nor other beasts Their Emperors Dukes other of their nobles doe abound with silk gold siluer and precious stones Their victuals are al things that may be eaten for we saw some of them eat lice They drinke milke in great quantitie but especially mares milke if they haue it They seeth Mill also in water making it so thinne that they may drinke thereof Euery one of them drinkes off a cupfull or two in a morning and sometime they eate nought else all the day long But in the euening each man hath a little flesh giuen him to eate and they drinke the broath thereof Howbeit in summer time when they haue mares milke enough they seldome eate flesh vnles perhaps it be giuen them or they take some beast or bird in hunting Of their manners both good and bad Chap. 5. THeir manners are partly prayse-worthie and partly detestable For they are more obedient vnto their lords and masters then any other either clergie or laie-people in the whole world For they doe highly reuerence them and will deceiue them neither in wordes nor deedes They seldome or neuer fall out among themselues and as for fightings or brawlings wounds or manslaughters they neuer happen among them There are neither theeues nor robbers of great riches to be found and therefore the tabernacles and cartes of them that haue any treasures are not strengthened with lockes or barres If any beast goe astray the finder thereof either lets it goe or driueth it to them that are put in office for the same purpose at whose handes the owner of the said beast demaundeth it and without any difficultie receiueth it againe One of them honoureth another exceedingly and bestoweth banquets very familiarly and liberallly notwithstanding that good victuals are daintie and scarce among them They are also very hardie and when they haue fasted a day or two without any maner of sustenance they sing and are merry as if they had eaten their bellies full In riding they endure much cold and and extreme heat There be in a maner no contentions among them and although they vse commonly to be drunken yet doe they not quarell in their drunkennes Noe one of them despiseth another but helpeth and furthereth him as much as conueniently he can Their women are chaste neither is there so much as a word vttered concerning their dishonestie Some of them will notwithstanding speake filthy and immodest words But towards other people the said Tartars be most insolent and they scorne and set nought by all other noble and and ignoble persons whatsoeuer For we saw in the Emperours court the great duke of Russia the kings sonne of Georgia and many great Soldanes receiuing no due honour and estimation among them So that euen the very Tartars assigned to giue attendance vnto them were they neuer so base would alwaies goe before them and take the vpper hand of them yea and sometimes would constraine them to sit behinde their backes Moreouer they are angrie and of a disdainefull nature vnto other people and beyond all measure deceitfull and treacherous towards them They speake fayre in the beginning but in conclusion they sting like scorpions For craftie they are and full of falshood circumuenting all men whom they are able by their sleights Whatsoeuer mischiefe they entend to practise against a man they keepe it wonderfully secrete so that he may by no meanes prouide for himselfe nor find a remedie against their conspiracies They are vnmanerly also and vncleanly in taking their meat and their drinke and in other actions Drunkennes is honourable among them and when any of them hath taken more drinke then his stomacke can well beare hee casteth it vp and falles to drinking againe They are most intollerable exacters most couetous possessours and most nigardly giuers The slaughter of other people is accompted a matter of nothing with them Of their lawes and customes Chap 6. MOreouer they haue this law or custome that whatsoeuer man or woman be manifestly taken in adultery they are punished with death A virgine likewise that hath committed fornication they stay together with her mate Whosoeuer be taken in robberie or theft is put to death without all pitie Also if any man disclose their secrets especially in time of warre he receiueth an hundreth blowes on the backe with a bastinado layd on by a tall fellow In like sort when any inferiours offend inought they finde no fauour at their superiours handes but are punished with grieuous stripes They are ioyned in matrimony to all in generall yea euen to their neare kinsfolkes except their mother daughter and sister by the mothers side For they vse to marrie their sister by the fathers side onely and also the wife of their father after his decease The yonger brother also or some other of his kindred is bound to marry the wife of his elder brother deceased For at the time of our aboad in the countrey a certaine duke of Russia named Andreas was accused before duke Baty for conueying the Tartars horses out of the land and for selling them to others and although it could not be prooued yet was he put to death His yonger brother and the wife of the party deceased hearing this came made their supplication vnto the forenamed duke that the dukedome of Russia might not be taken from them But he commanded the youth to marrie his deceased brothers wife and the woman also to take him vnto her husband according to the custome of the Tartars She answered that she had rather die then so haynously transgresse the law Howbeit hee deliuered her vnto him although they both refused as much as they could Wherefore carying them to bed they constrained the youth lamenting and weeping to lie downe and commit incest with his brothers wife To be short after the death of their husbands the Tartars wiues vse very seldome to marrie the second time vnlesse perhaps some man takes his brothers wife or his stepmother in mariage They make no difference betweene the sonne of their wife and of their concubine but the father giues what he pleaseth vnto each one For of late the king of Georgia hauing two sonnes one lawfully begotten called Melich but the other Dauid borne in adulterie at his death left part of his lande vnto his base sonne Hereupon Melich vnto whome the kingdome fell by right of his mother because it was gouerned before time by women went vnto the Emperour of the Tartars Dauid also hauing taken his iourney vnto him Nowe both of them comming to the court and proffering large giftes the sonne of the harlot made suite that he might haue iustice according to the custome of the Tartars Well sentence passed against Melich that Dauid being his elder brother should haue superioritie ouer him and should quietly and peaceably possesse the portion of land granted vnto him by his father Whensoeuer a Tartar hath many wiues each
a certaine kinde of reede wherewith malefactours are punished in their hands and two there are that carry inclosed in a case the Kings seale peculiar for ech office and many others also that shew sundry spectacles vnto the people whereunto may be added the horrible out-cries and showtes which betweene whiles they vtter to strike a terrour into the hearts of all men and at length come the Magistrates themselues being carried in a throne vpon the backs of foure men sixe men or eight men according to the dignity of their office Now as concerning their houses they are very large and stately being built and furnished with all necessary stuffe at the Kings owne cost in the which so long as their magistracy lasteth they leade a braue and an honourable life The sayd houses are without variety of stories one aboue another which in the kingdome of China and in our Iles of Iapon also are not ordinarily vsed for habitation but either to keepe watch and ward or els for solace and recreations sake for the which purposes eight most lofty â—urrets of nine stories high are built or els for the defence of Cities Howbeit in other regardes these buildings doe shew foorth no small magnificence for they haue their cisternes for the receit of raine-water which are adorned with beautifull trees set in order round about them and they haue also their places designed for the administration of iustice and diuers other conuenient roomes to bestow their wiues and families in Within the doores of the foresayd habitations a certaine number of Sergeants and officers hauing cabbins or little houses allotted them on both sides doe alwayes giue their attendance and so long as matters of iudgement are in deciding they be alwayes ready at hand that at the direction of the Magistrates they may either beat malefactours or by torments constraine them to tell the trueth The sayd Magistrates also haue their peculiar barges wherein to take the water being in breadth and length not much vnlike to the galleys of Europe but for swiftnesse and multitude of oares farre inferiour vnto them The rowers sitting vpon galleries without the hatches or compasse of the barge doe mooue it on forward with their oares whereupon it commeth to passe that the middle part of the barge affoordeth sufficient roome for the Magistrates themselues to abide in containing chambers therein almost as conuenient and handsome as in any of their foresayd publique houses together with butteries and kitchins and such other places necessary for the prouision and stowage of victuals Leo. All these things agree right well with the reports which we haue heard of the stately and renowmed kingdome of China I would now right gladly know somewhat concerning the order which is obserued in the obtaining of magistracies Michael You haue enquired of a matter most woorthy to be knowen which I had almost omitted to entreat of The Chinians therefore doe vse a kinde of gradation in aduancing men vnto sundry places of authority which for the most part is performed by the Senatours of Paquin For first they are made Iudges of Townes then of Cities afterward they are elected to be of that order which decreeth punishments in cases criminall without further appeale or of their order that are the kings fosterers And in both of these Orders which are very honourable there are many places and degrees so that from the inferiour place they must ascend vnto the superiour vntill they haue attained vnto the highest dignity of all and immediatly after that they come to be Uice-royes Howbeit this gradation is not alwayes accomplished in one and the same prouince but in changing their offices they change places and prouinces also Moreouer next after the office of Uice-roy they are capable to be chosen Senatours of Nanquin and last of all to be elected into the Senate of Paquin Now there is such an order and methode obserued in the ascending vnto these dignities that all men may easily coniecture what office any one is to vndertake And there is so great diligence and celerity vsed for the substitution of one into the roome of another that for the same purpose messengers are dispatched by land vpon swift post-horses vnto diuers prouinces almost twenty dayes iourney from the Kings Court And to be short there is such district seuerity in degrading those that vniustly or negligently demeane themselues from an honourable vnto an inferiour and base office or altogether in depriuing them of the kings authority that all Magistrates doe stand in feare of nothing in the world more then of that The same order almost is obserued among the Captaines and Lieu-tenants generall for the warres except onely in them that their birth and ofspring is respected for many there be who descending by parentage from such men as haue in times past atchieued braue exploits in warfare so soone as they come to sufficient yeeres are created Centurions Colonels and Gouernours vntill at lasâ— they attaine to be Lieu-tenants generall and Protectours of some whole prouince who notwithstanding as I haue sayd are in all things subiect vnto the Uice-roy All the foresayd Magistrates both of warre and of peace haue a set number of attendants allotted vnto them enioying a stipend and carying certaine ensignes and peculiar badges of their office and besides the ordinary watch which souldiers appointed for the same purpose doe in the night season after the City gates be shut keepe in their forts wheresoeuer any Magistrate is either at his house or in his barge the sayd attendants striking vpon a cymball of brasse at certaine appointed times do keepe most circumspect and continuall watch and ward about his person Linus You haue Michael sufficiently discoursed of the Magistrates informe vs now of the king himselfe whose name is so renowmed and spread abroad Michael Concerning this matter I will say so much onely as by certaine rumours hath come to my knowledge for of matters appertaining vnto the kings Court we haue no eye-witnesses sithens the fathers of the society haue not as yet proceeded vnto Paquin who so soone as by Gods assistance they shall there be arriued will by their letters more fully aduertise vs. The king of China therefore is honoured with woonderfull reuerence and submission thorowout his whole Realme and whensoeuer any of his chiefe Magistrates speaketh vnto him he calleth him VAN-SVI signifying thereby that he wisheth tenne thousands of yeeres vnto him The succession of the kingdome dependeth vpon the bloud royall for the eldest sonne borne of the kings first and lawfull wife obtaineth the kingdome after his fathers decease neither doe they depriue themselues of the kinglyâ—authority in their life time as the maner is in our Ilands of Iapon but the custome of Europe is there obserued Now that the safety and life of the king may stand in more security his yoonger brethren and the rest borne of concubines are not permitted to liue in
testimonies concerning the mighty kingdome of Coray tributary to the king of China and bordering vpon his Northeast frontiers and also touching the warres of Quabacondono the monarch of Iapan against China by the way of Coray pag. 854 A briefe note concerning an extreame Northerly prouince of Iapan called Zuegara situate 30 dayes iourney from Mâ—acó also of a certeine nation of Tartars called Iezi inhabiting on the maine to the North of China pag. 861 Aduertisements touching the ships that goe from Siuil to the Indies of Spaine together with some sea-orders of the Contractation house of Siuil pag. 862 The order of the Carena giuen to the ships that goe out of Spaine to the West Indies pag. 864. The examination of the Masters and Pilots which saile in the fleetâ— of Spaine to the West Indies written in Spanish by Pedro Dias a Spanish Pilot. pag. 864 and 866 THE THIRD AND LAST Volume of the principall Nauigations Voyages Traffiques and Discoueries of the English Nation made to the Northwest West and Southwest parts of the World with the Letters Priuileges Discourses Obseruations and other necessary things concerning the same The most ancient Discouery of the VVest Indies by Madoc the sonne of Owen Guyneth Prince of North-wales in the yeere 1170 taken out of the history of Wales lately published by M. Dauid Powel Doctor of Diuinity AFter the death of Owen Guyneth his sonnes fell at debate who should inherit after him for the eldest sonne borne in matrimony Edward or Iorwerth Drwydion was counted vnmeet to gouerne because of the maime vpon his face and Howell that tooke vpon him all the rule was a base sonne begotten vpon an Irish woman Therefore Dauid gathered all the power he could and came against Howel and fighting with him slew him and afterwards inioyed quietly the whole land of Northwales vntil his brother Iorwerâ—hs sonne came to age Madoc another of Owen Guyneth his sonnes left the land in contention betwixt his brethren prepared certaine ships with men and munition and sought aduentures by Seas sailing West and leauing the coast of Ireland so farre North that he came vnto a land vnknowen where he saw many strange things This land must needs be some part of that Countrey of which the Spanyards affirme themselues to be the first finders since Hannos time Whereupon it is manifest that that countrey was by Britaines discouered long before Columbus led any Spanyards thither Of the voyage and returne of this Madoc there be many fables fained as the common people doe vse in distance of place and length of time rather to augment then to diminish but sure it is there he was And after he had returned home and declared the pleasant and fruitfull countreys that he had seene without inhabitants and vpon the contrary part for what barren wild ground his brethren and nephewes did murther one another he prepared a number of ships and got with him such men and women as were desirous to liue in quietnesse and taking leaue of his friends tooke his iourney thitherward againe Therefore it is to be supposed that he and his people inhabited part of those countreys for it appeareth by Francis Lopez de Gomara that in Acuzamil and other places the people honored the crosse Wherby it may be gathered that Christians had bene there before the comming of the Spanyards But because this people were not many they followed the maners of the land which they came vnto vsed the language they fouÌ„d there This Madoc arriuing in that Westerne country vnto the which he came in the yere 1170 left most of his people there and returning backe for more of his owne nation acquaintance friends to inhabit that faire large countrey went thither againe with ten sailes as I find noted by Gutyn Owen I am of opinion that the land whereunto he came was some part of the West Indies Carmina Meredith filij Rhesi mentionem facientia de Madoco filio Oweni Guynedd de sua nauigatione in terras incognitas Vixit hic Meredith circiter annum Domini 1477. MAdoc wyf mwyedic wedd Iawn genau Owyn Guynedd Ni fynnum dir fy enaid oedd Na da mawr ond y moroedd The same in English Madoc I am the sonne of Owen Gwynedd With stature large and comely grace adorned No lands at home nor store of wealth me please My minde was whole to search the Ocean seas The offer of the discouery of the VVest Indies by Christopher Columbus to king Henry the seuenth in the yeere 1488 the 13 of February with the kings acceptation of the offer the cause whereupon hee was depriued of the same recorded in the thirteenth chapter of the history of Don Fernand Columbus of the life and deeds of his father Christopher Columbus CHristophoro Colon temendo se parimente i Re di Castiglia non assentissero alla sua impresa non gli bisognasse proporla di nuouo à qualche altro prâ—ncipe cosi in cio passasse lungo tempo mando in Inghilterra vn suo fratello che haueua appresso dâ— se chiamato Bartholomeo Colon il qual quantunque non hauesse lettere Latine erà però huomo praâ—tico giudicioso nelle cose del mare sapea molto bene far carte da nauigare sphere altri instrumenti di quella professione come dal suo fraâ—ello era instrutto Partito adunque Bartholomeo Colon per Inghilterra volle la sua sorte che desse in man di cor sali i quali lo spogliarono insieme con gli altri della sua naue Per la qual cosa per la sua pouertà infirmità che in cosi diuerse terre lo assalirono crudelmente prolungo per gran tempo la sua ambasciata fin che aquistata vn poco di faculta con le carte ch' ei fabricaua comincio a far pratiche co ' il Re Enrico settimo padre de 〈…〉 al presente regna a cui appresentò vn mappamondoâ— nel quale erano scritti questi versi che frale sue scriture Io trouas dame saranno qui posts piu tosto per l' antichità che per la loro eleganza Terrarum quicunque cupis foeliciter oras Noscere cuncta decens doctè pictura docebit Quam Strabo affirmat Ptolomaeus Plinius atque Isidorus non vna tamen sententia cuique Pingitur hîc etiam nuper sulcata carinis Hispanis Zona illa priùs incognita genti Torrida quae tandem nunc est notissima multis Et piu di sotto diceua Pro Authore siue Pictore Ianua cui patriae est nomen cui Bartholomaeus Columbus de Terra Rubra opus edidit istud Londonijs anno Domini 1480 atque insuper anno Octauo decimáque die cùm tertia mensis Februarij Laudes Christo cantentur abundè Et percioche auuertirà alcuno che dice Columbus de Terra Rubra dico che medesimamente Io viddi alcune
Volga and the land of Nagay and to the South part ioyne the countreys of Media and Persia. This sea is fresh water in many places and in other places as salt as our great Ocean It hath many goodly Riuers falling into it and it auoideth not it selfe except it be vnder ground The notable Riuers that fall into it are first the great Riuer of Volga called in the Tartar tongue Edell which springeth out of a lake in a marrish or plaine ground not farre from the Citie of Nouogrode in Russia and it is from the spring to the Sea aboue two thousande English miles It hath diuers other goodly Riuers falling into it as out of Siberia Yaic and Yem Also out of the mountaines of Caucasus the Riuers of Cyrus and Arash and diuers others As touching the trade of Shamaky in Media and Tebris with other townes in Persia I haue enquired and do well vnderstand that it is euen like to the trades of Tartaria that is little vtterance and small profite and I haue bene aduertised that the chiefe trade of Persia is into Syria and so transported into the Leuant sea The fewe shippes vpon the Caspian Seas the want of Mart and port Townes the pouertie of the people and the ice maketh that trade naught At Astracan there were merchants of Shamaky with whom I offered to barter and to giue them kersies for their wares but they would not saying they had them as good cheape in their countrey as I offred them which was sixe rubbles for a kersie that I asked and while I was at Boghar there were brought thither out of Persia Cloth and diuers commodities of our countries which were sold as good cheape as I might sell ours The tenth day of Iune we departed from Astracan towards the Mosco hauing an hundred gunners in our company at the Emperors charges for the safe conduct of the Tartar Ambassadors and me And the eight and twentieth day of Iuly folowing wee arriued at the citie of Cazan hauing bene vpon the way from Astracan thither sixe weekes and more without any refreshing of victuals for in all that way there is no habitation The seuenth of August folowing wee departed from Cazan and transported our goods by water as farre as the citie of Morum and then by land so that the second of September we arriued at the citie of Mosco and the fourth day I came before the Emperours Maiestie kissed his hand and presented him a white Cowes taile of Cathay and a drumme of Tartaria which he well accepted Also I brought before him all the Ambassadors that were commitâ—â—d to my charge with all the Russe slaues and that day I dined in his Maiesties presence and at dinner his Grace sent me meate by a Duke asked me diuers questions touching the lands and countreis where I had bene And thus I remained at the Mosco about your affaires vntil the 17. day of February thaâ— your wares were seâ—t downe and then hauing licence of the Emperors Maiestie to depart the 21. day I came to your house at Vologhda and there remained vntil the breaking vp of the yeâ—â—â— and then hauing seene all your goods laden into your boates I departed with the same and arriued withall in safetie at Colmogro the 9. of May 1560. And here I cease for this time intreating you to beare with this my large discourse which by reason of the varietie of matter I could make no shorter and I beseech God to prosper all your attempts The latitudes of certaine principall places in Russia and other Regions  Deg. Min. Mosco in 55 10 Nouogrod the great 58 26 Nouogrod the lesse 56 33 Colmogro 64 10 Vologhda 59 11 Cazan 55 33 Oweke 51 40 Astracan 47 9 At the entrance into the Caspian sea 46 72 Manguslaue beyond the Caspian sea 45 00 Vrgence in Tartary 20. dayes iourney froÌ„ the Caspian sea 42 18 Boghar a citie in Tartary 20. dayes iourney froÌ„ Vrgence 39 10 Certaine notes gathered by Richard Iohnson which was at Boghar with M. Anthony Ienkinson of the reports ofâ— Russes and other strangers of the wayes of Russia to Cathaya and of diuers and strange people The first note giuen by one named Sâ—rnichoke a Tartarian subiect to the Prince of Boghar which are also Tartars bordering vpon Kizilbash or Persia declaring the way from Astracan being the furthest part of Russia to Cathaya as foloweth FIrst from Astracan to Serachick by land trauailing by leysure as Merchants vse with wares is 10. dayes iourney From Serachick to a towne named Vrgenshe 15. dayes From Vrgenshe to Boghar 15. dayes From Boghar to Cascar 30. dayes From Cascar to Cathaya 30. dayes iourney By the same partie a note of another way more sure to traueile as he reporteth FRom Astracan to Turkemen by the Caspian sea 10. dayes with barkes From Turkemen by lande specially with Camels bearing the weight of 15. poodes for their common burthens is 10. dayes to Vrgenshe From Vrgenshe to Bogâ—ar 15. dayes Note At this Ciâ—ie of Boghar is the marte or meeting place betweene the Turkes and nations of those parts and the Cathayans Also the toll there is the 40. part to be payed of Merchandizes or goods From thence to Cascar is one moneths iourney and from Cascar being the frontier of the great Can hauing many townes and fortes by the way is also a moneths trauel for merchants by land to Cathay Further as he hath heard not hauing bene in those parts himselfe ships may saile from the dominions of Cathaia vnto India But of other waies or how the seas lie by any coast hee knoweth not The instruction of another Tartarian merchant dwelling in the citie of Boghar as he hath learned by other his countreymen which haue bene there FIrst from Astracan by sea to Serachick is 15 daies affirming also that a man may trauell the other way before written by Turkemen From Serachick to Vrgence is 15 dayes From Vrgence to Boghar â—lso 15 dayes Note These last 30 daies iourney is without habitation of houses therefore trauellers lodge in their owne tents cariyng with them to eate their seuerall prouisions and for drinesse there bee many wels of faire water at equall baiting places not farre distant dayly to be had From Boghar to Taskent easie trauelling with goods is 14 dayes by land From Taskent to Occient 7 dayes From Occient to Cascar 20 daies This Cascar is the head towne or citie of another prince lying betweene Boghar and Cathaia called Reshit can From Cascar to Sowchick 30 daies iourney which Sowchick is the first border of Cathay From Sowchick to Camchick 5 daies iourney and from Camchick to Cathay is 2 moneths iourney all the way being inhabited temperate wel replenished with innumerable fruits the chiefe citie in that whole land is called Cambalu which is yet 10 daies iourney from Cathay Beyond this land of Cathay which they praise to be ciuill vnspeakeably rich is the countrey named in
the streame moreouer we knew not where we were whereupon doubting whither wee were past or short of our port the Master Pilot and other Officers of the shippe entered into counsell what was best to doe wherevpon they agreed to sende the bote on lande againe to seeke some man to speake with all but they returned as wiâ—e as they went Then we set sayle againe and sounded euery mile or halfe mile and found still one depth so we not knowing where we were came againe to an anker seuen or eight miles by West from the place we were at Thus still doubting where we were the boâ—e went on land againe and brought newes that wee were short 80 miles of the place whereas we thought wee had beene ouershot by east fiftie miles Thus in these doubts we lost foure dayes and neuer a man in the shippe able to tell where we were notwithstanding there were diuerse in the shippe that had beene there before Then sayd the Pylot that at his comming to the shore by chance he saw two wayfaring men which were Moores and he cryed to them in Turkish insomuch that the Moores partly for feare and partly for lacke of vnderstanding seeing them to be Christians beganne to flie yet in the end with much a doe they stayed to speake with them which men when they came together were not able to vnderstand ech other but our men made to them the signe of the Crosse on the sande to giue them to vnderstand that they were of the shippe that brought the pilgrims Then the Moores knowing as al the country else doth that it was the vse of Christians to go to Ierusalem shewed them to be yet by west of Iaffa Thus we remained all that night at anker and the farther west that we sayled the lesse water we had The 21 we set sayle againe and kept our course Northeast but because we would not goe along the shore by night wee came to an anker in foure and twentie fathome water Then the next morning being the 22 we set sayle againe and kept our course as before and about three of the clocke in the afternoone wee had sight of the two towers of Iaffa and about fiue of the clocke wee were with a rocke called in the Italian tongue Scolio di Santo Petro on the which rocke they say he fished when Christ bid him cast his net on the right side and caught so many fishes This rocke is now almost worne away It is from Iaffa two or three mile here before the two towers we came to an anker Then the pilgrimes after supper in salutation of the holy lande sang to the prayse of God Te Deum laudamus with Magnificat and Benedictus but in the shippe was a Frier of Santo Francisco who for anger because he was not called and warned would not sing with vs so that he stood so much vpon his dignitie that he forgot his simplicitie and neglected his deuotion to the holy land for that time saying that first they ought to haue called him yer they did beginne because he was a Fryer and had beene there and knewe the orders The 23 we sent the bote on land with a messenger to the Padre Guardian of Ierusalem This day it was notified vnto mee by one of the shippe that had beene a slaue in Turkie that no man might weare greene in this land because their prophet Mahomet went in greene This came to my knowledge by reason of the Scriuanello who had a greene cap which was forbidden him to weare on the land The 24. 25. and 26 we taryed in the shippe still looking for the comming of the Padre guardian and the 26 at night we had a storme which lasted all the next day The 27 in the morning came the Cadi y e Subassi the Meniwe with the Padre guardian but they could not come at vs by reason of the stormy weather in the afternoone we assayed to send the bote on land but the weather would not suffer vs. Then againe toward night the bote went a shore but it returned not that night The same day in the afternoone we sawe in the element a cloud with a long tayle like vnto the tayle of a serpent which cloud is called in Italian Cion the tayle of this cloud did hang as it were into the sea and we did see the water vnder the sayde cloude ascend as it were like a smoke or myste the which this Cion drew vp to it The Marriners reported to vs that it had this propertie that if it should happen to haue lighted on any part of the shippe that it would rent and wreth sayles mast shroudes and shippe and all in manner like a wyth on the land trees houses or whatsoeuer else it lighteth on it would rent and wreth These marriners did vse a certaine coniuration to breake the sayd tayle or cut it in two which as they say doth preuaile They did take a blacke hafted knife and with the edge of the same did crosse the said taile as if they would cut it in twain saying these words Hold thou Cion eat this and then they stucke the knife on the ship side with the edge towards the said cloude and I saw it therewith vanish in lesse then one quarter of an houre But whether it was then consumed or whether by vertue of the Inchantment it did vanish I knowe it but it was gone Hereof let them iudge that know more then I. This afternoone we had no winde but the Sea very stormy insomuch that neither cheste pot nor any thing else could stand in the shippe and wee were driuen to keepe our meate in one hand and the pot in the other and so sit downe vpon the hatches to eate for stand we could not for that the Seas in the very port at an anker went so high as if wee had bene in the bay of Portugall with stormy weather The reason is as the Mariners said to me because that there meete all the waues from all places of the Straights of Gibraltar and there breake and that in most calmes there go greatest seas whether the winde blow or not The 28. the weather growing somewhat calme wee went on land and rested our selues for that day and the next day we set forward toward the city of Ierusalem What I did and what places of deuotion I visited in Ierusalem and other parts of the Holy land from this my departure from Iaffa vntill my returne to the said port may briefly be seene in my Testimoniall vnder the hand seale of the Uicar generall of Mount Sion which for the contentment of the Reader I thought good here to interlace VNiuersis singulis presentes litteras inspecturis salutem in Domino nostro Iesu Christo. Aâ—â—estamur vobis ac alijs quibuscunque qualiter honorabilis vir Iohannes Lok ciuis Londoniensis filius honorabilis viri Guilhelmi Lok equitis auraâ—i ad sacratissima terrae
England I must needes conclude with learned Baptista Ramusius and diuers other learned men who said that this discouery hath bene reserued for some noble prince or woorthie man thereby to make himselfe rich and the world happieâ— desiring you to accept in good part this briefe and simple discourse written in haste which if I may perceiue that it shall not sufficiently satisfie you in this behalfe I will then impart vnto you a large discourse which I haue written onely of this discouery And further because it sufficeth not only to know that such a thing there is without abilitie to performe the same I wil at leasure make you partaker of another simple discourse of nauigation wherein I haue not a litle trauelled to make my selfe as sufficient to bring these things to effect as I haue bene readie to offer my selfe therein And therein I haue deuised to amend the errors of vsuall sea cards whose common fault is to make the degrees of longitude in euery latitude of one like bignesse And haue alâ—o deuised therein a Spherical instrument with a compasse of variation for the perfect knowing of the longitude And a precise order to pricke the sea card together with certaine infallible rules for the shortning of any discouery to know at the first â—ntring of any fret whether it lie open to the Ocean more wayes then one how farre soeuer the sea stretcheth it selfe into the land Desiring you hereafter neuer to mislike with me for the taking in hande of any laudable and honest enterprise for if through pleasure or idlenesse we purchase shame the pleasure vanisheth but the shame remaineth for euer And therefore to giue me leaue without offence alwayes to liue and die in this mind That he is not worthy to liue at all that for feare or danger of death shunneth his countries seruice and his owne honour seeing death is ineuitable and the fame of vertue immortall Wherefore in this behalfe Mutare vel timere sperno Certaine other reasons or arguments to prooue a passage by the Northwest learnedly written by M. Richard Willes Gentleman FOure famous wayes there be spoken of to those fruitfull and wealthie Islands which wee doe vsually call Moluccaes continually haunted for gaine and dayly trauelled for riches therein growing These Ilands although they stand East from the Meridian distant almost halfe the length of the worlde in extreame heate vnder the Equinoctiall line possessed of Infidels and Barbarians yet by our neighbours great abundance of wealth there is painefully sought in respect of the voyage deerely bought and from thence dangerously brought home vnto vs. Our neighbours I call the Portugals in comparison of the Molucchians for neerenesse vnto vs for like situation Westward as we haue for their vsuall trade with vs for that the farre Southeasterlings doe knowe this part of Europe by no other name then Portugall not greatly acquainted as yet with the other Nations thereof Their voyage is very well vnderstood of all men and the Southeasterne way round about Afrike by the Cape of Good hope more spoken of better knowen and trauelled then that it may seeme needfull to discourse thereof any further The second way lyeth Southwest betweene the West India or South America and the South continent through that narrow straight where Magellan first of all men that euer we doe read of passed these latter yeeres leauing thereunto therefore his name This way no doubt the Spaniardes would commodiously take for that it lyeth neere vnto their dominions there could the Easterne current and leuanâ— windes as easily suffer them to returne as speedily therwith they may be carried thither for the which difficultie or rather impossibility of striuing against the force both of winde and streame this passage is litle or nothing vsed although it be very well knowen The third way by the Northeast beyond all Europe and Asia that worthy and renowmed knight sir Hugh Willoughbie sought to his perill enforced there to ende his life for colde congealed and frozen to death And truely this way consisteth rather in the imagination of Geographers then allowable either in reason or approued by experience as well it may appeare by the dangerous trending of the Scythish Cape set by Ortelius vnder the 80 degree North by the vnlikely sailing in that Northerne sea alwayes clad with yce and snow or at the least continually pestred therewith if happily it be at any time dissolued besides bayes and shelfes the water waxing more shallow toward the East that we say nothing of the foule mists and darke fogs in the cold clime of the litle power of the Sunne to cleare the aire of the vncomfortable nights so neere the Pole fiue moneths long A fourth way to go vnto these aforesaid happy Ilands Moluccae sir Humfrey Gilbert a learned and valiant knight discourseth of at large in his new passage to Cathayo The enterprise of it selfe being vertuous the fact must doubtlesse deserue high praise and whensoeuer it shal be finished the fruits thereof cannot be smal where vertue is guide there is fame a follower fortune a companion But the way is dangerous the passage doubtfull the voiage not throughly knowen and therefore gainesaid by many after this maner First who can assure vs of any passage rather by the Northwest then by the Northeast doe not both wayes lye in equall distance from the North Pole Stand not the North Capes of eyther continent vnder like eleuation Is not the Ocean sea beyond America farther distant from our Meridian by 30. or 40. degrees West then the extreame poyntes of Cathayo Eastward if Ortelius generall Carde of the world be true In the Northeast that noble Knight Syr Hugh Willoughbie perished for colde and can you then promise a passenger any better happe by the Northwest Who hath gone for triall sake at any time this way out of Europe to Cathayo If you seeke the aduise herein of such as make profession in Cosmographie Ptolome the father of Geographie and his eldest children will answere by their mappes with a negatiue concluding most of the Sea within the land and making an ende of the world Northward neere the 63. degree The same opinion when learning chiefly florished was receiued in the Romanes time as by their Poets writings it may appeare tibi seruiat vltima Thyle said Virgil being of opinion that Island was the extreme part of the world habitable toward the North. Ioseph Moletius an Italian and Mercator a Germaine for knowledge men able to be compared with the best Geographers of our time the one in his halfe Spheres of the whole world the other in some of his great globes haue continued the West Indies land euen to the North Pole and consequently cut off all passage by sea that way The same doctors Mercator in other of his globes and mappes Moletius in his sea Carde neuerthelesse doubting of so great continuance of the former continent haue
The inhabitants vse to take them two maner of wayes the one is by a kinde of weare made of reeds which in that country are very strong the other way which is more strange is with poles made sharpe at one end by shooting them into the fish after the maner as Irish men cast darts either as they are rowing in their boats or els as they are wading in the shallowes for the purpose There are also in many places plenty of these kinds which follow Sea-crabs such as we haue in England Oisters some very great and some small some round and some of a long shape they are found both in salt water and brackish and those that we had out of salt water are farre better then the other as in our countrey Also Muscles Scalops Periwinkles and Creuises Seekanauk a kinde of crusty shel-fish which is good meat about a foot in bredth hauing a crusty taile many legges like a crab and her eyes in her backe They are found in shallowes of waters and sometime on the shore There are many Tortoises both of land and sea kinde their backs and bellies are shelled very thicke their head feet and taile which are in appearance seemeougly as though they were members of a serpent or venimous beasts but notwithstanding they are very good meat as also their egges Some haue bene found of a yard in bredth and better And thus haue I made relation of all sorts of victuall that we fed vpon for the time we were in Virginia as also the inâ—abitants themselues as farre forth as I know and can remember or that are specially woorthy to be remembred The third and last part of such other things as are behouefull for those which shall plant and inhabite to know of with a description of the nature and maners of the people of the Countrey Of commodities for building and other necessary vses THose other things which I am more to make rehearsal of are such as concerne building other mechanicall necessary vses as diuers sorts of trees for house and ship-timber and other vses else Also lime stone and bricke â—east that being not mentioned some might haue bene doubted of or by some that are malitious the contrary reported Okes there are as faire straight call and as good timber as any can be and also great store and in some places very great Walnut trees as I haue said before very many some haue bene seene eâ—cellent faire timber of foure and fiue fadome and aboue fourescore foote streight without bough Firre trees fit for masts of ships some very tall and great Rakiock a kinde of trees so called that are sweete wood of which the inhabitants that were â—eere vnto vs doe commonly make theâ—â— boates or Canoas of the forme of trowes onely with the helpe of fire hatchets of stones and shels we haue knowen some so great being made in that sort of one tree that they haue caried well 20. men at once besides much baggage the timber being great tall streight soft light and yet tough ynough I thinke besides other vses to be â—it also for masts of ships Cedar a sweete wood good for seelings chests boxes bedsteads lutes virginals and many things els as I haue also said before Some of our company which haue wandered in some places where I haue not bene haue made certaine affirmation of Cyprus which for such and other excellent vses is also a wood of price and no small estimation Maple and also Wich-â—azle whereof the inhabitants vse to make their bowes Holly a necessary thing for the making of birdlime Willowes good for the making of weares and wecles to take fish after the English maner although the inhabitants vse oâ—â—ly reedes which because they are so strong as also â—â—exible doe serue for that turne very well and sufficiently Beech and Ashe good for caske-hoopes and if neede require plowe worke as also for many things els Elmâ— Sassafras trees Ascopo a kinde of tree very like vnto Lawrell the barke is hot in taste and spicie it is very like to that tree which Monardes describeth to be Cassia Lignea of the West Inâ—ies There are many other strange trees whose names I know not but in the Virginian language of which I am not now able neither is it so conuenient for the present to trouble you with particular relation seeing that for timber and other necessary vses I haue â—amed sufficient And oâ— many of the rest but that they may be applied to good vse I know no cause to doubt Now for stone bricke and lime thus it is Neere vnto the Sea coast where wee dwelt there are no kinde of stones to be found except a few small pebbles about foure miles off but such as haue bene brought from further out of the maine In some of our voyages we haue seene diuers hard raggie stones great pebbles and a kinde of grey stone like vnto marble of which the inhabiâ—ants make their hatchets to cleaue wood Upon inquirie wee heard that a little further vp into the Countrey were of all sorts very many although of quarries they are ignorant neither haue they vse of any store whereupon they should haue occasion to seeke any For if euery housholde haue one or two to cracke nuts grinde shels whet copper and sometimes other stones for hatchâ—ts they haue ynough neither vse they any digging but onely for graues about three foote deeper and therefore no marueile that they know neither quarries nor lime-stones which both may be in places neerer then they wot of In the meanetime vntil there be discouery of sufficient store in some place or other conuenient the want of you which are shal be the planters therein may be as well supplied by bricke for the making whereof in diuers places of the Countrey there is clay both excellent good and plentieâ— and also by lime made of oyster shels and of others burnt after the maner as they vse in the Isles of Tenet and Shepy and also in diuers other places of England Which kinde of lime is well knowen to be as good as any other And of oyster shels there is plentie ynough for besides diuers other particular places where are abundance there is one shallow Sound along the coast where for the space of many miles together in length and two or three miles in breadth the ground is nothing els being but halfe a foote or a foote vnder water for the most part Thus much can I say furthermore of stones that about 120. miles from our fort neere the water in the side of a hill was found by a Gentleman of our company a great veine of hard ragge stones which I thought good to remember vnto you Of the nature and maners of the people IT resteth I speake a word or two of the naturall inhabiâ—ants their natures and maners leauing large discourse thereof vntil time more conuenient hereafter nowe onely so farre foorth as that you may know how that they in respect
colde yet they weare mantels thâ—reof as your honour may see by the shewe thereof and true it is that there was found â—n their housâ—s certaine yarne made of cotton wooll They weare their haire on their heads like those of Mexico and they are well nurtured and condicioned And they haue Turquâ—ses I thinke good quantitie which with the rest of the goods which they had excâ—pt their corne they had conueyed away before I came thither for I found no women there nor no youth vndâ—r fifteâ—ne â—eâ—res olde nor no olde folkes aboue sixtie sauing two or three olde folkes who stayâ—d behinde â—o gouerne all the rest of the youâ—h and men of warre There were sound in a certaine paper two poynts of Emralds and certaine small stones broken which are in colour somewhat like Granates vâ—ry bad and other stones of Christall which I gaue one of my seruaunts to lay vp to send them to your lordship and hee hath lost them as hee tâ—lleth me Wee found heere Ginnie cockes but fâ—we The Indians tell mee in all these seuen cities that they eate them not but that they keâ—pe them onâ—ly for their feathers I beleeue them not for they are excellent good and greater then thoâ—e of Mexico The season which is in this countrey and the temperature of the ayre is like that of Mexico for sometime it is hotte and sometime it raineth but hitherto I neuer sawe it raine but once there fell a little showre with winde as they are woent to fall in Spaine The snow and cold are woont to be great for so say the inhabitants of the Countrey and it is very likely so to bee both in respect of the maner of the Countrey and by the fashion of their housâ—s and thâ—ir furres and other things which this people haue to defend them from colde Thâ—re is no kind of fruit nor trees of fruite The Countrey is all plaine and is on no side mountainous albeit there are some hillie and bad passages There are â—mall store of Foules the cause whereof is the colde and because the mountainâ—s are not neere Here is no great store of wood because they haue wood for their fuell sufficient foure leagues off from a wood of small Cedars There is most excellent grasse within a quarter of a league hence for our horses as well to feede them in pasture as to mowe and make hay whereof wee stoode in great neede because our horses came hither so weake and feeble The victuals which the people of this countrey haue is Maiz whereof they they haue great store and also small white Pease and Uenison which by all likelyhood they feede vpon though they say no for wee found many stunnes of Deere of Hares and Couies They eate the best cakes that euer I sawe and euery body generally eateth of them They haue the finest order and way to grinde that wee euer sawe in any place And one Indian woman of this countrâ—y will grinde as much as foure women of Mexico They haue most excellent salte in kernell which they fetch from a certaine lake a dayes iourney from hence They haue no knowledge among them of the North Sea nor of the Westerne Sea neither can I tâ—ll your lordship to which wee bee neerest But in reason they should seeme to bee neerest to the Westeâ—ne Sea and at the least I thinke I am an hundred and fiftie leagues from thence and the Northerne Sea should bee much further off Your lordship may see howe broad the land is here Here are many sorts of beasts as Beares Tigers Lions Porkespicks and certaine Sheep as bigge as an horse with very great hornes and little tailes I haue seene their hornes so bigge that it is a wonder to behold their greatnesse Here are also wilde goates whose heads likewise I haue seene and the pawes of Beares and the skins of wilde Bores There is gaine of Deere Ounces and very great Stagges and all men are of opinion that there are some bigger then that beast which your lordship bestowed vpon me which once belonged to Iohn Melaz They trauell eight dayes iourney vnto certaine plaines lying toward the North Sea In this countrey there are certaine skinnes well dressed and they dresse them and paint them where they kill their Oxen for so they say themselues Chap. 4. Of the state and qualities of the kingdomes of Totonteac Marata and Acus quite contrary to the relation of Frier Marcus The conference which they haue with the Indiâ—â—s of the citie of Granada which they had taken which had fiftie yeres past foreseene the comming of the Christians into their countrey The relation which they haue of other seuen cities whereof Tucano is the principall and how he sent to discouer them A present of diuers things had in these countreys sent vnto the Viceroy Mendoça by Vasques de Coronado THe kingdome of Totonteac so much extolled by the Father prouinciall which sayde that there were such wonderfull things there and such great matters and that they made cloth there the Indians say is an hotte lake about which are fiue or sixe houses and that there were certaine other but that they are ruinated by warre The kingdome of Marata is not to be found neither haue the Indians any knowledge thereof The kingdome of Acus is one onely small citie where they gather cotton which is caled Acucu And I say that this is a towne For Acus with an aspiration nor without is no word of the countrey And because I gesse that they would deriue Acucu of Acus I say that it is this towne whereinto the kingdom of Acus is conuerted Beyond this towne they say there are other small townes which are neere to a riuer which I haue seene and haue had report of by the relation of the Indians I would to God I had better newes to write vnto your lordship neuerthelesse I must say the trueth And as I wrote to your lordship from Culiacan I am nowe to aduertise your honour as wel of the good as of the bad Yet this I would haue you bee assured that if all the riches and the treasures of the world weâ—e heere I could haue done no more in the seruice of his Maiestie and of your lordshippe then I haue done in comming hither whither you haue sent mee my selfe and my companions carâ—ying our victuals vpon our shoulders and vpon our horses three hundred leagues and many dayes going on foote trauailing ouer hilles and rough mountaines with other troublâ—s which I câ—ase to mâ—ntion nâ—ither purpose I to depart vnto the death if it please his Maiestie and your lordship that it shall be so Three dayes after this citie was taken certaine Indians of these people came to offer mee peace and brought mee certaine Turqueses and badde mantles and I receiued them in his Maiesties name with all the good speaches that I could
in despite of the Spaniards anchored landed tooke in fresh victuals A mile off the Iland there is a rocke in the sea wherein doe breede many fowles like vnto Barnacles in the night we went out in our boates and with cudgels we killed many of them and brought them with many of their egs aboord with vs their egges be as bigge as Turkies egges and speckled like them We did eate them and found them very good meate From thence wee sayled to Burboroata which is in the maine land of the West Indies there we came in mored our ships and taried two moneths trimming and dressing our ships and in the meane time traded with certaine Spanyards of that countrey There our Generall sent vs vnto a towne called Placencia which stood on a high hil to haue intreated a Bishop that dwelt there for his fauour friendship in their lawes who hearing of our comming for feare forsooke y e town In our way vp the hil to Placencia wee found a monstrous venemous worme with two heads his body was a bigge as a mans arme and a yard long our master Robert Barret did cut him in sunder with his sword and it made it as blacke as if it were coloured with ynke Heere be many Tygers monstrous and furious beasts which by subtiltie deuoure and destroy many men they vse the traded wayes wil shew themselues twise or thrise to the trauellers and so depart secretly lurking till they be past then suddenly at unawares they leape vpon them and deuoure them they had so vsed two of our company had not one of them looked behind Our Generall sent three ships vnto the Iland called Coraçao to make prouision for the rest where they remayned vntill his comming Hee sent from thence the Angel and the Iudith to Rio de Hacha where we anchored before the town The Spaniards shot three pieces at vs from the shore whom we required with two of ours and shotte through the Gouernours house we wayed anchor anchored againe without shot of the towne where wee rid fiue dayes in despite of the Spanyards and their â—hot In the meane space there came a Caruel of aduise from S. Domingo whom with the Angel and the Iudith wee chased and droue to the shore we fetcht him from thence in spite of 200. Spaniards hargubush shot and anchored againe before the towne and rid there with them till our Generals comming who anchored landed his men and valiantly tooke the Towne with the losse of one man whose name was Thomas Surgeon wee landed and planted on the shore for our safeties our field ordinance we droue the Spaniards vp into the country aboue two leagues whereby they were inforced to trade with our General to whom he sold most part of his Negros In this riuer we killed a monstrous Lagarto or Crocodile in this port at sunne set seuen of vs went in the pinnesse vp into the Riuer carying with vs a dogge vnto whom with rope-yarne we bound a great hooke of steele with a chaine that had a swiuel which we put vnder the dogs belly the point of the â—ooke comming ouer his back fast bound as aforesaid we put him ouer boord and vexed out our rope by litle and litle rowing away with our boate the Lagarto came presently swallowed vp the dogge then did we rowe hard till we had choked him he plunged and made a wonderful stirre in the water we leapt on shore and haled him on land he was 23. foote by the rule headed like a hogge in body like a serpent full of scales as broad as a sawcer his taile long and full of knots as bigge as a fawâ—on shotte he hath foure legs his feete haue long nailes like vnto a dragon we opened him tooke out his guts flayed him dried his skinne and stuffed it with straw meaning to haue brought it home had not the ship bin cast away This monster will cary away and deuoure both man and horse From hence we shaped our course to Santa Martha where we landed traded and sold certaine Negroes there two of our company killed a monstrous adder going towards his caue with a Conie in his mouth his body was as bigge as any mans thigh and seuen foote long vpon his tayle he had sixteene knottes euery one as bigge as a great walnut which they say doe shew his age his colour was greene and yellow they opened him and found two conies in his belly From thence wee sayled to Cartagena where we went in mored our Shippes and would haue traded with them but they durst not for feare of the King wee brought vp the Minion against the Castle and shotte at the Castle and Towne then we landed in an Iland where were many gardens there in a caue we found certaine Botijos of wine which wee brought away with vs in recompence whereof our Generall commanded to be set on shore woollen and linnen cloth to the value thereof From hence by foule weather wee were forced to seeke the Port of Saint Iohn de Vllua In our way thwart of Campeche we met with a Spaniard a small ship who was bound for Santo Domingo he had in him a Spaniard called Augustin de villa nueua who was the man that betrayed all the Noble men in the Indies and caused them to be beheaded wherefore he with two Friers fled to S. Domingo them we tooke and brought with vs into the Port of S. Iohn de Vllua Our Generall made great account of him and vsed him like a Noble man howbeit in the ende he was one of them that betrayed vs. When wee had mored our ships and landed wee mounted the Ordinance that wee found there in the Ilande and for our safeties kept watch and warde The next day after wee discouered the Spanish fleete whereof Luçon a Spanyard was Generall with him came a Spanyard called Don Martin Henriquez whom the king of Spaine sent to be his Uice-roy of the Indies He sent a Pinnesse with a flagge of truce vnto our Generall to knowe of what Countrey those Shippes were that rode there in the King of Spaines Port who sayd they were the Queene of Englands ships which came in there for victuals for their money wherefore if your Generall will come in here he shall giue me victuals and all other necessaries and I will goe out on the one side of the Port and he shall come in on the other side The Spanyard returned for answere that he was a Uice-roy and had a thousand men therefore he would come in Our Generall saydâ— If he be a Uice-roy I represent my Queenes person I am a Uice-roy as well as he and if he haue a thousand men my powder and that will take the better place Then the Uice-roy after counsell among themselues yeelded to our Generals demaund swearing by his King and his Crowne by his commission and authority that he had from his King that hee
ex diametro spirantibus The words of the king of Portugall to Andro Vrdaneta a Frier touching the concealing of this Northwest passage from England to Cataia An obiection Aristotle lib. de mundo cap. 2. Berosus lib. 5. The Northwest passage assentâ—d vnto The first reason The answer or resolution Vlsus nonnunquam fallitur in suo obiecto The second reason or allegation The answer or resolution The third and last reason or assertion The answer or resolution Some doubt of this This discouery offered This discouery attempted This discouery performed The labour of this discouerie shortned by other mens trauell Why y e kings of Spaine and Portugal would not perseuer in this discouery Pereas qui vmbras times 1 By the Southeast 2 By the Southwest This is an errour 3 By the Northeast Ortel tab Asiae 3. 4 By the Northeast Ob. 1. In Theatro Ob. 2. Ob. 3. Ob. 4. Ob. 5. Ob. 6. Cic. 1. de orat Arist. pri Metaph. Lib. 1. Geog. Cap. 2. Sol. 1. Sol. 2. Ouid. â— Meta. Sol. 3. Sol. 4. Lib. Geog. Noâ—e Richard Eden Lib. 2. Meteor cap. 1. Plin. lib. â—â— capâ— 67. Sol. 5. Sol. 6â— Luc. lib. 1â— Phaâ—sal What the Easterne current is Lib. 1. Geog. Cap 2. Iune ‖ M. Matthew 〈◊〉 was Capâ—aine of the Michael Fairâ— Island Shotland * By eleuation he meaâ—eth the distance oâ— the sunne from the zâ—â—â—th S. Tronionsâ— Foâ—lay Island Latitude 59. deg 59. min. â—ere they begâ—â— to saile West and by North. Iuly the first The Compasse varying Westwards one point The Island of Friseland The variation of the needle two points and a halfe to the West A great drift of yce The latitude of 62. degrees 2. min. Sight of land supposed to haue bene Labrador August They enter the Streiâ— in the latitude of 63. deg and 8. min. Sight of the Countrey people The description of the people 5. of our men taken by the people They returne September The Sheld The Islands Orcades or Orkney The Orcadians vpon smal occasion fire their home No wood in Orkney Fisher men of â—ngland haue dailâ—â—raffike to Oâ—knâ—y In Iune and Iuly no night in those West and Northwest regions Great abundance of Firre trees floting in the sea Inquire further of this current Yce snow and haile in Iune and Iuly Friseland subiect to fogge Frobishers streight Islands of yce comparable to mountaines Captaine Frobisher his speciall care and diligence for the benefite of his Prince and Countreâ— The order of the people appearing on shoare Fierce and hold people One taken Richard Cox Master gunner Master Iackman Andrew Dier Iackmans sound Possession taken Yce needefull to be regarded of seafaring men Stones glister with sparkles like gold A common prouerbe The sea Unicorne The people fled at the sight of our men Master Philpot Master Beast A fierce assault of a few Faire meanes not able to allure them to familiarity Boates of skinneâ— Our deparâ—ure from the West shore The countrey people shew themselues vnto vs. Their vsage in traffique or exchange The people shew themselues the third time The people shew themselues againe on â—â—rme land Their â—â—râ—t meanes to allure vs to shore Their second meanes Their third and crafâ—iest allurâ—ment Compassion to cure a crafty lame man Dogges like vnto woluâ—â— They eate dogs flesh Hoods â—nd tailes to their apparâ—ll Their houses of Seale skins and Firre Their weapons of defence Three â—orts of heads to their arrowes Two sorts of darts Two sorts of boates made of leather They vse to foule fish and hunt It is to be supposed that their inhabiting is elsewhere Their vse of yron Anthropophagi Signes of gold eâ—â—e Signes of gold from other people Description of the Countreis â— signe of Earthquakeâ— or thunder No riuers but â—uch as the Sunne doth cause to come of snow A probability that there should be neither spring or riuers in the ground Springs nourish gold Our departurâ— from those Countreys How when we lost our 2. Barks which God neuerthelesse restored The conclusion Master Yorke Christopher Hall The Hopewel Captaine Carew Andrew Dierâ— Harwich Dursies Ireland Plimmouth Bristow Frizeland The curtesie of our Generall Master Kinderslie Bartholomew Bull. The Michael The Iudith M. Fenton Charles Iackman The Countesse of Wâ—rwicks sound Our entrance passage c. Barke Dionyse Narow shifts for safetie Gods prouidence A mountaine of yce appearing in sundry figures A fog of long continuance A current to the Northwest The Gabriel The people offer to traffike with vs. Warning pieces of fate passage discharged A faire sound betweene the Queenes foreland and Iackmans sound An horrible snowe fell in Iuly The time of our setting forward c. The Countesse of Sussex Iland Winters Fornace Dauids sound The policie of the people for safeâ—ie of themselues Their speedie flight at our Generals arriuall Gentlemen should haue inhaâ—ited the Countrey An house tricked and garnished with diuers trâ—â—kâ—â—s An outragious tempest Our entring the coastes dangerous The Island in length 25. leagues This Iland is in the latitude of 57. degrees and 1 second part Two harboroughs in this Island Experience to proue that Torrida Zona is habitable Marochus more hote then about the Equinoctiall Marueiloâ—s fruitfull soile vnder the Equinoctiall Great trees Commoditiâ—â— and pleasurâ—â— vnder the Equinoctiall Heat is caused by two means that is by his maner of Angle and by his continuanceâ— Note this reason Paris in France is as hote as vnder the Equinoctiall in Iune In Iune is greater heat at Paris then vnder the Equinoctial The twilights are shorter and the nights darker vnder the Equinoctial then at Paris In what proportion the Angle of the Sun beames heateth They vse and haue neede of fire vnder the Equinoctiall Colde intermingled with heate vndre the Equinoctial Ethiopâ—ans blacke with curled haire The Sunne heateth not by his neernesse but onely by reflection A black Mooreâ— sonne borne in England The colour of the people in Meta Incognita The complexion of the people of Meta incognita The cause of the Ethiopians blacknesse The Arke of Noe. Chus the sonne of Cham accursed Africa was called Chamesis Greatest temperature vnder the Equinoctial Vndre the Equinoctiall is greatest generation Greatest heate vnder the Tropicâ—â— Cuba Hispaniola 〈…〉 Under the Tropickes is moderate temperature Nine Climates A comparison betweene Marochus and England All the North regions are habitable Elephant Orange tree Two causes of heat Hote nights nere the pole Colde nights vnder the Equinoctiall One day of sixe moneths Moderate heat vnder y e poles The Sunne neuer setteth in 182 dayes Horizon aâ—d Equinoctiall all one vnder the pole London Commodious dwelling vnder the poles The nights vnder the pole The regions vnder the poles want twilights but sixe weeks Winter nights vnder the pole tolerable to liuing creatures An obiection of Meta incognita Meta incognita inhabited Captaine Frobisherâ— first voyage The Michael returned home Frobishers first entrance within â— streights Frobisherâ— strâ—igâ—tâ— Deere The first