the_o vaughan_n of_o brechnock-shire_n and_o many_o other_o gentleman_n who_o be_v term_v tylwyth_n voreiddig_n 1._o gwgan_n ap_fw-mi blethin_n 2._o cadivor_fw-la ap_fw-mi blethin_n gryff_fw-mi gwyr_n from_o who_o the_o family_n of_o brechn_n glamorg_n and_o carmatthenshires_n come_v call_v tylwyth_n howel-melyn_n that_o be_v howel-melyns_a posterity_n owen_n gethyn_n from_o who_o many_o gentleman_n in_o brechnock-shire_n be_v descend_v call_v tylwyth_n owen_n gethyn_n that_o be_v the_o posterity_n or_o tribe_n of_o owen_n gethin_n here_o you_o see_v this_o bard_n have_v not_o only_o vouchsafe_v unto_o we_o the_o tylwyth_n arise_v out_o of_o this_o short_a pedigree_n but_o also_o the_o very_a meaning_n of_o the_o word_n in_o the_o english_a thus_o be_v their_o memorial_n preserve_v by_o they_o who_o the_o better_a to_o infix_v they_o and_o also_o for_o a_o great_a stimulum_fw-la to_o heroic_a action_n in_o their_o song_n deduce_v from_o age_n to_o age_n deliver_v to_o they_o from_o their_o predecessor_n do_v celebrate_v the_o praise_n of_o their_o worthy_a man_n which_o custom_n in_o some_o place_n they_o yet_o retain_v and_o of_o so_o great_a account_n be_v these_o bard_n that_o by_o the_o law_n of_o howel-dha_a a_o honourable_a provision_n be_v make_v for_o the_o chief_a of_o they_o in_o the_o court_n who_o be_v to_o reside_v near_o the_o person_n of_o the_o prince_n and_o of_o so_o great_a repute_n be_v this_o place_n or_o office_n that_o to_o the_o dignity_n be_v annex_v a_o particular_a refugium_fw-la the_o use_n of_o these_o tylwyth_n be_v to_o show_v not_o only_o the_o original_n of_o family_n as_o if_o their_o work_n have_v be_v mere_o to_o run_v over_o a_o pedigree_n but_o the_o several_a distinction_n and_o distance_n of_o birth_n that_o in_o case_n any_o line_n shall_v make_v a_o failer_z the_o next_o in_o degree_n which_o be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o german_a proximus_fw-la gradus_fw-la may_v make_v a_o unconfounded_a use_n of_o their_o interest_n according_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o partition_n by_o their_o gavel_n i_o tell_v you_o before_o how_o in_o all_o their_o pedigree_n there_o be_v a_o preference_n of_o primogeniture_n which_o be_v only_o in_o honour_n and_o respect_n and_o not_o in_o unequal_a division_n of_o the_o patrimony_n for_o in_o these_o the_o better_a to_o carry_v a_o light_n use_v lustre_n they_o point_v at_o the_o penennedl_n of_o each_o family_n who_o as_o the_o prince_n of_o their_o tribe_n and_o kindred_n be_v always_o have_v in_o much_o honour_n and_o reverence_n among_o they_o which_o respect_n be_v like_a that_o wherewith_o the_o jew_n do_v honour_v their_o chief_n mention_v they_o with_o that_o title_n of_o respect_n in_o call_v they_o sometime_o head_n of_o their_o father_n house_n other-while_n chief_a man_n and_o in_o other_o place_n of_o scripture_n they_o be_v make_v know_v by_o this_o account_n viz._n by_o their_o generation_n after_o the_o house_n of_o their_o father_n and_o in_o this_o form_n do_v they_o enrol_v their_o band_n of_o soldier_n for_o the_o war_n for_o it_o be_v write_v in_o the_o chronicle_n chapter_n 1_o chron_n 7._o and_o 8_o chapter_n that_o david_n assemble_v all_o the_o prince_n of_o israel_n the_o prince_n of_o the_o tribe_n etc._n etc._n unto_o jerusalem_n 25.44_o numb_a 25.44_o in_o like_a manner_n it_o be_v record_v in_o number_n that_o the_o name_n of_o the_o israelite_n that_o be_v slay_v be_v zimti_n the_o son_n of_o salu_n a_o prince_n of_o a_o chief_a house_n among_o the_o simeonites_n and_o in_o the_o follow_a verse_n it_o be_v remember_v that_o the_o name_n of_o the_o midianitish_a woman_n that_o be_v slay_v be_v cozbi_n the_o daughter_n of_o zur_n he_o be_v head_n of_o a_o people_n and_o of_o a_o chief_a house_n in_o midian_a where_o this_o order_n of_o partition_n be_v in_o force_n there_o be_v it_o most_o necessary_a that_o genealogy_n shall_v be_v most_o exact_o keep_v and_o by_o the_o moysaicall_a law_n so_o great_a care_n be_v take_v in_o this_o point_n that_o the_o tribe_n be_v not_o permit_v to_o have_v mixtion_n together_o by_o intermarriage_n and_o although_o in_o many_o of_o the_o highland_n of_o scotland_n they_o have_v lose_v this_o tenure_n yet_o have_v they_o with_o much_o affection_n retain_v their_o respect_n to_o the_o head_n of_o their_o clan_n call_v they_o their_o chief_n to_o who_o in_o former_a time_n they_o give_v more_o respect_n and_o be_v with_o more_o obedience_n command_v than_o by_o their_o prince_n the_o pedigree_n before_o recite_v i_o tell_v you_o i_o give_v to_o show_v their_o manner_n of_o record_v their_o family_n of_o gentry_n distinguish_v from_o their_o pen-cennedl_a i_o have_v another_o that_o â—â—ows_v how_o tenacious_o their_o gavel_n be_v in_o force_n among_o they_o even_o in_o regno_fw-la adâ—unâ—o_fw-la and_o how_o by_o it_o in_o process_n of_o time_n that_o principality_n come_v to_o great_a loss_n and_o destruction_n roderick_n the_o great_a be_v prince_n of_o all_o wales_n have_v three_o son_n among_o who_o he_o divide_v his_o territory_n which_o three_o son_n be_v call_v y_o tri_n twysoc_n talaethioc_n that_o be_v the_o three_o crown_a prince_n because_o every_o one_o of_o they_o do_v wear_v upon_o his_o bonnet_n or_o helmet_n a_o coronet_n of_o gold_n be_v a_o broad_a lace_n or_o hatband_n indent_v upward_o set_v and_o wrought_v with_o precious_a stone_n which_o in_o the_o british_a be_v call_v talaeth_n by_o which_o name_n the_o nurse_n do_v call_v the_o head-band_n wherewith_o a_o child_n head_n be_v bind_v uppermost_a at_o this_o time_n as_o doctor_n powel_n have_v critical_o observe_v but_o that_o it_o may_v be_v the_o more_o plain_a and_o perspicuous_a take_v it_o genealogistical_o thus_o roderick_n surname_v the_o great_a prince_n of_o wales_n 1._o mervyn_n prince_n of_o north-wales_n 2._o cadelh_n prince_n of_o south-wales_n howel-dha_a in_o who_o the_o territory_n of_o north-wales_n and_o south-wales_n be_v unite_v and_o be_v the_o second_o legislator_n of_o the_o britan_n an._n christi_fw-la 942._o 3._o anarawd_n prince_n of_o powis_n after_o several_a succession_n which_o i_o purposely_o omit_v to_o save_v the_o labour_n of_o needless_o lengthen_v the_o line_n there_o from_o he_o proceed_v one_o convyn-blethin_a ap_fw-mi convyn_n who_o be_v prince_n of_o powis-land_n divide_v it_o to_o his_o two_o son_n 1._o meredith_n ap_fw-mi blethin_n who_o divide_v his_o apartment_n of_o powis-land_n betwixt_o his_o two_o son_n 1._o madoc_n who_o have_v upon_o the_o division_n that_o part_n that_o be_v call_v powys-uadoc_a or_o madoc_n his_o powis_n he_o die_v anno_fw-la d._n 1160._o at_o winchester_n and_o be_v call_v the_o prince_n of_o powy_n he_o be_v a_o true_a friend_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n susanua_n daughter_n of_o gruffyth_n ap_fw-mi conan_n prince_n of_o north-wales_n 2._o gruffyth_o prince_n of_o powy_n have_v another_o share_n of_o powy_n land_n 1._o gruffith_n maelor_n have_v for_o his_o share_n bromefield_n yale_n hopedale_n chirk_n etc._n etc._n 2._o owen_n vachan_n have_v mechain-iscoid_a etc._n etc._n 2._o cadogan_n ap_fw-mi blethin_n 1_o owyn_n brogynton_n a_o base_a son_n of_o madoc_n ap_fw-mi blethin_n have_v dynmael_n and_o edeirneon_n and_o doctor_n powel_n in_o his_o additament_n to_o the_o cambrian_a history_n in_o those_o i_o mean_v that_o he_o have_v set_v betwixt_o the_o year_n 808._o and_o 810._o give_v a_o full_a discourse_n of_o the_o primitive_a use_n of_o this_o tenure_n and_o also_o of_o the_o modern_a abuse_n thereof_o for_o upon_o those_o great_a feud_n that_o arise_v betwixt_o the_o descendant_n of_o conan_n tindaethwy_n upon_o this_o account_n of_o partition_n he_o write_v thus_o here_o i_o think_v fit_a to_o say_v somewhat_o of_o the_o custom_n and_o tenure_n of_o wales_n whereof_o this_o mischief_n grow_v viz._n the_o feud_n betwixt_o brethren_n the_o rend_v the_o government_n in_o piece_n etc._n etc._n that_o be_v the_o division_n of_o the_o father_n inheritance_n among_o all_o the_o son_n common_o call_v gavelkind_n gavel_n be_v a_o british_a term_n signify_v a_o hold_n because_o every_o one_o of_o the_o son_n do_v hold_v some_o portion_n of_o his_o father_n land_n as_o his_o lawful_a son_n and_o successor_n this_o be_v the_o cause_n not_o only_o of_o the_o overthrow_n of_o all_o the_o ancient_a nobility_n in_o wales_n for_o by_o that_o mean_n the_o inheritance_n be_v continual_o divide_v and_o subdivide_v among_o the_o child_n and_o the_o child_n child_n etc._n etc._n be_v at_o length_n bring_v to_o nothing_o but_o also_o of_o much_o bloodshed_n and_o unnatural_a strife_n and_o contention_n among_o brethren_n aâ—_n we_o have_v here_o a_o example_n viz._n the_o history_n of_o the_o descendant_n of_o conan_n tindaethwy_n and_o many_o other_o in_o this_o history_n he_o mean_v in_o lancarvan_n british_a history_n nation_n history_n i_o can_v wish_v that_o those_o renown_a english_a plantation_n in_o america_n will_v examine_v of_o what_o avail_n
britain_n fol._n 14_o repulse_v by_o the_o britain_n ibid._n he_o conquer_a not_o britain_n ibid._n calumniare_fw-la in_o law_n what_o fol._n 65_o camolodunum_n fol._n 34_o cambria_n camber_n cwmrt_n cwmraeg_n fol._n 86_o cantref_n what_o fol._n 96_o canutus_n his_o law_n of_o partition_n fol._n 141_o 142_o 143_o caractacus_n prince_n of_o the_o silures_n fol._n 34_o he_o assert_v the_o british_a liberty_n ibid._n his_o protestation_n before_o battle_n ibid._n castle_n on_o border_n of_o scotland_n etc._n etc._n fol._n 79_o cattle_n of_o more_o value_v than_o land_n fol._n 28_o cattle_n dischage_v fine_n &_o amerciament_n fol._n 29_o cerdiford_n in_o hampshire_n out_o of_o domesdey_n fol._n 65_o cennedl_n what_o fol._n 132_o character_n of_o saxon_a fol._n 76_o charter_n of_o saxon_a sign_v by_o the_o norman_a king_n fol._n 76_o change_n from_o villeinage_n to_o gavelkind_n fol._n 157_o 158_o chief_a justice_n fol._n 69_o chief_n in_o urchenfield_n fol._n 110_o chedder_n in_o somersetshire_n fol._n 117_o child_n no_o kindred_n to_o the_o parent_n fol._n 131_o churl_n what_o fol._n 168_o city_n their_o original_a fol._n 7_o claudius_n his_o temple_n fol._n 34_o claim_v and_o recovery_n of_o land_n against_o norman_n fol._n 65_o clergyman_n gentleman_n by_o the_o welsh_a law_n fol._n 173_o clown_n or_o colonus_n what_o fol._n 168_o 177_o cohabitancia_n what_o fol._n 7_o conan_n tindaethwy_n fol._n 26_o conquest_n and_o conqueror_n what_o fol._n 56_o coverfeu_n fol._n 74_o constantine_n the_o great_a fol._n 87_o common_a law_n fol._n 69_o 145_o county_n not_o ancient_o in_o wales_n fol._n 94_o competition_n betwixt_o kent_n and_o urchenfield_n fol._n 106_o cornish_a understand_v base_a british_a and_o welsh_a fol._n 146_o cottager_n and_o cottage_n what_o fol._n 169_o cuntune_v in_o hampshire_n fol._n 66_o custom_n that_o be_v ancient_a fol._n 70_o 150_o custom_n of_o the_o welsh_a fol._n 71_o 132_o cwmmwd_n what_o fol._n 96_o custom_n and_o common_a right_a fol._n 152_o d._n d._n davies_n his_o welsh_a dictionary_n fol._n 98_o danelaege_n what_o fol._n 54_o 57_o 58_o danish_a impression_n on_o our_o law_n fol._n 54_o 55_o daniel_n samuel_n examine_v fol._n 57_o deed_n for_o gavelkind_a fol._n 124_o 125_o 126_o deed_n explain_v produce_v by_o mr._n s._n ibid._n discourse_n polemical_a much_o irregular_a fol._n 3_o division_n intestine_a facilitate_v conquest_n fol._n 16_o division_n of_o wales_n fol._n 96_o domboc_n what_o fol._n 53_o 54_o domesman_n what_o fol._n 110_o 111_o donald_n the_o 5_o lose_a scotland_n to_o the_o saxon_n etc._n etc._n fol._n 163_o 164_o ðâ—pihinge_n what_o fol._n 70_o druid_n fol._n 16_o the_o british_a judge_n fol._n 17_o their_o learning_n ibid._n their_o judicial_a employment_n ibid._n their_o determination_n of_o right_a ibid._n cause_v execution_n of_o penal_a law_n ibid._n britain_n their_o gymnasium_n fol._n 17_o they_o cease_v fol._n 19_o dubritius_fw-la prince_n and_o bishop_n fol._n 90_o dûn_n what_o it_o signify_v fol._n 116_o dun_n a_o paix_fw-fr in_o scotland_n fol._n 165_o 166_o dutch_a landscheuten_n what_o fol._n 136_o 137_o e._n edgar_z king_n his_o law_n what_o fol._n 54_o 55_o confirm_v by_o the_o conqueror_n fol._n 58_o edgar_n etheling_n fol._n 60_o edlin_n expound_v fol._n 49_o edward_n king_n his_o law_n fol._n 55_o confirm_v by_o the_o conqueror_n fol._n 58_o 59_o edward_n king_n his_o law_n concern_v the_o welsh_a fol._n 51_o 52_o edwin_n and_o morchar_n earl_n fol._n 6â—_n edric_n silvaticus_n or_o savage_a fol._n 7â—_n elder_a son_n among_o the_o britain_n fol._n 49_o english_a recover_v land_n against_o the_o norman_n fol._n 65_o 66_o english_a normanize_v fol._n 76_o england_n fol._n 87_o english_a settle_v in_o scotland_n fol._n 162_o engine_n or_o urchinfield_n their_o king_n fol._n 44_o 45_o error_n once_o receive_v and_o take_v for_o grant_v fol._n 2_o erdisley_n in_o herefordshire_n fol._n 79_o escuage_z ancient_o fol._n 171_o ethelbert_n king_n his_o translation_n of_o the_o welsh_a law_n fol._n 53_o ethelred_n king_n his_o law_n of_o trial_n fol._n 64_o eubages_fw-la british_a philosopher_n fol._n 20_o exchequer_n when_o erect_v fol._n 74_o f._n fashion_n saxon_a and_o norman_a fol._n 74_o 75_o fealty_n or_o allegiance_n very_o ancient_a fol._n 55_o fee_n feudum_fw-la or_o feodum_fw-la what_o fol._n 170_o 171._o fee-tayl_n its_o original_a fol._n 170_o feminine_a conduct_n among_o the_o britain_n fol._n 33_o feofamentum_fw-la vetus_fw-la &_o novum_fw-la fol._n 140_o fight_a form_n change_v by_o the_o english_a fol._n 77_o for-gavel_a fol._n 118_o fortification_n of_o roman_n saxon_n and_o norman_n fol._n 77_o 78_o 79_o forfeiture_n of_o land_n upon_o what_o ground_n to_o king_n william_n fol._n 67_o 68_o fortalices_fw-la fol._n 79_o fortify_v house_n ancient_a ib._n foster-children_n in_o wales_n divide_v with_o foster-brethren_n fol._n 28_o freeman_n or_o liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la what_o fol._n 108_o french_a do_v use_v partition_n fol._n 11_o french_a tenure_n of_o partition_n fol._n 12_o french_a how_o use_v in_o our_o law_n fol._n 69_o g._n gable_n gablum_fw-la gabulum_fw-la what_o fol._n 113_o 114_o 115_o gabelle_n among_o the_o french_a fol._n 114_o gablum_fw-la signify_v rend_v fol._n 116_o 117_o 158_o 159_o gablatores_fw-la fol._n 117_o gabella_n fol._n 123_o galfridus_n monumethensis_fw-la defend_v against_o polydore_n virgil_n fol._n 83_o gallic_a custom_n fol._n 11_o gallic_a colony_n fol._n 12_o gavel_n as_o mr._n s._n expound_v it_o what_o fol._n 112_o gavel-gyldam_a fol._n 119_o gavel-man_n fol._n 120_o gavelate_v a_o writ_n fol._n 121_o 122_o 123_o gavel_n in_o denomination_n fol._n 89_o 90_o in_o the_o british_a dictionary_n fol._n 92_o what_o it_o signify_v fol._n 92_o 93_o not_o impose_v by_o the_o norman_n fol._n 95_o use_v in_o welsh_a subdivision_n of_o land_n fol._n 96_o several_a sort_n of_o gavel_n fol._n 102_o 103_o welsh_a law_n for_o gavelkynd_n fol._n 103_o 104_o 105_o 106_o gavelkynd_n a_o mark_n of_o the_o ancient_n briton_n fol._n 152_o 153_o the_o hinge_n of_o the_o british_a law_n fol._n 155_o 156_o gavelkind_n in_o scotland_n fol._n 159_o gavelkind_n throughout_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n fol._n 4_o in_o all_o first_o plantation_n fol._n 5_o antiquity_n of_o it_o fol._n 18_o 137_o among_o the_o prince_n of_o wales_n fol._n 24_o the_o signification_n of_o it_o fol._n 26_o the_o evil_a and_o mischief_n of_o it_o fol._n 27_o 81._o the_o best_a use_n of_o it_o fol._n 27_o that_o it_o be_v extra_fw-la cantium_n fol._n 89_o 151_o gavelkind_n in_o the_o term_n owe_v itself_o to_o partition_n fol._n 149_o gavelkind_n in_o the_o statute_n of_o wales_n fol._n 98_o practise_v in_o urchenfield_n fol._n 100_o hold_v rend_v free_a fol._n 123_o 124_o gavel-kind_n land_n in_o the_o king_n fol._n 128_o grant_v to_o hospital_n how_o fol._n 124_o 128_o 129_o grant_v to_o religious_a society_n fol._n 129_o not_o to_o be_v forfeit_v for_o felony_n fol._n 106_o 107_o garrison_n of_o norman_n in_o hereford_n before_o william_n the_o first_o fol._n 78_o gentleman_n by_o the_o british_a law_n fol._n 172_o 173_o german_a custom_n ancient_o fol._n 7_o german_a partition_n in_o principality_n fol._n 9_o 137_o german_a partition_n in_o private_a estate_n fol._n 9_o german_a partition_n evict_v by_o a_o jest_n fol._n 9_o 10_o german_a landscheutan_n what_o fol._n 136_o 137_o give-all-kynne_n fol._n 130_o 131_o gildas_n camberius_n translate_v molmutius_n law_n into_o latin_a fol._n 154_o glamorganshire_n conquer_a fol._n 94_o gothick_n work_v use_v by_o the_o saxon_n fol._n 80_o guorongus_n viceroy_n of_o kent_n fol._n 41_o gueily-gord_a what_o fol._n 105_o gymnasium_n of_o the_o druid_n be_v in_o britain_n fol._n 17_o h._n hacana_n and_o westanheconi_n what_o fol._n 44_o 45_o hecanae_n wulfhardus_fw-la episcopus_fw-la fol._n 44_o hengist_n and_o horsus_n fol._n 37_o hengists_n reception_n of_o kent_n examine_v fol._n 37_o etc._n etc._n how_o hengist_n have_v kent_n fol._n 45_o he_o alter_v not_o the_o kentish_a law_n fol._n 49_o heutland_n fol._n 90_o henry_n the_o first_o command_v the_o observation_n of_o king_n edward_n law_n fol._n 61_o his_o law_n of_o partition_n fol._n 144_o hereditary_a succession_n among_o the_o britain_n fol._n 18_o heriot_n fol._n 108_o herring-gable_n fol._n 116_o highlander_n in_o scotland_n ancient_o britain_n fol._n 160_o hony-gavel_a fol._n 118_o howeldha_n fol._n 25_o he_o make_v not_o the_o welsh_a law_n fol._n 153_o 154_o when_o those_o law_n ascribe_v to_o he_o be_v compile_v fol._n 97_o hugo_n the_o port_n against_o picot_n fol._n 66_o 67_o i._n i_o arsey_n isle_n fol._n 11._o 95_o no_o venomous_a creature_n therein_o ibid._n ina_n king_n his_o law_n concern_v the_o welsh_a fol._n 50_o 51._o 64_o joseph_n of_o arimathea_n fol._n 32_o irish_a rhein-taloon_a or_o partition_n fol._n 99_o irish_a and_o welsh_a one_o language_n original_o fol._n 145_o irish_a and_o british_a law_n agree_v fol._n 153_o irish_a understand_v the_o manc_n and_o highland_n language_n fol._n 146_o ireland_n
whereas_o there_o be_v no_o more_o in_o it_o than_o the_o plain_a acquisition_n or_o get_v of_o this_o realm_n of_o england_n after_o his_o pretence_n from_o king_n edward_n the_o confessor_n be_v make_v know_v as_o in_o the_o follow_a tract_n appear_v by_o the_o constraint_n and_o force_n that_o harald_n put_v he_o unto_o to_o get_v his_o settlement_n by_o battle_n with_o he_o which_o word_n of_o conquest_n be_v to_o this_o day_n familiar_o use_v in_o scotland_n to_o signify_v land_n purchase_v and_o mr._n john_n skene_n say_v upon_o the_o word_n that_o conquestus_fw-la signify_v land_n quhilk_n any_o person_n acquiris_fw-la &_o possessis_fw-la privato_fw-la jure_fw-la vel_fw-la singulari_fw-la titulo_fw-la velâ—ti_fw-la donatione_fw-la vel_fw-la singulari_fw-la aliquo_fw-la contractu_fw-la quhilk_n be_v conform_v to_o the_o civil_a law_n ubi_fw-la quae_fw-la stus_fw-la dicitur_fw-la lucrum_fw-la quod_fw-la ex_fw-la emptione_n venditione_n locatione_fw-la conductione_n vel_fw-la generaliter_fw-la ex_fw-la opera_fw-la cu_z jus_o descendit_fw-la l._n coiri_fw-la 7._o cum_fw-la seq_fw-la ff_n pro_fw-la socio_fw-la and_o further_o write_v of_o land_n so_o purchase_v conclude_v conquestus_fw-la dicitur_fw-la ratione_fw-la primi_fw-la conquestoris_fw-la &_o cum_fw-la transmittitur_fw-la ad_fw-la ejus_fw-la haeredem_fw-la exuit_fw-la naturam_fw-la conquestus_fw-la &_o induit_fw-la naturam_fw-la haereditatis_fw-la norman_a conquest_n concern_v which_o also_o we_o have_v so_o great_a a_o plenty_n of_o writer_n that_o they_o almost_o extinguish_v the_o truth_n with_o their_o comment_n and_o conceit_n all_o the_o alteration_n imaginable_a be_v father_v upon_o this_o revolution_n and_o sum_v up_o by_o mr._n samuel_n daniel_n in_o these_o word_n i_o come_v to_o write_v of_o a_o time_n mean_v this_o norman_a affair_n wherein_o the_o state_n of_o england_n receive_v a_o alteration_n of_o law_n custom_n fashion_n manner_n of_o live_v language_n write_v with_o new_a form_n of_o fight_v fortification_n building_n and_o general_o a_o innovation_n in_o most_o thing_n but_o religion_n i_o make_v choice_n of_o this_o paragraph_n of_o so_o elegant_a a_o author_n as_o mr._n daniel_n who_o have_v deserve_v very_o well_o from_o the_o commonwealth_n of_o learning_n for_o his_o ingenuous_a observation_n to_o examine_v the_o particular_n of_o this_o great_a mutation_n so_o general_o imagine_v which_o enumeration_n will_v also_o afford_v we_o the_o method_n of_o our_o discourse_n concern_v that_o which_o happen_v to_o the_o english_a at_o that_o time_n and_o first_o of_o all_o concern_v the_o alteration_n of_o our_o law_n which_o be_v the_o principal_a matter_n of_o our_o enquiry_n of_o which_o among_o many_o mr._n camden_n himself_o have_v thus_o write_v victor_n gulielmus_fw-la in_o victoriae_fw-la quasi_fw-la trophaeum_fw-la antiquatis_fw-la pro_fw-la maximâ_fw-la parte_fw-la anglorum_fw-la legibus_fw-la normanniae_fw-la consuetudines_fw-la induxit_fw-la causasque_fw-la gallicè_fw-la disceptari_fw-la jussit_fw-la yet_o present_o add_v propositis_fw-la igitur_fw-la legibus_fw-la anglicanis_fw-la merchenlage_n danelage_n &_o westsaxenlage_n quasdam_fw-la reprobavit_fw-la quasdam_fw-la autem_fw-la approbans_fw-la transmarinas_fw-la neustriae_fw-la leges_fw-la quae_fw-la ad_fw-la regni_fw-la pacem_fw-la tuendam_fw-la efficacissimae_fw-la videbantur_fw-la adjecit_fw-la but_o to_o evince_v this_o let_v we_o have_v recourse_n as_o near_o as_o we_o can_v to_o the_o author_n that_o be_v of_o that_o age_n and_o serious_o weigh_v what_o they_o deliver_v unto_o we_o concern_v this_o matter_n mr._n selden_n our_o of_o the_o litchfield_n chronicle_n cite_v also_o by_o my_o very_o much_o honour_a friend_n and_o incourager_n sir_n roger_n twysden_n introduce_v these_o word_n anno_fw-la gulielmus_fw-la regni_fw-la svi_fw-la quarto_fw-la apud_fw-la londonias_fw-la consilio_fw-la baronum_fw-la suorum_fw-la fecit_fw-la summoniri_fw-la per_fw-la universos_fw-la angliae_fw-la comitatus_fw-la omnes_fw-la nobiles_fw-la sapientes_fw-la &_o sva_fw-la lege_fw-la eruditos_fw-la ut_fw-la eorum_fw-la leges_fw-la &_o consuetudines_fw-la audiret_fw-la et_fw-la licet_fw-la idem_fw-la rex_fw-la willielmus_fw-la leges_fw-la northfolktae_fw-la &_o suffolkiae_fw-la grantbrigiae_fw-la &_o deirae_n ubi_fw-la quondam_a maxima_fw-la pars_fw-la danorum_fw-la &_o norwegiensium_fw-la inhabitabant_fw-la prius_fw-la magis_fw-la approbaverat_fw-la &_o eas_fw-la per_fw-la totum_fw-la regnum_fw-la observari_fw-la praeceperat_fw-la pro_fw-la eo_fw-la quod_fw-la omnes_fw-la antecessores_fw-la ejâ—s_fw-la &_o fere_n omnes_fw-la barones_n normanniae_fw-la norwegenses_n extitissent_fw-la &_o quod_fw-la de_fw-la norwegia_fw-la olim_fw-la venissent_fw-la sed_fw-la postea_fw-la ad_fw-la preces_fw-la communitatis_fw-la anglorum_fw-la rex_fw-la adquievit_fw-la qui_fw-la deprecati_fw-la sunt_fw-la quatenus_fw-la permitteret_fw-la sibi_fw-la leges_fw-la proprias_fw-la &_o consuetudines_fw-la antiquas_fw-la habere_fw-la in_fw-la quibus_fw-la vixerant_fw-la patres_fw-la eorum_fw-la &_o ipsi_fw-la in_o eye_n nati_fw-la &_o nutriti_fw-la sunt_fw-la scilicet_fw-la leges_fw-la sancti_fw-la regis_fw-la edwardi_fw-la &_o ex_fw-la illo_fw-la die_fw-la magna_fw-la authoritate_fw-la veneratae_fw-la &_o per_fw-la universum_fw-la regnum_fw-la corroboratae_fw-la &_o conservatae_fw-la sunt_fw-la praecaeteris_fw-la regni_fw-la legibus_fw-la leges_fw-la regis_fw-la edwardi_fw-la unde_fw-la per_fw-la praeceptum_fw-la regis_fw-la willielmi_n electi_fw-la sunt_fw-la de_fw-la singulis_fw-la totius_fw-la angliae_fw-la comitatibus_fw-la duodecim_fw-la viri_fw-la sapientiores_fw-la quibus_fw-la jurejurando_fw-la injunctum_fw-la fuit_fw-la coram_fw-la rege_fw-la willielmo_n ut_fw-la quoad_fw-la possent_fw-la recto_fw-la tramite_fw-la neque_fw-la ad_fw-la dexteram_fw-la neque_fw-la ad_fw-la sinistram_fw-la declinantes_fw-la legum_fw-la suarum_fw-la &_o consuetu_fw-la inum_fw-la sancita_fw-la patefacerent_fw-la nil_fw-la praetermittentes_fw-la nil_fw-la addentes_fw-la nil_fw-la praevaricando_fw-la mutantes_fw-la alderedus_fw-la autem_fw-la eboracensis_fw-la episcopus_fw-la &_o hugo_n londoniensis_fw-la episcopus_fw-la per_fw-la praeceptum_fw-la regis_fw-la scripserunt_fw-la propriis_fw-la manibus_fw-la omne_fw-la quae_fw-la praedicti_fw-la jurati_fw-la dixerunt_fw-la etc._n etc._n ingulphus_n crolandensis_n also_o who_o be_v chaplain_n to_o this_o king_n william_n and_o be_v himself_o somewhat_o concern_v in_o this_o affair_n and_o so_o the_o more_o to_o be_v believe_v as_o a_o agent_n write_v a_o little_a more_o plain_o than_o the_o last_o do_v thus_o attuli_fw-la say_v he_o eadem_fw-la vice_fw-la mecum_fw-la lundoniis_fw-la in_o meum_fw-la monasterium_fw-la leges_fw-la aequissimi_fw-la regis_fw-la ewardi_fw-la quas_fw-la dominus_fw-la meus_fw-la inclytus_fw-la rex_fw-la willielmus_fw-la autenticas_fw-la esse_fw-la &_o perpetuas_fw-la per_fw-la totum_fw-la regnum_fw-la angliae_fw-la inviolabilitérque_fw-la tenendas_fw-la sub_fw-la poenis_fw-la gravissimis_fw-la proclamarat_fw-la &_o suis_fw-la justiciariis_fw-la commendârat_fw-la eodem_fw-la idiomate_fw-la quo_fw-la editae_fw-la sunt_fw-la ne_fw-la per_fw-la ignorantiam_fw-la contingat_fw-la nos_fw-la vel_fw-la nostros_fw-la aliquando_fw-la in_fw-la nostrum_fw-la grave_n periculum_fw-la contraire_fw-fr &_o offendere_fw-la ausu_fw-la temerario_fw-la regiam_fw-la majestatem_fw-la ac_fw-la in_o ejus_fw-la censuras_fw-la rigidissimas_fw-la improvidum_fw-la pedem_fw-la far_o contentas_fw-la saepius_fw-la in_o eisdem_fw-la hoc_fw-la modo_fw-la and_o the_o title_n of_o those_o law_n be_v this_o ces_n sont_fw-fr les_fw-fr leis_fw-la &_o les_fw-fr custumes_n que_fw-fr li_n reis_n william_n grantut_o à _fw-fr tut_o le_fw-fr peuple_fw-fr de_fw-fr engleterre_fw-fr apres_fw-fr le_fw-fr conquest_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr terre_fw-fr iceles_n meisme_n que_fw-fr le_fw-fr reis_n edward_n sun_n cousin_n tint_v devant_fw-fr lui_fw-fr which_o be_v in_o english_a these_o be_v the_o law_n and_o custom_n which_o king_n william_n grant_v to_o all_o the_o people_n of_o england_n after_o the_o conquest_n of_o the_o land_n and_o be_v the_o same_o which_o king_n edward_n his_o cousin_n do_v hold_v before_o he_o and_o the_o like_a account_n give_v by_o the_o litchfield_n chronicle_n be_v find_v in_o the_o law_n of_o king_n edward_n which_o though_o from_o he_o receive_v the_o denomination_n yet_o probable_o be_v transcript_n of_o a_o date_n since_o the_o norman_a conquest_n for_o that_o in_o they_o be_v find_v a_o express_a of_o the_o norman_a settlement_n of_o they_o in_o which_o be_v also_o a_o account_n of_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o rate_n of_o mulcâ—s_n betwixt_o the_o saxon_n and_o dane_n or_o norwegian_n and_o because_o of_o the_o â—â—ar_a relation_n the_o norman_n have_v to_o the_o dane_n it_o be_v say_v that_o king_n william_n make_v choice_n of_o those_o law_n and_o will_v have_v have_v they_o put_v in_o execution_n as_o the_o law_n of_o england_n quip_n cum_fw-la aliarum_fw-la legibus_fw-la nationum_fw-la brytonum_fw-la scilicet_fw-la anglorum_fw-la pictorum_fw-la &_o scotorum_fw-la praeponderassent_fw-la he_o praise_v and_o like_v of_o this_o danelaege_a best_o only_o this_o observe_v if_o it_o be_v worth_a take_v notice_n of_o that_o not_o only_o the_o british_a law_n come_v into_o the_o account_n but_o also_o they_o be_v set_v in_o the_o first_o place_n but_o king_n william_n desigment_n have_v this_o effect_n and_o issue_n for_o take_v that_o resolution_n it_o be_v say_v quo_fw-la audito_fw-la mox_fw-la universi_fw-la compatriotae_fw-la regni_fw-la qui_fw-la leges_fw-la edixerant_fw-la tristes_fw-la effecti_fw-la unanimiter_fw-la deprecati_fw-la sunt_fw-la quatenus_fw-la permitteret_fw-la sibi_fw-la leges_fw-la proprias_fw-la &_o consuetudines_fw-la antiquas_fw-la habere_fw-la in_o quibus_fw-la vix_fw-la runt_n patres_fw-la eorum_fw-la &_o ipsi_fw-la in_o eye_n nati_fw-la &_o nutriti_fw-la sunt_fw-la
name_v lloigria_n or_o lloiger_n now_o difference_v from_o the_o other_o part_n by_o the_o name_n of_o england_n saison_n that_o be_v to_o say_v saxon_n who_o together_o with_o the_o jute_n a_o three_o sort_n of_o provincial_n that_o assist_v in_o the_o conquest_n of_o this_o part_n of_o brytanny_n be_v now_o under_o the_o single_a title_n of_o englishman_n these_o twmri_n also_o call_v the_o speech_n general_o speak_v in_o england_n saisnaeg_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o saxon_a tongue_n somewhat_o doubtless_o there_o be_v of_o extraordinary_a reason_n in_o these_o name_n of_o distinction_n and_o difference_n of_o cambria_n loigria_n and_o albania_n in_o case_n we_o can_v recover_v it_o but_o i_o be_o afraid_a the_o truth_n in_o this_o point_n be_v lose_v for_o the_o denomination_n of_o place_n from_o the_o name_n of_o man_n as_o it_o be_v a_o old_a and_o fond_a conceit_n so_o i_o think_v it_o a_o ill_a one_o enquiry_n one_o as_o itis_fw-la remark_v by_o sir_n j._n b._n and_o may_v be_v worth_a the_o enquiry_n and_o for_o my_o part_n i_o have_v rather_o believe_v that_o brytannia_n be_v derive_v from_o the_o greek_a word_n bryton_n which_o signify_v vinum_fw-la hordeaceum_fw-la that_o british_a ale_n a_o drink_n how_o con-natural_a and_o ancient_o peculiar_a to_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o this_o island_n will_v be_v now_o needless_a to_o discourse_n than_o that_o london_n be_v the_o refine_a issue_n of_o ludstown_n or_o england_n of_o hengists-land_n or_o scotland_n from_o one_o captain_n scoto_n but_o this_o ancient_a triplicite_a division_n whether_o the_o effect_n of_o brutus_n partition_n or_o no_o i_o will_v not_o maintain_v yet_o it_o be_v record_v by_o the_o same_o pen_n as_o give_v we_o our_o history_n of_o trojanism_n and_o may_v serve_v very_o well_o in_o answer_n to_o mr._n s_n jocular_a question_n since_o his_o question_n be_v a_o question_n take_v for_o grant_v neither_o will_v i_o aver_v or_o much_o insist_v upon_o that_o action_n of_o constantine_n the_o great_a who_o being_n brytain_n and_o so_o probable_o experience_v in_o the_o british_a custom_n that_o he_o upon_o this_o ground_n or_o custom_n of_o partition_n use_v among_o the_o britain_n his_o countryman_n do_v divide_v the_o then_o entire_a roman_a empire_n between_o his_o two_o son_n by_o he_o i_o say_v this_o division_n and_o partition_n be_v make_v be_v the_o reason_n or_o ground_n of_o it_o what_o they_o will_v and_o upon_o this_o division_n be_v difference_v and_o distinguish_v by_o the_o appellation_n of_o the_o eastern_a and_o western_a empire_n which_o afterward_o again_o return_v into_o a_o single_a person_n come_v to_o theodosius_n who_o 1._o who_o procop._n belgiosa_n vandalic_a l._n 1._o c._n 1._o procopius_n call_v a_o most_o just_a prince_n and_o a_o great_a soldier_n he_o have_v two_o son_n who_o after_o his_o death_n succeed_v in_o the_o empire_n arcadius_n the_o elder_a in_o the_o eastern_a and_o honorius_n in_o the_o western_a empire_n which_o be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v do_v according_a to_o the_o former_a division_n viz._n that_o which_o the_o emperor_n constantine_n have_v make_v so_o that_o the_o use_n or_o custom_n of_o partition_n in_o empire_n as_o well_o as_o in_o private_a man_n land_n be_v of_o great_a antiquity_n i_o proceed_v now_o to_o show_v that_o there_o be_v chap._n vi_o gavelkind_a in_o other_o place_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n beside_o kent_n in_o the_o principality_n of_o wales_n gavel_n use_v in_o denomination_n of_o place_n how_o use_v among_o the_o welsh_a of_o the_o word_n llan_n of_o the_o norman_n invasion_n of_o the_o territory_n of_o wales_n the_o use_n of_o gavell_n in_o the_o division_n of_o that_o territory_n and_o exposition_n thereof_o in_o the_o welsh_a vocabulary_a mr._n s._n be_v much_o give_v to_o think_v that_o this_o tenure_n of_o gavelkind_n be_v a_o singular_a appurtenance_n to_o the_o county_n of_o kent_n for_o in_o the_o first_o page_n of_o his_o book_n as_o the_o theme_n of_o his_o discourse_n he_o lay_v down_o this_o position_n that_o gavelkind_n be_v a_o property_n of_o that_o eminent_a singularity_n in_o the_o kentishman_n possession_n so_o general_o in_o a_o manner_n from_o great_a antiquity_n overspreading_a that_o county_n as_o england_z this_o day_n can_v show_v her_o fellow_n in_o that_o particular_a and_o in_o his_o 54_o page_n for_o other_o countryman_n communicate_v with_o we_o of_o kent_n in_o the_o tenure_n i_o conceive_v say_v he_o it_o first_o come_v up_o by_o imitation_n of_o our_o example_n in_o ireland_n especial_o and_o among_o the_o welsh-man_n in_o who_o vocabulary_a or_o dictionary_n the_o word_n be_v seek_v in_o vain_a as_o it_o be_v also_o in_o that_o old_a statute_n which_o concern_v they_o viz._n statutum_n walliae_fw-la to_o evince_v this_o beside_o the_o knowledge_n of_o several_a other_o place_n in_o england_n that_o have_v this_o tenure_n eminent_o unto_o this_o day_n somewhat_o that_o mr._n s._n himself_o do_v confess_v in_o his_o tract_n will_v help_v to_o clear_v the_o contrary_a as_o in_o particular_a where_o he_o testify_v pag._n 48._o that_o socage_n land_n in_o general_n and_o by_o the_o nature_n of_o it_o be_v capable_a of_o partition_n and_o by_o custom_n may_v be_v and_o in_o many_o place_n extra_fw-la cantium_n be_v partible_a now_o so_o it_o be_v that_o there_o be_v no_o county_n in_o england_n but_o have_v land_n hold_v in_o socage_n tenure_n and_o upon_o that_o reason_n be_v capable_a of_o partition_n but_o more_o especial_o in_o wales_n where_o the_o word_n be_v in_o use_n among_o they_o and_o more_o to_o a_o just_a and_o proper_a signification_n than_o in_o any_o other_o place_n or_o by_o any_o other_o language_n as_o i_o shall_v show_v anon_o but_o mr._n s._n from_o its_o very_a denomination_n under_o the_o notion_n of_o it_o i_o mean_v will_v persuade_v we_o to_o a_o belief_n of_o its_o singularity_n in_o kent_n which_o i_o can_v admit_v for_o notwithstanding_o he_o have_v not_o find_v any_o land_n in_o any_o other_o place_n to_o pass_v under_o that_o denomination_n because_o say_v he_o the_o land_n in_o any_o deed_n or_o conveyance_n have_v not_o any_o appellation_n of_o gavelkind_n yet_o i_o say_v use_v and_o custom_n have_v still_o inviolable_o retain_v it_o and_o the_o manner_n of_o its_o partition_n be_v in_o several_a place_n know_v under_o the_o very_a title_n of_o gavelkind_n there_o be_v name_n of_o place_n that_o be_v compound_v of_o the_o word_n in_o controversy_n only_o to_o be_v find_v among_o the_o welsh_a the_o ancient_a proprietor_n of_o this_o land_n from_o who_o language_n i_o shall_v make_v it_o my_o design_n to_o derive_v its_o origine_fw-la and_o shall_v begin_v with_o this_o part_n first_o because_o very_o much_o of_o certainty_n in_o antiquity_n be_v to_o be_v draw_v from_o the_o retain_v name_n of_o place_n which_o if_o serious_o remark_v will_v afford_v we_o a_o great_a light_n to_o history_n there_o be_v a_o village_n or_o parish_n in_o monmuthshire_n that_o adjoin_v to_o the_o territory_n of_o urchinfield_n in_o the_o county_n of_o hereford_n call_v to_o this_o day_n llangattok_v feibon_n afel_fw-mi which_o if_o any_o one_o attempt_n to_o read_v to_o a_o welshman_n let_v he_o be_v sure_a to_o pronounce_v the_o single_a f_o like_v a_o v._o consonant_n and_o then_o to_o be_v read_v by_o this_o power_n chlangattok_v vybon_n avel_v but_o the_o common_a denomination_n thereof_o without_o the_o variation_n proper_a to_o the_o welsh_a tongue_n be_v llangattok_v gafael_a meibon_n llan_n or_o as_o it_o be_v render_v by_o our_o english_a writer_n to_o express_v the_o idiomatism_n of_o the_o british_a lhan_n and_o chlan_n signify_v a_o religious_a dedication_n or_o locus_fw-la sacer_fw-la and_o doctor_n davies_n in_o his_o cambro-british_a dictionary_n upon_o the_o same_o word_n say_v that_o vulgò_fw-la sumitur_fw-la pro_fw-la fano_fw-la templo_fw-la sed_fw-la potius_fw-la existimo_fw-la he_o add_v significare_fw-la coemeterium_fw-la vel_fw-la aream_fw-la templi_fw-la let_v it_o be_v either_o church_n or_o church-yard_n it_o do_v intimate_v a_o religious_a dedication_n and_o notwithstanding_o there_o be_v at_o this_o day_n many_o place_n that_o have_v the_o praefix_v of_o llan_n unto_o they_o where_o no_o church_n be_v to_o be_v find_v yet_o if_o search_v into_o and_o trace_v to_o their_o foundation_n will_v discover_v some_o such_o appropriation_n and_o intendment_n so_o i_o find_v in_o the_o forem_fw-la ntion_v region_n of_o urchenfield_n a_o certain_a parish_n call_v hen-ilan_a common_o hentland_n which_o in_o the_o english_a tongue_n signify_v the_o old-church_n and_o in_o certain_a pasture_n belong_v to_o a_o farm_n in_o that_o parish_n there_o be_v a_o place_n which_o to_o this_o day_n be_v call_v llanfrawtwr_n which_o be_v as_o much_o as_o to_o say_v the_o church_n or_o convent_n of_o the_o brethren_n the_o site_n whereof_o be_v upon_o a_o small_a hill_n not_o half_o a_o mile_n distant_a
admit_v but_o to_o run_v over_o some_o more_o of_o his_o gable_n that_o which_o he_o discourse_v of_o in_o his_o 30_o page_n be_v a_o for-gavel_a which_o be_v right_o render_v foris_fw-la gabulum_fw-la and_o be_v define_v to_o be_v quasi_fw-la extra_fw-la vel_fw-la praeter_fw-la gabulum_fw-la quod_fw-la domino_fw-la capitali_fw-la debetur_fw-la and_o this_o correspond_v with_o what_o before_o i_o have_v say_v that_o it_o be_v a_o rent_n or_o a_o duty_n beside_o over_o and_o above_o or_o beyond_o the_o original_a contract_n or_o bargain_n the_o like_a be_v in_o mete-gavel_a which_o be_v cibi_fw-la gablum_fw-la a_o rent_n of_o meat_n or_o food_n swine-gavel_a which_o be_v porcorum_fw-la gablum_fw-la a_o rent_n of_o swine_n werke-gavel_a and_o werke-gabulum_a which_o be_v operis_fw-la gablum_fw-la hunig-gavel_a which_o be_v gabulum_fw-la mellis_fw-la domâ—sdey_n mellis_fw-la for_o before_o that_o sagar_n be_v from_o the_o indies_n bring_v among_o we_o the_o use_n of_o honey_n be_v frequent_a instead_o thereof_o so_o that_o i_o have_v observe_v in_o some_o very_a ancient_a rental_n as_o great_a a_o proportion_n of_o honey_n as_o there_o will_v be_v require_v of_o sugar_n to_o seâ—ve_v such_o a_o family_n and_o much_o reserve_v to_o the_o king_n in_o most_o county_n as_o appear_v by_o domâ—sdey_n rent_n honey_n of_o which_o sort_n in_o domesdey_n you_o may_v find_v much_o and_o in_o the_o 60._o law_n of_o king_n ina_n we_o find_v a_o bere-gafol_a which_o be_v a_o rent_n of_o beer_n or_o rather_o barley_n as_o mr._n lambard_n expound_v it_o for_o in_o some_o country_n of_o england_n and_o in_o scotland_n they_o to_o this_o day_n call_v barley_n beer_n there_o be_v also_o in_o the_o 66._o of_o king_n ina_n law_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d speak_v of_o a_o yard_n of_o land_n which_o mr._n lambard_n render_v to_o signify_v mercede_fw-la conductam_fw-la that_o be_v hire_v for_o rent_n or_o wages_n so_o be_v it_o in_o the_o covenant_n betwixt_o king_n alured_n and_o guthrun_n the_o dane_n in_o the_o second_o article_n where_o it_o be_v say_v but_o tan_o ðaem_v câ—oâ—le_a de_fw-fr on_o gafollande_n rit_n which_o mr._n lambard_n render_v thus_o siquidem_fw-la be_v rusticus_n censum_fw-la annuum_fw-la impendens_fw-la non_fw-la fuerit_fw-la which_o i_o think_v in_o english_a be_v provide_v that_o that_o countryman_n do_v not_o sit_v on_o rent_a land_n for_o but_o in_o the_o old_a english_a as_o well_o as_o to_o this_o day_n in_o the_o present_a scotch_a signify_v without_o or_o want_v etc._n etc._n there_o i_o find_v gafollande_n be_v turn_v into_o census_n which_o be_v as_o much_o as_o i_o have_v need_n to_o make_v use_n of_o or_o take_v notice_n of_o in_o the_o law_n of_o king_n aethelstan_n it_o be_v thus_o Æ¿ealisc_a monne_n etc._n etc._n ê§_n he_o ðam_v ce_a gafol-gyldan_a maeg_fw-la which_o be_v thus_o translate_v wallus_n si_fw-la in_o eas_fw-la opes_fw-la creverit_fw-la etc._n etc._n ut_fw-la annuum_fw-la regi_fw-la censum_fw-la pendat_fw-la which_o be_v if_o a_o welshman_n increase_v so_o in_o riches_n etc._n etc._n that_o he_o can_v or_o may_v yield_v a_o yearly_a rent_n to_o the_o king_n such_o a_o one_o perhaps_o as_o we_o call_v a_o subsidy_n man_n or_o a_o man_n in_o the_o king_n book_n so_o in_o the_o six_o of_o king_n ina_n law_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o be_v if_o any_o one_o fight_v in_o the_o house_n of_o one_o that_o pay_v rend_v and_o in_o the_o 22._o of_o the_o same_o king_n that_o so_o often_o recite_v law_n Æ¿ealh_n gafolgylda_fw-la hund_n tÆ¿_n lftig_fw-mi â—cill_n which_o be_v turn_v into_o latin_a thus_o 33._o mr._n s._n pag._n 33._o wallus_fw-la censum_fw-la pendens_fw-la annuum_fw-la etc._n etc._n in_o the_o same_o sense_n be_v the_o word_n gavel-man_n cite_v by_o payment_n by_o many_o there_o be_v that_o with_o mr._n selden_n account_v gafol_n to_o signify_v several_a thing_n as_o tributum_fw-la etc._n etc._n but_o not_o in_o the_o least_o with_o reference_n to_o the_o tenure_n he_o cite_v the_o aâ—â—ales_n anglosaxoas_n in_o bibliotheca_fw-la cottoniana_n anno_fw-la 1012._o ða_o ê§_n gafol_fw-mi gelaest_n sae_z &_o frið_n aþa_v asporene_a Æ¿aeson_fw-mi þa_fw-mi to_o ferde_v se_fw-mi here_o Æ¿ide_n sÆ¿a_o he_o aer_fw-la gegaderode_o Æ¿a_v ða_o bugon_n to_o þam_fw-la ce_v of_o þam_n here_o fif_fw-mi &_o feoÆ¿ertig_fw-ge scypa_fw-mi &_o he_o beheton_n ê§_n he_o Æ¿oldon_n þysne_v ear_a healoan_n &_o he_o he_o fedan_n sceolde_a &_o scÆ¿ydon_n id_fw-la est_fw-la tributo_fw-la soluto_fw-la &_o amicitiae_fw-la juramentis_fw-la praestitis_fw-la excrcitus_fw-la ut_fw-la ante_fw-la erat_fw-la congregatus_fw-la late_a dispergitur_fw-la maneb_fw-mi vit_fw-mi vero_fw-la cum_fw-la rege_fw-la ex_fw-la ipso_fw-la exercitu_fw-la quadraginta_fw-la quinque_fw-la nave_n ipsique_fw-la side_n datâ_fw-la promiserunt_fw-la se_fw-la terram_fw-la hanc_fw-la dâ—fensuros_fw-la modo_fw-la eos_fw-la aleret_fw-la &_o vestiret_fw-la rex_fw-la danorum_fw-la rex_fw-la tunc_fw-la swanus_fw-la crat_fw-mi quorum_fw-la ita_fw-la pepigit_fw-la ethelredus_fw-la utrumque_fw-la autem_fw-la praestationis_fw-la quam_fw-la diximus_fw-la genus_fw-la danegeld_n danegeldum_fw-la seu_fw-la danageldum_fw-la id_fw-la est_fw-la tributum_fw-la danicum_fw-la dicebatur_fw-la seld._n mar._n clau_n l._n 2._o c._n 11._o here_o we_o may_v observe_v that_o geld_v be_v most_o proper_o tribute_n though_o in_o the_o former_a part_n of_o this_o saxon_a citation_n mr._n selden_n render_v gafol_n by_o tributum_fw-la and_o proper_o it_o do_v signify_v a_o payment_n mr._n s._n which_o have_v no_o more_o in_o signification_n than_o one_o that_o pay_v a_o rent_n and_o relate_v not_o at_o all_o to_o the_o tenure_n and_o i_o believe_v if_o serious_o look_v into_o that_o many_o of_o these_o compound_n who_o have_v this_o similitude_n of_o sound_n do_v not_o hold_v under_o or_o by_o the_o tenure_n of_o partition_n which_o if_o so_o here_o be_v nomen_fw-la sine_fw-la re_fw-la and_o this_o last_o may_v be_v a_o term_n as_o significant_a for_o any_o one_o that_o pay_v a_o rent_n in_o cumberland_n as_o in_o kent_n in_o this_o recite_v page_n it_o be_v that_o mr._n s._n have_v right_o fix_v his_o gavel_n for_o say_v he_o one_o thing_n more_o i_o have_v to_o note_v before_o i_o leave_v gable_n gavel_n etc._n etc._n that_o with_o mala_n it_o signify_v rent_n service_n or_o custom_n and_o in_o his_o 35_o page_n he_o add_v by_o this_o time_n the_o reader_n be_v satisfy_v i_o hope_v say_v he_o touch_v the_o true_a construction_n of_o gavel_n gafol_n gable_n or_o how_o ever_o else_o he_o shall_v chance_v to_o find_v it_o write_v in_o each_o import_a cens_n i._n e._n a_o rent_n either_o in_o money_n provision_n or_o work_n to_o conclude_v i_o be_o of_o the_o same_o opinion_n with_o mr._n s._n that_o these_o intermixture_n and_o compound_n do_v all_o hold_v a_o reference_n to_o gafol_n gablum_fw-la or_o gabulum_fw-la that_o all_o of_o they_o have_v one_o and_o the_o same_o exposition_n yet_o that_o none_o of_o they_o have_v any_o relation_n to_o the_o tenure_n of_o partition_n or_o to_o any_o other_o tenure_n beside_o the_o rent_v or_o pay_v of_o a_o rent_n for_o land_n etc._n etc._n there_o be_v only_o one_o thing_n more_o left_a to_o be_v consider_v which_o may_v seem_v to_o have_v in_o it_o some_o strength_n and_o that_o be_v in_o the_o 31._o page_n of_o mr._n s._n where_o he_o cite_v this_o &_o postea_fw-la per_fw-la quandam_fw-la consuetudinem_fw-la quae_fw-la voco_fw-la gavelate_fw-la usitatam_fw-la in_o comitatu_fw-la isto_fw-la viz._n kanc_n de_fw-la terris_fw-la &_o tenementis_fw-la de_fw-la gavelkind_n pro_fw-la redditibus_fw-la &_o servitiis_fw-la quae_fw-la à _fw-la retro_fw-la fuerint_fw-la de_fw-la eisdem_fw-la per_fw-la plures_fw-la annos_fw-la devenerunt_fw-la eaedem_fw-la terrae_fw-la in_o manus_fw-la cujusdam_fw-la abbatis_fw-la etc._n etc._n now_o this_o consuetudo_fw-la de_fw-fr gavelate_v use_v in_o the_o land_n and_o tenement_n hold_v in_o gavelkind_n seem_v the_o one_o to_o have_v relation_n to_o the_o other_o for_o mr._n s._n in_o the_o begin_n of_o that_o paragraph_n tell_v we_o that_o this_o gavelate_n be_v not_o a_o reut_n or_o a_o service_n but_o betoken_v a_o rent_n or_o a_o service_n withhold_v deny_v or_o detain_v cause_v the_o forfeiture_n of_o the_o tenement_n to_o the_o lord_n and_o whereas_o that_o record_n say_v it_o be_v use_v in_o that_o county_n upon_o land_n and_o tenement_n hold_v in_o gavelkind_n sir_n edward_n coke_n as_o mr._n s._n himself_o cite_v he_o say_v gaveletum_n be_v as_o much_o as_o to_o say_v as_o to_o cease_v or_o let_v to_o pay_v the_o rent_n breve_fw-la de_fw-fr gavelleto_fw-it in_o london_n est_fw-la breve_fw-la de_fw-fr cessavit_fw-la in_o biennium_fw-la etc._n etc._n pro_fw-la redditu_fw-la ibidem_fw-la quia_fw-la tenementa_fw-la fuerunt_fw-la indistringibilia_fw-la so_o that_o this_o brief_a lay_n in_o london_n as_o well_o as_o kent_n and_o minshew_n in_o his_o dictionary_n upon_o the_o word_n gavelet_n exemplify_v it_o by_o a_o case_n that_o if_o any_o tenant_n in_o gavelkind_n withhold_v his_o rent_n and_o his_o service_n of_o the_o tenement_n which_o he_o hold_v of_o
hawisia_n so_o that_o sibi_fw-la in_o the_o singular_a number_n have_v not_o relation_n to_o any_o else_o but_o to_o the_o infirm_a wibert_n to_o he_o it_o be_v that_o the_o two_o penny_n be_v to_o be_v pay_v and_o the_o profit_n of_o the_o land_n in_o common_a to_o all_o the_o infirm_a of_o that_o house_n in_o perpetual_a alm_n and_o to_o gavel-kind_n that_o be_v to_o say_v that_o all_o the_o brethren_n of_o that_o hospital_n shall_v have_v the_o like_a share_n and_o propriety_n in_o that_o acre_n and_o the_o half_n as_o the_o son_n of_o any_o one_o can_v have_v in_o their_o father_n land_n of_o that_o nature_n and_o if_o not_o by_o this_o way_n i_o can_v find_v no_o other_o to_o make_v any_o sense_n of_o it_o for_o this_o clause_n and_o to_o gavel_n kind_n have_v reference_n clear_o to_o the_o concession_n and_o habendum_fw-la and_o not_o to_o the_o reddendum_fw-la and_o if_o so_o who_o be_v those_o that_o shall_v hold_v it_o in_o gavelkind_n the_o infirmes_fw-la no_o for_o they_o be_v a_o body_n though_o sickly_a that_o can_v not_o die_v nor_o the_o son_n or_o grandchild_n of_o wibaldus_n for_o they_o have_v divess_v themselves_o of_o this_o land_n and_o invest_v their_o decrepit_a brother_n wibert_n with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o infirmes_fw-la of_o that_o hospital_n with_o it_o nor_o can_v the_o tenant_n claim_v any_o right_n by_o this_o deed_n for_o that_o it_o have_v not_o relation_n to_o any_o tenancy_n beside_o hospital_n in_o those_o day_n do_v not_o use_v to_o create_v unprosetable_a tenor_n to_o themselves_o and_o where_o land_n be_v say_v to_o be_v hold_v in_o gavelkynd_n there_o be_v a_o estate_n of_o inheritance_n they_o be_v syncategorematical_a or_o relative_n in_o the_o like_a sense_n be_v that_o deed_n which_o mr._n s._n make_v his_o script_n 〈◊〉_d pag._n 184._o where_o radun_v from_o wadidit_fw-la &_o concessit_fw-la 〈◊〉_d &_o fratribus_fw-la hospitalis_n sancti_fw-la laurentii_fw-la juxtà _fw-la gantunriam_fw-la by_o his_o deed_n septem_fw-la acras_fw-la terrae_fw-la meae_fw-la say_v he_o tenendas_fw-la in_fw-la gavel-kind_n de_fw-fr i_o &_o heredibus_fw-la meis_fw-la â—â—berâ—_n &_o quiâ—â—â—_n reddendo_fw-la inde_fw-la annuatim_fw-la mihi_fw-la vel_fw-la beredibus_fw-la meis_fw-la xlii_o denarios_fw-la etc._n etc._n pro_fw-la hac_fw-la donatione_fw-la &_o confirmatione_fw-la dederunt_fw-la mihi_fw-la praedicti_fw-la fratres_fw-la &_o heredibus_fw-la meis_fw-la quinque_fw-la marcas_fw-la â—ierlingorum_fw-la all_o that_o i_o can_v gather_v out_o of_o this_o be_v that_o ralph_n erone_n sell_v to_o the_o brethren_n of_o st._n lawrences_n hospital_n seven_o acre_n for_o five_o mark_v and_o reserve_v a_o rent_n of_o two_o and_o forty_o penny_n the_o land_n to_o be_v hold_v of_o he_o and_o his_o heir_n in_o gavel-kind_n which_o as_o in_o the_o other_o of_o herbaldune_n so_o be_v this_o to_o be_v understand_v to_o be_v to_o the_o common_a land_n 〈…〉_o and_o behalf_n of_o all_o the_o brethren_n for_o if_o not_o so_o i_o desire_v 〈◊〉_d inform_v how_o it_o can_v ruâ—_a into_o the_o tenor_n of_o glaver-lâ—ynd_a among_o they_o any_o other_o way_n and_o here_o alsoâ—eâ—_n i_o caution_n you_o to_o observe_v that_o in_o the_o first_o deed_n it_o be_v saiâ—_n to_o be_v grant_v in_o perpetuam_fw-la eleemosyndm_n and_o 〈…〉_o and_o then_o come_v in_o with_o the_o reddendum_fw-la so_o like_o wise_a in_o the_o second_o deed_n where_o the_o tenondum_fw-la and_o the_o reddendum_fw-la be_v at_o a_o distance_n that_o by_o mean_n thereof_o it_o be_v not_o probable_a at_o all_o that_o gavel-kind_n shall_v have_v any_o relation_n to_o the_o reddenda_fw-la in_o either_o and_o serious_o consider_v do_v plain_o contain_v a_o different_a use_n from_o either_o rent_n or_o purchase_n but_o to_o proceed_v to_o those_o several_a grant_n produce_v by_o mr._n s._n in_o relation_n to_o the_o term_n as_o that_o of_o r._n dei_fw-la gratia_fw-la sancti_fw-la augustini_fw-la cantuar_n 4._o script_n 4._o shere_v somewhat_o be_v want_v i_o believe_v it_o shall_v be_v 〈…〉_o &_o ejusâ—am_fw-la loci_fw-la conventus_fw-la make_v to_o jordanus_n â—e_v sâ—res_n much_o his_o heir_n of_o xl._n acre_n of_o marshland_n be_v long_v to_o their_o manor_n of_o cistelet_n 6._o script_n 6._o and_o that_o of_o alan_n the_o prior_n and_o the_o convent_n of_o christ-church_n in_o canterbury_n unto_o theb._n de_fw-fr einesford_n and_o his_o heir_n of_o fourscore_o acre_n of_o land_n in_o their_o lordship_n of_o northocholt_n by_o they_o to_o be_v hold_v by_o rent_n and_o suit_n of_o court_n at_o orpinton_n add_v gavilikende_v 7._o script_n 7._o as_o also_o that_o of_o the_o same_o prior_n and_o convent_n to_o stephen_n de_fw-fr kinardentone_n of_o 〈◊〉_d acre_n and_o to_o his_o heir_n add_v gaveliâ—hinde_v again_o that_o deed_n of_o gaufridus_n the_o prior_n and_o the_o convent_n of_o christ-church_n canterbury_n to_o joni_n and_o his_o heir_n of_o a_o sheep_n pasture_n in_o osmundeseye_n tenend_n 8._o script_n 8._o say_v they_o de_fw-fr nobissuccessiuè_fw-la ad_fw-la gavel-kind_n by_o rent_n and_o that_o his_o heir_n successive_o shall_v give_v de_fw-fr relevio_fw-la lvis._n and_o suit_n of_o court_n at_o leysdum_fw-la all_o these_o grantee_n have_v by_o the_o virtue_n of_o these_o several_a grant_v a_o instatement_n into_o the_o tenure_n of_o gavel-kind_n which_o be_v a_o estate_n of_o inheritance_n and_o be_v to_o run_v in_o a_o parallel_n line_n with_o land_n of_o the_o like_a nature_n that_o be_v that_o the_o son_n or_o child_n of_o the_o possessor_n when_o decease_a shall_v hold_v those_o land_n according_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o partition_n in_o gavelkynd_n and_o there_o be_v no_o difficulty_n in_o they_o as_o i_o can_v perceive_v all_o that_o i_o find_v be_v that_o the_o granter_n have_v create_v a_o estate_n of_o the_o tenure_n of_o gavel-kind_n in_o case_n there_o have_v be_v none_o before_o none_o of_o they_o to_o my_o apprehension_n carry_v with_o they_o any_o notable_a antiquity_n lest_o of_o all_o to_o the_o purpose_n be_v that_o 5._o script_n 5._o in_o pag._n 178._o where_o it_o be_v say_v predecessores_fw-la dni_fw-la regis_fw-la concesserunt_fw-la manerium_fw-la de_fw-la wells_n in_o come_v cant._n postea_fw-la concessum_fw-la erat_fw-la in_o puram_fw-la &_o perpetuam_fw-la elcemosynam_n nunquam_fw-la partitum_fw-la fuit_fw-la nec_fw-la est_fw-la portibile_fw-la that_o be_v it_o be_v never_o part_v nor_o be_v partible_a to_o which_o all_o that_o i_o can_v say_v be_v that_o it_o never_o be_v nor_o be_v like_a to_o be_v so_o hold_v gavel-kynd-land_n but_o the_o pass_a discourse_n in_o this_o chapter_n only_o show_v the_o nature_n and_o tenure_n of_o such_o land_n and_o make_v nothing_o at_o all_o to_o the_o etymology_n or_o the_o investigation_n of_o the_o true_a derivation_n of_o the_o word_n in_o contest_v to_o conclude_v mr._n s._n in_o page_n 150._o draw_v from_o his_o several_a discourse_n a_o double_a consectary_n as_o he_o be_v please_v to_o term_v it_o 1._o that_o the_o king_n may_v hold_v land_n in_o gavel-kind_n i_o must_v needs_o approve_v of_o it_o and_o in_o case_n the_o king_n do_v hold_v such_o land_n and_o at_o his_o decease_n leave_v several_a son_n behind_o he_o they_o must_v part_v it_o and_o that_o prince_n have_v so_o do_v i_o have_v already_o prove_v by_o the_o several_a example_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o wales_n and_o of_o the_o german_a empire_n 2._o that_o the_o king_n hold_v land_n in_o gavel-kind_n in_o case_n he_o shall_v grant_v it_o away_o to_o any_o religious_a house_n in_o puram_fw-la &_o perpetuam_fw-la eleemosynam_fw-la in_o frank_a almoign_n it_o remain_v notwithstanding_o partible_a as_o before_o it_o come_v to_o the_o crown_n in_o their_o hand_n at_o least_o who_o the_o religious_a man_n shall_v infeoff_v with_o it_o the_o first_o part_n of_o this_o i_o grant_v for_o if_o such_o land_n be_v give_v to_o any_o religious_a society_n they_o remain_v partible_a as_o to_o the_o profit_n of_o they_o that_o be_v to_o say_v among_o the_o society_n and_o so_o do_v land_n of_o any_o other_o nature_n whatever_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n be_v vest_v pass_v into_o a_o partible_a quality_n that_o be_v the_o whole_a body_n have_v a_o interest_n all_o member_n of_o that_o body_n receive_v part_n and_o share_v of_o the_o benefit_n but_o for_o any_o other_o sort_n of_o partition_n i_o can_v fancy_v how_o it_o shall_v be_v among_o they_o and_o then_o again_o it_o do_v not_o necessary_o follow_v that_o those_o that_o be_v by_o this_o society_n interest_v with_o the_o hold_n of_o those_o land_n under_o they_o shall_v hold_v they_o in_o the_o tenure_n of_o gavelkind_n for_o by_o such_o a_o grant_n as_o i_o say_v before_o in_o this_o tenure_n of_o gavel-kind_n the_o say_a society_n or_o body_n divest_v themselves_o of_o the_o fee-simple_n and_o invest_v the_o taker_n with_o a_o estate_n of_o inheritance_n and_o again_o this_o must_v have_v a_o full_a reference_n to_o the_o society_n their_o manner_n of_o grant_v it_o and_o than_o it_o may_v
be_v have_v to_o the_o condition_n and_o quality_n of_o the_o land_n in_o say_v 374._o say_v pag._n 374._o sicut_fw-la de_fw-fr gavelkynd_n vel_fw-la alibi_fw-la ubi_fw-la terra_fw-la partibilis_fw-la est_fw-la ratione_fw-la terrae_fw-la then_o will_v i_o be_v inform_v what_o they_o mean_v by_o this_o ratione_fw-la terrae_fw-la for_o if_o the_o ratio_fw-la rei_fw-la signify_v the_o tenure_n than_o the_o ratio_fw-la terrae_fw-la shall_v have_v relation_n to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o soil_n for_o sure_a it_o can_v have_v relation_n to_o the_o distance_n or_o difference_n by_o the_o celestial_a degree_n i_o can_v i_o confess_v apprehend_v the_o nicety_n of_o the_o distinction_n and_o therefore_o pass_v to_o that_o which_o mr._n 44._o mr._n pag._n 44._o s._n say_v that_o that_o property_n alone_o of_o the_o land_n be_v gavelkynd_n or_o so_o call_v do_v not_o suffice_v to_o render_v it_o partible_n if_o the_o question_n be_v so_o far_o obtain_v and_o grant_v that_o gavel-kind_n signify_v natura_fw-la redditus_fw-la and_o that_o that_o be_v the_o genuine_a etymology_n thereof_o then_o must_v it_o be_v true_a and_o concede_v but_o on_o the_o contrary_a i_o know_v much_o gavelkynd_n land_n that_o be_v not_o subject_v to_o rent_n how_o will_v it_o then_o answer_v the_o tenor_n derivation_n and_o signification_n whereas_o in_o this_o exposition_n of_o the_o â—erm_n that_o i_o have_v give_v viz._n tenura_n progenici_fw-la aut_fw-la familias_fw-la division_n significant_o reside_v in_o its_o name_n and_o nature_n i_o be_o sure_a the_o inference_n be_v so_o strong_a that_o where_o there_o be_v gavelkynd_n there_o be_v partition_n and_o it_o may_v as_o proper_o be_v say_v that_o the_o tenure_n of_o burgh-english_a by_o the_o intrinsical_a value_v of_o its_o name_n do_v not_o import_n the_o young_a son_n shall_v inherit_v the_o land_n as_o that_o gavelkind_a do_v not_o infer_v a_o regular_a participation_n upon_o partition_n by_o the_o parcener_n which_o to_o strengthen_v it_o the_o more_o be_v now_o become_v a_o ancient_a custom_n and_o this_o sir_n 165._o sir_n lib._n 2._o sect._n 165._o edward_n coke_n say_v be_v one_o of_o the_o main_a triangle_n of_o the_o law_n of_o england_n these_o law_n be_v divide_v into_o common-law_n statute-law_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o last_o of_o which_o he_o add_v out_o of_o bracton_n that_o consuetudo_fw-la quandoque_fw-la pro_fw-la lege_fw-la servatur_fw-la in_fw-la partibus_fw-la ubi_fw-la fuerit_fw-la more_fw-it utentium_fw-la approbata_fw-la &_o vicem_fw-la leg_n be_v obtinet_fw-la long_o ae_z vi_fw-la enim_fw-la tempor_fw-la be_v usus_fw-la &_o consuetudinis_fw-la non_fw-la est_fw-la vilis_fw-la autoritas_fw-la long_fw-mi possessio_fw-la sicut_fw-la ejus_fw-la parit_fw-la jus_o possidendi_fw-la &_o tollit_fw-la actionem_fw-la vero_fw-la domino_fw-la so_o that_o its_o continuance_n for_o so_o long_a a_o time_n to_o be_v a_o custom_n give_v it_o a_o privilege_n without_o any_o impropriety_n of_o speech_n to_o be_v call_v a_o law_n notwithstanding_o the_o several_a usage_n in_o this_o tenure_n and_o although_o mr._n s._n seem_v startle_v at_o what_o be_v before_o cite_v out_o of_o bracton_n sicut_fw-la de_fw-fr gavelkynd_n well_fw-mi alibi_n ubi_fw-la terra_fw-la est_fw-la partibilis_fw-la etc._n etc._n there_o be_v no_o reason_n that_o this_o alibi_n shall_v so_o offend_v he_o as_o to_o call_v it_o a_o improper_a expression_n for_o i_o believe_v there_o be_v scarce_o a_o county_n in_o england_n but_o have_v this_o tenure_n more_o or_o less_o beside_o what_o place_n i_o have_v already_o cite_v in_o this_o discourse_n i_o know_v there_o be_v much_o in_o shropshire_n yet_o take_v one_o more_o upon_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o kingdom_n in_o the_o county_n of_o norfolk_n which_o be_v thus_o record_v in_o the_o chamberlain_n office_n of_o the_o exchequer_n placita_fw-la coram_fw-la rege_fw-la anno_fw-la 20._o edw._n 3._o term._n hillar_n norfol._n 97._o asss._n in_o qua_fw-la johs_n buxkyn_n chr_n profert_fw-la scriptum_fw-la relaxationis_fw-la johis_fw-la de_fw-la pickering_n &_o willielmi_n fratris_fw-la ejus_fw-la gallicè_fw-la factum_fw-la de_fw-la medietat_fw-la vi_fw-la mess_n etc._n etc._n &_o iiii_o tercellorum_fw-la in_o clipesby_n billokby_n etc._n etc._n in_o hoc_fw-la placito_fw-la patet_fw-la quod_fw-la tenementa_fw-la quae_fw-la sunt_fw-la de_fw-la feodo_fw-la de_fw-fr pickering_n sunt_fw-la partibilia_fw-la inter_fw-la masculos_fw-la so_o that_o turn_n into_o what_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n you_o please_v i_o believe_v you_o will_v find_v gavel-kind_n but_o mr._n s._n proceed_v by_o way_n of_o wonder_n say_v we_o be_v tell_v that_o this_o custom_n of_o gavelkynd_n partition_n take_v place_n have_v do_v at_o least_o in_o other_o county_n and_o sir_n edward_n coke_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n have_v lapse_v into_o the_o like_a misapprehension_n for_o upon_o these_o word_n of_o littleton_n en_fw-fr le_fw-fr county_n de_fw-fr kent_n he_o make_v this_o note_n for_o that_o say_v he_o in_o no_o county_n of_o england_n land_n at_o this_o day_n be_v of_o the_o nature_n of_o gavel-kind_n of_o common_a right_n save_v in_o kent_n only_o but_o yet_o he_o present_o add_v in_o divers_a part_n of_o england_n within_z divers_z manor_n and_o signory_n the_o like_a custom_n be_v in_o force_n for_o my_o part_n i_o must_v acknowledge_v i_o be_o to_o seek_v as_o to_o the_o neatness_n of_o the_o distinction_n first_o saying_n that_o no_o county_n of_o england_n have_v land_n it_o be_v not_o say_v all_o the_o land_n of_o the_o county_n of_o the_o nature_n of_o gavel-kind_n of_o common_a right_n and_o yet_o that_o in_o divers_a part_n of_o england_n within_z divers_z manor_n and_o signory_n the_o like_a custom_n be_v in_o force_n if_o the_o salvo_n lie_v in_o this_o word_n viz._n of_o common_a right_n i_o will_v willing_o be_v satisfy_v whether_o land_n in_o gavel-kind_n do_v not_o pass_v both_o according_a to_o common_a right_n as_o well_o as_o common_a law_n certain_a it_o be_v that_o the_o common_a law_n of_o that_o county_n hundred_o or_o seignory_n where_o gavelkynd_n be_v in_o force_n make_v the_o child_n participant_n of_o that_o land_n by_o common_a right_n and_o it_o be_v the_o common_a law_n by_o which_o that_o common_a right_n be_v or_o can_v be_v claim_v in_o page_n 53._o and_o 54._o mr._n s._n speak_v of_o what_o littleton_n instance_v in_o north-wales_n that_o this_o custom_n of_o gavel-kind_n partition_n take_v place_n beside_o kent_n he_o introduce_v it_o from_o that_o authority_n not_o as_o his_o faith_n and_o belief_n but_o with_o a_o we_o be_v tell_v but_o let_v not_o the_o scruple_n be_v so_o great_a when_o i_o declare_v what_o before_o i_o have_v show_v that_o it_o be_v in_o south-wales_n as_o well_o as_o north-wales_n and_o in_o other_o place_n as_o well_o as_o there_o but_o then_o he_o proceed_v to_o question_v thus_o what_o custom_n i_o pray_v if_o you_o inquire_v of_o littleton_n he_o will_v tell_v you_o it_o be_v the_o custom_n of_o gavelkind_a partition_n or_o inquire_v of_o the_o customer_n you_o will_v find_v they_o no_o stranger_n to_o the_o denomination_n of_o gavel_n and_o the_o word_n in_o use_n among_o they_o even_o to_o express_v the_o tenure_n littleton_n word_n be_v these_o auxy_n tiel_n custom_n est_fw-fr en_fw-fr autres_fw-fr lieux_fw-fr dengleterr_v &_o auxy_n tiel_n custom_n est_fw-fr en_fw-fr north-gale_n etc._n etc._n which_o be_v as_o much_o as_o to_o say_v also_o such_o custom_n he_o write_v of_o parcener_n by_o custom_n which_o be_v gavel-kind_n there_o be_v in_o other_o place_n of_o england_n and_o also_o such_o custom_n be_v in_o north-wales_n etc._n etc._n and_o the_o like_a custom_n as_o our_o author_n mention_n to_o be_v in_o north-wales_n he_o say_v be_v also_o in_o ireland_n for_o there_o he_o add_v the_o land_n also_o which_o be_v one_o mark_v of_o the_o ancient_a briton_n mark_v this_o be_v of_o the_o nature_n of_o gavel-kind_n for_o that_o by_o their_o brehon-law_n the_o bastard_n inherit_v with_o their_o legitimate_a son_n but_o as_o to_o the_o bastard_n that_o custom_n be_v abolish_v agree_v with_o littleton_n in_o this_o point_n see_v a_o old_a statute_n aliter_fw-la usitatum_fw-la est_fw-la in_o wallia_fw-la quam_fw-la in_o anglia_fw-it quo_fw-la ad_fw-la successionem_fw-la haereditatis_fw-la eo_fw-la quod_fw-la haereditas_fw-la partibilis_fw-la est_fw-la inter_fw-la haeredes_fw-la maseulos_fw-la à _fw-la tempore_fw-la cujus_fw-la non_fw-la extitit_fw-la memoria_fw-la partibilis_fw-la extitit_fw-la dominus_fw-la rex_fw-la non_fw-la vult_fw-la quod_fw-la consuetudo_fw-la illa_fw-la abrogetur_fw-la sed_fw-la quod_fw-la haereditates_fw-la remaneant_fw-la partibiles_fw-la inter_fw-la consimiles_fw-la haeredes_fw-la sicut_fw-la fieri_fw-la consuevit_fw-la &_o fiat_fw-la partitio_fw-la illius_fw-la sicut_fw-la fieri_fw-la consuevit_fw-la to_o that_o which_o sir_n edward_n coke_n wonder_v at_o which_o be_v the_o participation_n of_o bastard_n by_o the_o brehon-law_n in_o the_o land_n that_o be_v partible_a i_o have_v already_o show_v it_o be_v a_o law_n or_o a_o custom_n among_o the_o britain_n but_o sir_n edward_n conclude_v that_o gavelkynd_n custom_n in_o ireland_n be_v
board_n or_o table_n and_o cotarii_fw-la be_v cottager_n such_o as_o dwell_v in_o a_o cottage_n 1._o cottage_n anno_fw-la 4._o ed._n 1._o stat._n 1._o that_o be_v to_o say_v a_o house_n without_o land_n belong_v to_o it_o and_o come_v from_o the_o saxon_a word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o be_v the_o same_o with_o tugurium_fw-la and_o tectum_fw-la in_o latin_a a_o â—egendo_fw-la so_o as_o this_o be_v in_o signification_n a_o cover_n or_o shelter_n because_o those_o small_a habitation_n be_v only_o make_v to_o cover_v they_o from_o the_o sun_n and_o weather_n i_o be_o not_o ignorant_a of_o that_o great_a mistake_n the_o whole_a current_n of_o writer_n have_v run_v into_o those_o who_o work_n have_v be_v publish_v within_o these_o last_o 300_o year_n where_o they_o general_o endeavour_v to_o load_v all_o the_o indignity_n of_o tenor_n of_o servility_n and_o vassalage_n upon_o this_o norman_a change_n i_o deny_v not_o but_o that_o some_o be_v at_o that_o time_n introduce_v especial_o many_o jocular_a tenor_n which_o be_v the_o effect_n of_o private_a contract_n betwixt_o the_o lord_n and_o his_o tenant_n and_o not_o of_o any_o general_a concernment_n but_o hence_o i_o can_v yield_v to_o conclude_v that_o all_o tenor_n of_o servility_n be_v of_o their_o introduction_n mr._n s._n continue_v in_o his_o opinion_n in_o the_o 104_o page_n where_o he_o write_v that_o fee-simple_n fee-tayl_n fee-farm_n grand_a &_o petit_fw-fr serjeanty_n escuage_z burgage_n villeinage_n etc._n etc._n be_v all_o of_o the_o norman_a plantation_n and_o we_o by_o they_o say_v he_o at_o least_o since_o their_o conquest_n of_o we_o bring_v acquaint_v with_o they_o etc._n etc._n perhaps_o those_o compound_n may_v be_v the_o effect_n of_o the_o consultation_n of_o some_o of_o the_o king_n of_o the_o norman_a race_n but_o for_o the_o word_n fee_n minshew_n discourse_v very_o well_o upon_o it_o for_o say_v he_o our_o ancient_a lawyer_n either_o not_o observe_v from_o whence_o the_o word_n grow_v or_o at_o least_o not_o sufficient_o express_v their_o knowledge_n what_o it_o signify_v among_o they_o from_o who_o they_o take_v it_o feudum_fw-la whence_o the_o word_n fief_n or_o fee_n come_v signify_v in_o the_o german_a language_n 107._o language_n in_o like_a manner_n do_v mr._n s._n labour_n to_o deduce_v it_o from_o a_o saxon_a original_a p._n 107._o beneficium_fw-la cujus_fw-la nomine_fw-la opera_fw-la quaedam_fw-la gratiae_fw-la testificandae_fw-la causa_fw-la debentur_fw-la and_o our_o of_o hotoman_n say_v that_o by_o this_o name_n go_v all_o land_n and_o tenement_n that_o be_v hold_v by_o any_o acknowledgement_n of_o any_o superiority_n to_o any_o high_a lord_n so_o be_v all_o the_o land_n in_o england_n except_o the_o crown_n land_n hold_v that_o be_v of_o feudum_n or_o fee_n for_o he_o that_o can_v say_v most_o for_o his_o estute_n say_v but_o this_o seisitus_fw-la inde_fw-la in_o dominico_n meo_fw-la ut_fw-la de_fw-la seudo_fw-la which_o be_v i_o be_o seize_v of_o this_o or_o that_o land_n or_o tenement_n in_o my_o demain_fw-fr as_o of_o fee_n which_o be_v no_o more_o than_o if_o he_o shall_v say_v it_o be_v my_o demain_fw-fr or_o proper_a land_n after_o a_o sort_n because_o it_o be_v to_o i_o and_o my_o heir_n for_o ever_o yet_o not_o simple_o i_o because_o i_o hold_v it_o in_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o benefit_n from_o another_o and_o fee-tayl_n as_o distinguish_v be_v not_o a_o introduction_n of_o the_o norman_n for_o that_o minshew_n observe_v it_o to_o have_v its_o original_a from_o the_o statute_n of_o westm._n 2._o c._n 1._o which_o be_v make_v anno_fw-la 13._o edw._n 1._o the_o word_n feud_n be_v use_v familiar_o to_o this_o day_n in_o the_o high_a and_o low_a germanye_n for_o what_o concerus_a grand_a &_o petit_fw-fr serjeanty_n i_o believe_v the_o word_n to_o be_v french_a and_o so_o introduce_v by_o the_o norman_n to_o express_v those_o service_n that_o be_v due_a to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n before_o the_o conquest_n such_o service_n be_v reserve_v by_o the_o saxon_a king_n the_o service_n of_o escuage_z be_v before_o the_o norman_a conquest_n though_o not_o know_v by_o that_o name_n the_o like_a be_v of_o burgage_n which_o be_v no_o more_o than_o a_o yearly_a rent_n whereby_o man_n of_o city_n and_o burrows_n hold_v their_o land_n or_o tenement_n of_o the_o king_n or_o any_o other_o lord_n which_o be_v in_o use_n before_o the_o conquest_n concern_v villeinage_n mr._n s._n do_v cite_v out_o of_o mr._n lambards_n perambulation_n of_o kent_n in_o mepham_n under_o the_o term_n of_o agenes-land_n this_o as_o a_o very_a ancient_a passage_n which_o have_v be_v enough_o to_o have_v convince_v i_o that_o there_o have_v be_v villain_n before_o the_o norman_a conquest_n and_o it_o be_v this_o et_fw-la si_fw-la villanus_fw-la ita_fw-la crevisset_fw-la sva_fw-la probitate_fw-la quod_fw-la pleniter_fw-la haberet_fw-la quinque_fw-la hidas_fw-la de_fw-la svo_fw-la proprio_fw-la alledio_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o in_o his_o 114._o page_n cit_v a_o old_a version_n of_o the_o 19_o and_o 21._o of_o king_n ina_n law_n of_o the_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o be_v make_v thereby_o to_o signify_v villanus_fw-la or_o colonus_n and_o it_o be_v convict_v by_o domesdey_n book_n survey_v in_o sudsexe_n thus_o radulfus_n tenet_fw-la de_fw-fr willielmo_n viz._n de_fw-mi warene_n bristelmestune_n brictric_n tenuit_fw-la de_fw-la dono_fw-la godwini_fw-la comitis_fw-la t._n r._n e._n &_o modo_fw-la se_fw-la defendit_fw-la pro_fw-la v._n hide_v &_o dim_a tran_n est_fw-la iii_o car_n in_o dnino_fw-la est_fw-la dimid_n car_fw-fr &_o xviii_o villain_n &_o ix_o bordarii_fw-la cum_fw-la iii_o car_n &_o uno_fw-la servo_fw-la de_fw-fr gablo_fw-mi iv_o milia_fw-la alletium_fw-la in_o eadem_fw-la villa_n tenet_fw-la widardus_fw-la de_fw-fr willo_n vi_o hide_v &_o unam_fw-la vs._n &_o proâ—tanto_fw-la se_fw-la defendit_fw-la tres_n aloarn_v tenuerunt_fw-la de_fw-la rege_fw-la edwardo_n &_o potuerunt_fw-la ire_n quolibet_fw-la unus_n ex_fw-la eye_n habuit_fw-la aulam_fw-la &_o villani_n tenuerunt_fw-la part_n aliorum_fw-la duorum_fw-la here_o be_v a_o express_a of_o a_o servus_n and_o also_o of_o the_o villani_n who_o hold_v this_o land_n in_o the_o time_n of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n beside_o this_o i_o can_v allege_v many_o more_o but_o sir_n edward_n coke_n upon_o littleton_n say_v that_o villani_n in_o domesday_n be_v not_o there_o take_v for_o bondman_n but_o have_v their_o name_n de_fw-fr villis_fw-la because_o they_o have_v ferm_n and_o there_o do_v work_n of_o husbandry_n for_o the_o lord_n and_o they_o be_v ever_o before_o name_v bordarii_n which_o be_v contrary_a to_o mr._n s._n in_o what_o i_o cite_v before_o of_o he_o concern_v bordmanni_n which_o i_o believe_v be_v one_o and_o the_o same_o thing_n with_o bordarii_n and_o such_o as_o be_v bondman_n be_v call_v servi_n thus_o sir_n edward_n coke_n but_o i_o believe_v the_o norman_n find_v these_o villain_n here_o even_o by_o their_o name_n by_o which_o i_o believe_v they_o be_v of_o a_o very_a ancient_a stand_n for_o that_o i_o find_v they_o know_v by_o the_o britain_n by_o that_o title_n as_o they_o be_v often_o mention_v in_o the_o law_n of_o howel-dha_a in_o a_o law_n which_o before_o in_o this_o 〈◊〉_d i_o mention_v be_v notice_n take_v of_o a_o king_n villain_n and_o of_o a_o nobleman_n villain_n and_o then_o another_o that_o give_v a_o right_a to_o the_o foster-children_n of_o divide_v land_n with_o the_o child_n of_o the_o villain_n but_o a_o little_a more_o plain_o to_o bring_v the_o proof_n in_o those_o law_n it_o be_v demonstrate_v how_o that_o tres_fw-la homines_fw-la promoveri_fw-la possunt_fw-la uâ—a_fw-la die_v that_o be_v to_o say_v as_o i_o guess_v it_o they_o be_v make_v gentleman_n in_o one_o day_n here_o you_o must_v take_v the_o latin_a as_o i_o find_v it_o captivus_fw-la si_fw-la movetus_fw-la in_o swyd_n de_fw-fr xxiv_o officialibus_fw-la swyd_n be_v dignitas_fw-la dignity_n so_o that_o the_o sense_n of_o it_o be_v this_o if_o the_o prince_n bestow_v upon_o a_o caprive_n the_o dignity_n of_o be_v one_o of_o the_o twenty_o four_o chief_a officer_n of_o his_o court_n it_o be_v a_o advancement_n peculiar_a or_o he_o become_v by_o it_o a_o gentleman_n secundus_fw-la filius_fw-la villani_fw-la si_fw-la sit_fw-la clericus_fw-la our_o common_a law_n do_v differ_v from_o the_o civil_a law_n which_o say_v partus_fw-la sequitur_fw-la ventrem_fw-la where_o as_o the_o common_a law_n have_v it_o partus_fw-la sequitur_fw-la patrem_fw-la but_o here_o provision_n be_v make_v that_o the_o son_n of_o a_o villain_n be_v a_o clergy_n man_n shall_v become_v a_o gentleman_n which_o be_v somewhat_o explain_v by_o the_o next_o tertius_fw-la homo_fw-la ex_fw-la captiva_fw-la villa_n si_fw-fr villa_n habeat_fw-la à _fw-la domino_fw-la patrie_fw-fr licentiam_fw-la ecclesiam_fw-la aedificare_fw-la &_o in_o cimiterio_fw-la ejus_fw-la corpora_fw-la sepeliri_fw-la tunc_fw-la villa_n siâ—_n &_o omnes_fw-la homines_fw-la de_fw-la ea_fw-la postea_fw-la sunt_fw-la liberi_fw-la that_o
and_o thule_n call_v britain_n fol._n 145_o italian_a partition_n fol._n 12_o 13_o jurye_n fol._n 61_o 62_o 63_o jurye_n among_o the_o welsh_a fol._n 64_o jus_fw-la angliae_fw-la both_o in_o socage_n and_o knights-fee_n fol._n 139_o k._n kentish-british_a law_n not_o alter_v by_o hengist_n fol._n 46_o kent_n invest_v in_o hengist_n examine_v fol._n 37_o kent_n change_v her_o gavelkind_n fol._n 81_o kenneth_n king_n of_o scot_n expel_v the_o pict_n fol._n 163_o kent_n have_v four_o king_n at_o one_o time_n fol._n 45_o kingsland_n fol._n 44_o king_n ethelmund_n ibid._n king_n pibanus_n of_o ergin_n fol._n 44._o 91_o king_n gorvodius_n milfrith_n etc._n etc._n fol._n 45_o kings-bench_n fol._n 69_o kindred_n what_o it_o be_v fol._n 130_o 131_o knave_n whence_o and_o what_o fol._n 176_o gods-cnave_a ibid._n knight-service_n in_o wales_n fol._n 103._o 107_o knights-fee_n descend_v to_o the_o elder_a fol._n 138_o kind_a fol._n 27._o 130_o 131._o 133_o l._n landscheutan_a german_a tenure_n fol._n 135_o 136_o 137._o land-shifting_a landskistan_n fol._n 136_o the_o saxon_a denomination_n of_o partition_n fol._n 143_o the_o proper_a kentish_a appellation_n fol._n 144_o 145_o land_n ancient_o not_o valuable_a fol._n 6._o 28_o language_n of_o scotland_n fol._n 76_o saxon_n english_a and_z french_z fol._n 75_o 76_o english_a not_o change_v by_o the_o norman_a conquest_n fol._n 75_o welsh_n the_o remain_v of_o the_o gallic_a and_o british_a fol._n 17_o law_n of_o king_n edward_n confirm_v by_o the_o norman_n fol._n 58_o 59_o lawes-common_a not_o write_v fol._n 69_o lawcase_n ibid._n law_n of_o england_n overthrow_v norman_n intruder_n fol._n 65_o learning_n of_o the_o druid_n fol._n 17_o legales_fw-la homines_fw-la or_o yeoman_n mark_fw-mi fol._n 63_o lieutenant_n of_o the_o saxon_a shore_n in_o britain_n fol._n 39_o lempster_n from_o a_o church_n of_o nun_n fol._n 44_o lewes_n in_o sussex_n fol._n 71_o lesley_n bishop_n of_o ross_n in_o scotland_n a_o historian_n fol._n 163_o lewis_n island_n in_o scotland_n hold_v gavelkind_a fol._n 160_o liberty_n of_o englishman_n fol._n 81_o liberi_fw-la sokemanni_n what_o fol._n 148_o llâ—â—_n what_o fol._n 90_o llanfrawtwt_v a_o college_n ancient_o found_v fol._n 90_o llangattock_n gafael_n meâ—bon_n ibid._n litthfield_n chronicle_n fol._n 58_o loager_n loegria_n fol._n 86_o lonaâ—â—_n fol._n 87_o london_n a_o memorial_n of_o troy_n fol._n 83_o london_n its_o law_n very_o ancient_a fol._n 55_o lower_v germany_n use_v partition_n fol._n 11_o m._n mail_v fol._n 120._o 133_o manor_n or_o circuit_n in_o wales_n ancient_o fol._n 96_o marquess_n lord_n marcher_n fol._n 42_o mayor_n whence_o derive_v fol._n 49_o menavians_n understand_v welsh_a and_o irish_a fol._n 146_o merewoldus_n a_o king_n fol._n 43_o merimnus_n a_o king_n fol._n 44_o mercelin_n a_o king_n ibid._n merchenlaege_n what_o fol._n 54_o 57_o mate-gavel_a fol._n 118_o mickel-gemote_a fol._n 65_o military_a fee_n fol._n 149_o morgan_n fol._n 132_o 133_o monmouthshire_n conquer_a fol._n 93_o mortimer_n radulf_n fol._n 78_o mulct_n different_a in_o rate_n in_o england_n fol._n 59_o mulmuâ—us_n dunwallo_n british_a legisâ—tor_n fol._n 154_o his_o law_n translate_v into_o saxon_a fol._n 54._o 154_o n._n neife_n what_o ancient_o fol._n 169_o norman_n of_o their_o conquest_n fol._n 56_o 57_o of_o their_o alteration_n ibid._n they_o alter_v not_o the_o english_a law_n fol._n 57_o of_o their_o law_n in_o normandy_n or_o neustria_n ibid._n employ_v in_o england_n before_o william_n the_o first_o fol._n 78_o their_o enter_a into_o wales_n fol._n 93_o their_o original_a from_o norway_n fol._n 58_o o._n oath_n of_o allegiance_n fol._n 55._o 61_o oat_n or_o oale-gavel_a fol._n 113_o doin_n what_o fol._n 174_o ollavintone_n in_o berkshire_n fol._n 73_o offa_n ditch_n a_o limit_n fol._n 43_o opinion_n receive_v hardly_o remove_v fol._n 1_o ostorius_n publius_n fol._n 34_o p._n paganus_fw-la pagan_a what_o fol._n 168._o 175_o 176_o palatinate_n cheshire_n and_o glamorganshire_n fol._n 94_o pandeborn_n in_o berkshire_n fol._n 68_o parliament_n fol._n 65_o parcener_n per_fw-la le_fw-fr custom_n fol._n 147_o 148_o partition_n use_v in_o first_o plantation_n fol._n 6_o use_v by_o the_o israelite_n fol._n 8_o antiquity_n of_o it_o by_o sacred_a and_o profane_a authority_n fol._n 9_o 10_o make_a use_n of_o by_o brute_n to_o his_o son_n fol._n 15_o 16_o the_o custom_n of_o wales_n fol._n 28._o 103._o 156_o among_o male_n and_o female_n fol._n 100_o 101_o use_v by_o the_o saxon_n fol._n 141_o 142_o 143_o use_v by_o the_o english_a norman_n fol._n 144_o not_o in_o the_o term_n gavelkind_n fol._n 147_o 148_o whether_o ratione_fw-la rei_fw-la aut_fw-la ratione_fw-la terrae_fw-la fol._n 149_o continue_v in_o wales_n by_o statute_n fol._n 153_o the_o manner_n of_o it_o among_o the_o welsh_a fol._n 156_o pencennedl_n or_o chief_n among_o the_o britain_n fol._n 23._o 97._o 132_o jew_n fol._n 23_o scot_n fol._n 24_o irish_a fol._n 97_o pelagian_a heresy_n set_v against_o fol._n 90_o penda_fw-la pibanus_n king_n of_o urchenfield_n fol._n 44._o 91_o piben_fw-ge wat_fw-mi fol._n 174_o pict_n they_o injure_v and_o repulse_v the_o britain_n fol._n 36_o the_o pict_n wall_n ibid._n planter_n at_o first_o the_o condition_n of_o they_o fol._n 5_o placita_fw-la what_o and_o plead_n ancient_o fol._n 68_o 69_o plead_n in_o french_a fol._n 69_o pluntune_v fol._n 116_o powisland_n divide_v subdivide_v and_o parcele_v fol._n 25_o 26_o polydore_v virgil_n examine_v fol._n 83_o privilege_n of_o urchenfield_n fol._n 108._o 156_o primogeniture_n prefer_v fol._n 82._o 138_o price_n sir_n john_n his_o defence_n hist_o brit._n fol._n 84_o pride-gavel_a what_o fol._n 112_o 113_o primogeniture_n in_o scotland_n wâ—y_n fol._n 166_o r._n read-gavel_a fol._n 119_o reguli_fw-la or_o petty_a king_n fol._n 15_o 45_o regulus_n and_o rex_fw-la fol._n 42_o referree_n of_o howel-dha_a what_o they_o do_v fol._n 155_o relief_n fol._n 108_o rent_n reserve_v fol._n 7_o rent_n how_o to_o be_v understand_v fol._n 115_o 116_o rent_n several_a sort_n fol._n 117_o rend_v land_n what_o ancient_o call_v fol._n 119_o rhandir_n what_o fol._n 96_o rodeley_n in_o gloucestershire_n fol._n 112_o roderic_n the_o great_a fol._n 24_o rogerus_fw-la deus_fw-la salvet_fw-la dominas_fw-la fol._n 177_o rochborn_n in_o hampshire_n fol._n 66_o roturier_n of_o france_n fol._n 11_o 95_o rowena_n hengist_n daughter_n fol._n 39_o 41_o roman_a empire_n part_v fol._n 87_o 88_o roman_n alter_v not_o the_o british_a law_n or_o custom_n fol._n 29_o greedy_a of_o conquest_n fol._n 30_o their_o proceed_n in_o the_o conquest_n of_o judaea_n fol._n 30_o of_o greece_n ibid._n of_o britain_n fol._n 30_o 31_o they_o use_v word_n of_o the_o british_a language_n fol._n 31_o set_v up_o a_o false_a will_n for_o the_o emperor_n fol._n 32_o the_o effect_n of_o it_o fol._n 32_o 33_o they_o desert_n britain_n fol._n 35_o s._n saisson_n and_o saisnaeg_n how_o to_o be_v understand_v fol._n 86_o saxon_n they_o co-inhabit_a with_o the_o britain_n fol._n 37_o they_o defend_v the_o pict_n wall_n fol._n 38_o whether_o they_o extirpate_v the_o britain_n or_o no_v ibid._n they_o break_v their_o article_n with_o the_o britain_n fol._n 38_o their_o piracy_n fol._n 41_o they_o fail_v in_o their_o trust_n fol._n 42_o they_o expel_v not_o the_o britain_n fol._n 47_o they_o borrow_v many_o british_a word_n fol._n 48_o 49_o they_o use_v british_a law_n and_o custom_n fol._n 49_o they_o intermix_v their_o saxon_n with_o british_a fol._n 50_o their_o law_n provide_v for_o the_o british_a inhabitant_n fol._n 50_o 51_o 52_o they_o use_v partition_n of_o land_n fol._n 141_o their_o nobility_n who_o and_o what_o fol._n 70_o concern_v their_o character_n fol._n 76_o they_o write_v latin_a ancient_o in_o roman_a letter_n fol._n 76_o they_o change_v their_o form_n of_o fight_a fol._n 77_o sand-gavel_a what_o fol._n 113_o seal_v and_o sign_v of_o charter_n fol._n 72_o 73_o serjeanty_n grand_a and_o petit_n fol._n 171_o servi_n what_o ancient_o fol._n 169._o 172_o servitude_n not_o in_o england_n fol._n 81_o scotish_n language_n fol._n 76_o scot_n and_o lot_n what_o fol._n 78_o scotland_n fol._n 87_o scotish-socage-land_n fol._n 159_o 160_o scotish_n with_o their_o language_n have_v the_o saxon_a custom_n fol._n 161_o scotish_n tongue_n before_o william_n the_o conqueror_n ibid._n scot_n receive_v the_o english_a temp_n willielmi_n primi_fw-la fol._n 162_o scotish_n tongue_n when_o first_o receive_v fol._n 162_o 163_o scotish_n bound_n in_o scotland_n fol._n 165_o sherborn_n against_o warren_n fol._n 65_o shire_n not_o ancient_o in_o wales_n fol._n 94_o soc_n and_o sac_n what_o fol._n 177_o 178_o 179_o socage_n land_n change_v fol._n 139_o socage_n land_n ancient_o partible_a fol._n 89_o 139_o spersold_v in_o berkshire_n fol._n 73_o surname_n when_o first_o use_v fol._n 176_o 177_o suit_n and_o doom_n in_o urchenfield_n fol._n 111_o swyddog_n a_o magistrate_n in_o welsh_a fol._n 93_o 173_o swine-gavel_a what_o fol._n 115_o
this_o in_o probability_n and_o policy_n may_v be_v to_o they_o and_o in_o particular_a to_o the_o most_o famous_a plantation_n of_o virginia_n the_o most_o fertile_a and_o most_o consonant_a to_o english_a body_n of_o any_o whatsoever_o and_o will_v â—ove_v of_o great_a use_n in_o time_n to_o the_o english_a nation_n this_o kind_n of_o partition_n dr._n powel_n add_v be_v very_o good_a to_o plant_v and_o settle_v any_o nation_n in_o a_o large_a country_n not_z inhabit_a but_o in_o a_o populous_a country_n already_o furnish_v with_o inhabitant_n it_o be_v the_o very_a decay_n of_o great_a family_n and_o as_o i_o say_v before_o the_o cause_n of_o strife_n and_o debate_n the_o read_n of_o this_o passage_n be_v it_o which_o many_o year_n since_o first_o set_v my_o thought_n at_o enmity_n with_o the_o saxon_a parentage_n of_o gavelkind_n i_o mean_v that_o of_o gip-eal-cynne_a give_v all_o kin_n this_o it_o be_v that_o give_v i_o not_o only_o some_o example_n of_o the_o use_n of_o it_o among_o the_o welsh_a but_o also_o a_o interpretation_n of_o half_a the_o name_n for_o i_o find_v the_o doctor_n himself_o in_o these_o additament_n to_o this_o welsh_a history_n even_o in_o this_o passage_n i_o have_v make_v use_n of_o startle_v at_o the_o latter_a part_n of_o the_o composition_n for_o he_o have_v write_v kind_a in_o small_a different_a letter_n whereas_o gavel_n be_v write_v in_o great_a but_o to_o return_v to_o the_o pedigree_n by_o which_o you_o plain_o perceive_v the_o use_n and_o the_o effect_n of_o this_o british_a gavel_n and_o not_o only_o so_o but_o the_o partition_n as_o to_o descent_n also_o to_o the_o legitimate_a child_n for_o the_o continuator_fw-la of_o lancarvan_n history_n have_v this_o note_n upon_o owen_n brogynton_n viz._n his_o have_v such_o a_o apportionment_n of_o his_o father_n land_n be_v a_o bastard_n that_o base_a son_n be_v not_o base_o esteem_v but_o with_o the_o other_o have_v part_n of_o their_o father_n inheritance_n and_o so_o have_v other_o through_o wales_n especial_o if_o they_o be_v stout_a and_o of_o noble_a courage_n i_o confess_v this_o passage_n do_v at_o first_o stumble_v i_o with_o some_o other_o of_o the_o like_a nature_n till_o serious_o observe_v and_o compare_v together_o the_o law_n of_o howel-dha_a i_o have_v as_o to_o the_o british_a history_n a_o great_a deal_n of_o light_n administer_v which_o inforce_v i_o from_o my_o incredulity_n to_o admire_v the_o observer_n or_o continuator_fw-la i_o gather_v from_o this_o law_n of_o howel-dha_a si_fw-la villanus_fw-la regis_fw-la filium_fw-la vel_fw-la optimatis_fw-la ex_fw-la licencia_fw-la regis_fw-la alendum_fw-la fusceperit_n filius_fw-la ille_fw-la particeps_fw-la erit_fw-la haereditatis_fw-la cum_fw-la filiis_fw-la villani_n post_fw-la mortem_fw-la ejus_fw-la that_o a_o bastard_n may_v as_o probable_o receive_v a_o part_n in_o his_o father_n estate_n by_o law_n as_o that_o a_o foster-child_n shall_v have_v a_o right_n to_o a_o division_n of_o his_o foster-father_n land_n but_o in_o these_o you_o see_v by_o what_o mean_v the_o prinoipality_n of_o wales_n crumble_v to_o nothing_o who_o give_v as_o much_o opportunity_n to_o the_o saxon_n and_o norman_n by_o this_o division_n to_o conquer_v they_o as_o by_o the_o like_a fraction_n their_o ancestor_n do_v give_v facility_n and_o occasion_n to_o the_o roman_n but_o to_o return_v to_o our_o purpose_n this_o last_o division_n of_o roderick_n the_o great_a mention_v in_o our_o discourse_n be_v say_v to_o be_v do_v according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o wales_n which_o be_v so_o then_o certain_o partition_n be_v according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o wales_n and_o this_o i_o further_o collect_v that_o it_o be_v not_o altogether_o the_o land_n which_o in_o former_a time_n be_v so_o much_o desire_v which_o i_o gather_v from_o that_o vast_a proportion_n of_o waste_a land_n at_o this_o day_n in_o that_o territory_n or_o be_v aequivalent_o consider_v with_o the_o cattle_n and_o stock_n wherewith_o that_o land_n be_v to_o be_v manage_v for_o those_o mulct_n and_o imposition_n of_o fine_n and_o amerciament_n mention_v in_o the_o law_n of_o howel-dha_a be_v very_o severe_a because_o than_o they_o be_v impose_v and_o do_v proceed_v from_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v their_o great_a riches_n and_o be_v not_o only_o in_o money_n but_o principal_o in_o cattle_n of_o all_o sort_n which_o be_v their_o stock_n and_o this_o lead_v i_o to_o examine_v whether_o and_o to_o show_v that_o chap._n 3._o neither_o the_o roman_n nor_o the_o saxon_n alter_v our_o ancient_a law_n of_o the_o ancient_a honour_n and_o use_v of_o the_o reguli_fw-la danelaege_n merkenlaege_n and_o westsaxonlaege_n what_o they_o be_v mr._n s._n say_v p._n 61._o for_o my_o part_n i_o conceive_v it_o viz._n gavelkind_a may_v carry_v a_o antiquity_n far_o great_a than_o the_o time_n of_o the_o norman_a conquest_n etc._n etc._n if_o this_o be_v concede_v i_o shall_v then_o go_v a_o little_a further_o with_o my_o conception_n in_o this_o point_n and_o labour_n to_o make_v it_o probable_a that_o the_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o britain_n be_v not_o alter_v at_o least_o so_o much_o as_o by_o the_o general_a current_n of_o writter_n be_v common_o receive_v by_o either_o the_o conquest_n of_o the_o roman_n or_o saxon_n not_o that_o i_o deny_v but_o that_o each_o of_o they_o make_v some_o sort_n of_o impression_n upon_o they_o in_o relation_n to_o their_o manner_n law_n and_o custom_n though_o the_o main_a body_n of_o they_o stand_v firm_a and_o unshaken_a and_o first_o for_o the_o roman_n who_o in_o those_o time_n be_v much_o disease_a with_o that_o itch_n of_o conquest_n and_o too_o too_o great_a a_o desire_n of_o glory_n by_o it_o be_v carry_v out_o sometime_o to_o attempt_v divers_a great_a thing_n upon_o the_o account_n of_o fame_n that_o be_v even_o unprofitable_a yet_o be_v it_o not_o their_o manner_n or_o custom_n when_o they_o subdue_v any_o country_n to_o alter_v the_o custom_n or_o law_n thereof_o but_o rather_o to_o settle_v the_o conquer_a upon_o a_o foundation_n of_o enjoy_v their_o liberty_n only_o be_v subject_n to_o the_o title_n of_o conquest_n so_o be_v it_o in_o jury_n with_o the_o jew_n to_o who_o in_o holy_a writ_n you_o find_v allow_v many_o thing_n according_a to_o their_o custom_n both_o in_o permit_v of_o the_o ceremony_n of_o their_o religion_n and_o also_o in_o judicial_a affair_n in_o the_o like_a manner_n deal_v they_o with_o some_o of_o the_o grecian_a commonwealth_n the_o roman_a conqueror_n show_v to_o one_o of_o they_o a_o better_a division_n of_o their_o country_n in_o relation_n to_o the_o more_o orderly_a existency_n of_o their_o republic_n than_o ever_o they_o themselves_o have_v before_o take_v notice_n of_o and_o not_o only_o so_o but_o tell_v they_o be_v at_o that_o time_n assemble_v and_o expect_v some_o severe_a doom_n that_o if_o they_o will_v proceed_v in_o their_o ancient_a way_n of_o government_n they_o shall_v have_v their_o liberty_n provide_v they_o own_v the_o roman_n their_o superior_n in_o right_a of_o conquest_n who_o only_o desire_v such_o a_o power_n over_o they_o by_o their_o garrison_n the_o burden_n and_o charge_n whereof_o shall_v not_o be_v considerable_a to_o they_o that_o in_o case_n they_o rebel_v those_o they_o will_v keep_v as_o door_n and_o inlet_n by_o which_o they_o will_v pour_v in_o such_o force_n as_o shall_v reduce_v they_o to_o their_o peace_n but_o that_o such_o a_o defection_n shall_v be_v the_o occasion_n of_o the_o loss_n of_o their_o freedom_n and_o after_o this_o manner_n be_v the_o common_a practice_n observe_v by_o the_o roman_n in_o their_o conquest_n but_o to_o return_v home_o i_o find_v not_o that_o either_o caesar_n in_o his_o commentary_n lucan_n or_o tacitus_n mention_n or_o point_n out_o any_o alteration_n in_o the_o religion_n or_o in_o the_o custom_n or_o so_o much_o as_o the_o ceremony_n of_o the_o druid_n and_o though_o i_o must_v yield_v that_o from_o the_o roman_n the_o britain_n have_v most_o part_n of_o their_o civility_n in_o the_o use_n of_o habit_n manner_n of_o warring_n building_n bath_n etc._n etc._n yet_o can_v i_o not_o collect_v any_o innovation_n as_o to_o their_o law_n and_o can_v bold_o affirm_v that_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o these_o alteration_n as_o we_o have_v the_o term_n of_o art_n and_o appellation_n of_o thing_n from_o they_o so_o again_o the_o britain_n leave_v some_o relic_n of_o their_o language_n among_o the_o roman_n for_o what_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o this_o island_n have_v that_o to_o the_o roman_n be_v repute_v rarity_n to_o they_o do_v they_o accept_v of_o british_a appellation_n smooth_v they_o into_o their_o own_o idiom_n the_o britain_n at_o that_o time_n be_v famous_a for_o their_o art_n in_o contexture_n of_o basket_n be_v thing_n very_o much_o by_o the_o roman_n desire_v who_o hear_v the_o britain_n call_v they_o in_o their_o language_n
order_v their_o own_o land_n and_o tenement_n one_o part_n they_o keep_v in_o their_o own_o hand_n and_o in_o they_o stately_a house_n and_o castle_n be_v erect_v and_o make_v for_o their_o habitation_n and_o defence_n of_o their_o person_n and_o the_o realm_n also_o forest_n and_o park_n be_v make_v there_o for_o the_o pleasure_n solace_n and_o delight_n some_o be_v of_o a_o round_a building_n of_o stone_n for_o the_o most_o part_n build_v upon_o a_o round_a pile_n of_o earth_n either_o natural_a but_o most_o common_o cast_v up_o by_o man_n industry_n other_o upon_o a_o small_a rise_n or_o a_o plain_a ground_n seldom_o more_o capacious_a than_o to_o receive_v about_o twenty_o or_o thirty_o man_n and_o be_v make_v rather_o to_o preserve_v the_o person_n and_o good_n of_o the_o owner_n and_o his_o servant_n and_o tenant_n than_o to_o endure_v a_o long_a siege_n of_o which_o sort_n there_o be_v many_o in_o ireland_n because_o of_o their_o ancient_a intestine_a feud_n but_o more_o upon_o the_o english_a and_o scotish_n border_n many_o of_o which_o i_o have_v see_v but_o with_o this_o difference_n as_o i_o say_v before_o that_o those_o the_o english_a do_v ancient_o build_v be_v round_o and_o these_o for_o the_o most_o part_n square_v with_o one_o round_a tower_n at_o one_o of_o the_o angle_n both_o sort_n of_o which_o be_v ancient_o call_v fortalice_n and_o seldom_o make_v use_n of_o for_o habitation_n because_o i_o find_v their_o mean_a dwell_v house_n be_v make_v common_o under_o it_o or_o very_o near_o adjoin_v to_o it_o and_o i_o discern_v a_o difference_n make_v betwixt_o those_o for_o habitation_n and_o those_o i_o speak_v of_o that_o be_v only_o for_o a_o safeguard_n against_o sudden_a inroad_n and_o incursion_n for_o in_o domesdey_n book_n in_o the_o survey_n of_o erdisley_n in_o herefordshire_n it_o be_v there_o record_v that_o ibi_fw-la est_fw-la domus_fw-la defensabilis_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v there_o be_v a_o dwell_a house_n fortify_v which_o be_v now_o call_v the_o castle_n of_o erdisley_n and_o be_v build_v because_o of_o its_o vicinity_n to_o the_o welsh_a border_n and_o be_v intend_v by_o that_o denomination_n to_o signify_v more_o than_o one_o of_o those_o small_a casty_n or_o fortalice_n i_o late_o speak_v of_o these_o be_v the_o strength_n and_o fortification_n of_o those_o time_n most_o frequent_o in_o use_n i_o come_v last_o to_o speak_v of_o their_o building_n in_o which_o there_o be_v something_o of_o a_o advantageous_a or_o at_o least_o a_o honourable_a change_n by_o the_o difference_n that_o be_v in_o the_o mode_n of_o they_o i_o must_v confess_v the_o norman_a manner_n be_v very_o noble_a and_o magnificent_a which_o by_o their_o church_n may_v be_v observe_v for_o the_o saxon_n make_v they_o with_o descent_n into_o they_o the_o norman_n with_o ascent_n the_o first_o make_v their_o light_n small_a and_o mean_a the_o second_o make_v they_o high_a and_o large_a these_o make_v their_o arch_n stately_a with_o height_n proportionable_a the_o other_o have_v their_o arch_n and_o cover_n low_a and_o make_v their_o wall_n of_o so_o great_a a_o thickness_n that_o they_o be_v a_o great_a damage_n and_o impediment_n to_o the_o pleasure_n of_o their_o light_n when_o the_o norman_n make_v use_v of_o no_o great_a thickness_n or_o breadth_n in_o their_o wall_n than_o will_v but_o well_o serve_v to_o bear_v their_o height_n and_o cover_v in_o the_o ancient_a form_n of_o the_o saxon_n before_o mention_v i_o have_v observe_v several_a church_n and_o piece_n of_o other_o architecture_n their_o entrance_n especial_o in_o their_o west-end_n by_o descent_n inward_o with_o arch_n form_v to_o correspond_v with_o those_o gradual_a declension_n and_o step_n all_o which_o shorten_v towards_o the_o great_a door_n at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o stair_n over_o which_o for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v a_o finish_n of_o a_o semicircular_a piece_n of_o gothick_n work_n and_o together_o make_v a_o kind_n of_o a_o artificial_a perspective_n i_o have_v hitherto_o endeavour_v in_o this_o tract_n to_o make_v it_o appear_v that_o for_o the_o space_n of_o 1700._o year_n past_a we_o receive_v no_o considerable_a mutation_n or_o alteration_n in_o our_o law_n and_o custom_n that_o this_o our_o tenure_n the_o subject_n of_o our_o present_a discourse_n have_v have_v the_o fortune_n to_o continue_v here_o from_o our_o british_n aborigines_fw-la the_o first_o planter_n of_o our_o isle_n through_o those_o several_a change_n and_o revolution_n of_o affair_n and_o government_n that_o have_v happen_v to_o it_o since_o that_o time_n and_o although_o in_o this_o discourse_n precede_v i_o may_v be_v think_v to_o have_v walk_v a_o little_a beside_o the_o path_n yet_o i_o be_o persuade_v i_o have_v not_o miss_v the_o way_n but_o keep_v and_o preserve_v the_o goal_n in_o my_o eye_n those_o alteration_n that_o be_v now_o find_v as_o to_o the_o general_a usage_n of_o this_o tenure_n which_o be_v the_o supereminent_a custom_n of_o this_o nation_n proceed_v not_o at_o all_o from_o any_o enforcement_n or_o coercion_n by_o reason_n of_o any_o of_o these_o forementioned_a intrusion_n or_o conquest_n but_o clear_o by_o the_o consent_n and_o desire_v of_o the_o proprietor_n and_o person_n therein_o concern_v for_o in_o the_o county_n of_o kent_n where_o mr._n s._n say_v this_o tenure_n do_v general_o overspread_v there_o i_o say_v in_o the_o time_n of_o hen._n 8._o several_a lordship_n be_v discharge_v of_o this_o tenure_n by_o act_n of_o parliament_n i_o have_v not_o all_o this_o while_n plead_v for_o the_o settlement_n or_o goodness_n of_o the_o tenure_n to_o be_v use_v in_o this_o age_n where_o land_n be_v well_o people_v and_o full_o inhabit_a for_o it_o will_v be_v the_o destruction_n both_o of_o land_n and_o lineage_n but_o my_o business_n have_v be_v to_o inquire_v into_o the_o state_n of_o the_o question_n the_o true_a original_a etymology_n and_o use_v thereof_o the_o people_n of_o england_n by_o degree_n have_v inextricate_v themselves_o from_o much_o servitude_n in_o their_o custom_n and_o be_v now_o instate_v into_o a_o great_a privilege_n of_o liberty_n and_o more_o particular_o from_o those_o heavy_a pressure_n of_o villeinage_n the_o slavery_n of_o which_o custom_n have_v receive_v its_o death_n wound_n in_o favorem_fw-la libertatis_fw-la for_o sir_n edward_n coke_n out_o of_o fortescue_n have_v this_o note_n impius_fw-la &_o crudelis_fw-la judicandus_fw-la qui_fw-la libertati_fw-la non_fw-la tavet_fw-la and_o give_v this_o as_o the_o reason_n of_o it_o angliae_fw-la jura_fw-la in_o omni_fw-la casu_fw-la daunt_v favorem_fw-la libertati_fw-la the_o sense_n of_o liberty_n be_v of_o so_o great_a force_n and_o power_n and_o the_o favour_n due_a unto_o it_o according_a to_o law_n and_o right_n of_o so_o great_a respect_n that_o those_o and_o the_o like_a pressure_n have_v receive_v change_n and_o alteration_n and_o by_o the_o same_o power_n and_o equity_n join_v with_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o proprietor_n it_o be_v so_o come_v to_o pass_v also_o that_o this_o our_o gavelkind_n in_o most_o place_n of_o england_n be_v turn_v into_o the_o preference_n of_o primogeniture_n for_o the_o preservation_n of_o house_n and_o land_n the_o next_o chapter_n shall_v inquire_v though_o it_o seem_v to_o return_v far_o back_o whether_o we_o have_v any_o ground_n to_o believe_v that_o the_o chap._n v._n trojan_z britain_n use_v the_o tenure_n of_o partition_n i_o can_v not_o pass_v by_o without_o take_v notice_n of_o a_o marginal_a question_n that_o mr._n s._n make_v in_o pag._n 54._o and_o it_o be_v this_o by_o the_o way_n say_v he_o how_o do_v our_o britain_n claim_n descent_n from_o the_o trojan_n sith_o with_o they_o the_o elder_a son_n by_o prerogative_n of_o primogeniture_n monopolise_v the_o whole_a inheritance_n i_o know_v not_o what_o author_n mr._n s._n have_v meet_v with_o that_o he_o affirm_v so_o positive_o with_o our_o britain_n the_o elder_a son_n do_v monopolise_v all_o if_o he_o sith_o with_o they_o relate_v to_o the_o trojan_n i_o have_v nothing_o then_o leave_v to_o answer_v to_o it_o nor_o do_v i_o think_v it_o worth_a the_o while_n to_o concern_v myself_o therein_o believe_v that_o neither_o dare_v phrygius_n nor_o dictys_n cretensis_n nor_o homer_n nor_o any_o other_o pretend_v trojan_a writer_n do_v intermeddle_v in_o the_o relation_n of_o descent_n but_o i_o be_o persuade_v it_o must_v have_v reference_n to_o the_o britain_n and_o that_o to_o they_o it_o be_v that_o he_o say_v sith_o with_o they_o the_o elder_a son_n monopolize_v etc._n etc._n and_o notwithstanding_o i_o have_v some_o inducement_n to_o believe_v that_o mr._n s._n ask_v the_o question_n how_o our_o britain_n claim_n descent_n from_o the_o trojan_n in_o merriment_n and_o jest_n yet_o in_o their_o defence_n to_o that_o very_a question_n there_o may_v so_o much_o be_v say_v which_o will_v carry_v a_o great_a probability_n than_o any_o
one_o that_o reject_v it_o be_v able_a to_o produce_v of_o another_o original_n i_o tell_v you_o before_o what_o king_n edward_n the_o confessor_n write_v concern_v the_o city_n of_o london_n that_o fundata_fw-la erat_fw-la olim_fw-la &_o aedificata_fw-la ad_fw-la instar_fw-la &_o ad_fw-la modum_fw-la &_o in_o memoriam_fw-la veteris_fw-la magnae_fw-la trojae_fw-la he_o call_v it_o veteris_fw-la magnae_fw-la trojae_fw-la as_o if_o there_o be_v a_o young_a troy_n for_o perhaps_o that_o age_n have_v the_o conceit_n also_o of_o its_o be_v call_v troynovant_n found_v and_o build_v in_o the_o memory_n of_o the_o other_o old_a troy_n which_o in_o case_n it_o shall_v prove_v to_o be_v so_o call_v what_o reason_n have_v the_o first_o founder_n to_o make_v it_o ad_fw-la modum_fw-la and_o in_fw-la memoriam_fw-la thereof_o unless_o they_o have_v be_v relate_v thereunto_o i_o be_o not_o ignorant_a that_o the_o city_n of_o london_n have_v its_o site_n in_o the_o country_n of_o the_o trinobantes_n the_o sound_n of_o which_o name_n may_v very_o probable_o administer_v much_o to_o the_o conceit_n but_o my_o design_n now_o be_v to_o weaken_v the_o vulgar_a opinion_n begin_v by_o the_o secret_a distaste_v of_o polydore_n virgil_n and_o follow_v by_o very_a many_o impute_v it_o to_o be_v the_o fiction_n of_o galfridus_n monumethensis_fw-la who_o be_v the_o translator_n only_o of_o a_o history_n out_o of_o such_o a_o language_n as_o polydore_v do_v not_o understand_v notwithstanding_o his_o be_v a_o canon_n of_o hereford_n and_o so_o consequent_o live_v very_o near_o to_o wales_n who_o set_v out_o his_o english_a history_n in_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o eight_o in_o which_o as_o much_o as_o in_o he_o lay_v he_o labour_v to_o disparage_v the_o british_a antiquity_n and_o not_o only_o so_o but_o under_o the_o patronage_n of_o king_n henry_n have_v power_n to_o search_v all_o record_n be_v report_v to_o have_v seize_v the_o most_o ancient_a thereof_o that_o be_v in_o be_v in_o the_o treasury_n of_o landaf_n and_o to_o have_v destroy_v they_o something_o of_o which_o nature_n i_o have_v also_o see_v for_o in_o a_o register_n book_n compile_v by_o hereford_n by_o bishop_n of_o hereford_n st._n thomas_n de_fw-fr cantilupe_n i_o find_v three_o leaf_n cut_v out_o which_o by_o a_o constant_a and_o confident_a tradition_n of_o the_o register_n of_o the_o diocese_n of_o hereford_n in_o who_o custody_n that_o book_n be_v it_o be_v aver_v that_o this_o be_v do_v by_o polydore_n but_o as_o soon_o as_o his_o history_n be_v make_v public_a he_o be_v encounter_v by_o sir_n john_n price_n in_o his_o book_n entitle_v defensio_fw-la historiae_fw-la brytannicae_n contra_fw-la polydorem_fw-la virgilium_fw-la unto_o his_o labour_n i_o shall_v refer_v the_o desirous_a reader_n but_o among_o other_o thing_n well_o worth_a the_o view_n he_o show_v the_o probability_n of_o the_o first_o british_n planter_n here_o their_o extraction_n and_o derivation_n from_o the_o grecian_n back_v with_o many_o considerable_a argument_n and_o unvulgar_a observation_n upon_o antiquity_n take_v from_o their_o language_n letter_n name_n etc._n etc._n but_o here_o we_o may_v observe_v that_o the_o conjecture_n of_o trojanism_n be_v far_o more_o ancient_a than_o the_o virgilian_a opinion_n will_v make_v it_o to_o be_v not_o only_o by_o what_o i_o have_v gather_v out_o of_o that_o discourse_n new_o cite_v of_o king_n edward_n the_o confessor_n concern_v the_o exemplar_n of_o the_o foundation_n of_o the_o city_n of_o london_n but_o also_o long_o before_o this_o from_o a_o expression_n of_o textor_n of_o m.s._n peâ—es_o authorem_fw-la &_o citat_fw-la à _fw-fr joanne_n prisaeo_n in_o defension_n sva_fw-la histor._n brit._n etc._n etc._n of_o who_o balaeus_n among_o his_o ancient_a writer_n say_v teliesin_n claruit_fw-la anno_fw-la salutis_fw-la humanae_fw-la 540._o arthurâ—_n adhuc_fw-la in_fw-la brytannia_n regnante_fw-la mr._n wheelock_n out_o of_o a_o ancient_a m.s._n in_o trinity_n coll._n camb._n in_o his_o comment_n upon_o â—ede_n cite_v this_o of_o he_o come_v þe_o good_a bruigt_n Æ¿at_o Æ¿a_v þe_v furste_v man_n ðat_v loverd_v Æ¿ar_n in_o engelond_n that_o be_v of_o he_o viz._n dardan_n come_v the_o good_a brute_n that_o be_v the_o first_o man_n that_o be_v honour_v in_o england_n or_o lord_v there_o sir_n edw._n biss_fw-ge my_o honour_a friend_n in_o his_o note_n upon_o vpton_n write_v p._n 41._o joannes_n hantvillensis_n sive_fw-la hantwillensis_n nostras_fw-la claruit_fw-la anno_fw-la 1200._o regnante_fw-la joanne_n libros_fw-la de_fw-la bruto_fw-la xvi_o quemadmodum_fw-la in_fw-la gesnerianae_n bibliothecae_fw-la simleriana_n legitur_fw-la epitome_n sed_fw-la pitseus_fw-la ait_fw-la poëmâ—t_fw-la id_fw-la libris_fw-la ix_o constare_fw-la ludebat_fw-la archithrenium_fw-la autem_fw-la appellavit_fw-la etc._n etc._n atqui_fw-la hinc_fw-la ipse_fw-la etiam_fw-la archithreniâ—â—_n nominatus_fw-la eum_n laudat_fw-la petrarcha_fw-la giraldus_n vives_z vossius_fw-la textor_n balaeus_n &_o textor_n ambrose_n telesinus_n a_o monk_n of_o bangor_n who_o live_v in_o the_o first_o age_n of_o the_o saxon_n enterprise_n upon_o brytain_n and_o by_o the_o welsh_a be_v honour_v with_o the_o title_n of_o penbeird_n i._n e._n princeps_fw-la bardorum_fw-la he_o in_o one_o of_o his_o cant_n large_o discourse_v of_o the_o saxon_n their_o violence_n and_o rapine_n by_o a_o apostrophe_n revert_v from_o they_o to_o give_v comfort_n to_o his_o countryman_n the_o britain_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o such_o disaster_n express_v himself_o thus_o now_o will_v i_o return_v y_o weddilion_n trojon_n to_o the_o relic_n of_o troy_n plain_o by_o the_o ensue_a discourse_n intend_v the_o britain_n who_o he_o suppose_v to_o be_v the_o offspring_n of_o the_o preserve_v remainder_n after_o the_o siege_n of_o troy_n and_o those_o that_o have_v endeavour_v the_o reducement_n of_o british_a word_n and_o denomination_n to_o a_o original_a from_o the_o greek_a have_v do_v it_o with_o good_a success_n and_o without_o any_o such_o force_n as_o many_o etymologist_n of_o other_o language_n have_v labour_v under_o and_o perhaps_o the_o ancient_a name_n of_o this_o our_o island_n will_v with_o more_o probability_n be_v find_v from_o that_o language_n than_o from_o any_o other_o for_o sure_o the_o latter_a part_n of_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v a_o greek_a termination_n as_o in_o several_a appellation_n believe_v to_o be_v by_o they_o impose_v upon_o place_n be_v to_o be_v perceive_v like_v as_o in_o lusitania_n mauritania_n tingitania_n etc._n etc._n which_o be_v take_v to_o signify_v regio_n a_o region_n but_o to_o mr._n s_n question_n strengthen_v with_o this_o position_n viz._n that_o with_o they_o the_o elder_a son_n by_o prerogative_n of_o primogeniture_n monopolise_v the_o whole_a inheritance_n i_o answer_v that_o if_o our_o britain_n do_v claim_v descent_n from_o the_o trojan_n those_o that_o have_v but_o look_v into_o the_o trojan_a british_a history_n may_v with_o small_a labour_n have_v find_v that_o brute_n the_o trojan_a have_v three_o son_n camber_n loeger_n and_o albanact_n and_o have_v the_o whole_a island_n at_o his_o dispose_n divide_v it_o among_o they_o from_o who_o name_n it_o be_v affirm_v by_o those_o that_o write_v this_o story_n that_o the_o triplicite_a division_n of_o cambria_n loegria_n and_o albania_n first_o take_v their_o original_a and_o it_o be_v observable_a that_o the_o britain_n the_o ancient_a proprietor_n and_o inhabiter_n of_o this_o land_n know_v not_o themselves_o under_o the_o denomination_n of_o welsh_a littleton_n welsh_a north-gale_n wales_n wallia_fw-la come_v of_o the_o saxon_a word_n wealk_v which_o signify_v peregrinus_n or_o exterus_fw-la for_o the_o saxoas_n so_o call_v they_o because_o in_o troth_n they_o be_v stranger_n to_o they_o be_v the_o remain_n of_o the_o old_a and_o ancient_a britain_n a_o wise_a and_o warlike_a nation_n inhabit_v in_o the_o west-part_n of_o england_n these_o man_n have_v keep_v their_o proper_a language_n for_o above_o these_o thousand_o year_n past_a and_o they_o to_o this_o day_n call_v we_o englishman_n saison_n that_o be_v saxon_n coke_n upon_o littleton_n that_o word_n be_v as_o much_o a_o stranger_n to_o they_o as_o in_o its_o own_o natural_a signification_n it_o be_v unto_o itself_o for_o by_o it_o do_v the_o dutch_a call_v the_o border_v french_a and_o italian_n unto_o this_o day_n and_o be_v that_o appellation_n which_o the_o saxon_n impose_v on_o the_o britain_n who_o like_o unmannerly_a guest_n call_v their_o landlord_n or_o host_n the_o true_a proprietor_n even_o as_o i_o may_v say_v in_o their_o own_o house_n the_o stranger_n but_o the_o britain_n do_v ancient_o and_o still_o do_v call_v themselves_o cwmri_n their_o language_n cwmraeg_n and_o this_o fancy_a to_o be_v from_o camber_n the_o same_o britain_n call_n england_n in_o their_o own_o language_n lloiger_n upon_o the_o same_o fancy_n as_o before_o suppose_v to_o be_v denominate_v from_o loeger_n another_o of_o the_o son_n of_o brute_n yet_o notwithstanding_o they_o call_v such_o inhabitant_n as_o live_v in_o this_o part_n and_o division_n by_o they_o
of_o wherein_o he_o affirm_v that_o the_o tâ—tm_a gavelkind_n be_v not_o to_o be_v find_v though_o the_o castom_n of_o partition_n be_v there_o in_o mention_v which_o without_o any_o great_a trouble_n all_o thing_n consider_v may_v argue_v it_o to_o be_v a_o british_a custom_n yet_o confess_v that_o the_o parliament_n in_o the_o statute_n of_o 34_o hen._n 8._o can_n 26._o do_v make_v use_n of_o the_o word_n gavelkind_n but_o how_o say_v he_o question_v and_o then_o resolve_v it_o only_o as_o bâ—rrowed_v to_o help_v to_o describe_v and_o illustrate_v that_o partible_a quality_n of_o the_o land_n in_o wales_n therein_o mention_v and_o that_o it_o be_v transmit_v by_o our_o lawyer_n who_o borrow_v the_o term_n to_o make_v use_n of_o it_o foâ—_n illustration_n sake_n but_o with_o pardon_n i_o shall_v â—ence_o â—â—ferr_v that_o it_o pass_v there_o as_o a_o most_o natural_a and_o genuine_a expression_n and_o be_v proper_o a_o peculiar_a of_o their_o own_o upon_o the_o ground_n before_o set_v down_o as_o for_o the_o ancient_a custom_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o ireland_n rhannu_fw-fr i_o be_o inform_v by_o the_o irish_a that_o their_o rhein-ta-loon_n which_o be_v their_o part_n of_o land_n be_v general_o among_o the_o commonalty_n and_o be_v like_o that_o oâ—_n the_o country_n of_o flanders_n where_o daughter_n share_v as_o well_o as_o the_o son_n and_o spread_v all_o over_o that_o country_n also_o the_o like_a to_o which_o i_o shall_v show_v you_o in_o wareham_n in_o dorsetshire_n in_o the_o next_o chapter_n râ—ein_n in_o the_o irish_a be_v to_o part_n and_o i_o believe_v come_v from_o the_o british_a rhannu_fw-fr i_o have_v little_a to_o say_v except_o it_o be_v that_o when_o king_n john_n overthrow_v the_o brehon_n law_n anno_fw-la regni_fw-la svi_fw-la 12._o and_o then_o settle_v the_o english_a law_n that_o this_o tenure_n of_o partition_n may_v probable_o receive_v a_o great_a abatement_n of_o its_o common_a usage_n and_o force_n among_o they_o who_o it_o seem_v have_v the_o footstep_n and_o remainder_n thereof_o very_o visible_a unto_o these_o our_o day_n but_o in_o this_o i_o shall_v desire_v to_o be_v excuse_v as_o not_o have_v inform_v myself_o sufficient_o so_o as_o to_o make_v a_o satisfactory_a discourse_n thereof_o confess_v myself_o much_o ignorant_a in_o that_o history_n and_o shall_v proceed_v in_o the_o discourse_n chap._n vii_o of_o soveral_a custom_n of_o descent_n of_o land_n of_o the_o welsh_a law_n of_o partition_n of_o knights-sâ—rvice_a and_o wardship_n among_o they_o still_o it_o be_v that_o mr._n s._n go_v about_o to_o confine_v the_o knowledge_n of_o gavelkind_a to_o the_o circuit_n of_o kent_n and_o will_v not_o allow_v it_o gavelkind_a in_o any_o other_o country_n but_o that_o for_o in_o pag._n 49._o he_o say_v thus_o what_o else_o where_o i_o mean_v in_o other_o shire_n and_o county_n they_o proper_o call_v by_o the_o name_n of_o socage_n whether_o free_a or_o base_a we_o here_o in_o kent_n be_v wont_a to_o call_v by_o the_o name_n of_o gavelkind_n or_o if_o you_o please_v in_o mr._n lambards_n expression_n all_o socage-service_n here_o proper_o so_o call_v be_v clothe_v with_o the_o apparel_n of_o gavelkind_n and_o under_o it_o in_o a_o large_a acception_n be_v understand_v all_o such_o land_n within_o the_o county_n as_o be_v not_o knights-fee_n or_o knights-service-land_n the_o term_n serve_v here_o to_o contra-distinguish_a it_o from_o knights-service-land_n but_o let_v a_o man_n go_v into_o urchinfield_n in_o the_o county_n of_o hereford_n and_o inquire_v of_o a_o inhabitant_n thereof_o in_o what_o manner_n land_n there_o be_v hold_v he_o will_v ready_o and_o speedy_o resolve_v he_o that_o they_o be_v subject_a to_o gavelkind_n and_o as_o full_o inform_v you_o of_o the_o nature_n of_o that_o their_o tenure_n viz._n that_o by_o it_o their_o land_n be_v all_o partible_a among_o the_o male_n and_o in_o defect_n of_o they_o among_o the_o female_n as_o other_o land_n of_o inheritance_n be_v throughout_o england_n i_o have_v meet_v with_o another_o kind_n and_o fort_n of_o partition_n which_o i_o dare_v venture_v to_o call_v gavelkind_a and_o be_v very_o unusual_a because_o by_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o place_n both_o male_n and_o female_n have_v a_o right_n equal_o in_o the_o partition_n i_o think_v it_o may_v not_o prove_v displease_v to_o insert_v the_o record_n as_o it_o be_v show_v to_o i_o by_o my_o industrious_a friend_n mr._n falconbridge_n to_o who_o for_o this_o and_o many_o other_o favour_n i_o must_v acknowledge_v myself_o with_o much-gratefulness_n indebt_v and_o thus_o it_o be_v in_o the_o office_n of_o the_o chamberlain_n of_o the_o exchequer_n of_o receipt_n be_v the_o like_a as_o i_o find_v it_o in_o flanders_n and_o the_o same_o with_o that_o in_o ireland_n dorset_n placita_fw-la de_fw-la jurat_fw-la be_v &_o assiss_n anno_fw-la 16._o edw._n 1._o metingh_n edwardus_fw-la kaynel_n maria_fw-la filia_fw-la roberti_n de_fw-la camma_fw-la report_n the_o irish_a have_v the_o same_o manner_n of_o partition_n davies-irish_a report_n jobanne_n bereset_v &_o matill_o uxor_fw-la ejus_fw-la &_o johanna_n soror_fw-la ejusdem_fw-la matill_o petunt_fw-la versus_fw-la johannem_fw-la alfrith_n de_fw-fr warham_n unum_fw-la toftum_fw-la cum_fw-la pertinentiis_fw-la in_o warham_n de_fw-fr quo_fw-la johannes_n gerard._n consanguineus_fw-la predictorum_fw-la edwardi_fw-la mariae_fw-la matill_o &_o johannae_n cujus_fw-la haeredes_fw-la ipsi_fw-la sunt_fw-la fuit_fw-la seisitus_fw-la in_o dominico_n svo_fw-la ut_fw-la de_fw-la feodo_fw-la die_fw-la quo_fw-la obiit_fw-la etc._n etc._n unde_fw-la dicunt_fw-la etc._n etc._n et_fw-la johannes_n venit_fw-la &_o dicit_fw-la quod_fw-la tenementa_fw-la in_o warham_n sunt_fw-la partibilia_fw-la inter_fw-la mascuâ—os_fw-la &_o femellas_fw-la &_o dicit_fw-la quod_fw-la predictus_fw-la edwardus_fw-la habet_fw-la quasdam_fw-la gunnoram_fw-la matill_o christianam_fw-la albredam_fw-la &_o eufemiam_fw-la sorores_fw-la &_o participes_fw-la ipsius_fw-la edwardi_fw-la &_o aliorum_fw-la petentium_fw-la &_o que_fw-la tantum_fw-la jus_o habent_fw-la in_o re_fw-la petita_fw-la sicut_fw-la etc._n etc._n &_o que_fw-la non_fw-la nominantur_fw-la in_o bâ—evi_fw-la unde_fw-la petit_fw-la judicium_fw-la de_fw-fr brevi_fw-la etc._n etc._n &_o edwardus_fw-la &_o alii_fw-la non_fw-la possunt_fw-la hoc_fw-la dedicere_fw-la ideo_fw-la consideratum_fw-la est_fw-la quod_fw-la praedictus_fw-la johannes_n eat_v inde_fw-la sine_fw-la die_fw-la etc._n etc._n this_o though_o it_o may_v seem_v strange_a yet_o may_v proper_o enough_o be_v call_v a_o gavelkind_n for_o let_v the_o custom_n of_o any_o place_n be_v according_a to_o the_o usual_a or_o unusual_a way_n of_o partition_n it_o be_v but_o the_o tenure_n of_o that_o place_n and_o will_v come_v well_o enough_o under_o that_o denomination_n and_o that_o which_o mr._n s._n bring_v in_o his_o 49_o page_n as_o a_o solution_n to_o a_o objection_n viz._n that_o it_o be_v no_o other_o than_o a_o custom_n general_o spread_v itself_o throughout_o the_o whole_a country_n in_o land_n of_o that_o nature_n shall_v have_v be_v thus_o lay_v down_o without_o confine_v it_o to_o the_o county_n of_o kent_n viz._n throughout_o any_o country_n or_o all_o country_n in_o land_n of_o that_o nature_n for_o so_o indeed_o it_o be_v in_o the_o village_n round_o the_o city_n of_o hereford_n 211._o item_n lou_n per_fw-la custonie_n appel_n burgh-english_a en_fw-fr ascun_fw-fr burgh_n le_fw-fr fit_v puisn_a inherita_fw-la tout_fw-fr les_fw-fr tenement_n etc._n etc._n littleton_n lib._n 2._o sect._n 211._o i_o find_v their_o land_n be_v all_o hold_v in_o the_o tenure_n of_o borough-english_a where_o without_o difficulty_n i_o conclude_v that_o it_o be_v a_o custom_n spread_v itself_o throughout_o those_o parish_n and_o village_n in_o land_n of_o that_o nature_n neither_o can_v it_o be_v otherwise_o but_o that_o the_o young_a son_n ought_v to_o be_v and_o must_v by_o law_n be_v find_v heir_n so_o long_o as_o that_o land_n remain_v under_o the_o same_o service_n and_o copy-holdings_a of_o their_o respective_a manor_n and_o the_o suitor_n here_o do_v as_o much_o stand_v upon_o their_o custom_n as_o in_o urchenfield_n they_o insist_v upon_o their_o custom_n of_o partition_n among_o the_o male_n or_o as_o wareham_n in_o dorsetshire_n among_o both_o male_n and_o female_n another_o sort_n of_o usage_n in_o the_o tenure_n of_o burgh-english_a be_v mention_v by_o sir_n edward_n coke_n upon_o 211._o upon_o lib._n 2._o cap._n 11._o sect._n 211._o littleton_n in_o these_o word_n within_o the_o manor_n of_o b._n in_o the_o county_n of_o berk_n there_o be_v such_o a_o custom_n that_o if_o a_o man_n have_v divers_a daughter_n and_o no_o son_n and_o die_v the_o elder_a daughter_n shall_v only_o inherit_v and_o if_o he_o have_v no_o daughter_n but_o sister_n the_o elder_a sister_n by_o the_o custom_n shall_v inherit_v and_o sometime_o the_o young_a and_o divers_a other_o custom_n there_o be_v in_o like_a case_n and_o bring_v in_o britton_n to_o strengthen_v he_o and_o to_o confirm_v what_o i_o have_v say_v say_v de_fw-fr terres_fw-la des_fw-fr ancienes_fw-fr
even_o as_o well_o if_o it_o be_v former_o gavelkind-land_n by_o their_o grant_n receive_v a_o extinction_n of_o its_o tenure_n for_o that_o in_o such_o case_n where_o it_o be_v i_o say_v so_o vest_v it_o be_v whole_o depend_v upon_o the_o force_n of_o the_o contract_n betwixt_o the_o person_n concern_v and_o again_o this_o same_o specifical_a land_n may_v so_o fall_v out_o as_o to_o be_v make_v the_o very_a site_n of_o the_o house_n and_o the_o garden_n of_o this_o religious_a society_n or_o body_n and_o how_o in_o such_o a_o case_n it_o will_v be_v capable_a of_o partition_n except_o as_o i_o before_o have_v speak_v in_o the_o member_n their_o participation_n of_o a_o equal_a benefit_n i_o know_v not_o the_o progress_n exhibit_v chap._n xi_o some_o offer_n at_o the_o termination_n kind_a affix_v in_o composition_n to_o the_o word_n gavel_n mr._n s._n in_o his_o 37_o page_n say_v that_o gavelkynd_n be_v a_o word_n compound_v of_o gavel_n and_o kind_a the_o latter_a syllable_n whereof_o come_v and_o be_v contract_v of_o the_o saxon_a word_n gecind_n which_o by_o several_a good_a author_n be_v render_v nature_n mr._n s._n in_o his_o 10_o page_n say_v that_o gavel_n be_v the_o main_a part_n of_o the_o word_n which_o if_o so_o than_o i_o hope_v i_o have_v dispatch_v the_o main_a part_n of_o my_o work_n and_o can_v willing_o join_v with_o mr._n s._n in_o his_o exposition_n of_o the_o latter_a part_n for_o in_o what_o i_o shall_v declare_v myself_o in_o this_o chapter_n shall_v be_v only_a scepticism_n but_o i_o be_o confident_a of_o my_o opinion_n in_o the_o first_o and_o main_a part_n and_o here_o i_o must_v take_v notice_n of_o and_o give_v to_o mr._n s._n his_o due_a honour_n for_o his_o ingenuous_a ratiocination_n upon_o the_o common_a receive_v interpretation_n of_o mr._n lambard_n and_o all_o those_o that_o follow_v he_o concern_v the_o latter_a part_n of_o it_o which_o he_o will_v have_v to_o signify_v kindred_n and_o that_o the_o whole_a word_n together_o be_v of_o a_o saxon_a original_a and_o be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o be_v give_v to_o all_o the_o kindred_n which_o flat_o oppose_v the_o very_a nature_n of_o the_o tenure_n because_o where_o such_o land_n be_v that_o be_v subject_a to_o this_o partible_a quality_n the_o kindred_n do_v not_o share_v nor_o be_v they_o partible_a at_o all_o among_o they_o but_o in_o the_o common_a case_n of_o the_o failer_z of_o issue_n than_o the_o next_o of_o kindred_n in_o the_o near_a line_n and_o in_o this_o pretend_a interpretation_n the_o word_n kin_n suppose_v to_o be_v kindred_n do_v seem_v to_o nullify_v by_o it_o the_o know_a use_n of_o the_o tenure_n for_o if_o the_o kindred_n be_v to_o part_v those_o land_n then_o must_v it_o so_o fall_v out_o that_o either_o the_o child_n part_v they_o with_o the_o kindred_n or_o the_o kindred_n without_o the_o child_n for_o if_o the_o title_n by_o this_o denomination_n be_v in_o the_o kindred_n it_o must_v be_v one_o of_o the_o two_o and_o upon_o serious_a consideration_n i_o will_v think_v that_o it_o deserve_v a_o censure_n for_o any_o to_o affirm_v that_o child_n be_v of_o kin_n to_o the_o father_n for_o that_o kindred_n or_o kin_n betoken_v a_o more_o distantial_a relation_n than_o a_o son_n be_v to_o the_o father_n which_o shall_v it_o take_v place_n in_o that_o notion_n will_v carry_v with_o it_o the_o confusion_n of_o alliance_n in_o latin_a kindred_n be_v call_v cognatio_fw-la quia_fw-la cognati_fw-la quasi_fw-la una_fw-la communiter_fw-la nati_fw-la vel_fw-la orti_fw-la ab_fw-la eodem_fw-la progenitore_fw-la these_o cognati_fw-la or_o kindred_n that_o be_v so_o distance_v may_v be_v say_v to_o be_v sanguine_a conjuncti_fw-la and_o consanguinei_fw-la be_v cause_n they_o proceed_v from_o one_o progenitor_n yet_o be_v well_o know_v not_o to_o participate_v of_o the_o same_o privilege_n with_o the_o child_n for_o the_o child_n of_o one_o brother_n do_v not_o divide_v or_o part_v land_n with_o the_o child_n of_o another_o brother_n by_o this_o our_o tenure_n but_o if_o the_o land_n shall_v thus_o pass_v then_o by_o what_o right_a or_o title_n can_v the_o child_n expect_v any_o part_n of_o it_o for_o that_o according_a to_o this_o interpretation_n it_o shall_v pass_v to_o the_o kindred_n and_o so_o as_o i_o say_v before_o be_v eminent_o implant_v in_o they_o it_o do_v plain_o seem_v to_o debarr_n the_o child_n and_o vacate_v the_o common_a use_n of_o partition_n among_o the_o son_n which_o be_v the_o more_o plain_o evict_v by_o this_o in_o that_o daughter_n in_o case_n it_o be_v insist_v upon_o in_o relation_n to_o kindred_n be_v as_o much_o of_o kindred_n to_o the_o father_n as_o the_o son_n be_v and_o yet_o in_o this_o tenure_n of_o partition_n the_o daughter_n have_v common_o no_o share_n when_o there_o be_v son_n exist_v mr._n verstegan_n who_o will_v willing_o observe_v some_o inconvenience_n in_o the_o latitude_n of_o mr._n lambards_n exposition_n restrain_v it_o will_v make_v kind_a to_o signify_v son_n or_o rather_o child_n which_o if_o in_o the_o last_o than_o i_o say_v that_o daughter_n as_o well_o as_o son_n at_o the_o same_o time_n be_v very_o rare_o participant_n in_o the_o partition_n of_o land_n together_o except_o in_o those_o case_n i_o former_o show_v doctor_n powel_n in_o his_o additament_n to_o the_o cambrian_a history_n which_o i_o cite_v full_o before_o say_v here_o i_o think_v fit_a to_o say_v somewhat_o of_o the_o custom_n and_o tenure_n of_o wales_n etc._n etc._n that_o be_v the_o division_n of_o the_o father_n inheritance_n among_o all_o the_o son_n common_o call_v gavelkynd_n the_o doctor_n write_v gavel_n in_o great_a and_o large_a character_n and_o kind_a in_o small_a as_o be_v dubious_a of_o the_o connaturality_n of_o they_o gavel_n he_o affirm_v to_o be_v british_a but_o not_o know_v what_o to_o make_v of_o kind_a pass_v it_o over_o in_o silence_n i_o shall_v be_v far_o from_o peremptoriness_n in_o my_o own_o sentence_n concern_v it_o one_o while_o i_o think_v it_o may_v have_v be_v derive_v from_o the_o british_a word_n tennedl_n which_o signify_v generatio_fw-la aut_fw-la familia_fw-la as_o in_o that_o common_o use_v word_n pen-cennedl_a which_o be_v receive_v and_o expound_v to_o signify_v princeps_fw-la generationis_fw-la aut_fw-la familias_fw-la the_o chief_a of_o a_o kindred_n or_o blood_n who_o among_o the_o welsh_a be_v reverence_v and_o observe_v as_o i_o tell_v you_o the_o lord_n or_o chief_n of_o clan_n be_v in_o the_o highland_n of_o scotland_n and_o so_o gavel-kennedl_a may_v signify_v tenura_n familias_fw-la aut_fw-la generationis_fw-la which_o that_o i_o may_v bring_v it_o a_o little_a near_o to_o the_o ring_n of_o the_o pronunciation_n be_v by_o some_o report_v to_o have_v be_v sound_v tennedh_n which_o with_o great_a case_n in_o the_o composition_n may_v retreat_v into_o gavelkynd_n and_o be_v of_o the_o same_o use_n in_o that_o signification_n somewhat_o of_o that_o manner_n be_v ancient_o observe_v among_o the_o britain_n though_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v lose_v for_o morgan_n be_v a_o name_n of_o great_a use_n among_o they_o heretofore_o as_o it_o be_v at_o this_o day_n which_o signify_v get_v of_o the_o sea_n sea_n mergan_n signify_v get_v of_o the_o sea_n as_o some_o critic_n in_o that_o language_n do_v report_n and_o be_v think_v to_o be_v the_o proper_a name_n of_o that_o arch_a heretic_n who_o in_o imitation_n of_o this_o his_o name_n be_v by_o the_o greek_n call_v pelagius_n which_o termination_n begin_v in_o the_o welsh_a name_n i_o mean_v be_v the_o fruit_n of_o genned_a from_o whence_o with_o a_o soft_a mutation_n may_v come_v the_o latter_a part_n of_o our_o word_n inquire_v after_o viz._n kind_a the_o other_o imagination_n be_v this_o that_o the_o saxon_n upon_o their_o first_o co-habitation_n with_o the_o britain_n do_v borrow_v many_o of_o their_o word_n by_o which_o they_o express_v the_o denomination_n of_o place_n and_o thing_n i_o have_v already_o show_v several_a of_o they_o in_o this_o tract_n and_o can_v produce_v so_o many_o as_o that_o by_o themselves_o they_o will_v fill_v a_o volume_n and_o not_o only_o be_v there_o to_o be_v find_v this_o intermixtion_n with_o the_o saxon_a tongue_n but_o also_o much_o of_o the_o relic_n thereof_o in_o the_o very_a french_a be_v the_o remainder_n of_o the_o ancient_a gallic_a which_o at_o this_o day_n be_v the_o most_o entire_o keep_v by_o the_o britain_n of_o north-wales_n for_o all_o thing_n that_o relate_v to_o nobility_n to_o propriety_n to_o term_n of_o law_n to_o custom_n to_o office_n etc._n etc._n be_v in_o british_a carry_v through_o many_o age_n from_o the_o britain_n by_o the_o saxon_n down_o to_o we_o the_o saxon_n call_v some_o rent_n mailes_n the_o same_o word_n the_o scot_n use_n to_o this_o day_n 34._o pag._n 34._o and_o be_v as_o mr._n s._n
insulae_fw-la britannicae_n quae_fw-la sunt_fw-la xii_o &_o post_fw-la haec_fw-la ab_fw-la inhabitationibus_fw-la elongatur_fw-la &_o quo_fw-la procedat_fw-la ignoratur_fw-la for_o the_o difference_n betwixt_o the_o two_o language_n be_v not_o so_o great_a but_o that_o we_o may_v upon_o good_a reason_n believe_v they_o be_v one_o and_o the_o same_o ancient_o nor_o so_o great_a a_o dissonancy_n at_o this_o day_n between_o they_o but_o that_o the_o footstep_n of_o a_o former_a union_n may_v easy_o be_v observe_v and_o 19_o and_o mr._n selden_n observe_v a_o little_a of_o the_o use_n in_o the_o defusedness_n of_o the_o ancient_a language_n say_v corwallensea_n in_fw-it anglia_fw-it linguâ_fw-la semper_fw-la usi_fw-la sunt_fw-la cambro-britannicâ_a saltem_fw-la velut_fw-la dialecto_fw-la variatâ_fw-la uti_fw-la etiam_fw-la aremorici_n in_fw-la galliis_fw-la manniae_fw-la item_n insulae_fw-la incolae_fw-la hibernicâ_fw-la unde_fw-la tamen_fw-la nemo_fw-la est_fw-la hominum_fw-la qui_fw-la velit_fw-la sequi_fw-la aut_fw-la hanc_fw-la angliae_fw-la regibus_fw-la quâ_fw-la hiberniae_fw-la sive_fw-la domini_fw-la sive_fw-la reges_fw-la fuerint_fw-la parere_fw-la aut_fw-la illos_fw-la ex_fw-la cambro-britannici_a principatû_fw-fr jure_fw-la aliqâ—_n principibus_fw-la suis_fw-la subjacere_fw-la marc_n claus_n lib._n 2._o cap._n 19_o the_o progress_n of_o language_n be_v a_o thing_n very_o well_o worth_a the_o observat_fw-la on_o for_o by_o sundry_a discourse_n with_o several_a intelligent_a person_n concern_v in_o the_o language_n and_o somewhat_o upon_o my_o own_o observation_n i_o can_v make_v it_o out_o that_o if_o one_o of_o base_a britanny_n meet_v a_o cornish-man_n that_o speak_v the_o cornish_a they_o with_o small_a difficulty_n will_v each_o understand_v the_o other_o the_o very_a denomination_n of_o that_o country_n be_v british_a for_o armorica_n be_v derive_v from_o at_o mor_n which_o have_v no_o signification_n but_o from_o the_o welsh_a and_o be_v upon_o or_o near_o the_o sea_n with_o which_o the_o situation_n also_o agree_v let_v a_o cornish-man_n pass_v into_o wales_n he_o will_v understand_v the_o welsh_a and_o be_v understand_v of_o they_o a_o welshman_n meet_v with_o a_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o isle_n of_o man_n that_o speak_v the_o manc-language_n both_o of_o they_o will_v understand_v one_o the_o other_o meaning_n a_o inhabitant_n of_o this_o isle_n a_o menavian_n meet_v in_o ireland_n among_o the_o irish_a a_o agreeable_a intelligence_n and_o the_o irish_a with_o great_a facility_n communicate_v with_o the_o high-land_n scot_n in_o their_o several_a dialect_n intelligible_o so_o that_o animadvert_v this_o progression_n as_o i_o have_v link_v they_o much_o may_v be_v infer_v of_o original_n custom_n and_o manner_n among_o all_o of_o they_o have_v find_v the_o footstep_n of_o gavel-kind_n by_o the_o saxon_n deduce_v to_o the_o norman_n and_o not_o alter_v by_o they_o concern_v which_o i_o have_v be_v large_a before_o and_o in_o my_o next_o chapter_n show_v chap._n xv._o that_o in_o the_o term_n gavelkynd_n be_v not_o partition_n of_o free_a socage_n and_o other_o custom_n concern_v gavelkynd_n extra_fw-la cantium_n of_o the_o antiquity_n of_o the_o law_n of_o howel-dha_a that_o in_o the_o term_n viz._n gavelkynd_n there_o be_v not_o any_o partition_n be_v plain_a both_o by_o what_o mr._n s._n apprehend_v of_o it_o think_v it_o to_o be_v derive_v from_o rent_n and_o to_o signify_v genus_fw-la gabli_fw-la vel_fw-la redditus_fw-la nor_o by_o what_o i_o have_v give_v in_o and_o exhit_v for_o my_o sentence_n that_o it_o signify_v tenura_n the_o â—enure_n per_fw-la eminentiam_fw-la of_o the_o family_n or_o genus_fw-la tenurae_fw-la and_o so_o consequent_o may_v serve_v for_o a_o answer_n to_o one_o part_n of_o the_o question_n put_v by_o mr._n s._n in_o his_o 42d._o page_n where_o he_o say_v our_o next_o enquiry_n shall_v be_v whether_o partition_n owe_v itself_o to_o gavelkind_n either_o ex_fw-la vi_fw-la termini_fw-la or_o ratione_fw-la rei_fw-la and_o give_v his_o opinion_n with_o i_o that_o ex_fw-la vi_fw-la termini_fw-la partition_n do_v not_o owe_v itself_o to_o gavelkynd_n and_o in_o some_o considerable_a case_n it_o be_v not_o enforce_v in_o the_o very_a use_n of_o it_o for_o in_o case_n a_o father_n die_v possess_v or_o seize_v of_o such_o partible_a gavel-kynd-land_n and_o leave_v but_o one_o son_n behind_o he_o this_o land_n be_v not_o then_o to_o be_v part_v which_o if_o it_o have_v be_v ex_fw-la vi_fw-la termini_fw-la it_o must_v have_v either_o cease_v its_o use_n and_o force_n or_o else_o there_o must_v have_v be_v find_v out_o some_o other_o near_o relation_n with_o who_o the_o sole_a heir_n have_v be_v constrain_v to_o a_o partition_n the_o like_a whereof_o i_o can_v never_o read_v or_o hear_v be_v ever_o do_v this_o be_v very_o well_o understand_v by_o littleton_n 265._o lib._n 3._o sect._n 265._o and_o explain_v by_o sir_n edward_n coke_n in_o that_o chapter_n of_o parcener_n per_fw-la le_fw-fr custom_n for_o son_n say_v sir_n edward_n be_v parcener_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o fee_n or_o inheritance_n and_o not_o in_o respect_n of_o their_o person_n as_o daughter_n and_o sister_n be_v etc._n etc._n and_o out_o of_o bracton_n cit_v this_o et_fw-la sunt_fw-la participes_fw-la quasi_fw-la partem_fw-la capientes_fw-la etc._n etc._n ratione_fw-la ipsius_fw-la rei_fw-la quae_fw-la partibilis_fw-la est_fw-la &_o non_fw-la ratione_fw-la personarum_fw-la quae_fw-la non_fw-la sunt_fw-la quasi_fw-la unus_fw-la haeres_fw-la &_o unum_fw-la corpus_fw-la sed_fw-la diversi_fw-la haeredes_fw-la ubi_fw-la tenementum_fw-la partibile_fw-la est_fw-la inter_fw-la plures_fw-la cohaeredes_fw-la petentes_fw-la qui_fw-la descendunt_fw-la de_fw-fr eodem_fw-la stipite_fw-la semper_fw-la solent_fw-la dividi_fw-la ab_fw-la antiquo_fw-la for_o such_o land_n belong_v to_o a_o family_n relate_v only_o to_o the_o male_n in_o case_n of_o their_o existency_n but_o if_o not_o then_o to_o the_o female_n so_o also_o we_o have_v it_o observe_v by_o glanvil_n who_o denominate_v such_o as_o hold_v by_o this_o tenure_n of_o partition_n liberi_fw-la sokemanni_n of_o who_o he_o write_v quibus_fw-la mortuis_fw-la dividetur_fw-la hereditas_fw-la inter_fw-la omnes_fw-la filios_fw-la si_fw-la fuerit_fw-la socagium_fw-la &_o id_fw-la antiquitùs_fw-la divisum_fw-la salvo_fw-la tamen_fw-la capitali_fw-la messuagio_fw-it primogenito_fw-la pro_fw-la dignitate_fw-la aesneciae_fw-la suae_fw-la ita_fw-la tamen_fw-la quod_fw-la in_o aliis_fw-la rebus_fw-la satisfaciet_fw-la aliis_fw-la ad_fw-la valentiam_fw-la si_fw-mi vero_fw-la non_fw-la fuerit_fw-la antiquitùs_fw-la divisum_fw-la tunc_fw-la primogenitus_fw-la secundùm_fw-la quorundam_fw-la consuetudinem_fw-la totam_fw-la haereditatem_fw-la obtinebit_fw-la secundùm_fw-la autem_fw-la quorundam_fw-la consuetudinem_fw-la postnatus_fw-la filius_fw-la heres_fw-la est_fw-la i_o shall_v not_o enforce_v any_o thing_n from_o the_o custom_n of_o preference_n of_o primogeniture_n to_o socage_n land_n which_o be_v such_o as_o be_v non_fw-fr antiquitùs_fw-la divisae_fw-la and_o those_o to_o be_v but_o secundùm_fw-la consuetudinem_fw-la quorundam_fw-la which_o expression_n signify_v a_o diminution_n both_o in_o respect_n of_o age_n and_o community_n nor_o of_o the_o tenure_n which_o we_o call_v burgh-english_a which_o whether_o bring_v in_o by_o the_o saxon_n because_o of_o its_o name_n i_o can_v tell_v but_o concern_v that_o which_o glanvil_n set_v down_o as_o the_o most_o common_a custom_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o most_o ancient_a as_o in_o his_o time_n it_o be_v receive_v to_o be_v and_o the_o intent_n of_o his_o paragraph_n which_o be_v to_o counter-distinguish_a the_o tenure_n of_o this_o partible_a land_n from_o the_o tenor_n of_o the_o military_a fee_n where_o the_o elder_a son_n in_o england_n still_o inherit_v of_o which_o sort_n there_o be_v not_o so_o many_o when_o william_n the_o conqueror_n take_v his_o survey_n of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o after_o time_n do_v bring_v they_o unto_o when_o that_o no_o land_n be_v permit_v to_o be_v hold_v free_a from_o the_o military_a tenure_n not_o except_v the_o very_a land_n of_o the_o church_n but_o he_o be_v so_o plain_a i_o shall_v not_o trouble_v you_o with_o a_o comment_n and_o return_v to_o the_o subject_n of_o this_o chapter_n which_o be_v that_o partition_n ex_fw-la vi_fw-la termini_fw-la do_v not_o owe_v itself_o to_o gavelkind_n no_o rather_o gavel-kind_n to_o partition_n for_o i_o believe_v when_o at_o first_o this_o partition_n be_v use_v and_o receive_v into_o a_o common_a custom_n those_o user_n be_v enforce_v and_o oblige_v to_o find_v and_o invent_v a_o word_n by_o which_o their_o custom_n may_v be_v intelligible_o express_v rather_o than_o to_o make_v a_o custom_n to_o the_o signification_n of_o the_o word_n but_o where_o the_o custom_n of_o divide_v under_o the_o title_n and_o term_n of_o gavel-kind_n be_v once_o receive_v and_o settle_v with_o its_o appurtenance_n there_o it_o infer_v partition_n and_o pass_v as_o a_o common_a law_n not_o only_o in_o kent_n but_o in_o christendom_n also_o to_o what_o mr._n s._n say_v by_o way_n of_o objection_n out_o of_o bracton_n that_o he_o be_v express_v for_o a_o partition_n ratione_fw-la rei_fw-la vel_fw-la ratione_fw-la terrae_fw-la if_o by_o it_o relation_n
proper_o call_v villein-service_n have_v be_v as_o they_o still_o be_v intermit_v or_o rather_o quite_o cease_v insomuch_o as_o all_o our_o gavel-kynd-land_n in_o point_n of_o service_n now_o differ_v nothing_o from_o free_a socage_n be_v such_o ubi_fw-la fit_a servitium_fw-la in_o denariis_fw-la that_o there_o be_v change_n out_o of_o villeinage_n tenor_n into_o other_o more_o free_a and_o less_o servile_a be_v frequent_o to_o be_v find_v but_o by_o that_o to_o lay_v any_o force_n upon_o the_o in_o erpretation_n or_o etymologye_n of_o the_o word_n or_o that_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o those_o citation_n bring_v in_o by_o mr._n s._n it_o shall_v signify_v genus_fw-la gabli_fw-la aut_fw-la redditus_fw-la because_o there_o be_v a_o tent_n fix_v upon_o the_o change_n i_o can_v yield_v unto_o it_o to_o what_o he_o observe_v in_o his_o 59_o page_n out_o of_o the_o customal_n of_o eastry_n manor_n in_o kent_n of_o the_o change_a octo_fw-la cotarii_fw-la pro_fw-la gavel-kende_a since_o that_o gavel-kind_n in_o kent_n be_v receive_v as_o a_o tenure_n far_o less_o servile_a than_o their_o ordinary_a villeinage_n this_o change_n i_o say_v be_v very_o considerable_a and_o do_v well_o deserve_v a_o sum_n of_o money_n in_o gersum_fw-la to_o the_o lord_n for_o that_o these_o cotarii_fw-la before_o this_o change_n be_v by_o tenure_n villein_n and_o so_o consequent_o their_o land_n not_o descendable_a to_o their_o child_n their_o person_n not_o scarce_o their_o own_o their_o acquisition_n get_v by_o the_o sweat_n of_o their_o brow_n at_o the_o will_n of_o the_o lord_n by_o this_o change_n these_o cotarii_fw-la be_v invest_v into_o a_o propriety_n of_o this_o land_n and_o this_o land_n make_v to_o descend_v as_o in_o gavelkind_n the_o mutation_n be_v very_o advantageous_a to_o the_o occupant_a but_o yet_o there_o appear_v somewhat_o further_o to_o i_o to_o confirm_v my_o affirmation_n and_o it_o be_v thus_o to_o be_v consider_v mutati_fw-la sunt_fw-la octo_fw-la cotarii_fw-la pro_fw-la gave-kende_a medleferme_fw-la tenet_fw-la unum_fw-la messuagium_fw-la tres_fw-la acras_fw-la quae_fw-la solent_fw-la esse_fw-la cotar_n modo_fw-la reddit_fw-la xl._n den_n de_fw-mi gablo_fw-mi these_o cotarii_fw-la have_v their_o land_n change_v into_o gavel-kend_a &_o medleferm_fw-la tenet_fw-la unum_fw-la messuagium_fw-la que_fw-la solent_fw-la esse_fw-la cotarii_fw-la modo_fw-la reddit_fw-la xl._n den_n de_fw-mi gablo_fw-mi they_o be_v change_v into_o the_o tenure_n of_o gavelkind_n and_o pay_v rend_v xl._n den_n de_fw-mi gablo_fw-mi this_o last_o notwithstanding_o the_o propinquity_n of_o sound_n can_v have_v any_o relation_n to_o gavel-kende_a for_o than_o it_o have_v be_v a_o tautology_n but_o gavel-kind_n and_o gablum_fw-la be_v set_v forth_o into_o different_a and_o distinct_a use_n the_o tenure_n be_v change_v into_o gavel-kind_n with_o the_o reservation_n of_o a_o annual_a rent_n of_o xl._n den_n de_fw-mi gablo_fw-mi that_o be_v to_o say_v upon_o the_o account_n of_o that_o imposition_n make_v at_o the_o agreement_n by_o way_n of_o acknowledgement_n for_o create_v this_o land_n gavel-kind-land_n the_o last_o have_v relation_n to_o the_o rent_n reserve_v and_o the_o acknowledgement_n the_o other_o to_o the_o manner_n of_o hold_v in_o relation_n to_o the_o change_n and_o to_o the_o future_a descent_n so_o likewise_o be_v that_o other_o citation_n out_o of_o the_o archbishop_n accompt-roll_n in_o the_o year_n 1230._o where_n it_o be_v thus_o enter_v &_o dâ—_n xiiis._n ivd._n the_o fine_a cotariorum_n ut_fw-la coteriae_fw-la suae_fw-la ponerentur_fw-la adredditum_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v that_o their_o cottage_n may_v be_v fix_v and_o certain_a in_o relation_n to_o their_o gable_n or_o reat_n for_o which_o they_o pay_v a_o fine_a whereas_o the_o first_o citation_n have_v relation_n both_o to_o tenure_n and_o rent_n i_o shall_v now_o take_v my_o progress_n northward_o and_o inform_v you_o that_o there_o be_v also_o as_o the_o remainder_n of_o the_o ancient_a planter_n chap._n xvii_o gavel-kind_n in_o scotland_n when_o the_o english_a tongue_n and_o the_o custom_n be_v first_o plant_v in_o scotland_n mr._n s._n in_o his_o 53d._o page_n report_n that_o the_o tenure_n of_o gavelkynd_n in_o other_o country_n beside_o kent_n be_v a_o custom_n indeed_o but_o yet_o like_a to_o that_o in_o scottish_a socage_n land_n to_o which_o he_o produce_v as_o a_o test._n skenaeus_fw-la i_o find_v by_o mr._n s._n that_o gavel-kind_n shall_v be_v permit_v in_o other_o country_n to_o be_v like_a unto_o that_o in_o wales_n like_o that_o in_o ireland_n like_v to_o scottish_a socage-land_n rather_o than_o like_v to_o itself_o or_o to_o the_o same_o etc._n same_o yet_o mr._n john_n skene_n say_v in_o his_o chapter_n de_fw-fr linea_fw-la recta_fw-la descendentium_fw-la thus_o give_v any_o man_n deceasis_n &_o leavis_n behind_o he_o maa_o son_n nor_o one_fw-mi either_o he_o be_v succomaanus_n &_o haldis_n not_o his_o land_n be_v service_n of_o ward_n and_o then_o his_o heretage_n be_v divide_v amang_v all_o his_o son_n or_o he_o be_v mile_n la_o the_o quhilk_fw-mi case_n the_o elder_a son_n succeedis_fw-la in_o the_o haâ—_n land_n quhilk_n heretable_o pertein_v to_o his_o father_n etc._n etc._n what_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o scottish-socageland_a be_v or_o have_v be_v ancient_o in_o scotland_n i_o be_o not_o certain_a but_o of_o this_o i_o be_o assure_v that_o there_o be_v seucral_a manor_n heretofore_o belong_v to_o certain_a bishop_n of_o scotland_n where_o there_o be_v the_o same_o usage_n of_o partition_n of_o land_n as_o in_o gavel-kind_n which_o show_v that_o those_o land_n belong_v in_o those_o ancient_a time_n to_o the_o church_n do_v not_o feel_v the_o severity_n of_o the_o war_n but_o enjoy_v this_o custom_n and_o tenure_n from_o their_o most_o ancient_a proprietor_n which_o be_v also_o plain_o to_o be_v perceive_v by_o the_o retention_n of_o this_o tenure_n yet_o in_o force_n among_o the_o ancient_a britain_n of_o the_o isle_n who_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o site_n be_v most_o free_a from_o the_o fury_n of_o the_o war._n i_o call_v they_o britain_n though_o now_o they_o be_v call_v high-lander_n because_o upon_o trial_n of_o word_n and_o denomination_n of_o place_n i_o find_v that_o language_n and_o the_o british_a so_o coherent_a as_o that_o there_o be_v not_o much_o difference_n between_o they_o to_o a_o serious_a observer_n as_o i_o have_v before_o treat_v consideration_n be_v have_v to_o such_o word_n as_o have_v suffer_v by_o the_o saxon_a converse_n for_o this_o island_n at_o its_o first_o plantation_n do_v certain_o upon_o the_o increase_n of_o family_n who_o first_o settle_v in_o the_o easternmost_a part_n thereof_o remove_v their_o increase_n westward_o and_o northward_o till_o such_o time_n as_o by_o this_o mean_v both_o cornwall_n and_o the_o orcades_n be_v also_o plant_v and_o then_o the_o saxon_n in_o process_n of_o time_n inforce_v the_o britain_n to_o leave_v these_o their_o ancient_a seat_n in_o the_o eastern_a part_n of_o the_o isle_n yet_o not_o all_o as_o i_o show_v before_o who_o retire_v by_o their_o force_n either_o into_o cornwall_n wales_n the_o scottish_a highland_n or_o base_a britainy_a in_o france_n where_o they_o in_o their_o offspring_n do_v occupy_v these_o place_n with_o ireland_n also_o unto_o this_o day_n there_o lie_v a_o large_a island_n name_v lewis_n belong_v to_o the_o earl_n of_o seaforth_n between_o the_o hebrides_n and_o the_o orcade_n which_o whole_o hold_v by_o this_o tenure_n of_o partition_n by_o what_o name_n there_o call_v i_o can_v not_o understand_v for_o their_o language_n there_o be_v irish-british_a but_o if_o according_a to_o mr._n s._n the_o name_n be_v saxon_a in_o its_o original_n what_o hinder_v but_o that_o all_o country_n where_o the_o saxon_a language_n be_v in_o use_n shall_v have_v the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o word_n and_o upon_o this_o ground_n it_o be_v that_o i_o may_v with_o moroprobability_n è_fw-la 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england_n for_o here_o they_o plant_v and_o settle_v with_o the_o