall_v hold_v they_o in_o the_o tenure_n of_o gavelkind_n for_o by_o such_o a_o grant_n as_o i_o say_v before_o in_o this_o tenure_n of_o gavel-kind_n the_o say_a society_n or_o body_n divest_v themselves_o of_o the_o fee-simple_n and_o invest_v the_o taker_n with_o a_o estate_n of_o inheritance_n and_o again_o this_o must_v have_v a_o full_a reference_n to_o the_o society_n their_o manner_n of_o grant_v it_o and_o than_o it_o may_v
practice_n in_o all_o such_o place_n where_o pecus_fw-la be_v in_o great_a abundance_n than_o pecunia_n and_o for_o the_o antiquity_n of_o partition_n of_o land_n we_o shall_v find_v a_o example_n thereof_o in_o the_o holy_a scripture_n where_o it_o seem_v to_o i_o that_o the_o community_n of_o the_o law_n and_o the_o knowledge_n of_o it_o be_v both_o take_v for_o grant_v this_o be_v a_o case_n of_o law_n resolve_v upon_o a_o question_n and_o it_o be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o 21_o chapter_n of_o deuteronomy_n verse_n 7._o where_o though_o the_o case_n be_v in_o bigamy_n yet_o there_o we_o find_v a_o order_n of_o partition_n which_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v even_o nolenti_fw-la patre_fw-la if_o a_o man_n have_v two_o wife_n say_v the_o text_n one_o belove_v and_o another_o hate_a and_o they_o have_v bear_v he_o child_n both_o the_o belove_a and_o the_o hate_a and_o if_o the_o first-born_a son_n be_v she_o that_o be_v hate_v than_o it_o shall_v be_v when_o he_o make_v his_o son_n to_o inherit_v that_o which_o he_o have_v that_o he_o may_v not_o make_v the_o son_n of_o the_o belove_a first-born_a before_o the_o son_n of_o the_o hate_a which_o be_v indeed_o the_o first-born_a but_o he_o shall_v acknowledge_v the_o son_n of_o the_o hate_a for_o the_o first-born_a by_o give_v he_o a_o double_a portion_n of_o all_o that_o be_v find_v with_o he_o for_o he_o be_v the_o begin_n of_o his_o strength_n the_o right_a of_o the_o first-born_a be_v he_o this_o law_n provide_v that_o the_o eldestson_n notwithstanding_o the_o father_n hatred_n shall_v have_v his_o right_n in_o all_o whereof_o the_o father_n be_v possess_v according_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o right_n which_o be_v thus_o in_o case_n a_o man_n have_v five_o son_n the_o father_n possession_n be_v divide_v into_o six_o part_n and_o the_o elder_a have_v by_o right_a two_o of_o those_o part_n by_o this_o we_o may_v observe_v the_o antiquity_n of_o the_o partition_n of_o land_n and_o good_n constitute_v even_o among_o those_o people_n to_o who_o god_n himself_o be_v legislator_n and_o it_o be_v observable_a that_o it_o be_v at_o the_o first_o plantation_n of_o the_o land_n of_o canaan_n where_o to_o i_o it_o seem_v that_o this_o law_n glance_v at_o the_o fundamental_a of_o divide_v bind_v up_o the_o father_n to_o do_v this_o rectify_v justice_n to_o his_o son_n get_v of_o the_o woman_n hate_v traxit_fw-la hate_v which_o law_n as_o mr._n selden_n illustrate_v it_o may_v seem_v to_o be_v ground_v upon_o the_o practice_n of_o noah_n noachus_n &_o tres_fw-la silij_fw-la ejus_fw-la semus_n chamus_n &_o laphetus_n qui_fw-la velut_fw-la adae_fw-la in_fw-la generis_fw-la humaai_fw-la post_fw-la diluvium_fw-la instaurationem_fw-la personam_fw-la jam_fw-la simul_fw-la induerant_fw-la domini_fw-la pro_fw-la indiviso_fw-la rerum_fw-la omnium_fw-la sacti_fw-la sunt_fw-la formula_fw-la donationt_n est_fw-la genes_n cap._n 9.2_o crescite_fw-la &_o multiplicamini_fw-la &_o replete_a terram_fw-la pavor_n vester_fw-ge &_o tremor_n vester_fw-ge erit_fw-la super_fw-la omne_fw-la animal_n terrae_fw-la &_o super_fw-la cunctum_fw-la volatile_a coeli_fw-la etc._n etc._n et_fw-la scimus_fw-la ex_fw-la sacris_fw-la literis_fw-la tellurem_fw-la à _fw-la noachid_n be_v seculis_fw-la aliquot_fw-la post_fw-la diluvium_fw-la esse_fw-la divisam_fw-la a_o japeto_n &_o filiis_fw-la ejus_fw-la divisae_fw-la sunt_fw-la insulae_fw-la gentium_fw-la in_o terris_fw-la suis_fw-la unusquisque_fw-la juxta_fw-la linguam_fw-la svam_fw-la &_o juxta_fw-la familias_fw-la svas_fw-la in_o nationibus_fw-la suis_fw-la quod_fw-la in_o genes_n 10.25_o &_o 3._o ait_fw-fr moses_n scilicet_fw-la à _fw-la tanai_n fluvio_fw-la usque_fw-la in_o mare_fw-la atlanticum_n sâ—u_fw-la per_fw-la magnam_fw-la asiae_n occidentalis_fw-la quae_fw-la in_o septentrionem_fw-la vergit_fw-la partem_fw-la praeter_fw-la totam_fw-la europam_fw-la limitibus_fw-la juxta_fw-la familiaruâ—_n rumerum_fw-la designatis_fw-la sedes_fw-la ut_fw-la domini_fw-la privati_fw-la accipere_fw-la quemadmodum_fw-la chamus_n posterique_a ejus_fw-la non_fw-la dissimili_fw-la modo_fw-la quod_fw-la austro_n &_o africo_fw-la expofitum_fw-la est_fw-la &_o semus_n plagas_fw-la orientales_fw-la usque_fw-la ad_fw-la indiam_fw-la invaluit_fw-la etiam_fw-la traditio_fw-la ipsum_fw-la noachum_fw-la perinde_v ac_fw-la si_fw-la totius_fw-la dominus_fw-la in_o solidum_fw-la aut_fw-la arbiter_n per_fw-la comoromissum_fw-la suisset_fw-la distributionis_fw-la huius_fw-la sâ—â—l_fw-la privati_fw-la hujusmodi_fw-la dominii_fw-la post_fw-la diluvium_fw-la instaurationis_fw-la autorem_fw-la suisse_fw-la idque_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d juxta_fw-la oraculnm_fw-la divinitus_fw-la acceptum_fw-la eamque_fw-la anno_fw-la aetatis_fw-la sva_fw-la 930._o qui_fw-la à _fw-la diluvio_fw-la erat_fw-la 330._o &_o ante_fw-la obitum_fw-la ejus_fw-la vigesimus_fw-la testamento_fw-la firmâsse_fw-la atque_fw-la moribundum_fw-la illud_fw-la in_o semi_a silii_fw-la primogeniti_fw-la maâ—us_fw-la tradidisse_fw-la cunctosque_fw-la simul_fw-la monuisse_fw-la nequis_fw-la corum_fw-la fratris_fw-la fine_n invaderet_fw-la nec_fw-la injuriâ_fw-la alter_fw-la alterum_fw-la afficeret_fw-la quoniam_fw-la inde_fw-la ut_fw-la discordiarum_fw-la atque_fw-la bellorum_fw-la intestinorum_fw-la causa_fw-la oriretur_fw-la foret_fw-la necessum_fw-la selden_n mare_fw-la clausum_fw-la lib._n 1._o cap._n 4._o to_o which_o i_o think_v fit_a to_o subjoin_v what_o he_o write_v in_o the_o same_o book_n cap._n 8._o how_o this_o partition_n be_v mystical_o in_o the_o mist_n of_o their_o invention_n observe_v by_o the_o heathen_a vera_fw-la sunt_fw-la quae_fw-la loquuntur_fw-la poetae_fw-la ut_fw-la rect_n è_fw-mi lactantius_n sed_fw-la obtentu_fw-la aliquo_fw-la specieque_fw-la velata_fw-la et_fw-la sic_fw-la veritatem_fw-la mendacio_fw-la velaverunt_fw-la ut_fw-la veritas_fw-la ipsa_fw-la persuasioni_fw-la publicae_fw-la nihil_fw-la derogaret_fw-la fabuloso_n quod_fw-la diximus_fw-la tempore_fw-la devictis_fw-la scribunt_fw-la titanibus_fw-la sort_n mundum_fw-la divisisse_fw-la deos_fw-la fratres_fw-la jupiter_fw-la pluronem_fw-la neptunum_n jovi_fw-la coelum_fw-la plutoni_fw-la inferna_fw-la neptuno_n mare_fw-la cessisse_fw-la rejectis_fw-la autem_fw-la augis_fw-la illis_fw-la de_fw-la sydereo_fw-la heic_fw-la coelo_fw-la seu_fw-la aethere_fw-la de_fw-la infernorum_fw-la seu_fw-la mortuorum_fw-la regno_fw-la &_o demum_fw-la de_fw-la terra_fw-la tota_fw-la fratrum_fw-la omnium_fw-la post_fw-la divisionem_fw-la communi_fw-la quibus_fw-la patient_fw-la sibi_fw-la imponi_fw-la vulgus_fw-la sinebat_fw-la res_fw-la ipsâ—_fw-la quam_fw-la in_o larvatâ_fw-la hâc_fw-la historiâ_fw-la latere_fw-la veterum_fw-la aliquot_fw-la docuere_fw-la alia_fw-la omnine_a erat_fw-la non_fw-la deos_fw-la hosce_fw-la sed_fw-la homines_fw-la fuisse_fw-la asserunt_fw-la nec_fw-la coeli_fw-la sed_fw-la plagae_fw-la orientalis_fw-la ex_fw-la qua_fw-la mortalibus_fw-la lux_fw-la datur_fw-la unde_fw-la &_o superior_a visa_fw-la est_fw-la ideoque_fw-la coelum_fw-la dictum_fw-la jupiter_fw-la regem_fw-la fuisse_fw-la plutonem_fw-la autem_fw-la accidentis_fw-la quae_fw-la solis_fw-la recessum_fw-la noctemque_fw-la â—stendit_fw-la unde_fw-la inferior_a ea_fw-la dicta_fw-la &_o inferna_fw-la maris_fw-la denique_fw-la &_o interjectarum_fw-la insularum_fw-la dominum_fw-la fuisse_fw-la neptunum_n è_fw-la lactantio_n porra_fw-la scribit_fw-la jupiter_n neptuno_n imperium_fw-la that_fw-mi maris_fw-la ut_fw-la insulis_fw-la emnibus_fw-la &_o quae_fw-la loca_fw-la essent_fw-la secus_fw-la mare_fw-la omnibus_fw-la regnaret_fw-la johannis_n gryphiander_n de_fw-fr insulis_fw-la cap._n 31._o s._n 75._o de_fw-la tribus_fw-la noachi_n filiis_fw-la rem_fw-la totam_fw-la de_fw-la tribus_fw-la diis_fw-la narratam_fw-la fidentèr_fw-la capiat_fw-la verba_fw-la ejus_fw-la sunt_fw-la id_fw-la â—roculdubio_fw-it ex_fw-la partitione_n terrarum_fw-la inter_fw-la tres_fw-la filios_fw-la 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who_o it_o seem_v have_v some_o preference_n by_o his_o primogeniture_n his_o gown_n undertake_v to_o show_v they_o a_o way_n of_o composure_n the_o duke_n grant_v for_o diversion_n rather_o than_o from_o any_o expectation_n of_o solid_a counsel_n his_o desire_n the_o jester_n retire_v into_o the_o conveniency_n of_o a_o near-adjoyning_a closet_n with_o his_o penknife_n cut_v the_o gown_n into_o long_a shred_n from_o the_o shoulder_n to_o the_o bottom_n and_o in_o this_o injure_a and_o spoil_v form_n return_v with_o it_o on_o to_o the_o duke_n and_o council_n who_o wonder_v at_o this_o fancy_n he_o tell_v they_o that_o the_o dukedom_n as_o yet_o be_v like_o the_o gown_n as_o it_o be_v late_o perfect_a and_o in_o order_n but_o that_o which_o be_v now_o insist_v upon_o be_v to_o render_v the_o dukedom_n as_o he_o have_v do_v the_o duke_n gown_n but_o to_o prevent_v the_o like_a mishap_n among_o other_o such_o participant_n in_o these_o our_o day_n the_o late_a duke_n of_o brunswick_n 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which_o consider_v make_v it_o seem_v to_o i_o to_o be_v nothing_o but_o the_o relic_n of_o those_o ancient_a gallic_a custom_n take_v up_o and_o use_v upon_o the_o plantation_n of_o this_o part_n of_o the_o continent_n at_o the_o first_o and_o from_o hence_o in_o probability_n it_o be_v as_o some_o imagine_v that_o the_o britan_n of_o england_n must_v look_v for_o their_o true_a ancestry_n both_o as_o to_o custom_n language_n and_o progenitor_n concern_v which_o i_o shall_v refer_v you_o to_o mr._n camden_n who_o labour_n have_v set_v up_o such_o a_o light_n as_o can_v never_o be_v extinguish_v who_o discourse_v of_o the_o first_o inhabitant_n of_o britain_n misdoubt_v the_o history_n of_o brute_n faith_n that_o hereupon_o it_o may_v be_v conclude_v that_o the_o ancient_a gaul_n inhabitant_n of_o the_o country_n now_o call_v france_n and_o the_o britan_n of_o this_o isle_n speak_v one_o and_o the_o same_o language_n and_o by_o necessary_a consequence_n the_o original_a of_o the_o britan_n be_v to_o be_v reduce_v unto_o the_o gaul_n for_o i_o must_v confess_v that_o france_n or_o gaul_n be_v people_v before_o britain_n as_o lie_v near_o unto_o armenia_n and_o that_o the_o gaul_n send_v out_o and_o plant_v their_o colony_n all_o abroad_o in_o italy_n spain_n germany_n thracia_n and_o asia_n much_o more_o than_o by_o all_o reason_n and_o congruity_n in_o britain_n so_o near_o and_o no_o less_o plenteous_a than_o the_o rest_n and_o dubartas_n do_v observe_v that_o most_o probable_o all_o plantation_n be_v by_o colohy_n out_o of_o the_o east_n which_o in_o time_n as_o it_o be_v gradatim_fw-la overspread_v the_o west_n and_o north_n and_o not_o ignobilis_fw-la not_o martiaus_n zeillerus_n in_o his_o hispaniae_n &_o lusitaniae_fw-la itinerarium_fw-la out_o of_o a_o deseription_n of_o france_n write_v by_o franciscus_n the_o rue_z write_v of_o the_o province_n of_o bigoâ—re_n tell_v we_o by_o way_n of_o wonder_n and_o special_a remark_n that_o mos_fw-la hic_fw-la obtinuit_fw-la ut_fw-la primogenitus_fw-la omnium_fw-la bodorum_fw-la paternorum_fw-la haeres_fw-la evadat_fw-la sive_fw-la nobilis_fw-la sive_fw-la ignobilis_fw-la only_a france_n but_o italy_n itself_o the_o garden_n of_o european_a policy_n which_o some_o will_v have_v to_o be_v a_o colony_n also_o out_o of_o gauâ—_n think_v no_o dishonour_n to_o retain_v her_o old_a custom_n in_o preserve_v this_o tonure_v of_o partition_n of_o land_n from_o her_o first_o planter_n which_o be_v observe_v by_o one_o william_n thomas_n that_o write_v a_o description_n of_o italy_n anno_fw-la domini_fw-la 1549._o who_o in_o his_o three_o chapter_n averr_v that_o the_o inheritance_n of_o land_n in_o italy_n go_v by_o gavelkind_n that_o be_v to_o wit_n one_o brother_n as_o good_a part_n as_o another_o so_o that_o if_o a_o conte_n which_o be_v as_o much_o to_o say_v as_o a_o earl_n have_v twenty_o son_n every_o one_o of_o they_o be_v call_v conte_n and_o the_o young_a have_v as_o good_a part_n in_o his_o father_n land_n and_o good_n as_o the_o elder_a unless_o it_o be_v in_o the_o estate_n of_o prince_n as_o of_o mantova_n ferrara_n urbino_n and_o such_o other_o which_o the_o elder_a evermore_o enjoy_v and_o by_o this_o mean_v it_o be_v come_v to_o pass_v that_o in_o process_n of_o time_n with_o change_n from_o wealth_n to_o poverty_n there_o be_v divers_a earl_n and_o marquis_n without_o land_n or_o good_n retain_v nevertheless_o the_o glory_n of_o that_o name_n to_o they_o and_o they_o for_o ever_o and_o i_o have_v read_v in_o a_o more_o modern_a author_n who_o do_v not_o ascribe_v it_o to_o any_o reason_n but_o only_o relate_v the_o bare_a state_n that_o there_o be_v several_a count_n in_o italy_n who_o at_o the_o same_o time_n such_o be_v the_o smallness_n to_o which_o their_o estate_n be_v reduce_v by_o this_o partition_n be_v not_o able_a to_o maintain_v a_o horse_n a_o hound_n and_o a_o whore_n mr._n thomas_n have_v happen_v right_a upon_o their_o tenure_n though_o he_o denominate_v it_o by_o such_o a_o term_n as_o be_v utter_o unknown_a to_o any_o italian_a but_o observe_v that_o the_o tenure_n be_v general_o among_o the_o family_n there_o except_v those_o who_o of_o latter_a day_n by_o force_n or_o fraud_n have_v wrest_v themselves_o from_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n and_o in_o such_o place_n the_o elder_a son_n inherit_v whilst_o the_o other_o family_n still_o maintain_v their_o old_a custom_n though_o to_o the_o ruin_n and_o subversion_n both_o of_o name_n and_o family_n which_o custom_n can_v fancy_v to_o be_v a_o innovation_n of_o latter_a age_n but_o a_o impression_n from_o the_o ancient_a inhabitant_n when_o first_o they_o do_v spread_v themselves_o in_o colony_n over_o latium_n this_o for_o the_o proof_n of_o the_o general_a usage_n of_o this_o partition_n of_o land_n in_o most_o part_n of_o europe_n and_o the_o probability_n of_o its_o use_n among_o the_o first_o planter_n of_o any_o nation_n proceed_v we_o next_o to_o show_v as_o be_v very_a consonant_n to_o the_o investigation_n of_o the_o original_a of_o this_o tenure_n chap._n ii_o the_o condition_n of_o the_o britain_n when_o caesar_n find_v they_o that_o gavelkind_n be_v ancient_o among_o they_o of_o the_o british_a judge_n the_o druid_n of_o their_o bard_n of_o their_o tylwyth_n of_o their_o manner_n of_o partition_n and_o law_n concern_v their_o gavel_n julius_n caesar_n resolve_v upon_o a_o war_n against_o the_o britain_n for_o their_o frequent_a assist_v the_o gaul_n have_v in_o the_o first_o place_n to_o do_v with_o the_o cantiani_fw-la who_o he_o ennoblish_v with_o the_o character_n of_o be_v more_o civil_a than_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o britain_n and_o render_v the_o reason_n to_o be_v their_o fire_n upon_o the_o shore_n and_o so_o the_o more_o adapt_v for_o traffic_n and_o commerce_n with_o the_o gaul_n who_o be_v general_o than_o more_o civilise_a than_o they_o these_o part_n upon_o caesar_n est_fw-la caesar_n beda_n cap._n 2._o writing_n of_o caesar_n preparation_n to_o invade_v britaany_n say_v navibus_fw-la ectoginta_fw-la praeparatis_fw-la in_o britanniam_fw-la transvehitur_fw-la ubi_fw-la acerbá_fw-la primum_fw-la pugnâ_fw-la satigatus_fw-la deinde_fw-la adversà _fw-la tempestate_fw-la correptus_fw-la plurimam_fw-la classis_fw-la partem_fw-la &_o non_fw-la parvum_fw-la numcrum_fw-la militum_fw-la equitum_fw-la verò_fw-la penè_fw-la omnem_fw-la disperdidit_fw-la iterum_fw-la in_o britanniam_fw-la primo_fw-la veer_fw-la transvectus_fw-la dum_fw-la ipse_fw-la in_o hostem_fw-la cum_fw-la ingenti_fw-la exercitu_fw-la pergit_fw-la nave_n in_o anchoris_fw-la stantes_fw-la tempestate_fw-la correptae_fw-la vel_fw-la collisae_fw-la inter_fw-la se_fw-la dissolutae_fw-la sunt_fw-la exit_fw-la quibus_fw-la 40_o pericrunt_fw-la caeterae_fw-la cum_fw-la magna_fw-la difficultate_fw-la reparâ—tae_fw-la suat_fw-la caesaris_fw-la equitatus_fw-la primo_fw-la congressu_fw-la à _fw-la britannis_fw-la victus_fw-la ibidem_fw-la labienus_n tribunus_n occisus_fw-la est_fw-la second_o invasion_n first_o yield_v themselves_o unto_o he_o the_o second_o invasion_n i_o term_v
finibus_fw-la controversia_fw-la est_fw-la can_v controversy_n of_o inheritance_n or_o hereditary_a succession_n arise_v where_o one_o of_o the_o son_n by_o law_n and_o custom_n inherit_v can_v there_o be_v any_o considerable_a question_n of_o bound_n where_o one_o son_n take_v possession_n of_o all_o whereof_o his_o father_n die_v seize_v exclude_v his_o other_o brethren_n in_o this_o small_a summary_n of_o judgement_n under_o the_o cognizance_n of_o the_o druid_n caesar_n place_v these_o as_o the_o most_o remarkable_a custom_n and_o eminent_a arricles_n the_o controversy_n of_o hereditary_a succession_n be_v not_o considerable_a where_o the_o land_n descend_v to_o one_o son_n for_o if_o it_o be_v according_a to_o custom_n that_o it_o shall_v so_o descend_v i_o know_v not_o with_o who_o the_o controversy_n shall_v be_v it_o can_v be_v with_o any_o of_o his_o brethren_n for_o they_o have_v no_o right_n except_o it_o be_v by_o our_o gavel_n nor_o with_o his_o sister_n for_o in_o case_n the_o father_n in_o his_o life-time_n have_v not_o provide_v for_o they_o they_o be_v leave_v to_o his_o mercy_n so_o that_o the_o controversy_n if_o any_o there_o be_v where_o the_o land_n descend_v to_o the_o one_o exclude_v all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o son_n must_v be_v with_o himself_o the_o controversy_n of_o single_a haeredation_n though_o in_o collateral_a line_n can_v not_o induce_v such_o a_o remark_n and_o notice_n from_o caesar_n because_o such_o question_n fall_v out_o but_o rare_o even_o in_o this_o well_o people_a age_n neither_o do_v the_o trial_n upon_o a_o majus_n jus_o in_o one_o day_n common_o occur_v but_o put_v the_o controversy_n together_o as_o caesar_n have_v join_v they_o that_o be_v submit_v to_o the_o judgement_n and_o sentence_n of_o these_o druid_n which_o i_o be_o persuade_v be_v of_o one_o and_o the_o same_o nature_n for_o bound_n betwixt_o neighbour_n and_o neighbour_n may_v be_v in_o question_n but_o this_o i_o say_v must_v not_o be_v suppose_v to_o be_v whole_o disjunctive_a from_o the_o rest_n for_o thus_o it_o be_v express_v si_fw-mi de_fw-fr haereditate_fw-la de_fw-la finibus_fw-la controversia_fw-la est_fw-la it_o be_v not_o with_o the_o connexion_n of_o aut_fw-la or_o and_o of_o but_o lie_v plain_o in_o conjunction_n and_o bound_n have_v some_o probable_a reference_n to_o the_o inheritance_n which_o be_v to_o be_v part_v by_o our_o gavel_n among_o the_o brethren_n will_v require_v much_o use_n of_o the_o wisdom_n and_o moderation_n of_o the_o druid_n and_o also_o of_o their_o authority_n to_o set_v out_o to_o every_o brother_n or_o participant_n his_o portion_n or_o part_n without_o give_v cause_n of_o distaste_v to_o any_o for_o we_o see_v where_o this_o tenure_n at_o this_o day_n be_v in_o force_n that_o in_o case_n the_o proprietor_n of_o such_o partible_a land_n leave_v only_o but_o one_o son_n after_o he_o there_o can_v be_v no_o quarrel_n but_o that_o that_o only_a son_n enter_v upon_o and_o possess_v the_o land_n without_o competition_n or_o corrivallship_n thus_o in_o relation_n to_o the_o druid_n the_o judge_n in_o those_o age_n i_o have_v give_v a_o short_a account_n a_o little_a after_o caesar_n time_n they_o cease_v in_o gaul_n for_o 1._o for_o pliny_n lib._n 30._o c._n 1._o pliny_n say_v that_o tiberii_n caesaris_fw-la principatus_fw-la sustulit_fw-la druidas_n eorum_fw-la yet_o in_o britain_n they_o be_v in_o request_n long_o after_o even_o then_o when_o the_o roman_n have_v almost_o make_v perfect_a their_o conquest_n by_o the_o achieve_v of_o that_o memorable_a battle_n in_o the_o island_n of_o mona_n at_o present_a denominate_v anglesey_n we_o now_o proceed_v in_o our_o discourse_n to_o the_o bardi_n who_o think_v themselves_o to_o be_v the_o loca_fw-la tenentes_fw-la druidum_fw-la these_o be_v the_o british_a herald_n and_o register_n as_o galliis_fw-la as_o de_fw-fr galliis_fw-la ammian_n marcellinus_n record_v they_o who_o with_o the_o druid_n and_o the_o eubage_n he_o thus_o make_v famous_a per_fw-la haec_fw-la say_v he_o locis_fw-la hominibusque_fw-la paulatim_fw-la excultis_fw-la viguere_fw-la studia_fw-la laudabilium_fw-la doctrinarum_fw-la inchoata_fw-la per_fw-la bardos_n &_o eubage_n &_o druidas_n &_o bardi_n quidem_fw-la fortia_fw-la virorum_fw-la illustrium_fw-la facta_fw-la heroicis_fw-la composita_fw-la versibus_fw-la cum_fw-la dulcibus_fw-la lyrae_fw-la modulis_fw-la cantitarunt_fw-la eubages_fw-la vero_fw-la scrutantes_fw-la summa_fw-la &_o sublimia_fw-la naturae_fw-la pandere_fw-la conabantur_fw-la inter_fw-la hos_fw-la druid_n ingeniis_fw-la celsores_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o of_o these_o bard_n it_o be_v that_o lucan_n in_o a_o few_o verse_n have_v leave_v so_o worthy_a and_o ancient_a a_o memorial_n which_o i_o will_v not_o scruple_n to_o transcribe_v vos_fw-fr quoque_fw-la qui_fw-la fortes_fw-la animas_fw-la belloque_fw-la peremptas_fw-la laudibus_fw-la in_o longum_fw-la vates_fw-la dimittitis_fw-la aevum_fw-la plurima_fw-la securi_fw-la fudistis_fw-la carmina_fw-la bardi_n of_o who_o mr._n camden_n also_o add_v qui_fw-la praeterquam_fw-la quo_fw-la eo_fw-la munere_fw-la funguntur_fw-la etiam_fw-la praetexendis_fw-la genealogiis_fw-la operam_fw-la imprimis_fw-la studiose_fw-la navant_fw-la the_o carefulness_n of_o these_o bard_n from_o age_n to_o age_n have_v be_v so_o great_a that_o there_o be_v none_o who_o look_v into_o such_o british_a historical_a concernment_n but_o easy_o observe_v it_o and_o also_o see_v by_o that_o learning_n and_o knowledge_n that_o be_v extant_a in_o their_o write_n how_o fit_a they_o be_v to_o take_v care_n and_o cognizance_n of_o such_o matter_n as_o concern_v their_o office_n in_o relation_n to_o descent_n upon_o the_o tenure_n of_o partition_n and_o although_o it_o may_v take_v up_o too_o much_o paper_n for_o this_o small_a volume_n well_o to_o spare_v yet_o will_v it_o be_v much_o to_o our_o purpose_n to_o understand_v their_o manner_n of_o record_v their_o line_n and_o genealogy_n so_o as_o to_o six_o their_o pedigree_n right_a and_o to_o preserve_v they_o free_a from_o confusion_n in_o their_o collateral_a line_n by_o which_o care_n and_o art_n notwithstanding_o their_o tenure_n they_o keep_v all_o unconfound_v then_o first_o know_v that_o their_o genealogy_n especial_o of_o their_o principal_a gentry_n run_v seldom_o further_o than_o to_o certain_a tylwyth_n which_o as_o doctor_n davies_n expound_v it_o signify_v familia_fw-la famulitium_fw-la &_o tribus_fw-la which_o word_n take_v its_o derivation_n either_o from_o tyle_n i._n e._n locus_fw-la ubi_fw-la stetit_fw-la domus_fw-la vel_fw-la locus_fw-la aedificandae_fw-la domui_fw-la aptus_fw-la or_o else_o from_o tylath_n which_o signify_v trabs_fw-la tignus_fw-la whether_o you_o take_v it_o in_o the_o first_o derivation_n than_o it_o will_v afford_v we_o the_o signification_n of_o a_o place_n whereupon_o to_o build_v a_o house_n or_o if_o in_o the_o second_o then_o do_v it_o hold_v out_o in_o its_o signification_n a_o beam_n in_o the_o building_n either_o of_o which_o will_v serve_v our_o present_a purpose_n for_o tylwyth_n be_v a_o tribe_n or_o family_n branch_a or_o issue_v forth_o of_o another_o by_o that_o which_o we_o in_o our_o english_a heraldry_n call_v second_o or_o three_o house_n so_o that_o in_o case_n the_o great_a paternal_a stock_n spread_v or_o branch_a itself_o into_o several_a tylwyth_n or_o house_n these_o bard_n preserve_v the_o memorial_n thereof_o and_o observe_v this_o method_n in_o their_o ordinary_a memorial_n of_o family_n they_o carry_v not_o second_v or_o young_a house_n further_a than_o his_o tylwyth_n herein_o they_o respect_v primogeniture_n and_o there_o cease_v take_v it_o for_o grant_v that_o the_o great_a paternal_a stock_n be_v or_o shall_v be_v so_o well_o know_v that_o there_o shall_v be_v no_o need_n at_o all_o to_o mention_v it_o refer_v all_o the_o cadet_n of_o a_o family_n and_o sometime_o also_o the_o elder_a family_n itself_o to_o their_o tylwyth_n by_o this_o create_v in_o they_o a_o exact_a propriety_n to_o that_o stock_n which_o way_n i_o say_v be_v careful_o preserve_v by_o these_o their_o bard_n a_o specimen_fw-la whereof_o though_o not_o of_o great_a antiquity_n yet_o be_v exhibit_v under_o the_o hand_n of_o one_o that_o write_v himself_o bard_n i_o shall_v present_v to_o you_o and_o it_o be_v thus_o mainerch_n ap_fw-mi driffyn_n lord_n of_o brechnock_n 1._o blethin_n ap_fw-mi mainarch_n lord_n of_o brechnock_n be_v together_o with_o king_n rees_n his_o brother-in_a law_n with_o many_o other_o gentleman_n slay_v by_o the_o norman_n by_o west_n of_o brechnock_n near_o the_o river_n of_o uske_n the_o place_n be_v to_o this_o day_n call_v the_o battle_n ellen_n daughter_n of_o theodore_n king_n of_o south-wales_n and_o sister_n to_o that_o noble_a rees_n ap_fw-mi tudore_fw-la or_o theodore_n 2._o driffyn_n ap_fw-mi mainarch_n 3._o drympeck_n ap_fw-mi mainarch_n moreiddig_n warwin_n he_o be_v bear_v with_o a_o adder_n about_o his_o neck_n for_o which_o cause_n he_o forsake_v his_o paternal_a coat_n and_o give_v the_o three_o child_n head_n their_o neck_n enwrap_v about_o with_o so_o many_o snake_n proper_a etc._n etc._n and_o of_o he_o be_v issue_v
the_o vaughan_n of_o brechnock-shire_n and_o many_o other_o gentleman_n who_o be_v term_v tylwyth_n voreiddig_n 1._o gwgan_n ap_fw-mi blethin_n 2._o cadivor_fw-la ap_fw-mi blethin_n gryff_fw-mi gwyr_n from_o who_o the_o family_n of_o brechn_n glamorg_n and_o carmatthenshires_n come_v call_v tylwyth_n howel-melyn_n that_o be_v howel-melyns_a posterity_n owen_n gethyn_n from_o who_o many_o gentleman_n in_o brechnock-shire_n be_v descend_v call_v tylwyth_n owen_n gethyn_n that_o be_v the_o posterity_n or_o tribe_n of_o owen_n gethin_n here_o you_o see_v this_o bard_n have_v not_o only_o vouchsafe_v unto_o we_o the_o tylwyth_n arise_v out_o of_o this_o short_a pedigree_n but_o also_o the_o very_a meaning_n of_o the_o word_n in_o the_o english_a thus_o be_v their_o memorial_n preserve_v by_o they_o who_o the_o better_a to_o infix_v they_o and_o also_o for_o a_o great_a stimulum_fw-la to_o heroic_a action_n in_o their_o song_n deduce_v from_o age_n to_o age_n deliver_v to_o they_o from_o their_o predecessor_n do_v celebrate_v the_o praise_n of_o their_o worthy_a man_n which_o custom_n in_o some_o place_n they_o yet_o retain_v and_o of_o so_o great_a account_n be_v these_o bard_n that_o by_o the_o law_n of_o howel-dha_a a_o honourable_a provision_n be_v make_v for_o the_o chief_a of_o they_o in_o the_o court_n who_o be_v to_o reside_v near_o the_o person_n of_o the_o prince_n and_o of_o so_o great_a repute_n be_v this_o place_n or_o office_n that_o to_o the_o dignity_n be_v annex_v a_o particular_a refugium_fw-la the_o use_n of_o these_o tylwyth_n be_v to_o show_v not_o only_o the_o original_n of_o family_n as_o if_o their_o work_n have_v be_v mere_o to_o run_v over_o a_o pedigree_n but_o the_o several_a distinction_n and_o distance_n of_o birth_n that_o in_o case_n any_o line_n shall_v make_v a_o failer_z the_o next_o in_o degree_n which_o be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o german_a proximus_fw-la gradus_fw-la may_v make_v a_o unconfounded_a use_n of_o their_o interest_n according_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o partition_n by_o their_o gavel_n i_o tell_v you_o before_o how_o in_o all_o their_o pedigree_n there_o be_v a_o preference_n of_o primogeniture_n which_o be_v only_o in_o honour_n and_o respect_n and_o not_o in_o unequal_a division_n of_o the_o patrimony_n for_o in_o these_o the_o better_a to_o carry_v a_o light_n use_v lustre_n they_o point_v at_o the_o penennedl_n of_o each_o family_n who_o as_o the_o prince_n of_o their_o tribe_n and_o kindred_n be_v always_o have_v in_o much_o honour_n and_o reverence_n among_o they_o which_o respect_n be_v like_a that_o wherewith_o the_o jew_n do_v honour_v their_o chief_n mention_v they_o with_o that_o title_n of_o respect_n in_o call_v they_o sometime_o head_n of_o their_o father_n house_n other-while_n chief_a man_n and_o in_o other_o place_n of_o scripture_n they_o be_v make_v know_v by_o this_o account_n viz._n by_o their_o generation_n after_o the_o house_n of_o their_o father_n and_o in_o this_o form_n do_v they_o enrol_v their_o band_n of_o soldier_n for_o the_o war_n for_o it_o be_v write_v in_o the_o chronicle_n chapter_n 1_o chron_n 7._o and_o 8_o chapter_n that_o david_n assemble_v all_o the_o prince_n of_o israel_n the_o prince_n of_o the_o tribe_n etc._n etc._n unto_o jerusalem_n 25.44_o numb_a 25.44_o in_o like_a manner_n it_o be_v record_v in_o number_n that_o the_o name_n of_o the_o israelite_n that_o be_v slay_v be_v zimti_n the_o son_n of_o salu_n a_o prince_n of_o a_o chief_a house_n among_o the_o simeonites_n and_o in_o the_o follow_a verse_n it_o be_v remember_v that_o the_o name_n of_o the_o midianitish_a woman_n that_o be_v slay_v be_v cozbi_n the_o daughter_n of_o zur_n he_o be_v head_n of_o a_o people_n and_o of_o a_o chief_a house_n in_o midian_a where_o this_o order_n of_o partition_n be_v in_o force_n there_o be_v it_o most_o necessary_a that_o genealogy_n shall_v be_v most_o exact_o keep_v and_o by_o the_o moysaicall_a law_n so_o great_a care_n be_v take_v in_o this_o point_n that_o the_o tribe_n be_v not_o permit_v to_o have_v mixtion_n together_o by_o intermarriage_n and_o although_o in_o many_o of_o the_o highland_n of_o scotland_n they_o have_v lose_v this_o tenure_n yet_o have_v they_o with_o much_o affection_n retain_v their_o respect_n to_o the_o head_n of_o their_o clan_n call_v they_o their_o chief_n to_o who_o in_o former_a time_n they_o give_v more_o respect_n and_o be_v with_o more_o obedience_n command_v than_o by_o their_o prince_n the_o pedigree_n before_o recite_v i_o tell_v you_o i_o give_v to_o show_v their_o manner_n of_o record_v their_o family_n of_o gentry_n distinguish_v from_o their_o pen-cennedl_a i_o have_v another_o that_o â—â—ows_v how_o tenacious_o their_o gavel_n be_v in_o force_n among_o they_o even_o in_o regno_fw-la adâ—unâ—o_fw-la and_o how_o by_o it_o in_o process_n of_o time_n that_o principality_n come_v to_o great_a loss_n and_o destruction_n roderick_n the_o great_a be_v prince_n of_o all_o wales_n have_v three_o son_n among_o who_o he_o divide_v his_o territory_n which_o three_o son_n be_v call_v y_o tri_n twysoc_n talaethioc_n that_o be_v the_o three_o crown_a prince_n because_o every_o one_o of_o they_o do_v wear_v upon_o his_o bonnet_n or_o helmet_n a_o coronet_n of_o gold_n be_v a_o broad_a lace_n or_o hatband_n indent_v upward_o set_v and_o wrought_v with_o precious_a stone_n which_o in_o the_o british_a be_v call_v talaeth_n by_o which_o name_n the_o nurse_n do_v call_v the_o head-band_n wherewith_o a_o child_n head_n be_v bind_v uppermost_a at_o this_o time_n as_o doctor_n powel_n have_v critical_o observe_v but_o that_o it_o may_v be_v the_o more_o plain_a and_o perspicuous_a take_v it_o genealogistical_o thus_o roderick_n surname_v the_o great_a prince_n of_o wales_n 1._o mervyn_n prince_n of_o north-wales_n 2._o cadelh_n prince_n of_o south-wales_n howel-dha_a in_o who_o the_o territory_n of_o north-wales_n and_o south-wales_n be_v unite_v and_o be_v the_o second_o legislator_n of_o the_o britan_n an._n christi_fw-la 942._o 3._o anarawd_n prince_n of_o powis_n after_o several_a succession_n which_o i_o purposely_o omit_v to_o save_v the_o labour_n of_o needless_o lengthen_v the_o line_n there_o from_o he_o proceed_v one_o convyn-blethin_a ap_fw-mi convyn_n who_o be_v prince_n of_o powis-land_n divide_v it_o to_o his_o two_o son_n 1._o meredith_n ap_fw-mi blethin_n who_o divide_v his_o apartment_n of_o powis-land_n betwixt_o his_o two_o son_n 1._o madoc_n who_o have_v upon_o the_o division_n that_o part_n that_o be_v call_v powys-uadoc_a or_o madoc_n his_o powis_n he_o die_v anno_fw-la d._n 1160._o at_o winchester_n and_o be_v call_v the_o prince_n of_o powy_n he_o be_v a_o true_a friend_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n susanua_n daughter_n of_o gruffyth_n ap_fw-mi conan_n prince_n of_o north-wales_n 2._o gruffyth_o prince_n of_o powy_n have_v another_o share_n of_o powy_n land_n 1._o gruffith_n maelor_n have_v for_o his_o share_n bromefield_n yale_n hopedale_n chirk_n etc._n etc._n 2._o owen_n vachan_n have_v mechain-iscoid_a etc._n etc._n 2._o cadogan_n ap_fw-mi blethin_n 1_o owyn_n brogynton_n a_o base_a son_n of_o madoc_n ap_fw-mi blethin_n have_v dynmael_n and_o edeirneon_n and_o doctor_n powel_n in_o his_o additament_n to_o the_o cambrian_a history_n in_o those_o i_o mean_v that_o he_o have_v set_v betwixt_o the_o year_n 808._o and_o 810._o give_v a_o full_a discourse_n of_o the_o primitive_a use_n of_o this_o tenure_n and_o also_o of_o the_o modern_a abuse_n thereof_o for_o upon_o those_o great_a feud_n that_o arise_v betwixt_o the_o descendant_n of_o conan_n tindaethwy_n upon_o this_o account_n of_o partition_n he_o write_v thus_o here_o i_o think_v fit_a to_o say_v somewhat_o of_o the_o custom_n and_o tenure_n of_o wales_n whereof_o this_o mischief_n grow_v viz._n the_o feud_n betwixt_o brethren_n the_o rend_v the_o government_n in_o piece_n etc._n etc._n that_o be_v the_o division_n of_o the_o father_n inheritance_n among_o all_o the_o son_n common_o call_v gavelkind_n gavel_n be_v a_o british_a term_n signify_v a_o hold_n because_o every_o one_o of_o the_o son_n do_v hold_v some_o portion_n of_o his_o father_n land_n as_o his_o lawful_a son_n and_o successor_n this_o be_v the_o cause_n not_o only_o of_o the_o overthrow_n of_o all_o the_o ancient_a nobility_n in_o wales_n for_o by_o that_o mean_n the_o inheritance_n be_v continual_o divide_v and_o subdivide_v among_o the_o child_n and_o the_o child_n child_n etc._n etc._n be_v at_o length_n bring_v to_o nothing_o but_o also_o of_o much_o bloodshed_n and_o unnatural_a strife_n and_o contention_n among_o brethren_n aâ—_n we_o have_v here_o a_o example_n viz._n the_o history_n of_o the_o descendant_n of_o conan_n tindaethwy_n and_o many_o other_o in_o this_o history_n he_o mean_v in_o lancarvan_n british_a history_n nation_n history_n i_o can_v wish_v that_o those_o renown_a english_a plantation_n in_o america_n will_v examine_v of_o what_o avail_n
insulae_fw-la britannicae_n quae_fw-la sunt_fw-la xii_o &_o post_fw-la haec_fw-la ab_fw-la inhabitationibus_fw-la elongatur_fw-la &_o quo_fw-la procedat_fw-la ignoratur_fw-la for_o the_o difference_n betwixt_o the_o two_o language_n be_v not_o so_o great_a but_o that_o we_o may_v upon_o good_a reason_n believe_v they_o be_v one_o and_o the_o same_o ancient_o nor_o so_o great_a a_o dissonancy_n at_o this_o day_n between_o they_o but_o that_o the_o footstep_n of_o a_o former_a union_n may_v easy_o be_v observe_v and_o 19_o and_o mr._n selden_n observe_v a_o little_a of_o the_o use_n in_o the_o defusedness_n of_o the_o ancient_a language_n say_v corwallensea_n in_fw-it anglia_fw-it linguâ_fw-la semper_fw-la usi_fw-la sunt_fw-la cambro-britannicâ_a saltem_fw-la velut_fw-la dialecto_fw-la variatâ_fw-la uti_fw-la etiam_fw-la aremorici_n in_fw-la galliis_fw-la manniae_fw-la item_n insulae_fw-la incolae_fw-la hibernicâ_fw-la unde_fw-la tamen_fw-la nemo_fw-la est_fw-la hominum_fw-la qui_fw-la velit_fw-la sequi_fw-la aut_fw-la hanc_fw-la angliae_fw-la regibus_fw-la quâ_fw-la hiberniae_fw-la sive_fw-la domini_fw-la sive_fw-la reges_fw-la fuerint_fw-la parere_fw-la aut_fw-la illos_fw-la ex_fw-la cambro-britannici_a principatû_fw-fr jure_fw-la aliqâ—_n principibus_fw-la suis_fw-la subjacere_fw-la marc_n claus_n lib._n 2._o cap._n 19_o the_o progress_n of_o language_n be_v a_o thing_n very_o well_o worth_a the_o observat_fw-la on_o for_o by_o sundry_a discourse_n with_o several_a intelligent_a person_n concern_v in_o the_o language_n and_o somewhat_o upon_o my_o own_o observation_n i_o can_v make_v it_o out_o that_o if_o one_o of_o base_a britanny_n meet_v a_o cornish-man_n that_o speak_v the_o cornish_a they_o with_o small_a difficulty_n will_v each_o understand_v the_o other_o the_o very_a denomination_n of_o that_o country_n be_v british_a for_o armorica_n be_v derive_v from_o at_o mor_n which_o have_v no_o signification_n but_o from_o the_o welsh_a and_o be_v upon_o or_o near_o the_o sea_n with_o which_o the_o situation_n also_o agree_v let_v a_o cornish-man_n pass_v into_o wales_n he_o will_v understand_v the_o welsh_a and_o be_v understand_v of_o they_o a_o welshman_n meet_v with_o a_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o isle_n of_o man_n that_o speak_v the_o manc-language_n both_o of_o they_o will_v understand_v one_o the_o other_o meaning_n a_o inhabitant_n of_o this_o isle_n a_o menavian_n meet_v in_o ireland_n among_o the_o irish_a a_o agreeable_a intelligence_n and_o the_o irish_a with_o great_a facility_n communicate_v with_o the_o high-land_n scot_n in_o their_o several_a dialect_n intelligible_o so_o that_o animadvert_v this_o progression_n as_o i_o have_v link_v they_o much_o may_v be_v infer_v of_o original_n custom_n and_o manner_n among_o all_o of_o they_o have_v find_v the_o footstep_n of_o gavel-kind_n by_o the_o saxon_n deduce_v to_o the_o norman_n and_o not_o alter_v by_o they_o concern_v which_o i_o have_v be_v large_a before_o and_o in_o my_o next_o chapter_n show_v chap._n xv._o that_o in_o the_o term_n gavelkynd_n be_v not_o partition_n of_o free_a socage_n and_o other_o custom_n concern_v gavelkynd_n extra_fw-la cantium_n of_o the_o antiquity_n of_o the_o law_n of_o howel-dha_a that_o in_o the_o term_n viz._n gavelkynd_n there_o be_v not_o any_o partition_n be_v plain_a both_o by_o what_o mr._n s._n apprehend_v of_o it_o think_v it_o to_o be_v derive_v from_o rent_n and_o to_o signify_v genus_fw-la gabli_fw-la vel_fw-la redditus_fw-la nor_o by_o what_o i_o have_v give_v in_o and_o exhit_v for_o my_o sentence_n that_o it_o signify_v tenura_n the_o â—enure_n per_fw-la eminentiam_fw-la of_o the_o family_n or_o genus_fw-la tenurae_fw-la and_o so_o consequent_o may_v serve_v for_o a_o answer_n to_o one_o part_n of_o the_o question_n put_v by_o mr._n s._n in_o his_o 42d._o page_n where_o he_o say_v our_o next_o enquiry_n shall_v be_v whether_o partition_n owe_v itself_o to_o gavelkind_n either_o ex_fw-la vi_fw-la termini_fw-la or_o ratione_fw-la rei_fw-la and_o give_v his_o opinion_n with_o i_o that_o ex_fw-la vi_fw-la termini_fw-la partition_n do_v not_o owe_v itself_o to_o gavelkynd_n and_o in_o some_o considerable_a case_n it_o be_v not_o enforce_v in_o the_o very_a use_n of_o it_o for_o in_o case_n a_o father_n die_v possess_v or_o seize_v of_o such_o partible_a gavel-kynd-land_n and_o leave_v but_o one_o son_n behind_o he_o this_o land_n be_v not_o then_o to_o be_v part_v which_o if_o it_o have_v be_v ex_fw-la vi_fw-la termini_fw-la it_o must_v have_v either_o cease_v its_o use_n and_o force_n or_o else_o there_o must_v have_v be_v find_v out_o some_o other_o near_o relation_n with_o who_o the_o sole_a heir_n have_v be_v constrain_v to_o a_o partition_n the_o like_a whereof_o i_o can_v never_o read_v or_o hear_v be_v ever_o do_v this_o be_v very_o well_o understand_v by_o littleton_n 265._o lib._n 3._o sect._n 265._o and_o explain_v by_o sir_n edward_n coke_n in_o that_o chapter_n of_o parcener_n per_fw-la le_fw-fr custom_n for_o son_n say_v sir_n edward_n be_v parcener_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o fee_n or_o inheritance_n and_o not_o in_o respect_n of_o their_o person_n as_o daughter_n and_o sister_n be_v etc._n etc._n and_o out_o of_o bracton_n cit_v this_o et_fw-la sunt_fw-la participes_fw-la quasi_fw-la partem_fw-la capientes_fw-la etc._n etc._n ratione_fw-la ipsius_fw-la rei_fw-la quae_fw-la partibilis_fw-la est_fw-la &_o non_fw-la ratione_fw-la personarum_fw-la quae_fw-la non_fw-la sunt_fw-la quasi_fw-la unus_fw-la haeres_fw-la &_o unum_fw-la corpus_fw-la sed_fw-la diversi_fw-la haeredes_fw-la ubi_fw-la tenementum_fw-la partibile_fw-la est_fw-la inter_fw-la plures_fw-la cohaeredes_fw-la petentes_fw-la qui_fw-la descendunt_fw-la de_fw-fr eodem_fw-la stipite_fw-la semper_fw-la solent_fw-la dividi_fw-la ab_fw-la antiquo_fw-la for_o such_o land_n belong_v to_o a_o family_n relate_v only_o to_o the_o male_n in_o case_n of_o their_o existency_n but_o if_o not_o then_o to_o the_o female_n so_o also_o we_o have_v it_o observe_v by_o glanvil_n who_o denominate_v such_o as_o hold_v by_o this_o tenure_n of_o partition_n liberi_fw-la sokemanni_n of_o who_o he_o write_v quibus_fw-la mortuis_fw-la dividetur_fw-la hereditas_fw-la inter_fw-la omnes_fw-la filios_fw-la si_fw-la fuerit_fw-la socagium_fw-la &_o id_fw-la antiquitùs_fw-la divisum_fw-la salvo_fw-la tamen_fw-la capitali_fw-la messuagio_fw-it primogenito_fw-la pro_fw-la dignitate_fw-la aesneciae_fw-la suae_fw-la ita_fw-la tamen_fw-la quod_fw-la in_o aliis_fw-la rebus_fw-la satisfaciet_fw-la aliis_fw-la ad_fw-la valentiam_fw-la si_fw-mi vero_fw-la non_fw-la fuerit_fw-la antiquitùs_fw-la divisum_fw-la tunc_fw-la primogenitus_fw-la secundùm_fw-la quorundam_fw-la consuetudinem_fw-la totam_fw-la haereditatem_fw-la obtinebit_fw-la secundùm_fw-la autem_fw-la quorundam_fw-la consuetudinem_fw-la postnatus_fw-la filius_fw-la heres_fw-la est_fw-la i_o shall_v not_o enforce_v any_o thing_n from_o the_o custom_n of_o preference_n of_o primogeniture_n to_o socage_n land_n which_o be_v such_o as_o be_v non_fw-fr antiquitùs_fw-la divisae_fw-la and_o those_o to_o be_v but_o secundùm_fw-la consuetudinem_fw-la quorundam_fw-la which_o expression_n signify_v a_o diminution_n both_o in_o respect_n of_o age_n and_o community_n nor_o of_o the_o tenure_n which_o we_o call_v burgh-english_a which_o whether_o bring_v in_o by_o the_o saxon_n because_o of_o its_o name_n i_o can_v tell_v but_o concern_v that_o which_o glanvil_n set_v down_o as_o the_o most_o common_a custom_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o most_o ancient_a as_o in_o his_o time_n it_o be_v receive_v to_o be_v and_o the_o intent_n of_o his_o paragraph_n which_o be_v to_o counter-distinguish_a the_o tenure_n of_o this_o partible_a land_n from_o the_o tenor_n of_o the_o military_a fee_n where_o the_o elder_a son_n in_o england_n still_o inherit_v of_o which_o sort_n there_o be_v not_o so_o many_o when_o william_n the_o conqueror_n take_v his_o survey_n of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o after_o time_n do_v bring_v they_o unto_o when_o that_o no_o land_n be_v permit_v to_o be_v hold_v free_a from_o the_o military_a tenure_n not_o except_v the_o very_a land_n of_o the_o church_n but_o he_o be_v so_o plain_a i_o shall_v not_o trouble_v you_o with_o a_o comment_n and_o return_v to_o the_o subject_n of_o this_o chapter_n which_o be_v that_o partition_n ex_fw-la vi_fw-la termini_fw-la do_v not_o owe_v itself_o to_o gavelkind_n no_o rather_o gavel-kind_n to_o partition_n for_o i_o believe_v when_o at_o first_o this_o partition_n be_v use_v and_o receive_v into_o a_o common_a custom_n those_o user_n be_v enforce_v and_o oblige_v to_o find_v and_o invent_v a_o word_n by_o which_o their_o custom_n may_v be_v intelligible_o express_v rather_o than_o to_o make_v a_o custom_n to_o the_o signification_n of_o the_o word_n but_o where_o the_o custom_n of_o divide_v under_o the_o title_n and_o term_n of_o gavel-kind_n be_v once_o receive_v and_o settle_v with_o its_o appurtenance_n there_o it_o infer_v partition_n and_o pass_v as_o a_o common_a law_n not_o only_o in_o kent_n but_o in_o christendom_n also_o to_o what_o mr._n s._n say_v by_o way_n of_o objection_n out_o of_o bracton_n that_o he_o be_v express_v for_o a_o partition_n ratione_fw-la rei_fw-la vel_fw-la ratione_fw-la terrae_fw-la if_o by_o it_o relation_n
this_o in_o probability_n and_o policy_n may_v be_v to_o they_o and_o in_o particular_a to_o the_o most_o famous_a plantation_n of_o virginia_n the_o most_o fertile_a and_o most_o consonant_a to_o english_a body_n of_o any_o whatsoever_o and_o will_v â—ove_v of_o great_a use_n in_o time_n to_o the_o english_a nation_n this_o kind_n of_o partition_n dr._n powel_n add_v be_v very_o good_a to_o plant_v and_o settle_v any_o nation_n in_o a_o large_a country_n not_z inhabit_a but_o in_o a_o populous_a country_n already_o furnish_v with_o inhabitant_n it_o be_v the_o very_a decay_n of_o great_a family_n and_o as_o i_o say_v before_o the_o cause_n of_o strife_n and_o debate_n the_o read_n of_o this_o passage_n be_v it_o which_o many_o year_n since_o first_o set_v my_o thought_n at_o enmity_n with_o the_o saxon_a parentage_n of_o gavelkind_n i_o mean_v that_o of_o gip-eal-cynne_a give_v all_o kin_n this_o it_o be_v that_o give_v i_o not_o only_o some_o example_n of_o the_o use_n of_o it_o among_o the_o welsh_a but_o also_o a_o interpretation_n of_o half_a the_o name_n for_o i_o find_v the_o doctor_n himself_o in_o these_o additament_n to_o this_o welsh_a history_n even_o in_o this_o passage_n i_o have_v make_v use_n of_o startle_v at_o the_o latter_a part_n of_o the_o composition_n for_o he_o have_v write_v kind_a in_o small_a different_a letter_n whereas_o gavel_n be_v write_v in_o great_a but_o to_o return_v to_o the_o pedigree_n by_o which_o you_o plain_o perceive_v the_o use_n and_o the_o effect_n of_o this_o british_a gavel_n and_o not_o only_o so_o but_o the_o partition_n as_o to_o descent_n also_o to_o the_o legitimate_a child_n for_o the_o continuator_fw-la of_o lancarvan_n history_n have_v this_o note_n upon_o owen_n brogynton_n viz._n his_o have_v such_o a_o apportionment_n of_o his_o father_n land_n be_v a_o bastard_n that_o base_a son_n be_v not_o base_o esteem_v but_o with_o the_o other_o have_v part_n of_o their_o father_n inheritance_n and_o so_o have_v other_o through_o wales_n especial_o if_o they_o be_v stout_a and_o of_o noble_a courage_n i_o confess_v this_o passage_n do_v at_o first_o stumble_v i_o with_o some_o other_o of_o the_o like_a nature_n till_o serious_o observe_v and_o compare_v together_o the_o law_n of_o howel-dha_a i_o have_v as_o to_o the_o british_a history_n a_o great_a deal_n of_o light_n administer_v which_o inforce_v i_o from_o my_o incredulity_n to_o admire_v the_o observer_n or_o continuator_fw-la i_o gather_v from_o this_o law_n of_o howel-dha_a si_fw-la villanus_fw-la regis_fw-la filium_fw-la vel_fw-la optimatis_fw-la ex_fw-la licencia_fw-la regis_fw-la alendum_fw-la fusceperit_n filius_fw-la ille_fw-la particeps_fw-la erit_fw-la haereditatis_fw-la cum_fw-la filiis_fw-la villani_n post_fw-la mortem_fw-la ejus_fw-la that_o a_o bastard_n may_v as_o probable_o receive_v a_o part_n in_o his_o father_n estate_n by_o law_n as_o that_o a_o foster-child_n shall_v have_v a_o right_n to_o a_o division_n of_o his_o foster-father_n land_n but_o in_o these_o you_o see_v by_o what_o mean_v the_o prinoipality_n of_o wales_n crumble_v to_o nothing_o who_o give_v as_o much_o opportunity_n to_o the_o saxon_n and_o norman_n by_o this_o division_n to_o conquer_v they_o as_o by_o the_o like_a fraction_n their_o ancestor_n do_v give_v facility_n and_o occasion_n to_o the_o roman_n but_o to_o return_v to_o our_o purpose_n this_o last_o division_n of_o roderick_n the_o great_a mention_v in_o our_o discourse_n be_v say_v to_o be_v do_v according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o wales_n which_o be_v so_o then_o certain_o partition_n be_v according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o wales_n and_o this_o i_o further_o collect_v that_o it_o be_v not_o altogether_o the_o land_n which_o in_o former_a time_n be_v so_o much_o desire_v which_o i_o gather_v from_o that_o vast_a proportion_n of_o waste_a land_n at_o this_o day_n in_o that_o territory_n or_o be_v aequivalent_o consider_v with_o the_o cattle_n and_o stock_n wherewith_o that_o land_n be_v to_o be_v manage_v for_o those_o mulct_n and_o imposition_n of_o fine_n and_o amerciament_n mention_v in_o the_o law_n of_o howel-dha_a be_v very_o severe_a because_o than_o they_o be_v impose_v and_o do_v proceed_v from_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v their_o great_a riches_n and_o be_v not_o only_o in_o money_n but_o principal_o in_o cattle_n of_o all_o sort_n which_o be_v their_o stock_n and_o this_o lead_v i_o to_o examine_v whether_o and_o to_o show_v that_o chap._n 3._o neither_o the_o roman_n nor_o the_o saxon_n alter_v our_o ancient_a law_n of_o the_o ancient_a honour_n and_o use_v of_o the_o reguli_fw-la danelaege_n merkenlaege_n and_o westsaxonlaege_n what_o they_o be_v mr._n s._n say_v p._n 61._o for_o my_o part_n i_o conceive_v it_o viz._n gavelkind_a may_v carry_v a_o antiquity_n far_o great_a than_o the_o time_n of_o the_o norman_a conquest_n etc._n etc._n if_o this_o be_v concede_v i_o shall_v then_o go_v a_o little_a further_o with_o my_o conception_n in_o this_o point_n and_o labour_n to_o make_v it_o probable_a that_o the_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o britain_n be_v not_o alter_v at_o least_o so_o much_o as_o by_o the_o general_a current_n of_o writter_n be_v common_o receive_v by_o either_o the_o conquest_n of_o the_o roman_n or_o saxon_n not_o that_o i_o deny_v but_o that_o each_o of_o they_o make_v some_o sort_n of_o impression_n upon_o they_o in_o relation_n to_o their_o manner_n law_n and_o custom_n though_o the_o main_a body_n of_o they_o stand_v firm_a and_o unshaken_a and_o first_o for_o the_o roman_n who_o in_o those_o time_n be_v much_o disease_a with_o that_o itch_n of_o conquest_n and_o too_o too_o great_a a_o desire_n of_o glory_n by_o it_o be_v carry_v out_o sometime_o to_o attempt_v divers_a great_a thing_n upon_o the_o account_n of_o fame_n that_o be_v even_o unprofitable_a yet_o be_v it_o not_o their_o manner_n or_o custom_n when_o they_o subdue_v any_o country_n to_o alter_v the_o custom_n or_o law_n thereof_o but_o rather_o to_o settle_v the_o conquer_a upon_o a_o foundation_n of_o enjoy_v their_o liberty_n only_o be_v subject_n to_o the_o title_n of_o conquest_n so_o be_v it_o in_o jury_n with_o the_o jew_n to_o who_o in_o holy_a writ_n you_o find_v allow_v many_o thing_n according_a to_o their_o custom_n both_o in_o permit_v of_o the_o ceremony_n of_o their_o religion_n and_o also_o in_o judicial_a affair_n in_o the_o like_a manner_n deal_v they_o with_o some_o of_o the_o grecian_a commonwealth_n the_o roman_a conqueror_n show_v to_o one_o of_o they_o a_o better_a division_n of_o their_o country_n in_o relation_n to_o the_o more_o orderly_a existency_n of_o their_o republic_n than_o ever_o they_o themselves_o have_v before_o take_v notice_n of_o and_o not_o only_o so_o but_o tell_v they_o be_v at_o that_o time_n assemble_v and_o expect_v some_o severe_a doom_n that_o if_o they_o will_v proceed_v in_o their_o ancient_a way_n of_o government_n they_o shall_v have_v their_o liberty_n provide_v they_o own_v the_o roman_n their_o superior_n in_o right_a of_o conquest_n who_o only_o desire_v such_o a_o power_n over_o they_o by_o their_o garrison_n the_o burden_n and_o charge_n whereof_o shall_v not_o be_v considerable_a to_o they_o that_o in_o case_n they_o rebel_v those_o they_o will_v keep_v as_o door_n and_o inlet_n by_o which_o they_o will_v pour_v in_o such_o force_n as_o shall_v reduce_v they_o to_o their_o peace_n but_o that_o such_o a_o defection_n shall_v be_v the_o occasion_n of_o the_o loss_n of_o their_o freedom_n and_o after_o this_o manner_n be_v the_o common_a practice_n observe_v by_o the_o roman_n in_o their_o conquest_n but_o to_o return_v home_o i_o find_v not_o that_o either_o caesar_n in_o his_o commentary_n lucan_n or_o tacitus_n mention_n or_o point_n out_o any_o alteration_n in_o the_o religion_n or_o in_o the_o custom_n or_o so_o much_o as_o the_o ceremony_n of_o the_o druid_n and_o though_o i_o must_v yield_v that_o from_o the_o roman_n the_o britain_n have_v most_o part_n of_o their_o civility_n in_o the_o use_n of_o habit_n manner_n of_o warring_n building_n bath_n etc._n etc._n yet_o can_v i_o not_o collect_v any_o innovation_n as_o to_o their_o law_n and_o can_v bold_o affirm_v that_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o these_o alteration_n as_o we_o have_v the_o term_n of_o art_n and_o appellation_n of_o thing_n from_o they_o so_o again_o the_o britain_n leave_v some_o relic_n of_o their_o language_n among_o the_o roman_n for_o what_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o this_o island_n have_v that_o to_o the_o roman_n be_v repute_v rarity_n to_o they_o do_v they_o accept_v of_o british_a appellation_n smooth_v they_o into_o their_o own_o idiom_n the_o britain_n at_o that_o time_n be_v famous_a for_o their_o art_n in_o contexture_n of_o basket_n be_v thing_n very_o much_o by_o the_o roman_n desire_v who_o hear_v the_o britain_n call_v they_o in_o their_o language_n
his_o lord_n let_v the_o lord_n seek_v by_o the_o award_n of_o his_o court_n from_o three_o week_n to_o three_o week_n to_o find_v some_o distress_n upon_o the_o tenement_n until_o the_o four_o court_n always_o with_o witness_n and_o if_o within_o that_o time_n he_o can_v find_v no_o distress_n in_o that_o tenement_n whereby_o he_o may_v have_v justice_n of_o his_o tenant_n then_o at_o the_o four_o court_n let_v it_o be_v award_v that_o he_o shall_v take_v that_o tenement_n into_o his_o hand_n in_o the_o name_n of_o a_o distress_n as_o if_o it_o be_v a_o ox_n or_o a_o cow_n and_o let_v he_o keep_v it_o a_o year_n and_o a_o day_n in_o his_o hand_n without_o manure_v it_o within_o which_o term_n if_o the_o tenant_n come_v and_o pay_v his_o arrearage_n and_o make_v reasonable_a amends_o for_o the_o withhold_n then_o let_v he_o have_v and_o enjoy_v his_o tenement_n as_o his_o ancestor_n and_o he_o before_o hold_v it_o and_o if_o he_o do_v not_o come_v before_o the_o year_n and_o the_o day_n be_v past_a then_o let_v the_o lord_n go_v to_o the_o next_o county_n court_n with_o his_o witness_n of_o his_o own_o court_n and_o pronounce_v there_o this_o process_n to_o have_v further_a witness_n and_o by_o the_o award_n of_o his_o court_n after_o the_o county_n court_n hold_v he_o shall_v enter_v and_o manare_fw-la in_o those_o land_n and_o tenement_n as_o in_o his_o own_o and_o if_o the_o tenant_n come_v afterward_o and_o will_v re-have_a his_o tenement_n and_o hold_v they_o as_o he_o aid_v before_o let_v he_o make_v agreement_n with_o the_o lord_n according_a as_o it_o be_v ancient_o say_v nighesith_v yield_v and_o nighesith_v geld_v i._n e._n let_v he_o nine_o time_n pay_v and_o nine_o time_n repay_v have_v he_o not_o since_o any_o thing_n give_v nor_o have_v he_o not_o since_o any_o thing_n pay_v let_v he_o pay_v v._o lib._n for_o his_o error_n before_o he_o become_v tenant_n or_o holder_n again_o see_v hereof_o 10_o hen._n 3._o fitz._n cessavit_fw-la 60._o &_o statute_n 10._o edw._n 2._o of_o gavelet_n in_o london_n in_o the_o collection_n of_o statutes_n london_n 2._o matter_n much_o tend_v to_o this_o purpose_n that_o by_o this_o word_n gavelet_n the_o lord_n shall_v have_v the_o land_n for_o the_o cease_v of_o the_o tenant_n i_o have_v read_v much_o to_o this_o purpose_n in_o mr._n lambards_n perambulation_n of_o kent_n but_o the_o whole_a hereof_o relate_v to_o a_o writ_n of_o recovery_n for_o default_n or_o nonpayment_n of_o gafol_n or_o gable_n or_o rent_n the_o word_n gavelet_n which_o be_v nothing_o but_o the_o let_v hindrance_n or_o withhold_a of_o gavel_n gable_n or_o rent_n which_o writ_n run_v in_o london_n as_o well_o as_o in_o kent_n and_o all_o of_o it_o nothing_o to_o our_o tenure_n in_o question_n to_o the_o same_o purpose_n be_v that_o which_o mr._n s._n urge_v in_o his_o 12_o page_n where_o he_o give_v a_o learned_a exposition_n which_o serve_v for_o a_o fortification_n as_o well_o as_o a_o explanation_n upon_o the_o word_n gafol_n which_o he_o describe_v vary_v in_o the_o dialect_n saxonic_fw-la testament_n saxonic_fw-la be_v write_v gafol_n gavel_n gaful_a and_o gafel_v and_o show_v how_o it_o pass_v in_o matth._n 17._o verse_n 24_o &_o 2_o and_o cap._n 22._o vers_fw-la 17_o &_o 19_o to_o signify_v tribute_n which_o i_o think_v may_v prove_v a_o acceptation_n thereof_o natural_o enough_o and_o in_o matth._n 25._o vers_fw-la 27._o it_o serve_v to_o express_v advantage_n or_o usury_n and_o in_o king_n withred_n law_n of_o sr._n henry_n spelmans_fw-mi edition_n of_o his_o ancient_a council_n it_o be_v expound_v to_o we_o by_o what_o it_o be_v common_o receive_v redditus_fw-la vel_fw-la persio_fw-la and_o mr._n selden_n in_o his_o note_n upon_o eadmerus_n render_v geÆ¿â—â—ic_a gaful_a to_o signify_v solitus_fw-la census_fw-la the_o wont_a or_o usual_a payment_n or_o rent_n but_o mr._n s._n conclude_v thus_o to_o be_v short_a say_v he_o gafol_n be_v a_o word_n which_o as_o gablum_fw-la in_o domesdey_n book_n the_o skilful_a in_o the_o saxon_a tongue_n with_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n else_o where_o turn_v by_o what_o gabella_n be_v expound_v abroad_o viz._n vectigal_a portorium_fw-la tributum_fw-la exactio_fw-la census_fw-la etc._n etc._n in_o latin_a but_o in_o english_a with_o verstegan_n tribute_n tax_n or_o custom_n whereunto_o mr._n lambard_n and_o sir_n edward_n coke_n agree_v upon_o which_o and_o to_o all_o mr._n s._n crave_v leave_v to_o add_v rend_v which_o i_o shall_v not_o in_o any_o wise_a deny_v he_o provide_v as_o i_o say_v before_o he_o will_v be_v content_v with_o that_o exposition_n to_o signify_v rend_v and_o not_o go_v about_o for_o the_o sound_a sake_n to_o impose_v it_o on_o the_o tenure_n for_o in_o this_o i_o will_v beg_v a_o information_n or_o rather_o satisfaction_n whether_o gavelkind-land_n may_v not_o be_v and_o be_v not_o hold_v without_o rent_n which_o if_o it_o be_v find_v to_o be_v as_o i_o know_v it_o be_v general_o use_v in_o urchenfield_n and_o perhaps_o in_o other_o place_n also_o then_o do_v it_o destroy_v the_o very_a nature_n of_o the_o etymologye_n but_o with_o this_o part_n upon_o the_o mistake_n of_o the_o word_n gavel_n in_o those_o compound_v mention_v i_o have_v speak_v sufficient_o and_o further_o i_o will_v not_o trouble_v the_o reader_n patience_n about_o it_o in_o the_o next_o place_n here_o be_v chap._n x._o several_a deed_n cite_v by_o mr._n s._n that_o have_v their_o tenenda_n ad_fw-la gavilikendam_fw-la examine_v and_o expound_v i_o be_o constrain_v to_o run_v over_o the_o examination_n of_o several_a deed_n produce_v in_o transcript_n by_o mr._n s._n and_o have_v finish_v the_o discourse_n of_o the_o word_n single_n and_o in_o composition_n i_o be_o come_v to_o experiment_n the_o trial_n of_o it_o in_o the_o term_n proper_a with_o its_o affix_v of_o which_o mr._n s._n say_v pag._n 38._o thus_o for_o example_n in_o a_o number_n of_o deed_n and_o conveyance_n which_o i_o have_v see_v record_v in_o the_o leiger-book_n of_o the_o cathedral_n at_o canterbury_n and_z st._n augustine_n late_a abbey_n there_o phrased_a all_o of_o they_o after_o this_o manner_n tenendum_fw-la ad_fw-la or_o in_o gavelikendam_fw-la etc._n etc._n i_o presume_v he_o have_v cite_v the_o principall_a of_o they_o and_o if_o so_o then_o i_o assure_v you_o i_o be_o not_o stumble_v at_o any_o of_o they_o and_o first_o 39_o pag._n 39_o for_o that_o deed_n of_o the_o son_n of_o wibaldus_n who_o do_v grant_v infirmis_fw-la de_fw-la herbaldune_fw-la unam_fw-la acram_fw-la &_o dimidiam_fw-la terrae_fw-la scil_n langenekre_n cum_fw-la fratre_fw-la svo_fw-la wiberto_n infirmo_fw-la in_o perpetuam_fw-la eleemâ—synam_n and_o to_o gavelkynd_n reddendo_fw-la sibi_fw-la dvos_fw-la denarios_fw-la etc._n etc._n mr._n s._n right_o collect_v from_o the_o mould_n and_o cast_v of_o that_o deed_n the_o bind_n of_o the_o heir_n in_o relation_n to_o their_o gift_n for_o these_o son_n of_o wibaldus_n and_o their_o son_n and_o heir_n and_o their_o daughter_n do_v all_o join_v in_o the_o alienation_n of_o this_o acre_n and_o a_o half_a to_o herbaldune_v hospital_n i_o will_v not_o trouble_v myself_o about_o the_o deed_n to_o quarrel_v at_o their_o scrivener_n who_o seldom_o find_v dimidiam_fw-la write_v for_o dimidium_fw-la or_o believe_v that_o he_o may_v in_o his_o intermixture_n of_o and_o to_o gavelkynd_n make_v a_o ignorant_a coherence_n we_o will_v grant_v it_o all_o right_a and_o straight_o and_o take_v along_o with_o we_o what_o mr._n s._n say_v pag._n 51._o that_o such_o a_o expression_n as_o tenendum_fw-la in_fw-la or_o ad_fw-la gavelkynd_n or_o the_o like_a be_v necessary_a to_o render_v the_o grant_v land_n partible_a after_o the_o custom_n of_o gavelkind_n without_o the_o help_n of_o prescription_n requisite_a in_o partible_a land_n else_o where_o out_o of_o kent_n and_o hereupon_o refer_v to_o the_o plead_n of_o burga_n the_o wife_n of_o peter_n the_o bend_v put_v down_o and_o publish_v in_o the_o appendix_n to_o his_o book_n script_n 5._o but_o the_o first_o he_o will_v have_v to_o be_v a_o gift_n or_o grant_n in_o perpetuam_fw-la but_o not_o in_o puram_fw-la eleemosynam_fw-la there_o be_v no_o more_o than_o perpetuam_fw-la which_o whether_o it_o be_v or_o not_o be_v nothing_o to_o our_o purpose_n but_o the_o reddendum_fw-la as_o well_o as_o the_o tenendum_fw-la in_o that_o deed_n have_v somewhat_o not_o familiar_a for_o it_o be_v say_v there_o reddendo_fw-la sibi_fw-la dvos_fw-la denarios_fw-la etc._n etc._n which_o sibi_fw-la have_v relation_n to_o wiberto_n infirmo_fw-la the_o last_o immediate_o before_o mention_v rather_o than_o to_o any_o other_o in_o that_o deed_n for_o all_o other_o person_n therein_o comprehend_v be_v by_o double_n as_o nos_fw-la filios_fw-la wibaldi_n herbwinum_fw-la &_o eilwardum_fw-la haeredes_fw-la suos_fw-la thomam_fw-la &_o paganum_fw-la with_o this_o also_o hoc_fw-la concedunt_fw-la filiae_fw-la suae_fw-la basilia_n &_o
proper_o call_v villein-service_n have_v be_v as_o they_o still_o be_v intermit_v or_o rather_o quite_o cease_v insomuch_o as_o all_o our_o gavel-kynd-land_n in_o point_n of_o service_n now_o differ_v nothing_o from_o free_a socage_n be_v such_o ubi_fw-la fit_a servitium_fw-la in_o denariis_fw-la that_o there_o be_v change_n out_o of_o villeinage_n tenor_n into_o other_o more_o free_a and_o less_o servile_a be_v frequent_o to_o be_v find_v but_o by_o that_o to_o lay_v any_o force_n upon_o the_o in_o erpretation_n or_o etymologye_n of_o the_o word_n or_o that_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o those_o citation_n bring_v in_o by_o mr._n s._n it_o shall_v signify_v genus_fw-la gabli_fw-la aut_fw-la redditus_fw-la because_o there_o be_v a_o tent_n fix_v upon_o the_o change_n i_o can_v yield_v unto_o it_o to_o what_o he_o observe_v in_o his_o 59_o page_n out_o of_o the_o customal_n of_o eastry_n manor_n in_o kent_n of_o the_o change_a octo_fw-la cotarii_fw-la pro_fw-la gavel-kende_a since_o that_o gavel-kind_n in_o kent_n be_v receive_v as_o a_o tenure_n far_o less_o servile_a than_o their_o ordinary_a villeinage_n this_o change_n i_o say_v be_v very_o considerable_a and_o do_v well_o deserve_v a_o sum_n of_o money_n in_o gersum_fw-la to_o the_o lord_n for_o that_o these_o cotarii_fw-la before_o this_o change_n be_v by_o tenure_n villein_n and_o so_o consequent_o their_o land_n not_o descendable_a to_o their_o child_n their_o person_n not_o scarce_o their_o own_o their_o acquisition_n get_v by_o the_o sweat_n of_o their_o brow_n at_o the_o will_n of_o the_o lord_n by_o this_o change_n these_o cotarii_fw-la be_v invest_v into_o a_o propriety_n of_o this_o land_n and_o this_o land_n make_v to_o descend_v as_o in_o gavelkind_n the_o mutation_n be_v very_o advantageous_a to_o the_o occupant_a but_o yet_o there_o appear_v somewhat_o further_o to_o i_o to_o confirm_v my_o affirmation_n and_o it_o be_v thus_o to_o be_v consider_v mutati_fw-la sunt_fw-la octo_fw-la cotarii_fw-la pro_fw-la gave-kende_a medleferme_fw-la tenet_fw-la unum_fw-la messuagium_fw-la tres_fw-la acras_fw-la quae_fw-la solent_fw-la esse_fw-la cotar_n modo_fw-la reddit_fw-la xl._n den_n de_fw-mi gablo_fw-mi these_o cotarii_fw-la have_v their_o land_n change_v into_o gavel-kend_a &_o medleferm_fw-la tenet_fw-la unum_fw-la messuagium_fw-la que_fw-la solent_fw-la esse_fw-la cotarii_fw-la modo_fw-la reddit_fw-la xl._n den_n de_fw-mi gablo_fw-mi they_o be_v change_v into_o the_o tenure_n of_o gavelkind_n and_o pay_v rend_v xl._n den_n de_fw-mi gablo_fw-mi this_o last_o notwithstanding_o the_o propinquity_n of_o sound_n can_v have_v any_o relation_n to_o gavel-kende_a for_o than_o it_o have_v be_v a_o tautology_n but_o gavel-kind_n and_o gablum_fw-la be_v set_v forth_o into_o different_a and_o distinct_a use_n the_o tenure_n be_v change_v into_o gavel-kind_n with_o the_o reservation_n of_o a_o annual_a rent_n of_o xl._n den_n de_fw-mi gablo_fw-mi that_o be_v to_o say_v upon_o the_o account_n of_o that_o imposition_n make_v at_o the_o agreement_n by_o way_n of_o acknowledgement_n for_o create_v this_o land_n gavel-kind-land_n the_o last_o have_v relation_n to_o the_o rent_n reserve_v and_o the_o acknowledgement_n the_o other_o to_o the_o manner_n of_o hold_v in_o relation_n to_o the_o change_n and_o to_o the_o future_a descent_n so_o likewise_o be_v that_o other_o citation_n out_o of_o the_o archbishop_n accompt-roll_n in_o the_o year_n 1230._o where_n it_o be_v thus_o enter_v &_o dâ—_n xiiis._n ivd._n the_o fine_a cotariorum_n ut_fw-la coteriae_fw-la suae_fw-la ponerentur_fw-la adredditum_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v that_o their_o cottage_n may_v be_v fix_v and_o certain_a in_o relation_n to_o their_o gable_n or_o reat_n for_o which_o they_o pay_v a_o fine_a whereas_o the_o first_o citation_n have_v relation_n both_o to_o tenure_n and_o rent_n i_o shall_v now_o take_v my_o progress_n northward_o and_o inform_v you_o that_o there_o be_v also_o as_o the_o remainder_n of_o the_o ancient_a planter_n chap._n xvii_o gavel-kind_n in_o scotland_n when_o the_o english_a tongue_n and_o the_o custom_n be_v first_o plant_v in_o scotland_n mr._n s._n in_o his_o 53d._o page_n report_n that_o the_o tenure_n of_o gavelkynd_n in_o other_o country_n beside_o kent_n be_v a_o custom_n indeed_o but_o yet_o like_a to_o that_o in_o scottish_a socage_n land_n to_o which_o he_o produce_v as_o a_o test._n skenaeus_fw-la i_o find_v by_o mr._n s._n that_o gavel-kind_n shall_v be_v permit_v in_o other_o country_n to_o be_v like_a unto_o that_o in_o wales_n like_o that_o in_o ireland_n like_v to_o scottish_a socage-land_n rather_o than_o like_v to_o itself_o or_o to_o the_o same_o etc._n same_o yet_o mr._n john_n skene_n say_v in_o his_o chapter_n de_fw-fr linea_fw-la recta_fw-la descendentium_fw-la thus_o give_v any_o man_n deceasis_n &_o leavis_n behind_o he_o maa_o son_n nor_o one_fw-mi either_o he_o be_v succomaanus_n &_o haldis_n not_o his_o land_n be_v service_n of_o ward_n and_o then_o his_o heretage_n be_v divide_v amang_v all_o his_o son_n or_o he_o be_v mile_n la_o the_o quhilk_fw-mi case_n the_o elder_a son_n succeedis_fw-la in_o the_o haâ—_n land_n quhilk_n heretable_o pertein_v to_o his_o father_n etc._n etc._n what_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o scottish-socageland_a be_v or_o have_v be_v ancient_o in_o scotland_n i_o be_o not_o certain_a but_o of_o this_o i_o be_o assure_v that_o there_o be_v seucral_a manor_n heretofore_o belong_v to_o certain_a bishop_n of_o scotland_n where_o there_o be_v the_o same_o usage_n of_o partition_n of_o land_n as_o in_o gavel-kind_n which_o show_v that_o those_o land_n belong_v in_o those_o ancient_a time_n to_o the_o church_n do_v not_o feel_v the_o severity_n of_o the_o war_n but_o enjoy_v this_o custom_n and_o tenure_n from_o their_o most_o ancient_a proprietor_n which_o be_v also_o plain_o to_o be_v perceive_v by_o the_o retention_n of_o this_o tenure_n yet_o in_o force_n among_o the_o ancient_a britain_n of_o the_o isle_n who_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o site_n be_v most_o free_a from_o the_o fury_n of_o the_o war._n i_o call_v they_o britain_n though_o now_o they_o be_v call_v high-lander_n because_o upon_o trial_n of_o word_n and_o denomination_n of_o place_n i_o find_v that_o language_n and_o the_o british_a so_o coherent_a as_o that_o there_o be_v not_o much_o difference_n between_o they_o to_o a_o serious_a observer_n as_o i_o have_v before_o treat_v consideration_n be_v have_v to_o such_o word_n as_o have_v suffer_v by_o the_o saxon_a converse_n for_o this_o island_n at_o its_o first_o plantation_n do_v certain_o upon_o the_o increase_n of_o family_n who_o first_o settle_v in_o the_o easternmost_a part_n thereof_o remove_v their_o increase_n westward_o and_o northward_o till_o such_o time_n as_o by_o this_o mean_v both_o cornwall_n and_o the_o orcades_n be_v also_o plant_v and_o then_o the_o saxon_n in_o process_n of_o time_n inforce_v the_o britain_n to_o leave_v these_o their_o ancient_a seat_n in_o the_o eastern_a part_n of_o the_o isle_n yet_o not_o all_o as_o i_o show_v before_o who_o retire_v by_o their_o force_n either_o into_o cornwall_n wales_n the_o scottish_a highland_n or_o base_a britainy_a in_o france_n where_o they_o in_o their_o offspring_n do_v occupy_v these_o place_n with_o ireland_n also_o unto_o this_o day_n there_o lie_v a_o large_a island_n name_v lewis_n belong_v to_o the_o earl_n of_o seaforth_n between_o the_o hebrides_n and_o the_o orcade_n which_o whole_o hold_v by_o this_o tenure_n of_o partition_n by_o what_o name_n there_o call_v i_o can_v not_o understand_v for_o their_o language_n there_o be_v irish-british_a but_o if_o according_a to_o mr._n s._n the_o name_n be_v saxon_a in_o its_o original_n what_o hinder_v but_o that_o all_o country_n where_o the_o saxon_a language_n be_v in_o use_n shall_v have_v the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o word_n and_o upon_o this_o ground_n it_o be_v that_o i_o may_v with_o moroprobability_n è_fw-la 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england_n for_o here_o they_o plant_v and_o settle_v with_o the_o