lyeth a Buoy which lyeth from the Sporn West by South half southerly seven miles and from the Buoy of the Bull East by South four miles and a half Sonk The Sonk is a Sand that lyeth on the North side of the River almost as far down as the Sporn if going up on the South side you bring Pauls-Tower open of the Red-Cliff to the eastward then you are clear or about the Tayl of the Sonk Holms The Holms is a Sand which lyeth about a mile from the shore The East end cometh within the Tayl of the Sonk and on the West end lyeth a Buoy which beareth South a mile and half from Pauls-Church and from the Buoy of the Bull North-west by West about thirteen miles The Dogger-Bank East from the Sporn-head six leagues lyeth the westermost corner off of the Dogger-Bank from which it extendeth it self North-East by East 77 leagues the eastermost end being but 17 leagues South-west by West from Rinkopper-deep in Jutland the breadth of this Sand is 11 leagues on the westermost end hereof you will have 10 9 11 12 and 13 fathom but towards the East end 14 15 18 20 and at the Point of it 25 fathom on the North side you will have 50 46 45 40 fathom on the South side 28 and 26 fathom Crouch-Bank In the mid-way between Flamborough-head and the Naze lyeth this great Bank North by East and South by West in the Sea being in length 35 leagues the South end hereof is distant from the Dogger-bank five leagues and from Flamborrough-head North-east half easterly 39 leagues on the South end of this Bank is 22 in the middle 38 39 and on the North end 28 fathoms which beareth from the Naze W. S. W. 39 leagues The White-bank About twenty leagues North from Friezland lyeth the White-bank being in length 27 leagues and in breadth five leagues being distant from the Dogger-bank 13 leagues lying East by North and West by South in the Sea on the West end is 23 fathom and on the South end 22. The White-water North-West by West fourteen leagues from the Texel lyeth a Bank called the White-water lying North-east by East and South-west by South in the Sea being in length ten leagues on which is sixteen fathom the West end being distant from the Well seven leagues where you will have 24 and 25 fathom and between it and the Dogger-bank 27 and 28 fathom The Well North-east by North from Wintertonness about eleven leagues lyeth the Well being a large square Bank in length 13 leagues and in breadth 10 the ground whereof is very uneven where at the first cast you will have 12 the next 16 and in some places 22 fathom between it and the Dogger-Bank from which it is distant about four leagues near the said Well 30 and 24 near the Dogger 51 44 30 and 28 fathom between it and the Bread-bank 23 and 24 fathom and between it and the English shore 20 26 and 24 fathom A Description of the Sands Shoals Buoys Beacons and Sea-Marks upon the Coast of England from the Buoy of the Nower to Dover The Flats THE Flats are so called by reason of their general flatness on which you may sayl 4 or 5 miles and not alter one foot in depth In the course from the Narrow to the Red-sand you may have ten foot water to the eastward in some holes you have fifteen and sixteen foot water The Dangers that are in these Flats are discoursed of in their place for he that keeps himself on the Course that leads from the Buoy of the Wool-pack to the Buoy of the Red-sand which is North-west by West a quarter North if he take Tyde according to the draught of his Ship shall not meet with any dangers The Gilman The Gilman is a Shoal that lyeth up from the Buoy of the Spell W.N.W. about five miles and a quarter of a mile South-east by South from the East end of the Spaniard and falls dry on Spring-tydes He that keepeth in the Course that leadeth from the Buoy of the Woolpack to the Buoy of the Red-sand will not come near it This Shoal is noted in the Draught with the Letter C. The Spaniard The Spaniard is a Sand that takes its beginning from Sheppy-Island and runs down East by North until the Buoy of the Red-sand is North-west by North from the East end of it a mile and a half distance a good part of this Sand falls dry And he that keeps the West end of St. Nicholas-Wood in the Gore open to the eastwards of the Reculvers-steeple will not come near this Sand. Between this and the Red-sand runs down the first Depths where there is 5 6 7 and 8 fathoms the more to the eastward the deeper water The Red-sand and Buoy The Red-sand is very long on the East end whereof lies a Buoy to direct them clear to the North of it into the Channel betwixt this Sand and the Oaze-edge which leads towards London or downward over the Flats the North side of this Sand from the Buoy upwards is steep too but indifferent shoaling This Buoy lies from the Buoy of the Oaze-edge East half North and West Marks of the Buoy half South about three or four miles The Mark on the Land for this Buoy is to bring the Lands-end South-west and St. Nicholas-Wood open to the Reculvers or to bring the Reculvers South-east The eastermost end of this Sand lies out with two Tongues upon the northermost of which is placed a Buoy The Oaze-edge and Buoy The Oaze-edge is a Sand that lies to the northward of the Red-sand and lies E.N.E. and W.S.W. containing about 4 miles in length and half a mile in breadth The Channel betwixt this and the Red-sand is in some part more and in some less then a mile broad The South side of this Sand is steep too and the deepest part in the Channel is nine and ten fathom At the West end of it lies a Buoy and bears North by East from the Lands-end Mouse-hole Church on the North-east of Sheppy then Mouse-hole Church is open to the Eastward of the said Lands-end from this Buoy to the Buoy of the Nower the Course is West a quarter South about five miles The Spile The Spile is a small round Sand and lies almost thwart the Buoy of the Oaze-edge to the southward on the North side of the West-tayl of the Red-sand you have but six foot at low-water and lies very dangeâ—ously The Buoy of the Woolpack The Buoy of the Woolpack is the westermost Buoy in the Narrow on the North side of the Channel Marks of this Buoy and lyeth on the West Spit of the Woolpack-sand and bears from Reculvers-sleeple North by West then you have two little Hills like two Paps on the upper Land to the southwards just open and shut to the Reculvers-sleeple This Buoy is noted in the Draught with the Letter x. The Buoy of the Spell The Buoy of the Spell
down Salcomb The Start Thus sheweth the Land to the eastwards of the eastermost Point of the Start towards Salcomb when you sayl by it Plymouth N.N.W. The Start N.N.W. Thus sheweth the Start and the Land to the westwards of Plymouth when the Start is N.N.E. about two leagues and Plymouth Sound N.N.E. five or six leagues Mawstone The Start Thus sheweth the Land between the Start and Plymouth Sound when you sayl by it Thus sheweth the High-land to the eastwards of Plymouth Maker-Church Thus sheweth the Land of Ramhead to the northwards of it when you sayl into Plymouth-Sound The Deadman Ramhead Thus sheweth the Deadman and the Land to the eastwards of it when you are thwart of the Deadman 4 leagues from the Shore The Deadman when you are thwart it Thus sheweth the Land to the eastward of Falmouth when you sayl by it a league from the Shore Lizard Falmouth Deadman Thus sheweth the Land between the Deadman and the Lizard Thus sheweth the Lizard when you sayl by it Lizard Hilford Falmouth Thus sheweth the Land betwixt the Lizard and Falmouth when you are below Falmouth Thus sheweth the Lizard when it is five or six leagues East by North from you Mounts Bay The Lizard Thus sheweth the Lizard being East from you four or five leagues Thus sheweth the Land betwixt the Lizard 〈◊〉 the Lands-end when the Lizard lyeth East by North and Mounts-bay North from you Lands-end N.N.W. Mounts-bay N.E. by N. and N.N.E. Thus sheweth the Lands-end and the Land to the eastwards of it when it is N.N.W. and Mounts-bay N. E. and N.N.E. from you Thus sheweth the Lands-end when you come in right with it out of the Sea Thus sheweth the Lands-end being East from you East The Lands-end of England Thus sheweth the Lands-end when it beareth South-east by South seven or eight leagues from you and the round Hill to the northwards of the East then you may see the low Land betwixt them both Thus sheweth Silly being E.N.E. from you Thus sheweth Silly being South-east from you Thus sheweth Silly being East five or six leagues from you Thus sheweth Silly being South-west from you Of the Tydes and setting of the Currents As also what Moon maketh High-Water In Dartmouth or Torbay a West by South Moon maketh high-water Thwart the Start in the Channel a W.N.W. and S.S.E. Moon From the Start to Portland in the midst of the Channel the Flood falleth E.N.E. and the Ebb W.S.W. Thwart of Dartmouth by the Land the Flood falleth north-North-east by North and the Ebb South-west by South Thwart of Torbay towards Exmouth in the Bay the Flood falleth North east by North and the Ebb S. S. W. In Plymouth and Foy a West by South and East by North Moon maketh high-water Thwart of Foy in the Channel an E. S. E. Moon To the Sea-board of Falmouth an East by South but in Falmouth-Haven an East by North Moon At Helford and at the Lizard by the Land an E.S.E. and W.N.W. Moon maketh high-water From Ram-head to the Start by the Land within the Eddy-stone the Flood falleth E.S.E. and the Ebb W. N. W. From the Dead-man to Ram-head the Flood falleth E.N.E. and the Ebb W.S.W. From the Lizard to the Dead-man north-North-east and South-west In the Channel between the Lizard and the Start thwart of Foy. the Flood falleth East by North and the Ebb West by South In what Depths you may make the Land The Start and the Land of Dartmouth may be seen in 45 fathom When you have the high Land of Plymouth North from you you may see it in 50 fathom it is high double Land and sheweth it self in two Hills that same double high Land within the Land you may see it from thwart of Foy until you come thwart of Dartmonth The Dead-man you may see in 24 fathom off from the Lizard to the Start The Lizard you may see in 55 fathom there the Ground is white If you go from the Lizard either Southerly Easterly or Westerly it is as easie to be known for if you go Southerly you will deepen the water and come into mattered Ground after ten leagues if you go Westerly you will keep Sand st ll having deeper Water and finer Sand if you go Easterly you will have shoaler Water and grosser Sand. If you be thwart of the Start three leagues from the Shore you will have 35 fathom sandy Ground mixt with dust black like beaten Pepper The Start being North-west or thereabouts and you sayling E. N. E. or East by North you will have sandy Ground and shoaler Water Courses and Distances From Portland to St. Paul de Lyon South-west by South 40 leagues From Portland to ushant S. W. 53 leagues From Portland to Exmouth W.N.W. 13 leagues From Torbay to Dartmouth West somewhat southerly 3 or 4 leagues From Dartmouth to the Start S.W. 3 leagues From Portland to Torbay West somewhat southerly 13 or 14 leagues From Portland to Dartmouth West by South sixteen leagues From Portland to the Start W. S. W. Westerly 19 leagues From the Start to the Caskets E.S.E. 21 leagues From the Start to the Seven-Isles South by East somewhat easterly 24 leagues From the Start to St. Paul de Lyon South by West southerly 27 leagues From to Start to Ram-head W. N. W. 8 leagues From Ram-head to Love-Island W.S.W. 3 leagues From Love-Island to Foy West 2 leagues From Foy to the Dead-man South-west and South-west by West 5 leagues From the Dead-man to Falmouth West by South and W.S.W. 4 leagues From Falmouth to the Lizard South by West 4 leagues From the Start to the Eddy-stone West or a little Northerly 7 or 8 leagues From the Eddy-stone to Ram-head North a little westerly 2 leagues From Ram-head to the Dead-man W.S.W. 8 leagues From the Dead-man to the Lizard S.W. 6 leagues From the Start to the Lizard West by South 20 or 21 leagues From the Lizard to Garnsey East by South 37 leagues From the Lizard to the Seven Islands South-east by South 31 leagues From the Lizard to ushant South 29 leagues From the Lizard to Cape de Finisterre South-West 153 leagues The same course goeth about five leagues without the Cape From the Lizard to Teneriff S.S.W. 466 leagues From the Lizard to Tercera 386 leagues Latitudes  deg min. Torbay 50 42 Dartmouth 50 37 The Start 50 27 Ram-head 50 34 Falmouth 50 22 Lizard 50 10 A Tyde Table for the Channel between England and France from the Island of Silly unto the North-Foreland shewing what Moon maketh the highest Water upon the Coast and in the Harbours and how the Tyde doth set and how long it doth run to the eastward in the Channel The Names of the Ports or Head-Lands What Point the Moon is upon to make a full Sea in these Places Upon what Point of the Compass the Tyde sets to the eastwards in the Channel thwart of these Places How the Tyde sets in the Channel 4 5 or 6 leagues
and near the Land as it lyeth Silly Mounts-bay And on the Lizard S. W. by W. W. S. W. West by South E. S. E. north-North-East N. E. by East In Helford Falmouth Foy and Leme East by North. E. S. E.  Plymouth Salcomb Dartmouth and Torbay East and West S. E. by East E. by N. E.N.E. Stdmouth Exmouth Lime Portland and Weymouth East by South South-East  Pool and Needles All within the Isle of Wight â— And in Portsmouth S. E. by East In at the Needles S. E. by East In Stokes-bay S.E. And on the South side of the Land S.E. by South and Donnose S.S.E. E. N. E. At Hampton-Key within the Ouers North and South   Arundel Shoram S. E. by S. S. S. E.  At Beachy Dongeness and Rie S. E. by South South and North. South by West E. N. E. Foulston Dover and in the Downs S. S. E. S. S. W. S. W. by South N. E. by North. North-East Between Calice and Dover  South-West  On the Bank of the Goodwin-Sand  South-West by West North-East by North. North-Foreland South by East 5 leag off W. S. W. N. N. E. N. by E. An Advertisement All sorts of Mathematical Instruments and Books are Made and Sold by JOHN SELLER Hydrographer in Ordinary to the King at his Shops at the Hermitage in Wapping and in Exchange-Alley in Cornhill London Several of which follow Instruments for Navigation AZimuth Compasses Meridian Compasses Variation Compasses Equinoctial Compasses Inclinatory Needles for finding the Latitutde of a place without Observations either of the Sun Moon or Stars Davies-Quadrants Jacob-Staffs Gunters-Bows Cross-Staffs Triangular-Quadrants Hoods-Bows Almicanter-Staffs Semi-Circles Sinical-Quadrants Gunters-Rulers Plain-Scales Gunters Sliding Pocket-Compasses Universal Ring-Dyals Scale-Compasses Plat-Compasses Running-Glasses Nocturnals Gunters-Sectors all sorts of Maritine-Charts Plats and Draughts Other Mathematical Instruments Plain Tables Theodolite Circumferenter Peractor Gunters-Chain Water-Level Surveighing-Scales Protactor Gunters-Quadrant Cube-Dyals and Globe-Dylals Gaging-Rods Joynt-Rules of all sorts Brass-Compasses Post and Pocket-Dyals Telescopes Microscopes Prospective-Glasses Burning Multiplying and Magnifying-Glasses Dividers Globes Maps of the World and of particular Countreys and Atlasâ—es of all sorts both for Sea and Land Metal Concaves Mathematical Books The English Pilot In four Volumns Describing the Sea-Coasts Copes Head-lands Soundings Sands Shoals Rocks and Dangers The Bayes Roads Harbours Rivers and Ports in most of the known parts of the World Shewing the Courses and Distances from one Place to another Setting of the Tydes and Currents The Ebbing and Flowing of the Sea With new Tables of the Suns Declination and an Almanack of the Moon and a large Tyde-Table Being also furnished with new and Exact Draughts Charts and Descriptions gathered from the latest and best Discoveries that have been made by divers able and experienced Navigators of our English Nation The Coasting Pilot Describing the Sea-Coasts with the Sands Shoals Soundings Rocks and Dangers The Bayes Roads Harbours Rivers Ports Channels Buoys Beacons and Sea-marks upon the Coasts of England Holland and Flanders Shewing the Courses and Distances from one place to another Setting of the Tydes and Currents The ebbing and flowing of the Sea and Tables for the Tydes and nature of the Ground being furnished with large Charts Draughts and Descriptions of the Sands and Harbours on the said Coasts Atlas Maritimus Containing new and exact Draughts and Descriptions of the Sea-Coasts Capes and Head-lands The Roads Harbours Rivers and Ports c. Accomodated with the Hydrographical Descriptions of the Sea-Coasts in most of the known parts of the World Atlas Terrestris Containing variety of choice Maps and Descriptions of all the Empires Monarchies Kingdoms Principalities Dominions Regions and Countreys in all the known parts of the World With a Geographical Discourse of each particular Countrey Atlas Magnae Britaniae Hiberniae Containing particular Maps of all the Counties and Shires in the Kingdom of England Scotland Ireland and the Principality of Wales Accommodated with a Discourse of the Natural Rataties of each County in the same Atlas Civitatum Urbium Containing the Sight and Prospect of the most famous Cities and Towns in the World With a Discourse of the Original Rise with the Customs Manners and Government of each City Atlas Coelestis Containing General and Particular Descriptions and Figures of each Constellation in the Heavens Also the Faces and Appearances of every Planet and Representation of the three Systems of Ptolomy Tycho and Copernicus With a Discourse relating to the same Practical Navigation Or an Introduction to the whole Art the Second Edition Containing many Useful and Geometrical Definitions and Problems The Doctrine of Plain and Spherical Triangles Plain Mercator great Circle-Sayling Sundry useful Problems in Astronomy the use of Instruments the Azimuth Compass Ring-Dyal Variation-Compass the Fore-staff Quadrant-Plow Cross-Bow-Quadrant Removing-Quadrant Nocturnal and Moon-Dyal the Plain Scale Gunters-Scale Sinical-Quadrant Plain-Chart Merchaters-Chart both Globes the Inclinatory Needle and the Virtues of the Load-stone Useful Tables of the Moons Age of the Tydes of the Suns Place and Declination of the Stars right Ascention and Declination the Latitude and Longitude of Places New Traverse Tables and their use in keeping a Reckoning at Sea The Description and Use of the Triangular-Quadrant Being a Particular and General Instrument useful at Land or Sea both for Operation Observation more universally useful portable convenient than any other yet discovered With its Uses in Arithmetick Geometry Superficial and Solid Astronomy Dyalling three wayes Gaging Navigation in a method not before used Memorial Verses on the Ecclesiastical and Civil Calender with an Epitomy of the Heavenly Motions Examen Examinatum or Wings Examination of Astronomia Carolina examined A Chart of the Channell of Bristoll from Silly to St Daâ—â—ds head in Wales and stretching over to the River of Waterford in Ireland discovering all the Roads 〈◊〉 Harbors Depeths and Soundings upon the said Coasts newly Corrected and Published by John Seller And are to be Sold at his Shop at the Signe of the Marrinors Compass at the Hermitage 〈◊〉 in Wapping
shoalings on both sides it lyeth E. S. E. five leagues from Orford Church and Castle Bearings of the Gabard The Depths between this Sand and Orford-Ness is near 18 19 and 20 fathom only a mile W.N.W. from the North end of it we had two casts off 27 fathom The South end of it by judgment lies from the North end of the Galloper nine or ten miles South-East by South and North-west by North. The Depths betwixt this Sand and the North end of the Galloper were 14 15 16 17 and 18 fathom Kentish-Knock The Kentish-Knock is a Sand the body whereof lies five miles South from the Long-sand-head and is three miles in length North-east and South-west and in breadth two miles North-west and South-east This Sand hath the resemblance of an Oval and hath a Ridge in the middle from North-west to South-east on which there is but six foot at low-water To the North-east and South-west of this Ridge there is 18 10 12 14 and 15 foot as you are near the ends of it and it is steep too round about Between this and the Long-sand is a Channel near two miles broad where there is twelve and thirteen fathom from the South-west and North-east end of this shoal runs a Ridge more then a mile to the North-east and South-west on which there is 5 6 7 8 9 and 10 fathom and off either side more water South by East from the Long-sand-head you will go to the eastwards of this shoal To the E. S. E. of this you will quickly come in 15 17 19 and 20 fathom water Bearings of the Kentish-Knock The body of this Knock lies from St. Peters Church on the North-Foreland N. N. E. three degrees East fifteen miles the north-North-east end of the Knock and the Long-sand-head bears South by East and North by West A Note to know the Knock from the Long-sand To know when you are near the Knock or Long-sand-head is thus When you are near the Knock you shall see the Land of the North-Foreland very plain but when you are at the Long-sand-head you will hardly see the Land except it be very clear weather or unless you go up the shrouds At the Knock you may see it plainly on the Deck Pan-Sands These are a heap of small Sands of divers shapes lying at the South-west end of the Long-sand which dries at low-water and hath some water ranning betwixt them but no passage for ships one of which Sands joyns to the South-west end of the Girdler and lies up from it W. S. W. in length two miles and a half and makes the entrance into the Black-deeps where the Channel is but half a mile broad and 10 11 and 12 fathom water The rest of these Pan-sands lie E.S.E. from this four miles and then trend away North-east five miles and a half even with the Long-sand and to it These Sands are noted in the Draught with the Letter E. The Girdler The Girdler is a Sand that lies South-west from the Long-sand and spits home to it it lies North-east by East and South-west by West it is four miles and a half long and half a mile broad being steep too on the North-west side where there is 12 15 16 fathom water From the North-east end of this Sand to the South-westward the Channel grows narrower and narrower This Sand is noted in the Draught with the Letter D. The Long-Sand The Long-sand is properly so called by reason of its great length containing fifteen miles and a half in breadth it is from one mile to two and lies North-east by East and South-west by West On the North-west side it is steep too having in most places ten fathom close to it But at the North-east end which is called Long-sand-head is good shoaling lying off a mile N.E. but in nine fathom the South-east side not so deep you may sayl along it in 4 5 and 6 fathom Much of this Sand dries at three quarters Ebb and in some parts of it there is long narrow swatches two or three one by another Long sand Head which run upward and downward as the Sand lies in which at low-water was three and four fathoms the Ridges between are dry The Head of this Sand bears from St. Peters Church on the North-Foreland S. S. W. and N. N. E. about twenty miles and from the Naze E. S. E. five degrees South 17 miles and from the South end of the Galloper West five degrees South Bearings of the Long-sand about eleven miles and from the North end of the Falls it bears North-west by North about sixteen miles At the Head of this Sand it flows North and South and the Flood and Ebb sets on several Points of the Compass The Shivering-Sand The Shivering-sand runs up to the South-west from Knock-John and lyeth North-east and South-west being in length about seven miles and in breadth a mile running away sharp at both ends and rounding on the North-west side where you have 8 9 and 10 fathom close to it on the South side 10 and 12 fathoms and in the middle between it and the Girdler there is 12 13 14 and 15 fathoms From the South-west end of this to the Buoy of the Red-sand is three miles W.S.W. and E.N.E. and from the North-west end of the Mouse to this Sand is four miles and a half East by South and West by North and from the South-west end of this to the South-west end of the West-Barrows is two miles and one third N.N.W. S.S.E. and from the South-west end of this to the South-west end of the Pan-sands is half a mile South by East and North by West Knock-John Kneck-John is a Sand that lies at the Southwest end of the Sunk lying North-east by East and South-west by West and is in length about six miles and a mile broad in the middle growing narrower towards each end and runs up with a Tayl on the North-west side of the Shivering-sand where there is a small swatch that parts them but is not navigable This Sand is winding and sharp at both ends the North-east end tayling on the South-west side of the Sunk A great part of this Sand dries at half-tyde and is steep too on both sides having ten fathom close to it Betwixt this and the Long-sand the Channel is a mile and three-quarters broad and betwixt this and the East-Barrows it is a mile broad The Sunk The Sunk is a Sand that lyeth on the North side of the Long-sand Bearings of the Sunk whose North-east ends do bear one from the other E. S. E. and W. N. W. about two or three miles distant between them both enters the Channel called the Black-deeps where there is 11 12 13 14 Black-deeps 15 fathom water and ten fathom close to the Sands on both sides This Sand lyeth North-east by East and South-west by West about eight miles and a half the West end running a little on the North-west side of
this Bank lyeth in the Sea North-east by East about nine miles being very narrow on which you have five and fix fathom on the middle of it Southeast by East from the Haven of Newport lyeth a Ridge whereon there is scarce three foot at low-water being sometimes dry Ships that will go before Dunkirk and cannot get alongst by Flanders must run about without these Banks until they come against Broad-Bank and then run in alongst between it and the Stone-Bank in 5 6 7 8 9 and 10 fathom Stroome-Bank The Stroome-Bank lyeth before Newport about four miles from the shore whereon you have two and three fathom water within and without it you have 9 8 and 7 fathom and at each end 5 and 6 fathom The Mark for the South-west end of it Is to bring the Town of Suern South by East from you and so steer through between it and the Stone-Bank in 5 and 6 fathom The Geer The Geer is a Bank that lyeth alongst the Land from Ostend to Dunkirk whereon there is but two fathom and two and a half between it and the Land goeth a Channel of 7 8 and 9 fathom from which it is distant about a mile Boon-Land Boon-Land is a Bank which lyeth East from Ostend about four miles distant whereon is but two and two fathom and a half at low-water between it and the Geer is a Channel of 5 7 and 8 fathom half a league from the North end hereof lyeth two or three small Banks whereon you have but two two and a half and three fathom Peerdemart and Hart-Sand Peerdemart and Hart-sand are Banks which joyn together lying alongst the Coast Peerdemart at the entrance into the Sluys the Hart-sand endeth about a league North-west from Ostend which is almost fix leagues and a half on these Sands there is but two two and a half and three fathom within it you have 3 4 and 5 fathom Inner-Bank Inner-Bank lyeth off Gad-sand a mile and half from the shore it lyeth South-west by West two leagues whereon there is but 1 and 1 fathom and a half when Nasson and the Castle of the Sluys are in one then are you thwart the middle of it when the Castle of the Sluys bears South then are you clear the East end and may steer your course for Flushing when the West Chappel and the Knock are both in one then are you clear of the South end on the inner side hereof lyeth the Channel called the Inner-Weelings and on the outside the Weelings Heist-Bank Ripthart-Sand and Utter-Bank The Heist Ripthart and Utter-Bank joyn together being all in length about eight leagues and a half when the Castle of Sluyes is South from you then are you clear of the East end of Heist-sand when the West Chappel and the Knock are brought in one then are you thwart of the Ridge of it called Engelse-Ridge this Sand is in some places a mile broad having no more than two and two fathom and a half at low-water The Ripthart is a narrow Bank whereon there is 2 3 4 5 6 fathom the Utter-Bank in the middle joyns to the Ripthart lying in the Sea South-west by South and North-east by North in length two leagues whereon you have 7 6 4 and 3 fathom The Mark for the South-west end of it is to bring the Steeple of Geer on the South-west end of Ostend then are you thwart it but when Oudenburg is on the North-east end of the Town then are you clear of it Drooge Drooge is a Bank which lyeth from the Sluyes Northwest distant from the Shore about three leagues lying in the Sea E.N.E. and W.S.W. being in length two leagues and a half and in breadth one mile and a half the East end hereof is dry at low-water When Nassan and Sluyes Castle are both in one then are you clear of it On the West end of this Bank is a Shoal whereon is but 1 fathom and a half and two fathom when West Chappel is South-east by South from you then are you thwart of it but when West Chappel and the Knock are in one then are you clear of it Small Bank Small-bank almost joyneth to the North end of the Utterbank it lyeth in the Sea N. E. by North in length almost three leagues whereon is seven and eight fathom the North end lyeth from the Sluce South-east by East four leagues White-Bank White-bank lyeth between Ostend and the Sluce distant from theshore four leagues and a half it lyeth in the Sea North-east and South-west in length three leagues and a half The Water on it is 9 8 7 9 8 11 fathom deep Easter-Bank Easter-bank lyeth without White-bank distant about a league between which goeth the Channel Den Hekelag This Bank lyeth almost parallel to the other being in length five leagues whereon you have 4 5 7 8 9 10 11 13 14 15 fathom Stone-Bank Stone-bank lyeth off Walcheren distant from the shore three great leagues when the Steeple of Midleborrough and Domburge are one in the other then are you thwart of it When Buyenskerk and West-Chappel in Walcheren are both in one then are you clear of the South-west end when Middleborrough lyeth South-East from you then are you clear of the North-east end this Bank is in length two leagues North-east and South-West being very dangerous there being on it but two and three fathom Geer The Geer is a little Bank which lyeth on the South-West side of Walcheren being distant from the shore about a mile you may go within it in four five and six fathom by keeping the Town of Flushing shut with the Land Eastern and Northern Rases Off from West-Chappel a mile from the shore lyeth a great Bank whereon are two Rases which fall dry at low-water called the Eastern and Northern Rases St. Anna bearing South by East from you carries you clear the out-side of it and the aforesaid mark of the Geer will carry you clear on the inner side until West-Chappel be North-east from you then follow the directions for Land-deep Calloert and Querns Calloert and Querns are two Banks which lie on the North-west side of Walcheren being half a mile distant one from the other and also from the Northern Rase of the foresaid Banks the Querns at low water is dry in many places the Calloert also hath but three foot water between these go a Channel of five and six fathom called the East-gat Banjaert Banjaert alias Kanteyn-steyl is a great Bank which bendeth it self towards Walcheren from which the West end is distant almost two leagues the East end is distant from the Land about two mile from whence it runneth East by South almost four mile in which space there lyeth four Buoys the conver side lyeth along by Schowen between it and the Land lyeth a small Bank whereon there is a Buoy at each end this Bank falleth dry at low-water in many places a Cables length from the West end hereof lyeth two small Shoals called Rifgens to
avoid which Keep East-Chappel and Middleborrough one in the other which mark will carry you clear New-Sand New-sand lyeth from the West part of Schowen half a mile from the shore and runneth off W. N. W. five mile between Banjaert and it runneth a Channel called the Velt half a mile broad where there is 1 and a half 2 and 3 fathom at low-water This Sand in some places will be dry at low-water The Hill The Hill is a Bank which lyeth on the North side of New-sand between which runneth a Channel called New-deep where you will have three and two fathom On this Bank there is but 6 and 8 foot Ourust Ourust is a triangular Sand the East corner whereof is distant from the West side of North-Beveland about the third part of a mile the West corner lyeth from the Buoy of the Little Sand called the Shoots-man half a mile on the North corner which runneth out into the Channel called the Room-pot there lyeth a Buoy in 1 fathom and a half water on the side of this Sand half a mile distant one from the other lyeth two other Buoys to direct men which go up the Channel This Sand is dry in many places The Shoots-man The Shoots-man is a little Sand which lyeth on the East side of Walcheren being distant from Terveer about a mile and is two mile in length lying close by the Shore on the North-west end there lyeth a Buoy from which to the Point of Walkeren there lyeth three others South-east by South and North-west by North one from the other These Buoys lie in four and six fathom water The Laegten The Laegten is a Sand which lyeth between Schowen and Goeree on the South side thereof lyeth 3 Buoys East and West one from the other the West end where of is distant from the Hill about a mile and half The mark for this end Is to keep Rimse on the Cliff of Weolsack and it will carry you through clear of the said end between which you will have 17 18 19 and 20 fathom to go clear of the corner at the East-head the Buoys are sufficient marks which course will also carry you clear the West end and also of the Hill in some places of this Sand you will have but three and four fathom in other places 11 and 12 fathom This Sand is in length two leagues and a half bending to the northward both sides being steep too having within 12 and 14 fathom and without 12 14 and 16 fathom Springer Springer is a Bank which all times is almost dry and joyneth on the West side to the Laegten from the South-east side runneth out a tayl two mile into the Sea the point whereof is distant from the mouth of Browers-Haven North-west almost three mile The Mark to go clear of it Is to bring Ziericzea and East-street which is a House to the westward of Browers-Haven both in one and will lead you in the best of the Channel where you will have 10 20 and 24 fathom but if you go within between Schownen and it keep the Town of Bomment East by South which will carry you directly to the westermost Buoy within the Laegten Keet-werf Keet-werf is the westermost point of the Land Geeree from which runeth off a small tayl four mile into the Sea called West-head being distant from Laegten not above half a mile it is steep too having seven and eight fathom close to it The Mark for the Point of it Is to bring Ziericzea on the West end of a Wood. which will carry you clear of it The Hinder The Hinder is a crooked Sand which lyeth on the North side of the Goeree bending with the Land in some places distant above a mile in other some less where you will have at the eastermost point 18 fathom and in the Channel 20 30 40 and 50 fathom it is in length two leagues and a half on the East end you have but two fathom but the farther to the West the deeper water at the West end you will have twenty fathom West-Plat West-Plat is a Shoal that runneth out from the West end of Voeren about four mile into the Sea being distant from the Hinder about two thirds of a league on it there is but 3 5 and 10 fathom the Channel between it and the Hinder is 9 10 and 12 fathom The marks for it Is to keep the Steeple of Quack just open of the Land and it will carry you through in the best of the Channel The Broad-fourteens The Bread-fourteens so called by reason of the breadth and depth of water upon it which in most places is 14 fathom it joyneth with the Land beginning at Scheveling and runneth off W. N. W. almost five leagues then N. W. by North nine leagues from thence N.E. by North 23 leagues which is the very point of it where you have 18 fathom which lyeth from the Texel 8 leagues it extendeth it self from Scheveling on the Coast northward 5 leagues or within a league and half of Santâ—â—â—rt from which it runneth with a concavity to the said point The Hard Outer-Rib Small-acht These are three small Sands which run into the Bread-fourteens the Hard is a little to the northward of Stantvoort and runneth off South-west six leagues whereon you have 3 5 7 and 8 fathom the Rib and Small-acht and it are parallel one to the other Small-acht beginning at Egmont-zee and runneth off into the Broad-fourteens distant from the Outer-Rib about four miles between these Sands the Channel is 6 7 8 and 10 fathom Reysers-Plat Keysers-Plat is a Sand which lyeth a league from the West end of the Texel on which side there lyeth five Buoys to direct men through the Channel called the Spaniard Channel called the Slenk near the Texel through the middle hereof goeth a Channel called the Slenk which is very narrow wherein you have 27 fathom in the said Channel there lyeth fix Buoys that Sand which is on the other end of this Channel reacheth within a mile or less of the Land of Holland between goeth a Channel called Sand-deep wherein there is three Buoys this Sand is steep too for without it you have 48 fathom and at the N. W. corner 90 within it is 30 and 33 fathom Vogel-Sand Vogel-sand lyeth between the Texel and Wieringen being two leagues broad the North side is distant from the Texel a mile and half on the North corner lyeth a Buoy to direct you through the Channel where you will have 70 80 and 90 fathom on the N.E. side standeth three Beacons by which you will have 40 and 50 fathom from the Ness-beacon this Sand runneth South five mile to the Uliter-beacon from which it runneth West to Repel-beacon being four great mile from which it runneth N. N. W. four miles and a half and from thence E.N.E. three mile which is the Buoy beforesaid which Buoy lyeth from the eastermost point of the Texel S.S.E. a mile and half Schieringhalls
Schieringhalls is a Sand that lyeth along by the Fly-land there being a Channel between them but not navigable on the N. E. side standeth five Beacons and on the East point thereof which is four mile and a half S.S.E. half easterly from the fly-Fly-land lyeth a Buoy about three Cables length S. E. from which lyeth another on the side of this Sand which lyeth South standeth six Beacons it being five miles in length then it runneth S. W. by West 4 miles from thence N. W. by West 6 mile from whence it goeth N. W. being concave four mile which Point is called the Pan from which it runneth by the aforesaid Fly land to the first Beacon which course is E.N.E. almost 4 leagues the said Point or Pau lyeth from the West end of Eyerland S.S.E. a great mile Bree-Sand Bree-sand is separated from Schieringhals with a small Channel from the Buoy on the tayl of the foresaid Sand to Claes-Owens Beacon the course is S. S. E. distant four miles and a half between which you will have 40 and 48 fathom from which to a Beacon that stands on the Hook of this Sand the course is S. S. E. a mile from which Beacon to the tayl of the Sand the course is South three great leagues in which space on the edge of the Sand there standeth four Beacons from which tayl it runneth N. E. by East about two leagues rounding about until it run North which will bring you to a Buoy on the N. W. corner not above half a mile from the South Point of the Shieringhals Langer-Sand Langer-sand hath on the North side of the Head of it three Buoys which lie one from the other S. E. by South and N. W. by West This Sand lyeth within the Island Grind and the N. E. side of Bree-sand the East side is distant from Harling half a mile Hendrick-Traerts Plat. Hendrick-Traerts Plat is a Shoal which lyeth off from the Island Grind having a Buoy at the South Point of it being distant not above two Cables length from Langer-sand the East Point hereof runneth from the Island about 2 mile being distant from Harling N. E. by North a mile and half Schorre-Ground Schorre-ground lyoth without between the Schelling and fly-Fly-land and falleth dry at low-water on either side of it you have 30 40 and 60 fathom within it on the North end of the Fly-land lyeth another dry Plat which extendeth it self from the Shore about two mile between this and the foresaid Plat Westerbâ—ems-Gat goeth the Westerbooms-Gat to the southward of those are two other Plats but there is Buoys and Marks to direct you clear of them all The Abdt. The Abdt is a Sand which lyeth within the Schelling there is a Channel but not navigable it is two mile distant from the Land and about a mile from the Grind. Camper-Sand Camper-sand lyeth between the Schelling and Ameland distant from Friesland about a mile which falleth almost all dry at low-water between it and the Horse goeth a Channel called Cromme Born-Riff Born-Riff is a Sand which lyeth without Camper-sand between which goeth the Channel called Ameland-Gat Ameland-Gat where there are Buoys to carry you through The Watt. The Watt is a Sand which lyeth on the South side of Rottum Wester-Emes on the East side thereof goeth up the Weser-Emes in which Channel there lyeth a little Sand called Hubers-Plaet at the tayl whereof lyeth a Buoy on the South side stand four Beacons from the westermost Beacon you may direct your course West and sayl into the Channel which goeth up to Eastmerhorn Ruyt-Sand From the going in of the Wester-Emes all alongst the Coast of Grâ—eninger-land there lyeth a Flat a great league from the Shore on the East side viz. in the Wester-Emes there lyeth many Buoys and Beacons against the second Buoy above Hubers-Plant lyeth the point of a Sand where a Swatch goeth in on each side which Sand is called Ruyt-sand on whose Point standeth a Beacon Ransel Ransel is a Shoal which lyeth on the South side of Borcom and runneth S. E. five miles on the S. E. end of it standeth four Beacons the Western and Eastern-Emes go upon each side of it at the Point of Borcom lyeth two small Sands the one called Brewers-Plaet whereon standeth a Buoy the other the back of Hogebeern whereon standeth a Beacon near the S. E. end on the said side lyeth another small Sand called Cornix-Plaet where there is a Buoy to direct you clear of it On the West side of the said Island of Borcom runneth off a Shoal West three leagues and a half Borcom-Riff and the outmost end whereof you have four and five fathom on the South side of the Point hereof lyeth a little Sand called Geltsack between which at your first entrance you will have five fathom and at the going in of the Wester-Emes eight fathom Scuyt-Sand Scuyt-sand is a Shoal which lyeth on the Coast of Emderland from Greitzyl unto Betroen on the North side hereof standeth four Beacons Leysand Leysand beginneth at Groetzyl and runneth alongst the said Coast of Emderland until you come to Westerbreeck on the eastermost Beacon which standeth on Scuyt-sand there runneth in a small Channel which runneth down to Norden on the North side thereof at the entrance standeth also four Beacons to direct you through Bandt Bandt is a Flat which joyneth to Juyst and runneth as far as the little Island Bursen and runneth along by the Easter-Emes South two leagues on which side there are many Swatches at the South-west corner of it there is a small Island whereon standeth two Beacons to direct you through from the Easter to the Wester-Emes On the South side of this Sand standeth also four Beacons to direct you through a Channel which goeth between Lâ—ysand and it from the North-west side of the Island Juyst runneth off a Riff called Juyster-Riff three leagues West into the Sea Juyster-Riff whereon you have three fathom at the end hereof is the entrance in of the Emes Watt. The Watt is a Shoal which beginneth at the Voer and endeth at Westerbreeck joyning every where to the Shore wherein are many Swatches without which there are Shoals belonging to every Island viz. Norderny Baltrum Langerâ—â—gh Spikerâ—â—gh and Wrangerâ—ogh where are Channels going in between every one of them and also a Channel between the Watt and them on the in-side of Wrangeroog on the side of its Shoal standeth eight Beacons called the Beacons of Wadt and also on the North-west side lyeth two Buoys likewise On the East side of the said Watt standeth six Beacons to direct you up Stonebalg The Old-Doge The Old-Ooge is a Sand which lyeth on the East side of Watt distant a mile and half by the North Point hereof runneth up the Channel called the Weser Rode-Sand Rode-sand lyeth North-east from Wrangeroog almost two leagues it lyeth in the Sea North-west by West and South-east by East in length four miles and a half on
the Mase as soon as you are past that keep strait to the Schtedams-head there you have the deepest water To sayl into the Mase with a northerly Wind. But if you will sayl in the Mase with a northerly wind you must keep the upper Wall that so you may have the smoothest deepest water for by the North Wall there goes in a depth where a full foot of water and more is then by the buoys above written and is called Everskill to reach this you must bring the outermost Beacon in the Brill and keep it so standing till you bring two bushes of Trees on the North side East of it that is about a Musquet-shot northwards the outermost buoy bring the most northerly Bush in with Delfs-Steeple so are you then on the North side of Everskill and the southerly Bush to the Eâ—er then are you on the South side of Everskill then keep so long between both the Beacons then are you right over against the Hompel then run again to the Land of the Brill either to the Pit or the aformentioned Southern-Gat The Goerees-Gat Betwixt the Land of the Brill and Geeree goeth in also 2 Channels the northermost is called the Quackaeeps and is not for great Ships but onely for Smacks and small Ships the other the Goerees-Gat betwixt these two Channels lyeth a great Plat called the Hinder which at low-water is not deeper than 5 6 and 7 foot to the northwards of it goeth in the Quacks-deep and the southwards of it the Goerees-Gat For to find the Quacks-deep coming in out of the West You must keep the Steeple of the Brill East from you and run so in until that a great Countrey House which you shall see stand alone a little within the Point of the Quack come to the southermost Sand-hills of the Land of the Brill which shall then bear near about East from you keep that then so standing and come so right in until that Oostvâ—â—rn come to the westermost or southermost Sand-hills then come in alongst by the Strand somewhat more southerly until that Goeree come to the eastwards or within the Sand-hills then you shall be past the East Point of the Hinder which the Pilots call the Buoyen run then towards Goeree or the eastwards to Helleveet-Sluce where you desire to be For to sayl in at the Goeree-Gat You must bring the Steeple of Goeree and the Cape upon the Land of Goeree one in the other and then they shall bear Fast by South and E. S. E. from you or if you cannot see the Cape then bring the Steeple East by South or E.S.E. from you according as you shall have the wind sayl in right with it until you come hard aboard the Strand and within a Bowls cast in alongst by it East by North and East in so long until that the Land do fall away more to the southwards thereabouts runneth off from the Shore a little Tayl which you may sayl within in going out but not in coming in there you must edge a little further from the Shore being past that luff up again towards the Shore or Haven of Goeree and anchor there before it or else if you will run up the Hellevoet-Sluce then bring the Mill which standeth to the westwards of Goeree a little to the northwards of the Steeple of Goeree keep them so standing and sayl so up to Hellevoet-Sluce and you shall not come near the Plat which lyeth over against or to the southwards of Hellevoet-Sluce When you sayl in at the Goeree-gat with a bare southerly wind and that you cannot bring the Cape and Steeple one in the other you may bring the Steeple wel E. S. E. or a great Capstane bars length to the northwards of the Cape and then run on until you come over against the Strand and so you shall run over the Tayl of the Hinder in 14 and 15 foot at low-water but when the Cape and Steeple are one in the other you shall not have less than 19 or 20 foot being come over the Tayl of the Hinder in the right depth it is 6 7 and 8 fathom deeper water A little within the Cape or almost thwart of it is the narrowest of the Channel further in it is wide on the side towards the Hinder it is rising Ground but the south shore alongst by the Strand is very steep To sayl in at the Brewers-Haven Before the Land of Scowen thwart of the Brewers-Haven-Channel lie 3 Banks the outermost called the Bree-bank lyeth a kenning without the Land upon which it is 7 fathom deep and again within it 10 fathom deep upon the second near the Shore it is 5 fathom deep and again within it is 7 fathom The third called the Ooster lyeth close by the Land and runneth into the castwards betwixt Schowen and the Land of Goeree upon it is no more than 6 foot water When you would sayl into the Channel of Brewers-Haven you must go about to the westwards of it Upon the West end of Schowen stand two Capes bring them one in the other and run so right in with them until the Steeple of the Remisse which Steeple is somewhat sharp come to the Blenck or Wâ—â—lsack that is a high white Sand-hill which sheweth it self out in Whiteness high above all the other Sand-hills then leave the Capes and run in by the marks of the Blenck and Remisse until that Outdrop a little white Steeple upon the Land of Goeree come to the Steeple of Gâ—â—ree and so you shall go in betwixt the Ooster of the Larboard-side and the Hill on the Starboard-side and alongst a little to the southward of the outermost Buoy until you come within the Ooster When Outdrop and Geeree are one in the other then leave also the aforesaid marks of Remisse and run in right with Goeree until you come by the second Buoy or if there lie no Buoys until that Bommence come a little without the Oxe-Tayl that is a Point of Schowe lying out a little to the westwards of Brewers-Haven sayl so right in until you are past the Brewers-Haven This Channel of Brewers-Haven is a broad and deep Channel very convenient for great Ships he that must turn in or out to windwards may run alongst a good way on boch sides as well of the outermost as the second Buoy but to the southward of them it is deepest and the common Fair-way The third Buoy is a Buoy with a Tayl and lyeth upon a Point of a Tayl off from the Ooster which you may not go to the northwards of until you be very close alongst by it All alongst by the Strand of Schowen it is very deep and steep you may run close by it from the outermost Buoy unto Brewers-Haven there is nothing that can hurt you the shoalest of this Channel is 18 or 19 foot at least a league without the Land in the coming in betwixt the Ooster and the Hill further inwards it is 4 5 6 and 7
about seven eight or nine fathom according as the Tyde is this Sand is steep also so that if the wind be northerly that you are forced to run down stand not over to that Sand until your water shoal for you shall have eight or nine fathom and the next cast aground but you may stand over to the westward Middle-ground into five or six fathom East-Barrow-head the North end of the eastermost Middle-ground doth tayl or joyn to the East-barrow-head and there it is flat with a tayl a good length over to the northwards The North-east Flat lyeth near Northwest from the Buoy of the Buxey and then the Trees on the North side do bear North-weft from you When you are thwart of the Buoy of the Spits and Buxey Spits Buâ—y you may steer out North-east by East down the Kings Channel or if the wind will give you leave to borrow upon the Gunfleet in seven or eight fathom water then that depth will lead you down to the Buoy at the East end of the Gunfleet Also by this means you shall be sure to keep clear of the Middle-ground that lyeth between the Gunfleet and the eastward Sand which is called the Heaps which at low-water hath but ten foot in some places This Middle-ground reacheth a great length when you are at the South end of it the Naze-land will bear North from you and Orfordness N. N. E. When you are at the North-east end of this Sand then you will be thwart of the Buoy on the North end of the Gunfleet and Harwich Church will be open and shut of Harwich Cliff from whence if you be bound for the North-foreland you may steer E. N. E. and East by North till you bring the naze-Naze-land to bear W. N. W. from you and then you may be sure you are northward of the tayl of the Sonk but if the wind be southerly borrow close aboard the tayl of the Sonk Other directions for the Swin and so through the Kings-Channel towards the Downs When you come down as low as the Whitaker then take heed and keep the shoaling thereof until you are two miles below it then you come to the shoaling of the Middle-ground Middle-Ground which is steep too for if you do turn down you must about when you come to ten fathom water because it is narrow and so the shoaling of the Middle-ground doth continue till you come down as low as the Buoy of the Spits Buoy of the Spits The Channel begins to be broader and if the wind be so that you must turn be sure to keep hold of the Gunfleet Gun-fleet but if the wind be fair that you may lead it run down in the shoaling of the Gunfleet till you bring the Naze N.N.W. and then go thence north-North-east by East also that it will lead you clear of the Sonk and go still that course till you have brought the naze-Naze-land W. N. W. or West by North. The Sonk doth lie from the Naze north-North-east and South-west so that if you bring the naze-Naze-land to lie West by North you may be bold to go a more easterly course until you come to sixteen or eighteen fathom for fourteen or fifteen fathom will go hard by the Kentish-Knock Kentish-Knock Note also that you may see the Trees over the Naze when you cannot see the Naze The Kentish-Knock doth lie from the Long-sand-head Long-sand-head three or four miles E.S.E. And when you have the aforesaid sixteen fathom then you may judge the Naze-Land to be W. N. W. or West by North then go thence S.S.W. upon an Ebb and upon a flood South or S.S.E. as the Wind is or the weakness of the Tyde so must you work and that will carry you clear with the North-Foreland and if you go about the North-sand-head or about all or the Goodwin then you must keep more easterly North-sand-head and note that the North-sand-head and the Long sand-head lyeth South and North and the Kentish-Knock lyeth from the North-foreland North by East and South by West there is nothing between Marget-sand and the North-foreland and therefore you need not fear And as I said before to go about the Goodwin run off till you come to 26 or 30 fathom for 18 or 20 fathom goeth near the Sand and so run in this depth until you have brought the Land of Dover open of the South Foreland then you may be bold to hale in with the Foreland there is nothing between the Goodwin and Marget-sand or North-foreland to fear To sayl unto Cowen and Malden-Water When you are at the Buoy of the Spits Spits your course is W.N.W. in four or five fathom as the Wind serves for the Ebb setteth upon a Shoal that lyeth to the Eastward called the Eagle Eagle and the Tyde of Flood setteth on a Shoal called the Knowl Knowl and is to the westward of your going in and you may run down to the southward borrowing in five fathom upon the Main until you bring Banbury-land which is the high Land that lies above Malden a Sayls breadth open with Bradwell-point which Mark will bring you between the Eagle and the Knoul and run with these Marks until you bring a Steeple that stands on the North shore open of the red Cliffs end and so run with these marks open and shut North up Marzey-Block-House until you come to Marzey Black-house and there you may come to an anchor in six or seven fathom water Directions to sayl into Harwich coming from the southwards If you come from the southward keep Harwich-Steeple open a good birth off the Cliff end and on the North end keep Farberry Clifts open of the Beach on the East fide and so you may go in bearing close by the Beach for fear of the Altar Altar which lies within a Cables length of the Beach and so you may go along clear keeping by the Beach till you come to the Werebere-head and then you may steer up with Ipswich-water and anchor with Harwich S. S. W. in five or six fathom water and the higher up the better ground till you bring the Town South of you Other Directions for Harwich coming from the Northwards When you come from the northward and are shot past the Whiting as far as Bawdsey-Cliff keep Orford Church and Castle open of the Cliff and that will carry you clear of the Andrews and then when you see the Light-Houses bring them one into another and get into four or five fathom-water or somewhat more towards high-water then run in about by the Point The Channel lyeth in due North but in the midst of the Havens lyeth a sunken Rock called the Altar which you must avoid by sayling on either side by one Shore or the other but along by the East Shore is best being within it you cannot sayl amiss or take hurt except you run against the Shore There you may anchor all over where
you please before the Town in four five six or seven fathom-water or you may go further into the Bight for it is every where clean Other directions to sayl into Harwich The Mark in this Channel to sayl into Harwich is to keep the top of Harwich Steeple half way betwixt the Fire-beacon on Harwich and the North end of the Cliff or the lower Light-house a little open of the North end of Harwich Cliff and so sayl in N. N. W. keeping those marks so till you come within half a mile of Harwich Cliff then bear to the North-eastwards so far till you bring the body of the Church open to the northwards of the Cliff then edge toward Land-guard-Fort till you bring both the Light-houses in one then run in with them so till you see your self within the South Point of the Andrews which you shall know by having Bawdsey Church open and shut on the Land to the Southwards of Bawdsey or if there be any Sea or half-tyde the Andrews is plain to be seen then you must edge near to the Beach where the Fort stands to shun the Altar another Shoal that lyeth directly against the Fort. To sayl out of Harwich In the North Channel you may sayl out as is before described in the going in till you come without the Fort then bring the two Light-houses into one and so sayl out till you bring the Steeple open of the Land to the southward of Bawdsey-Cliff then are you clear of the Andrews and Ridge then steer North-east by East until you bring Harwich-Church on the North side of a black House called the Brew-house which stands a little to the northward of Landguard-Fort keeping them marks so standing until you bring Bawdsey-Church open a little to the northward of the North end of Bawdsey-Cliff then are you open of the Sledway Between Alborough and Dunwich half way lyeth a Wood which is high at both ends and the midst low in form of a Saddle this you shall commonly see first when you fall with the Land thereabouts and is the best to know the Coast 〈◊〉 for the Land without and to the southwards is very low and shingly ground about two leagues to the southward of Alborough lyeth Orfordness between them both there standeth two Woods which sheweth at a distance like Castles and Towers on Orfordness standeth a flat Steeple and a broad Castle which hath also a thick flat Steeple almost in fashion like the Steeple of Ranop open above with Holes in it like Bell-holes before Dunwich you may anchor there is good lying in eight or nine fathom water somewhat soft ground Before Alborough is the best Road of all the Coast thereabouts in six or seven fathom To know Bawdsey Oasly and Alterton Churches Bawdsey-Church is the highest and biggest Steeple being flat at top as the others are it stands to the south-wards of all the rest a mile from the Shore Oasly-Church hath a flat large Steeple but is lower than the other two and stands a mile to the northwards of Bawdsey-Steeple three quarters of a mile from the Sea Alterton-Steeple stands to the northwards of Oasly-Church a mile and a half it is a very high square Steeple but much smaller than the other two and stands about a mile from the Sea To sayl out of the Sledway to the North-Foreland First Bring the North end of Bawdsey-Cliff North-West from you then shall you see a flat Steeple right with a Cliff which you must keep on or a little open of the Cliff-end until you bring Beamont-Tree on the naze-Naze-land W. N. W. and then you may steer South-East or South-east by South if the Wind serves having not less water than seven or eight fathom and when you have laid the Netherland to water you may sound for the Kentish-Knock and come no nearer it than 8 or 9 fathom as the Wind and Tyde serves and being about the Knock you may go S. S. W. as you see occasion To sayl out at the back-side of the Gun-fleet If you will sayl out at the back-side of the Gunfleet being in the Sleds in seven fathom borrow on the West-Rocks in four or five fathom steering S. S. W. or South-west by West but go not to the southwards of five fathoms till you be over the tayl of the Rocks and when you are over the Rocks you shall have seven or eight fathom but go not without eight fathom on the West side and borrow on the Gunfleet in six or seven fathom going South-west by South or South-west till you come up to the Spits or as you see occasion To sayl by the Naze to the Northwards From the Eagle to the Naze you may borrow to the Shore and the course is N. E. by North or N. N. E. to go by the Naze you must bring Harwich-steeple unto the East part of the Saddle in the Cliff-end be sure you shut not St. Hellen into the Naze before you bring the Steeple into the Saddle and so you may steer with the Steeple until you bring the Dove-house with the Naze or the Naze-end unto a Tree on the lower end of the Hedge-row that is to the southward of the House and being in one then may you have your other marks and steer to the eastward keeping the House and Tree in one and more to the southward of the Hedge-row in the lower end of the Field a stones cast from the Hedge is a lively Tree or great Bush which you may bring into a Tree between two high Trees that are to the southward of the House and these marks you may keep in one steering North-east by North keeping Harwich-steeple open of the East end of the Cliff and then you may bear in with the Harbour but the best water is when the Steeple is on the Hommock between the Beacon and the Cliff and so steer to the northwards as you please To sayl clear of Alborough-Knapes East from Alborough two leagues lyeth Alborough-Knapes which is a Sand that at low-water is not deeper than seven or eight foot you may sound round about it in five fathom but it is not good to come nearer with Sea-winds you may discern it plainly by the breaking of the Sea but with northerly and westerly winds the Sea breaks not at all upon it if it be fair weather he that runneth by it to the northwards with an Ebb shall see it ripple much upon it likewise upon most of the English Bank and indeed not upon the Banks but against them for upon the shoalest of them is alwayes the smoothest water as experience teacheth every where When as Alborough is West from you and the two Steeples of Orforness one in the other there you shall find Albôrough-Knapes These are sure marks of that Sand. To sayl to the westward of the Whiting-Sand The Whiting is somewhat a small long Sand lying to the southward of Orfordness and the shingly ground to the southward of Alborough lyeth alongst the Reach but the
five or six fathom he that will sayl into Bornham must go in at high-water and bring the Steeple against the Block-house and so sayl in by the Beacons leaving them on the Larboard-side These are all the Tyde-Havens Bornham From Bornham to Chappel-Land the course is W.S.W. two leagues to the northward of it lyeth the Sonk which is a Sand that is dry at low-water you may sayl about it on both sides of the Sonk to Lin. To sayl to the eastern Channel of Lin. To sayl in here You must go to the eastward of the Sonk and bring that Wood over the Point of Chappel-Land East from you then go in S. S. W. and by little and little more easterly until you come about the Point there the Buoys and Beacons shall shew the way When you come about the Point you may run through the Sand into the northward Channel and sayl out again by the same into the Sea by the Buoys and Marks thereof This northward Channel lyeth north-North-east and north-North-east by North and is very well Buoy'd and Beacon'd You may also sayl into the westward of the Sonk South by East alongst by it and so run into the first Buoy from thence alongst by the Beacons into Lin before the Town when you come from the eastward you may run through within the Sonk alongst by the chappel-Chappel-Land South by West into the aforesaid Buoy To sayl from Cromer to Blakney into Boston-Deep To sayl from Cromer or Blakney into Boston-deep You must go West by North till you come by the Land between Wells and Bornham right against which lyeth a Bank called Burnham-flats North into the Sea a league Burnhamslats which at low-water lyeth dry in divers places you may run the aforesaid course when you are by Cromer or Blackney a little without the Land and may go to the northward of this Bank at high-water you may well go over it The ground on the North side goeth up slat and plain run boldly to it without fear until you come into three or four fathom so that he which useth his Lead can take no hurt by it but on the inner-side that is on the South-side it is very steep and as soon as you are over the shoalest you shall suddenly get deep water and good sandy ground within it is good riding for easterly winds To sayl to Boston-deep within Boston-Knock First You must keep the Sounding of the Shore in four or five fathom till the Point of Legerness be N. N. W. from you between the Shore and the Knock in the midst of the Channel it is five fathom but is dry at low-water when Legerness is W. N. W. from you then go on South-west through between the Knock and the Shoal which shooteth off from the westward of Legerness until you get again the depth of six or seven fathom In this going over there is but two fathom at low-water but it floweth there about five fathom up and down being over it go on South-west alongst between the Long-sand and the Shoal which lyeth off from the Shore it is between 9 and 10 fathom deep you may sound on both sides as well the Shoal that lyeth off from the Land as the Long-sand in five fathom but the Flats are somewhat steeper then the Long-sand To sayl without Boston-Knock into Boston-Deep To sayl without Boston-Knock in Boston-Deep coming as aforesaid to the West-Land you must look out for the Steeple of Ingold-Mills standing somewhat to the northward of Legerness bring them one in the other and then they shall bear about N. N. W. from you keep them one in the other and go on S. S. E. until the Trees of the Point be West of Legerness Come without the Point of the Ness and then you may run through between Boston-Knock when the aforesaid Trees come a hand-spikes length to the eastward of the Point of Legerness then go on South-west and you may run right into the deep between Boston-Knock and Long-sand and so you shall find between the Knock and the Point of Long-sand five fathom being past the Knock it will be 8 9 or 10 fathom deep Other directions for Boston-Deep If you will sayl out of the Sea into Boston-deep Then bring the aforesaid Trees a hand-spikes length without the Point at Legerness which shall then bear from you about N. N. W. sayling right with them until the high-land within Legernesi or Winfleet being to come even without the Ness which shall then bear from you somewhat more northerly than West then you are within the Point of the Long-sand or else there stands three little Houses on the Sea-side about half-wayes between Legerness and Ingold-Mills when they come to be North-west from you and the aforesaid Trees without the Point then you are also within the Point of Long-sand go on then South-west between Boston-Knock and Long-sand as aforesaid A little past Legerness lyeth a Shoal or Flat about the midst in the Fair-way but nearest to the Long-sand when the Trees upon the Point to the southward of Winfleet come into the second Valley of the high-land within Winfleet then you are right thwart of this Shoal edge therefore to one side or other rather towards the Shoal it is widest keep boldly the sounding of the Shoal and run South-west alongst by it until the Steeple of Boston come over the Steeple of Butterwyle which is also a flat Steeple but smaller than that of Boston standing in a Wood thwart of it runneth a Shoal somewhat without the Point being past it go W.S.W. all alongst the aforesaid Shoal until the great Steeple of Boston come over the second Mill there is good anchoring by the West Shore in five fathom at low-water but he that cometh at low-water must anchor and stay for his Tyde until half flood for before you cannot sayl further in from thence and you shall not find more than two fathom upon the shoalest place and so the Deep lyeth in along the Beacons about South to the third Beacon being past that W. S. W. and then by little and little more westerly and northerly but run all alongst by the Beacons leaving them on the Starboard-side at least North to the River Upon the Point of the River standeth a Sheep-House before you pass by it seemeth as if there were no opening by reason it is all Green Land and even run in by it all alongst by the Land being past the River doth open it self and being come within the Point you must run in between the Dikes a league until you come before the Town In the River it is half flood before it is every where deep enough when you come a little within the Houses of the Town on the Larboard-side there you must let fall your Anchor and stay until the Water begin to fall then you have Flood enough to drive you to the Key there you must make fast with a Cable it doth not begin to ebb there until the water be
and Harwich and Orfordness a S.S.E. Moon maketh high-water without the Banks of Yarmouth and before Cromer a South-east Moon maketh high-water Between the Banks of Harwich and the Holms of Yarmouth it floweth South and Ebbs North. Thwart of the Banks of Winterton and Cromer it flows S.S.E. and ebbs N.N.W. Of the Tydes and setting of the Currents From the North-Foreland the Flood runs to the Reculvers and over the Brakes W.S.W. and West by South Without about the Goodwin towards the Kentish-Knock the Flood falleth North by West and N.N.W. There cometh also a flood from the northwards and meet one another by the Galloper with a very great ripling and noise from which this Bank is called the Galloper and setteth to the westwards into the Sands and Channels and also to the Eastward toward Flanders Between the North-Foreland and Oxfordness the Stream setteth S.S.E. When you are to the northward of the Galloper and can reckon no other Ebb than that which runneth along England to the Northwards the Streams fall there all alongst the Coast To the Southward of the Galloper the Ebb setteth to the Southward and the Flood to the Northward Courses and Distances of Places from the North-Foreland to Cocquet-Island From the North-Foreland to the North end of the Goodwin the course is East by South a league and half From the North-Foreland to the Kentish Knock North by East and N.N.E. 4 or 5 leagues From thence to Orfordness North 12 leagues From the Foreland to the Galloper N. E. by North 9 leagues From the Galloper to Orfordness N.N.W. 10 leagues From Alborough to Covehith North by East 5 leagues From Covehith to Leystaff North 2 leagues and a half From Leystaff to Yarmouth South 3 leagues From Winterton to Haseborough 2 leagues and a half From Yarmouth to Winterton N.N.W. 2 leagues and a half From Cromer to Blakney N.N.W. 3 or 4 leagues From Blakney to Bornham to sayl through within the Sand West 6 leagues and a half From Bornham to Chappel-Land W.S.W. 2 leagues and a half From Chappel-Land to Boston-Knock or the North Point of Boston-Deep N.W. by North 5 leagues From thence to the Spurn North and North by West 6 leagues and a half From the Spurn to Flamborough-head N. N. W. 9 leagues Thwart Courses over Sea From the North-Foreland to Flushing East somewhat northerly about 26 leagues and a half From the Foreland to the Mase E.N.E. or somewhat easterly 33 leagues From the Foreland to the Texel or the Mase-deep N.E. 45 leagues From the Naze or Harwich to the Maze East 29 leagues From Orfordness to the Texel E.N.E. 37 leagues From Yarmouth or Leystaff to Walcheren or the Weilings S. E. and S. E. by South 39 leagues From the Point of Cromer or Shield to the Texel East 41 leagues From the Spurn to the Texel East by South and E.S.E. 59 leagues From Tinmouth to Scutness N. E. 103 leagues From Tinmouth to the Naze in Norway N. E. by East somewhat easterly 102 leagues From Tinmouth to the Scaw E.N.E. 135 leagues From Tinmouth to Holy-Island East by South somewhat easterly 106 leagues A Table shewing what Moon maketh full Sea and Setting of the Tydes upon the North-Coast of England and Scotland The Names of the Coasts and Head-lands What Moon maketh full Sea How the Tyde sets by the Land How the Tyde sets seven leagues off the Land How the Tyde sets nine leagues off the Land and in the midst of the Channel At the Kentish-Knock Long-sand-head south-south-South-South-East And South by East South-South-East South by East South by West At Harwich Orfordness and Haven S.E. by S. S.S.E. S.E. by South North and South S. S. W. Yarmouth-Road and Haven S. E. by South And S. S. E. S. S. E. North and South South by West Winterton Cromer and Blakney E. S. E. East by South S. E. by East E. S. E. South by East E. S. E. S.S.E. and S. by E. South-East Humber-mouth Lin and Boston-deeps East and West East by South E. S. E. S. W. and N.E. Flamborough-head and Bridlington W. S. W. East and West West by North. S. E. by South Directions for Piloting a Ship from the Point of the Hope over the Flats to the Downs and from thence to the westward alongst the Coast of England as far as Silly shewing the Marks for going into the most Eminent Harbours With a perfect Tyde-Table shewing what time it is full Sea in all these Ports and how long and upon what Point of the Compass the Tyde runneth in the Channel Directions for sayling from Tilbury-Hope down to the Buoy of the Nower VVHen you break ground from Tilbury-Hope if the wind be southerly keep the South Shore close aboard but be careful of Blith-sand which lyeth close to the Kentish-shore and accordingly observe these Marks to carry you clear of it Hopeness If in the day time keep the Steeple of Tilbury-Church a great Sayls breadth without Hopeness alias Sands-head-point If in the night or hazy-weather keep your Lead and come not within five fathom at low-water and seven at high-water and that depth will carry you clear without Blith-sand Blith-sand and will lead you down to the Nower-head But if the Wind be northerly then you must keep the North Shore which is steep too until you come as low as Hole-haven and so keeping the Soundings aforesaid you may run down to the Nower where you may come to an anchor at the East end thereof Marks The Marks for to keep you clear of the Sands is to bring Prickelwel-steeple a Sayls breadth to the eastwards of the Wood that is on the North Shore by the Water-side and there you may come to an Anchor To sayl from the Buoy of the Nower to Sheerness up the West-Swale First You must steer South-west by West then W.S.W. till you bring open a low Point upon the Isle of Graen called Black-stakes whereon standeth two little Houses Keep this Point and Sheer-ness one in another and you will sayl in the best of the Channel till you come to the Ness where you will find ten fathom close to it Cant. you may borrow upon the Cant in four or five fathom until you come within half a mile to the eastward of the Fort upon Sheerness Sheerness from whence runs off a Shoal about a Cables length of which care must be taken of not coming too near the Shore Being within the Ness you may come to an anchor where you please only the East side is all flar having but 1 2 3 and 4 fathom at low-water The South side of the Nower-sand is steep too Nower in nine and ten fathom close to the Sand and also near to the Ness is steep too in 10 11 and 12 fathom For to sayl into Quinborough If you be coming down the River of Thames and bound for Quinborough or the River of Medway and being come to the East end of the Nower-sand run down to the
the Cows-Road or reacheth from the Southwest Point of the Red-Cliff on Bully-side to the eastward of Calshot-Castle on the which there is not above three foot at low-water on a Spring-tyde it lyeth two thirds of the Channel from the Island steer from the Cows-Road North-east by North and North-East until you have brought the whole Town of Hampton open to the eastward of Calshot-Castle then luff up or bear right in with Hampton and you shall go over the Tayl of the Brambles into two fathom and a half or three fathom at low-water and steer in so keeping Hampton open until you come within the Castle There is likewise a Channel between the Brambles and the Main for small Ships but there is not above ten foot at low-water The leading Marks to carry you in or out in this Channel is the westermost Wind-mill or Porch-down right between to the red Patches of the Cliff by the Sea-side near Teachfield-Haven but there is divers Patches on the said Cliff so that this Mark may deceive you therefore look out toward the South-West end of the Wight towards Yarmouth there you shall see two Hills made with a Valley between them also to the eastward of Yarmouth you shall see close by the Water-side a black Hill bring that Hill in the Valley between the aforesaid Hills and something on upon the southermost Hill and that Mark kept will lead you through in fourteen foot water at quarter-flood and when you have brought Hampton open of Calshot-Castle then you are to the eastward of the Spit of Owze that lyeth off from the Castle and may bear in as above-said Directions to sayl into Pool A league to the northward of the aforesaid Point lyeth the Haven of Pool For to sayl in there coming about Hand-fast-Point you must go North-west or somewhat more northerly then you may perceive right a-head a high flat Hill which standeth higher than any other Land thereabouts keep that betwixt two Shores and run in right with it but if you turn in then spare not your Lead and run not farther over to the westward than till that flat Hill cometh to the West-Land when it beginneth to touch you must about or else you shall be fast a-ground when you are about run no further to the eastwards than that the aforesaid Hill cometh over to the East Sand-hill Marks to go into Pool which is a high gray sharp Sand-hill lying at the East side If you keep these foresaid Marks in this manner you shall have going in there at half-flood water enough there remaineth in the shoalest ten and eleven foot at low-water but it floweth there no more than five foot up and down it floweth there twice in one Tyde A South-east and North-west Moon maketh there full Sea also a South by East and North by West Moon maketh high-water which come to pass by reason of the Fore-ebb that cometh out of the Wight when you come without the entry go then N. N. E. on and keep the Beacons that stand on the East Land on the Starboard from you and run indifferent close alongst by them the Shores are on both sides steep and the Channel is not wide without the Channel it is shoal or flat This is Pilots Water Directions for Portland and sayling into Weymouth From the West end of the Wight to the Point of Portland the course is W. S. W. eleven leagues but for Donnose West by South thirteen leagues If you will go to anchor under Portland Portland-Road coming from the West come within a Musquet shot about by the Point of Portland and being come about the second Point whereon the Castle standeth edge up to the westward until you come before the Castle and anchor there in 7 8 9 10 or 11 fathom so that the Point of Portland doth lie South by East and S. S. E. from you there you shall lie Land-lockt for a South and South by East Wind with a South west and a S. S. W. Wind you must be very mindful of the terrible ripling of the Race of Portland which beginneth a little to the westward of Portland and endeth a little to the westward of St. Albons The ground in that Race is very uneven and shoal in some places seven in others ten and also fifteen fathom About a league to the northwards of the Road of Portland Weymouth lyeth a Town called Weymouth which hath a Tyde-Haven before it you may anchor in four or five fathom To sayl from Portland to Exmouth From Portland to Exmouth the course is W. N. W. thirteen leagues betwixt them both lyeth a little Island close by the Land Cob-Island before Lime-haven called Cob. Before Exmouth Exmouth men may ride at the South end of the Shindle which lyeth before the Haven in seven or eight fathom so that the Rocks of Tomans-stones do bear South or South by East from you there you will have good Ground and Land-lockt for all winds Five leagues South and South by West from Exmouth lyeth Torbay and lyeth from Portland West and West by South thirteen leagues For to go into Torbay Torbay you must bring the West Point or the Berry South by East or S.S.E. from you and anchor therein seven or eight fathom there you shall lie Land-lockt for a South Wind and South-west Winds At the North-east end of the Bay is also a Tyde-Haven called the Tormain Tormain before it is good Anchor-ground in four or five fathom according as you would lie near or far from the Shore To sayl into Dartmouth Three or four leagues to the westward of Torbay lyeth the Haven of Dartmouth which hath a narrow entry lying in betwixt two High-lands upon each side of the Haven standeth a little Castle on the West side is a Church on the High-Land called St. Patricks-Church For to sayl in coming from the Start or from the westward you must run in alongst by the Wester-Land so far to the eastward until you bring the Key of the Village on the East side of the Haven in the midst of the entry of the Haven betwixt the two Lands and you must be very ready with your Boat if any gust of Wind should come from the High-Land for to row in being come in edge over to the West side before the Brew-House and anchor there in ten or eleven fathom or before the Village on the East side where you please At the East side lyeth a sunken Rock A sunken Rock The Marks to avoid it are these steer in with St. Patricks Church and bring not the Village which standeth on the West side of the Harbour without the said Church but keep the outer House of the said Village in the East side of the Chappel and alwayes in sight without the Bullwork on the North side by St. Patricks Church then can you take no hurt of the Rock in the Range by the North Point Betwixt Dartmouth and the Start nearest to
Dartmouth standeth a white Spire Steeple called Fackman which is a very good Mark to know Dartmouth by The Start lyeth from Dartmouth South-west Start about three or four leagues Under the Point of the Start at the East side is a good Road for westerly Winds betwixt the Point and a Church that standeth on the high-High-Land in ten or eleven fathom so that the Point lyeth South-west from you A little to the eastward of the westermost Point of the Start lyeth a Haven called Salcomb Salcomb when you come from the West it sheweth it self open the West side of it is ragged and the East side is sloping down Close to the West Point lyeth a range of Rocks therefore you must give it a good Birth and leave the Rocks on the Larboard-side further you may see all Breaks that may do you hurt being within you need not fear either of the Shoals Upon the Bar or Shoals of the entry remaineth at low-water and Spring-tydes not less than eleven foot but within it is at least three fathom To sayl into Plymouth Seven leagues to the westward of the Start lyeth Plymouth-Sound Plymouth at the eastermost East Point of the Sound lyeth a high round Rock called Mawstone Mawstone Between it and Ram-head lyeth the said Sound N.N.E. it being round and deep A little to the northward of Ram-head is a fair Sand-bay where you may anchor close under the Land in nine or ten fathom Two leagues South a little easterly from Ram-head Eddy-stone lyeth a Rock above water called Eddy-stone The Point of Plymouth lyeth from Eddy-stone North by East and N.N.E. distant about four leagues In the Sound by the Land of Plymouth lyeth a little Island called Sir Francis Drakes Island which is fast to the West side with a Riff or Range of Rocks under-water so that you must sayl alongst to the eastwards of it whether you are bound unto Cat-water or into Hamose which is the West Harbour To sayl into Cat-Water If you will go into Cat-water Cat-water then run in betwixt the Island and the Point on the East side in with the Land of Plymouth until you see Cat-water open on the Starboard of you go then into the Eastwards betwixt the Point of Plymouth and the Point on the Starboard-side leaving most part of the Channel on the Starboard-side until you come within the Point and anchor there right against the high steep Northern Land there is at low-water with extraordinary Tydes four and five fathom When you sayl into Cat-water you must take heed by giving a good birth to the southern Point of the entry for there lie off the foresaid Point a Ledge of Rocks under-water about 2 Cables length off from the Land Upon the Point of the Ledge lyeth a Buoy where is at half-flood about twelve foot water which Buoy you must leave on your Starboard-side going in and when you have Cat-water altogether open you may run in to the eastwards leaving in the entry of the Harbour two thirds of the Channel on the Starboard-side as before is said because the South Shore is somewhat flat off there leaving a sandy Bank which reacheth to the second Point of the South Shore of Cat-water A little to the eastward of Drakes Island lyeth a Rock under water upon which is at low-water not deeper than two fathom For to sayl within the Land you may go to the eastward or westward of the Rock according as occasion shall serve If you will sayl unto Hamose to the westward of the Rocks Hamose then take the sounding of the Land in four or five fathom at low-water and run so by it until that Fishers-Village lying to the northwards a little within the Land come in the West side of the Valley on the North Shore then are you to run through between the Island and the Rock and to the westward of the Rock upon the Land of Plymouth within the Island standeth a Wall or Hedge when you see it end-wayes and the Chappel of the aforesaid Village cometh to the North side of the Valley and Cat-water cometh open then do you run over the Rock between the Island and the Main then may you anchor in 12 and 13 fathom If you sayl into Hamose you must run between the Island and the Land of Plymouth and then run in the midst of the Channel between the two Lands until the Entry of Hamose be open then run into the northwards as the Channel leadeth until you come in about the West Point and anchor there in 16 15 and 12 fathom in the Narrow is 15 16 17 and 20 fathom between the Island and the Main 8 9 and 10 or 12 fathom From Ram-head West by South five leagues lyeth Foy and betwixt them on the Coast lyeth a little Island a little to the eastward of Talland-Point thwart of West-Loee called Loee-Island you may anchor to the eastward of the Island in 5 or 6 fathom To sayl into Foy. Foy is a broad Haven where a Ship may go in at half-flood at the East side of the Haven standeth a little Church with a Steeple and on the West side a great white Church with a square Steeple To sayl into Foy you must have at least half-flood and run in amidst the Channel betwixt the two Points and being come within them chuse which side you will but the most water is by the West-Land between the Stakes and the Square Steeple being come within the Stakes as you come in by the Land then bear somewhat off presently from the West Shore almost into the middle of the Channel nearest to the West shore until you come before the Village that lyeth on the West side where is a deep Dock in which Ships that draw 16 foot may lie afloat at low-water in the said Dock may four Ships lie If when you come by the East-Land you desire to be in the aforesaid Dock or Pool then sayl in until you come within the Stakes and then edge over off from the East-Land until you come nearest the West-Land for to avoid a Flat which lyeth by the East Shore alongst the Haven which beginneth against the first House of the West Village If it should happen that you could not lead it in with a Sayl then let fall your Anchor without the Stakes and warp in with Hausers until you come unto the aforesaid Pool You may also sayl so far in that you may see a Wall on the West side of the Haven where lyeth a Village behind it a Ships length to the southward of that Wall it is good lying by the East-Land being moored by four Cables there a Ship may ride afloat that draweth sixteen foot water You may also sayl further in along by that Swatch that lyeth on the West side where in the Mill standeth but come not too near the North Point of the Swatch for by it lyeth a Rock under-water being past that you may moor your Ship
Tydes These are noted in the Draught with the Letter b. The Andrews The Andrews is a narrow Point of small stones that lie out from Landguard Point near half a mile and dryeth at low-water On the South-west side of this Spit lyeth several heaps of small stones that also dry at Spring-tydes but when you have the two Light-houses in one sayling so it directeth you free of them and as you sayl out of Harwich to the northwards when you have brought Bawdsey Steeple open of the Land to the south of Bawdsey then are you clear of the Andrews Oazely-Bay and may sayl towards Oazely-Bay The Altar The Altar is a small Ridge that lyeth N. N. W. and S.S.E. right against Landguard-fort the Channel here at low-water is not more than a Cables length broad on the Fort side is five fathom on the Altar is six foot at low-water a Cables length within the Fort is a Cross Ridge on which at low-water A Cross Ridge is but fifteen foot it lyeth quite cross the Channel then you must sayl along the Beach on the Fort-side to avoid the great Flat called the Guard Guard that lyeth off from Harwich-Town till you bring open Manning-Tree and a high Tree that stands to the southwards of the Hill Point next above Harwich-Town in Manning-Tree-Water then may you anchor where you please in five six or seven fathom Shotley-Point taking care of a long spit of Sand that runs out from Shotley-point cross to Ipswich-Water This shoal is noted in the Draught with the Letter i. The Ridge The Ridge is a small Bank of great stones and lyeth on the South side of you as you sayl in by the Andrews on which is four or five foot at low-water The mark to avoid it is to bring the two Light-houses at Harwich in one and if you shut Harwich Mill in the North end of the Cliff you run right on it if open then you may go clear it lies North-east and South-west and is but narrow and half a mile in length Noted in the Draught with the Letter k. The Rowling-Grounds The Rowling-grounds is the Road where commonly Ships ride being without the Altar and within the Ridge and thwart the Andrews where is at low-water four or five fathom Marks of the Rowling-grounds The Marks for it are to bring the Wind-mill on the North end of Harwich-Cliff and the Beacon on Bawdsey-Cliff over the North-east Point of the Beach that runs from Landguard-Fort to the northwards The Platters The Platters are several Heaps and Banks of small stones that lie between Landguard-Fort and Woodbridge-Haven Woodbridge-Haven they lie close to the shore To avoid them come no nearer than four fathom To the northwards near Woodbridge-Haven A shoal lyeth a small shoal where is but ten foot at low-water To avoid this come no nearer than five fathom off the shore thereabout This Shoal is noted in the Draught with the Letter l. West-Rocks The West-Rocks are a great many Heaps and Banks joyned together having several small Swatches amongst them the ground being of several qualities partly Sand and partly stones both great and small in several places it dries and in most other parts of it but two three four five foot at low water the ground uneven and is of great extent N. E. and S. W. about 3 miles and lyeth N. W. and S. E. near 5 miles There are several shoals that lie within it on the N. W. side that are accounted parts of it and the Cork-Sand that lyeth on the North side of it there being only a smal Swatch of 7 foot water that parts them the S. W. part of this shoal lyeth a mile half from the Buoy of the Gunfleet North by East and N. N. E. you must come no nearer to it then seven or eight fathom on the South side when you are to the southward and against the Body of it then Harwich-Church will be a little nearer to Landguard-Fort than to Harwich-Cliff Marks of the West-Rocks The Cork The Cork is a Sand that lyeth on the North side of the West-Rocks and doth almost joyn to them there being only a small Swatch of seven foot water betwixt them it dries at low-water and lyeth near three miles from Landguard-Fort and South-east by East from the out-part of the Andrews The marks to go clear of it in and out is to bring Harwich-Church on a black Brew-house that stands a little within the Land as is before exprest in the going out of Harwich The Cutler The Cutler is a shoal that lyeth off from the North-East of Bawdsey-Cliff a small mile on which is but six foot at low-water This Sand lies badly if men be not careful of it because the Tyde of Flood or Ebb sets so right upon it that if a Ship cometh aground it is bad getting off the Tyde binding so directly on it you may come in four fathom of it in the Fair-way is five and six fathom it is almost round and very hard ground Longst mark The longst mark to keep clear of it is to bring Harwich-steeple a Sayles breadth open of Felsteed Cliff Thwart mark The thwart mark for it is Bawdsey-steeple on the North end of a thick Wood by the water side then the Steeple bears off you North-west five degrees West This Sand is noted in the Draught with the Letter n. The Middle-Ground The Middle-ground is a Bank that lyeth betwixt Orford-haven and Orford-ness half a mile from the shoar on which at low-water is eighteen foot and between it and the shoar is five and six fathom and lies one third part of the way off to the Whiting-Sand it is about half a mile in length and lyeth along as the shoar lyeth between this and the Whiting is six and seven fathom This is noted in the Draught with the Letter o. The Onion The Onion is a round knowl that lies a third part of a mile to the southwards of Orford-ness just within the stream of it and there is on it at low-water fourteen and fifteen foot Marks there are none but to observe the Tydes This shoal is noted in the Draught with the Letter p. The Sledway The Sledway is a Channel through which all Ships pass that come within the Sands at Orfordness and go up or down the Swin The Marks for it are to bring Bawdsey-steeple open a little to the northward of Bawdsey-Cliff in two or three Trees and then the Church will bear from you N. N. W. and so you must keep those marks together and sayl out S. S. E. in the very best of the Channel which direct you clear of the South-ends of the Sands of Orford-Town and of the Cork and West-Rocks to the northward of them and if you bring Bawdsey-steeple on the North end of Bawdsey-Cliff then it will bear from you North by West and brings you very near the West-Rocks and if you bring Bawdsey-steeple North-west from
lyeth on the South side of the Narrow or Channel a little to the eastward of the Buoy of the Woolpack betwixt these Buoys the Channel is a Cables length and a half broad and but nine foot at low-water This Buoy is noted in the Draught with the Letter y. The Hook The Hook is a Shoal that runneth out from Marget-Sand South-east so far to the southward that it makes the Channel very narrow The thwart Mark for this Sand is to bring Birchington-steeple into a green Dauk or Valley in the Cliff then the Steeple will bear from you South-east five degrees southerly The longst Mark is to bring St. Peters Church upon the West end of the Cliff This Shoal is noted in the Draught with the Letter z. Longst Mark. The longst Mark to direct you clear of the Hook to the Buoy of the Searn is to bring St. Peters-steeple over the East side or Cliff of Westgate-bay You must keep them so till you bring Birchington-steeple over the Gual when you take hold of the Mark to go through Middle-Ground at the Cliff end The Middle-ground is a Shoal that lyeth below the Hook nearest the shore on which there is but fourteen foot at low-water and on each side four fathom this being a small narrow Ridge lyeth E.N.E. and W.S.W. one third of a mile long Marks to lead clear of it The Marks to keep you clear Is to bring St. Peters Church over the East side of the Westgate-bay as aforesaid or to bring the nethermost Tree on the next high Land to the westward of the Reculvers a little open to the southward of the Reculvers this Tree leaneth a little to the southward and is a good Mark for the Hook downwards or from Marget-sand upward This Sand is noted in the Draught with the Letter A. The Horse The Horse is a Shoal that lyeth a little above the Hook of Marget-sand on the South side a little below the Reculver Church on which it is very shoal at low-water The Mark. To avoid this you must keep St. Peters Steeple on the East side of the Westgate-bay a little upon the Cliff upward to the Buoy of the Searn and so from the Buoy downward This Sand is noted in the Draught with the Letter B. The Buoy of the Searn The Buoy of the Searn is the eastermost Buoy that lyeth on the North side of the Reculvers the Steeple bearing from the Buoy South by West then have you a Wind-mill a little open of the Channel of Reculvers Church or to bring over a small House that standeth a little to the East end of the Church The Course upwards from this Buoy through the Narrow is W.N.W. The longst Marks on the shore Marks of this Sand. is to bring Birchington Church right over a Gaul or black Hole in the western part of the Cliff end This Buoy is noted in the Draught with the Letter w. Between the Woolpack and the Pan-sands or the West end of the Wedge and the Pan-sands A new Channel goes down a Channel of one mile and a half broad and runs down E.N.E. At the first entrance below the Wedge and Pan-sands you have five fathom water and so down to the eastward deeper as 6 7 and 8 fathoms but at the North side of the Woolpack betwixt that and the Pan-sands there is but three and a half and four fathoms at low-water the more to the East the Channel is deeper and broader The Wedge The Wedge is a Sand that lyeth on the North side of Marget-sand being broad at the West end and sharp at the East end resembling its appellation it lyeth West by North and East by South about six miles in length having at the westermost end between it and Marget-sand three fathom water and so down to the east end until it joyn with Marget-sand there is two fathom and on the North side 7 8 and 9 fathom Marget-Sand The East end of Marget-sand lyeth before Marget and Westgate-bay and up till you are thwart the Reculvers And by reason of some Swatches that are in it it is divided into more names the Searn the Weelpack The East end of this Sand beareth from Marget-Church North half West four miles distance and as it runs up to the westwards Marks for the East end so it grows nearer the shore The Marks for the East end is to bring Marget Steeple and the Mill in one The Depths you have along this Sand as you turn up or down are at the East end and so upward 9 8 7 6 5 fathoms On the North side of this Sand a quarter of a mile off lyeth another Sand The Wedg called the Wedge which runs down alongst by it and a Channel of 4 3 2 1 fathom water at the lower end it joyns with the other Sand at the East end the most part of this Sand dries at low-water The Colborn The Colborn is a Shoal that lyeth to the northwards of White-dike and a little to the fouthwards of Broad-stairs-Peer which sometimes ebbs dry it lies a large half mile off the Shore and there is nine foot water between it and the Shore The Mark for a small Ship to avoid it Is to keep the top of St. Peters Steeple open over the Land This Shoal is noted in the Draught with the Letter u. The White-Dike The White-Dike is a Shoal that runs off from the shore a large half mile and lies half a mile to the northwards of Ramsgate all the inner part of it dries every Ebb and on the outer-part it is two foot at low-water and at sometimes there is but eight or nine foot in the Channel betwixt this and the Querns Inner Channel This Shoal is noted in the Draught with the Letter t. The Querns The Querns is a small Shoal that lieth W.N.W. from the Brake The Inner Channel between them both is a Channel for good Ships at high-water it is a mile broad only at the South end there lies a small Middle-ground near to the Brake on which there is but seven foot at low-water Longst Mark. The longst Mark for this Middle-ground Is to bring St. Margets Church near the South-Foreland a Ships length open to the southwards of Deal-Castle Thwart Mark The thwart Mark Is to bring Winsborough Steeple a Ships length open to the northwards of Sandwich Steeple then are you to the northward of this Middle-ground Leading Mark. The leading Mark through this Channel Is to bring St. Margets Church in the middle between Wamer and Deal Castle the Middle-ground excepted for when you come near that you must keep the Church as aforesaid Or you may turn the Church from the middle between Deal and Wamer Castle If you bring the Church more then half over towards Wamer Castle you will be near the Brake if not on it The Mark for the North end of the Querns Is to bring St. Lawrence Steeple a Ships length to the Southward
Knock-John having a small swatch that runs through betwixt them dividing them into two Sands but is not fit for ships to pass through This Sand dries in several places and is half and three quarters of a mile broad East-Barrows The East-barrows is the North-east part of the whole Barrows-sand and lies down from the North-east end of the West-barrows North-east by East about four miles in two several Sands one at the end of the other the South-west end of them tayling upwards Beatings of this Sand. On the North-west side of the North-east end of the West-barrows is a small swatch passing between them also between the two East-barrows there is a swatch where small Vessels that are acquainted do pass through both these Sands fall dry at low-water and are in length about four miles the South side of these two Sands is steep the North-west more bolder yet something steep The North-east end of these doth bear from the Naze South by East ten miles distant The Channel betwixt this and the Heaps is a mile broad in which you have 7 8 9 and 10 fathom water and in one place a cross Ridge lies thwart the Channel where there is but two and three fathoms West-Barrows The West-Barrows is the South-west part of the whole Barrows-sand there being some Swatches two third parts down to the North-eastwards that divides this Sand which makes it to be called the East and West-Barrows That part which is called the West-Barrows begins at the North-east end of the Mouse and lyeth down North-east and South-west it falls dry in several places at low-water and is steep too on both sides on the South-east side there is seven and eight fathom close to the Sand but on the North-west side you have ten eleven and twelve fathom close to it This Sand is in length six or seven miles and betwixt it and the Shivering-sand you have in the middle nine ten and eleven fathom this Sand dries in several places amongst all these Sands it flows South by East The Mouse The Mouse is a Sand that lyeth from the Body of the Oaze-edge North-east about a mile between them is a Channel where is seven or eight fathom water and lower down to the eastward there is nine or ten fathom A Draught of the SANDS CHANNELS BUOYES BEACONS AND SEA-MARKS upon the Coast of ENGLAND From the Southforeland to Orfordness Discovered by Capt gilbert Crane and Capt Tho Browne elder Bretheren of Trinity House The Sea Coast Survâ—â—ghed by Ionas Moor Esquire Published by the Special License and Aprobation of his Royal Highness the DUKE OF YORK Made and Sold by John Seller Hidrographer to the Kings most Excellent Majesty in Wapping London This Sand is between three and four miles long and half a mile broad being steep too on both sides It lies in length E. N. F. and W. S. W. and joyns to the West-Barrows only a small Swatch runneth betwixt them The North-east end of this Sand bears N. N. W. 〈…〉 two miles and a half from the South-west of the Shivering-sand A Description of the Sands Shoals Rocks and Dangers upon the South Coast of England between Dover and Silly The Vane or Ripraps THE Vane or Ripraps is a Bank that lyeth a little to the southwards of the Heads of Calice and Dever some-what nearer to the French-Coast it is but narrow but in length it is four leagues lying about N. N. E. and S. S. W. and so windeth it self southerly toward the Land of Bulleyn bearing West by South from Calice-Cliff and South by East from Dover The North-eastermost end is the shoalest not having more than nine 10 or 11 foot at low-water On both sides of this Bank as well to the eastwards as the westwards thereof you will have 20 22 23 and 24 fathom water betwixt this Bank and the Land lyeth also two or three Shoals but not very dangerous having three fathom and a half or four fathom at low-water Easterborrough-Head South of Arundel about six or seven miles Easterborrough-Head lyeth a Bank called Easterborrough-head which dryeth at low-water and at Spring-tydes about a furlong being Rocks and Shindles To avoid this danger if you be bound to the southward from Sborum run S. S. W. into the Sea until you get eighteen fathom and then you may steer boldly W. S. W. and that course will lead you without the Owers also close by this Shoal you will have fifteen fathom from this to the Owers it is almost two leagues W. S. W. come no nearer than in twelve or thirteen fathom and that depth will carry you without the Owers A Ledge of Rocks Between Easterborrough and the Owers lyeth a Ledge of Rocks on which there is not above six foot at low-water This Ledge is half a league to the North-west from Easterborrough-head The Owers W. S. W. five leagues from Arundel Owers thirteen leagues West by South somewhat westerly from Beachy about four leagues to the eastwards of the Wight and half a league from the Shore lyeth the Owers being alwayes under water The thwart Mark is when Chichester Spire-steeple is N. N. W. Marks from you then are you thwart the souther side of it For a longst Mark set the Point of Dunness with your Compass it will bear direct West by South half southerly Dunness W.S.W. is right upon them To avoid the danger hereof if you be coming from the eastwards with a northerly wind be sure to keep in 18 fathom water or more also coming from the westward you must come no nearer than East by North keeping your self in the aforesaid depth Many have been deceived coming from Dunness which steered East by North and E. N. E. not regarding that the latter part of the tyde sets into the Isle of Wight which were brought on the Owers unexpectedly If you are acquainted with them you may sayl to the northwards between them and the Land The Black-Rocks From St. Hellens-point Black-Rock being the eastermost Point of the Isle of Wight runneth off a Riff E. N. E. two miles into the Sea called the Black-Rocks when Calver-Cliff is hid behind the North-east Point of the Island then are you within this Riff come no nearer it than in seven or eight fathom The Horse Within the foresaid Riff in the Fair-way Horse between the Island and the Main lyeth a Shoal called the Horse The Marks for it are when South-sea Castle and a square Steeple within the Land are both in one then are you thwart it The Mark to go clear Marks is to keep Portsmouth Castle on the West side of the Wood this Mark will carry you between the Horse and the Main on it at low water you will have but ten foot About it is good shoaling come therefore no nearer it than in five or six fathoms When St. Helens Church bears S.W. by West from you then the South-east end of the Horse bears north-North-east by North
and the North end North by East from you nomans-Nomans-Land Eastwards from the Point of the Road of Newport Nomans-Land lyeth a broad Sand called Nomans-Land which falleth almost dry at low-water it is so steep that half a Cables length from it is twelve fathoms deep When the Town of Ride and the Wind-mill which standeth S. S. W. from it are both in one then are you thwart the midst of it If you come so near the Shoar that the Wind-mills on the High-land of Wight be hid with the Land then will you be aground against it but as long as they are open you need not fear The Brambles Betwixt Cowes-Road and Calshot-Castle Brambles lyeth a hard Shoal nearest the North Shore in the Fair-way called the Brambles and reacheth as far thwart as Newport at low-water and Spring-tydes it falleth almost dry then you may know it by the Sea breaking over it To avoid it keep close to the Isle until you come into Cowes-Road The Swing-hills West about a mile from Hurst-Castle Swing-Hills lyeth the North Point of the Swing-hills which you must be very careful to keep clear of that sayl in or out at the Needles for the Flood setteth on the Needles and the Ebb on the said Swing-hills Therefore if you go out on the Ebb you must lie off South or South by West In sayling in at the Needles you must come within a Cables length of them to avoid the foresaid Shoal where you will have five fathom at low-water The Eddystone Two leagues South Eddystone a little easterly from Ram-head lyeth a Rock above-water called Eddystone It lyeth from the Point of Plymouth N. N. E. distant about four leagues being alwayes above water Sunken-Rocks in Plymouth-Sound In the Sound of Plymouth 〈…〉 Sound not far to the northward of the Manstone lie two or three sunken Rocks on which is at low-water not above three fathoms The Marks for them are these To the eastwards of Plymouth standeth a Tower called Mount-Batten with a Mill and to the eastwards of Drakes-Island standeth a House called Mount-Edgcomb when the Turret thereof cometh over the Point on the West side of the Island and Mount-Batten and the Mill come one in the other then are you upon the innermost Sunken-Rock which bath on it four fathom at low-water But when the Point of Hamose cometh without the Point to the westward of the Island and the foresaid Tower and Mill one in the other then are you on the outermost Rock where is at low-water and Spring-tydes three fathom and a half The Manacles To the northwards of the eastermost Point of the Lizard The Manacles betwixt Hilford and the foresaid Point lie some Rocks a league and half from the Shore called the Manacles South by East from the Harbour of Falmouth and E. N. E. from the Point many whereof do appear at low-water at some of them at high betwixt them and the Shore it is very foul and rocky so that you cannot 〈◊〉 through betwixt them without great danger 〈◊〉 you come out of Falmouth and are bound to the â—â—â—twards you must not come near the South than S. S. E. and South-east by South according as the Wind shall be for to run clear of the foresaid Rocks A Sunken-Rock near the Lands-end About a league West from the Lands end A sunken Rock near the Lands-end and half a league without the Land lyeth a sunken Rock which is dry at low-water Thwart of the Rock standeth a Church upon the Land which when you can but see over the high Land then are you thwart the said Rock But when the Church is hid behind the Land that you cannot see it then are you nearer the Land than the Rock so may you go through betwixt it and the Land but keeping the Church open of the Land then are you clear without it The Long-ships At the Lands end of England lies the Long-ships Long-ships you may run within them as well to the northwards as to the southwards of them and come to an anchor in eight or nine fathoms coming in there from the southwards it is narrowest but ten fathom Close to the North Point of the Lands-end lyeth also a sunken Rock which you must avoid when you sayl in there The Seven-stones Between the Lands-end and Silly Seven-Stones lie the Seven-stones West and West by South almost four leagues from the Lands-end and N. E. by East and E. N. E. almost three leagues from Silly which is a range of Rocks that appear not above-water but you may see it break over them The Gulf. S.S.W. S.W. by South 3 leagues from the Lands-end and five leagues East from Silly lyeth a sharp Rock called the Gulf which cometh at half-flood above water and is round about indifferent clean A Table of the Soundings coming into the Channel according to the respective Bearings and Distances of several Places viz. Silly Seams Ushant c. Shewing also the Nature of the Ground Names Bearings Distan Depth Latit Nature of the Ground     G. M.  Silly North. 10 or 12 65 49 15 Broken Shells with white and red Sand. Silly E. N. E. 7 60 49 15 Some black Sand. Silly E. N. E. 16 or 20 80 49 15 A kind of Rocky Ground Silly E. by N. 14 or 16 72 49 15 A Peppery Sand with yellow Sand amongst it Silly E. by N. 7 or 5 72 49 15 Oazy like to Mustard-seed with broken Shells amongst it Silly E. N. E. 8 60 49 15 Black Sand. Silly E. N. E. 7 60 49 30 Small Sand. Silly N. E. by E. 20 or 22 85 49 10 Sand and Owse together Silly N. E. by E. 10 55 49 20 Small white and red Sand with Shells amongst it like Nits Silly N. E. by N. 10 57 49 20 Small red Sand. Silly E. by N. 14 or 16 72 48 50 Sand somewhat peppery black and yellow Silly N. E. by E. 50 100 49 50 White Sand with Owse and Nits amongst it Silly N. W. 4 or 5 50 50 10 Branny Sand and black Sand amongst it as it were Nits and many black and broken Shells Silly E. by S. 8 58 50 12 Owsey Sand and some of St. Jame's Shells amongst it Silly S. S. E. 5 45 50 12 White Sand Shells amongst it Silly E. by N. 25 72 49 50 Stones black white and red with Owse amongst it Silly N. E. by E. 25 64 49 50 Branny Sand and Shells white and red like grains of Meal Silly N. E. by E. 6 48 49 10 Black Sand. Silly E. N. E. 7 60 49 40 Black Sand. Silly South 5 50 50 20 Branny Sand as big as Wheat-meal Silly N. E. 10 65 49 40 Small branny Sand Herring-bones and small stones as it were Nettles Silly N. N. W. 33 77 48 52 Red Sand and Shells amongst it Silly N. W. by N. 7 54 49 40 Some more Shells the Lizard N. E. distance 18 leagues
a Bank whereon is two fathom betwixt the Head of Meyland and the same Bank men may run through in three sathom at half-flood under Calice-Cliff you may anchor in ten fathom but at the West end lyeth a Rock under water a Bow shot from the Land The Cliff The Cliff is the outer or westermost Bank and lyeth from Calice-Cliff N.N.E. about four leagues and a half and hath three fathom and a half water on it betwixt this and the Ruyting goeth a wide deep Channel of 23 and 24 fathom and lyeth in the Sea N. N. E. half easterly and S. S. W. half westerly and is in length almost three miles Ruyting The Ruyting is a Bank which lyeth from Calice-Cliff North-east by North about four leagues where you will have five or six fathom but on the South end is a Ridg of one fathom and a half this Sand lyeth in the Sea N. N. E. and S. S. W. in length almost seven miles when the South end of Winoxberg cometh betwixt the two flat Steeples to the westward of Dunkirk then are you thwart of the Ridg Also there standeth three or four Mills to the eastwards of Dunkirk when the outermost cometh ever the East end of the Town then the Steeple of Dunkirk shall bear from you South-east five leagues this is a good mark for the said Ridge This Saud is very dangerous because it lyeth in the Fair-way Dike The Dike is a Bank that lyeth from Calice-Cliff North-east nine miles the depth of water on it is four and five fathom upon the South and North end of this Bank are Ridges on the southermost is but one fathom and lyeth upon the Marks of Wynoxberge about North-west somewhat westerly from Dunkirk on the northermost there is about four fathom and two foot and lyeth N. W. from the Cloyster Tenduynen it lyeth in the Sea N. N. E. and S. S. W. in length four leagues and a half Rattle The Rattle is a Bank which lyeth from Calice-Cliff North-east by East and hath 3 4 and 5 fathom water on it on the South end is a Ridge where you have but one fathom at low-water at Spring-tydes these Ridges fall dry Between this and the Dike goeth a Channel of twelve fathom to the northward until you are against the Ridge hereof then you will have 9 4 7 and 17 fathom then are you clear of it Betwixt it and Broad-bank goeth a great Channel of 19 and 20 fathom in all the Channels betwixt the said Banks you may turn to windward from one Bank to another and anchor betwixt them where you will this Bank lyeth in the Sea N. N. E. and S. S. W. in length four leagues being about four and three quarters distant from Calice-Cliff Broad-Bank The South end hereof lyeth from Calice-Cliff N. E. by East three leagues three quarters and hath a Ridge on the South end where there is but half a fathom at low-water this Bank lyeth in the Sea North-east and South-west being in length five leagues on the S. W. end you have 5 7 and 8 fathom and on the N.E. end 1 1 and a half 2 2 and a half 3 4 and 5 fathom from the S. side which is convex runneth off a Spit E.N.E. 3 miles whereon is but 1 and a half and 2 fathom the N.E. end lyeth from Newport West by North 4 leagues and a quarter and from the Cloyster of Tenduynen North-west by North three leagues and a half When Graveling is South-East from you then are you thwart of the South end of the foresaid Banks and when Newport is South-east by East then are you thwart of the North end of them Splinter The Splinter is a Bank which runneth off from the wester Head of Dunkirk two leagues long which falleth dry at low-water in many places you may sayl behind this Bank by the shore from the westward almost to the westward Head of Dunkirk and there may anchor in 5 6 7 and 8 fathom about half a league from the westward Head there runneth a Channel through the foresaid Bank where small Ships may pass through at high-water the West end lyeth from Graveling N. N. W. four miles Quade-Bank or Brake The Quade-Bank runneth off to the eastwards of the Head of Dunkirk at least two leagues to the westward ending thwart the Heads of Dunkirk to the eastward of the easter Head you may anchor behind the Bank sheltered for a North-west a North and Northeast Winds you have two fathoms there at low-water but in the coming in it is shoaler before the Havens Mouth of Dunkirk is nine and ten fathom and to the westward of the wester Head 6 7 and 8 fathom from thence men may run over the small Bank in three fathom and come against the Broad-bank North-Cames North-Cames is a Bank which lyeth near the North end of the Brakes and lyeth from Dunkirk N. N. E. about a league being in length two miles whereon you will have but two foot at low-water but on the East side 7 8 and 9 fathom Cames The Cames is a Bank whereon there are many Ridges which have but 2 fathom at low-water you may run through between the Land and this Bank in 8 9 10 fathom and may ride theâ—e for all winds it lyeth from Dunkirk North-east four miles and from the Sâ—â—â—es one mile Brewers-Bank The Brewers-Bank is triangular and lyeth thwart of the Cloyster Tenduynen W. N. W. from the shore about a league in the Sea when the said Cloyster lyeth South from you then are you at the innermost part hereof you may run through between the Land and this Bank in four fathom and low-water but men do run commonly about to the westwards of it when they sayl through within the Banks alongst the Coast of Flanders Small-Bank On Small-bank you have but two three and four fathom at low-water and lyeth without the Cames and Brewers-bank about a mile and half and from the shore a league it lyeth in the Sea North-east by East and South-west by West in length almost two leagues it lyeth from Dunkirk North. Stone-Bank When the Cloyster of Tenduynen beareth from you South-east then are you thwart of the Stone-Bank or the Ridge which is on the middle of it whereon there is but three foot at low-water and sometimes falleth dry at Neap-tydes this Bank lyeth from the shore about five miles and hath on the East side a Hook which lyeth to the eastwards running to nothing almost against Newport on it you have three fathom in the Channel between this and the Small-bank there is 7 8 and 9 fathom between the South-west end of this and the Broad-bank from which it is distant about a mile runneth also a Channel of 6 7 8 9 and 10 fathom Call-Bank Call-bank of some called Small-bank which lyeth alongst by or without the Stone-bank almost a league betwixt them is a Channel of 7 9 and 10 fathom without it you have a Channel of 8 10 12 and 14 fathom
the north-North-east end is the going up the Weser where lyeth three Buoys and on the North-west end standeth a Beacon The Hooge The Hooge is a great Flat which joyneth to the Land of Languarden being seven mile in breadth running from the said Point North-west four leagues where it endeth with a Tayl called Smits-tayl on the North side hereof lyeth many Buoys which is the Weser-Channel Weser and in this side are many Swatches The South-Grounds The South-Grounds are great Flats which lie in all alongst the Coast of Reydinger-Land in some places distant from the Shore about four leagues on the South-west side of it goeth up the Weser this is called Black-ground on the North-west side called Witteground whereon goeth many Swins or Channels viz. Broad-Channel the South Channel of Wester-Till the North-broad Channel of Easter-Till on the North-side called New-work-ground by it goeth in the Channel called the Elve 〈◊〉 2. where lie many Buoys to direct you up Here also runneth in another Swin called Emder-Channel Lâ—â—derhaeuicl about a league from the North-west point hereof lyeth a small Sand called Middle-sand at the North-west end of it lyeth a Buoy which is distant from the middle-buoy on Rode-sand about two mile between which goeth in the Channel of the Weser North-Ground North-Ground lyeth on the North side of the Elve from the South side hereof runneth off a Sand called Vogel-sand West five leagues into the Sea on the Tayl thereof you will have first three fathom and a half then five afterwards seven eight nine and ten fathom On the South side goeth in the Elve on the North side the North-Elve From the West side hereof a Flat called the North-Ground whereon there is seven and eight fathom on the South side of this Sand lyeth also a Shoal called New-ground having a Buoy at the West end of it between the North-Ground and the Shore lyeth a great Shoal running off from the Shore at least two leagues the North-east corner of the North-Ground is distant from Busen a mile Hodemer-Sand Iseren Hendrick and Blavoort Hodemer-sand lyeth on the North side of North-Ground between which goeth a small Channel called the Pype on the East side there is another small Channel called the Pype going into the Elve on this side of the Sand standeth two Beacons on the North side hereof lyeth a Sand called Iseren-Hendrick between these goeth the Channel called the North-Pipe from the said Hendrick runneth off a Sand to the westward called Blavoort beging in length four mile and a half from this runneth off a Tayl West 3 leagues whereon there is two and three fathom and is called the Tayl of the Plaet Blavoort on the North side hereof runneth in the Channel of the Eyder Eyâ—â— where lie Booys to direct you through Ballast-Plaet Ballast-Plaet runneth off from Schulper-Zill into the Eyder-Channel on the North-east side whereof standeth three Beacons from whence it runneth alongst the Coast of Ditmarschen until you come to Busen in which there are many Swins on the West corner standeth a Beacon and on the North-west side lie three Buoys New-Ground or Broad-Rug New-ground is a Sand which lyeth on the North side of the Eyder-Channel on the South-west side whereof stand four Beacons from the eastermost Beacon called the Hulk to the westermost Beacon of the Ballast-Plaet the course is East by North a mile between this Sand and the Shore goeth a small Channel the westermost end hereof is called Broad-Rug New-Grounds New-grounds are three Sands which lie on the West side of Eyder-land not above three Cables length from the Shore at Ebb between these and the southermost goeth a Channel called Oudeland-deep Oudeland-deep in the northermost is a small Island called Utto these Sands lie off in the Sea two leagues The Quade The Quade is a Sand which lyeth on the South side of the Hever distant from East-Hever West by North five mile on this Sand standeth two Beacons on the South side of this Sand goeth in a Channel South-Channel called South-Channel East three mile from this lyeth a Sand with two other Beacons on it Nuval Elan and Gorde Nubal Elan and Gorde are broken Grounds which lie about the Island Strant from which there runneth out Shoals on every side of the said Island The Voren The Voren is a Shoal which encompasseth the Island Ameren and St. Jans making a Channel between them and Strant called Small-deep on the North-cast side thereof runneth another small Channel which is caused by a Shoal which runneth off from the Shore on the North side of which runneth up a Channel to Luck-Tonderen Silter-Riff Silters-Riff runneth off from the South Point of the Island Silt running off S. S. W. four leagues on the East side of it runneth the Channel called Silter-deep Silte-deep on the North end of the Island lyeth four A Chart of FLANDERS Between Calm and Walcheren will all the sands and shoals upon that coast by John Seller Hydrog Regiis A Chart of the SANDS CHANNELS BUOYES BEACONS AND SEA-MARKS upon the coast of ENGLAND From Dover to the Northwards of Orfordness by John Seller Hydrographer to the King Sands between them and the Land goeth up Land-deep there goeth up also another Channel called New-deep Rust and the Land being on one side and the Maker Berling-sand and Haef-sand on the other Coer-Sand and Iurt-Sand This Sand reacheth on the Coast from Ripen to Lutke Tondo running off so far until it encompasseth the Island Mann and Rem between which Islands on the Sand standeth a Beacon Phann Knuts Phanu-Knuts is a Shoal from the North-west Head of Phanu by which goeth in a Channel called Graeuwdeep on the North side of which Channel near the Point of Langeleg Wisdick lyeth a small Sand called VVisdycksand Also at the South end of the Island Phanu betwixt Manu and it wherein there is some broken ground on the South side of this Sand lie two Buoys within Phanu on the Shore of Jutland from Ripen to Holm-head running a mile from the Shore Riefhorn Rief-born runneth off from Horn from whence it taketh its name West by South eighteen leagues whereon you have three four and five fathom a league to the northward of it lyeth another small Shoal seven leagues in length on the South side of it near the Shore lyeth a small Sand called Doel-sand Docl-sand on the North side close to the Shore lyeth another small Shoal called the Uyl Uyl Iutland-Riff Jutland-Riff is a great Shoal which runneth many leagues West by North into the Sea whereon you will have 10 12 16 18 20 fathom c. Directions for sayling into the Harbours and Channels on the Coast of Holland and Zealand from Ameland to the Weilings Shewing the Marks and Depths of Water for Piloting a Ship through any of them Ameland-Gat TWO leagues to the eastwards of the Schelling lyeth Ameland lying E. N. E. and W. S. W. 4 great leagues upon the
West end of Ameland standeth a Cape and a great thick flat Steeple called the Hoelm the Roof of the Church is broken off but the after-form with the Roof standeth above the side Walls to the eastward of the Church of Hoelm standeth a Mill with a House to the westward of the Mill also a broad flat Tower About the place where Midland-Church was wont to stand lie three or four Sand-hills which are low flat and long toward the East end it is knobby Land with white Sand among it From the East end of Ameland runneth off a Riff almost three leagues into the Sea Born-Riff called Born-Riff which is upon the out-side very steep come no nearer it than twelve fathom coming from the eastwards you cannot sayl within it but sayling alongst by it in seven fathom you shall not run a Bowls cast alongst without it For to sayl into Ameland-Gat coming out of the Sea To sayl into Ameland Gat coming out of the Sea bring the Cape upon the East end of the Schelling right over the Steeple of Horn which shall then bear from you S.S.W. or a little more westerly sayl in right with them until that the Cape upon Ameland and the Steeple of Hoelm are one over the other then leave the first Marke and sayl in upon the second and you shall find the outermost Buoy which lyeth somewhat within the outermost Point of Born-Riff Coming from the eastwards run alongst by the Strand of the Schelling in five or five fathom and a half at low-water and you shall not fail to sayl right upon the outermost Buoy and then the Church and Steeple upon Ameland shall also come one over the other and bear from you East or a little more southerly Coming alongst by the Schelling in four fathom you shall not sayl within the Koggedeeps-ground over against them lyeth the first Buoy on the South side of Born-Riff run alongst to the southwards of it keeping the Cape and Steeple one over the other until you be past the second Buoy which lyeth thwart of the West end of Kamper-sand the Fair-way betwixt these Buoys The going into Ameland is five and six fathom deep Being past the second Buoy bring the Steeple somewhat to the northwards of the Cape and go on N.E. towards the third Buoy upon Gerritshouden for to avoid the Plat which lyeth off from the South side towards Born-Riff on it lie two white Buoys the first over against the aforesaid third black Buoy the other over against the fourth black Buoy lying from the third about S.E. leave the black Buoys all on the Larboard-side and the white on the Starboard and run through so betwixt them both the Plats is on the North side indifferent flat so that you may run to it upon the Lead reckon well your Tydes especially be careful of a fore-Ebb which falleth very strong over the Channel N. N. W. into Sea over Born-Riff Betwixt the second and third Buoy in the Fair-way it is 8 9 fathom Between the third and the aforesaid Plat 7 fathom Being past the fourth Buoy both sides are very steep and the Fair-way 8 9 10 and 12 fathom deep go then in S. S. E. until that the Steeple of Holm come over the South Point of Ameland where the Boats lie and then you come in the Bight where it is on the South side flat and good anchoring in five or fix fathom the North Shore is very steep For to sayl further into Horsen For to sayl into Horsen Go away from the Bight E.N.E. alongst by the South side in 5 or 6 fathom so long until Heynooms-Chamber being a red tyled House come a hand-spikes length to the northwards or to the eastwards of Holm-Church anchor there in 5 or 6 fathom you shall lie there in good ground sheltered for all Winds also there goeth little Tide In this Fair-way it is twelve fathom deep the North shore is there very steep These foresaid depths like as those of the Fly are said to be at low-water Easter-Booms-Gat at the Schelling The Easter-Booms-Gat is altered very much the Schorre-grounds or as some call them Peters-grounds are overgrown very near to the Shore or Strand of the Schelling before it lies a Bank or little Sand-plat Betwixt the aforesaid Schorre or Peters-ground and the Strand is according to the testimony of Masters or Schippers who usually sayl in and out with their Smack-Ships about the half of a Ships length broad and about two Ships length long is upon the Plate or Bank 5 and 6 foot but between the Schorre or Peters-ground well 11 or 12 foot water so that if there lay on the corner of the Schorre or Peters-ground a buoy or Mark to discern or find this Entrance or Gap one could then very easily sayl in or out with a Fluyt-ship but seeing the Place is not marked with a buoy it is judged uneasie to be used by great Ships and only navigable for Smacks Coming from the East and having Midland-Church standing upon the Schelling S.S.E. from you then you are near about the said Bank and seeing there is nothing else to be written of this Easter-Booms-Gat we will leave it and pass over to the Description and Scituation of the Wester-Booms-Gat Wester-Booms-Gat at the Schelling To sayl in at the Wester-Booms Channel coming from the West Bring the Cape and Tower of Brandaries together that is East and East by South from you thereupon you must run to find the outermost Buoy there is fix fathom water keep then the Cape and Tower so standing till you come to the second Buoy bring then the Tower a great hand-spikes length to the southwards of the Cape and sayl thereupon then you shall sayl betwixt a white and black Buoy there it is upon the shoalest 17 foot at low-water from thence you come to 6 and 7 fathom and then you come again in the right Booms-Channel on the North Wall it is deepest it is wide and broad so that you cannot well bear it up the Stream runs there of it self right in in still weather The Ietting To sayl into the Jetting coming through the Robbe-Gat about the Rosyne-Plat You must run towards the Buoy upon Longe-sand and forth between the White and Black Buoys leaving in sayling up the Black on the Larboard and the White on the Starboard till you come by the Beacons on the Nakens you may easily see from Buoy to Buoy sayl then forth alongst by the Beacons upon the Nakens E. S. E. on till Brandaries cometh hard by Grind Grind. but not upon it keep them so standing and run southwards on and you shall sayl upon the Buoy on the tayl of Hendricks-Taerts-Plate these you may under-sayl on the East side leave them on your Larboard and run on West away S. S. E. to the last buoy that lyeth upon the South point of the aforesaid Hendrick't-Taerts-Plate Over against the Beacons upon the Nakens lie on the South Wall two
white Buoys the most easterly lyeth upon the Tayl which sayling off you may under-sayl southward between the two last black Buoys by the West Coast is the Road where the Ships which are bound to Harlingen set on to lighten Note ☞ All the depths here before rehearsed as well of Stortmeleck as of the Booms-Gat are said of the lowest water at half-flood is three foot deeper it floweth upon these at the aforesaid places with a common Tyde five and a half or six foot up and down The numbers of the depths set down in the Card of the Fly and Ameland-Gat are to be understood for feet As for Example By the outer Buoy of the Boomkens-Gat stand 66 that is 66 foot or 11 fathom six foot being reckoned for a fathom Stortemeleck To sayl into Stortemeleck that is the Land-deep of Ulie-land Bring the Cape that is on the East end of ulie-Ulie-land and the Light-house together they shall then bear from you S. S. E. or a little easterly sayl thereupon and you shall fall right on the first Buoy that lyeth on five fathom on the outermost of the long Bank the Bank is on the North side reasonable plain so that those who come out of the North may run thereby on the Lead in five or fix fathom and so likewise find the outermost Buoy If need require men may run over the end of the long Bank but not too far eastwards of the outermost Buoy in 3 fathom or 18 foot Towards the Shore though not eastward of the second Buoy but a good way westward lyeth right southward the point of another small Tayl whereupon near the Buoy it is no more than 11 foot water between this Tayl and the long Bank runneth a Chop in the Ground to the eastward of five fathom deep It happeneth sometimes that Ships coming over the end of the Long-Bank and finding again deeper water do think themselves to be in the right depth of Stortemeleck whereupon they luff but run in the aforesaid Chop in betwixt the two foresaid Tayls and if with a westerly wind not without great danger and yet must run out again backward coming out of the West along by Ulie-land in 4 or 5 fathom you shall not miss to run the foresaid outermost Buoy in sight he that in the night falleth about Stortemeleck let him bring the Light-house S. S. E. from him and run thereupon till he come nearer the Shore he shall run to the westwards of the outermost Buoy within Stortemeleck there lie 7 black Buoys with one white Buoy sayling in leave all the black on the Larboard and run along the southward leave the white on the Starboard even as all other white Buoys as well in Booms-Channel the Jetting as upon the Ulie-Stream In coming from Stortemeleck you must somewhat shun the Shore for it hath a Shoal right over against the first Buoy The second Buoy called the Outermost-Drooge-drie Droog-drie lyeth on 11 foot upon the ridge of the shoalest of the Channel South thereof is also not more than 11 foot water and a little further again 16 foot deep The third called the Innermost-Drooge-drie lyeth in 16 foot the right depth betwen both is 3 fathom The fourth is called Heyckboeck between this and the third the right depth is 5 fathom Over against the fourth lyeth the white Buoy on the Strand hard by runneth a little Tayl from the Shore which you may undersayl when you sayl outwards to this white Buoy or to the third which from without it stretcheth E. N. E. in from the fourth to the fifth almost East and further more and more southerly The fifth Buoy is called the Outermost Corner Buoy the sixth the Middlemost Corner Buoy and the seventh or last the Innermost Corner Buoy betwixt the Outermost and Middlemost Corner Buoy the next Outermost runneth a Tayl from the Shore which you may undersayl from without this groweth sometimes almost as far as the Buoy then breaketh the depth by the Wall again through and scoures the Tayl wholly to the North Shore from the Innermost Buoy men run forth alongst by the Strand of Ulie-land or southward to the Buoy upon the Plate To sayl in at the Spaniards-Channel For to find the Spaniards-Channel coming from the northwards You must bring the Capes upon Huysdown one in the other or a little through one another to wit the Runner that is the southermost and greatest a little to the eastwards of the other then they shall bear S. S. E. from you sayl then in right with them keeping them so and you shall sayl right upon the outermost Buoy or in sight of it which lyeth as is said upon the Point of the Keysers-Plate in 22 foot at low-water When you come to the Buoy Keysers-Plate the Kooger-Church shall lie full E. N. E. from you Therefore if you come from the westwards or southwards then bring that Church not more northerly from you then E. N. E. but rather a little more easterly and sayl then right in with it until that the Capes come one right against another or else you shall lightly sayl upon the Keysers-Plate which is without upon the North side very steep Men may run a little westwards of the Outermost Buoy alongst to the castwards of it it is broader From the first or the outermost Buoy to the second the course is South somewhat westerly and from thence to the third fourth and fifth which is the Buoy of the Cape and Steeple it is almost one course S. S. E. or somewhat southerly the Buoys lie along the West Shore men may for need sayl alongst to the westwards of them but not far for the West Shore is so steep that if a great Ship should lie with the Stern against it there should be no more than 3 foot at Head and by the main Mast at least three fathom deep but the East Shore is flat you may run alongst by it upon your Lead until you come within the Buoys The Buoy upon the Tayl that is the innermost Old-Slenk upon the Buoy of the Old-Slenk lies from the Buoy upon Cape and Steeple South by West and S. S. W. but the Helder S. E. then you may sayl from the Buoy upon Cape and Steeple right with the Helder without danger or to the Buoy upon the Tayl and from thence alongst by the South Shore which is also very steep or right to the Helder as shall be most convenient for the Wind and Tyde The Fore-flood sets very strong over the South-ground to the Spaniards-Channel till half-flood and the Fore-ebb S. S. E. till half-ebb The Helder lyeth from the Buoy upon the Tayl E. S. E. and S. E. by East When you are come near the Helder run close by it so to avoid a Tayl shooting off from Geest-sand which you may sayl within as you come from Sea there lyeth a Buoy upon it which leave on the Larboard-side being past the Helder go N. E. or a
and at some places 10 and 11 fathom as it is shewed in the Chart by the number of feet and all at low-water A Chart of the EEMES ELVE Amelander gat Lauâ—ers Schollâ—â—lgh Weser Eyder and isever and how the same doth bare from Holy land by John Seller A Chart of the Coast of IUTLAND with the Adjacent Islands shoals and depthes from the Hever to the Schaw by John Seller A Chart of the SOUTH SEA Texel and Fly-stream with all the Sands Depths and Soundlings by John Seller A Chart of the EEMES as the Easter and Wester Eeams Scholbalgh the Lauâ—â—er by John Seller A Chart of the FLY and AMELANDER gat by John Seller A Chart of the WESER and Iade by John Seller Regis Hydrographus A Chart of the MAES 〈◊〉 Showing the Chanâ—â—â— of Brewers haven Zierick and Viergat by Iohn Seller Regis Hydro The Coast of HOLLAND Between the Maes and the Texel by Iohn Seller Regis Hydrog Directions for Sayling into all the Harbours upon the East-Coast of England from the Downs to Flambrough-head shewing the Marks for bringing a Ship to an anchor in any of the Roads and Harbours on the said Coast The Depth and Soundings amongst the Sands and the Nature and Quality of the Ground With the setting of the Tydes c. Directions for the Mouth of the River FRom the Point of the Hope called Sands-bead-Point down as far as the Isle of Sbeppy the Reach lyeth East and West A little below Sands-bead-Point is Cliff-Creek and between this Creek and that Point lyeth Blyth-Sand which lyeth close by the Shore whereon is but seven foot at low-water Right against Cliff-Creek lyeth Shell-haven on the North side and a little below that lyeth Hull-Haven about a Cables length from the Shore lyeth Rocks Hull-Haven-Scarrs called Hull-Haven-Scars which are very dangerous for a Ship that draweth but twelve foot water hath been aground on them A mile to the eastwards of these Rocks is the entrance into Lee-Swatch the Chanuel going into Lee is at the eastermost part of the Sand between the Marsh Point and it A mile below this entrance into Lee Canvey-Island right against which Town is a low Island called Canvey and from the eastermost Point runneth off a Sand four miles in length Chapman There is also a Sand called the Chapman lyeth far from the Shore and is steep too for close by it you will have seven fathom water and the next cast a-ground and to the eastward of the Chapman lyeth a smooth Sand which is dry at low-water and between this Sand and the Kentish Shore there are two middle Grounds which do tayl down from Shooberry to the Whitaker and there is no riding for a Ship that draweth 17 18 or 19 foot water From between Shooberry-ness and the Nower and so down to Black-tayl Warp there lyeth a Sand called the Warp whereon there is not above three fathom and a half or four fathom at low-water on the southermost side right against Shooberry-ness is a Sand called the Nower whereon is a Buoy which is right against the West-swayl coming out of the Waters of the Medway which lyeth between the Isle of Grean and the Isle of Sheppy Directions for sayling from Tilbury-Hope down to the Buoy of the Nower When you break ground from Tilbury-Hope if the wind be foutherly Blyth-sand keep the South Shore close aboard but be careful of Blyth-sand which lyeth close to the South-shore and accordingly observe these marks to carry you clear of it keep the Steeple of Tilbury-Church a great Sayls breadth without Sands-bead-Point or if it be in the Night or hasey weather keep your Lead and come not within five fathom at low-water and seven fathom at high-water on the South side and that depth will carry you clear with out the Sand Nower-bead and those depths will lead you down to the Nower-head But if the wind be northerly then you must keep the North-shore which is steep too until you come as low as Hull-haven and so keeping the Soundings aforesaid you may come down to the Nower and if you please you may come to an anchor at the East end of the Nower and that you may know how to anchor clear of the Sand bring Prickelwel steeple a Sayles breadth to the eastward of the Wood that is on the North-shore by the water side and there you may come to an anchor Directions to sayl from the Nower to the northward through the Swin From the tayl of the Nower or thwart of Shooberry-ness to the Black-tayl the course is E. N. E. Black but if the wind be westerly you may keep along the Essex-shore and you may wear off and on the Sand in six or seven fathom water or keep the Hill to the westward of Bemfleet open of Hadly-land above Lee and that Mark will lead you down to Black-tayl Thwart marks for the Black-tayl are the tuft of Trees upon the Kentish-shore called Challock-Trees right over the Isle of Sheppy commonly called the Lands-end from the Black-tayl to the Shoâ—-beacon the course is north-North-east and you may borrow off and on upon the Sand in 6 7 or 8 fathom water until you come to the Shoo-beaton for there it is deeper and steep to the Land This Deep is called the Shoo-hole Shoo-hole where you shall have 10 11 12 or 13 fathom according as the Tyde is by which depth you may know where you are and the Hole is not above half a mile in length Right against the Shoo-beacon the tayl of the East-barrows-bead East-Rarâ—w â— extends from the eastwards very far so that the Channel is narrowest in that place and is not a mile over From the Shooe to the Whitaker-beacon the course is N. N. E. if the wind be westerly you may borrow upon the Sand in six or seven fathom and when you are right thwart of the Whitaker-beacon the Mouth of Bornam-water will be directly West from you and the spire Steeple that is three miles to the northward of Bornam will bear North-west half northerly From the Whitaker to the Buoy of the Buxey Buoy of the Buâ—ey or the entring in of the Spit the course is North by East about 5 miles you may borrow upon this Sand in five six or seven fathom which will carry you clear within two middle Grounds that lyeth between you and the East-barrows on the westermost middle Ground there is ten foot at low-water but on the eastermost there is not so much for in some places it is almost dry At the South end of this Middle-ground there lyeth a Buoy which is almost a mile below the Whitaker-beaton Whitaker-Beacon if the wind be easterly you must be careful to give the Buoy a Birth for the tayl of that Sand is flat and tayleth over towards the Whitaker being to the North-west of this Buoy then edge over to the eastward and you shall have the deepest water toward that Sand
eastward along that Sand until you bring Prickelwel-Church which stands on the Essex-side below Lee open to the eastward of a thicket of high Trees that stands to the eastwards of that Church or the Spire-Steeple on the Island of Sheppy called Minster-Church right over the highest part of the red Cliff on the Island and with any one of these Marks you may bear over the Tayl of the Nower in three fathom at low-water and when you come into four or fix fathoms you must steer right in with Sheerness but if so be it be clear weather Marks there is direct Marks to carry you in or lead you out which is the Point of the Island of Grean which is on the Starboard-side of the River above Sheerness one open and shut of the other or if you can see Gillingham-Church which sheweth white right under the Point of a high Hill in the Countrey that maketh it like a Gurnets Nose like Portland any of these Marks will carry you right in but a little to the southward of the Tayl of the Nower there is a Middle-ground in these Marks on which there is not above fifteen foot water to avoid which if the Wind be northerly then keep alongst the Nower until you be a quarter of a mile to the southwards of the Beacon and then bear over into the aforesaid Marks or if the Wind be southerly and you are coming from the Eastwards at low-water and would go in then borrow off and on upon the Cant in three fathom and a half and four fathom and continually keep your Lead if it be thick weather that you cannot see your leading marks for there lyeth a Spit from the Cant your thwart mark whereof is Charlock Trees a little to the eastwards of the falling of the Land of Sheppy from Minster or that brow of the Hill S. S. E. from you you must at the first cast of the Lead that you find it shoal bear round off until you deepen your water again then borrow on again on that side and so you may go in in thick weather or in the night and when you come near Sheerness your water will suddenly deepen to 10 or 12 fathom this is called Sheerness-hole Sheerness-Hole and being aboard the Ness you may anchor where you please but if you anchor near the Ness you shall have no less than 16 or 17 fathom if you be bound up the River of Medway to shun a Bank of Owze that lyeth on the third part of the Channel over from the South-west Point of the River that goeth into Quinborough-Creek and by the same directions you may carry a Ship out of Medway down to the eastwards or into the River of Thames or to the northwards Directions for sayling from the Buoy of the Nower over the Flats and through the Narrow into the Downs From the Buoy of the Nower to the Buoy of the Oaze-edge the course is East one quarter northerly and West one quarter southerly distant about five miles betwixt the Buoy of the Oaze-edge and the Buoy of the Red-sand lyeth a round Shoal called the Spile Spile and bears South from the Buoy of the Oaze-edge on which shoal there is but six foot at low-water the Buoy of the Red-sand bears from the Buoy of the Oaze-edge East half northerly and West half southerly four miles If the weather be clear you may have a direct longst mark that will lead you down directly between the Oaze-edge A 〈…〉 and the Red-sand viz. you will see a â—ound Tree on the Island Grean keep that Tree in the Valley between the little Hills that are upon the High-lands next to the westermost end of the Isle of Grean and this mark so kept will lead you down The eastermost part of the Red-sand lyeth out with two Tongues Red-sand on the northermost of which is placed the Buoy The Marks for the buoy of the Red sand from the Land is to bring the Lands-end of Sheppy S. W. and St. Nicholas-Wood in the Gore open of the Reculvers South-east the Channel goeth in betwixt the Oaze-edge and the Red-sand The depth betwixt them is 10 and 11 fathom From the Buoy of the Red-sand to the Buoys of the Spell and Woolpack the course is N. W. by West one quarter northerly and S. E. by South one quarter southerly over the Flats where you will have at low-water on this course 10 foot and in some holes 15 or 16 foot water About a quarter of a mile S.E. by South from the East end of the Spaniard Gilman lyeth the Gilman which falls cry at Spring tydes but if you keep the aforesaid Course you will not come neer it The Buoy of the Woolpack is the westermost Buoy in the Narrow on the North side of the Channel and lyeth on the West Spit of the Woolpack-sand and bears from the Reculvers-steeple North by West then have you two little Hills like to two Paps on the upper Land to the southwards just open and shut of the Reculvers-Steeple The Buoy of the Spell lyeth on the South side of the Channel a little to the eastward of the Buoy of the Woolpack betwixt these Buoys the Channel is a Cables length and a half broad and but nine foot deep at low-water The Buoy of the Searn is the eastermost Buoy that lyeth on the North side of the Channel the Steeple of the Reculvers bearing from the said Buoy South by West then have you a Wind-mill a little open of the Channel of Reculvers-Church The course upwards from this Buoy through the Narrow is W.N.W. and downwards it is E. S. E. The longst mark on the Shore is to bring Brinchington Church right over a Gaul or black Hole in the western part of the Cliff end On the North side of a Channel a little below the Buoy of the Searn 〈…〉 shooteth out a Shoal from Margaret-sand S. E. called the Hook it runneth so far to the southwards that it maketh the Channel very narrow The thwart Marks for this Sand is to bring Birchington-Steeple into a great Dauk or Valley of a Cliff then the Steeple will bear from you South-east five degrees foutherly the longst Mark is to bring St. Peters Church upon the West end of the Cliff The longst Mark to carry you clear of the Hook to the Buoy of the Searn is to bring St. Peters Steeple over the East side or Cliff of Westgate-bay You must keep them so till you bring Birchington Steeple over the Gaul when you take hold of that mark to go through a little above the Hook on the South side of the Channel A little below the Reculvers lyeth off a Shoal called the Horse Horse on which it is very shoal at low-water The marks to avoid it is to keep St. Peters Steeple on the East side of Westgate-bay a little upon the Cliff which mark you may use either going up or down Between the Hook of Margaret-sand and
the Buoy of the Searn is a good Road for Ships to ride in called the Gore Gore which is useful for Ships when they have not wind and weather to carry them over the Flats The Marks for the best Riding Marks for good anchorage Is to bring a Mill in the midst of a Wood near the Sea side and St. Peters Church in the midst of Westgate-bay together There is also a shoal called the Middle-ground at the Cliff end Middle-ground which lyeth a little below the Hook near the Shore on the South side on which there is but fourteen foot at low-water and on each side four fathom being a small narrow Ridge and lyeth E. N. E. and W. S. W. in longth three quarters of a mile The Mark to keep you clear Is to bring St. Peters Church over the East side of Westgate-bay or to bring the nethermost Tree on the next high Land to the westward of the Reculvers a little open to the southward This is also a good mark for the Hook downwards or from Margaret Sand upwards Margaret Sand lyeth before Marget and Westgate-bay on the North side of the Channel The East end of this Sand beareth from Marget Church North half westerly The Mark to go clear of the East end Is to bring Marget Steeple and the Wind-mill in one The depths you have along the Sand as you turn up and down are at the East end and so upward 9 8 7 6 5 fathom the greatest part of this Sand dries at low-water If you be to turn up in the Night between the Main and Marget-Sand you shall find by keeping of your Lead two Middle-grounds Middle-grounds upon the innermost Middle-ground you shall have five fathom and a half and to the southwards of it you shall have 6 7 or 8 fathom as the Tyde is high without the inner Middle-ground you shall have 8 9 or 10 fathom and then you shall have seven or eight as the Tyde is and without that nine or ten fathom and when it comes to shoal again you may be sure it is on the Sand and likewise the shoaling on the Main within the inner Middle-grounds these Middle-grounds do reach up to the Gore and the farther you come to the westwards the shoaler for they tayl unto the Searn and the Dry-sand without it which is called by some men the Girdler The Mark to Ride in Marget Road. The Mark to ride in Marget-Road Is to bring the Mill and Steeple together as far off the Shoar as you please to anchor The greatest part of Marget-sand dries at low-water from Marget-Town up to the Cliff end Above Birchington spits off several shoal places that must be taken care of in turning up and down especially at high-water near Marget stand no nearer the Shoar than six fathom and from Westgate-bay upward in five fathom The Mark to go clear of all the Spits below Marget-Town that runs off the Shoar on the North side of Foreland Is to keep the top of Marget-Steeple open above the Land and Fairness and Whiteness on the East side of the Foreland The Gore The Gore is a Road where Ships use to ride when they have not wind and weather to sayl over the Flats Marks of the best riding This Road is to the westward of the Hook of Marget-Sand and to the eastwards of the Buoy of the Searn The Mark for it Is to bring the Mill on the middle of a Wood near the Sea-side and St. Peters-Church in the middle of Westgate-bay Westgate-Bay Westgate-bay is a Road where Ships do use to ride A CHART of the NARROW SEAS Newly Corrected by Iohn Seller Hydrographer to the Kings most Excellent Majestie by reason there is more water and more drift and better ground for anchor-hold then is in the Gore The Mark for it Is to bring a Wind-mill on an old House in the middle of the Bay in seven or eight fathom water A Description of the Channels Black-Deeps The Black-deeps is a Channel that lyeth on the North-West side of the Pan-sands Pan-sands Girdler Long-sand Knock-John Girdler and the Longsand and runneth between them and the Shivering-sand Knock-John and the Sunk The westermost part of this Channel is but a mile in breadth viz. Betwixt the Shivering-sand and the Pan-sands Shivering-sand and all along the inside of the Shivering-sand you will have about ten fathom and on the outward side towards the Girdler several various depths but none less than seven fathom and all down the midst of the Channel you will have about fourteen and fifteen fathom unless it be toward the Sunk where you will have ten fathom The northermost Mouth of this Channel is near five miles betwixt the end of the Sunk and the Long-sand-head Barrow-Deeps The Barrow-deeps is a Channel that lyeth betwixt the Shivering-sand Knock-John and the East and West-barrows The North-east entrance into this Channel is about four miles broad and at the South-west entrance between the Mouse and the Shivering-sand it is about three miles In this Channel there be various depths of water as seven eight and nine fathom and in the midst of this Channel it is not above two miles broad The Narrow The Narrow is that Channel that runs between Marget-sand and the Main reaching from the North-foreland through the Buoys of the Woolpack and the Spell Woolpack and Spell in which Channel you will generally have five fathom in the midst at low-water The Swin The Swin is a Channel that leadeth from the Buoy of the Middle-ground up to the Buoy of the Nower having generally nine or ten fathom water in the midst of the Channel The Kings-Channel The Kings-Channel is a broad Channel that cometh out of the Sea from the northward and so passing upon the South-east side of the Gunfleet and the Northwest side of the Heaps and Middle-ground until it cometh into the Swin The Wallet The Wallet is a Channel that lyeth between the North-west side of the Gunfleet and the Main entring between the West-Rocks and the Buoy of the Gunfleet and cometh out again at the Spits The Spits The Spits is a Channel that passeth between the North-west end of the Gunfleet and the Buoy of the Buxey where at low-water is no more than six or eight foot and is but a quarter of a mile broad The marks to come in or out of the Wallet Is to bring the Steeple of Great-Holland which is a flat Steeple into a small Swamp in a red Cliff and then the Church will bear North half easterly and in going in you may steer North-east by North till your water deepen and then bear toward the Naze and the nearer you are to the Gunfleet the deeper water Directions to sayl from Margaret-Road to the North-Foreland and the Marks for both Channels in the Downs From Marget steer down alongst the Shore East and East by North as the Wind is but come no nearer the Shore than in seven or
W. come no nearer unto them than 12 or 14 fathom and that depth will carry you without the Owers Between East-borrough-head and the Owers about half a league North-west from the East-borrough-head there lyeth a Ledge of Rocks on the which at low-water there is not above six foot Thwart Mark for the Owers The thwart Mark for the Owers is Chichester Spire Steeple N.N.W. from you And for the other side of them for a longst Mark The longst Mark. set the Point of Donnose with your Compass it will bear directly West by South half South Donnose W. S. W. is right upon them To avoid these dangers if you be coming from the eastwards with a northerly Wind be sure to keep in eighteen fathom or more Also if you be coming from the westwards you must not steer East by North or keep your self in the above-said depth some that have been deceived coming from the westwards and being close aboard of Donnese have steered East by North and E. N. E. not regarding the latter part of the tyde of Flood which sets into the Isle of Wight they have been in shoal water on the Owers before they thought of them To sayl into the Camber of Rye To sayl into the Cambes of Rie coming from the West you must keep Beachy from the Point of Fairlee and run so toward the Ness then edge up to the westwards and leave the Beacons on the Starboard until you come before Camber Castle that standeth upon the souther shindle there you may anchor in four or five fathom from thence alongst even unto the Town of Rie it is all set with Beacons that stand alongst the East Shindle unto the Daries which at low-water fall dry Daries In sayling into Rie you must leave all the Beacons on the Starboard-side and run indifferent close alongst by them The Point of the Ness and Beachy lie W. S. W. and E. N. E. distant seven leagues Beachy lies by the seven white Clists the best known Land a man can see any where To the eastwards of Beachy you may anchor for westerly winds in six or seven fathom so that the Point be South and South by West from you To the westward of the Point of Beachy thwart the West end of the seven Cliffs right against the shindle where men may run alongst into New-Haven you may also anchor in 7 8 and 9 fathom From the said Point lyeth a little Shoal upon which there is at low-water and Spring-tydes scarce two fathom To sayl into New-Haven At the West end of the seven Cliffs lyeth New-Haven which hath two entrances to be used Of late there hath been some alterations of this â—â—bour the directions for which are not yet known the westermost lyeth in by the West Land and is not navigable but onely by small Vessels it falleth altogether dry at low-water The eastermost is commonly best and lyeth North-west by West in there is at high-water with a common Tyde not above seven and at Spring-tydes fourteen and fifteen foot within the Ships lie every Tyde dry except before the Village they remain afloat where they moor with four Cables fast on two green Shores upon these entrances you cannot well make any reckoning for they keep no certain depths for with southerly winds and stormy weather they are often cast too with a Shindle and opened again with a Freeshut To sayl into Shorum Shorum is a Tyde-Haven where is at high-water and Spring-Tydes eighteen foot but at low-water there remaineth no more than three foot for it floweth fifteen foot up and down there is twelve foot at high-water and three foot at common Tydes The Town of Shorum lyeth almost a mile within the Haven Vessels that draw but eight or nine foot can lie afloat a little below the Town at low-water or else they lie dry every where when you come from the Eastwards from Beachy or New-Haven alongst by the Shore you may see open into the Haven before you come thwart of it but coming from the westwards you shall not see it open before you come right against it because the West Point lyeth somewhat farther out than the East Point from the West Point runneth off a little tayl but at high-water you may run in alongst over it otherwise you must run in by the East Shore upon the East Point stand two Beacons which you must bring one in the other and so run in right with them until you come by the North Shore and then in alongst by it To sayl into Arundel About six leagues to the westward of New-Haven lyeth Arundel a Tyde-Haven where a Ship may go in at half-flood you must go in there by the West Land north-North-east in In the entry it is two and between the Land three fathom at high-water but within the Haven remaineth at low-water four and five fathom there you must anchor before the Village Between Seaford and Arundel you will find very good shoalings especially as far as Shorum you may stand to the Shore in seven or eight fathom and good ground to anchor if occasion require but to the westward of that it is flat off the Shore a league or two off you shall not have above seven or eight fathom South of Arundel about six or seven miles there lyeth a Bank called East-borrough-head East-Barrow-head which dryeth at low-water at Spring-tydes near upon a furlong To avoid this danger if you be bound to the Southward from Shorum run S. S. W. into the Sea until you get eighteen fathom and then you may steer boldly W. S. W. and that course will lead you without the Owers Close by this Shoal you shall have fifteen fathom Betwixt the Owers and Portsmouth goeth a great Sound or Haven with it lyeth the Town of Chichester Marks to go into the Isle of Wight If coming from the eastwards you desire to go into the Isle of Wight then when you have brought the Culvers-Cliff which is a white Chalk Cliff without St. Hellens W. N. W. then you may steer in right with it towards St. Hellens Point in this course you shall meet divers Overfalls whereon you water will shoal 1 2 or 3 fathom but if you be coming out of Wight with a Flood bound for the eastwards then especially the latter part of the Flood when you are without St. Hellens steer off S. S. E. and South by East if the Wind will give you leave until you have brought the above-said Cliff to bear North-west by West and North-west then steer off South-east by East or South-East until you come to sixteen or eighteen fathom a certain depth before you steer away East by North for the latter part of the Flood by reason of the Indraught of the Isle of Wight sets in from Donnose North-east by North and North-east as far to the eastwards as the Owers If in the Channel some five leagues from Donnose South-east there is a thwart Ledge or an Overfall
Allmountwise side it is bold and steep too If coming from the westward put in by a contrary Wind and bound for Cat-water between the Ram-head and Penley-point come not too near the Land for there lyeth a ledge of Rocks three or four Cables length and more from the Shore with the Spire Steeple right over a Hedge-Row also there lyeth a Rock a Cables length from Penley-point and being past that Point you may luff into Causon-bay and anchor there there is but very little good Ground except you be far into the Bay To sayl into Portsmouth If you go into Portsmouth you must go within a Stones cast of the Beach Marks to go into Porsmouth and keep the White Path open to the northward of the Castle going so near the Beach on the Starboard-side as that the old Church on Gosper-side may enter on the Point and so it carries you clear of the Shoals going in a little with the Gibbet To sayl within the Wight in thick Weather If you sayl between the Wight and the Main in thick weather you may borrow in six fathom off St. Hellens and steer N.W. by North and N.N.W. from St. Hellens Point until you have 12 fathom and then you steer more westerly as you may find your depth and come no nearer Nomans-Land than 9 or 10 fathom in that depth you may keep along the Wight side if the wind be southerly but if it be large you must keep in 14 or 15 fathom which will be a good birth from both sides and so steer West by South or W.S.W. as you find your depth until you come to the Cows Note That being about Stokes-bay you will have less water if you grow near to Cows there you may anchor in 12 or 14 fathom in the midst of the Channel where is good Oazy ground To sayl within the Isle of Wight coming from the East If you turn in at the Eastermost end of the Island to go in the Channel betwixt nomans-Nomans-Land and the Chain you must keep Gilkeker Tower in the middle of Cock-wood that is your leading Mark but if you turn in you may open it on each end of the Wood not opening it on either side you may stand over to the Main in seven or eight fathom and then about you must not stand longer towards either shore than 10 11 or 12 fathom for it is steep too and the next cast you may be aground From St. Hellens Point being the eastermost Point of the Isle of Wight runneth off a Riff E. N. E. two miles into the Sea when the Culver-Cliff is hid behind the North-east Point of the Island then are you within this Riff come no nearer it than seven or eight fathom Within the Riff in the Fair-way Marks of the Horse between the Island and the Main lyeth a Shoal called the Horse The Marks for it are these When South-Sea-Castle and a square Steeple within the Land are both in one then are you thwart of it The Mark to go clear of it is to keep Portsmouth-Castle on the West side of the Wood this Mark will carry you betwixt the Horse and the Main on it at low-water you will have but ten foot about it is good shoaling come therefore no nearer than five or six fathom When St. Hellens Church beareth South-west by West from you then the South-east end of the Horse bears north-North-east by North and the West end North by East from you To sayl to the westward from St. Hellens To sayl to the westward from St. Hellens Keep no nearer the Shore than you can see the Windmills which stand on the high-High-Land of the Wight open of the said Land lest you come on the broad Sand called Nomans-Land which lyeth from the Point of Newport-Road eastward alongst the Shore which falleth dry at low-water but close aboard of it you will have twelve fathom when the Town of Ride and the Windmill which standeth S. S. W. from it are both in one then are you thwart the midst of it if you come so near the Shore that the aforesaid Windmills be hid with the Land then will you be aground against it but as long as they are open you need not fear Cous-Road is the best Harbour in the Wight betwixt it and Calshot-Castle lyeth a hard Shoal nearest the North Shore in the Fairway Brambles called the Brambles and reacheth as far thwart as Newport at low-water and Spring-tydes it falleth almost dry then you may know it by the Seas breaking over it to avoid which keep close to the Island until you come into Cows-Road To sayl into Stokes-Bay If you go into Stokes-bay you must leave South-Sea-Castle on Hyant-Wood or the Wood to the Northeastward of Portsmouth and then steer in with the Old Castle that is to the eastward of Stokes-bay keeping it somewhat on the Starboard-side and so bear in till you bring the Windmill on Porch-down half a Sayls breadth to the westwards of the White Cliff and so you may anchor in the best of the Bay in seven or eight fathom Also you may go up to the Cows Cows-Road if you steer with it keep the Island side and anchor with the Castle South-west from you the fourth part of a mile from the Shore also you may steer down W. S. W. with Yarmouth-Fore Yarmouth Road. and anchor S. S. W. from it half a mile off the Shore in seven fathom The deepest Water between the Cows and Stokes-bay is fifteen or sixteen fathom and between the Cows and Hurst-Castle fifteen and eighteen fathom Also you may anchor with Hurst-Castle South-west by West Hurst-Castle half a mile from the Shore in eight or nine fathom or W.S.W. it being all good ground To sayl into Hampton-Water both from the East and West and also to be between the Sand called the Brambles and the Main If coming from the Eastwards after you are past Brown-down which is to the westwards of Stokes-bay borrow upon the Main in three three and a half and four fathom as you have Tyde under you but three fathom at low-water is the best depth and steer away North-west by West and North-west and ware off and on in that depth and it will direct you in if it be in the Night or foggy Weather but if it be clear that you can see the Town of Hampton keep also the Town open of the Point of Beach on Hamble-side by St. Georges Castle and steering in that Mark you need not use your Lead until you come almost unto Calshot-Castle and the Main of Hamble there the Spit of Owze lyeth fair off but fair shoaling upon it and being above the Castle you shall have nine or ten fathom and anchor where you please If you come from the westward in a Ship of draught and bound for Hampton-Water or from out of Cows-Road you must be careful to keep clear of the Sand called the Brambles which is a long Sand that lyeth thwart of
in the midst of the Channel there is best lying for Ships that draw much water Four leagues South-west by South from Foy lyeth a Point called Dead-mans-head Dead-mans-head and two leagues to the westward of it lyeth the Haven of Falmouth Dead-mans-head is a double Land with a round Hill which to the westwards goeth sloping down towards the West end standeth a Mill a sharp spire Steeple and some little Houses upon the Lead a little to the westward of it you may see Pendennis-Castle upon a round Hommock on the high-Land this Land is easie to be known when you come from the West or from the Lizard Upon the West Point of the Haven of Falmouth Falmouth standeth a Castle upon the high-Land called Pendennis in the Entry nearest the said West side lyeth a great Rock above-water you may sayl in on either side of it at the inner side of the East Point lie also some Rocks off the Shore on the East side is deepest water and most room in going in therefore give the East Point a large Birth you will have seven or eight fathom St. Mauds Castle keep by the said Shore until you come within St. Mandes Castle When it is East from you you will have sixteen or seventeen fathom but half the Harbour over towards Smithick is but four or five fathom observe in your going in to keep the Manacles open and shut on the Point of Falmouth-Castle and so must you keep it till you shut the Church over Penny-Comquick into the North-east end of the Smithick and so may you bear over to St. Maudes and ride with the Castle East laying one Anchor in eighteen fathom and the westermost Anchor in four fathom as you see conveniency For to sayl to the westwards of the foresaid great Rock you must take the Soundings of the west-West-land which the Castle standeth upon in five or six fathom being somewhat within the Rock run towards the West-land to the westwards of the Rock in the Channel is six and seven fathom at half-flood but in the Channel to the eastwards of the Rock seven and eight fathom as is before mentioned If when you come before St. Maudes Castle you would go into Mildrid-Pool Mildrod-Pool you must steer over into four or five fathom on the West side till you shut the Point of the Manacles into the Castle and open it not for fear of the Point of the Mase on the East side until you shut Penny-Comquick into the East Point of Smithick and then steer on the East side into twelve or thirteen fathom against the middle Hedge end on the East Point of Mildred-Pool for then you shall have shoal water but the lower down the deeper Note that Moagan Church which is above Penny-Comquick being entred on the southermost House of the said Town then are you near the South side of the Mase Four leagues South by West from Falmouth lyeth the East Point of the Lizard betwixt them lyeth a Haven called Helford which Ships do little frequent At the South side of the Haven lyeth a steep Point and on the North side a low sharp Point within the Haven on the South side standeth a Gentlemans House beneath at the Strand and upon the Hill stand Trees you must keep these one in the other and run so amidst the Channel into the entry of the Haven on the North side stand also two or three Trees when these come a Ships length to the westward of a little House that standeth in a white sandy Bay thereupon you may sayl in also amidst the Channel which is a short Inlet being come within you may anchor in 6 or 7 fathom upon the South side standeth also a sharp Tower and on the North side a little Castle on the steep Land To sayl into Mounts-Bay If you be coming out of Falmouth bound to the westward as into Mounts-bay with an easterly wind be not covetous of keeping too near the Lizard Shore especially at the Manacles for there be sunken Rocks without the Manacles To avoid which open the Land short of them you shall see a Spire Steeple called St. Keveren be sure therefore to keep so far off the shore that you may see all the Spire of the said Steeple above the Land and so shall you go without them clear of danger until you come to the Lizard point from whence there lyeth a ledge of Rocks which all shew themselves at low-water A Description of the Sea Coast of England 〈…〉 Newly Corrected by Iohn Seller 〈…〉 A Chart of the West part of England from Portland to Silly describing all the Roads Havens and Harbors with all the Sands depths and Soundings along the Coast newly Corrected by John Seller And are to be Sold at his Shop at the Signe of the Marrinors Compass at the Hermitage Stayres in Wapping For to sayl into Mounts-bay coming from the Lands-end or the Lizard the Ground is very clear all over and fine Sand until you come within a mile of the Shore between 20 and 23 fathom To ride at Anchor in Guavas-Lake You must be so far to the westward as that you have the Steeple of Paul to bear from you W. N. W. but if being far to the eastward that the said Church doth stand N. W. by North somewhat westerly from you then you have no clear Ground being near the West-Land run in from St. Clements-Island which lyeth before the Town of Mouse-hole for it is very clear Ground then the Castle will be on the Starboard side a great way distant which Castle is foul round about being come within St. Clements-Island you shall see within it a great sandy Bay anchor there in seven or eight fathom South-East and E.S.E. Winds do blow there right open in for all other Winds you lie there Land-lockt Four leagues to the westward of Mounts-bay lyeth the Lands-end of England which lyeth from the Lizard W.N.W. distant 9 or 10 leagues Directions to sayl into Silly Silly is divided into divers Island alongst the West side lyeth a great multitude of Rocks you may go in there through divers Channels or Sounds but the southermost St. Maries-Sound called St. Maries-sound is the best being a fair opening of a Channel but near the midst lie two sunken Rocks in soul weather you may see the Sea break over them it is best to leave them on the Larboard-side going in and on the Starboard-side coming out and go so near the Starboard-shore as that you may but see the Wind-mill-Sweeps which standeth on the Hill or that you may almost throw a Stone ashore and when you come within the Point luff up round and come to anchor in sight of the Houses or when you have brought the Town open of the Valley leave two thirds of the Harbour on your Larboard-side Thwart of Smiths-Island lyeth a Ledge of Rocks called Bartholomen-Ledge A Ledge of Rocks when you come to the Block-house that standeth on the Water-side
a Cables length off the Shore thwart lyeth a sunken Rock called the Woolman Woolman The leading Mark to go clear of it is two Rocks which lie on the West side within the Haven the one to wit the innermost is somewhat greater than the other if you bring them one in the other or the northermost a little open to the eastward of the other so as that you may see between them keeping them so sayl right in then you need not fear the Woolman Remember that you ride not too near the Island for it is all foul ground but upon Crow-sand and between that and the northermost Rock is clear ground then the Point of St. Maries will bear from you E. S. E. and the Broad-Sound will be open from the South-west by West to the West by South but if you will ride near the North-Rock you shall have it but two Points open St. Maries Sound close but then you shall not get out of St. Maries Sound if the Wind blow at South-west Smiths-Sound is very dangerous except a man be forced to it I would advise him not to make use of the Channel there is water enough but it is very narrow keep therefore in the middle of it it lyeth North-west The Ground of Silly is somewhat stony and some red Shells in it Directions for sayling in the Channel betwixt England and France in thick and dark Weather If you be sure by your reckoning height and depth that you are entred into the Channel to the eastward of the Lizard be not fearful but bear over to the English Shore so that the Wind be at S. S. W. or South by West until you come to 45 or 46 fathom then steer away E.N.E. and East by North and steering so and keeping your Lead when you come to be thwart of the Start you shall have 44 or 43 fathom and fine white Sand then are you between 4 and 5 leagues from the Shore but to be the more certain where you are when you come to this white Sand steer away E.N.E. keeping your Lead every hour at least until you come to 35 fathom black peppery Sand then you are right and may boldly say that you are some four leagues off the Berry it bearing from you N. W. by North then steer away East by North still wetting your Lead and when you come to be thwart of Lime you shall have 33 fathom fishing ground and still steering East by North before you come near Portland in the same depth your ground will be somewhat red like unto green Lime Ballast continue your course East by North and when you come near unto Portland the ground will be small shingle stones and thwart of Portland the stones will be as big as Reans or Pease and 32 or 33 fathom then are you between 3 and 4 leagues and still continuing your course it will carry you so far without Donnose or the Isle of Wight thwart of St. Albans you shall have 27 fathom and thwart of the Body of the Wight 20 fathom and thwart of Donnose 18 fathom and so the Owers Note That all the Coast between St. Albons and the Owers there will be little or nothing come up only dents in the Tallow and some blown Sand that will crumble between your fingers but continuing your course so soon as you are past the Owers you shall deepen your water to 26 or 30 fathom small gravelly Sand and fishing Ground and coming towards Beachy or thwart of Shorum in your course you shall have 36 fathom and near thwart of Beachy 33 fathom then steer away E. N. E. being by your judgment past Beacby then edge or bear over to the Coast of England still keeping your Lead till you come to 20 18 or 16 fathom as the Wind is and being in 16 fathom steer away E. N. E. and that Birth will carry you a fair Birth off the Ness yet although you be in thirteen fathom your course will carry you without the Ness and when you draw near unto the Ness you will find eighteen or twenty fathom shingly Ground and continuing still this course you will come to have 22 fathom fine white Sand then you may be sure you are to the eastward of the Ness and may steer away north-North-east and north-North-east by North with the said Foreland or edge into the Shore in 10 11 or 12 fathom and that depth will lead you along the Coast and will carry you unto the Downs but coming to be past the South-Foreland you must borrow upon the Land into six or seven fathom But if you would pass through on the back side of the Goodwin from 22 fathom fine white Sand steer north-North-east and north-North-east by East â— or keep your self in eighteen fathom and you go without the Sand fourteen fathom goes right with it Note That between Foulstone and the North-sand-head the Ground is all one Thus sheweth the Land on the West-Coasts of England from the Downs to Silly Thus sheweth Dover when you sayl to the westwards of the Vane or Ripraps Thus sheweth the North-Foreland when you sayl towards it from the Downs Thus sheweth Fairlee when you sayl by it Thus sheweth Fairlee when you sayl from the westwards Thus sheweth Beachy when you sayl from the West Thus sheweth Beachy with the seven Clifts when you sayl by them coming from the West Thus sheweth the Island Wight when you sayl by it being distant three or four leagues Thus sheweth St. Albons-Land with Portland to the westwards when you sayl by it Thus sheweth Portland when you come from the West Thus sheweth Portland when it is North by West six leagues from you Thus sheweth Portland when you come from the East Thus sheweth the Land to the westward of Portland when you sayl by it Thus sheweth the Land betwixt Torbay and the Start The Start Dartmouth Torbay Thus sheweth the Land betwixt Torbay and the Start when the Start is South-west by West from you Start Dartmouth Torbay Thus sheweth the Land between Torbay and the Start when the Start is W.S.W. from you Torbay Torbay Torbay Torbay Thus sheweth the Point of Torbay in divers forms according as you are to the northward or southward of it This Figure and the Figure that followeth belong one to the other and should joyn where they are marked with the Crosses Torbay Apsom Thus sheweth Dartmouth as this Figure and the Figure foregoing expresseth it when you are right thwart of it a league or two from the Land the Land being on both sides of it as well toward the Start as Torbay and to the northwards of it The Start Thus sheweth the Start being North from you two or three leagues Thus sheweth the Start being North seven leagues from you This open will be shut to when you sayl to the westwards This open will be shut to when you sayl to the westwards The Start Thus sheweth the Start when it is north-North-east from you and then the Point goeth flat
eight fathom for the Spit of Fairness lyeth far out but that depth Fairness or keeping of Marget Church a mans height above the Land will carry you clear of it when you have brought the South-Foreland and the Land of the Downs open then if the Wind be westerly Marks to come into the Downs you may steer to the southwards alongst the Shore in 5 6 or 7 fathom as you have the Tyde under you or your draught of water for you shall find divers Banks or Overfalls where you shall suddenly shoal a fathom sometimes more and then deeper again there is one that lyeth in the stream of five fathom and a half at low-water on the which there is not above twenty foot This lyeth something to the northwards of Broad-stairs-Peer and likewise something to the southward of Broad-stairs there lyeth another in the Stream of four fathom and a half at low-water whereon there is not above fourteen foot Also to the southward of that right against a green patch that sheweth on the upper part of the Chalk-Cliff as if it were stained with Green there is another on which there is not above ten foot at low-water these you must be careful to shun if there be any strong Tyde they shew themselves by the wasting of the water as an Overfal doth and where it is smoothest there it is shoalest This Sand is called the Coleburn When you are so far to the southward that you can see the red tyled House of Ramsgate open of the Cliff then you are clear of this Shoal There is another Shoal to the southwards of this Mark of the Brake which some men call the Querns The thwart Mark for the North-head of the Brake is St. Lawrence Church which stands above Ramsgate upon the North Cliff of Ramsgate one sayls breadth and the Querns lyeth N.N.W. from that a good Birth with the said Church two Ships length or more upon the said Cliff so that when you come to have the Church but a Ships length upon the Cliff then if you will come into the Inner Channel you must sayl in to the Shore by your Lead if it be thick weather that you cannot see your leading-mark viz. St. Margaret's Church upon the South-Foreland right over a Chalk-pit that sheweth white almost midway between Waymor-Castle and Deal-Castle or the said Church two Sayls breadth without Deal-Castle and this Mark will lead you directly through between the Brakes and Querns Another Mark and so into the Downs But if you cannot discern the aforesaid Marks then there is another nearer Mark which is Winsberry-Church and a round Tree not far from the Church which stands up in the Countrey to the South-westwards of Sandwich keep that Church and Tree between the two Southermost Steeples of the Town of Sandwich and this Mark will lead you directly through the Inner-Channel and if so be you be forced to turn through you may stand to the Northwards until you bring the Trees to the middle Church and to the South-eastwards until you bring the Steeple near unto St. Maries Church which is the eastermost Church of Sandwich and so you may turn between the Brake and Querns The thwart Mark for the North end of the Brake Thwart Mark of the Brake is as aforesaid St. Lawrence Church on the Point of the North-Cliff or a Wood end open and shut of the Cliff next Sandwich For the South end of the Querns bring the Mill near Ramsgate to the northward of the said Peer Depths in the Channel is two and a half three and a half and four fathom the nearer the Brake the deeper Directions for going into Marget-Peer If you would go into Marget-Peer coming down from the westward A Ledge of Rocks you must be careful to shun a ledge of Rocks that lie off Marget E. S. E. in the Sea thwart of the Mouth of the Peer from the Cliff to the westward If therefore the Wind be westerly you must be sure before you luff over to be clear of them if the Wind be easterly then you may steer alongst by the Beacons on the East-Rocks If you be to turn up in the Night between Marget-Sand and the Main you shall find by keeping of your Lead two Middle-Grounds Upon the Middle-ground next the Shore you will have five and five fathom and a half and to the southward six seven or eight fathom as the Tyde is in height without you will have eight nine and ten fathom and again seven and eight fathom and without nine and ten fathom and when it comes to be shoal you may be sure it is upon the Sand and likewise the shoaling of the Main within the Inner Middle-ground These Middle-grounds reach up to the Gore Gore and the further you come to the westwards they shoal for they tayl unto the Shore and there dry From Marget-Town up to Cliff end above Birchington spits off several Shoals that must be taken care of especially at high-water near Marget stand no nearer the Shore than six fathom and from Westgate-bay upward in five fathom The Marks to go clear of all these Spits of Sands below Marget-Town that run off the Shore on the North side of the Foreland Is to keep the top of Marget-Steeple open above the Land Fairness Whiteness and Fairness and Whiteness on the East side of the Foreland Marks for the North end of the Goodwin-Sands and other directions for such as may be forced to the Southwards from the Foreland in the Night If you be at the North-Foreland bound for the Downs and that your Tydes do fall out to be too early or too late to turn into the Downs with the Wind at South-west or S. S. W. follow these ensuing directions If it be in the morning before day then be sure to weigh your Anchor in convenient time that you may be at the North-sands-hand North-sand-head at the turning of the Tyde to the southwards From the Foreland you may steer out with a Flood-tyde South-east by East and South-east or keep the Light of the North-Foreland North-west by North and this course will lead you out but for the more certainty be sure to have your Lead well kept and then you may borrow off and on with the aforesaid Winds in seven or eight fathom and steering out in the aforesaid course you shall come to have the depth suddenly change to fifteen or twenty fathom then you may hale up close to the southward alongst the back of the Goodwin which Sand lyeth directly I mean the eastermost side of it S. S. W. and N.N.E. twelve or fourteen fathom and is not above a Saker shot from the Sand but if it be in the day time and that the Wind doth blow so hard that you cannot well tack your Ship to turn through the Gulls then your Marks to carry you out at the North-sand-head Is the flat Church upon the Foreland called St. Peters a