voluntary_a grant_n by_o copy_n have_v no_o lawful_a interest_n in_o the_o manor_n but_o only_o a_o usurp_a title_n his_o grant_n shall_v never_o so_o bind_v the_o right_a owner_n but_o that_o upon_o his_o entry_n he_o may_v avoid_v they_o otherwise_o we_o shall_v make_v custom_n a_o agent_n in_o a_o wrong_n which_o the_o law_n will_v never_o suffer_v and_o yet_o if_o the_o lord_n of_o a_o manor_n by_o his_o will_n in_o writing_n devise_v that_o his_o executor_n shall_v grant_v copy_n hold_v estate_n secundum_fw-la consuetudinem_fw-la manerii_fw-la for_o the_o payment_n of_o his_o debt_n etc._n etc._n and_o they_o make_v voluntary_a grant_v according_o these_o grant_n be_v good_a notwithstanding_o the_o executor_n have_v no_o interest_n in_o the_o manor_n nor_o be_v dominus_fw-la pro_fw-la tempore_fw-la if_o a_o disseinor_n of_o a_o manor_n die_v seize_v notwithstanding_o his_o heir_n come_v in_o by_o ordinary_a course_n of_o descent_n yet_o because_o the_o tort_n commence_v by_o his_o ancestor_n be_v still_o inherent_a to_o his_o estate_n if_o any_o copyhold_n estate_n be_v grant_v by_o the_o heir_n it_o may_v be_v avoid_v by_o the_o disseinor_n immediate_o upon_o his_o recovery_n or_o upon_o his_o entry_n and_o so_o if_o the_o disseinor_n infeoff_v a_o stranger_n of_o the_o manor_n notwithstanding_o the_o feoffee_n come_v in_o by_o title_n yet_o no_o grant_n make_v by_o he_o of_o copyhold-land_n shall_v ever_o bind_v the_o disseined_a no_o more_o than_o a_o grant_v make_v by_o the_o disseinor_n himself_o if_o tenant_n in_o tail_n of_o a_o manor_n discontinu_v and_o die_v and_o after_o the_o discontinuance_n grant_v copyhold_n estate_n the_o heir_n recover_v in_o a_o formidon_n in_o the_o discend_a may_v avoid_v these_o grant_n for_o though_o the_o discontinue_v come_v in_o under_o a_o just_a title_n yet_o his_o interest_n be_v determine_v by_o the_o death_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o tail_n the_o continuance_n of_o the_o possession_n be_v a_o tort_n to_o the_o heir_n and_o act_v do_v by_o tort-scisors_a tend_v to_o the_o dis-inheritance_n of_o the_o right_a owner_n custom_n will_v never_o so_o strengthen_v but_o they_o may_v be_v adnihilate_v so_o if_o a_o man_n seize_v of_o a_o manor_n in_o right_a of_o his_o wife_n alien_v this_o manor_n and_o die_v any_o grant_v make_v of_o copyhold_n estate_n after_o his_o death_n may_v be_v avoid_v by_o the_o feme_fw-fr upon_o her_o entry_n or_o upon_o her_o recovery_n in_o a_o gui_fw-la in_o vita_fw-la if_o a_o manor_n be_v grant_v pr._n aut_fw-la vie_fw-fr and_o cestay_n que_fw-fr vie_fw-fr die_v and_o the_o grantee_n continue_v still_o in_o the_o manor_n and_o make_v grant_n by_o copy_n these_o shall_v not_o bind_v the_o grantor_n of_o the_o manor_n for_o immediate_o upon_o the_o death_n of_o cestay_n que_fw-fr vie_fw-fr the_o grantee_n be_v but_o a_o tenant_n at_o sufferance_n and_o have_v no_o manor_n of_o lawful_a interest_n for_o a_o writ_n of_o entry_n ad_fw-la terminum_fw-la qui_fw-la preter_fw-la sit_fw-la lie_v against_o he_o as_o against_o deforceor_n and_o so_o if_o a_o tenant_n for_o life_n of_o a_o manor_n make_v a_o lease_n for_o year_n of_o the_o same_o manor_n and_o die_v copyhold_n estate_n grant_v by_o the_o lessee_n after_o the_o death_n of_o the_o tenant_n for_o life_n be_v voideable_a by_o the_o first_o lessor_n if_o a_o lessee_n for_o year_n of_o a_o manor_n grant_v a_o copyhold_n in_o reversion_n and_o before_o the_o reversion_n eschew_v the_o term_n be_v expire_v the_o grant_n be_v void_a and_o so_o i_o take_v the_o law_n to_o be_v if_o the_o lessee_n surrender_v his_o term_n and_o then_o before_o his_o lease_n shall_v have_v end_v in_o point_n of_o limitation_n the_o reversion_n fall_v yet_o the_o grantee_n shall_v not_o have_v it_o if_o a_o lease_n be_v make_v for_o year_n of_o a_o manor_n the_o lease_n to_o be_v void_a upon_o the_o breach_n of_o a_o certain_a condition_n if_o the_o condition_n be_v break_v and_o afterward_o the_o lessee_n before_o the_o entry_n of_o the_o lessor_n grant_v estate_n by_o copy_n these_o grant_n shall_v never_o exclude_v the_o lessor_n for_o present_o upon_o the_o breach_n of_o the_o condition_n the_o lease_n be_v void_a but_o have_v the_o manor_n be_v grant_v for_o life_n in_o tail_n or_o in_o fee_n i_o think_v law_n will_v have_v fall_v out_o otherwise_o for_o before_o entry_n the_o franck-tenement_n have_v not_o be_v avoid_v and_o wheresoever_o a_o man_n may_v enter_v and_o avoid_v any_o estate_n of_o franck-tenement_n upon_o the_o breach_n of_o a_o condition_n the_o law_n adjudge_v nothing_o to_o be_v in_o he_o before_o entry_n and_o he_o may_v waive_n the_o advantage_n which_o he_o may_v take_v by_o the_o breach_n of_o the_o condition_n if_o he_o will_v and_o therefore_o notwithstanding_o the_o accru_a of_o the_o title_n of_o the_o grantor_n yet_o before_o this_o title_n be_v execute_v by_o entry_n the_o grantee_n have_v such_o a_o lawful_a interest_n that_o what_o estate_n soever_o he_o grant_v by_o copy_n in_o the_o interim_n shall_v stand_v good_a against_o the_o grantor_n and_o so_o if_o a_o infant_n infeoff_v i_o of_o a_o manor_n though_o he_o may_v enter_v upon_o i_o at_o his_o pleasure_n yet_o grant_v make_v by_o i_o by_o copy_n before_o his_o entry_n shall_v never_o be_v defeat_v by_o any_o subsequent_a entry_n and_o the_o same_o law_n be_v of_o grant_n make_v by_o a_o villain_n purchaser_n of_o a_o manor_n before_o the_o entry_n of_o the_o lord_n or_o of_o grant_n make_v after_o a_o alienation_n in_o mortmayne_n before_o the_o lord_n paramount_n have_v enter_v for_o a_o forfeiture_n if_o a_o parson_n after_o institution_n and_o before_o induction_n a_o manor_n be_v parcel_n of_o his_o gleab_n land_n grant_n land_n by_o copy_n and_o after_o be_v induct_v this_o admit_v of_o the_o copyholder_n be_v no_o bind_v act_n for_o though_o as_o to_o the_o spiritualty_n he_o be_v a_o complete_a parson_n present_o upon_o the_o institution_n yet_o as_o to_o the_o temporality_n he_o be_v not_o complete_a before_o induction_n so_o if_o a_o parson_n be_v admit_v institute_v and_o induct_v but_o do_v not_o subscribe_v to_o the_o article_n according_a to_o the_o statute_n of_o 13._o eliz._n and_o grant_v land_n by_o copy_n as_o before_o this_o grant_n shall_v not_o conclude_v the_o succeed_a incumbent_n because_o his_o admission_n institution_n and_o induction_n be_v whole_o void_a in_o themselves_o but_o have_v the_o parson_n be_v deprive_v for_o crime_n or_o heresy_n or_o for_o be_v mere_a laicus_fw-la although_o he_o be_v declare_v by_o sentence_n to_o be_v uncapable_a of_o a_o benefice_n and_o so_o his_o presentment_n void_a ab_fw-la initio_fw-la yet_o because_o the_o church_n be_v once_o full_a until_o the_o sentence_n declaratory_a come_v for_o though_o the_o deprivation_n shall_v relate_v to_o some_o purpose_n yet_o because_o the_o presentment_n be_v not_o in_o itself_o void_a sure_o a_o relation_n shall_v never_o be_v so_o much_o favour_v as_o to_o avoid_v a_o copyhold_n estate_n in_o this_o kind_n so_o much_o of_o grant_n make_v by_o the_o lord_n themselves_o in_o grant_n make_v by_o copyholder_n as_o the_o law_n respect_v the_o quality_n of_o the_o copyholder_n estate_n so_o do_v it_o respect_v both_o the_o quality_n of_o his_o person_n and_o quantity_n of_o his_o estate_n the_o quality_n of_o person_n for_o whosoever_o be_v uncapable_a of_o dispose_v of_o land_n at_o the_o common_a law_n can_v without_o special_a custom_n pass_v away_o any_o copyhold_n the_o quantity_n of_o his_o estate_n for_o no_o copyholder_n can_v possible_o pass_v away_o more_o than_o be_v in_o he_o and_o therefore_o if_o there_o be_v joint_a tenant_n of_o a_o copyhold_n one_o can_v alien_n the_o whole_a but_o if_o there_o be_v two_o joint_a tenant_n of_o a_o manor_n and_o a_o copyholder_n escheat_v one_o of_o they_o may_v grant_v this_o copyhold_n and_o his_o companion_n shall_v never_o avoid_v any_o part_n of_o it_o if_o a_o copyholder_n for_o life_n the_o remainder_n over_o in_o fee_n to_o a_o stranger_n surrender_v in_o fee_n and_o the_o lord_n admit_v according_o yet_o a_o estate_n for_o life_n only_o pass_v so_o if_o the_o lord_n of_o a_o manor_n grant_v a_o copyhold_n for_o life_n where_o a_o estate_n in_o fee_n be_v warrantable_a and_o the_o same_o grantee_n surrender_v in_o fee_n to_o the_o use_n of_o a_o stranger_n and_o the_o lord_n admit_v he_o secundum_fw-la officium_fw-la sursumredditionis_fw-la i_o think_v no_o fee_n pass_v for_o though_o the_o lord_n admittance_n may_v prima_fw-la fancy_n seem_v to_o amount_v to_o a_o confirmation_n of_o the_o estate_n surrender_v the_o reversion_n rest_v in_o he_o to_o dispose_v of_o according_a to_o the_o custom_n as_o where_o a_o lessee_n for_o year_n at_o the_o common_a law_n make_v a_o feoffment_n in_o fee_n and_o make_v a_o letter_n of_o attorney_n to_o his_o lessor_n to_o deliver_v
infant_n or_o non_fw-la comp_n mentis_fw-la a_o idiot_n or_o lunatic_n a_o outlaw_n or_o a_o excommunicate_a yet_o what_o thing_n soever_o he_o perform_v as_o incident_a to_o his_o place_n can_v never_o be_v avoid_v for_o any_o such_o disabilitie_n because_o he_o perform_v they_o as_o a_o judge_n or_o at_o least_o as_o custom_n instrument_n and_o for_o his_o authority_n though_o it_o prove_v but_o counterfeit_n if_o it_o come_v to_o exact_a trial_n yet_o if_o in_o appearance_n or_o outward_a show_n it_o seem_v currant_n that_o be_v sufficient_a as_o if_o i_o grant_v the_o stewardship_n of_o my_o manor_n of_o dale_n by_o patent_n and_o in_o the_o patentee_n absence_n a_o stranger_n by_o my_o appointment_n keep_v court_n this_o be_v authentical_a if_o a_o grant_v of_o a_o stewardship_n be_v make_v to_o one_o and_o for_o some_o fault_n or_o defect_n in_o the_o grant_n it_o be_v avoidable_o yet_o court_v keep_v by_o he_o before_o the_o avoidance_n shall_v stand_v in_o force_n and_o whatsoever_o he_o do_v as_o steward_n be_v ever_o unavoidable_a as_o if_o a_o corporation_n retain_v a_o steward_n by_o paroll_n and_o he_o keep_v a_o court_n punish_v offence_n decide_v controversy_n take_v surrender_n make_v admittance_n either_o upon_o surrender_n or_o descent_n these_o act_n be_v judicial_a shall_v ever_o stand_v for_o currant_n though_o his_o authority_n be_v ground_v upon_o a_o wrong_a foundation_n for_o a_o corporation_n can_v institute_v any_o such_o officer_n without_o writing_n and_o so_o if_o the_o king_n auditor_n or_o receiver_n retain_v a_o steward_n by_o paroll_n he_o may_v lawful_o execute_v any_o judicial_a act_n but_o thing_n which_o he_o perform_v as_o custom_n instrument_n not_o as_o judge_n such_o as_o be_v voluntary_a admittance_n neither_o in_o the_o retainer_n by_o the_o corporation_n or_o in_o this_o retainer_n by_o the_o king_n officer_n shall_v any_o whit_n bind_v but_o if_o a_o stanger_n without_o the_o appointment_n of_o the_o lord_n or_o consent_v of_o the_o right_a steward_n or_o without_o any_o colour_n of_o authority_n will_v of_o his_o own_o head_n come_v into_o a_o manor_n and_o keep_v a_o court_n it_o seem_v that_o the_o performance_n of_o any_o judicial_a duty_n or_o the_o execute_n of_o any_o act_n whatsoever_o will_v not_o be_v warrant_v especial_o if_o the_o court_n be_v keep_v without_o warning_n give_v to_o the_o bailiff_n by_o precept_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n the_o office_n of_o a_o steward_n may_v be_v forfeit_v three_o manner_n of_o way_n 1._o by_o abuser_n 2._o by_o non_fw-fr user_fw-fr 3._o by_o refuser_n by_o abuser_n as_o if_o the_o steward_n burn_v the_o court_n roll_n or_o if_o he_o take_v a_o bribe_n to_o wink_v at_o any_o offence_n or_o use_v partiality_n in_o any_o cause_n depend_v before_o he_o these_o and_o the_o like_a abuse_n will_v make_v he_o subject_a to_o a_o forfeiture_n by_o non_fw-la user_n as_o if_o the_o steward_n by_o his_o patent_n be_v tie_v to_o keep_v court_n at_o certain_a time_n of_o the_o year_n without_o request_n to_o be_v make_v by_o the_o lord_n if_o he_o fail_v and_o by_o his_o failer_z the_o lord_n receive_v any_o prejudice_n this_o be_v a_o forfeiture_n but_o if_o the_o lord_n be_v not_o damnify_v than_o this_o non_fw-fr user_fw-fr be_v no_o forfeiture_n as_o if_o a_o parker_n attend_v not_o for_o the_o space_n of_o three_o or_o four_o day_n and_o no_o prejudice_n or_o damage_n happen_v in_o the_o interim_n this_o be_v no_o forfeiture_n and_o in_o office_n which_o concern_v the_o administration_n of_o justice_n or_o the_o commonwealth_n the_o law_n be_v more_o strict_a then_o in_o these_o office_n which_o concern_v private_a man_n for_o where_o a_o officer_n ex_fw-la officio_fw-la or_o of_o necessity_n ought_v to_o attend_v for_o the_o administration_n of_o justice_n or_o for_o the_o good_a of_o the_o commonwealth_n there_o non_fw-fr user_fw-fr or_o non_fw-fr attender_n in_o court_n be_v a_o forfeiture_n though_o this_o be_v prejudicial_a to_o no_o man_n as_o the_o office_n of_o the_o chamberlain_n in_o the_o exchequer_n a_o protonotary_n clarke_n of_o the_o warrant_n exigentur_fw-la filizar_n or_o the_o like_a in_o the_o common_a plea_n because_o the_o attendance_n of_o these_o and_o the_o like_a officer_n be_v of_o necessity_n for_o the_o administration_n of_o justice_n so_o the_o attendance_n of_o the_o clerk_n of_o the_o market_n be_v of_o necessity_n for_o the_o good_a of_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o so_o be_v hold_v of_o the_o sheriff_n turn_n etc._n etc._n by_o refuser_n the_o office_n of_o a_o steward_n may_v be_v thus_o forfeit_v if_o the_o steward_n be_v tie_v by_o his_o patent_n to_o keep_v court_n upon_o a_o demand_n or_o request_n to_o be_v make_v by_o the_o lord_n if_o the_o lord_n demand_v or_o reque_v he_o to_o keep_v a_o court_n and_o he_o fail_v this_o be_v a_o forfeiture_n though_o the_o lord_n be_v thereby_o nothing_o damnify_v and_o thus_o much_o of_o the_o steward_n sec_n xlvi_o the_o under_o steward_n be_v the_o steward_n deputy_n and_o sometime_o appoint_v by_o writing_n sometime_o by_o paroll_n and_o the_o extent_n of_o his_o authority_n be_v as_o great_a as_o the_o steward_n be_v own_o authority_n and_o his_o office_n consist_v in_o performance_n of_o the_o self_n same_o duty_n that_o the_o high_a steward_n himself_o be_v to_o perform_v only_o in_o this_o point_n the_o power_n of_o the_o steward_n go_v beyond_o the_o power_n of_o the_o understeward_n that_o the_o steward_n can_v make_v a_o admittance_n out_o of_o court_n and_o it_o shall_v stand_v good_a if_o entry_n be_v make_v in_o the_o court_n roll_n that_o he_o that_o be_v admit_v have_v pay_v his_o fine_a and_o have_v do_v fealty_n but_o the_o understeward_n though_o he_o may_v take_v a_o surrender_n out_o of_o the_o court_n yet_o he_o can_v make_v any_o admittance_n out_o of_o court_n without_o especial_a authority_n or_o particular_a custom_n some_o have_v think_v that_o a_o understeward_n may_v be_v make_v without_o special_a word_n in_o the_o steward_n patent_n authorise_v he_o to_o make_v a_o deputy_n but_o sure_o since_o it_o be_v a_o office_n of_o knowledge_n trust_n and_o discretion_n it_o can_v unless_o it_o be_v in_o case_n of_o necessity_n as_o if_o a_o office_n of_o stewardship_n descend_v unto_o a_o infant_n he_o may_v make_v a_o deputy_n because_o the_o law_n presume_v he_o be_v himself_o uncapable_a to_o execute_v it_o so_o if_o it_o be_v grant_v to_o a_o earl_n in_o respect_n of_o th'exility_n of_o the_o office_n in_o a_o base_a court_n and_o of_o the_o dignity_n of_o the_o person_n who_o be_v praepositus_fw-la comitatus_fw-la and_o have_v in_o ancient_a time_n the_o charge_n and_o custody_n of_o the_o whole_a shire_n who_o attendance_n the_o law_n intend_v to_o be_v most_o necessary_a upon_o the_o king_n and_o the_o commonwealth_n therefore_o it_o be_v employ_v in_o law_n for_o the_o conveniency_n that_o he_o may_v make_v a_o deputy_n for_o who_o he_o ought_v to_o answer_v this_o be_v one_o observation_n touch_v understeward_n in_o admittance_n make_v by_o understeward_n aswell_o as_o in_o admittance_n make_v by_o the_o steward_n themselves_o it_o be_v good_a order_n to_o express_v in_o the_o copy_n and_o in_o the_o court_n roll_n the_o name_n of_o the_o understeward_n or_o of_o the_o steward_n because_o in_o plead_v any_o admittance_n a_o man_n must_v say_v that_o he_o be_v admit_v by_o such_o a_o one_o understeward_n or_o steward_n name_v his_o name_n and_o this_o shall_v suffice_v touch_v the_o manner_n and_o mean_n of_o grant_v copyhold_n suffer_v i_o now_o in_o the_o four_o place_n to_o point_n at_o the_o several_a estate_n of_o copiholder_n together_o with_o their_o several_a quality_n incident_a to_o their_o several_a estate_n sec_n xlvii_o all_o estate_n whatsoever_o may_v be_v reduce_v to_o one_o of_o these_o three_o head_n 1._o inheritance_n 2._o francktenant_n 3._o chattel_n all_o inheritance_n be_v of_o two_o sort_n either_o fee_n simples_n or_o fee_n tail_n of_o fee_n simples_n some_o be_v determinable_a some_o be_v undeterminable_a determinable_a as_o where_o land_n be_v give_v to_o a_o man_n and_o his_o heir_n for_o so_o long_a time_n as_o paul_n steeple_n shall_v stand_v undeterminable_a as_o where_o land_n be_v give_v to_o a_o man_n and_o his_o heir_n without_o further_a limitation_n of_o fee_n tail_n some_o be_v general_a some_o be_v special_a general_n as_o where_o land_n be_v give_v to_o a_o man_n and_o the_o heir_n of_o his_o body_n or_o heir_n male_n or_o female_n of_o his_o body_n special_a as_o where_o land_n be_v give_v to_o a_o man_n and_o the_o heir_n male_n or_o female_n which_o he_o shall_v beget_v of_o such_o a_o woman_n all_o francketenant_n be_v of_o two_o sort_n either_o create_v by_o the_o act_n of_o the_o party_n or_o by_o the_o act_n of_o the_o law_n of_o francketenant_n create_v
therefore_o no_o lord_n of_o a_o manor_n can_v prescribe_v to_o have_v felon_n good_n fugitive_n good_n dâ—odands_n and_o such_o like_a because_o they_o can_v be_v forfeit_v until_o it_o appear_v of_o record_n but_o wave_n estray_v wreck_n and_o such_o like_a may_v be_v challenge_v by_o prescription_n because_o they_o be_v gain_v by_o usage_n without_o matter_n of_o record_n 2._o a_o custom_n never_o extend_v to_o a_o thing_n new_o create_v and_o therefore_o if_o a_o rent_n be_v grant_v out_o of_o gavelkind-land_n or_o land_n in_o borough-english_a the_o rent_n shall_v descend_v acorcord_v to_o the_o course_n of_o the_o common_a law_n not_o according_a to_o the_o custom_n if_o before_o the_o statute_n 32._o h._n 8._o land_n be_v deviseable_a in_o any_o borough_n or_o city_n by_o special_a custom_n a_o rent_n grant_v out_o of_o these_o land_n be_v not_o deviseable_a by_o the_o same_o custom_n for_o what_o thing_n soever_o have_v their_o beginning_n since_o the_o memory_n of_o man_n custom_n maintain_v not_o if_o there_o be_v a_o custom_n within_o a_o manor_n that_o for_o every_o house_n or_o cottage_n two_o shilling_n fine_a shall_v be_v pay_v if_o any_o tenant_n within_o these_o liberty_n make_v two_o house_n of_o one_o or_o build_v a_o new_a house_n he_o shall_v not_o pay_v a_o fine_a for_o any_o of_o these_o new_a house_n for_o the_o custom_n only_o extend_v to_o the_o old_a so_o if_o i_o have_v estover_n appendant_a to_o my_o house_n and_o i_o build_v a_o new_a house_n i_o shall_v not_o have_v estover_n for_o this_o new_a build_v house_n upon_o this_o ground_n it_o have_v be_v doubt_v if_o a_o man_n by_o prescription_n have_v course_n of_o water_n to_o his_o fulling-mill_n he_o convert_v these_o into_o corne-mill_n whether_o by_o this_o conversion_n the_o prescription_n be_v not_o destroy_v in_o regard_n that_o these_o come-mill_n be_v thing_n new_o create_v but_o because_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o thing_n and_o not_o the_o substance_n be_v alter_v therefore_o this_o alteration_n be_v hold_v insufficient_a to_o overthrow_v the_o prescription_n for_o if_o a_o man_n by_o prescription_n have_v estover_n to_o his_o house_n although_o they_o alter_v the_o room_n and_o chamber_n in_o the_o house_n as_o by_o make_v a_o parlour_n where_o there_o be_v a_o hall_n vele_fw-la conuerso_fw-la yet_o the_o prescription_n stand_v still_o in_o force_n and_o so_o if_o by_o prescription_n i_o have_v a_o ancient_a window_n to_o my_o hall_n and_o i_o convert_v this_o into_o a_o parlour_n yet_o my_o neighbour_n upon_o this_o change_n can_v stop_v my_o window_n causa_fw-la qua_fw-la supra_fw-la 3._o custom_n be_v likewise_o take_v strict_o though_o not_o always_o literal_o there_o be_v a_o custom_n in_o london_n that_o citizen_n and_o freeman_n may_v devise_v in_o mortmayne_n a_o citizen_n that_o be_v a_o foreigner_n can_v devise_v by_o this_o custom_n a_o infant_n by_o the_o custom_n of_o gavelkind_n at_o th'age_n of_o fifteen_o may_v make_v a_o feoffment_n yet_o he_o can_v by_o the_o custom_n make_v a_o will_n at_o that_o age_n to_o pass_v away_o his_o land_n to_o make_v a_o lease_n and_o a_o release_n which_o amount_v to_o a_o feoffment_n if_o there_o be_v any_o custom_n that_o copyhold-land_n may_v be_v lease_v by_o the_o lord_n vel_fw-la per_fw-la supervisor_n vel_fw-la deputatum_fw-la supervisoris_fw-la this_o custom_n give_v not_o power_n to_o the_o lord_n to_o authorise_v any_o by_o his_o last_o will_n and_o testament_n to_o keep_v a_o court_n in_o their_o own_o name_n and_o to_o make_v lease_n secundum_fw-la consuetudinem_fw-la manerii_fw-la but_o these_o custom_n have_v this_o strict_a construction_n because_o they_o tend_v to_o the_o derogation_n of_o the_o common_a law_n yet_o they_o be_v not_o to_o be_v confine_v to_o literal_a interpretation_n for_o if_o there_o be_v a_o custom_n within_o any_o manor_n that_o copyhold_n land_n may_v be_v grant_v in_o feodo_n simplici_fw-la by_o the_o same_o custom_n they_o be_v grantable_a to_o one_o and_o the_o heir_n of_o his_o body_n for_o life_n for_o year_n or_o any_o other_o estate_n whatsoever_o because_o cui_fw-la licet_fw-la quod_fw-la majus_fw-la non_fw-la debet_fw-la quod_fw-la minus_fw-la est_fw-la non_fw-la licere_fw-la so_o if_o there_o be_v a_o custom_n that_o copyhold_n land_n may_v be_v grant_v for_o life_n by_o the_o same_o custom_n they_o may_v be_v grant_v durante_fw-la viduitate_fw-la but_o not_o e_fw-la conuerso_fw-la because_o a_o estate_n during_o widowhood_n be_v less_o than_o a_o estate_n for_o life_n before_o the_o statute_n of_o 32._o h._n 8._o land_n in_o certain_a borough_n be_v devisable_v by_o custom_n by_o the_o same_o custom_n be_v implicit_a warrant_v authorise_a executor_n to_o sell_v land_n devisable_v now_o with_o your_o patience_n i_o will_v only_o point_v at_o the_o manner_n of_o plead_v of_o custom_n i_o find_v a_o fourfold_a kind_n of_o prescribe_v 1._o to_o prescribe_v in_o his_o predecessor_n as_o in_o himself_o and_o all_o those_o who_o estate_n he_o have_v 2._o to_o prescribe_v general_o not_o tie_v his_o prescription_n to_o place_n or_o person_n as_o where_o a_o chief_a justice_n prescribe_v that_o it_o have_v be_v use_v that_o every_o chief_a justice_n may_v grant_v office_n or_o where_o a_o sergeant_n prescribe_v quod_fw-la talis_fw-la habetur_fw-la consuetudo_fw-la that_o sergeant_n ought_v to_o be_v implead_v by_o original_a writ_n and_o not_o by_o bill_n 3._o to_o prescribe_v in_o a_o place_n certain_a 4._o to_o prescribe_v in_o the_o place_n of_o another_o the_o first_o sort_n of_o these_o prescription_n a_o copyholder_n can_v use_v in_o regard_n of_o the_o imbecility_n of_o his_o estate_n for_o no_o man_n can_v prescribe_v in_o that_o manner_n but_o only_a tenant_n in_o fee_n simple_a at_o the_o common_a law_n the_o second_o sort_n of_o these_o may_v be_v use_v sometime_o by_o copyholder_n in_o the_o plead_n of_o a_o general_a custom_n but_o in_o allege_v of_o a_o particular_a custom_n a_o copyholder_n be_v drive_v to_o one_o of_o the_o last_o and_z as_o occasion_n serve_v he_o use_v sometime_o the_o one_o sometime_o the_o other_o if_o he_o be_v to_o claim_v common_a or_o other_o profit_n in_o the_o soil_n of_o the_o lord_n than_o he_o can_v prescribe_v in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o lord_n for_o the_o lord_n can_v prescribe_v to_o have_v common_a or_o other_o profit_n in_o his_o own_o soil_n but_o then_o the_o copyholder_n must_v of_o necessity_n prescribe_v in_o a_o place_n certain_a and_o allege_v that_o within_o such_o a_o manor_n there_o be_v such_o a_o custom_n that_o all_o the_o tenant_n within_o that_o manor_n have_v use_v to_o have_v common_a in_o such_o a_o place_n parcel_n of_o the_o manor_n but_o if_o he_o be_v to_o claim_v common_a or_o other_o profit_n in_o the_o soil_n of_o a_o stranger_n than_o he_o ought_v to_o prescribe_v in_o the_o name_n of_o his_o lord_n say_v that_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o manor_n and_o all_o his_o ancestor_n and_o all_o those_o who_o estate_n he_o have_v be_v wont_a to_o have_v a_o common_a in_o such_o a_o place_n for_o himself_o and_o his_o tenant_n at_o will_n etc._n etc._n sec_n xxxiv_o thus_o much_o of_o custom_n i_o come_v now_o home_o to_o copyholder_n and_o in_o the_o three_o place_n i_o hold_v it_o the_o best_a course_n to_o dilate_v upon_o the_o manner_n and_o mean_n of_o grant_v copy-holds_a wherein_o i_o will_v only_o rely_v upon_o these_o five_o part_n 1._o upon_o the_o person_n of_o the_o grantor_n 2._o upon_o the_o person_n of_o the_o grantee_n 3._o upon_o the_o grant_n itself_o 4._o upon_o the_o thing_n grant_v 5._o upon_o the_o instrument_n through_o who_o hand_n as_o through_o conduit-pipe_n the_o land_n be_v gradatim_fw-la convey_v to_o the_o purchasor_n and_o first_o of_o the_o person_n of_o the_o grantor_n sometime_o the_o lord_n himself_o be_v grantor_n sometime_o a_o copyholder_n in_o voluntary_a grant_n make_v by_o the_o lord_n himself_o the_o law_n neither_o respect_v the_o quality_n of_o his_o person_n nor_o the_o quantity_n of_o his_o estate_n for_o be_v he_o a_o infant_n and_o so_o through_o the_o tenderness_n of_o his_o age_n insufficient_a to_o dispose_v of_o any_o land_n at_o the_o common_a law_n or_o non_fw-la compos_fw-la mentis_fw-la a_o idiot_n or_o a_o lunatic_n and_o so_o for_o want_v of_o common_a reason_n unable_a to_o traffic_v in_o the_o world_n or_o a_o outlaw_n in_o any_o personal_a action_n and_o so_o exclude_v from_o the_o protection_n of_o the_o law_n or_o a_o excommunicate_a etc._n etc._n and_o so_o restrain_v ab_fw-la omnium_fw-la fidelium_fw-la communione_fw-la or_o at_o least_o à _fw-la sacramentorum_fw-la partitipatione_fw-la notwithstanding_o these_o infirmity_n and_o disability_n yet_o he_o be_v capable_a enough_o to_o make_v a_o voluntary_a grant_n by_o copy_n for_o if_o a_o feme_fw-fr seignioresse_n take_v baron_n and_o they_o two_o join_v in_o a_o voluntary_a grant_n by_o copy_n
this_o shall_v ever_o bind_v the_o feme_fw-fr and_o her_o heir_n and_o yet_o she_o be_v not_o svi_fw-la juris_fw-la but_o sub_fw-la potestate_fw-la viri_fw-la because_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o manor_n be_v the_o chief_a basis_n upon_o which_o stand_v the_o whole_a fabric_n of_o the_o copyhold_n estate_n and_o therefore_o what_o custom_n do_v confirm_v to_o a_o copyholder_n the_o law_n will_v ever_o allow_v and_o never_o seek_v to_o avoid_v it_o in_o respect_n of_o any_o such_o imperfection_n in_o the_o grantors_n person_n and_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o lord_n estate_n be_v no_o more_o respect_v than_o the_o quality_n of_o his_o person_n for_o if_o his_o interest_n be_v lawful_a be_v his_o estate_n never_o so_o great_a or_o never_o so_o little_a it_o be_v not_o material_a for_o be_v it_o in_o fee_n or_o be_v it_o in_o tail_n or_o dower_n or_o as_o tenant_n by_o courtesy_n for_o life_n or_o for_o year_n as_o guardian_n or_o as_o tenant_n by_o statute_n or_o as_o tenant_n by_o elegit_fw-la or_o at_o will_n the_o least_o of_o these_o estate_n be_v a_o sufficient_a warrant_n to_o the_o lord_n to_o grant_v any_o copyhold_n esheat_v unto_o he_o for_o as_o long_a time_n as_o the_o custom_n do_v allow_v the_o ancient_a rent_n and_o service_n be_v true_o reserve_v and_o these_o grant_n shall_v ever_o bind_v they_o that_o have_v the_o inheritance_n or_o franck-tenement_n of_o the_o manor_n as_o well_o as_o office_n grant_v for_o life_n by_o the_o chief_a justice_n of_o the_o common_a plea_n who_o office_n be_v but_o at_o will_n shall_v ever_o conclude_v the_o succeed_a justice_n the_o reason_n of_o the_o law_n be_v this_o a_o copyholder_n upon_o voluntary_a grant_n make_v by_o copy_n do_v not_o derive_v his_o estate_n out_o of_o the_o lord_n estate_n only_o for_o then_o the_o copy-holders_n estate_n shall_v cease_v when_o the_o lord_n interest_n determine_v nam_fw-la cessante_fw-la primitivo_fw-la cessat_fw-la derivativus_fw-la but_o the_o life_n of_o the_o copy-holders_n estate_n be_v the_o custom_n of_o the_o manor_n and_o therefore_o whatsoever_o befall_v the_o lord_n interest_n in_o his_o manor_n be_v it_o determine_v by_o the_o course_n of_o time_n by_o death_n by_o forfeiture_n or_o other_o mean_n yet_o if_o the_o lord_n be_v legitimus_fw-la dominus_fw-la pro_fw-la tempore_fw-la how_o small_a so_o ever_o his_o estate_n be_v that_o be_v enough_o for_o the_o same_o custom_n that_o fix_v a_o copyholder_n instant_o in_o his_o land_n upon_o his_o admittance_n will_v likewise_o preserve_v and_o protect_v his_o interest_n to_o the_o end_n in_o such_o manner_n that_o though_o the_o lord_n interest_n fail_v yet_o his_o shall_v never_o fall_v to_o ground_n be_v uphold_v by_o such_o a_o prop_n such_o a_o pillar_n unless_o perchance_o the_o copyholder_n offer_v violence_n to_o his_o founder_n in_o break_v the_o custom_n if_o the_o lord_n grant_v a_o copyhold_n and_o after_o do_v sever_v this_o copyholder_n from_o the_o manor_n by_o grant_v the_o inheritance_n to_o a_o stranger_n though_o now_o one_o of_o the_o chief_a pillar_n of_o a_o copyhold_n estate_n be_v want_v viz._n to_o be_v parcel_n of_o the_o manor_n yet_o because_o the_o land_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o copy-holders_n admittance_n have_v this_o necessary_a incident_a this_o severance_n be_v a_o matter_n ex_fw-la post_fw-la facto_fw-la can_v amount_v to_o the_o destruction_n of_o the_o copyhold_n espicial_o be_v the_o sole_a act_n of_o the_o lord_n himself_o if_o a_o manor_n be_v grant_v upon_o condition_n and_o before_o the_o condition_n be_v break_v the_o land_n be_v grant_v by_o copy_n than_o the_o manor_n become_v forfeit_v and_o the_o feoffer_n enter_v yet_o the_o copyhold_n estate_n remain_v untouched_a because_o lawful_o establish_v by_o custom_n and_o yet_o all_o mean_a estate_n and_o charge_n whatsoever_o grant_v by_o the_o feoffee_n at_o the_o common_a law_n be_v voidable_a upon_o the_o entry_n of_o the_o feoffer_n for_o we_o have_v a_o ground_n in_o law_n that_o when_o a_o entry_n be_v make_v for_o breach_n of_o a_o condition_n the_o party_n to_o all_o intent_n and_o purpose_n be_v in_o the_o same_o plight_n that_o he_o be_v in_o at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o make_n of_o the_o estate_n if_o a_o man_n seize_v of_o a_o manor_n in_o fee_n die_v seize_v have_v issue_n a_o daughter_n and_o his_o wife_n be_v privement_n inseint_a with_o a_o son_n and_o the_o daughter_n grant_v land_n by_o copy_n this_o grant_n shall_v stand_v good_a against_o the_o son_n for_o the_o daughter_n be_v legitime_a domina_fw-la pro_fw-la tempore_fw-la so_o if_o the_o feoffee_n of_o a_o manor_n upon_o condition_n to_o infeoff_v a_o stranger_n the_o next_o day_n make_v a_o voluntary_a grant_n by_o copy_n this_o shall_v bind_v and_o yet_o his_o interest_n be_v to_o have_v but_o small_a continuance_n if_o a_o manor_n be_v grant_v with_o a_o feme_fw-fr in_o francke_n marriage_n and_o there_o be_v a_o divorce_n have_v causa_fw-la paercontractus_fw-la so_o that_o now_o the_o interest_n of_o the_o manor_n be_v now_o grant_v to_o the_o feme_fw-fr only_a and_o by_o relation_n the_o marriage_n be_v void_a ab_fw-la initio_fw-la yet_o because_o the_o baron_n be_v legitimus_fw-la dominus_fw-la pro_fw-la tempore_fw-la any_o copyholder_n estate_n grant_v before_o the_o divorce_n remain_v good_a so_o if_o a_o man_n espouse_v a_o feme_fw-fr seignioresse_n under_o the_o age_n of_o consent_n and_o after_o she_o do_v disagree_v though_o the_o marriage_n by_o relation_n be_v void_a ab_fw-la initio_fw-la yet_o copyhold_n grant_v before_o disagreement_n shall_v never_o be_v avoid_v causa_fw-la qua_fw-la supra_fw-la if_o the_o lord_n of_o a_o manor_n commit_v felony_n or_o murder_n and_o process_n of_o outlawry_n be_v award_v against_o he_o after_o the_o exigent_n he_o grant_v copyhold_n estate_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n and_o then_o be_v attaint_v these_o grant_n be_v authentical_a though_o by_o relation_n the_o manor_n be_v forfeit_v from_o the_o time_n of_o the_o exigent_n award_v so_o if_o the_o lord_n have_v be_v attaint_v by_o verdict_n or_o confession_n any_o grant_n by_o copy_n after_o the_o felony_n or_o murder_v commit_v shall_v stand_v good_a notwithstanding_o the_o relation_n if_o the_o lord_n of_o a_o manor_n acknowledge_v a_o statute_n and_o then_o grant_v land_n by_o copy_n and_o after_o the_o manor_n be_v deliver_v to_o the_o cognisee_fw-mi in_o extent_n the_o grant_n can_v by_o this_o be_v impeach_v and_o if_o the_o lord_n of_o a_o manor_n take_v a_o wife_n and_o after_o make_v copyhold_n estate_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n and_o die_v though_o the_o feme_fw-fr have_v this_o manor_n assign_v unto_o she_o for_o her_o dower_n yet_o can_v she_o avoid_v these_o copyhold_n estate_n because_o the_o copyholder_n be_v in_o by_o a_o title_n paramount_n the_o title_n of_o the_o feme_fw-fr viz._n by_o custom_n but_o paradventure_o if_o the_o heir_n after_o the_o death_n of_o his_o ancestor_n before_o the_o assignment_n make_v unto_o the_o feme_fw-fr for_o her_o dower_n have_v grant_v land_n by_o copy_n the_o feme_fw-fr may_v avoid_v these_o grant_n because_o instant_o upon_o the_o death_n of_o the_o baron_n her_o title_n receive_v his_o perfection_n and_o nothing_o more_o be_v want_v to_o the_o confirmation_n of_o her_o interest_n but_o though_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o lord_n estate_n in_o the_o manor_n be_v not_o respect_v yet_o the_o quantity_n of_o his_o estate_n in_o the_o copyhold_n be_v regard_v for_o if_o a_o copyholder_n in_o fee_n surrender_v to_o the_o use_n of_o the_o lord_n for_o life_n the_o remainder_n over_o to_o a_o stranger_n or_o reserve_v the_o reversion_n to_o himself_o if_o the_o lord_n will_v grant_v this_o by_o copy_n in_o fee_n whatsoever_o estate_n the_o lord_n have_v in_o his_o manor_n yet_o have_v but_o a_o estate_n for_o life_n in_o the_o copyhold_n no_o large_a estate_n shall_v pass_v than_o he_o himself_o have_v quia_fw-la nemo_fw-la potest_fw-la plus_fw-la juris_fw-la in_o alium_fw-la transfer_v quam_fw-la ipse_fw-la habet_fw-la and_o further_o observe_v that_o sometime_o the_o law_n respect_v the_o quantity_n of_o the_o lord_n estate_n in_o the_o manor_n for_o what_o act_v so_o ever_o be_v not_o confirm_v by_o custom_n but_o only_o strengthen_v by_o the_o power_n authority_n and_o interest_n of_o the_o lord_n have_v no_o long_o continuance_n than_o the_o lord_n estate_n continue_v and_o therefore_o it_o be_v hold_v that_o if_o a_o tenant_n for_o life_n of_o a_o manor_n grant_v a_o licence_n to_o a_o copyholder_n to_o alien_n and_o die_v the_o licence_n be_v destroy_v and_o the_o power_n of_o alienation_n cease_v as_o for_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o lord_n estate_n in_o the_o manor_n that_o be_v much_o more_o now_o respect_v than_o either_o the_o quality_n of_o his_o estate_n or_o the_o quality_n of_o his_o person_n for_o if_o the_o lord_n or_o he_o who_o soever_o it_o be_v that_o make_v a_o
these_o grant_v a_o estate_n tail_n pass_v in_o the_o first_o without_o the_o word_n heir_n in_o the_o second_o without_o the_o word_n body_n in_o the_o three_o without_o either_o if_o the_o king_n by_o his_o steward_n grant_v a_o copyhold_n to_o a_o man_n and_o to_o his_o heir_n male_n or_o heir_n female_n no_o fee-simple_n pass_v because_o the_o lord_n never_o intend_v to_o pass_v such_o a_o estate_n if_o a_o copyhold_n be_v grant_v to_o a_o abbot_n and_o to_o his_o heir_n a_o estate_n for_o life_n only_o pass_v so_o if_o i_o grant_v a_o copyhold_n to_o a_o man_n in_o fee-simple_n ac_fw-la sanguini_fw-la svo_fw-la imperpetum_fw-la or_o sibi_fw-la &_o assign_v suis_fw-la impeâ—pectum_fw-la yet_o the_o word_n heir_n want_v no_o great_a estate_n than_o for_o life_n pass_v the_o same_o law_n be_v if_o a_o copyhold_n be_v grant_v to_o a_o man_n and_o to_o his_o heir_n as_o long_o as_o i._n s._n shall_v live_v this_o be_v only_o a_o estate_n per_fw-la anter_n vie_fw-fr &_o a_o rend_v limit_v upon_o this_o estate_n be_v good_a but_o if_o a_o copyhold_n be_v grant_v to_o a_o man_n and_o to_o his_o heir_n as_o long_o as_o such_o a_o tree_n shall_v grow_v in_o such_o a_o ground_n this_o be_v a_o good_a fee_n and_o a_o render_v limit_v upon_o it_o be_v void_a if_o a_o copyhold_n be_v grant_v to_o i._n s._n and_o i._n n._n &_o haeredibus_fw-la they_o be_v joint_a tenant_n for_o life_n and_o no_o inheritance_n pass_v unto_o either_o because_o of_o the_o uncertainty_n for_o want_v of_o this_o word_n suis_fw-la but_o if_o a_o copyhold_n be_v grant_v to_o i._n s._n only_o &_o haerend_a a_o good_a fee-simple_n pass_v without_o the_o word_n suis_fw-fr if_o a_o copyhold_n be_v grant_v to_o a_o man_n &_o haered_a bus_fw-la a_o estate_n tail_n do_v not_o pass_v for_o want_v of_o the_o word_n de_fw-fr corpore_fw-la and_o if_o a_o copyhold_n be_v grant_v to_o a_o man_n &_o liberis_fw-la aut_fw-la pver_fw-la suis_fw-fr de_fw-fr corpore_fw-la a_o estate_n tail_n do_v not_o pass_v for_o want_v of_o this_o word_n heir_n for_o what_o estate_n soever_o be_v intayle_n since_o the_o statute_n de_fw-fr donis_fw-la conditionalibus_fw-la be_v fee-simple_n conditional_a but_o this_o can_v be_v no_o fee-simple_n conditional_a before_o the_o statute_n without_o the_o word_n heir_n and_o therefore_o no_o intayle_v since_o the_o statute_n and_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n if_o a_o copyhold_n be_v grant_v to_o a_o man_n and_o to_o the_o issue_v male_n of_o his_o body_n a_o estate_n for_o life_n only_o pass_v if_o a_o copyhold_n be_v grant_v to_o a_o man_n without_o express_v any_o certain_a estate_n by_o implication_n of_o law_n a_o estate_n for_o life_n only_o pass_v and_o if_o i_o grant_v a_o copyhold_n to_o three_o habendum_fw-la successive_a they_o be_v joint_a tenant_n unless_o by_o special_a custom_n the_o word_n successive_a make_v their_o estate_n several_a thus_o much_o touch_v the_o creation_n of_o copyhold_n estate_n sec_n l._n the_o descent_n of_o copyhold_n of_o inheritance_n be_v guide_v and_o direct_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o common_a law_n as_o well_o as_o the_o creation_n of_o copyhold_n estate_n if_o a_o copyholder_n in_o fee-simple_n have_v issue_n a_o son_n and_o a_o daughter_n by_o one_o venture_n and_o a_o son_n by_o a_o other_o venture_n die_v and_o the_o son_n by_o the_o first_o venture_n enter_v and_o die_v the_o land_n shall_v descend_v to_o the_o daughter_n quia-possessio_a fratris_fw-la de_fw-la feodo_fw-la simplici_fw-la facit_fw-la sororem_fw-la esse_fw-la haeredem_fw-la but_o if_o a_o copyholder_n in_o tail_n have_v issue_n a_o son_n and_o a_o daughter_n by_o one_o venture_n and_o a_o son_n by_o another_o venture_n die_v and_o the_o son_n by_o the_o first_o venture_n enter_v and_o die_v the_o son_n of_o the_o second_o venture_n shall_v inherit_v if_o a_o man_n have_v issue_n a_o son_n and_o a_o daughter_n by_o one_o venture_n and_o a_o son_n by_o another_o venture_n the_o elder_a son_n purchase_v a_o copyhold_n in_o fee_n and_o die_v without_o issue_n the_o daughter_n shall_v have_v the_o land_n not_o the_o young_a son_n because_o he_o be_v but_o of_o the_o half_a blood_n to_o the_o other_o if_o a_o man_n have_v a_o copyhold_n by_o descent_n from_o his_o mother_n side_n if_o he_o die_v without_o issue_n the_o land_n shall_v go_v to_o the_o heir_n of_o the_o mother_n side_n and_o shall_v rather_o escheat_n than_o go_v to_o the_o heir_n of_o the_o father_n side_n but_o if_o i_o purchase_v a_o copyhold_n and_o die_v without_o issue_n the_o land_n shall_v go_v to_o the_o heir_n of_o my_o father_n side_n but_o if_o i_o have_v no_o heir_n of_o my_o father_n side_n it_o shall_v go_v to_o the_o heir_n of_o my_o mother_n side_n rather_o than_o escheat_n if_o there_o be_v father_n uncle_n and_o son_n and_o the_o son_n purchase_v a_o copyhold_n in_o fee_n and_o die_v without_o issue_n the_o uncle_n shall_v inherit_v and_o not_o the_o father_n because_o a_o inheritance_n may_v lineal_o descend_v but_o not_o ascend_v if_o there_o be_v three_o brother_n and_o the_o middle_a brother_n purchase_v a_o copyhold_n in_o fee_n and_o die_v without_o issue_n the_o elder_a shall_v inherit_v because_o the_o worthy_a of_o blood_n if_o there_o be_v two_o copartener_n or_o two_o tenant_n in_o common_a of_o a_o copyhold_n and_o one_o die_v have_v issue_n the_o issue_n shall_v inherit_v and_o not_o the_o other_o by_o the_o survivership_n but_o otherwise_o it_o be_v of_o two_o joint_a tenant_n shall_v i_o give_v way_n to_o my_o pen_n and_o write_v of_o this_o theme_n till_o i_o want_v matter_n to_o write_v on_o i_o shall_v make_v a_o large_a volume_n in_o dilate_v this_o one_o point_n therefore_o i_o will_v contract_v myself_o entreat_v you_o to_o supply_v by_o your_o private_a cogitation_n what_o i_o have_v either_o willing_o or_o unwitting_o pass_v over_o in_o silence_n only_o take_v this_o caveat_n by_o the_o way_n though_o all_o quality_n necessary_o incident_a to_o estate_n at_o the_o common_a law_n be_v likewise_o incident_a to_o copyhold_n estate_n yet_o the_o law_n be_v not_o so_o of_o collateral_a quality_n without_o special_a custom_n a._n co._n 4._o foe_n 22._o a._n and_o therefore_o a_o copyhold_n shall_v be_v no_o asset_n to_o the_o heir_n a_o descent_n of_o a_o copyhold_n shall_v not_o toll_v a_o entry_n a_o surrender_n make_v by_o tenant_n in_o tail_n admit_v a_o copyhold_n may_v be_v intayled_a or_o by_o a_o baron_n of_o a_o copyhold_n which_o he_o have_v in_o right_a of_o his_o wife_n shall_v make_v no_o discontinuance_n because_o these_o be_v collateral_a quality_n and_o not_o necessary_o incident_a thus_o much_o of_o the_o several_a estate_n of_o copy-holds_a together_o with_o their_o several_a quality_n incident_a to_o their_o several_a estate_n i_o come_v now_o in_o the_o first_o place_n to_o examine_v how_o copyholder_n be_v to_o implead_v and_o be_v implead_v sec_n li._n a_o copyholder_n can_v in_o any_o action_n real_a or_o that_o savour_v of_o the_o realty_n or_o have_v a_o dependence_n upon_o the_o realty_n implead_v or_o be_v implead_v in_o any_o other_o court_n but_o in_o the_o lord_n court_n for_o or_o concern_v his_o copyhold_n but_o in_o action_n that_o be_v mere_o personal_a he_o may_v sue_v or_o be_v sue_v at_o the_o common_a law_n if_o a_o copyholder_n be_v oust_v of_o his_o copyhold_n by_o a_o stranger_n he_o can_v implead_v he_o by_o the_o king_n writ_n but_o by_o plaint_n in_o the_o lord_n court_n and_o shall_v make_v protestation_n to_o prosecute_v the_o suit_n in_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o assize_n of_o novel_a disseisin_n of_o a_o assize_n of_o mort_fw-fr d'ancestor_n of_o a_o formedon_n in_o the_o discend_a reverse_a or_o remainder_n or_o in_o the_o nature_n of_o any_o other_o write_v as_o his_o cause_n shall_v require_v and_o shall_v put_v in_o pleg_n the_o prosequend_a if_o a_o copyholder_n be_v oust_v by_o the_o lord_n he_o can_v maintain_v a_o assize_n at_o the_o common_a law_n because_o he_o want_v as_o francktenant_n but_o he_o may_v have_v a_o action_n of_o trespass_n against_o he_o at_o the_o common_a law_n for_o it_o be_v against_o reason_n that_o the_o lord_n shall_v be_v judge_n where_o he_o himself_o be_v a_o party_n if_o in_o a_o plaint_n in_o the_o lord_n court_n touch_v the_o title_n of_o a_o copyholder_n the_o lord_n give_v false_a judgement_n he_o can_v maintain_v a_o writ_n of_o false_a judgement_n for_o than_o he_o shall_v be_v restore_v to_o a_o francke-tenant_n where_o he_o lose_v none_o no_o copyholder_n of_o base_a tenure_n in_o ancient_a demesne_n can_v maintain_v a_o writ_n of_o droit_fw-fr close_a or_o a_o writ_n of_o monstrauêrunt_n but_o tenant_n of_o francke-tenure_n in_o ancient_a demesne_fw-la can_n a_o copyholder_n that_o may_v cut_v down_o timber_n tree_n by_o custom_n by_o
be_v no_o strange_a thing_n to_o place_v their_o land_n under_o the_o rank_n of_o the_o lord_n demesne_n but_o to_o deliver_v my_o mind_n more_o free_o in_o this_o point_n i_o think_v that_o howsoever_o according_a to_o the_o strict_a rule_n of_o law_n these_o copy-holds_a be_v parcel_n of_o land_n demesne_n yet_o in_o propriety_n of_o speech_n if_o propriety_n can_v be_v in_o impropriety_n they_o be_v the_o more_o apt_o call_v the_o copy-holders_n demesne_n for_o though_o the_o frank_n tenement_n be_v in_o the_o lord_n by_o the_o common_a law_n yet_o by_o the_o custom_n the_o inheritance_n abide_v in_o the_o copy-holders_n and_o it_o be_v not_o deny_v if_o a_o copyholder_n be_v implead_v in_o make_v title_n to_o his_o copyhold_n he_o may_v just_o plead_v quod_fw-la est_fw-la seisitus_fw-la in_o dominico_n svo_fw-la with_o this_o addition_n secundum_fw-la consuetud_fw-la manerii_fw-la therefore_o i_o conclude_v that_o howsoever_o the_o common_a law_n valu_v the_o title_n of_o the_o copyholder_n yet_o he_o have_v such_o a_o interest_n confirm_v unto_o he_o by_o custom_n that_o the_o lord_n have_v no_o power_n to_o resume_v his_o land_n at_o your_o own_o pleasure_n they_o be_v though_o improper_o call_v yet_o peradventure_o true_o account_v the_o lord_n demesne_n and_o that_o in_o the_o eye_n of_o the_o world_n howsoever_o it_o be_v in_o the_o eye_n of_o the_o law_n that_o these_o land_n alone_o can_v proper_o challenge_v the_o name_n of_o the_o lord_n demesne_n if_o any_o land_n in_o the_o possession_n of_o inferior_a lord_n may_v proper_o challenge_v that_o name_n which_o the_o lord_n reserve_v in_o his_o own_o hand_n for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o his_o own_o board_n or_o table_n be_v it_o his_o waste_n ground_n his_o arable_a ground_n his_o pasture_n ground_n or_o his_o meadow_n be_v it_o his_o copyhold_n which_o he_o have_v by_o escheat_n by_o forfiture_n or_o by_o purchase_n or_o be_v it_o any_o part_n of_o his_o freehold_a land_n of_o which_o i_o must_v speak_v a_o word_n by_o the_o way_n not_o to_o prove_v that_o it_o be_v demesne_fw-la for_o manifesta_fw-la probatione_fw-la non_fw-la indigentes_fw-la but_o to_o show_v you_o in_o what_o sense_n it_o be_v take_v and_o how_o far_o it_o extend_v sec_n xv._o a_o freehold_n be_v take_v in_o a_o double_a sense_n either_o it_o be_v name_v a_o freehold_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o state_n of_o the_o land_n or_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o state_n of_o the_o law_n sec_n xvi_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o state_n of_o the_o land_n so_o copyholder_n may_v be_v freeholder_n for_o any_o that_o have_v any_o estate_n for_o his_o life_n or_o any_o great_a estate_n in_o any_o land_n whatsoever_o may_v in_o this_o sense_n be_v term_v a_o freeholder_n sec_n xvii_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o state_n of_o the_o law_n and_o so_o it_o be_v oppose_v to_o copy_n holder_n that_o what_o land_n soever_o be_v not_o copyhold_n be_v freehold_a and_o in_o this_o sense_n i_o take_v throughout_o this_o discourse_n sec_n xviii_o the_o name_n of_o freeholder_n extend_v not_o only_o unto_o land_n hold_v per_fw-la servitium_fw-la militare_fw-la as_o it_o do_v by_o the_o ancient_a law_n of_o scot_n milit_fw-la skens_n de_fw-fr verb._n sign_n do_fw-mi milit_fw-la and_o among_o who_o freeholder_n be_v know_v by_o the_o name_n of_o milites_fw-la but_o it_o reach_v likewise_o to_o land_n hold_v per_fw-la servitium_fw-la socae_fw-la whether_o in_o libero_fw-la socagio_fw-it or_o in_o villano_fw-la socagio_fw-it liberum_fw-la socagium_fw-la be_v where_o any_o tenant_n hold_v of_o any_o lord_n by_o pay_v yearly_a a_o certain_a sum_n of_o money_n in_o lieu_n of_o tillage_n and_o such_o like_a service_n and_o not_o by_o escuage_n and_o this_o be_v term_v sometime_o common_a socage_n socagium_fw-la villanum_fw-la be_v where_o the_o ancient_a service_n of_o carry_v the_o lord_n dung_n into_o the_o field_n call_v stat._n 37_o h._n 8._o cap._n 20._o it_o be_v so_o call_v of_o plough_v his_o ground_n at_o certain_a day_n of_o plash_v his_o hedge_n and_o such_o be_v not_o turn_v into_o money_n but_o remain_v still_o unaltered_a and_o if_o you_o doubt_v that_o such_o land_n as_o be_v hold_v per_fw-la villanum_fw-la socagium_fw-la can_v come_v within_o the_o compass_n of_o freehold_a land_n for_o your_o satisfaction_n read_v bracton_n lib._n 2._o cap._n 8._o num_fw-la 8._o hactenus_fw-la de_fw-la primo_fw-la defunctionis_fw-la membro_fw-la ad_fw-la secundum_fw-la properemus_fw-la &_o pauca_fw-la de_fw-la servitiis_fw-la domino_fw-la debitis_fw-la periractemus_fw-la service_n in_o individuo_fw-la be_v manifold_a in_o specie_fw-la threefold_a 1._o corporal_a service_n 2._o annual_a service_n 3._o accidental_a service_n corporal_a service_n be_v of_o two_o sort_n service_n of_o submission_n service_n of_o profit_n sec_n xix_o service_n of_o submission_n be_v homage_n and_o fealty_n which_o be_v certain_a ceremony_n use_v among_o tenant_n whereby_o they_o submit_v themselves_o unto_o their_o lord_n and_o bind_v themselves_o by_o solemn_a oath_n or_o by_o faithful_a promise_n from_o that_o day_n forward_o to_o become_v the_o lord_n man_n for_o life_n for_o member_n for_o terrene_a honour_n or_o adminimum_fw-la to_o owe_v unto_o he_o faith_n for_o the_o land_n which_o they_o hold_v of_o he_o both_o these_o ceremony_n be_v use_v at_o the_o first_o entrance_n or_o admittance_n of_o any_o tenant_n and_o both_o tend_v to_o one_o end_n viz._n to_o enforce_v every_o tenant_n to_o acknowledge_v and_o confess_v himself_o tenant_n unto_o his_o immediate_a lord_n yet_o they_o differ_v in_o many_o material_a point_n sec_n xx._n in_o regard_n of_o their_o several_a manner_n of_o performance_n for_o in_o do_v fealty_n the_o tenant_n take_v a_o solemn_a oath_n in_o do_v homage_n only_o give_v his_o faithful_a promise_n and_o thence_o it_o be_v that_o fealty_n be_v account_v the_o more_o sacred_a service_n though_o homage_n be_v the_o more_o humble_a service_n and_o perform_v with_o far_o great_a reverence_n than_o fealty_n in_o many_o respect_n for_o in_o do_v homage_n the_o tenant_n kneel_v in_o do_v fealty_n he_o stand_v in_o do_v homage_n the_o tenant_n must_v remain_v uncover_v in_o do_v fealty_n he_o may_v remain_v cover_v in_o do_v homage_n the_o lord_n kiss_v his_o tenant_n in_o do_v fealty_n he_o kiss_v he_o not_o last_o in_o do_v homage_n the_o tenant_n promise_v to_o become_v the_o lord_n man_n for_o life_n for_o member_n and_o terrene_a honour_n in_o do_v fealty_n he_o only_o swear_v to_o become_v the_o lord_n faithful_a tenant_n the_o reason_n of_o this_o difference_n i_o learn_v to_o be_v this_o homage_n skens_n de_fw-fr verb._n signum_fw-la homage_n because_o homage_n especial_o concern_v service_n in_o war_n &_o proper_o appertain_v unto_o knight_n service_n but_o fealty_n chief_o concern_v service_n at_o home_n and_o proper_o appertain_v to_o socage_n tenure_n and_o though_o now_o it_o be_v hold_v that_o a_o tenant_n by_o socage_n may_v do_v homage_n and_o that_o homage_n ex_fw-la se_fw-la make_v socage_n tenure_n and_o not_o knight_n service_n yet_o original_o homage_n be_v invent_v for_o tenant_n by_o knight_n service_n and_o such_o as_o be_v bind_v by_o their_o tenure_n to_o attend_v their_o lord_n in_o the_o war_n but_o fealty_n be_v primary_o devise_v for_o tenant_n in_o socage_n and_o such_o as_o be_v bind_v by_o their_o tenure_n to_o manure_v the_o lord_n ground_n and_o careful_o to_o discharge_v all_o rural_a affair_n and_o this_o agree_v with_o the_o ancient_a law_n in_o scotland_n for_o among_o they_o none_o be_v account_v freeholder_n but_o only_a tenant_n by_o knight_n service_n and_o consequent_o none_o but_o they_o can_v do_v homage_n and_o therefore_o marvel_v not_o why_o in_o do_v homage_n the_o tenant_n promise_v to_o become_v the_o lord_n man_n for_o life_n for_o member_n for_o terrene_a honour_n in_o do_v fealty_n he_o only_o swear_v to_o become_v the_o lord_n faithful_a tenant_n 2._o they_o differ_v in_o regard_n of_o the_o person_n to_o who_o they_o be_v perform_v and_o that_o two_o way_n in_o respect_n none_o be_v capable_a of_o receive_v homage_n but_o the_o lord_n in_o person_n but_o the_o lord_n steward_n or_o his_o bailiff_n be_v capable_a to_o receive_v fealty_n in_o the_o lord_n behalf_n 2._o in_o respect_n that_o a_o lord_n who_o have_v but_o a_o estate_n for_o his_o life_n in_o his_o seignory_n can_v receive_v homage_n but_o such_o a_o lord_n may_v receive_v fealty_n 3._o they_o differ_v in_o regard_n of_o the_o person_n to_o who_o they_o be_v perform_v and_o that_o two_o way_n 1._o in_o respect_v the_o to_o no_o copyholder_n be_v capable_a of_o do_v homage_n but_o he_o be_v of_o do_v fealty_n witness_v common_a experience_n 2._o in_o respect_n that_o a_o tenant_n for_o life_n or_o year_n be_v unable_a to_o do_v homage_n for_o it_o be_v a_o ground_n in_o law_n that_o none_o can_v do_v homage_n but_o tenant_n in_o fee-simple_n or_o ad_fw-la
you_o shall_v easy_o perceive_v that_o copyholder_n though_o very_o mean_o descend_v yet_o they_o come_v of_o a_o ancient_a house_n and_o therefore_o if_o in_o this_o point_n you_o desire_v satisfaction_n call_v to_o mind_n what_o i_o have_v already_o speak_v and_o if_o i_o mistake_v not_o it_o will_v sufficient_o answer_v your_o desire_n give_v i_o leave_v to_o go_v a_o step_n further_o and_o to_o examine_v the_o several_a name_n which_o copyholder_n have_v have_v from_o time_n to_o time_n allot_v unto_o they_o together_o with_o their_o proper_a etymology_n immediate_o upon_o the_o conquest_n they_o be_v know_v by_o the_o name_n of_o villain_n or_o tenant_n in_o villanage_n so_o term_v by_o the_o norman_n either_o in_o respect_n of_o imbecility_n and_o incertainty_n of_o their_o estate_n which_o be_v ground_v upon_o a_o very_a weak_a foundation_n whole_o depend_v upon_o the_o will_n of_o the_o lord_n and_o oustable_a at_o his_o pleasure_n or_o in_o respect_n of_o their_o service_n which_o savour_v of_o nothing_o but_o slavery_n whether_o they_o be_v certa_fw-la ac_fw-la determinata_fw-la or_o incerta_fw-la ac_fw-la indeterminata_fw-la ubi_fw-la sciri_fw-la non_fw-la poterit_fw-la vespere_fw-la quale_fw-la servitium_fw-la facere_fw-la deberent_fw-la in_o crastino_n as_o bracton_n speak_v contrary_a to_o the_o opinion_n of_o some_o who_o hold_v that_o the_o service_n of_o copiholder_n be_v never_o subject_a to_o such_o incertainty_n or_o last_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o person_n who_o for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v villain_n howsoever_o some_o free_a man_n do_v sometime_o hold_v land_n by_o the_o same_o tenure_n the_o least_o of_o these_o three_o reason_n be_v sufficient_a to_o make_v they_o deserve_v that_o name_n but_o join_v they_o together_o and_o then_o he_o that_o judge_v most_o favourable_o of_o they_o will_v think_v this_o the_o true_a title_n that_o can_v be_v bestow_v upon_o they_o yet_o some_o there_o be_v who_o in_o behalf_n of_o these_o tenant_n stick_v not_o to_o maintain_v howsoever_o in_o respect_n of_o their_o estate_n they_o may_v not_o unfit_o be_v term_v tenant_n in_o villanage_n be_v in_o such_o strange_a subjection_n to_o their_o lord_n that_o neither_o in_o respect_n of_o their_o service_n nor_o their_o person_n they_o can_v merit_v that_o name_n especial_o if_o we_o take_v the_o word_n in_o that_o reproachful_a sense_n that_o it_o be_v usual_o take_v in_o at_o this_o hour_n but_o if_o we_o account_v those_o villain_n service_n which_o any_o way_n touch_v husbandry_n as_o plough_v sow_v reap_v and_o such_o like_a and_o these_o man_n villain_n who_o exercise_n themselves_o in_o any_o point_n of_o husbandry_n than_o they_o agrue_v that_o their_o tenure_n can_v in_o no_o wise_a have_v a_o apt_a term_n than_o this_o for_o they_o confess_v that_o these_o copyholder_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n rustici_fw-la &_o pagani_n and_o their_o service_n wholâ—y_o ad_fw-la rusticitatem_fw-la tendentia_fw-la howsoever_o i_o dare_v not_o whole_o disallow_v of_o this_o opinion_n though_o i_o can_v altogether_o approve_v of_o it_o for_o i_o admit_v and_o in_o a_o manner_n consent_n that_o among_o the_o norman_n these_o service_n which_o we_o call_v rural_a service_n be_v call_v villain_n service_n and_o those_o man_n who_o we_o term_v husbandman_n be_v term_v villain_n and_o do_v hold_v that_o the_o copyhold_n service_n in_o those_o day_n be_v more_o slavish_a than_o rural_a and_o they_o themselves_o rather_o bondman_n than_o husbandman_n otherwise_o we_o shall_v make_v their_o tenure_n differ_v in_o nothing_o from_o ancient_a soccage_n tenure_n which_o i_o assure_v myself_o be_v otherwise_o for_o though_o soccagres_n be_v rustiques_n and_o in_o that_o sense_n villain_n yet_o their_o tenure_n be_v never_o note_v by_o the_o name_n of_o a_o tenure_n in_o villeinage_n till_o in_o many_o place_n their_o corporal_a service_n begin_v to_o be_v turn_v into_o money_n then_o for_o distinction_n sake_n the_o one_o begin_v to_o be_v call_v liberum_fw-la soccagium_fw-la the_o other_o villanium_n soccagium_fw-la but_o long_o before_o these_o coppiholder_n be_v term_v villeyne_n and_o therefore_o without_o all_o doubt_n their_o tenure_n be_v in_o baseness_n and_o slavery_n a_o degree_n above_o the_o ancient_a soccage_n tenure_n till_o at_o length_n the_o lord_n of_o manor_n be_v frame_v to_o more_o civility_n begin_v then_o to_o think_v it_o a_o most_o uncharitable_a part_n to_o keep_v their_o poor_a tenant_n in_o that_o bondage_n therefore_o out_o of_o the_o remorse_n of_o their_o own_o conscience_n and_o the_o compassion_n of_o their_o tenant_n misery_n by_o little_a and_o little_a they_o enfranchise_v they_o and_o release_v they_o of_o their_o heavy_a burden_n reserve_v service_n of_o another_o nature_n in_o lieu_n of_o they_o thus_o have_v shake_v off_o the_o fetter_n of_o their_o bondage_n they_o be_v present_o free_v of_o their_o opprobrious_a name_n and_o have_v other_o new_a gentle_a style_n and_o title_n confer_v upon_o they_o they_o be_v every_o where_o then_o call_v tenant_n by_o copy_n of_o court_n roll_n or_o tenant_n at_o will_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o manor_n which_o style_v import_n unto_o we_o three_o thing_n 1._o nomen_fw-la 2._o originem_fw-la 3._o titulum_fw-la his_o name_n be_v tenant_n by_o copy_n of_o court_n roâ—e_n for_o he_o be_v not_o call_v tenant_n by_o court-role_n but_o by_o copy_n of_o court-roll_n and_o this_o be_v the_o sole_a tenant_n in_o law_n who_o hold_v by_o copy_n of_o any_o record_n charter_n deed_n or_o any_o other_o thing_n 2._o his_o commencement_n be_v at_o the_o will_n of_o the_o lord_n for_o these_o tenant_n in_o their_o birth_n as_o well_o as_o the_o customary_a tenant_n upon_o the_o border_n of_o scotland_n who_o have_v the_o name_n of_o tenant_n be_v mere_a tenant_n at_o will_n and_o though_o they_o keep_v the_o custom_n inviolated_a yet_o the_o lord_n may_v sans_o control_n eject_v they_o neither_o be_v their_o estate_n hereditary_a in_o the_o beginning_n as_o appeareth_z by_o britton_n 66._o britton_n ca._n 66._o for_o if_o they_o die_v their_o estate_n be_v present_o determine_v as_o in_o case_n of_o a_o tenant_n at_o will_n at_o common_a law_n and_o in_o some_o point_n to_o this_o present_a hour_n the_o law_n regard_v they_o no_o more_o than_o a_o mere_a tenant_n at_o will_n for_o the_o freehold_a at_o the_o common_a law_n rest_v not_o in_o they_o but_o in_o their_o lord_n unless_o it_o be_v in_o copyhold_n of_o frank_n tenure_n which_o be_v most_o usual_a in_o ancient_a demesne_n though_o sometime_o out_o of_o ancient_a demesne_n we_o shall_v meet_v with_o the_o like_a sort_n of_o copyhold_n as_o in_o northamtonshire_n there_o be_v tenant_n which_o hold_v by_o copy_n of_o court-roll_n and_o have_v no_o other_o evidence_n and_o yet_o hold_v not_o at_o the_o will_n of_o the_o lord_n these_o kind_n of_o copyholder_n have_v the_o frank_n tenure_n in_o they_o and_o it_o be_v not_o in_o their_o lord_n as_o in_o case_n of_o copyhold_n in_o base_a tenure_n beside_o copyholder_n shall_v not_o attourne_v upon_o the_o grant_n away_o of_o the_o manor_n no_o more_o than_o tenant_n at_o will_n at_o the_o common_a law_n and_o their_o estate_n can_v be_v no_o enfranchisement_n to_o a_o villain_n no_o more_o than_o a_o mere_a estate_n at_o will_n and_o further_o their_o land_n be_v parcel_n of_o the_o lord_n demesne_n as_o well_o as_o land_n grant_v away_o at_o will_n according_a to_o the_o course_n of_o the_o common_a law_n and_o for_o his_o title_n and_o assurance_n that_o be_v according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o manor_n for_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o manor_n have_v so_o establish_v and_o so_o fix_v they_o in_o their_o land_n that_o if_o they_o do_v their_o service_n and_o duty_n and_o perform_v the_o custom_n of_o the_o manor_n they_o be_v as_o well_o inheritable_a according_a to_o the_o custom_n as_o he_o that_o have_v a_o frank_a tenement_n at_o the_o common_a law_n and_o sithence_o custom_n be_v the_o life_n and_o soul_n of_o copyhold_n estate_n and_o whatsoever_o shall_v or_o can_v be_v speak_v touch_v copy-holds_a arise_v from_o this_o head_n and_o from_o this_o fountain_n give_v i_o leave_v in_o the_o second_o place_n to_o speak_v something_o concern_v they_o sec_n xxxiii_o cvstome_n be_v define_v to_o be_v a_o law_n or_o right_o not_o write_v which_o be_v establish_v by_o long_a use_n and_o the_o consent_n of_o our_o ancestor_n have_v be_v and_o be_v daily_o practise_v custom_n prescription_n and_o usage_n howsoever_o there_o be_v correspondency_n among_o they_o and_o dependency_n one_o on_o the_o other_o differ_v custom_n prescription_n and_o usage_n how_o they_o differ_v and_o in_o common_a speech_n one_o of_o they_o be_v take_v for_o another_o yet_o they_o be_v three_o distinct_a thing_n custom_n and_o prescription_n differ_v in_o this_o 1._o custom_n can_v have_v any_o commencement_n since_o the_o memory_n of_o man_n
by_o the_o act_n of_o the_o party_n some_o be_v determinable_a by_o death_n some_o by_o collateral_a mean_n by_o death_n as_o estate_n grant_v during_o the_o life_n of_o the_o grantor_n of_o the_o grantee_n or_o of_o a_o stranger_n by_o collateral_a mean_n as_o estate_n grant_v quia_fw-la diu_fw-la fuerit_fw-la innupta_fw-la to_o a_o widow_n qùia_fw-la diu_fw-la remanserit_fw-la vidua_fw-la or_o to_o a_o minister_n quamdiu_fw-la sacerdotium_fw-la exercuerit_fw-la of_o francke_n tenant_n create_v by_o the_o act_n of_o the_o law_n some_o be_v francketenant_n simpliciter_fw-la some_o secundum_fw-la quid_fw-la simpliciter_fw-la as_o the_o estate_n of_o a_o tenant_n in_o dower_n of_o a_o tenant_n by_o the_o courtesy_n of_o a_o occupant_a a_o tenant_n in_o tail_n after_o possibility_n of_o issue_n extinct_a secundum_fw-la quid_fw-la as_o the_o estate_n of_o a_o tenant_n by_o statute_n merchant_n stat._n staple_n &_o elegit_fw-la who_o though_o they_o be_v to_o have_v the_o land_n but_o for_o so_o many_o year_n as_o will_v give_v a_o plenary_a satisfaction_n to_o their_o debt_n yet_o by_o the_o stat._n of_o westmin_n 2._o they_o may_v maintain_v a_o assize_n which_o no_o other_o tenant_n have_v but_o a_o chattel_n can_v have_v all_o chattel_n be_v either_o certain_a or_o incertain_a of_o chattel_n certain_a some_o be_v in_o themselves_o certain_a some_o be_v make_v certain_a by_o relation_n to_o a_o certainty_n certain_a in_o themselves_o as_o where_o land_n be_v grant_v for_o 20._o 30._o or_o 40._o year_n certain_a by_o relation_n to_o a_o certainty_n as_o where_o land_n be_v grant_v for_o so_o many_o year_n as_o i._o s._n have_v acre_n of_o land_n of_o incertain_a chattel_n some_o be_v incertain_a in_o their_o commencement_n some_o incertain_a in_o their_o determination_n in_o their_o commencement_n as_o where_o a_o guardian_n have_v a_o estate_n during_o the_o minority_n of_o the_o heir_n all_o these_o estate_n either_o by_o the_o general_a or_o by_o the_o particular_a custom_n of_o manor_n be_v of_o copyhold_n aswell_o as_o of_o freehold_n in_o what_o manner_n soever_o a_o estate_n in_o fee_n simple_a be_v warrant_v by_o the_o custom_n 23._o co._n 4._o foe_n 23._o most_o inferior_a estate_n be_v by_o implication_n likewise_o warrant_v all_o francke_n tenant_n create_v by_o the_o act_n of_o the_o party_n the_o estate_n of_o a_o occupant_a and_o all_o chattel_n whatsoever_o without_o any_o other_o particular_a custom_n be_v hereby_o warrant_v but_o the_o law_n be_v otherwise_o a._n co._n 4._o foe_n 22._o a._n of_o estate_n in_o dower_n by_o the_o courtesy_n by_o statute_n merchant_n statute_n staple_n or_o elegit_fw-la for_o as_o long_o as_o such_o a_o copyhold_n by_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o manor_n grantable_a in_o fee_n simple_a continue_v in_o the_o copyholder_n hand_n it_o be_v not_o liable_a to_o any_o of_o these_o estate_n but_o if_o once_o it_o come_v to_o the_o lord_n by_o escheat_n forfeiture_n or_o by_o other_o mean_n so_o long_o as_o it_o remain_v reunite_v to_o the_o manor_n it_o be_v in_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o freehold_a and_o shall_v be_v subject_a to_o the_o charge_n and_o encumbrance_n as_o land_n at_o the_o common_a law_n and_o howsoever_o by_o implication_n these_o estate_n be_v not_o allow_v in_o copyhold_n continue_v in_o the_o copyhold_n possession_n yet_o by_o particular_a custom_n the_o wife_n may_v be_v tenant_n in_o dower_n the_o husband_n tenant_n by_o the_o courtesy_n a_o strange_a tenant_n by_o stat._n merchant_n stat._n staple_n or_o elegit_fw-la of_o a_o copyhold_n rest_v in_o the_o copyhold_n aswell_o as_o if_o it_o rest_v in_o the_o lord_n whether_o a_o estate_n tail_n or_o a_o estate_n tail_n after_o possibility_n of_o issue_n extinct_a which_o have_v a_o necessary_a depend_v upon_o a_o estate_n taile_n may_v by_o any_o particular_a custom_n be_v allow_v that_o i_o may_v dispute_v but_o can_v determine_v for_o it_o be_v vexata_fw-la quaestio_fw-la much_o controvert_v but_o nothing_o conclude_v i_o will_v brief_o touch_v the_o reason_n allege_v on_o both_o side_n they_o which_o be_v against_o the_o validity_n of_o entail_v by_o special_a custom_n do_v chief_o urge_v these_o two_o reason_n that_o no_o estate_n tail_n be_v before_o the_o stat._n de_fw-fr donis_fw-la conditionalibus_fw-la but_o all_o inheritance_n be_v fee_n conditional_a and_o the_o statute_n be_v make_v 13._o e._n 1._o which_o be_v within_o the_o memory_n of_o man_n it_o can_v be_v that_o any_o special_a custom_n have_v any_o commencement_n since_o the_o statute_n for_o then_o a_o custom_n may_v begin_v within_o time_n of_o memory_n which_o be_v altogether_o repugnant_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o custom_n two_o great_a inconvenience_n will_v ensue_v if_o a_o copyholder_n may_v be_v entail_v by_o special_a custom_n because_o neither_o fine_a nor_o common_a recovery_n can_v bar_v it_o so_o that_o he_o have_v such_o a_o estate_n that_o he_o can_v of_o himself_o without_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o lord_n dispose_v of_o it_o either_o for_o the_o payment_n of_o his_o debt_n for_o they_o advancement_n of_o his_o wife_n or_o preferment_n of_o his_o young_a son_n sec_n xlviii_o the_o main_a reason_n insist_v upon_o in_o defence_n of_o intail_v copyhold_n be_v these_o 1._o in_o divers_a manor_n they_o have_v be_v from_o time_n to_o time_n not_o only_o repute_v as_o tenant_n in_o tail_n but_o in_o every_o man_n mouth_n term_v by_o that_o name_n 2._o a_o form_v on_o in_o the_o descender_n lie_v of_o a_o copyholder_n which_o write_v none_o can_v bring_v but_o tenant_n in_o tail_n 3._o a_o remainder_n limit_v upon_o such_o a_o estate_n in_o such_o manor_n have_v be_v allow_v and_o therefore_o be_v no_o fee_n conditional_a for_o upon_o a_o fee_n whether_o absolute_a or_o conditional_a a_o render_v can_v by_o no_o mean_n depend_v 4._o it_o be_v a_o common_a usage_n there_o by_o a_o recovery_n to_o dock_n intayle_n of_o copyhold_n or_o to_o defeat_v these_o estate_n by_o presentment_n that_o the_o copyholder_n have_v commit_v a_o forfeiture_n and_o so_o the_o lord_n to_o seize_v and_o then_o to_o surrender_v it_o to_o the_o purchaser_n and_o therefore_o there_o be_v not_o that_o inconvenience_n which_o be_v suppose_v in_o the_o copyhold_n scilicet_fw-la want_v of_o power_n to_o dispose_v of_o such_o a_o estate_n without_o the_o lord_n consent_n 5._o much_o inconvenience_n will_v depend_v upon_o this_o if_o copyhold_n may_v not_o be_v entail_v for_o it_o will_v tend_v to_o the_o subversion_n and_o destruction_n of_o many_o man_n estate_n which_o from_o time_n to_o time_n they_o have_v enjoy_v without_o contradiction_n and_o therefore_o for_o the_o quiet_a of_o the_o commonwealth_n how_o necessary_a it_o be_v that_o copyhold_n shall_v be_v intayled_a let_v any_o man_n judge_n thus_o much_o of_o the_o several_a estate_n of_o the_o copyhold_n a_o word_n of_o their_o several_a quality_n incident_a to_o several_a estate_n sec_n xlix_o what_o quality_n soever_o be_v necessary_o incident_a to_o estate_n at_o the_o common_a law_n be_v incident_a to_o estate_n by_o custom_n in_o illustrate_v this_o i_o will_v confine_v myself_o to_o the_o discuss_n of_o these_o two_o point_n 1._o what_o word_n will_v create_v copyhold_n of_o inheritance_n and_o what_o copyhold_n of_o francktenant_n 2._o how_o copyhold_n of_o inheritance_n shall_v descend_v touch_v their_o creation_n copyhold_n of_o inheritance_n 2d_o co._n 4._o foe_n 2d_o and_o copyhold_n of_o franck-tenement_n be_v create_v by_o the_o same_o word_n that_o inheritance_n and_o franck-tenement_n at_o the_o common_a law_n be_v create_v by_o if_o a_o copyhold_n be_v grant_v to_o a_o man_n and_o to_o his_o heir_n male_n or_o heir_n female_n if_o to_o a_o man_n &_o sanguini_fw-la svo_fw-la hereditabili_fw-la if_o to_o a_o dean_n and_o chapter_n or_o to_o a_o major_a &_o commonalty_n without_o any_o express_a estate_n or_o without_o a_o limitation_n of_o some_o inferior_a estate_n in_o all_o these_o grant_n a_o perfect_a estate_n in_o fee_n pass_v and_o so_o peradventure_o if_o i_o surrender_v a_o copyhold_n to_o a_o man_n and_o his_o heir_n and_o he_o recite_v this_o estate_n re-surrendreth_a in_o the_o same_o manner_n to_o i_o that_o i_o surrender_v to_o he_o not_o make_v any_o mention_n of_o my_o heir_n yet_o this_o recital_n seem_v sufficient_a to_o pass_v a_o good_a fee-simple_n so_o if_o i_o surrender_v unto_o you_o as_o large_a a_o estate_n as_o i._o s._n have_v in_o his_o manor_n of_o d._n and_o he_o have_v a_o fee-simple_n in_o his_o manor_n it_o be_v somewhat_o probable_a that_o a_o estate_n in_o fee_n simple_a shall_v pass_v by_o reason_n of_o his_o relation_n without_o the_o word_n heir_n if_o a_o copyhold_n be_v surrender_v to_o a_o man_n &_o semini_fw-la svo_fw-la haereditabili_fw-la de_fw-la corpore_fw-la or_o to_o a_o man_n &_o haeredibus_fw-la ex_fw-la ipso_fw-la precreatis_fw-la or_o to_o a_o man_n in_o franck-marriage_n with_o his_o wife_n in_o
licence_n of_o the_o lord_n make_v a_o lease_n for_o year_n the_o lessee_n cut_v down_o tree_n the_o copyholder_n shall_v not_o have_v a_o writ_n of_o waste_n but_o shall_v sue_v at_o the_o lord_n court_n to_o punish_v this_o waste_n if_o a_o feme_fw-fr dowable_a by_o custom_n of_o a_o copyhold_n by_o plaint_n in_o the_o lord_n court_n recover_v dower_n and_o damage_n no_o action_n of_o debt_n lie_v at_o the_o common_a law_n for_o these_o damage_n because_o the_o action_n though_o it_o be_v in_o itself_o personal_a yet_o it_o depend_v upon_o the_o realitiy_n if_o a_o copyholder_n make_v a_o lease_n by_o copy_n for_o year_n or_o by_o deed_n with_o licence_n a_o action_n of_o debt_n lie_v for_o the_o rent_n reserve_v upon_o either_o lease_n at_o the_o common_a law_n but_o i_o much_o doubt_v whether_o he_o can_v avow_v for_o the_o rent_n either_o in_o the_o one_o or_o in_o the_o other_o no_o more_o than_o cestuy_n que_fw-fr use_n before_o the_o statute_n 27._o h._n 8._o cap._n 10._o can_v avow_v for_o the_o rent_n reserve_v by_o he_o upon_o a_o lease_n for_o year_n and_o yet_o he_o can_v maintain_v a_o action_n of_o debt_n for_o such_o a_o rent_n because_o a_o action_n of_o debt_n be_v ground_v upon_o the_o contract_n if_o a_o stranger_n cut_v down_o tree_n grow_v in_o the_o copyhold_n ground_n a_o action_n of_o trespass_n lie_v at_o the_o common_a law_n against_o he_o so_o do_v it_o against_o the_o lord_n where_o he_o cut_v they_o down_o when_o by_o custom_n they_o belong_v to_o the_o tenant_n because_o this_o be_v a_o mere_a personal_a action_n and_o damage_n only_o be_v to_o be_v recover_v and_o if_o a_o copyholder_n without_o licence_n make_v a_o lease_n for_o one_o year_n or_o with_o licence_n make_v a_o lease_n for_o many_o year_n and_o the_o lessee_n be_v eject_v he_o shall_v not_o sue_v in_o the_o lord_n court_n by_o plaint_n but_o shall_v have_v a_o ejection_n firm_a at_o the_o common_a law_n because_o he_o have_v not_o a_o customary_a estate_n by_o copy_n but_o a_o warrantable_a estate_n by_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o common_a law_n thus_o much_o of_o the_o manner_n how_o copyholder_n be_v to_o implead_v and_o be_v implead_v sec_n lii_o i_o come_v now_o in_o the_o sixth_o place_n to_o show_v under_o what_o statute_n copyholder_n be_v comprehend_v copyholder_n be_v comprehend_v under_o statute_n either_o by_o express_a limitation_n in_o precise_a word_n or_o by_o a_o secret_a implication_n upon_o general_a word_n by_o express_a limitation_n in_o precise_a word_n as_o by_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o first_o of_o r._n 3._o cap._n 4._o it_o be_v express_o provide_v that_o a_o copyholder_n have_v copyhold_n land_n to_o the_o yearly_a value_n of_o twenty_o six_o shilling_n and_o six_o penny_n above_o all_o charge_n may_v be_v impanel_v upon_o a_o jury_n as_o well_o as_o he_o that_o have_v twenty_o shilling_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la of_o freehold-land_n so_o by_o the_o statute_n of_o 1._o e._n 6._o cap._n 14._o it_o be_v express_o provide_v that_o upon_o the_o dissolution_n of_o abbey_n and_o monastery_n copyhold_n shall_v continue_v as_o they_o do_v before_o the_o statute_n and_o shall_v fall_v into_o the_o king_n hand_n so_o by_o the_o statute_n of_o 2._o e._n 6._o cap._n 8._o it_o be_v express_o provide_v that_o the_o interest_n of_o a_o copyhold_n shall_v be_v preserve_v notwithstanding_o it_o be_v not_o find_v by_o office_n after_o the_o decease_n of_o the_o king_n tenant_n so_o by_o the_o statute_n of_o 1._o mar._n cap._n 12._o it_o be_v express_o provide_v that_o if_o any_o copyholder_n be_v yeoman_n artificer_n husbandman_n or_o labourer_n and_o be_v of_o the_o age_n of_o eighteen_o or_o more_o under_o the_o age_n of_o sixty_o not_o sick_a impotent_a lame_a maim_a nor_o have_v any_o other_o just_a or_o reasonable_a cause_n of_o excuse_n upon_o request_n make_v by_o any_o man_n in_o authourity_n refuse_v to_o aid_v justice_n in_o suppress_v of_o riotous_a person_n that_o then_o immediate_o he_o shall_v forfeit_v his_o copyhold_n to_o the_o lord_n of_o who_o it_o be_v hold_v during_o the_o copyholder_n natural_a life_n so_o by_o the_o statute_n of_o 5._o eliz._n cap._n 14._o it_o be_v express_o provide_v that_o the_o forge_n of_o a_o court_n roll_n to_o the_o intent_n to_o defraud_v a_o copyholder_n shall_v be_v as_o well_o punishable_a as_o the_o forge_v any_o other_o charter_n deed_n or_o write_v seal_v whereby_o to_o defeat_v a_o copyholder_n or_o freeholder_n so_o by_o the_o statute_n of_o 13._o eliz._n cap._n 7._o it_o be_v express_o provide_v that_o the_o copyhold_n land_n as_o well_o as_o the_o freehold_a land_n of_o a_o bankrupt_a shall_v be_v sell_v for_o the_o satisfy_n of_o the_o creditor_n so_o by_o the_o statute_n of_o 14._o eliz._n cap._n 6._o it_o be_v express_o provide_v that_o if_o any_o of_o the_o queen_n subject_n go_v beyond_o the_o sea_n without_o licence_n that_o then_o the_o queen_n shall_v not_o only_o take_v the_o ordinary_a profit_n of_o the_o fugitive_n copyhold_n land_n as_o they_o arise_v but_o shall_v let_v set_v and_o make_v grant_n by_o copy_n and_o usual_a wood-sale_n and_o other_o thing_n to_o all_o intent_n and_o purpose_n as_o a_o tenant_n pro_fw-la term_n durante_fw-la vie_fw-fr may_v do_v so_o by_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o 35._o eliz._n cap._n 2._o it_o be_v express_o provide_v that_o if_o any_o person_n or_o person_n be_v convict_v of_o recusancie_n repair_v not_o home_n to_o their_o usual_a place_n of_o abode_n not_o remove_v from_o thence_o above_o five_o mile_n distant_a that_o then_o any_o person_n or_o person_n thus_o offend_v shall_v not_o only_o forfeit_v their_o freehold_a land_n to_o the_o queen_n but_o withal_o their_o copyhold_n land_n to_o the_o lord_n or_o lord_n of_o who_o it_o be_v hold_v thus_o have_v i_o show_v in_o brief_a under_o what_o statute_n copyholder_n be_v comprehend_v by_o express_a limitation_n in_o precise_a word_n now_o i_o will_v show_v you_o as_o brief_o as_o i_o can_v under_o what_o statute_n they_o be_v comprehend_v by_o secret_a implication_n upon_o general_a word_n sec_n liii_o some_o hold_n that_o all_o statute_n that_o speak_v general_o of_o tenant_n extend_v to_o tenant_n by_o copy_n but_o it_o be_v much_o to_o be_v fear_v that_o we_o shall_v wander_v from_o the_o truth_n if_o we_o give_v credit_n to_o this_o conceit_n for_o if_o we_o peruse_v the_o statute_n we_o shall_v meet_v with_o a_o infinite_a number_n of_o they_o that_o speak_v general_o of_o tenant_n and_o yet_o touch_v not_o tenant_n by_o copy_n wherefore_o not_o give_v way_n to_o this_o opinion_n as_o be_v erroneous_a i_o will_v set_v you_o down_o a_o infallible_a rule_n which_o will_v true_o direct_v you_o in_o the_o exposition_n of_o the_o general_a word_n in_o statute_n and_o that_o be_v thus_o when_o a_o act_n in_o parliament_n alter_v the_o service_n tenure_n interest_n of_o the_o land_n 8._o co._n 3._o foe_n 8._o or_o other_o thing_n in_o prejudice_n of_o the_o lord_n or_o of_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o manor_n or_o in_o prejudice_n of_o the_o tenant_n there_o the_o general_a word_n of_o such_o a_o act_n in_o parliament_n extend_v not_o to_o the_o copyhold_n but_o when_o a_o act_n be_v general_o make_v for_o the_o good_a of_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o no_o prejudice_n may_v accrue_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o alteration_n of_o any_o interest_n service_n tenure_n or_o custom_n of_o the_o manor_n there_o usual_o copy-holds_a be_v within_o the_o general_a purveiw_n of_o such_o acts._n the_o statute_n of_o west_n 2._o ca._n 1._o of_o intail_v extend_v not_o to_o copyhold_n because_o it_o will_v be_v prejudicial_a to_o the_o lord_n for_o by_o this_o mean_v the_o tenure_n be_v alter_v for_o the_o donee_n intayle_v without_o any_o special_a reservation_n ought_v to_o hold_v of_o the_o donor_n by_o the_o same_o service_n that_o the_o donor_n hold_v over_o beside_o the_o word_n of_o the_o statute_n be_v quod_fw-la voluntas_fw-la donator_n in_fw-la charta_fw-la domini_fw-la svi_fw-la manifesta_fw-la expressa_fw-la decetero_fw-la observit_fw-la which_o prove_v that_o the_o intent_n of_o the_o statute_n be_v that_o no_o hereditament_n shall_v be_v entail_v within_o this_o statute_n but_o such_o a_o one_o as_o either_o be_v give_v or_o at_o least_o may_v be_v give_v by_o charter_n or_o deed_n but_o copyhold_n be_v no_o such_o hereditament_n and_o therefore_o not_o within_o the_o body_n of_o the_o act_n yet_o it_o be_v hold_v that_o custom_n with_o the_o cooperation_n of_o the_o statute_n will_v make_v a_o estate_n tail_n the_o statute_n of_o w._n 2._o ca._n 20._o which_o give_v the_o elegit_fw-la extend_v not_o to_o copyhold_n because_o it_o will_v be_v prejudicial_a to_o the_o lord_n and_o a_o breach_n of_o the_o custom_n that_o any_o stranger_n shall_v have_v interest_n in_o the_o land_n hold_v by_o
waste_v this_o be_v no_o forfeiture_n so_o if_o a_o copyhold_n be_v surrender_v to_o the_o use_n of_o i._o s._n and_o before_o admittance_n i._n s._n commit_v waste_v this_o be_v no_o forfeiture_n for_o by_o the_o same_o reason_n that_o he_o can_v grant_v before_o admittance_n he_o can_v forfeit_v before_o admittance_n if_o two_o joint_a tenant_n be_v of_o a_o copyhold_n and_o one_o commit_v waste_v he_o forfeit_v his_o part_n only_o for_o no_o man_n can_v forfeit_v more_o than_o he_o have_v grant_v and_o therefore_o if_o there_o be_v tenant_n for_o life_n with_o a_o remainder_n over_o of_o a_o copyhold_n and_o the_o copyholder_n for_o life_n purchase_v the_o manor_n commit_v waste_v or_o do_v any_o act_n which_o amount_v to_o the_o extinguishment_n or_o the_o forfeiture_n of_o a_o copyhold_n yet_o the_o remainder_n be_v not_o hereby_o touch_v and_o so_o if_o a_o copyholder_n be_v grant_v to_o three_o habend_n successivie_a whereby_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o manor_n this_o word_n successivie_a take_v place_n the_o first_o copyholder_n can_v prejudice_v the_o other_o two_o by_o any_o act_n he_o can_v do_v no_o more_o than_o if_o a_o copyholder_n in_o fee_n by_o licence_n make_v a_o lease_n for_o year_n by_o deed_n or_o without_o licence_n by_o copy_n and_o either_o of_o these_o lessee_n commit_v waste_v the_o reversion_n be_v not_o hereby_o forfeit_v if_o i_o have_v two_o several_a copyhold_n by_o two_o several_a copy_n and_o i_o commit_v waste_n in_o one_o this_o be_v a_o forfeiture_n of_o this_o one_o only_a and_o not_o of_o the_o other_o and_o so_o if_o i_o grant_v these_o several_a copyhold_n by_o one_o copy_n yet_o they_o continue_v several_a as_o they_o do_v before_o and_o the_o forfeiture_n of_o the_o one_o be_v not_o the_o forfeiture_n of_o the_o other_o the_o same_o law_n be_v if_o two_o several_a copy-holds_a escheat_v to_o the_o lord_n and_o he_o regrant_v they_o again_o by_o one_o copy_n and_o thus_o have_v i_o show_v what_o person_n be_v able_a to_o forfeit_v i_o will_v now_o in_o a_o word_n show_v what_o person_n be_v able_a to_o take_v benefit_n of_o a_o forfeiture_n sec_n lx._n regular_o it_o be_v true_a that_o none_o can_v take_v benefit_n of_o a_o forfeiture_n but_o he_o that_o be_v lord_n of_o the_o manor_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o forfeiture_n and_o therefore_o if_o a_o copyholder_n make_v a_o feoffment_n and_o then_o the_o lord_n alien_v neither_o the_o grant_a nor_o the_o grantee_n can_v take_v benefit_n of_o this_o forfeiture_n for_o neither_o a_o right_a of_o entry_n nor_o a_o right_a of_o action_n can_v ever_o be_v transfer_v from_o one_o to_o another_o and_o therefore_o if_o a_o freeholder_n alien_v in_o mortmain_n and_o then_o the_o lord_n grant_v away_o his_o seignory_n neither_o the_o one_o nor_o the_o other_o can_v ever_o take_v benefit_n of_o this_o forfeiture_n so_o if_o a_o lessee_n for_o life_n commit_v waste_v and_o then_o the_o lessor_n grant_v away_o the_o reversion_n this_o waste_n be_v make_v dispunishable_a but_o if_o tenant_n for_o life_n be_v of_o a_o manor_n with_o remainder_n over_o in_o fee_n to_o a_o stranger_n if_o a_o copyholder_n commit_v waste_v and_o then_o tenant_n for_o life_n of_o the_o manor_n die_v before_o entry_n yet_o he_o in_o remainder_n may_v enter_v for_o he_o have_v a_o interest_n in_o the_o manor_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o forfeiture_n commit_v though_o he_o can_v not_o enter_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o state_n in_o tenant_n for_o life_n which_o be_v determine_v his_o entry_n be_v now_o accrue_v unto_o he_o for_o the_o forfeiture_n commit_v in_o the_o life_n of_o tenant_n for_o life_n and_o sometime_o he_o that_o be_v neither_o lord_n of_o the_o manor_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o forfeiture_n commit_v nor_o ever_o after_o shall_v take_v benefit_n of_o a_o forfeiture_n as_o if_o a_o lord_n of_o a_o manor_n grant_v a_o copyhold_n in_o fee_n and_o then_o grant_v the_o franck-tenement_n or_o the_o inheritance_n of_o this_o copyhold_n to_o a_o stranger_n the_o grantee_n though_o no_o lord_n of_o the_o manor_n nor_o able_a to_o keep_v any_o court_n 24._o co._n 4._o foe_n 24._o shall_v take_v benefit_n of_o forfeiture_n make_v by_o the_o copyholder_n as_o if_o the_o copyholder_n do_v make_v a_o feoffment_n lease_n waste_n deny_v the_o rent_n etc._n etc._n thus_o have_v i_o show_v what_o person_n be_v able_a to_o take_v benefit_n of_o a_o forfeiture_n i_o will_v now_o in_o one_o word_n show_v what_o act_v amount_v to_o a_o confirmation_n of_o a_o estate_n forfeit_v sec_n lxi_o if_o the_o lord_n do_v any_o thing_n whereby_o he_o do_v acknowledge_v he_o his_o tenant_n after_o forfeiture_n this_o acknowledgement_n amount_v to_o a_o confirmation_n as_o if_o he_o distreyn_v upon_o the_o ground_n for_o rent_n due_a after_o forfeiture_n or_o if_o he_o admit_v after_o the_o forfeiture_n or_o the_o like_a these_o be_v estoppell_n to_o the_o lord_n so_o that_o he_o can_v never_o enter_v so_o the_o lord_n have_v notice_n of_o such_o forfeiture_n before_o any_o such_o act_n which_o may_v amount_v to_o a_o confirmation_n be_v do_v yet_o some_o make_v this_o difference_n that_o these_o forfeiture_n only_o which_o destroy_v not_o the_o copyhold_n be_v only_o conformable_a by_o subsequent_a acknowledgement_n and_o not_o those_o forfeiture_n which_o tend_v to_o the_o destruction_n of_o a_o copyhold_n as_o if_o the_o copyholder_n make_v a_o feoffment_n by_o this_o the_o copyholder_n be_v destroy_v and_o therefore_o no_o subsequent_a acknowledgement_n of_o the_o lord_n will_v ever_o salve_v this_o sore_a and_o this_o shall_v suffice_v for_o forfeiture_n i_o come_v now_o in_o the_o last_o place_n to_o show_v what_o act_v amount_v to_o the_o extinguishment_n of_o a_o copyhold_n sec_n lxii_o wheresoever_o a_o copyhold_n be_v become_v not_o demisable_v by_o copy_n either_o by_o the_o act_n of_o the_o lord_n by_o the_o act_n of_o the_o law_n or_o by_o the_o act_n of_o the_o copyholder_n himself_o it_o be_v extinguish_v for_o ever_o by_o the_o act_n of_o the_o lord_n as_o if_o a_o copyholder_n escheat_v and_o the_o lord_n grant_v away_o any_o estate_n by_o deed_n this_o be_v a_o extinguishment_n 31._o co._n 4._o foe_n 31._o so_o if_o he_o make_v a_o feoffment_n upon_o condition_n and_o then_o enter_v for_o breach_n of_o the_o condition_n yet_o the_o copyhold_n be_v extinguish_v because_o once_o not_o demisable_v but_o if_o the_o lord_n keep_v the_o copyhold-land_n for_o never_o so_o many_o year_n or_o grant_v at_o will_n this_o destroy_v not_o the_o copyhold_n because_o it_o continue_v ever_o demisable_v by_o copy_n by_o the_o act_n of_o the_o law_n as_o if_o the_o copyhold_n escheat_v be_v extend_v upon_o a_o statute_n or_o recognizance_n acknowledge_v by_o the_o lord_n or_o if_o the_o feme_fw-fr of_o the_o lord_n have_v this_o land_n assign_v unto_o she_o for_o her_o dower_n although_o these_o impediment_n be_v by_o the_o act_n of_o the_o law_n yet_o because_o they_o be_v lawful_a the_o land_n can_v never_o after_o be_v grant_v by_o copy_n by_o the_o act_n of_o the_o copyholder_n himself_o as_o if_o he_o accept_v a_o lease_n for_o year_n at_o the_o common_a law_n either_o mediate_a or_o immediate_a from_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o copyhold_n this_o be_v a_o absolute_a extinguishment_n but_o if_o he_o accept_v a_o lease_n for_o year_n of_o the_o manor_n the_o copyholder_n by_o this_o have_v not_o continuance_n but_o this_o be_v no_o extinguishment_n because_o the_o land_n continue_v still_o grantable_a by_o copy_n if_o a_o copyholder_n with_o licence_n make_v a_o lease_n for_o year_n to_o a_o stranger_n or_o without_o licence_n make_v a_o lease_n for_o year_n to_o the_o lord_n the_o copyhold_n be_v not_o hereby_o extinguish_v and_o yet_o it_o be_v not_o demisable_v by_o copy_n so_o if_o a_o copyholder_n intermarri_v with_o a_o feme_fw-fr seignioresse_n this_o be_v a_o suspension_n only_o of_o the_o copyhold_n no_o extinguishment_n so_o if_o the_o interruption_n be_v torcious_a as_o the_o lord_n be_v disseise_v and_o this_o disseisor_n die_v seize_v or_o if_o the_o land_n be_v recover_v by_o false_a verdict_n or_o erroneous_a judgement_n and_o after_o the_o land_n be_v recontinue_a it_o be_v not_o extinguish_v but_o may_v be_v grant_v arere_z by_o copy_n for_o non_fw-la valet_fw-la impedimentum_fw-la quod_fw-la de_fw-la jure_fw-la non_fw-la sortitur_fw-la effectum_fw-la &_o quod_fw-la contra_fw-la legem_fw-la fit_a pro_fw-la infecto_fw-la habetur_fw-la and_o so_o i_o conclude_v with_o copyholder_n wish_v that_o these_o may_v ever_o be_v a_o perfect_a union_n betwixt_o they_o and_o their_o lord_n that_o they_o may_v have_v a_o feel_n of_o each_o other_o wrong_n and_o injury_n that_o their_o so_o little_a commonwealth_n have_v all_o his_o member_n knit_v together_o in_o complete_a order_n may_v flourish_v to_o the_o end_n finis_fw-la