the_o whole_a grant_n both_o for_o the_o land_n and_o tenure_n be_v the_o point_n wherein_o they_o do_v differ_v 4._o and_o for_o the_o clear_n of_o that_o they_o do_v inquire_v what_o the_o reservation_n of_o a_o tenure_n be_v to_o the_o grant_n whither_o it_o be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o grant_n and_o modus_fw-la concessionis_fw-la or_o whither_o it_o be_v a_o distinct_a thing_n and_o aliud_fw-la from_o the_o grant_n as_o this_o case_n be_v for_o if_o as_o they_o that_o argue_v for_o the_o letter_n patent_n hold_v the_o reservation_n of_o the_o tenure_n and_o the_o grant_n of_o the_o land_n be_v aliud_fw-la &_o aliud_fw-la two_o distinct_a thing_n in_o the_o consideration_n of_o the_o whole_a grant_n make_v and_o the_o authority_n give_v by_o the_o say_a commission_n for_o the_o make_v thereof_o then_o peradventure_o the_o patent_n may_v be_v void_a as_o to_o the_o tenure_n and_o yet_o good_a for_o the_o grant_n of_o the_o land_n but_o if_o the_o reservation_n of_o the_o tenure_n be_v incident_a unto_o the_o authority_n and_o include_v within_o it_o and_o the_o reservation_n of_o the_o tenure_n and_o the_o grant_n of_o the_o land_n make_v up_o but_o one_o entire_a grant_n so_o that_o the_o one_o be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o other_o and_o the_o reservation_n of_o the_o tenure_n be_v modus_fw-la concessionis_fw-la then_o the_o grant_n of_o the_o land_n reserve_v a_o diverse_a or_o contrary_a tenure_n to_o that_o which_o their_o authority_n do_v warrant_v they_o to_o reserve_v be_v a_o do_v of_o idem_fw-la alio_fw-la modo_fw-la and_o so_o the_o whole_a act_n be_v void_a they_o hold_v that_o the_o reservation_n of_o the_o tenure_n be_v modus_fw-la concessionis_fw-la and_o that_o it_o be_v not_o aliud_fw-la s._n a_o thing_n distinct_a and_o separate_a from_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o grant_n of_o the_o land_n but_o implyed_o include_v within_o it_o and_o incident_a to_o it_o although_o a_o grant_n may_v be_v without_o habendum_fw-la express_v tenendum_fw-la reddendum_fw-la or_o condition_n yet_o when_o they_o or_o any_o of_o they_o be_v add_v they_o be_v de_fw-fr modo_fw-la concessionis_fw-la and_o do_v direct_a and_o rule_v the_o grant_n 1._o for_o the_o habendum_fw-la the_o proper_a office_n of_o the_o habendum_fw-la be_v to_o limit_v the_o estate_n yet_o sometime_o it_o may_v 1._o alter_v the_o estate_n in_o the_o premise_n 2._o diminish_v or_o enlarge_v 3._o give_v to_o a_o stranger_n 4._o make_v the_o grant_v void_a 1._o it_o may_v alter_v the_o estate_n in_o the_o premise_n as_o where_o land_n be_v give_v to_o two_o in_o the_o premise_n habendum_fw-la the_o one_o moiety_n to_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o moiety_n to_o the_o other_o by_o the_o premise_n they_o have_v a_o joint_a estate_n the_o habendum_fw-la make_v they_o tenant_n in_o common_a litt._n 66._o so_o where_o land_n be_v give_v to_o two_o habendum_fw-la to_o the_o one_o for_o life_n the_o remainder_n to_o the_o other_o by_o the_o premise_n they_o shall_v have_v a_o joint_a estate_n in_o possession_n but_o the_o habendum_fw-la do_v alter_v that_o and_o make_v the_o one_o sole_a tenant_n of_o the_o freehold_n for_o life_n and_o the_o other_o sole_a tenant_n of_o the_o remainder_n 8._o e._n 3._o 320._o feoffment_n &_o faits_fw-fr 73._o 2._o it_o enlarge_n or_o diminish_v the_o estate_n that_o will_v pass_v by_o implication_n in_o the_o premise_n and_o so_o destroy_v the_o implication_n this_o be_v common_a in_o every_o grant_n 3._o it_o give_v to_o a_o stranger_n not_o name_v in_o the_o premise_n of_o the_o grant_n as_o if_o a_o man_n give_v land_n to_o i.s._n habendum_fw-la with_o a._n his_o daughter_n in_o frankmarriage_n there_o the_o wife_n not_o name_v in_o the_o premise_n by_o the_o habendum_fw-la take_v a_o joint_a estate_n with_o her_o husband_n this_o case_n be_v vouch_v in_o pl._n com._n 158._o to_o be_v in_o 4._o e._n 3._o which_o be_v not_o find_v in_o that_o year_n it_o be_v there_o so_o leave_v without_o any_o further_a reference_n but_o you_o shall_v find_v it_o in_o 5._o e._n 17._o so_o coke_n instit_fw-la sect_n 17._o yet_o vid._n 4._o e._n 3._o 4._o so_o likewise_o where_o a_o lease_n be_v make_v to_o a._n habendum_fw-la for_o twenty_o year_n the_o remainder_n to_o b._n and_o his_o heir_n here_o b._n gain_v a_o immediate_a freehold_n by_o the_o habendum_fw-la and_o yet_o he_o be_v not_o name_v in_o the_o premise_n of_o the_o deed_n plough_v com._n 158._o 4._o it_o will_v make_v the_o grant_v void_a as_o if_o i_o have_v a_o rent_n in_o fee_n and_o i_o grant_v it_o to_o another_o if_o i_o stay_v there_o the_o grant_n shall_v be_v for_o life_n but_o if_o i_o say_v further_o habendum_fw-la after_o the_o death_n of_o i.s._n there_o all_o shall_v be_v void_a plough_v com._n 152._o 156._o so_o if_o the_o king_n grant_v land_n by_o letter_n patent_n habendum_fw-la from_o a_o day_n to_o come_v there_o the_o whole_a grant_n be_v make_v void_a by_o the_o habendum_fw-la 5._o coke_n 93._o barwicks_n case_n he_o in_o the_o reversion_n for_o life_n grant_v his_o estate_n habendum_fw-la after_o michaelmas_n and_o after_o michaelmas_n the_o tenant_n atturne_v yet_o resolve_v that_o the_o grant_n be_v void_a though_o if_o there_o have_v be_v no_o habendum_fw-la it_o have_v be_v good_a by_o the_o premise_n of_o the_o deed_n buckler_n case_n 2._o coke_n 55._o in_o all_o these_o case_n the_o habendum_fw-la be_v void_a make_v void_a the_o grant_n which_o will_v have_v be_v good_a without_o it_o as_o the_o habendum_fw-la have_v these_o several_a operation_n in_o the_o grant_n so_o have_v 2._o the_o reddendum_fw-la as_o a_o estate_n by_o implication_n shall_v be_v control_v by_o a_o express_a limitation_n so_o a_o employ_v reservation_n shall_v be_v control_v by_o a_o express_a reservation_n a_o man_n make_v a_o lease_n render_v rend_v and_o do_v not_o say_v to_o who_o the_o rent_n shall_v be_v pay_v this_o by_o implication_n shall_v be_v to_o the_o lessor_n and_o his_o heir_n but_o if_o the_o word_n be_v to_o the_o lessor_n the_o heir_n shall_v not_o have_v it_o 31._o h._n 8._o dyer_n 45._o 12._o e._n 3._o ass_n 86._o plough_v com._n 171._o in_o hill_n and_o grange_n case_n 10._o e._n 4._o 18._o &_o 21._o h._n 7._o 25._o the_o reservation_n of_o a_o rent_n in_o some_o case_n shall_v make_v severance_n of_o the_o grant_n and_o make_v several_a grant_n and_o several_a reversion_n as_o if_o a_o man_n make_v a_o lease_n of_o three_o manor_n reserve_v twenty_o shilling_n for_o one_o five_o pound_n for_o another_o and_o twenty_o pound_n for_o the_o three_o there_o be_v several_a reversion_n and_o there_o shall_v be_v several_a avowry_n 14._o eliz._n dyer_n 308._o winter_n case_n 9_o e._n 3._o 12._o 5._o coke_n 55._o knight_n case_n 3._o for_o the_o tenendum_fw-la the_o proper_a office_n of_o the_o tenendum_fw-la be_v to_o reserve_v the_o tenure_n and_o to_o toll_v the_o tenure_n by_o implication_n before_o the_o statute_n of_o quia_fw-la emptores_fw-la terrarum_fw-la if_o a_o man_n make_v a_o feoffment_n the_o feoffee_n hold_v of_o the_o feoffor_a by_o such_o service_n as_o the_o feoffor_a hold_v over_o but_o if_o other_o service_n be_v reserve_v than_o the_o feoffee_n hold_v by_o such_o service_n as_o be_v reserve_v that_o the_o donee_n in_o tail_n shall_v hold_v of_o the_o donor_n as_o the_o donor_n hold_v over_o be_v regular_o true_a if_o the_o donor_n make_v no_o special_a reservation_n for_o then_o the_o special_a reservation_n exclude_v the_o tenure_n which_o the_o law_n will_v create_v coke_n instit_fw-la sect_n 19_o vid._n 34._o h._n 8._o dyer_n 52._o 4._o for_o the_o condition_n that_o do_v likewise_o direct_a and_o rule_v the_o grant_n the_o condition_n do_v change_v the_o quality_n of_o the_o grant_n and_o make_v the_o estate_n conditional_a and_o defeasible_a which_o otherwise_o will_v be_v absolute_a and_o indefeasible_a so_o that_o all_o these_o viz._n the_o habendum_fw-la the_o reddendum_fw-la the_o tenendum_fw-la and_o the_o condition_n be_v de_fw-fr modo_fw-la concessionis_fw-la and_o do_v rule_n and_o direct_v the_o grant_n the_o first_o limit_n and_o set_v forth_o the_o quantity_n the_o other_o describe_v the_o quality_n of_o the_o estate_n and_o of_o all_o these_o the_o tenendum_fw-la be_v inseparable_o annex_v to_o the_o estate_n the_o rest_n may_v be_v determine_v and_o yet_o the_o estate_n continue_v but_o the_o tenure_n can_v be_v determine_v as_o long_o as_o the_o estate_n continue_v 1._o the_o condition_n may_v be_v release_v 2._o the_o rent_n may_v be_v release_v 3._o the_o estate_n may_v be_v enlarge_v but_o the_o tenure_n can_v be_v destroy_v it_o may_v be_v transfer_v from_o one_o to_o another_o in_o case_n of_o common_a person_n but_o a_o tenure_n in_o capite_fw-la can_v be_v transfer_v or_o extinct_a by_o any_o release_n or_o grant_v for_o it_o be_v a_o incident_a inseparable_o annex_v to_o
upon_o letter_n of_o warrant_n or_o commission_n letter_n patent_n be_v make_v vary_v in_o any_o point_n material_a from_o the_o warrant_n or_o commission_n and_o all_o this_o appear_v within_o the_o body_n of_o the_o letter_n patent_n themselves_o that_o the_o letter_n patent_n be_v all_o utter_o void_a and_o this_o have_v be_v ever_o agree_v upon_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o difference_n between_o the_o manner_n of_o pass_v of_o letter_n patent_n in_o england_n and_o ireland_n but_o where_o the_o warrant_n or_o commission_n and_o the_o variance_n do_v not_o appear_v within_o the_o letter_n patent_n how_o it_o shall_v be_v aid_v for_o the_o king_n by_o averment_n or_o otherwise_o have_v be_v some_o doubt_n and_o question_n 5._o although_o that_o it_o be_v true_a that_o this_o commission_n be_v of_o a_o vast_a and_o large_a extent_n yet_o it_o be_v not_o boundless_a for_o the_o law_n always_o bound_n and_o circumscribe_v these_o ample_a authority_n with_o reasonable_a and_o equal_a construction_n without_o prejudice_n to_o other_o as_o it_o be_v resolve_v upon_o the_o commission_n of_o sewer_n upon_o which_o we_o have_v the_o report_a case_n in_o 5._o coke_n 99_o rook_n case_n &_o 10._o coke_n 138._o this_o commission_n of_o sewer_n give_v power_n and_o authority_n to_o the_o commissioner_n to_o proceed_v according_a to_o their_o wisdom_n and_o discretion_n which_o be_v a_o most_o ample_a power_n yet_o the_o law_n do_v bind_v and_o circumscribe_v it_o with_o a_o equal_a construction_n s._n that_o their_o proceed_n ought_v to_o be_v bound_v with_o the_o rule_n of_o reason_n law_n and_o justice_n and_o that_o their_o tax_n be_v equal_a and_o that_o all_o person_n that_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o danger_n or_o receive_v benefit_n by_o the_o reparation_n be_v contributory_a to_o a_o ratable_a and_o equal_a contribution_n of_o the_o charge_n and_o if_o they_o do_v otherwise_o their_o ordinance_n be_v void_a and_o they_o can_v make_v new_a invention_n as_o artificial_a mill_n for_o cast_v out_o of_o water_n etc._n etc._n for_o these_o general_a commission_n be_v all_o accompany_v in_o law_n with_o a_o equal_a and_o reasonable_a construction_n for_o the_o execution_n of_o they_o so_o this_o commission_n be_v a_o most_o ample_a and_o large_a commission_n for_o the_o secure_n of_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o subject_n in_o their_o land_n but_o yet_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v so_o execute_v according_a to_o la_o reason_n and_o justice_n that_o they_o do_v not_o prejudice_v the_o king_n in_o his_o tenor_n contrary_a to_o their_o warrant_n 6._o because_o that_o this_o reservation_n of_o a_o mean_a tenure_n be_v in_o other_o manner_n than_o the_o authority_n warrant_v and_o to_o the_o damage_n and_o prejudice_n of_o the_o king_n if_o the_o commission_n be_v to_o grant_v a_o estate_n for_o life_n and_o they_o grant_v a_o estate_n tail_n or_o if_o the_o commission_n be_v to_o grant_v in_o tail_n and_o they_o grant_v in_o fee_n all_o the_o patent_n be_v void_a because_o they_o do_v it_o in_o other_o manner_n than_o the_o authority_n warrant_v for_o the_o habendum_fw-la be_v modus_fw-la concessionis_fw-la if_o they_o reserve_v another_o rent_n then_o be_v warrant_v by_o the_o commission_n or_o parcel_n a_o entire_a rent_n where_o the_o rent_n in_o charge_n ought_v to_o be_v reserve_v although_o that_o it_o be_v several_a upon_o the_o survey_n yet_o the_o whole_a patent_n be_v void_a because_o that_o they_o do_v it_o in_o other_o manner_n than_o the_o authority_n warrant_v for_o the_o reddendum_fw-la be_v modus_fw-la concessionis_fw-la why_o then_o shall_v it_o not_o be_v the_o same_o reason_n in_o this_o case_n for_o here_o they_o reserve_v another_o tenure_n then_o that_o which_o be_v warrant_v by_o the_o commission_n and_o therefore_o they_o have_v execute_v their_o authority_n in_o other_o manner_n than_o their_o authority_n warrant_v for_o the_o tenendum_fw-la also_o be_v modus_fw-la concessionis_fw-la it_o be_v grant_v by_o they_o that_o argue_v on_o the_o other_o side_n that_o if_o it_o be_v prejudicial_a to_o the_o king_n the_o whole_a patent_n shall_v be_v void_a now_o it_o be_v most_o apparent_a that_o this_o employ_v tenure_n if_o it_o be_v admit_v will_v be_v great_o prejudicial_a to_o the_o king_n for_o the_o king_n shall_v loose_v his_o tenure_n and_o the_o fruit_n of_o his_o tenure_n in_o most_o case_n for_o ever_o and_o in_o all_o case_n for_o a_o long_a time_n and_o neither_o the_o master_n nor_o the_o attorney_n of_o the_o court_n of_o ward_n can_v help_v it_o and_o for_o that_o the_o course_n of_o patent_n here_o in_o ireland_n be_v observe_v first_o the_o commissioner_n give_v warrant_v for_o draw_v of_o the_o patent_n and_o the_o reservation_n of_o this_o mean_a tenure_n the_o king_n council_n draw_v the_o patent_n according_o and_o so_o it_o pass_v the_o signature_n of_o the_o lord_n deputy_n the_o privy_a signet_n and_o the_o great_a seal_n than_o it_o be_v enroll_v in_o the_o chancery_n all_o this_o while_n it_o be_v take_v according_a to_o the_o tenure_n express_v in_o the_o patent_n when_o it_o be_v enroll_v it_o be_v transcribe_v into_o the_o exchequer_n and_o the_o transcript_n deliver_v into_o the_o exchequer_n by_o the_o master_n of_o the_o roll_n the_o lord_n chief_a baron_n receive_v it_o and_o deliver_v it_o to_o the_o second_o remembrancer_n and_o he_o put_v it_o in_o charge_n according_a to_o the_o tenure_n express_v the_o escheator_n and_o feodary_n inform_v themselves_o of_o the_o king_n tenor_n there_o where_o if_o they_o make_v enquiry_n the_o patent_n be_v produce_v in_o which_o a_o express_a tenure_n be_v reserve_v they_o can_v judge_v the_o contrary_a and_o so_o it_o pass_v according_a to_o the_o express_a tenure_n and_o so_o have_v the_o letter_n patent_n now_o in_o question_n pass_v and_o the_o king_n by_o colour_n of_o they_o have_v lose_v the_o profit_n of_o the_o land_n and_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o tenure_n 7._o the_o express_a reservation_n in_o the_o letter_n patent_n exclude_v the_o reservation_n and_o implication_n of_o law_n although_o as_o in_o the_o case_n in_o question_n it_o tend_v to_o make_v void_a the_o whole_a grant_n it_o be_v a_o sure_a rule_n in_o law_n expressum_fw-la facit_fw-la cessare_fw-la tacitum_fw-la if_o the_o king_n upon_o his_o letter_n patent_n reserve_v no_o tenure_n it_o shall_v be_v a_o capite_fw-la tenure_n but_o if_o another_o tenure_n be_v express_v that_o shall_v prevail_v 33._o h._n 6._o 7._o per_n prisot_v in_o wheelers_n case_n 6._o coke_n 6._o where_o in_o a_o patent_n the_o word_n of_o the_o tenendum_fw-la be_v tenendum_fw-la de_fw-la nobis_fw-la per_fw-la servitium_fw-la unius_fw-la rosae_fw-la pro_fw-la omnibus_fw-la servitijs_fw-la it_o be_v object_v that_o the_o tenure_n as_o it_o be_v express_v can_v stand_v for_o that_o no_o tenure_n can_v be_v without_o fealty_n and_o the_o word_n be_v per_fw-la servitium_fw-la unius_fw-la rosae_fw-la pro_fw-la omnibus_fw-la servitijs_fw-la 2._o it_o be_v object_v that_o in_o case_n where_o no_o tenure_n be_v reserve_v or_o in_o case_n where_o it_o be_v express_v to_o be_v absque_fw-la aliquo_fw-la inde_fw-la reddendo_fw-la the_o tenure_n shall_v be_v knight_n service_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o therefore_o it_o be_v urge_v that_o the_o tenure_n in_o the_o principal_a case_n must_v needs_o be_v a_o capite_fw-la tenure_n by_o knight_n service_n and_o that_o the_o tenure_n express_v shall_v be_v void_a and_o give_v place_n to_o the_o better_a tenure_n for_o the_o king_n these_o be_v strong_a objection_n yet_o resolve_v in_o respect_n of_o that_o favour_n that_o be_v give_v to_o express_v reservation_n that_o in_o the_o say_a case_n fealty_n that_o be_v a_o incident_a to_o all_o service_n shall_v be_v admit_v to_o stand_v with_o the_o word_n and_o then_o the_o tenure_n express_o reserve_v be_v so_o complete_a that_o it_o may_v well_o exclude_v the_o knight_n service_n tenure_n which_o otherwise_o the_o law_n will_v have_v employ_v hereby_o may_v appear_v the_o favour_n that_o be_v give_v to_o express_v reservation_n and_o tenor_n that_o thereby_o a_o tenure_n in_o capite_fw-la by_o knight_n service_n shall_v be_v exclude_v a_o tenure_n which_o shall_v arise_v where_o nothing_o be_v reserve_v which_o shall_v arise_v though_o the_o word_n be_v absque_fw-la aliquo_fw-la inde_fw-la reddendo_fw-la vid._n sr_n john_n molins_n case_n 6._o coke_n 5._o it_o be_v agree_v on_o the_o other_o side_n that_o where_o the_o express_a tenure_n be_v good_a there_o it_o control_v the_o employ_v tenure_n but_o in_o our_o case_n it_o be_v void_a and_o where_o a_o tenure_n express_v be_v void_a a_o tenure_n by_o implication_n of_o law_n may_v arise_v but_o it_o be_v resolve_v that_o although_o the_o express_a tenure_n be_v void_a yet_o no_o tenure_n by_o implication_n of_o law_n shall_v arise_v against_o the_o express_a reservation_n and_o so_o in_o the_o case_n of_o a_o void_a habendum_fw-la which_o stand_v
the_o crown_n obj._n it_o be_v obj._n that_o the_o tenure_n be_v aliud_fw-la from_o the_o land_n for_o the_o land_n be_v the_o subject_n &_o the_o tenure_n belong_v to_o the_o king_n resp_n to_o that_o 1._o it_o be_v answ_n that_o the_o question_n be_v not_o whither_o the_o tenure_n be_v aliud_fw-la from_o the_o land_n for_o it_o be_v clear_a the_o land_n be_v one_o thing_n and_o the_o tenure_n another_o but_o the_o question_n be_v whither_o the_o reservation_n of_o the_o tenure_n be_v aliud_fw-la from_o the_o authority_n of_o grant_v the_o land_n or_o include_v in_o it_o as_o modus_fw-la concessionis_fw-la s._n they_o shall_v grant_v &_o grant_v in_o this_o manner_n 2_o it_o be_v answer_v both_o be_v the_o king_n but_o the_o tenure_n be_v asleep_a by_o the_o possession_n in_o the_o king_n and_o it_o be_v now_o to_o be_v awaken_v by_o this_o commission_n in_o which_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o intent_n and_o plain_a meaning_n of_o the_o king_n be_v to_o grant_v the_o land_n to_o the_o subject_n and_o to_o reserve_v the_o tenure_n for_o himself_o and_o that_o the_o tenure_n be_v not_o such_o a_o stranger_n to_o the_o land_n it_o be_v prove_v by_o our_o book_n in_o mary_n blages_n case_n 1._o h._n 4._o 2._o it_o be_v say_v that_o land_n lie_v natural_o in_o tenure_n 2._o that_o land_n lie_v always_o in_o tenure_n and_o therefore_o the_o tenure_n be_v of_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o land_n it_o arise_v out_o of_o the_o land_n and_o have_v existence_n in_o the_o land_n it_o be_v inherent_a in_o it_o and_o inseparable_a from_o it_o it_o be_v upon_o the_o matter_n of_o the_o essence_n of_o the_o grant_n of_o the_o land_n for_o no_o grant_n of_o land_n in_o feesimple_n to_o a_o common_a person_n either_o from_o the_o king_n or_o a_o common_a person_n can_v be_v without_o a_o tenure_n either_o express_v or_o employ_v we_o have_v not_o in_o our_o la_o proper_o allodium_fw-la that_o be_v any_o land_n in_o the_o hand_n of_o a_o subject_n that_o be_v not_o hold_v coke_n instit_fw-la sect_n 1._o the_o land_n only_o that_o be_v in_o the_o king_n possession_n be_v free_a from_o tenure_n for_o a_o tenant_n be_v he_o that_o hold_v of_o some_o superior_a lord_n by_o some_o service_n and_o therefore_o the_o king_n can_v be_v a_o tenant_n because_o he_o have_v no_o superior_a but_o god_n praedium_fw-la domini_fw-la regis_fw-la est_fw-la directum_fw-la dominium_fw-la cujus_fw-la nullus_fw-la est_fw-la author_n nisi_fw-la deus_fw-la and_o as_o bracton_n say_v lib._n 1._o cap._n 8._o omnis_fw-la quidem_fw-la sub_fw-la eo_fw-la &_o ipse_fw-la sub_fw-la nullo_n nisi_fw-la tantum_fw-la sub_fw-la deo_fw-la vid._n lestatute_n 16._o r._n 2._o cap._n 5._o 14._o eliz._n dyer_n 313._o 1._o coke_n 47._o vid._n 8._o coke_n 118._o where_o it_o be_v say_v that_o it_o will_v be_v against_o common_a right_n and_o reason_n that_o the_o king_n shall_v hold_v of_o any_o or_o do_v service_n to_o any_o of_o his_o subject_n and_o therefore_o some_o have_v think_v it_o not_o so_o proper_a in_o the_o king_n case_n to_o say_v that_o he_o be_v scise_v in_o dominico_fw-la svo_fw-la ut_fw-la de_fw-la feodo_fw-la cowell_n interpret_v verb._n feudum_fw-la &_o institut_fw-la p._n 66._o as_o if_o feodum_fw-la or_o fendum_fw-la be_v take_v in_o our_o law_n as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o feudall_a law_n only_o for_o land_n hold_v by_o service_n but_o with_o we_o it_o have_v another_o signification_n littleton_n tell_v we_o feudum_fw-la idem_fw-la est_fw-la quod_fw-la haereditas_fw-la and_o so_o it_o be_v define_v long_o before_o littleton_n by_o bracton_n and_o briton_n and_o fleta_n and_o in_o truth_n it_o have_v two_o signification_n in_o our_o book_n in_o the_o first_o it_o be_v take_v to_o be_v the_o same_o with_o a_o inheritance_n and_o so_o it_o be_v proper_a enough_o in_o the_o king_n case_n in_o the_o other_o it_o be_v take_v for_o land_n hold_v as_o in_o that_o of_o horse_n de_fw-fr son_n fee._n we_o find_v both_o in_o bracton_n lib._n 4._o cap._n 9_o fol._n 263._o feudum_fw-la est_fw-la quod_fw-la quis_fw-la tenet_fw-la ex_fw-la quacunque_fw-la causa_fw-la sibi_fw-la &_o haeredibus_fw-la suis_fw-la etc._n etc._n &_o alio_fw-la modo_fw-la dicitur_fw-la feudum_fw-la quod_fw-la quis_fw-la tenet_fw-la ab_fw-la alio_fw-la sicut_fw-la dicitur_fw-la talis_fw-la tenet_fw-la de_fw-la tali_fw-la tot_fw-la feuda_fw-la per_fw-la servicium_fw-la militare_fw-la and_o agree_v with_o he_o be_v fleta_n which_o for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v transcribe_v out_o of_o bracton_n lib._n 5._o cap._n 5._o and_o here_o just_a occasion_n may_v be_v take_v to_o clear_v our_o master_n littleton_n from_o that_o imputation_n which_o be_v cast_v upon_o he_o by_o the_o author_n of_o the_o common_a wealth_n of_o england_n pag._n 127._o where_o he_o lay_v ignorance_n to_o his_o charge_n for_o lay_v that_o feodum_fw-la idem_fw-la est_fw-la quod_fw-la haereditas_fw-la which_o say_v he_o it_o do_v not_o signify_v in_o any_o language_n it_o be_v easy_a to_o make_v it_o manifest_a how_o proper_a that_o sense_n be_v but_o because_o it_o have_v partly_o appear_v by_o that_o which_o have_v be_v say_v and_o for_o that_o the_o author_n of_o that_o book_n be_v not_o know_v for_o some_o have_v doubt_v whither_o sir_n thomas_n smyth_n be_v the_o author_n of_o it_o or_o no_o sir_n john_n fernes_n generosity_n pag._n 99_o and_o so_o to_o argue_v with_o he_o will_v be_v to_o fight_v with_o a_o shadow_n therefore_o they_o do_v abstain_v so_o that_o it_o be_v clear_a that_o only_a land_n in_o the_o king_n possession_n be_v free_a from_o tenure_n but_o if_o they_o once_o come_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o a_o common_a person_n there_o if_o the_o feoffor_a do_v not_o reserve_v a_o tenure_n the_o law_n will_n before_o the_o statute_n of_o quia_fw-la emptores_fw-la terrarum_fw-la if_o a_o man_n make_v a_o feoffment_n in_o fee_n and_o reserve_v no_o tenure_n the_o law_n do_v imply_v a_o tenure_n and_o the_o feoffee_n hold_v of_o the_o feoffor_a by_o such_o service_n as_o the_o feoffor_a hold_v over_o upon_o a_o feoffment_n make_v after_o that_o statute_n if_o no_o tenure_n be_v express_v the_o law_n will_v imply_v a_o tenure_n de_fw-fr capitalibus_fw-la dominis_fw-la and_o as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o case_n of_o common_a person_n so_o in_o the_o king_n case_n in_o every_o grant_n wherein_o feesimple_n pass_v there_o must_v be_v a_o tenure_n either_o express_v or_o imply_v of_o such_o necessity_n be_v the_o reservation_n of_o a_o tenure_n in_o the_o king_n grant_v that_o although_o the_o king_n shall_v grant_v land_n without_o any_o reservation_n of_o tenure_n or_o by_o express_a word_n absque_fw-la aliquo_fw-la inde_fw-la reddendo_fw-la yet_o the_o law_n will_v create_v a_o tenure_n in_o capite_fw-la 33._o h._n 6._o 7._o 6._o coke_n 7_o wheelers_n case_n 9_o coke_n 123._o anthony_n allows_v case_n 14._o h._n 6._o 12._o the_o abbot_n of_o st._n bartholomewes_n case_n the_o king_n grant_v land_n in_o fee_n tenendum_fw-la cy_fw-fr frankement_n come_fw-mi le_fw-fr roy_fw-fr esten_v son_n corone_n yet_o the_o patentee_n shall_v hold_v in_o capite_fw-la for_o it_o be_v vest_v in_o the_o king_n by_o his_o prerogative_n and_o can_v be_v extinct_a it_o be_v so_o inseparable_a it_o can_v be_v release_v in_o anthony_n allows_v case_n the_o king_n grant_v or_o release_v the_o service_n to_o his_o tenant_n and_o his_o heir_n this_o release_n can_v extinguish_v the_o tenure_n in_o all_o though_o where_o the_o tenure_n be_v by_o common_a knight_n service_n or_o socage_n it_o extinguish_v all_o the_o service_n but_o that_o only_a which_o be_v a_o incident_a inseparable_a to_o every_o tenure_n viz._n fealty_n and_o all_o for_o this_o reason_n because_o there_o be_v a_o necessity_n of_o a_o tenure_n and_o the_o king_n charter_n do_v not_o alter_v the_o law_n the_o tenure_n and_o service_n be_v part_n and_o parcel_n of_o the_o manor_n and_o shall_v go_v with_o the_o manor_n and_o descend_v as_o the_o manor_n to_o the_o heir_n of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o mother_n although_o it_o be_v new_o create_v 5._o e._n 2._o avowry_n 207._o beside_o consider_v the_o tenure_n in_o the_o commencement_n and_o fruit_n of_o it_o it_o be_v ever_o inherent_a in_o and_o relative_n to_o the_o land_n the_o commencement_n of_o the_o tenure_n s._n the_o form_n of_o do_v homage_n and_o fealty_n be_v that_o he_o shall_v be_v faithful_a and_o true_a for_o the_o land_n that_o he_o hold_v the_o fruit_n of_o the_o tenure_n what_o be_v they_o but_o the_o profit_n of_o the_o land_n wardship_n livery_n primer_n seisin_n relief_n fine_a for_o alienation_n and_o the_o rest_n and_o therefore_o where_o the_o land_n and_o signiory_n meet_v in_o a_o equal_a estate_n and_o right_a in_o the_o same_o person_n the_o signiory_n by_o unity_n of_o possession_n be_v extinguish_v and_o there_o be_v two_o reason_n give_v of_o that_o extinguishment_n 1._o because_o the_o signiory_n that_o be_v
first_o extract_v out_o of_o the_o land_n when_o it_o come_v to_o the_o land_n again_o it_o be_v natural_o extinct_a for_o it_o be_v revolutio_fw-la ad_fw-la materiam_fw-la primam_fw-la 2._o he_o that_o have_v all_o the_o profit_n entire_o can_v be_v say_v to_o have_v part_n of_o the_o profit_n sir_n i._o davys_n rep_v 5._o the_o escheat_n which_o be_v the_o last_o resort_n of_o the_o tenure_n be_v the_o land_n itself_o and_o therefore_o the_o reservation_n of_o the_o tenure_n can_v be_v say_v to_o be_v a_o distinct_a thing_n from_o the_o grant_n of_o the_o land_n as_o black-acre_n from_o whiteacre_n obj._n it_o be_v object_v that_o tenor_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v bring_v in_o by_o the_o conquest_n but_o grant_n be_v by_o the_o common_a la_o then_o if_o grant_n have_v be_v ancient_a than_o tenor_n the_o tenure_n of_o necessity_n must_v be_v aliud_fw-la from_o the_o thing_n grant_v to_o prove_v that_o this_o tenure_n be_v bring_v in_o by_o the_o norman_a conquest_n selden_n be_v cite_v in_o his_o spicileg_n to_o eadmer_n p._n 194._o where_o he_o have_v that_o out_o of_o bracton_n de_fw-fr acquir_n rerum_fw-la domin_v lib._n 2._o forinsecum_fw-la servitium_fw-la dicitur_fw-la regale_n servitium_fw-la quia_fw-la spectat_fw-la ad_fw-la dominum_fw-la regem_fw-la &_o non_fw-la ad_fw-la alium_fw-la &_o secundum_fw-la quod_fw-la in_o conquestu_fw-la fuit_fw-la adinventum_fw-la resp_n resp_n it_o be_v answer_v that_o m._n selden_n in_o that_o place_n do_v bare_o recite_v the_o word_n of_o bracton_n not_o deliver_v any_o opinion_n of_o his_o own_o for_o in_o that_o book_n cite_v pag._n 170._o and_o in_o his_o title_n of_o honour_n the_o last_o edition_n pag_n 612._o we_o find_v that_o he_o be_v of_o another_o opinion_n and_o that_o this_o tenure_n be_v in_o use_n in_o england_n in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o saxon_n what_o be_v those_o thani_fw-la majores_fw-la or_o thani_fw-la regis_fw-la among_o the_o saxon_n but_o the_o king_n immediate_a tenant_n of_o land_n which_o they_o hold_v by_o personal_a service_n as_o of_o the_o king_n person_n by_o grand_a serjeanty_n or_o knight_n service_n in_o capite_fw-la the_o land_n so_o hold_v be_v in_o those_o time_n call_v thainland_n as_o land_n hold_v in_o socage_n be_v call_v reveland_n so_o frequent_o in_o doomsday_n haec_fw-la terra_fw-la fuit_fw-la terra_fw-la regis_fw-la edwardi_fw-la thainland_n sed_fw-la postea_fw-la conversa_fw-la est_fw-la in_o reveland_n coke_n instit_fw-la sect_n 117._o after_o some_o year_n that_o follow_v the_o come_n of_o the_o norman_n the_o title_n of_o thane_n grow_v out_o of_o use_n and_o that_o of_o baron_n and_o barony_n succeed_v for_o thane_n and_o thainland_n whereby_o we_o may_v understand_v the_o true_a and_o original_a reason_n of_o that_o which_o we_o have_v in_o the_o lord_n cromwel_n case_n 2._o coke_n 81._o that_o every_o barony_n of_o ancient_a time_n be_v hold_v by_o grand_a serjeanty_n by_o that_o tenure_n be_v the_o thain-land_n hold_v in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o saxon_n and_o those_o thain_n land_n be_v the_o same_o that_o be_v after_o call_v barony_n it_o be_v true_a the_o possession_n of_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n be_v first_o make_v subject_n to_o knight_n service_n in_o capite_fw-la by_o william_n the_o conqueror_n in_o the_o four_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n for_o their_o land_n be_v hold_v in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o saxon_n in_o pura_fw-la &_o perpetua_fw-la eleemosyna_fw-la free_a ab_fw-la omni_fw-la servitio_fw-la saeculari_fw-la but_o he_o than_o turn_v their_o possession_n into_o barony_n and_o so_o make_v they_o baron_n of_o the_o kingdom_n by_o tenure_n so_o that_o as_o to_o they_o this_o tenure_n and_o service_n may_v be_v say_v to_o be_v in_o conquestu_fw-la adinventum_fw-la but_o the_o thain-land_n be_v hold_v by_o that_o tenure_n before_o as_o the_o king_n thane_n be_v a_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la so_o the_o thanus_n mediocris_fw-la or_o middle_a thane_n be_v only_o a_o tenant_n by_o knight_n service_n that_o either_o hold_v of_o a_o mean_a lord_n and_o not_o immediate_o of_o the_o king_n or_o at_o least_o of_o the_o king_n as_o of_o a_o honour_n or_o manor_n and_o not_o in_o capite_fw-la what_o be_v that_o trinoda_n necessitas_fw-la which_o so_o often_o occur_v in_o the_o grant_v of_o the_o saxon_a king_n under_o this_o form_n exceptis_fw-la istis_fw-la tribus_fw-la expeditione_n arcis_fw-la &_o pontis_fw-la exstructione_fw-la see_v it_o in_o a_o charter_n of_o king_n etheldred_n in_o the_o preface_n to_o coke_n 6._o report_n etc._n etc._n but_o that_o which_o be_v after_o express_v by_o salvo_n forinseco_fw-la servitio_fw-la bracton_n lib._n 2._o cap._n 26._o &_o 35._o 12._o ed._n 1._o gard._n 152._o 26._o ass_n 66._o selden_n analect_n anglobrit_fw-mi 78._o and_o therefore_o it_o be_v say_v that_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n be_v mistake_v who_o in_o his_o glossary_a verbo_fw-la feudum_fw-la refer_v the_o original_n of_o feud_n in_o england_n to_o the_o norman_a conquest_n it_o be_v most_o manifest_a that_o capite_fw-la tenor_n tenor_n by_o knight_n service_n tenor_n in_o socage_n frankalmoigne_n etc._n etc._n be_v frequent_a in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o saxon_n and_o if_o we_o will_v believe_v what_o be_v cite_v out_o of_o a_o old_a french_a customary_a in_o a_o mss_n treatise_n of_o the_o antiquity_n of_o tenor_n in_o england_n which_o be_v in_o many_o man_n hand_n all_o those_o tenor_n be_v in_o use_n long_o before_o the_o saxon_n even_o in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o britain_n there_o it_o be_v say_v the_o first_o british_a king_n divide_v britain_n into_o four_o part_n and_o give_v one_o part_n to_o the_o arch-flamines_a to_o pray_v for_o he_o and_o his_o posterity_n a_o second_o part_n he_o give_v to_o his_o earl_n and_o nobility_n to_o do_v he_o knight_n service_n a_o three_o he_o divide_v among_o husbandman_n to_o hold_v of_o he_o in_o socage_n the_o four_o part_n he_o give_v to_o mechanical_a person_n to_o hold_v in_o burgage_n but_o that_o testimony_n be_v waive_v there_o be_v little_a certainty_n or_o truth_n in_o the_o british_a story_n before_o the_o time_n of_o caesar_n neither_o will_v they_o make_v use_n of_o that_o which_o we_o be_v teach_v by_o william_n roville_n of_o alenzon_n in_o his_o preface_n to_o the_o grand_a customier_n of_o normandy_n that_o all_o those_o custom_n among_o which_o these_o tenor_n be_v be_v first_o bring_v into_o normandy_n out_o of_o england_n by_o edward_n the_o confessor_n beside_o that_o which_o have_v be_v say_v we_o find_v feud_n both_o the_o name_n and_o thing_n in_o the_o law_n of_o those_o time_n among_o the_o law_n of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n cap._n 35._o where_o it_o be_v thus_o provide_v debent_fw-la enim_fw-la universi_fw-la liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la etc._n etc._n secundum_fw-la feodum_fw-la suum_fw-la &_o secundum_fw-la tenementa_fw-la sva_fw-la arma_fw-la habere_fw-la &_o illa_fw-la semper_fw-la prompta_fw-la conservare_fw-la ad_fw-la tuitionem_fw-la regni_fw-la &_o servitium_fw-la dominorum_fw-la suorum_fw-la etc._n etc._n lambard_n archaionom_fw-la 135._o this_o law_n be_v after_o confirm_v by_o william_n the_o conqueror_n vid._n coke_n instit_fw-la sect_n 103._o as_o these_o tenor_n be_v common_a in_o those_o time_n so_o be_v all_o the_o fruit_n of_o they_o homage_n fealty_n escuage_z relief_n wardship_n for_o relief_n we_o have_v full_a testimony_n in_o the_o relief_n of_o their_o earl_n and_o thanes_z for_o which_o see_v the_o law_n of_o king_n canutus_n cap._n 68_o &_o 69._o the_o law_n of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n cap._n de_fw-fr heterochijs_fw-la and_o what_o out_o of_o the_o book_n of_o doomsday_n coke_n have_v in_o his_o instit_fw-la sect_n 103._o camden_n in_o berkshire_n selden_n in_o eadmer_n 154._o that_o wardship_n be_v then_o in_o use_n and_o not_o bring_v in_o by_o the_o norman_n as_o camden_n in_o his_o britt_n 179._o nor_o by_o hen._n 3._o as_o randolph_n higden_n in_o his_o polichronicon_n and_o other_o not_o understand_v he_o will_v persuade_v vid._n seldens_n note_n on_o fortescue_n 51._o among_o the_o privilege_n grant_v by_o edward_n the_o confessor_n to_o the_o cinque-port_n we_o meet_v with_o this_o that_o their_o heir_n shall_v not_o be_v in_o ward_n lambards_n perambulation_n of_o kent_n 101._o and_o in_o the_o custom_n of_o kent_n which_o be_v in_o the_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la of_o tottells_n edition_n and_o in_o lambards_n perambulac_n there_o be_v a_o rule_n for_o the_o wardship_n of_o the_o heir_n in_o gavell-kind_n and_o that_o he_o shall_v not_o be_v marry_v by_o the_o lord_n and_o those_o custom_n say_v of_o themselves_o that_o they_o be_v devant_fw-fr le_fw-fr conquest_n een_fw-mi le_fw-fr conquest_n for_o the_o antiquity_n of_o wardship_n in_o england_n and_o scotland_n see_v also_o hect._n boet._n lib._n 11._o buchanan_n rerum_fw-la scot._n lib._n 6._o and_o the_o law_n of_o malcolme_n 2._o which_o prove_v the_o antiquity_n of_o wardship_n in_o scotland_n and_o therefore_o in_o england_n before_o the_o norman_a conquest_n for_o in_o those_o