the beginning was in some distresse vntill Athelstane stepped in betwéene his father and Leofred and wounded the Dane in the arme in such sort that he being not able to hold his speare was soone taken and committed to the custodie of Athelstane In the meane time Edmund and Edred incountring with Gruffyth slew him and brought his head to their father Then Athelstane caused Leofred to be headed and so both their heads were set vp together on the top of the towre of Chester and Edward and his sonnes returned home with great triumph Then Edward after he had builded Glademutham died at Ferandyne whose sonne named Alfred died also the same time at Oxford and were buried both at Winchester Anno 924. After whose death Adelstane his base son reigned King of England which was the woorthiest prince of Saxon bloud that euer reigned He did ouercome Cudfryd the father of Reynald King of the Danes at Yorke He gathered also the second yeare of his reigne a great armie against Hawlaf King of Ireland who came with the whole power of the Scots and Danes against him and gaue him battell at Brimestburie where Adelstan gate the victorie and slue the said king Hawlaf and the king of Scots and fiue kings of the Danes and Normanes and twelue Earles so that he brought all the land of England and Scotland in subiection to him which none of his predecessors had euer attempted The yeare 933. Owen the sonne of Gruffyth was slaine by the men of Caerdigan Then Adelstan did enter Wales with a great armie and brought the kings of the countrie to subiection and receiued yearelie of tribute 20. pound in gold and 300. pound in siluer and 200. head of cattell yet the lawes of Howel Dha appointed to the king of Aberfraw to paie yearelie to the king of London no more but 66. pound for a tribute and that the prince of Dinevwre and the prince of Powys should paie a like summe 66. pound yearelie to the king of Aberfraw To this Adelstan the kings of Norwaie and France did send great and rich gifts to winne his friendship and good will In the yeare 936. died Evneth the sonne of Clydawc and Meyric the sonne of Cadelh At this time also Adelstan did remooue the Brytaines that dwelt in Excester and thereaboutes to Cornewale and appointed the riuer Cambia to be the vtter mere towards England as he had before appointed the riuer Wy to be the mere of England and Wales In the yeare of Christ 939. the noble prince Adelstan died and was buried at Malmesburie and his brother Edmund borne in wedlocke reigned in his place who in the first yeare of his reigne wan fiue cities from the Danes Leycester Darby Stafford Lincolne and Notingham Then Aulafe King of the Danes sent to Edmund to desire peace and baptisme which Edmund granted vnto him and so the Danes which then were called Normanes tooke first the christian faith Edmund being their godfather who making peace with them returned to Westsex with much honor This yeare died Abloic chiefe King of Ireland The yeare following Cadelh the sonne of Arthvael a noble Brytaine was imprisoned and Edwal Voel the sonne of Anarawd and Elise his brother were slaine in a battell which they fought against the Danes and Englishmen This Edwal had sixe sonnes Meyric Ieuaf or Ieuan Iago which is Iames Conan Edwal Vachan and Roderike After whose death Howel Dha his coosen germane ruled all Wales for his life time Elise also had issue Conan and a daughter named Trawst which was mother to Conan ap Sitsylht Gruffyth ap Sitsylht and Blethyn ap Convyn which two last were afterward princes of Wales Howel Dha Howel Dha cousen germane to Edwal Voel Howel Dha king or prince of all Wales perceiuing the lawes and customes of his countrie to haue growne vnto great abuse sent for the Archbishop of Meneuia and all the other Bishops and chiefe of the cleargie to the number of 140. prelates and all the Barons and nobles of Wales and caused sixe men of the wisest and best estéemed in euerie Comote to be called before him whome he commanded to méete all together at his house called Y Tuy gwyn ar Taf that is The white house vpon the riuer Taf. Thither he came himselfe and there remained with those his nobles prelates and subiects all the Lent in praier and fasting crauing the assistance and direction of Gods holy spirit that he might reforme the lawes and customes of the countrie of Wales to the honor of God and the quiet gouernement of the people About the end of Lent he chose out of that companie twelue men of the wisest grauest and of the greatest experience to whome he added one clearke or doctor of the lawes named Blegored a singular learned and perfect wise man These had in charge to examine the old lawes and customes of Wales and to gather out of those such as were méete for the gouernement of the countrie which they did reteining those that were wholesome and profitable expounding those that were doubtfull and ambiguous and abrogating those that were superfluous and hurtfull and so ordeined thrée sorts of lawes The first of the ordering of the kings or princes houshold and his court The second of the affaires of the countrie and common wealth The third of the speciall customes belonging to particular places and persons Of all the which being read allowed and proclamed he caused thrée seuerall bookes to be written one for his dailie vse to follow his court another to lie in his palace at Aberffraw and the third at Dinevowr that all the thrée prouinces of Wales might haue the vse of the same when néede required And for the better obseruation of these lawes he caused the Archbishop of S. Dauids to denounce sentence of excommunication against all such of his subiects as refused to obeie the same Within a while after Howel because he would omit nothing that could procure countenance and authoritie to his said lawes went to Rome taking with him the Archbishop of S. Dauids the Bishops of Bangor and S. Asaph and thirtéene other of the learnedst and wisest men in Wales where the said lawes being recited before the Pope were by his authoritie confirmed then hauing finished his deuout pilgrimage and emptied his purse he returned home againe with his companie 1 By these lawes they might not morgage their lands but to one of the same familie or kindred which were De eadem parentela 2 Euerie tenant holding of anie other than of the prince or lord of the fée paid a fine Pro defensione regia which was called Arian ardhel in Latine Aduocarij 3 No legacie of goods by will was good otherwise than those which were giuen to the church to the lord of the fée or for paiment of debts 4 Euerie man might distraine as well for debts as for rent of lands anie goods or cattell sauing horsses which were counted to
yeare folowing Owen the sonne of Gruffyth ap Meredyth named Owen Cyuelioc and Owen ap Madoc ap Meredyth got the castell of Carrechoua by Oswestrie and wasted it About the same time there was a combate fought betweene Robert Mountfort and Henrie de Essex to trie which of them had begun the flight in the voiage against the Welshmen in the marches Either of them accused the other but in the triall Henrie was ouercome and afterward disinherited shauen a moonke at Redding Then the king gathered a great power against Southwales and came himselfe as farre as Pencadayr beside Brechnock where Rees came to him and did him homage and gaue him pledges and then the king went to Ireland againe About this time Eneon the sonne of Anarawd ap Gruffyth nephue to prince Rees was murthered in his bed by a man of his owne named Lhywarch Also Cadogan ap Meredyth was slaine after the like maner by one Walter ap Riccart Then the lord Rees as he is called in Welsh or king Rees as the Latine authors name him tooke the Cantref Mawr which is a great countrie and the land of Dynevowr and enioied it And this yeare died Cadiuor ap Daniel Archdeacon of Caerdigan and Henrie ap Arthen which was the worthiest clerke that had beene manie yeares in Wales The yeare ensuing the lord Rees seeing he was not able to maintaine his estate with such lands as the king had appointed him entred the lands of Roger de Clare Earle of Glocester for by the Earles means was his nephue murthered and wanne the castels of Aberheidol and of the sonnes of Wynyaon rased them And so in short time he brought all Caerdigan to his subiection from thence he made manie roades against the Flemings and got great spoiles in their countrie Then all VVales agreed to forsake the rule of the Normanes whose treason and crueltie they could not abide and to serue princes of their owne nation This yeare Hamelyn base brother to king Henrie maried the Countesse of VVarren which was wife to VVilliam Earle of Egle base sonne to king Stephen and daughter and heire to VVilliam Earle VVarren Also this yeare died VValter Gifford Earle of Buckingham without heire therefore the Earledome fell to the kings hands In the yeare 1165. Dauid the sonne of Owen prince of Northwales did destroie all Flynt shire which was the kings and caried all the people and cattell with him to the Dyffryn Cloyd now called Ruthyn land Which thing when the king vnderstood he leuied an armie in hast and came to succour his castels and people as far as Ruthlan and after he had laine there three daies and could do no good he returned to England where he gathered another armie of chosen men through all his dominions as England Normandie Aniow Gascoine Gwyen sending for succours from Flanders and Brytaine then returned towards Northwales minding vtterlie to destroie all that had life in the land and comming to Croes Oswalt called Oswaldstree incamped there On the contrarie side prince Owen and his brother Cadwalader with all the power of Northwales and the lord Rees with the power of Southwales Owen Cynelioc and the sonnes of Madoc ap Meredyth with the power of Powys and the two sonnes of Madoc ap Ednerth with the people betwixt Wye and Seauerne gathered themselues togither and came to Corwen in Edeyrneon purposing to defend their countrie But the king vnderstanding that they were so nigh being wonderfull desirous of battel came to the riuer Ceireoc and caused the woods to be hewen downe Wherevpon a number of the VVelshmen vnderstanding the passage vnknowing to their captaines met with the kings ward where were placed the piked men of all the armie and there began a hote skirmish where diuerse worthie men were slaine on either side but in the end the king wanne the passage and came to the mountaine of Berwyn where he laie in campe certaine daies and so both the armies stood in awe each of other for the king kept the open plaines and was affraid to be intrapped in straits but the VVelshmen watched for the aduantage of the place kept the king so straitlie that neither forrage nor victuall might come to his camp neither durst anie soldiour stirre abroad And to augment these miseries there fell such raine that the kings men could scant stand vpon their feete vpon those slipperie hilles In the end the king was compelled to returne home without his purpose that with great losse of men and munition besides his charges Therefore in a great choler he caused the pledges eies whom he had receiued long before that to be put out which were Rees and Cadwalhon the sonnes of Owen and Cynwric and Meredyth the sonnes of Rees and other I find also written by diuers that in the assieging of a bridge the king was in no small danger of his life for one of the Weshmen shooting directlie at him had persed him through the bodie if Hubert de S. Clere constable of Colchester perceiuing the arrow comming had not thrust him selfe betwixt the King and the same arrow whereby he saued his maister and died himselfe for him presentlie Although Polydor writing the historie out of the same authors doo conceale the same Then after long consultation the king came the third time towards Northwales intending to haue his armie conueied by sea to land in some conuenient place of the countrie and so he came to Chester and there laie a certeine time till all his nauie was gathered togither aswell hired ships of Ireland as his owne and vpon the sudden he brake vp his campe and gaue both ships and men leaue to depart The same yeare Rees prince of Southwales laid siege to the castell of Aberteiui and wan it and made it flat with the ground and likewise wan Cilgerran rased it At which time he tooke prisoner Robert the sonne of Stephen his coosen germane sonne to Nest his aunt who after the death of Gerald had maried Stephen constable and so returned home with great honor and rich spoile About the same time died Lhewelyn sonne to prince Owen a worthie gentleman and of great towardnesse In the yeare ensuing the Flemings and Normanes came to Westwales with a great power against the castell of Cilgerran which Rees had fortified and laid siege to it assaulting it diuerse times but it was so manfullie defended that they returned home as they came and shortlie after they came before it againe where they lost manie of their best men and then departed againe The same yeare Owen prince of Northwales laid siege to the castell of Basygwerke which the king had fortified and in short time wan the same and rased it About the same time Dermot the son of Murchart was chased out of his dominion in Ireland and went to Normandie to king Henrie for succour Also Iorwerth Goch was spoiled of his lands in Powys by
London denied him iustice vnlesse he would be iudged according to the English lawes in the said matter 2 All iniuries trespasses and faults on either part doone be clearelie remitted vnto this present daie This article was not kept for that as soone as the lord Reginald Gray was made Iustice he mooued diuers and innumerable accusations against the men of Tegengl Ros for trespasses doone in the time of king Henrie when they bare rule in those parties wherby the said men dare not for feare kéepe their own houses 3 Where as it was agréed that Rees Vachan ap Rees ap Maelgon shall enioie his possessions with all the land which he now holdeth c. After the peace concluded he was spoiled of his lands of Geneu'rglyn which he then held with the men and cattell of the same 4 Also our lord the king granteth that all tenants holding lands in the foure Cantreds and in other places which the king holdeth in his owne hands shall hold and enioie the same as fréelie as they did before the time of the warres and shall vse the same liberties customes which they vsed before Contrarie to this article the lord Reginald Gray hath brought manie new customes against the forme of peace aforesaid 5 All controuersies mooued or to be mooued betwixt the Prince and anie other shall be decided after the lawe of the marches if they haue their beginning in the marches and after the lawes of Wales such as in Wales haue their beginning Contrarie to this article the king dooth and sendeth Iustices to Anglesey who presume to iudge there the men and subiects of the Prince setting fines vpon them contrarie to the lawes of Wales séeing neither this nor anie like was euer heard in times past imprisoning some outlawing others when the Prince is at all times readie to doo iustice to all men that complaine vpon anie of his men 6 Where it is in the peace that Gruffyth Vachan should doo homage to the king for the land in Yale to the Prince for the land in Ederneon the kings iustices brought the ladie of Maylor into all the said lands of Edeyrneon The knowledge of which cause onelie pertained to the Prince and not to the said Iustices and yet for peace sake the Prince did tollerate all this being at all times readie to minister iustice to the said Ladie 7 And though the said Prince submitted himselfe vnto vs and our will yet we neuerthelesse will and grant that our will in no case goo furder than is conteined in those articles Contrarie to this article gold was exacted for the Quéenes workes at euerie paiment made to the King which gold was neuer demanded in time of king Henrie or anie other king of England Which gold yet for quietnes sake the Prince paid though it were not spoken of or mentioned in the peace And now further it is exacted for the old Quéene the kings mother that now is for the peace concluded with king Henrie 2000. marks and a halfe and vnlesse it be paid the king threatneth to occupie the goods and lands of Lhewelyn and his people which he could find in his realme and sell men and beasts vntill the said summe were paid 8 Item when the king inuited the Prince to his feast at Worcester promising with verie faire words that he would giue his kinsewoman to him to wife and enrich him with much honor neuerthelesse when he came thither the selfe same daie they should be maried before Masse the king required a bill to be sealed by the Prince conteining amongst other things that he would neuer kéepe man against the kings will nor neuer mainteine anie whereby it might come to passe that all the Princes force should be called from him The which letter sealed he deliuered the king by iust feare which might mooue anie constant man yet was not this conteined in the peace whereas the conclusion of the peace was that the king should require nothing that was not conteined in the same 9 Item where in the said peace all customes be confirmed to the said Prince as his ancestors of long and dailie obserued custome haue receiued to their owne vse all wrecks hapning vpon his owne lands the Iustice of Chester tooke a distresse of the Prince for goods of shipwrecke receiued by him before the warres contrarie to the forme of the said peace By the which all trespasses of either side were remitted and contrarie to the customes before said and if in case it were forfeited yet he tooke such a distresse fiftéene pounds of honie and manie horsses and imprisoned his men And this he tooke of the Princes owne proper goods and further tooke booties of Bagiers which came to Lyrpoole with merchandize and neuer redeliuered the same vntill he had taken so much monie for the same as it pleased him 10 Item when certeine men of Geneurglyn had taken certeine goods of some of their neighbors of Geneurglyn when they were in the dominion of the prince in Meyreon the kings men of Lhanbadarn did take awaie the said goods out of the said dominion of the Prince and when the Prince his men came thither and asked the cause why they tooke the said preie the kings men killed one of them and wounded other and the rest they did imprison neither could the prince get anie iustice for the said goods to this daie 11 And where it is conteined in the peace that all things committed in the Marches should be redressed in the Marches yet the kings men would no where heare the princes men but put them in the castell of Lhanbadarn which is against the peace afore said In these articles and diuers others the king standeth sworne to the prince and to his people And although the prince as well by himselfe as by his people haue often requested the king to cause the said peace to be kept yet was it in no point kept but dailie the kings Iustices doo more and more heape iniuries and griefs vpon the people of those parts So that it cannot be blamed if the Prince did assent to them that first began the wars séeing the oth which the lord Robert Typtost sware for the king was kept in no point and chéeflie séeing the Prince was forewarned that he should be taken so soone as the king came to Ruthlan as he had béene in déede if the king had come thither after Christmasse as he purposed These greefes folowing were done by the king and his officers to the lord Dauid ap Gruffyth WHen the said Dauid came to the lord Edward then Earle of Chester and did him homage the said lord Edward did giue by his letters patents to the said Dauid two Cantreds Dyffryncluyd and Ceinmeyrch with all the appurtenances afterward when he was made king he confirmed the said gift to the said Dauid and gaue him possession of them Then afterward Guenlhian Lacy died who held some townes in the said Cantreds for terme of life which after
when the other heard vpon their promise they were readie to follow so made readie a great nauie In the meane while Tosty entred Humber with 40. saile but Earle Edwyn met with him and put him to flight who as he failed toward Scotland met with Haroald king of Norwaie with 300. saile comming towards England and ioining with him they both entred Humber and hauing landed their armie they came to Yorke where both Earles Edwyn Marcher gaue them battell vpon the south part of the towne but Haroald and Tosty bare awaie the victorie and spoiled the citie then marched forwards toward Stamfordbridge where Haroald king of England and all his power did meete with them And after a long fight manie valiant acts atchieued on both sides euen from morning till noone at what time the Norwaies began to retire backe ouer the water one of them worthie not to be forgotten kept the passage vpon the bridge with his axe against all the armie of England till three of the clock and slew 40. men but at the last one got vnder the bridge and with his speare gaue him his deaths wound through the bridge Then the armie passed ouer the bridge and put the Norwaies to flight and slew Haroald their king and Tosty where not one man escaped of all the number that was not either killed or burned Then Haroald entred Yorke with great ioie and triumph as he sate at dinner there came a post who told him how Duke William was landed at Suwerhide and had fortified himself with a trench at Hastings With which tidings Haroald being nothing dismaied made expedition thitherward Where William diuiding his armie into fiue battels made a long oration vnto his soldiours wherein he declared the worthinesse of their forefathers the Danes and Norwaies aswell against the Englishmen which were neuer able to abide their force as against the Frenchmen and other nations and how they were accustomed to ouercome at all times being well horssed well armed and good archers had now to doo with a nation onelie taught to trust to their feete euill horssed vnarmed and such as knew not how to occupie their bowes Then he brought his people to the field but Haroald couched all his armie in one battell as nigh togither as they could well stand and so set vpon his enimies And after long fight William caused his men to retire as if they fled then the Englishmen folowed apase and brake their araie which when William perceiued he brought in a battell of fresh Normanes who entred Haroalds battell and fought so sore that Haroald was hurt with an arrow and afterward slaine and so the Englishmen left the Normanes both the field and the victorie The yeare folowing VVilliam passed the sea to Normandie then Edgar Edeling came out of Scotland to Yorke for the people of the countrie had slaine Robert to whome VVilliam had giuen that Earldome and 900. men with him and had receiued Edgar for their king But VVilliam returning from Normandie destroied all the North countrie and chased Edgar to Scotland againe Also Edrike Syluaticus the sonne of Alfrike Earle of Mercia refusing to submit himselfe as other had done when he saw that the king was departed to Normandie rose against such as were left in his absence to kéepe the land in obedience wherevpon those that laie in the castell of Hereford Richard fitz Scrope and others oftentimes inuaded his lands and wasted the goods of his tenants but as often as they came against him they alwaies lost some of their owne men at length he calling to his aid the kings of Wales Blethyn and Rywalhon wasted the countrie of Hereford euen to Wye bridge and then returned with a maruelous great spoile This yeare also being 1068. Meredyth and Ithel the sonnes of Gruffyth ap Lhewelyn raised a great power against Blethyn and Rywalhon kings of Northwales and met with them at a place called Mechain where after long fight there were slaine vpon the one part Ithel and vpon the other part Rywalhon and Meredyth put to flight whome Blethyn pursued so straightlie that he starued for cold and hunger vpon the mountaines and so Blethyn the sonne of Convyn remained the onlie king of Powys and Northwales About this time Swayne king of Denmarke and Osburne his brother came to Humber with 300. sailes and to them came Edgar Edeling and Earle VValtelfe who all together came to Yorke and wan the castell and laie that winter betwixt Ouse and Trent till the king came thither and chased the Danes to their ships and destroied the inhabitants of the countrie but Earle VValtheof he receiued to mercie At this time Caradoc sonne to Gruffyth ap Rytherch ap Iestyn caused a great number of Frenchmen for so the Brytish booke calleth the Normanes to enter Southwales to whom he ioined his power of Gwentland and gaue Meredyth the king of that countrie an ouerthrow and slue him vpon the riuer of Rympyn At the same time also Dermot Maken Anel the worthiest and noblest prince that euer ruled in Ireland was murthered The two Earles Edwyn and Marcher with Hereward gathered an armie against the king but Edwyn was slaine of his owne people and the other tooke the Ile of Elie which the king so sore besieged that he shortlie tooke Marcher and his complices but Hereward escaped his hands manfully whom the king folowed to Scotland made Malcolme king of the land his subiect and vassall Then after the king passed to Normandie and receiued Edgar Edeling to his mercie And about this time the Normanes did lead a great power to VVestwales by sea and destroied Dyuet and the countrie of Caerdigan and caried awaie much spoile and did so likewise the yeare folowing Bleythyd Bishop of Meneuia or S. Dauids died at this time and Sulien was Bishop in his place Not long after this time Radulph Earle of Eastangles conspired against the king with Roger Earle of Hereford Earle VValtheof at the mariage of the said Radulph with Rogers sister in Essex the matter was opened but it pleased not the rest Therefore Radulph tooke shipping in Norwich fled to Denmarke and the king suddenlie comming ouertooke VValtheof and Roger of whom VValtheof was beheaded Roger committed to prison the people all slaine among whom there were a great number of VVelshmen This Radulphs mother came out of VVales which was the cause of the Welshmens being there for Radulph sent for manie of his mothers friends and kinsmen to come to this marriage meaning through their aid and procurement to get the princes and people of VVales to ioine with him in this enterprise He also and his complices sent to Cnute king of Denmarke promising him the kingdome of England to aid him against VVilliam the bastard But William being aduertised of all these things ouerthrew all their deuises for by his sudden comming vppon them out of Normandie he
will of the people all his land sauing two castels Aberteiui and Stratmeyric which his brother Maelgon by the aid of Gwenwynwyn had wrongfullie taken from him Then his brother Maelgon fearing his displeasure tooke a solemne oth before noble and religious men which were about to make peace betwixt them that if his brother Gruffyth would giue him pledges for the assurance of his owne person he would deliuer him by a day the castell of Aberteiui whervpon Gruffyth did so But assoone as Maelgon got the pledges he fortified the castell manned it to his owne vse and sent the pledges to Gwenwynwyn who hated Gruffyth to the death there to be kept in prison But shortlie after by Gods helpe they brake the prison escaped home In the yeare 1199. Maelgon sonne to prince Rees laid siege to the castell of Dynerth and getting it slew all the garrison which his brother Gruffyth had left to defend it But at the same time Gruffyth wan the castell of Cilgerran and fortified it This yeare as king Richard did vew the castell of Chaleus in the countrie of Lenuoyle he was striken with a quarell and sore wounded whereof he died the ninth of April and left by his testament Iohn his brother inheritor of all his lands hauing no respect to his brother Geffreys son Arthur duke of Brytaine who being the sonne of the elder brother was his right heire Then this Iohn surnamed Without land was crowned king of England with great triumph wherfore the French king forth with made warre against him to whom Arthur duke of Brytaine cleaued thinking thereby to obtaine the crowne of England Also the king of Scots by meanes of Hugh Bygod came to Yorke and openlie sware fidelitie to the king of England The yeare after Gruffyth sonne to Conan ap Owen Gwyneth a noble man died and was buried in a moonks cowle at the Abbey of Conwy and so were all the nobles for the most part of that time buried for they were made to beleeue by the moonks and friers that that strange weed was a sure defense betwixt their soules and hell how so euer they died And all this baggage and superstition receiued they with moonks and friers a few yeres before that out of England For the first Abbey or frier house that we read of in Wales sith the destruction of the noble house of Bangor which sauored not of Romish dregges was the Tuy Gwyn built the yeare 1146. and after they swarmed like bees through all the countrie for then the Cleargie had forgotten the lesson that they had receiued of the noble Clerke Ambrosius Telesinus who writing in the yeare 540. when the right Christian faith which Ioseph of Aremathia taught at the Ile of Aualon reigned in this land before the proud and bloodthirstie moonke Augustine infected it with his Romish doctrine in a certaine Ode hath these verses Gwae'r offeiriad byd Nys angreifftia gwyd Ac ny phregetha Gwae ny cheidw ey gail Ac ef yn vigail Ac nys areilia Gwae ny theidw ey dheuaid Rhae bleidhie Rhufeniaid A'i ffon gnwppa Which may thus be Englished almost word for word Wo be to that priest yborne That will not cleanlie weed his corne And preach his charge among Wo be to that shepherd I saie That will not watch his fold alwaie As to his office doth belong Wo be to him that doth not keepe From Romish woolues his sheepe With staffe and weapon strong And because no man should doubt of them I haue set them here as they were written by him that made them Whereby it may be proued that the Brytaines the first inhabiters of this realme did abhorre the Romish doctrine taught in that time which doctrine I am sure is litle amended now in the church of Rome and that may be to vs a mirrour to see our owne follie if we doo degenerate from our forefathers the ancient Brytaines in the sinceritie of true religion as we doo in other things This yeare Maelgon ap Rees seeing he could not well keepe Aberteiui of verie spite to his brother and hatred to his countrie sold it to the Englishmen for a small summe of monie being the keie and locke of all Wales The same yeare Madoc the sonne of Gruffyth Maylor lord of Bromfild did build the abbie of Lhanegwest called in English commonlie Vale crucis This yeare also king Iohn made peace with the French king and Arthur duke of Brytaine his nephue and married Isabel daughter and heire vnto the Earle of Angolisme which was before assured vnto Hugh de Brune Uicount of Carce wherefore the said Hugh forsooke king Iohn and became his enimie This Hugh Brune Earle of March and Turyn had this Isabel to wife after the death of king Iohn by whome he had issue William de Valence who in the right of Ione his wife daughter and heire of Warren Montchensey and of Ione the eldest daughter and one of the heires of William Earle Marshall and Penbrooke was Earle of Penbrooke as in this historie hereafter doth appeare The yeare 1201. Lhewelyn ap Iorwerth prince of Northwales being a lustie yoong man banished out of the land his coosen Meredyth the sonne of Conan ap Owen Gwyneth suspected of treason and seased the Cantref of Lhyyn and Euyonyth to his owne hands which were Conans land Then shortlie after Meredyth the sonne of prince Rees was slaine at Carnwilhion by treason whose elder brother Gruffyth seased vpon his castell in Lhanymdhyfri and all his lands This Gruffyth was a wise and discreet gentleman and one that was like to bring all Southwales to good order and obedience who in all things folowed his fathers steppes whom as he succeeded in gouernment so he did in all martiall prowes and nobilitie of mind but cruell fortune which frowned vpon that countrie suffered him not long to enioy his land This prince died vpon S. Iames daie ensuing and was buried at Stratflur with great solemnitie he left behind him a son called Rees as right inheritor of Southwales whose mother was Mawd the daughter of William de Bruse Also this yeare died Arthur duke of Brytaine at Roane not without suspicion of poison ministred by his vncles meanes who caused his sister Elianor to be conueied to England and to be kept in prison miserablie in the castell of Brystow as long as she liued Then the French king got all Normandie sauing Roane and two castels by treason of the Normanes who hated Iohn to the death The next yeare after that certeine lords of Wales got the castell of Gwerthrynion which was Roger Mortimers and made it plaine with the ground Then Lhewelyn ap Iorwerth prince of Northwales calling to memorie his estate and title and how all the other princes by the ordinance of Roderike the Great and after by the lawes of Howel Dha ought of right to acknowledge the king or prince of Northwales as their liege lord and hold
their lands of him and of none other notwithstanding that of late yeares by negligence of his predecessors they had not vsed their accustomed dutie but some held of the king of England other ruled as supreme powers within their owne countries Therefore he called a Parliament of all the lords in Wales which for the most part appeared before him swore to be his liegemen but Gwenwynwyn lord of Powys would not come thither nor take the oth of allegiance Which disobedience the prince declared to all his lords they all thought that it was meete that Gwenwynwyn should be constrained by force to doo his dutie or else to leese his lands Yet one of his lords named Elise ap Madoc would not agree to hurt Gwenwynwyn in anie case but departed awaie suddenlie then Lhewelyn came with an armie to Powys but by the meanes of certaine learned men Gwenwynwyn and the prince were made freends Gwenwynwyn became the prince his liegeman and confirmed that both by oth and writing Then Lhewelyn remembring how Elise ap Madoc had serued him seased vpon all his lands and Elise fled the countrie but afterward yeelded himselfe to the princes mercie who gaue him the castell of Crogen and seuen towneships withall And here I thinke it not vnmeete to declare the cause why the Englishmen vse to call the Welshmen Crogens as a word of reproch and despite but if they knew the beginning they should find it contrarie For in the viage that king Henrie the second made against the Welshmen to the mountaines of Berwin as he laie at Oswestree a number of his men that were sent to trie the passages as they would haue passed Offas ditch at the castell of Crogen at which place there was is at this daie a narrow waie through the same ditch for that ditch appeereth yet to this daie verie deepe through all that countrie beareth his old name These men I saie as they would haue passed this straite were met withall a great number of them slaine as appeareth by their graues there yet to be seene whereof the strait beareth the name Therefore the Englishmen afterward not forgetting this slaughter vsed to cast the Welshmen in the teeth in all their troubles with the name of Crogen as if they would signifie vnto them thereby that they should looke for no fauour but rather reuengment at their hands which word in processe of time grew to be taken in another signification Now when Lhewelyn had set all these parties in good order he returned to Northwales by the waie fortified the castell of Bala in Penlhyn About the same time Rees sonne to Gruffyth ap Rees by right prince of Southwales got the castell of Lhanymdhyfri vpon Michaelmas day This yeare king Iohn lost all Normandie with Aniow Mayne and Poytiers and Hugh Gurnaie Robert Fitzwater and Sayer de Quincie who had a great part of these countries vnder their rule deliuered all vp to the French king at the first summon yet Roger Lacie kept his castels as long as he had any hope of succors About this time there was in England one called Simon de Thurnay a great diuine and philosopher who diuerse times made his aduaunt that he knew all that was to be knowen and suddenlie he fell to such ignorance that he cold nether read nor vnderstand one letter in the booke About this time Lhewelyn prince of Wales tooke to wife Ione the daughter of king Iohn by Agatha the daughter of Robert Ferrers Earle of Derby with whom the said king gaue him the lordship of Elsmere in the Marches of Wales The yeare next ensuing the foresaid Rees ap Gruffyth ap Rees got the castell of Lhangadoc and fortified it to his owne vse but shortlie after Maelgon his vncle with his freend Gwenwynwyn came with a strong power before the castell of Lhanymdhyfri wan it and from thence they remoued to Lhangadoc got the same likewise suffering the garrison to depart From thence Maelgon went to Dinerth and finished the castell which he had begun there About this time Dauid sonne to Owen Gwyneth after that prince Lhewelyn his nephue had set him at libertie fled to England and got an armie to restore him to his ancient estate in Northwales but all in vaine for his nephue met him and ouerthrew him in the waie then he returning to England for verie sorow died shortlie after The next yeare to this Howel the sonne of prince Rees being blind was slaine at Cemaes by his brother Maelgons men and buried by his brother Gruffyth at Stratflur Although this Maelgon in those daies bare all the rule in Southwales yet his brother Gruffyths sonnes Rees and his brethren wan from him the chiefe defense of all his countrie to wit the castels of Dyneuowr and Lhanymdhyfri Then William Marshall Earle of Penbrooke laid siege to the castell of Cilgerran wan it Not long after Maelgon ap Rees hired an Irishman to kill Gadiuor ap Griffri whose foure sons Maelgon tooke and put them to death These were toward gentlemen and came of a noble stocke for their mother Susanna was daughter to the said Howel ap Rees by a daughter of Madoc ap Meredyth prince of Powys The yeare 1205. Maelgon did build a castell at Abereneon At that time there came such abundance of fish to Aberystwyth as the like was neuer seene before Within the next three yeares after the French king got manie townes in Gwyen In those daies there fell a great debate in England between the king the clergie about the election of the Archbishop of Canturburie in so much that the yeare 1208. the Pope denounced all England accursed no seruice was vsed in anie church within England This yere the king did banish out of the land William de Bruse with his wife for displeasure that he bare to his son and seased their lands to his owne hands which William with his said wife and son fled to Ireland there remained for a while This man was of great power in the Marches of Wales but extreeme cruell and vniust The same yeare Gwenwynwyn came to Shrewesburie to speake with the kings councell and was there detained prisoner wherevpon prince Lhewelyn conquered all his countrie with all the towns and castels therein and kept the same to his owne vse Which when Maelgon ap Rees vnderstood and that Lhewelyn would make his voiage to Southwales he ouerthrew his castels of Aberystwyth Stratmeyric and Dynerth which he before had fortified despairing to be able to withstand the prince but the prince kept on his iournie to Aberystwyth and built the castell againe fortified it and seased to his owne hands the Cantref of Penwedic the land betwixt Dyui and Aeron which he gaue to Maelgons nephues the sonnes of Gruffyth ap Rees and so returned home with great ioy Within a litle after Rees Vachan sonne to prince Rees laid siege
of Northwales by his father but of a yoonger brother of the house of Powys whose portion by inheritance is laid downe by me in the description of the lordship of Powys before page 213. which was but a verie small thing There be diuerse gentlemen euen at this date in Wales which are come of the house of Northwales lineallie but I know none which are lawfullie descended of Lhewelyn ap Iorwerth called by Matthew Paris Leolinus Magnus but such are come out of the house of Mortimer in the which house by order of descent the right of the inheritance lieth About this time Harold king of Man came to the court and did homage to king Henrie and he dubbed him knight The summer folowing Rees Vachan son to Rees Mechyl got the castell of Carrec Cynnen which his mother of meere hatred conceiued against him had deliuered to the Englishmen The Abbots of Conwey and Stratflur made sute to the king for the bodie of Gruffyth ap Lhewelyn which he granted vnto them and they conueied it to Conwey where he was honorablie buried Then also VVilliam Ferrers Earle of Derbie and his wife died being either of them a hundreth yeares of age Not long after William de longa Spata Earle of Salisburie was slaine in the holie land leauing one daughter behind him maried to Henrie Lacy Earle of Lyncolne The same time likewise died Gladys daughter to prince Lhewelyn and wife to Sir Ralph Mortimer in the castell of VVyndsore The yeare next folowing was so drie that there fell no raine from the eleuenth daie of March to the Assumption of our ladie In the yeare 1254. there arose a great debate betweene the princes of VVales for Owen could not be content with halfe the principalitie but got his yoonger brother Dauid to him and they two leuied a great power to disinherite Lhewelyn who with his men met with them in the field and after a long fight gaue them an ouerthrowe where he tooke them both prisoners then seased all their lands into his owne hands enioieng alone the whole principalitie of Wales The yeare ensuing all the lords of Wales came to prince Lhewelyn and made their complaints to him with weeping eies how cruellie they were handled by prince Edward and others of the nobles of England their lands being taken from them by force and if at anie time they did offend they were punished with extremitie but where they were wronged they found no remedie Therfore they protested before God and him that they would rather die in the field in defense of their right than to be made slaues to strangers whervpon the Prince pitieng his estate and theirs determined togither with them vtterlie to refuse the rule of the Englishmen and rather to die in libertie than to liue in thraldome shame and opprobrie And gathering all his power first recouered againe all the Inland countrie of Northwales and afterward all Merionyth and such lands as Edward had vsurped in Caerdigan which he gaue to Meredyth the sonne of Owen ap Gruffyth and Buelht he gaue to Meredyth ap Rees chasing awaie Rees Vachan out of the same and so honorablie diuided all that he wan amongst his Barons that he kept nothing to himselfe but the perpetuall fame of his liberalitie Then also he recouered Gwerthryneon from Sir Roger Mortimer The summer folowing prince Lhewelyn made warre against Gruffyth ap Gwenwynwyn who serued the king and wan all Powys from him saue the castell of Pole and a little of Caereneon and the land by Seauerne side Rees Vachan ap Rees Mechylh meaning to recouer his lands againe obtained of the king a great armie where of one Stephen Bacon was captaine and came to Caermardhyn by sea and marching from thence towards Dyneuowr laid siege to the castell but the princes power came with his coosins to raise the siege where there was fought a bloudie battell as euer was fought in VVales of so manie men and in the end the Englishmen were put to flight and lost of their men aboue 2000. soldiours from thence the princes armie went to Dyuet and burned all the countrie and destroied the castels of Abercorran Lhanstephan Maenclochoc Arberth and then returned home with much spoile And forthwith not being able to abide the wrongs that Geffrey Langley Lieutenant to the Earle of Chester did to them the Prince entred the Earles lands and destroied all to the gates of Chester on either side the water Wherevpon Edward the Earle fled to his vncle who was then chosen king of Romanes for succour and returning backe with an armie durst not fight with the Prince who had 10000. armed men euerie one sworne to die in the field if need required in the defense of their countrie yet Gruffyth ap Madoc Maelor commonlie surnamed lord of Dinas Brân which is a castell standing vpon a verie high mountaine of situation impregnable in the lordship of Chirke forsooke the Prince and serued the Earle with all his power which Earle was counted a cruell and vniust man hauing no regard to right promise or oth The next yeare prince Lhewelyn seasing to his hands Cemeys and making peace betwixt Rees Gryc and Rees Vachan his brothers sonne got the castel of Trefdraeth or Newport with all Ros sauing Hauerford Then destroieng the countrie in his waie towards Glamorgan he rased the castell of Lhangymwch and returning to Northwales met with Edward Earle of Chester by the waie whom he caused to retire backe and then destroied the lands of the said Gruffyth lord of Bromfield Therefore the kings of England Almaine wrote to him gentlie to depart home which he refused to doo but diuiding his armie into two battels in euerie of the which as Matthew Paris saith there were 1500. footemen and 500 horsmen well appointed Wherevpon Edward sent to the Irishmen to come to his succours whereof the Prince being certified made readie his ships and sending them to the sea with sufficient power to resist the comming of his enimies that waie preuented him so that the Irishmen were ouercome and sent home with great losse Wherefore the king with his sonne being in a great rage gathered all the strength of England from S. Michaëls Mount to Twede came to Northwales as far as Teganwy but the Prince caused all the victuals to be remooued ouer the riuer of Conwey and kept all the straictes and passages so narrowlie that the king was compelled to retire to England with great losse Then prince Lhewelyn calling to him all the power of Southwales came to the marches where Gruffyth Lord of Bromfield yeelded himselfe to him bicause the king could not defend his lands seasing to his owne hands all the lands in Powys he banished the lord Gruffyth ap Gwenwynwyn and wanne the castels of Gilbert de Clare Earle of Glocester where also he gaue the Englishmen an ouerthrowe and slew a great number of the worthiest
Cynwric ap Grono was taken at Ruthlan and put in prison without anie cause at all neither would the kings officers deliuer him vnlesse he would redéeme the gage of a certeine woman for the which he was constrained to paie much more than the pawne laie for 10 When the bailiffe of Ruthlan was at a feast Hicken le Maile wounded a Gentleman cruellie in the presence of the said bailiffe by the occasion of which wound Hicken was condemned in eight pound and when he which was hurt would haue demanded the said eight pound he was put in prison with Hicken 11 The messengers of Reginald Gray attempted an absurditie not heard of requiring the people of the countrie to plow his ground and sowe the same and the messengers were Cynwric Says and Hicken Lemayl and the said Cynwric sware openlie before the whole companie that vnlesse all men should plow Reginald Grayes ground they should shortlie repent it then the people feared much as in that case anie constant man would feare 12 The heires of Tegengl bought their offices for xxx markes of the king But afterward Reginald Gray spoiled them of their offices and monie against the lawes and customes of England 13 Seauen Gentlemen were wrongfullie killed by the Englishmen but as yet the parents of the Gentlemen can haue no amends and though the offenders were taken yet the said constable let them go without punishment 14 The constable of Ruthlan kept two of the kings soldiours in prison for that they tooke an Englishman who had wounded a man All these things conteined in these articles are contrarie to the priuilege libertie and right of the said men and contrarie to the lawes and customes of Wales neither dare the inhabitants send their complaints to the king for feare of Reginald Gray which feare anie constant man might haue because the said Reginald Gray said openlie that if he could come by anie such their messengers he would cut off their heads as it is certeinelie told vs by one of his counsell further neither toong can expresse nor penne can write how euill the men of Tegengl haue béene ordered Humblie complaineth vnto your lordship my lord Archbishop of Canturburie Primate of all England Lhewelyn ap Gruffyth ap Madoc of the constable of Oswaldes Crosse the king and of the men of that towne who haue spoiled the said Lhewelyn of the third part of a towne called Lhedrot and his fathers house without any law or right or custome of the countrie Further the said Constable and his complices haue against the lawes and the custome of the countrie spoiled the said Lhewelyn of the common and pasturage which he and his predecessors haue had and vsed time out of mind and further condemned the said Lhewelyn for the said pasture in lxx markes And further the king of England granted certeine letters to a bastard called Gruffyth Vachan of Cynlhaeth to law with the said Lhewelyn for his whole lordship and possessions by the occasion of the which letters the said Lhewelyn hath spent two hundreth pound of good monie Also the said Constable compelled the said Lhewelyn to send two of his Gentlemen to him whom when they came to him he caused to be hanged which Gentlemen ought not by right to haue béene hanged whose parents had rather haue giuen him thrée hundreth pound Afterward the said Constable imprisoned thréescore of the men of the said Lhewelyn no cause alledged but that a certeine Page spake a word who could not be deliuered out of prison vntill euerie of them paid ten shillings When the men of the said Lhewelyn came to the said towne to sell their oxen the said Constable would cause the beasts to be driuen to the castell neither would he restore the beastes nor monie for them Further the said Constable and his men tooke awaie the cattell of the said Lhewelyn from his owne ground and did their will with them Further the kings Iustices compelled the said Lhewelyn contrarie to the law and custome of Wales to deliuer to the sonnes of Encon ap Gruffyth a certeine towne which both he and his ancestors euer had held The said Constable tooke the horsse of Lhewelyns Bailiff when the said Bailiff owed him nothing who could neuer get his horsse againe nor anie satisfaction for it Furthermore when the said Lhewelyn should haue gone to a towne called Caerlhêon to appeare there as he was appointed the sonnes of Gruffyth ap Gwenwynwyn and the soldiours of Roger Strainge by the counsell of the said Roger tooke the said Lhewelyn and his men and imprisoned them to their great damage which the said Lhewelyn would not for 300. pound starling who could by no meanes be deliuered vntill they had found sufficient suerties The Archbishop receiuing these and other articles came to the king and requested him to consider these wrongs and to cause amends to be made or at the least excuse the Welshmen hauing so iust cause of gréefe Who answered that the Welshmen were to be excused yet he said he was euer readie to doo iustice to all them that complained Wherevpon the Archbishop besought the king againe that the Welshmen might haue frée accesse to his Grace to declare their gréefes and to séeke remedie the king answered they should fréelie come and depart if it should séeme that by iustice they deserued to depart The Archbishop hearing this went and came to the Prince of Wales in Snowdon that he might mooue him and his brother Dauid and the other companie to submit themselues whereby he might incline the king to admit them Which after much talke and conference with the Archbishop the Prince answered that he was readie to submit himselfe to the king reseruing two things that is to say his conscience which he ought to haue for the rule and safegard of his people and also the decencie of his state and calling Which answere the Archbishop brought and reported to the king At the which the king said that he would not anie other treatie of peace than that the Prince and his people should simplie submit themselues But the Archbishop knowing well that the Welshmen would not submit themselues but in the forme aforesaid or in other forme to them tollerable and of them liked requested the king that he might haue conference in this matter with all the noble Englishmen then present who after such conference agréed all to these articles following The which articles the Archbishop did send in writing to the Prince by Iohn Wallensis These are to be said to the Prince before his councell FIrst that of the foure Cantreds and the lands by the king giuen to his nobles and the Isle of Anglesey he will haue no treatie of 2 Item of the tenants of the foure Cantreds if they will submit themselues he purposeth to doo as becommeth a kings maiestie and we verelie beléeue he will deale with them mercifullie and to that end we will labour and trust to obtaine 3 As
touching the lord Lhewelyn we can haue none other answer but that he shall submit himselfe simplie to the king and we beléeue certeinlie he will deale mercifullie with him and to that end we trauell all we can and verelie beléeue to be heard These following are to be said to the Prince in secret FIrst that the nobilitie of England haue conceiued this forme of fauorable peace that the lord Lhewelyn should submit himselfe to the king and the king should honorablie prouide for him a thousand pound starling and some honorable countie in England So that the said Lhewelyn would put the king in quiet possession of Snowdon and the king will prouide honorablie for the daughter of Lhewelyn according to the state and condecencie of his owne bloud and to these they hope to persuade the king 2 Item if it happen that Lhewelyn marrie a wife and to haue by hir anie heire male they trust to intreate the king that the same heire male and his heires for euer shall haue the same thousand pound and countie 3 Item to the people subiect to the said Lhewelyn the king will prouide as becommeth their estates and condition and to that the king is well inclined These are to be said to Dauid brother to Lhewelyn in secret FIrst that if for the honor of God Iuxta debitum crucis assumptae he will go to the holie land he shall be prouided for according to his degrée so that he doo not returne vnlesse he be called by the king and we trust to entreat the king to prouide for his child 2 And these things we tell our selues to the Welshmen that a great deale greater perill dooth hang ouer them than we told them by mouth when we were with them these things which we write séeme gréeuous but it is a great deale more gréeuous to be oppressed with armes and finallie to be rooted out bicause euerie daie more and more their danger dooth increase 3 Item it is more hard to be alwaies in warre in anguish of mind and danger of bodie alwaies sought besieged and so to die in deadlie sinne and continuall rancor and malice 4 Item we feare whereof we be sorie vnlesse you doo agrée to peace we most certeinlie will aggrauate the sentence Ecclesiasticall against you for your faults of the which you can not excuse your selues whereas yée shall find both grace and mercie if you will come to peace And send vs your answer of these in writing Reuerendissimo in CHRISTO Patri ac Domino Iohanni dei gratia Archiepiscopo Cantuar. ac totius Angliae Primati suus in Christo debitus filius Lhewelinus Princeps VValliae Dominus Snowdon salutem CVm desiderijs beneuolentiae filialis ac reuerentijs multimodis honoribus Sancte Pater sicut vosmet consuluistis ad gratiam Regiam parati sumus venire sub forma tamen nobis secura honesta Sed quia forma consenta in articulis and nos missis nec secura est nec honesta prout nobis concilio nostro videtur de quamultùm admirantur omnes quòd plùs tendit ad ruinam destructionem nostram populi nostri quà m ad nostram securitatem honestatem nùllo modo possumus consensum nostrum in eam praebere sivellemus alúque nobiles populus nobis subiectus nullo modo consentirent ob indubitatam destructionem dissipationem quae inde eis possit euenire Tamen supplicamus vestram sanctam paternitatem quatenus ad reformationem pacis debitae honestae securae ob quam tot labores assumpsistis prouidè laboretis collationem habentes ad articulos quos vobis mittimus in scriptis Honorabilius est magis rationi consentaneum vt de domino Rege teneamus terras in quibus nos habitamus quà m nos exhaeredari eas tradere alijs Datae apud Garth Celyn To the most reuerend Father in Christ the lord Iohn by gods grace Archbishop of Canturburie and Primate of all England his obedient sonne Lhewelyn prince of VVales and lord of Snowdon sendeth greeting MOst hartily with all reuerence and honor we are content and readie holie father as you haue counselled vs to submit our selues vnto the kings Grace so it be in that forme that shall be safe and honest for vs but because that forme of submission conteined in the articles which were sent vnto vs is neither safe nor honest as we and our councell do thinke at the which articles all men do maruell tending rather to the destruction of vs and our people than anie securitie and honest dealing we may in no wise yeeld our assent vnto it and if we should so doo our nobles and people would not agree to the same knowing the mischiefe and inconuenience that is like to ensue thereof Neuerthelesse we beseech your holie fatherhood that for the reformation of a decent honest and firme peace for the which you haue taken so great paines you doo circumspectlie prouide hauing respect vnto the articles which we send vnto you in writing It is more honorable for the king more agreable to reason that we should hold our lands in the countrie where wee dwell than that wee should be disinherited and our lands giuen to other men Dated at Garth Celyn The Answers of the VVelshmen FIrst though the lord the king will haue no treatie of the foure Cantreds the lands that he gaue his nobles nor the Isle of Anglesey yet the Princes councell will no peace to be made vnlesse treatie be had of them For that the foure Cantreds be of the more tenure of the Prince where alwaies the Princes of Wales had more right since the time of Camber the sonne of Brutus so that they be of the principalitie of Wales The confirmation of the which the Prince obtained by Octobonus the Popes legate in England by the consent of the king and his father as it doth appeare by the letters patents And more iust and equall it is that our heires doo hold the said Cantreds of the king for monie and vsed seruice than the same to be giuen to strangers which abuse the people by force and power 2 All the tenants of all the Cantreds of Wales altogither doo saie that they dare not submit themselues to the king to doo his pleasure First for that the king kept neither couenant nor oth nor grant by charter from the begining to the Prince or his people Secondlie for that the kings men doo cruellie exercise tyrannie towards the Church and Church-men Thirdlie that they be not bound to anie such matter séeing they be the Princes tenants who is readie to doo vsed and accustomed seruice and to obey the king with and by the said seruice 3 To that which is said that the Prince should simplie commit himselfe to the kings will it is answered that none of vs all dare come to the king for the causes aforesaid we altogither will not suffer our Prince to come in that