Linguistic DNA - Concept Modelling Demonstrator

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
land_n	estate_n	lord_n	tenant_n	1,925	5	9.6892	5	true

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A80543	The Copy-holders plea against the excess of fines, uncertain exacted of them by their lords upon their admittance.		1653 (1653)	Wing C6240; Thomason E724_4; Thomason E830_1; ESTC R207260	6,173	11

those_o land_n be_v now_o much_o more_o and_o great_a than_o in_o former_a time_n be_v of_o no_o moment_n or_o regard_n at_o all_o for_o where_o no_o consideration_n be_v of_o the_o lord_n part_n who_o be_v only_o a_o instrument_n and_o compelable_a to_o admit_v as_o be_v before_o show_v and_o all_o his_o charge_n and_o cost_v be_v in_o keep_v of_o his_o court_n &_o his_o steward_n stipend_n the_o fine_a aught_o to_o be_v set_v with_o reference_n to_o that_o only_a and_o not_o to_o the_o value_n of_o the_o copyhold_n estate_n which_o move_v not_o from_o the_o lord_n but_o where_o he_o make_v a_o voluntary_a grant_v as_o aforesaid_a the_o ancient_a precedent_n therefore_o of_o those_o court_n roll_n where_o they_o have_v be_v and_o be_v well_o keep_v be_v the_o best_a precedent_n for_o fine_n in_o such_o case_n and_o where_o they_o be_v lose_v or_o conceal_v the_o rule_n give_v in_o stallon_n and_o willow_n case_v before_o mention_v by_o the_o judge_n there_o name_v seem_v most_o agreeable_a to_o reason_n and_o equity_n or_o if_o neither_o like_o you_o and_o that_o the_o fine_n must_v needs_o be_v with_o reference_n to_o the_o value_n of_o the_o land_n why_o shall_v not_o that_o rate_n by_o the_o stat._n of_o west_n 1._o c._n 36._o allow_v for_o reasonable_a aid_n which_o before_o the_o statute_n be_v uncertain_a to_o be_v take_v by_o lord_n for_o the_o make_n of_o their_o elder_a son_n knight_n or_o for_o the_o marriage_n of_o their_o elder_a daughter_n be_v think_v sufficient_a before_o that_o statute_n they_o be_v both_o near_a a_o kin_n both_o reasonable_a and_o yet_o uncertain_a at_o the_o will_n of_o the_o lord_n pity_v it_o be_v that_o no_o statute_n have_v redress_v the_o uncertainty_n of_o copiholders_n fines_n which_o be_v redress_v in_o the_o other_o case_n it_o be_v observe_v by_o sir_n edward_n cook_n that_o certainty_n the_o mother_n of_o quiet_a and_o concord_n be_v establish_v therein_o which_o see_v in_o his_o comment_n upon_o the_o same_o statute_n page_n 232._o but_o copiholder_n they_o be_v still_o leave_v to_o their_o suit_n with_o their_o lord_n to_o avoid_v these_o outrageous_a and_o excessive_a fine_n wherein_o they_o may_v find_v by_o experience_n those_o old_a verse_n cite_v there_o true_a come_v pair_v luctari_fw-la dubium_fw-la cum_fw-la procere_fw-la stultum_fw-la cum_fw-la puero-poena_a cum_fw-la muliere_fw-la pudor_fw-la in_o english_a with_o equal_n strife's_n not_o sure_a with_o great_a one_o vain_a shame_v with_o a_o woman_n with_o a_o child_n it_o be_v pain_n they_o may_v find_v the_o remedy_n by_o law_n also_o no_o better_o than_o the_o disease_n when_o the_o chancellor_n or_o judge_n before_o who_o the_o reasonableness_n depend_v to_o be_v determine_v be_v themselves_o lord_n of_o such_o copiholder_n and_o bias_v with_o their_o own_o interest_n and_o concernment_n and_o can_v be_v take_v for_o such_o saint_n as_o that_o pope_n be_v of_o who_o 8._o h._n 6.20_o b._n rolfe_n tell_v the_o tale_n but_o name_v he_o not_o that_o have_v commit_v a_o great_a offence_n and_o be_v tell_v by_o the_o cardinal_n that_o he_o have_v sin_v he_o bid_v they_o judge_n he_o who_o say_v they_o can_v not_o because_o he_o be_v head_n of_o the_o church_n bid_v he_o judge_v himself_o who_o according_o adjudge_v himself_o to_o be_v burn_v and_o be_v burn_v and_o afterward_o saint_v indeed_o it_o can_v be_v think_v that_o they_o will_v give_v judgement_n against_o their_o own_o proper_a interest_n and_o concernment_n and_o therefore_o where_o any_o modern_a precedent_n or_o report_n approve_v or_o allow_v excessive_a fine_n and_o consequent_o oppression_n shall_v be_v produce_v it_o may_v just_o detract_v from_o their_o weight_n and_o credit_n if_o the_o judge_n be_v upon_o the_o matter_n concern_v as_o in_o their_o own_o case_n the_o rule_n put_v by_o sir_n edward_n cook_n in_o his_o comment_n upon_o lit._n and_o in_o his_o 4_o report_n f._n 27._o b._n before_o cite_v and_o in_o godfrey_n case_n in_o his_o 11_o report_n f._n 44._o say_v by_o he_o to_o be_v adjudge_v in_o stallon_n and_o willow_n case_v aforesaid_a which_o be_v quam_fw-la rationabilis_fw-la debet_fw-la esse_fw-la finis_fw-la non_fw-la desinitur_fw-la sed_fw-la omnibus_fw-la circumstantiis_fw-la inspectis_fw-la pendet_fw-la ex_fw-la justiciariorum_fw-la discrecone_fw-it how_o reasonable_a the_o fine_a aught_o to_o be_v be_v not_o define_v but_o all_o circumstance_n consider_v it_o depend_v upon_o the_o discretion_n of_o the_o justice_n be_v frame_v by_o sir_n edward_n cook_n himself_o and_o ground_v by_o he_o upon_o another_o rule_n in_o bracton_n b._n 2._o f._n 3â—_n â—_o c._n 22._o touch_v time_n of_o prescription_n which_o be_v quam_fw-la longum_fw-la debet_fw-la esse_fw-la tempus_fw-la non_fw-la definitur_fw-la in_o jure_fw-la sed_fw-la ex_fw-la justiciariorum_fw-la discrecone_fw-it how_o long_o the_o time_n ought_v to_o be_v be_v not_o define_v by_o law_n but_o depend_v upon_o the_o discretion_n of_o the_o justice_n &_o mutatis_fw-la mutandis_fw-la apply_v to_o this_o case_n and_o as_o to_o this_o point_n ow_v he_o for_o the_o sole_a author_n but_o whether_o apt_o apply_v in_o this_o case_n may_v worthy_o be_v question_v for_o where_o the_o judge_n be_v direct_o or_o indirect_o concern_v in_o another_o man_n case_n depend_v in_o judgement_n before_o he_o you_o may_v well_o imagine_v which_o way_n the_o bias_n will_v carry_v he_o upon_o read_v the_o 2_o chap._n treason_n stat._n 25._o edw._n 3._o of_o treason_n of_o sir_n edward_n cook_n his_o plea_n of_o the_o crown_n page_n 22._o upon_o the_o word_n specify_v in_o the_o statute_n of_o 25._o edw._n 3._o of_o treason_n which_o he_o will_v have_v to_o be_v special_o observe_v and_o to_o signify_v perticularize_v and_o set_v down_o particulary_a and_o that_o nothing_o be_v leave_v to_o the_o construction_n of_o the_o judge_n what_o shall_v be_v say_v to_o be_v treason_n if_o it_o be_v not_o specify_v and_o particularise_v by_o that_o act_n which_o he_o further_o note_v to_o be_v a_o happy_a sanctuary_n or_o place_n of_o refuge_n for_o judge_n to_o fly_v unto_o that_o no_o man_n blood_n and_o ruin_n of_o his_o family_n do_v lie_v upon_o their_o conscience_n against_o law_n and_o that_o if_o construction_n by_o argument_n Ã _fw-la simili_fw-la or_o Ã _fw-la minori_fw-la ad_fw-la majus_fw-la have_v be_v leave_v to_o the_o judge_n the_o mischief_n before_o that_o statute_n will_v have_v remain_v viz_o diversity_n of_o opinion_n what_o shall_v be_v treason_n and_o what_o not_o which_o that_o statute_n take_v away_o by_o express_a word_n may_v be_v gather_v what_o a_o inconveniency_n it_o be_v to_o leave_v thing_n to_o the_o construction_n and_o discretion_n of_o judge_n which_o very_a inconvenience_n fall_v out_o by_o leave_v it_o to_o their_o discretion_n upon_o demurrer_n or_o upon_o evidence_n to_o a_o jury_n upon_o the_o confession_n or_o proof_n of_o the_o yearly_a value_n of_o the_o land_n to_o determine_v whether_o the_o fine_n demand_v of_o copiholder_n be_v reasonable_a or_o not_o and_o a_o hard_a case_n it_o be_v for_o copiholder_n if_o they_o must_v be_v fine_v according_a to_o the_o rack_n value_v of_o their_o copyhold_n estate_n at_o the_o lord_n will_v or_o the_o judge_n who_o for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v themselves_o lord_n of_o manor_n since_o the_o lord_n give_v nothing_o but_o their_o breath_n for_o their_o money_n as_o be_v say_v before_o and_o see_v of_o late_a year_n their_o fine_n have_v be_v raise_v to_o such_o a_o excessive_a height_n whereby_o the_o say_n of_o hill_n in_o the_o great_a case_n of_o the_o honour_n of_o gloucester_n 14._o h._n 4.9_o cite_v upon_o this_o occasion_n in_o godfrey_n case_n cook_n be_v 11._o report_n sol_fw-mi 44._o that_o a_o fine_a at_o the_o will_n of_o the_o lord_n be_v a_o oppression_n to_o the_o people_n be_v full_o verify_v the_o vulgar_a objection_n that_o copiholder_n be_v but_o tenant_n at_o will_n and_o that_o they_o have_v their_o estate_n original_o upon_o that_o condition_n to_o be_v fineable_a at_o the_o lord_n will_v and_o that_o the_o value_n of_o the_o land_n be_v high_a now_o than_o in_o ancient_a time_n when_o their_o estate_n be_v first_o grant_v to_o their_o ancestor_n be_v no_o good_a reason_n to_o warrant_v such_o excessive_a fine_n as_o have_v be_v exact_v these_o last_o age_n for_o custom_n and_o continuance_n have_v fix_v a_o inheritance_n in_o their_o estate_n b._n cook_n 4_o report_n 21._o cook_n 9_o report_n 76._o b._n and_o make_v the_o same_o discendable_a to_o their_o heir_n so_o as_o they_o be_v not_o bare_a tenant_n at_o will_n 61._o cook_n 1_o report_n 22_o 21.21_o edw._n 4.80_o b._n brian_n cook_n upon_o lit._n f._n 61._o but_o have_v estate_n of_o inheritance_n and_o actionr_n of_o trospass_n be_v maintainable_a against_o their_o lord_n by_o they_o and_o if_o their_o estate_n be_v original_o grant_v upon_o any_o such_o pretend_a

the_o copy-holders_n plea_n against_o the_o excess_n of_o fines_n uncertain_a exact_v of_o they_o by_o their_o lord_n upon_o their_o admittance_n london_n print_v by_o peter_n cole_n in_o leaden-hall_n and_o be_v to_o be_v sell_v at_o his_o shop_n at_o the_o sign_n of_o the_o printing-press_a in_o cornhill_n near_o the_o royal_a exchange_n 165â—_n 1654._o the_o copyholder_n plea_n against_o the_o excess_n of_o fine_n uncertain_a exact_v of_o they_o by_o their_o lord_n upon_o their_o admittance_n it_o be_v agree_v of_o all_o hand_n that_o 44._o that_o cook_n upon_o littl._n f._n 60._o cook_n 11._o report_n 44._o all_o excessiveness_n be_v abhor_v in_o law_n and_o that_o b._n that_o cook_n upon_o lit._n f._n 59_o b_o cook_n 4_o rep._n 27._o b._n where_o the_o fine_a be_v uncertain_a yet_o it_o must_v be_v reasonable_a and_o so_o do_v the_o plead_v of_o the_o custom_n whereby_o such_o a_o fine_a be_v allege_v to_o be_v due_a to_o the_o lord_n plain_o show_v as_o may_v be_v see_v in_o the_o new_a book_n of_o entry_n f._n 646._o b._n in_o the_o title_n to_o trespass_n whether_o then_o 3_o year_n value_n 2_o year_n value_v a_o year_n and_o a_o half_a or_o a_o year_n value_v at_o a_o rack_n rent_n or_o those_o fine_n exact_v by_o lord_n in_o those_o latter_a age_n may_v be_v think_v to_o be_v reasonable_a be_v now_o to_o be_v discuss_v for_o the_o true_a understanding_n of_o which_o this_o difference_n be_v to_o be_v well_o observe_v viz._n between_o voluntary_a grant_n of_o coppyhold_n estate_n forfeit_v or_o escheat_v and_o grant_v again_o the_o nono_fw-la by_o the_o lord_n and_o admittance_n upon_o surrender_n to_o the_o use_n of_o another_o or_o of_o the_o heiâ—_n upon_o a_o descent_n in_o the_o first_o case_n the_o lord_n may_v take_v what_o fine_a he_o please_v upon_o admittance_n be_v both_o donor_n and_o instrument_n to_o perfect_v his_o own_o grant_n for_o there_o it_o be_v true_o say_v arbitrio_fw-la dominire_n aestimari_fw-la debet_fw-la that_o the_o thing_n be_v to_o be_v estimate_v at_o the_o lord_n or_o owner_n will._n but_o in_o the_o other_o case_n the_o lord_n be_v but_o a_o instrument_n to_o perfect_v the_o surrender_n or_o the_o heir_n estate_n descend_v to_o he_o the_o lord_n grant_v nor_o do_v nothing_o but_o what_o he_o be_v compelable_a to_o do_v by_o the_o purchaser_n or_o heir_n who_o be_v in_o by_o he_o which_o make_v the_o surrender_n or_o the_o ancester_n respective_o after_o admittance_n and_o not_o by_o the_o lord_n and_o therefore_o shall_v not_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o charge_n or_o encumbrance_n of_o the_o lord_n and_o also_o the_o admittance_n of_o a_o disseisor_n or_o other_o lord_n which_o have_v no_o good_a but_o a_o defeasible_a estate_n and_o interest_n in_o the_o manor_n case_n cook_n 4_o rep._n 27_o b._n taverner_n and_o cromwel_n case_n &_o 28._o b._n in_o westwicks_n and_o wyers_n case_n shall_v bind_v he_o which_o have_v right_o after_o that_o he_o have_v recontinue_a the_o mamnor_n by_o action_n or_o entry_n in_o such_o case_n otherwise_o it_o be_v of_o voluntary_a grant_n make_v by_o a_o desseisor_n or_o tenant_n by_o sufferance_n of_o a_o manor_n case_n manor_n cook_n 4._o rep._n 24._o rous_n and_o arters_n case_n as_o may_v be_v see_v in_o chudleigh_v case_n cook_n be_v 1_v rep._n 140._o b._n and_o in_o clark_n and_o penifather_n case_n cook_n 4._o rep._n f._n 23._o b._n and_o 24._o where_o the_o earl_n of_o arundels_n case_n t._n 17._o el._n dy._n 343._o be_v cite_v and_o several_a good_a case_n put_v upon_o this_o difference_n omit_v therefore_o voluntary_a grant_n upon_o escheat_n or_o forfeiture_n and_o to_o speak_v only_o of_o admittance_n upon_o surrender_n and_o descent_n where_o the_o lord_n give_v nothing_o nothing_o pass_v from_o he_o he_o be_v only_o a_o instrument_n and_o compellable_n to_o admit_v and_o the_o party_n admit_v be_v not_o in_o by_o he_o but_o by_o he_o which_o make_v the_o surrender_n or_o his_o ancestor_n how_o can_v a_o full_a year_n rack_v rend_v or_o those_o fine_n now_o exact_v and_o take_v upon_o such_o admittance_n in_o latter_a age_n be_v deem_v or_o think_v to_o be_v equal_a or_o reasonable_a in_o the_o new_a book_n of_o entry_n in_o the_o title_n before_o cite_v p._n 3._o fol._n 644._o b._n you_o shall_v find_v that_o famous_a case_n adjudge_v in_o the_o common_a plea_n p._n 6._o jacob_n rot._n 1468._o upon_o a_o demurrer_n as_o be_v say_v there_o fol._n 617._o b._n the_o case_n be_v between_o stallon_n plaintiff_n and_o brady_n servant_n of_o thomas_n willow_n lord_n of_o the_o manor_n of_o fendiâ—ton_n in_o the_o county_n of_o cambridge_n defendant_n in_o which_o the_o fine_a of_o five_o pound_n six_o shilling_n and_o eight_o penny_n demand_v by_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o plaintiff_n who_o be_v purchasor_n for_o his_o admittance_n to_o a_o coppyhold_n cottage_n and_o a_o acre_n of_o pasture_n let_v at_o two_o pound_n thirteen_o shilling_n and_o four_o penny_n which_o be_v two_o year_n value_v at_o a_o rack_n rend_v be_v adjudge_v a_o unreasonable_a fine_a and_o in_o the_o report_n of_o that_o case_n it_o be_v to_o be_v see_v that_o the_o lord_n cook_n be_v then_o chief_a justice_n say_v that_o for_o the_o lord_n of_o a_o manor_n to_o demand_v of_o his_o copyholder_n two_o year_n profit_v for_o his_o fine_a for_o his_o admittance_n it_o be_v a_o damnable_a thing_n and_o justice_n walmse_o say_v that_o it_o be_v worse_a than_o extortion_n and_o warberton_n that_o it_o be_v a_o lamentable_a case_n daniel_n and_o foster_n justice_n say_v if_o mean_v lord_n may_v take_v such_o unreasonable_a fine_n it_o will_v overthrow_v all_o the_o estate_n of_o copyholder_n which_o be_v a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o that_o upon_o deliberation_n they_o all_o agree_v in_o one_o that_o copyholder_n be_v to_o be_v compare_v unto_o land_n that_o be_v hold_v in_o capite_fw-la upon_o sale_n whereof_o if_o a_o licence_n of_o alienation_n be_v sue_v forth_o there_o be_v pay_v to_o the_o king_n but_o a_o three_o part_n of_o one_o year_n profit_n and_o say_v they_o can_v see_v no_o reason_n that_o a_o mean_a lord_n shall_v have_v any_o more_o for_o a_o admittance_n to_o any_o copyhold_n for_o the_o lord_n do_v but_o give_v a_o breath_n for_o his_o money_n and_o do_v neither_o add_v nor_o diminish_v any_o thing_n to_o or_o from_o himself_o but_o in_o case_n where_o a_o three_o part_n of_o one_o year_n profit_n have_v not_o be_v pay_v for_o a_o fine_a than_o they_o hold_v the_o great_a fine_n that_o have_v be_v pay_v to_o be_v a_o reasonable_a fine_a and_o no_o more_o this_o case_n be_v observable_a and_o very_o worthy_a of_o our_o notice_n as_o come_v near_o to_o the_o ancient_a precedent_n of_o fines_n take_v in_o former_a age_n appear_v in_o the_o court_n roll_n of_o manor_n where_o they_o be_v true_o keep_v and_o not_o imbezile_v as_o in_o too_o many_o place_n they_o be_v to_o the_o great_a injury_n of_o copyholder_n who_o either_o by_o the_o wilful_a or_o negligent_a keep_n of_o those_o roll_n be_v many_o time_n deprive_v of_o those_o advantage_n and_o remedy_n which_o otherwise_o they_o may_v have_v against_o the_o exaction_n and_o usurpation_n of_o their_o lord_n both_o of_o fines_n and_o herriot_n and_o otherwise_o for_o before_o these_o hundred_o year_n last_o pass_v or_o thereabouts_o there_o never_o do_v arise_v any_o question_n or_o controversy_n about_o the_o reasonableness_n of_o copyholder_n fine_n which_o do_v appear_v so_o moderate_a be_v they_o before_o that_o the_o copyholder_n have_v then_o no_o cause_n to_o complain_v in_o that_o particular_a and_o the_o case_n and_o controversy_n upon_o that_o question_n in_o our_o book_n or_o report_n be_v but_o of_o late_a time_n action_n upon_o the_o case_n for_o word_n be_v not_o so_o rare_a in_o our_o year_n book_n as_o this_o question_n about_o the_o reasonableness_n of_o copyholder_n fine_n the_o fine_n ancient_o take_v be_v indeed_o but_o very_o small_a and_o inconsiderable_a rather_o gratuity_n and_o acknowledgement_n give_v to_o the_o lord_n for_o their_o steward_n wage_n and_o charge_n in_o keep_v of_o those_o court_n at_o which_o the_o copyholder_n have_v their_o admittance_n than_o out_o of_o any_o reference_n or_o respect_n have_v to_o the_o rack_n rent_n of_o the_o copyhold_n the_o improvement_n whereof_o by_o building_n or_o good_a husbandry_n and_o by_o the_o industry_n and_o charge_n of_o the_o tenant_n can_v in_o no_o reason_n be_v think_v to_o be_v a_o good_a consideration_n for_o the_o lord_n to_o ask_v a_o high_a fine_n the_o lord_n bear_v no_o share_n at_o all_o either_o in_o the_o cost_v or_o pain_n in_o the_o improvement_n and_o therefore_o that_o vulgar_a objection_n make_v for_o the_o justification_n of_o excessive_a fine_n take_v in_o these_o day_n because_o of_o the_o yearly_a value_n of_o

Selected quad for the lemma: land_n

Text snippets containing the quad