Nature is so generous that he hates to be Mercenary and never minds his own Profit or Interest in any Trust or Employment more then the good and benefit of him that intrusts or employs him But as I said heretofore these are but petty Losses in comparison of those he sustained by the late Civil Warrs whereof I shall partly give you an account I say partly for though it may be computed what the loss of the Annual Rents of his Lands amounts to of which he never received the least worth for himself and his own profit during the time both of his being employed in the Service of Warr and his Sufferings in Banishment as also the loss of those Lands that are alienated from him both in present possession and in reversion and of his Parks and Woods that were cut down yet it is impossible to render an exact account of his Personal Estate As for his Rents during the time he acted in the Warrs though he suffer'd others to gather theirs for their own use yet his own either went for the use of the Army or fell into the hands of the Enemy or were suppress'd and with-held from him by the Cozenage of his Tenants and Officers my Lord being then not able to look after them himself About the time when His late Majesty undertook the expedition into Scotland for the suppressing of some insurrection that happened there My Lord as afore is mentioned amongst the rest lent His Majesty 10000 l. sterling But having newly married a Daughter to the then Lord Brackly now Earl of Bridgwater whose portion was 12000 l. the moiety whereof was paid in Gold on the day of her marriage and the rest soon after although she was too young to be bedded This together with some other expences caused him to take up the said 10000 l. at Interest the Use whereof he paid many years after Also when after his sixteen years Banishment he returned into England before he knew what Estate was left him and was able to receive any Rents of his own he was necessitated to take 5000 l. upon Use for the maintenance of himself and his Family whereof the now Earl of Devonshire his Cousin German once removed lent him 1000 l. for which and the former 1000 l. mentioned heretofore he never desired nor received any Use from my Lord which I mention to declare the favour and bounty of that Noble Lord. But though it is impossible to render an exact account of all the losses which My Lord has sustained by the said Wars yet as far as they are accountable I shall endeavour to represent them in these following Particulars In the first place I shall give you a just particular of My Lords Estate in Lands as it was before the Wars partly according to the value of his own Surveighers and partly according to the rate it is let at this present Next I shall accompt the Woods cut down by the Rebellious Party in several places of My Lords Estate Thirdly I shall compute the Value of those Lands which My Lord hath lost both in present possession and in reversion that is to say those which he has lost altogether both for himself and his Posterity and those he has recovered onely during the time of his life and which his onely Son and Heir the now Earl of Ogle must lose after his Fathers decease Fourthly I shall make mention how much of Land my Lord hath been forced to sell for the payment of some of his Debts contracted during the time of the late Civil Wars and when his Estate was sequestred I say some for there are a great many to pay yet To which I shall Fifthly add the Composition of his Brothers Estate and the loss of it for Eight years A Particular of My Lords Estate in plain Rents as it was partly surveighed in the Year 1641 and partly is let at this present Nottingham-shire  l. s. d. THe Mannor of Welbeck 0600 00 00 l. s. d. 6229 07 11 The Mannor of Norton Carbarton and the Granges 0454 19 01 Warksopp 0051 06 08 The Mannor-house of Soakholm 0308 10 03 The Manor of Clipston Edwinstow 0334 09 08 Drayton 0008 16 06 Dunham 0099 17 08 Sutton 0185 00 05 The Mannor of Kirby c. 1075 07 02 The Mannor of Cotham 0833 18 08 The Mannor of Sitthorp 0704 01 00 Carcholston 0450 03 00 Hauksworth c. 0139 04 02 Flawborough 0512 11 08 Mearing and Holm-Meadow 0471 02 00 Lincoln-shire Wellinger and Ingham Meales 0100 00 00 Derby-shire The Barrony of Bolsover and Woodthorp 0846 08 11 6128 11 10 The Mannor of Chesterfield 0378 00 00 The Mannor of Barlow 0796 17 06 Tissington 0159 11 00 Dronfield 0486 15 10 The Mannor of Brampton 0142 04 08 Little Longston 0087 02 00 The Mannor of Stoak 0212 03 00 Birth-Hall and Peak-Forrest 0131 08 00 The Mannor of Gringlow 0156 08 00 The Mannor of Hucklow 0162 10 08 The Mannor of Blackwall 0306 00 04 Buxton and Tids-Hall 0153 02 00 Mansfield-Park 0100 00 00 Mappleton and Thorp 0207 05 00 The Mannor of Windly-Hill 0238 18 00 The Mannor of Litchurch and Markworth 0713 15 01 Church and Meynel Langly Mannor 0850 01 00 Stafford-shire  l. s. d. The Mannor of Bloar with Caulton 0573 13 04 l. s. d. 2349 17 04 The Mannor of Grindon Cauldon with Waterfull 0822 03 00 The Mannor of Cheadle with Kinsly 0259 18 00 The Mannor of Barleston c. 0694 03 00 Glocester-shire The Manor of Tormorton with Litleton 1193 16 00 1581 19 02 The Mannor of Acton Turvil 0388 03 02 Summerset-shire The Mannor of Chewstoak 0816 15 06 1303 13 10 Knighton Sutton 0300 14 04 Stroud and Kingsham-Park 0186 04 00 York-shire The Manors of Slingsby Hoverngham and Friton Northinges and Pomfret 1700 00 00 Northumberland The Barrony of Bothal Ogle and Hepple c 3000 00 00  Totall 22393 10 01 That this Particular of My Lords Estate was no less then is mentioned may partly appear by the rate as it was surveighed and sold by the Rebellious Parliament for they raised towards the later end of their power which was in the year 1652 out of my Lords Estate the summe of 111593 l. 10s 11d at five years and a half Purchase which was at above the rate of 18000 l. a year besides Woods and his Brother Sir Cavendish's Estate which Estate was 2000 l. a year which falls not much short of the mentioned account and certainly had they not sold such Lands at easie rates few would have bought them by reason the Purchasers were uncertain how long they should enjoy their purchase Besides Under-Officers do not usually refuse Bribes and it is well known that the Surveighers did under-rate Estates according as they were feed by the Purchasers Again many of the Estates of banished Persons were given to Soldiers for the payment of their Arrears who again sold them to others which would buy them at easier rates But
chiefly it appears by the rate as my Lords Estate is let at present there being several of the mentioned Lands that are let at a higher rate now then they were surveighed nor are they all valued in the mentioned particular according to the surveigh but many of them which were not surveighed are accounted according to the rate they are let at this present The Loss of my Lords Estate in plain Rents as also upon ordinary Use and Use upon Use is as followeth The Annual Rent of My Lords Lands viz. 22393 l. 10 s. 1 d. being lost for the space of 18 years which was the time of his acting in the Wars and of his Banishment without any benefit to him reckoned without any Interest amounts to 403083 l. But being accounted with the ordinary Use at Six in the Hundred and Use upon Use for the mentioned space of 18 Years it amounts to 733579 l. But some perhaps will say That if My Lord had enjoyed his Estate he would have spent it at least so much as to maintain himself according to his degree and quality I answer That it is very improbable My Lord should have spent all his Estate if he had enjoyed it he being a man of great Wisdom and Prudence knowing well how to spend and how to manage for though he lived nobly before the time of the Wars yet not beyond the Compass of his Estate nay so far he would have been from spending his Estate that no doubt but he would have increast it to a vast value as he did before the Wars where notwithstanding his Hospitality and noble House-keeping his charges of Building came to about 31000 l the portion of his second Daughter which was 12000 l the noble entertainments he gave King Charles the First one whereof came to almost 15000 l. another to above 4000 l and a third to 1700 l. as hereafter shall be mentioned and his great expences during the time of his being Governour to His Majesty that now is he yet encreased his Estate to the value of 100000 l which is 5000 per annum when it was by so much less But if any one will reckon the charges of his House-keeping during the time of his Exile and when he had not the enjoyment of his Estate he may substract the sum accounted for the payment of his debts contracted in the time of his Banishment which went to the maintenance of himself and his Family or in lieu thereof considering that I do not account all My Lords losses but onely those that are certainly known he may compare it with the loss of his personal Estate whereof I shall make some mention anon and he 'll find that I do not heighten my Lords Losses but rather diminish them for surely the losses of his personal Estate and those I account not will counterballance the charges of his House-keeping if not exceed them Again others will say That there was much Land sold in the time of My Lords Banishment by his Sons and Feoffees in Trust. I answer First That whatsoever was sold was first bought of the Rebellious Power Next although they sold some Lands yet My Lord knew nothing of it neither did he receive a penny worth for himself neither of what they purchased nor sold all the time of his Banishment till his return And thus much of the loss of My Lords Estate in Rents Concerning the loss of his Parks and Woods as much as is generally known for I do not reckon particular Trees cut down in several of his Woods yet standing 't is as follows 1. Clipston-Park and Woods cut down to the value of 20000 l. 2. Kirkby-Woods for which my Lord was formerly proferr'd 10000 l. 3. Woods cut down in Derbyshire 8000 l. 4. Red-lodg-Wood Rome-wood and others near Welbeck 4000 l. 5. Woods cut down in Stafford-shire 1000 l. 6. Woods cut down in York-shire 1000 l. 7. Woods cut down in Northumberland 1500 l. The Total 45000 l. The Lands which My Lord hath lost in present posession are 2015 l. per annum which at 20 years purchase come to 40300 l. and those which he hath lost in Reversion are 3214 l. per annum which at 16 years purchase amount to the value of 51424 l. The Lands which my Lord since his return has sold for the payment of some of his debts occasioned by the Wars for I do not reckon those he sold to buy others come to the value of 56000 l. to which out of his yearly revenue he has added 10000 l. more which is in all 66000 l. Lastly The Composition of his Brothers Estate was 5000 l. and the loss of it for eight years comes to 16000 l. All which if summ'd up together amounts to 941303 l. These are the accountable losses which My Dear Lord and Husband has suffered by the late Civil Wars and his Loyalty to his King and Country Concerning the loss of his personal Estate since as I often mentioned it cannot be exactly known I shall not endeavour to set down the Particulars thereof onely in General give you a Note of what partly they are 1. The pulling down of several of his dwelling or Mannor-houses 2. The disfurnishing of them of which the Furniture at Bolsover and Welbeck was very noble and rich Out of his London-house at Clarken-well there were taken amongst other Goods suits of Linnen viz. Table-Cloths Sideboard-cloths Napkins c. whereof one suit cost 160 l. they being bought for an Entertainment which My Lord made for Their Majesties King Charles the First and the Queen at Bolsover-Castle And of 150 Suits of Hangings of all sorts in all his Houses there were not above 10 or 12 saved Of Silver-plate My Lord had so much as came to the value of 3800 l. besides several Curiosities of Cabinets Cups and other things which after My Lord was gone out of England were taken out of his Mannor house Welbeck by a Garison of the Kings Party that lay therein whereof he recovered onely 1100 l. which Money was sent him beyond the Seas the rest was lost As for Pewter Brass Bedding Linnen and other Houshold-stuff there was nothing else left but some few old Feather-beds and those all spoiled and fit for no use 3. My Lord's Stock of Corn Cattel c. was very great before the Warrs by reason of the largeness and capacity of those grounds and the great number of Granges he kept for his own use as for example Barlow Carkholston Gleadthorp Welbeck and several more which were all well manured and stockt But all this stock was lost besides his Race of Horses in his Grounds Grange-Horses Hackny-Horses Mannage-Horses Coach-Horses and others he kept for his use To these Losses I may well and justly join the charges which my Lord hath been put to since his return into England by reason they were caused by the ruines of the said Warrs whereof I reckon 1. His Law-suits which have been very chargeable to him more then advantagious 2. The
it self and yet doth every thing for without Ceremony there would be no distinction neither in Church nor State XXVI That Orders and Professions ought not to entrench upon each other lest in time they make a confusion amongst themselves XXVII That in a Well-ordered State or Government care should be taken lest any degree or profession whatsoever swell too big or grow too numerous it being not onely a hinderance to those of the same profession but a burden to the Commonwealth which cannot be well if it exceeds in extreams XXVIII That the Taxes should not be above the riches of the Commonwealth for that must upon necessity breed Factions and Civil Wars by reason a general poverty united is far more dangerous then a private Purse for though their Wealth be small yet their Unity and Combination makes them strong so that being armed with necessity they become outragious with despair XXIX That Heavy Taxes upon Farmes ruine the Nobility and Gentry for if the Tenant be poor the Landlord cannot be rich he having nothing but his Rents to live on XXX That it is not so much Laws and Religion nor Rhetorick that keeps a State or Kingdom in order but Armes which if they be not imploy'd to an evil use keep up the right and priviledges both of Crown Church and State XXXI That no equivocations should be used either in Church or Law for the one causes several Opinions to the disturbance of mens Consciences the other long and tedious Suits to the disturbance of mens private Affairs and both do oftentimes ruine and impoverish the State XXXII That in Cases of Robberies and Murthers it is better to be severe then merciful for the hanging of a few will save the lives and Purses of many XXXIII That many Laws do rather entrap then help the subject XXXIV That no Martial Law should be executed but in an Army XXXV That the Sheriffs in this Kingdom of England have been so expensive in Liveries and Entertainments in the time of their Sherifalty as it hath ruined many Families that had but indifferent Estates XXXVI That the cutting down of Timber in the time of Rebellion has been an inestimable loss to this Kingdom by reason of Shipping for though Timber might be had out of Foreign Countries that would serve for the building of Ships yet there is none of such a temper as our English Oak it being not onely strong and large but not apt to splint which renders the Ships of other Nations much inferior to ours and that therefore it would be very beneficial for the Kingdom to set out some Lands for the bearing of such Oaks by sowing of Acorns and then transplanting them which would be like a Store-house for shipping and bring an incomparable benefit to the Kingdom since in Shipping consists our greatest strength they being the onely Walls that defend an Island XXXVII That the Nobility and Gentry in this Kingdom have done themselves a great injury by giving away out of a petty pride to the Commonalty the power of being Juries and Justices of Peace for certainly they cannot but understand that that must of necessity be an act of great Consequence and Power which concerns mens Lives Lands and Estates XXXVIII That it is no act of Prudence to make poor and mean persons Governours or Commanders either by Land or Sea by reason their poverty causes them to take Bribes and so betray their Trust at best they are apt to extort which is a great grievance to the people besides it breeds envy in the Nobility and Gentry who by that means rise into Factions and cause disturbances in a State or Commonwealth Wherefore the best way is to chuse Rich and Honourable Persons or at least Gentlemen for such Employments who esteem Fame and Honourable Actions above their Lives and if they want skill they must get such under-Officers as have more then themselves to instruct them XXXIX That great Princes should consider before they make War against Foreign Nations whether they be able to maintain it for if they be not able then it is better to submit to an honourable Peace then to make Warr to their great disadvantage but if they be able to maintain Warr then they 'l force in time their Enemies to submit and yeild to what Tearms and Conditions they please XL. That when a State or Government is ensnarled and troubled it is more easie to raise the common people to a Factious Mutiny then to draw them to a Loyal Duty XLI That in a Kingdom where Subjects are apt to rebel no Offices or Commands should be sold for those that buy will not onely use extortion and practise unjust wayes to make out their purchase but be ablest to rebel by reason they are more for private gain then the publick good for it is probable their Principles are like their Purchases But that all Magistrates Officers Commanders Heads and Rulers in what Profession soever both in Church and State should be chosen according to their Abilities Wisdom Courage Piety Justice Honesty and Loyalty and then they 'l mind the publick Good more then their particular Interest XLII That those which have Politick Designs are for the most part dishonest by reason their Designs tend more to Interest then Justice XLIII That Great Princes should onely have Great Noble and Rich Persons to attend them whose Purses and Power may alwayes be ready to assist them XLIV That a Poor Nobility is apt to be Factious and a Numerous Nobility is a burden to a Common-wealth XLV That in a Monarchical Government to be for the King is to be for the Commonwealth for when Head and Body are divided the Life of Happiness dies and the Soul of Peace is departed XLVI That as it is a great Error in a State to have all Affairs put into Gazettes for it over-heats the peoples brains and makes them neglect their private Affairs by over-busying themselves with State-business so it is great Wisdom for a Council of State to have good Intelligences although they be bought with great Cost and Charges as well of Domestick as Foreign Affairs and Transactions and to keep them in private for the benefit of the Commonwealth XLVII That there is no better Policy for a Prince to please his People then to have many Holy-dayes for their ease and order several Sports and Pastimes for their Recreation and to be himself sometime Spectator thereof by which means he 'l not onely gain love and respect from the people but busie their minds in harmless actions sweeten their Natures and hinder them from Factious Designs XLVIII That it is more difficult and dangerous for a Prince or Commander to raise an Army in such a time when the Countrey is embroiled in a Civil Warr then to lead out an Army to fight a Battel for when an Army is raised he hath strength but in raising it he hath none XLIX That good Commanders and experienced Soldiers are like skilfull Fencers who defend with
purpose sent a Letter to my Lord from Paris but my Lord was so far from selling that Horse that he was displeased to hear that any Price should be offer'd for him So great a Love hath my Lord for good Horses And certainly I have observed and do verily believe that some of them had also a particular Love to my Lord for they seemed to rejoice whensoever he came into the Stables by their trampling action and the noise they made nay they would go much better in the Mannage when my Lord was by then when he was absent and when he rid them himself they seemed to take much pleasure and pride in it But of all sorts of Horses my Lord loved Spanish Horses and Barbes best saying That Spanish Horses were like Princes and Barbes like Gentlemen in their kind And this was the chief Recreation and Pastime my Lord had in Antwerp I will now return to my former Discourse and the Relation of some Important Affairs and Actions which happen'd about this time His Majesty our now Gracious King Charles the Second some time after he was gone out of Holland and returned into France took his Journey from thence to Breda if I remember well to treat there with his Subjects of Scotland who had then made some offers of Agreement My Lord according to his duty went thither to wait on His Majesty and was there in Council with His Majesty His Highness the then Prince of Orange His Majesties Brother-in-law and some other Privy-Counsellors in which after several Debates concerning that Important Affair His Highness the Prince of Orange and my Lord agreed in one Opinion viz. That they could perceive no other and better way at that present for His Majesty but to make an Agreement with His Subjects of Scotland upon any Condition and to go into Scotland in Person Himself that he might but be sure of an Army there being no probability or appearance then of getting an Army any where else Which Counsel either out of the then alledged Reasons or some others best known to His Majesty was embraced His Majesty agreeing with the Scots so far notwithstanding they were so unreasonable in their Treaty that His Majesty had hardly Patience to hear them that he resolved to go into Scotland in Person and though my Lord had an earnest desire to wait on His Majesty thither yet the Scots would not suffer him to come or be in any part of that Kingdom Wherefore out of his Loyalty and Duty he gave His Majesty the best advice he could viz. that he conceived it most safe for His Majesty to adhere to the Earl of Argyle's Party which he supposed to be the strongest but especially to reconcile Hamilton's and Argyle's Party and compose the differences between them for then His Majesty would be sure of Two Parties whereas otherwise He would leave an Enemy behind Him which might cause His overthrow and endanger His Majesties Person and if His Majesty could but get the Power into his own hands he might do hereafter what he pleased His Majesty being arrived in Scotland ordered his affairs so wisely that soon after he got an Army to march with him into England but whether they were all Loyal is not for me to dispute However Argyle was discontented as it appear'd by two complaining Letters he sent to my Lord which my Lord gave His Majesty notice of so that onely the Duke of Hamilton went with His Majesty who fought and died like a Valiant Man and a Loyal subject In this fight between the English and Scots His Majesty expressed an extraordinary Courage and though his Army was in a manner destroyed yet the Glory of an Heroick Prince remained with our gracious Soveraign In the mean time whilest His Majesty was yet in Scotland and before he marched with His Army into England it happen'd that the Elector of Brandenburg and Duke of Newburg upon some differences having raised Forces against each other but afterwards concluded a Peace between them were pleased to profer those Forces to my Lord for His Majesties use and service which as the Lord Chancellour who was then in France sent word to my Lord was the onely Foreign profer that had been made to his Majesty My Lord immediately gave His Majesty notice of it but whether it was for want of convenient Transportation or Mony or that the Scots did not like the assistance that profer was not accepted Concerning the affairs and intrigues that pass'd in Scotland and England during the time of His Majesties stay there I am ignorant of them neither doth it belong to me now to write or give an account of any thing else but what concerns the History of my Noble Lord and Husbands Life and his own Actions who so soon as he had Intelligence that the Scottish Army which went with His Majesty into England was defeated and that no body knew what was become of His Majesty fell into so violent a Passion that I verily believed it would have endanger'd his life but when afterwards the happy news came of His Majejesties safe arrival in France never any Subject could rejoice more then my Lord did About this time it chanced that my Lords Brother Sir Charles Cavendish and my self took a journey into England occasioned both by my Lord 's extream want and necessity and his Bothers Estate which having been under Sequestration from the time or soon after he went out of England was then in case he did not return and compound for it to be sold out-right Sir Charles was unwilling to receive his Estate upon such conditions and would rather have lost it then compounded for it But my Lord considering it was better to recover something then lose all intreated the Lord Chancellour who was then in Antwerp to perswade his Brother to a composition which his Lordship did very effectually and proved himself a Noble and true Friend in it We had so small a Provision of money when we set forth our Journey for England that it was hardly able to carry us to London but were forced to stay at Southwark where Sir Charles sent into London for one that had formerly been his Steward and having declared to him his wants and necessities desir'd him to try his Credit He seemed ready to do his Master what service he could in that kind but pretending withall that his Credit was but small Sir Charles gave him his Watch to pawn and with that money paid those small scores we had made in our Lodging there From thence we went to some other Lodgings that were prepared for us in Covent-Garden and having rested our selves some time I desired my Brother the Lord Lucas to claim in my behalf some subsistance for my self out of my Lords Estate for it was declared by the Parliament That the Lands of those that were banished should be sold to any that would buy them onely their Wives and Children were allowed to put in their Claims But he received
this Answer That I could not expect the least allowance by reason my Lord and Husband had been the greatest Traitor of England that is to say the honestest man because he had been most against them Then Sir Charles intrusted some persons to compound for his Estate but it being a good while before they agreed in their Composition and then before the Rents could be received we having in the mean time nothing to live on must of necessity have been starved had not Sir Charles got some Credit of several Persons and that not without great difficulty for all those that had Estates were afraid to come near him much less to assist him until he was sure of his own Estate So much is Misery and Poverty shun'd But though our Condition was hard yet my dear Lord and Husband whom we left in Antwerp was then in a far greater distress then our selves for at our departure he had nothing but what his Credit was able to procure him and having run upon the score so long without paying any the least part thereof his Creditors began to grow impatient and resolved to trust him no longer Wherefore he sent me word That if his Brother did not presently relieve him he was forced to starve Which doleful news caused great sadness and melancholy in us both and withal made his Brother try his utmost endeavour to procure what moneys he could for his subsistance who at last got 200 l. sterl upon Credit which he immediately made over to my Lord. But in the mean time before the said money could come to his hands my Lord had been forced to send for all his Creditors and declare to them his great wants and necessities where his Speech was so effectual and made such an impression in them that they had all a deep sense of my Lords Misfortunes and instead of urging the payment of his Debts promised him That he should not want any thing in whatsoever they were able to assist him which they also very nobly and civilly performed furnishing him with all manner of provisions and necessaries for his further subsistance so that my Lord was then in a much better condition amongst strangers then we in our Native Countrey At last when Sir Charles Cavendish had compounded for his Estate and agreed to pay 4500 l. for it the Parliament caused it again to be surveyed and made him pay 500 l. more which was more then many others had paid for much greater Estates so that Sir Charles to pay this Composition and discharge some Debts was necessitated to sell some Land of his at an under-rate My Lords two Sons who were also in England at that time were no less in want and necessity then we having nothing but bare Credit to live on and my Lords Estate being then to be sold outright Sir Charles his Brother endeavoured if possible to save the two chief Houses viz. Welbeck and Bolsover being resolved rather to part with some more of his Land which he had lately compounded for then to let them fall into the Enemies hands but before such time as he could compass the money some body had bought Bolsover with an intention to pull it down and make money of the Materials of whom Sir Charles was forced to buy it again at a far greater Rate then he might have had it at first notwithstanding a great part of it was pulled down already and though my Lords eldest Son Charles Lord Mansfield had those mentioned Houses some time in possession after the death of his Uncle yet for want of Means he was not able to repair them I having now been in England a year and a half some Intelligence which I received of my Lords being not very well and the small hopes I had of getting some relief out of his Estate put me upon design of returning to Antwerp to my Lord and Sir Charles his Brother took the same resolution but was prevented by an Ague that seized upon him Not long had I been with my Lord but we received the sad news of his Brothers death which was an extream affliction both to my Lord and my self for they loved each other entirely In truth He was a Person of so great worth such extraordinary civility so obliging a Nature so full of Generosity Justice and Charity besides all manner of Learning especially in the Mathematicks that not onely his Friends but even his Enemies did much lament his loss After my return out of England to my Lord the Creditors supposing I had brought great store of money along with me came all to my Lord to solicite the payment of their Debts but when my Lord had informed them of the truth of the business and desired their patience somewhat longer with assurance that so soon as he received any money he would honestly and justly satisfie them they were not onely willing to forbear the payment of those Debts he had contracted hitherto but to credit him for the future and supply him with such Necessaries as he should desire of them And this was the onely happiness which my Lord had in his distressed condition and the chief blessing of the Eternal and Merciful God in whose Power are all things who ruled the hearts and minds of men and filled them with Charity and Compassion for certainly it was a work of Divine Providence that they shewed so much love respect and honour to my Lord a stranger to their Nation and notwithstanding his ruined Condition and the small appearance of recovering his own credited him wheresoever he lived both in France Holland Brabant and Germany that although my Lord was banished his Native Countrey and dispossessed from his own Estate could nevertheless live in so much Splendor and Grandure as he did In this Condition and how little soever the appearance was my Lord was never without hopes of seeing yet before his death a happy issue of all his misfortunes and sufferings especially of the Restauration of His most Gracious King and Master to His Throne and Kingly Rights whereof he always had assured Hopes well knowing that it was impossible for the Kingdom to subsist long under so many changes of Government and whensoever I expressed how little faith I had in it he would gently reprove me saying I believ'd least what I desir'd most and could never be happy if I endeavour'd to exclude all hopes and entertain'd nothing but doubts and fears The City of Antwerp in which we lived being a place of great resort for Strangers and Travellers His Majesty our now gracious King Charles the Second passed thorough it when he went his Journey towards Germany and after my Lord had done his humble duty and waited on His Majesty He was pleased to Honour him with His Presence at his House The same did almost all strangers that were Persons of Quality if they made any stay in the Town they would come and visit my Lord and see the Mannage of his Horses And amongst the rest
Crown but so soon as it fell that fell too and my Lord was then in a manner forced to seek his own preservation in foreign Countries where God was pleased to make strangers his Friends who received and protected him when he was banished his native Country and relieved him when his own Country-men sought to starve him by withholding from him what was justly his own onely for his Honesty and Loyalty which relief he received more from the Commons of those parts where he lived then from Princes he being unwilling to trouble any foreign Prince with his wants and miseries well knowing that Gifts of Great Princes come slowly and not without much difficulty neither loves he to petition any one but His own Soveraign But though my Lord by the civility of Strangers and the assistance of some few Friends of his native Country lived in an indifferent Condition yet as it hath been declared heretofore he was put to great plunges and difficulties in so much that his dear Brother Sir Charles Cavendish would often say That though he could not truly complain of want yet his meat never did him good by reason my Lord his Brother was always so near wanting that he was never sure after one meal to have another And though I was not afraid of starving or begging yet my chief fear was that my Lord for his debts would suffer Imprisonment where sadness of Mind and want of Exercise and Air would have wrought his destruction which yet by the Mercy of God he happily avoided Some time before the Restauration of His Majesty to his Royal Throne my Lord partly with the remainder of his Brothers Estate which was but little it being wasted by selling of Land for compounding with the Parliament paying of several debts and buying out the two Houses aforementioned viz. Welbeck and Bolsover and the Credit which his Sons had got which amounted in all to 2400 l. a year sprinkled something amongst his Creditors and borrowed so much of Mr. Top and Mr. Smith though without assurance that he could pay such scores as were most presssing contracted from the poorer sort of Trades-men and send ready mony to Market to avoid cozenage for small scores run up most unreasonably especially if no strict accounts be kept and the rate be left to the Creditors pleasure by which means there was in a short time so much saved as it could not have been imagined About this time a report came of a great number of Sectaries and of several disturbances in England which heightned my Lord's former hopes into a firm belief of a sudden Change in that Kingdom and a happy Restauration of His Majesty which it also pleased God to send according to his expectation for His Majesty was invited by his Subjects who were not able longer to endure those great confusions and encumbrances they had sustained hitherto to take possession of His Hereditary Rights aud the power of all his Dominions And being then at the Hague in Holland to take shipping in those parts for England my Lord went thither to wait on his Majesty who used my Lord very Graciously and his Highness the Duke of York was pleased to offer him one of those Ships that were ordered to transport His Majesty for which he returned his most humble thanks to his Highness and begg'd leave of His Highness that he might hire a Vessel for himself and his Company In the mean time whilst my Lord was at the Hague His Majesty was pleased to tell him That General Monk now Duke of Albemarle had desired the Place of being Master of the Horse To which my Lord answer'd That that gallant Person was worthy of any Favour that His Majesty could confer upon him And having taken his leave of His Majesty and His Highness the Duke of York went towards the Ship that was to transport him for England I might better call it a Boat then a Ship for those that were intrusted by my Lord to hire a Ship for that purpose had hired an old rotten Fregat that was lost the next Voyage after insomuch that when some of the Company that had promised to go over with my Lord saw it they turn'd back and would not endanger their lives in it except the Lord Widdrington who was resolved not to forsake my Lord. My Lord who was so transported with the joy of returning into his Native Countrey that he regarded not the Vessel having set Sail from Rotterdam was so becalmed that he was six dayes and six nights upon the Water during which time he pleased himself with mirth and pass'd his time away as well as he could Provisions he wanted not having them in great store and plenty At last being come so far that he was able to discern the smoak of London which he had not seen in a long time he merrily was pleased to desire one that was near him to jogg and awake him out of his dream for surely said he I have been sixteen years asleep and am not throughly awake yet My Lord lay that night at Greenwich where his Supper seem'd more savoury to him then any meat he had hitherto tasted and the noise of some scraping Fidlers he thought the pleasantest harmony that ever he had heard In the mean time my Lords Son Henry Lord Mansfield now Earl of Ogle was gone to Dover with intention to wait on His Majesty and receive my Lord his Father with all joy and duty thinking he had been with His Majesty but when he miss'd of his design he was very much troubled and more when His Majesty was pleas'd to tell him That my Lord had set to Sea before His Majesty Himself was gone out of Holland fearing my Lord had met with some Misfortune in his Journey because he had not heard of his Landing Wherefore he immediately parted from Dover to seek my Lord whom at last he found at Greenwich with what joy they embraced and saluted each other my Pen is too weak to express But all this while and after my Lord was gone from Antwerp I was left alone there with some of my servants for my Lord being in Holland with His Majesty declared in a Letter to me his intention of going for England withal commanding me to stay in that City as a Pawn for his debts until he could compass money to discharge them and to excuse him to the Magistrates of the said City for not taking his leave of them and paying his due thanks for their great civilities which he desired me to do in his behalf And certainly my Lords affection to me was such that it made him very industrious in providing those means for it being uncertain what or whether he should have any thing of his Estate made it a difficult business for him to borrow Mony At last he received some of one Mr. Ash now Sir Ioseph Ash a Merchant of Antwerp which he returned to me but what with the expence I had made in the mean while and
what was required for my transporting into England besides the debts formerly contracted the said money fell too short by 400 l. and although I could have upon my own word taken up much more yet I was unwilling to leave an engagement amongst strangers Wherefore I sent for one Mr. Shaw now Sir Iohn Shaw a near kindsman to the said Mr. Ash intreating him to lend me 400 l. which he did most readily and so discharged my debts My departure being now divulged in Antwerp the Magistrates of the City came to take their leaves of me where I desired one Mr. Duart a very worthy Gentleman and one of the chief of the City though he derives his Race from the Portuguez to whom and his Sisters all very skilful in the Art of Musick though for their own pastime and Recreation both my Lord and my self were much bound for their great civilities to be my Interpreter They were pleased to express that they were sorry for our departure out of their City but withal rejoyced at our happy returning into our Native Country and wished me soon and well to the place where I most desired to be Whereupon I having excused my Lord's hasty going away without taking his leave of them returned them mine and my Lord 's hearty Thanks for their great civilities declaring how sorry I was that it lay not in my power to make an acknowledgment answerable to them But after their departure from me they were pleased to send their Under-Officers as the custom there is with a Present of Wine which I received with all respect and thankfulness I being thus prepar'd for my Voyage went with my Servants to Flussing and finding no English Man of War there being loth to trust my self with a less Vessel was at last informed that a Dutch man of War lay there ready to Convoy some Merchants I forthwith sent for the Captain thereof whose name was Bankert and asked him whether it was possible to obtain the favour of having the use of his Ship to transport me into England To vvhich he ansvvered That he question'd not but I might for the Merchants which he was to convey were not ready yet desiring me to send one of my servants to the State to request that favour of them with whom he would go himself and assist him the best he could which he also did My suit being granted my self and my chief servants embarqued in the said Ship the rest together with the Goods being conveyed in another good strong Vessel hired for that purpose After I was safely arrived at London I found my Lord in Lodgings I cannot call them unhandsome but yet they were not fit for a Person of his Rank and Quality nor of the capacity to contain all his Family Neither did I find my Lord's Condition such as I expected Wherefore out of some passion I desir'd him to leave the Town and retire into the Countrey but my Lord gently reproved me for my rashness and impatience and soon after removed into Dorset-house which though it was better then the former yet not altogether to my satisfaction we having but a part of the said House in possession By this removal I judged my Lord would not hastily depart from London but not long after he was pleased to tell me That he had dispatched his business and was now resolved to remove into the Country having already given order for Waggons to transport our goods which was no unpleasant news to me who had a great desire for a Countrey-life My Lord before he began his Journey went to his Gracious Soveraign and begg'd leave that he might retire into the Countrey to reduce and settle if possible his confused entangled and almost ruined Estate Sir said he to His Majesty I am not ignorant that many believe I am discontented and 't is probable they 'l say I retire through discontent But I take God to witness That I am in no kind or ways displeas'd for I am so joyed at your Majesties happy Restauration that I cannot be sad or troubled for any Concern to my own particular but whatsoever Your Majesty is pleased to command me were it to sacrifice my Life I shall most obediently perform it for I have no other Will but Your Majesties Pleasure Thus he kissed His Majesty's hand and went the next day into Nottingham-shire to his Mannor-house call'd Welbeck but when he came there and began to examine his Estate and how it had been ordered in the time of his Banishment he knew not whether he had left ' any thing of it for himself or not till by his prudence and wisdom he inform'd himself the best he could examining those that had most knowledg therein Some Lands he found could be recover'd no further then for his life and some not at all Some had been in the Rebels hands which he could not recover but by His Highness the Duke of York's favour to whom His Majesty had given all the Estates of those that were condemned and executed for murdering his Royal Father of blessed memory which by the Law were forfeited to His Majesty whereof His Highness graciously restor'd my Lord so much of the Land that formerly had been his as amounted to 730 l. a year And though my Lord's Children had their Claims granted and bought out the Life of my Lord their Father which came near upon the third part yet my Lord received nothing for himself out of his own Estate for the space of eighteen years viz. During the time from the first entring into Warr which was Iune 11. 1642 till his return out of Banishment May 28. 1660 for though his Son Henry now Earl of Ogle and his eldest Daughter the now Lady Cheiny did all what lay in their power to relieve my Lord their Father and sent him some supplies of moneys at several times when he was in banishment yet that was of their own rather then out of my Lord's Estate for the Lady Chieny sold some few Jewels which my Lord her Father had left her and some Chamber-Plate which she had from her Grandmother and sent over the money to my Lord besides 1000 l. of her Portion And the now Earl of Ogle did at several times supply my Lord his Father with such moneys as he had partly obtained upon Credit and partly made by his Marriage After my Lord had begun to view those Ruines that were nearest and tried the Law to keep or recover what formerly was his which certainly shew'd no favour to him besides that the Act of Oblivion proved a great hinderance and obstruction to those his designs as it did no less to all the Royal Party and had setled so much of his Estate as possibly he could he cast up the Summ of his Debts and set out several parts of Land sor the payment of them or of some of them for some of his Lands could not be easily sold being entailed and some he sold in Derbyshire to buy the Castle
of Nottingham which although it is quite ruined and demolisht yet it being a seat which had pleased his Father very much he would not leave it since it was offer'd to be sold. His two Houses Welbeck and Bolsover he found much out of repair and this later half pull'd down no furniture or any necessary Goods were left in them but some few Hangings and Pictures which had been saved by the care and industry of his Eldest Daughter the Lady Cheiny and were bought over again after the death of his eldest Son Charles Lord Mansfield for they being given to him and he leaving some debts to be paid after his death My Lord sent to his other Son Henry now Earl of Ogle to endeavour for so much Credit that the said Hangings and Pictures which my Lord esteemed very much the Pictures being drawn by Van Dyke might be saved which he also did and My Lord hath paid the debt since his return Of eight Parks which my Lord had before the Wars there was but one left that was not quite destroyed Welbeck-Park of about four miles compass for my Lord's Brother Sir Charles Cavendish who bought out the life of my Lord in that Lordship saved most part of it from being cut down and in Blore-Park there were some few Deer left The rest of the Parks were totally defaced and destroyed both Wood Pales and Deer amongst which was also Clipston-Park of seven miles compass wherein my Lord had taken much delight formerly it being rich of Wood and containing the greatest and tallest Timber-trees of all the Woods he had in so much that onely the Pale-row was valued at 2000 l. It was water'd by a pleasant River that runs through it full of Fish and Otters was well stock'd with Deer full of Hares and had great store of Partriges Poots Pheasants c besides all sorts of Water-fowl so that this Park afforded all manner of sports for Hunting Hawking Coursing Fishing c. for which my Lord esteemed it very much And although his Patience and Wisdom is such that I never perceived him sad or discontented for his own Losses and Misfortunes yet when he beheld the ruines of that Park I observed him troubled though he did little express it onely saying he had been in hopes it would not have been so much defaced as he found it there being not one Timber-tree in it left for shelter However he patiently bore what could not be helped and gave present order for the cutting down of some Wood that was left him in a place near adjoining to repale it and got from several Friends Deer to stock it Thus though his Law-suits and other unavoidable expences were very chargeable to him yet he order'd his affairs so prudently that by degrees he stock'd and manur'd those Lands he keeps for his own use and in part repaired his Mannor-houses Welbeck and Bolsover to which later he made some additional building and though he has not yet built the Seat at Nottingham yet he hath stock'd and paled a little Park belonging to it Nor is it possible for him to repair all the ruines of the Estate that is left him in so short a time they being so great and his losses so considerable that I cannot without grief and trouble remember them for before the Wars my Lord had as great an Estate as any subject in the Kingdom descended upon him most by Women viz. by his Grandmother of his Father's side his own Mother and his first Wife What Estate his Grandfather left to his Father Sir Charles Cavendish I know not nor can I exactly tell what he had from his Grandmother but she was very rich for her third Husband Sir Will. Saint Loo gave her a good Estate in the West which afterwards descended upon my Lord my Lord's Mother being the younger daughter of the Lord Ogle and sole Heir after the death of her eldest Sister Iane Countess of Shrewsbury whom King Charles the First restored to her Fathers Dignity viz. Baroness of Ogle This Title descended upon my Lord and his Heirs General together with 3000 l. a year in Northumberland and besides the Estate left to my Lord she gave him 20000 l. in Money and kept him and his Family at her own charge for several years My Lord's first Wife who was Daughter and Heir to William Basset of Blore Esq Widow to Henry Howard younger Son to Thomas Earl of Suffolk brought my Lord 2400 l. a Year Inheritance between six and seven thousand Pounds in Money and a jointure for her life of 800 l. a Year Besides my Lord increased his own Estate before the Wars to the value of 100000 l. and had increased it more had not the unhappy Wars prevented him for though he had some disadvantages in his Estate even before the Wars yet they are not considerable to those he suffered afterwards for the service of his King and Country For example His Father Sir Charles Cavendish had lent his Brother in Law Gilbert Earl of Shrewsbury 16000 l. for which although afterward before his death he setled 2000 l. a year upon him yet he having injoyed the said Money for many years without paying any use for it it might have been improved to my Lord 's better advantage had it been in his Fathers own hands he being a Person of great prudence in managing his Estate and though the said Earl of Shrewsbury made my Lord his Executor yet my Lord was so far from making any advantage by that Trust even in what the Law allowed him that he lost 17000 l. by it and afterwards delivered up his Trust to William Earl of Pembrook and Thomas Earl of Arundel who both married two Daughters of the said Earl of Shrewsbury And since his return into England upon the desire of Henry Howard Second Son to the late Earl of Arundel and Heir apparent by reason of his Eldest Brother's Distemper he resigned his Trust and Interest to him which certainly is a very difficult business and yet questionable whether it may lawfully be done or not But such was my Lord's Love to the Family of the Shrewsburies that he would rather wrong himself then it To mention some lawful advantages which my Lord might have made by the said Trust it may be noted in the first place That the Earl of Shrewsbury's Estate was Let in long Leases which by the Law fell to the Executor Next that after some Debts and Legacies were paid out of those Lands which were set out for that purpose they were setled so that they fell to my Lord. Thirdly Seven hundred pounds a year was left as a Gift to my Lord's Brother Sir Charles Cavendish in case the Countess of Kent Second Daughter to the said Earl of Shrewsbury had no Children But my Lord never made any advantage for himself of all these neither was he inquisitive whether the said Countess of Kent cut off the Entail of that Land although she never had a Child for my Lord's