and Gallick Ocean Those of most note are these six 1. Oleron 2. Reâ— 3. Iarsey 4. Gernsey 5. Sarke 6. Aldernay on the shores of Normandy of which the four last are under the Kings of England 15. Italy once the Empress of the greatest part of the then known World is compassed with the Adriatick Ionian and Tyrrhenian Seas except it be towards France and Germany from which it is parted by the Alpes so that it is in a manner a Peninsula or a Demi-Island But more particularly it hath on the East the lower part of the Adriatick and the Ionian Sea by which it is divided from Greece on the West the River Varus and some part of the Alpes by which it is parted from France on the North in some part the Alpes which divide it from Germany and on the other part of the Adriatick which divides it from Dalmaria and on the South the Tyrrhenian and Tuscan Seas by which it is separated from the main Land of Africa 16. It containeth in length from Augusta Praetoria now called Aost at the foot of the Alpes unto Otranto in the most Eastern Point of the Kingdom of Naples 1020 miles in breadth from the River Varo which parts it from Provence to the mouth of the River Arsia in Friuli where it is broadest 410 miles about Otranto where it is narrowest not above 25 miles and in the middle parts from the mouth of Peseara in the Adriatick or upper Sea to the mouth of Tiber in the Tuscan or lower Sea 126 miles The whole compass by Sea reckoning in the windings and turnings of the shore comes to 3038 miles which added to the 410 which it hath by Land make up in all 3448 miles but if the Coasts on each side be reckoned by a straight Line then as Castaldo computes it it comes to no more than 2550 miles 17. The whole Country lieth under the first and sixth Climates of the Northern temperate Zone which it wholly taketh up so that the longest day in the most Northern Parts is 15 hours and three first parts of an hour the longest in the Southern Parts falling short a full hour of that length 18. Italy as it stands now is divided into the Kingdoms of Naples Sicily and Sardinia 2. The Land or Patrimony of the Church 3. The great Dukedom of Tuscany 4. The Common-wealths of Venice Genoa and Luca. 5. The Estates of Lombardy that is the Dukedoms of 1. Mâ—llain 2. Mantua 3. Modena 4. Parma 5. Montferrat and the Principality of Piedmont 19. To the Peninsula of Italy belong the Alpes aridge of Hills wherewith as with a strong and defensible Rampart Italy is assured against France and Germany They are said to be five days Journey high covered continually with Snow from the whiteness whereof they took this name it doth contain the Dukedom of Savoy the Seigniory of Geneva the Country of Wallisland Switzerland and the Grisons 20. Belgium or the Netherlands is bounded on the East with Westphalin Gulick Cleve and the Land of Triers Provinces of the higher Germany on the West with the main Ocean which divides it from Britain on the North with the River Ems which parts it from East-Friezeland on the South with Picardie and Campagne two French Provinces upon the South-East with the Dukedom of Lorrain 21. It is in compass 1000 Italian or 280 German miles and is situated in the Northern temperate Zone under the seventh eighth and ninth Climates the longest day in the midst of the seventh Climate where it doth begin being 16 hours iu the beginning of the ninth Climate increased to 16 hours 3 quarters or near 17 hours 22. It containeth those Provinces which in these later Ages were possessed by the House of Burgundy that is the Lordship of West-Friezeland given to the Earls of Holland by Charles the Bald the Earldom of Zutphen united unto that of Gelder by Earl Otho of Nassau and finally the Estate of Groening Over-Yssel and some part of Vtrecht by Charles the Fifth As it stands now divided between the Spaniards and the States it containeth the Provinces of 1. Flanders 2. Artois 3. Hainault 4. The Bishoprick of Cambray 5. Namur 6. Luxemburg 7. Limbourg 8. Luyckland or the Bishoprick of Leige 9. Brabant 10. Marquisate 11. Meohlin The rest of the Netherlands which have now for sometime withdrawn their obedience from the Kings of Spain are 1. Holland 2. Zeland 3. West-Friezeland 4. Vtrecht 5. Over-Yssel 6. Gelderland 7. Zutphen 8. Groening 23. Germany is bounded on the East with Prussia Poland and Hungary on the West with France Switzerland and Belgium on the North with the Baltick Seas the Ocean and some part of Denmark on the South with the Alps which part it from Italy 24. The length from East to West that is from the Vistula or Weissel to the Rhine is estimated at 840 Italian miles the breadth from North to South that is from the Ocean to the Town of Brixen in Tyrol 740 of the same miles So that the Figure of it being near a Square it may take up 3160 miles in compass or thereabouts Situate in the Northern temperate Zone between the middle Parallels of the sixth and tenth Climates the longest day in the most Southern Parts being 15 hours and an half and in the most Northern 17 hours and a quarter 25. The Principal Parts of this great Continent are 1. Cleveland 2. The Estates of the three spiritual Electors Colen â—â—â—ntz and Triers 3. The Palatinate of the Rhine 4. Alsatia 5. Lorrain 6. Suevia or Schwaben 7. Bavaria 8. Austria and its Appendices 9. The Confederation of Waderaw 10. Franconia 11. Wirtenberg 12. Baden 13. The Palatinate of Northgoia or the Upper Palatinate 14. Bohemia and the Incorporate Provinces 15. Pomerania 16. Mecklenburg 17. The Marquisate of Brandenburg 18. Saxony and the Members of it 19. The Dukedom of Brunswick and Lunenburg 20. The Lantgravedom of Hassia 21. Westphalen 22. East-Friezeland 26. Denmark or Danemark reckoning in the Additions of the Dukedom of Holstein and the great Continent of Norway with the Isles thereof now all united and incorporated into one Estate is bounded on the East with the Baltick Sea and some part of Sweden on the West with the main Western Ocean on the north-North-East with a part of Sweden full North with the main frozen Seas and on the South with Germany from which it is divided on the South-West by the River Albis and on the South-East by the Trave a little Isthmus or neck of Land uniting it to the Continent 27. It lieth partly in the Northern temperate Zone and partly within the Arctick Circle extending from the middle Parallel of the tenth Clime or 55 degree of Latitude where it joyneth with Germany as far as the 71 degree where it hath no other bound but the frozen Ocean by which account the longest day in the most Southern Parts is 17 hours and a quarter but in the Parts extreamly North they have no Night for
Gibralter and some part of the Atlantick also on the South with Mount Atlas by which it is separated from Lybia inferior or the Desarts of Lybia It is situated under the third and fourth Climates so that the longest Summers day in the parts most South amounteth to 13 hours and 3 quarters and in the most northern parts it is 14 hours and a quarter This country is now reduced to the Kingdoms of 1. Tunis 2. Tremesch or Algiers 3. Fesse and 4. Morocco Numidia Numidia is bounded on the East with Egypt on the West with the Atlantick Ocean on the North with Mount Atlas which parteth it from Barbary and Cyrene on the South with Lybia Deserta Lybia Lybia is either Interior or Deserta Libia interior is bounded on the North with Mount Atlas by which it is parted from Barbary and Cyrenaica on the East with Lybia Marmarica interposed between it and Egypt and part of AEthiopia superior or the Habassine Empire on the South with AEthiopia inferior and the Land of the Negroes and on the West with the main Atlantick Ocean Lybia deserta is bounded on the North with Numidia or Biledulgerid on the South with the Land of the Negroes and on the West with Gulata another Province of the Negroes interposed between it and the Atlantick Terra Nigritarum Terra Nigritarum or the Land of the Negroes is bounded on the East with AEthiopia Superior on the West with the Atlantick Ocean on the North with Lybia deserta and on the South with the Ethiopick Ocean and part of AEthiopia Inferior AEthiopia Superior AEthiopia Superior is bounded on the East with the Red Sea and the Sinus Barbaricus on the West with Lybia Interior the Realm of Nubia in the Land of the Negroes and part of the Kingdoms of Congo in the other AEthiopia on the North with Egypt and Lybia Marmarica and on the South with the Mountains of the Moon by which it is parted from the main Body of AEthiopia Inferior It is situate on both sides of the AEquinoctial extending from the South Parallel of seven degrees where it meeteth with some part of the other AEthiopia to the Northern end of the Isle of Meroz situated under the fifth Parallel on the North of that Circle AEthiopia Inferior AEthiopia inferior is bounded on the East with the Red Sea on the West with the Ethiopick Ocean on the North with Terra Nigritarum and the higher AEthiopia and on the South where it endeth is a point of a Conus with the main Ocean parting it from the Southern undiscovered Continent This in Ptolemyes time went under the name of Terra incognita CHAP. IV. Of America AMerica the fourth and last part of the World is bounded on the East with the Atlantick Ocean and the Vergivian Seas by which it is parted from Europe and Africa on the West with the Pacifick Ocean which divides it from Asia on the South with some part of Terra Australis incognita from which it is separated by a long but narrow Strait called the Straits of Magellan the North bounds of it hither to not so well discovered as that we can certainly affirm it to be Island or Continent It is called by some and that most aptly The new World New for the late discovery and World for the vast greatness of it The whole is naturally divided into two great Peninsules whereof that towards the North is called Mexicana That towards the South hath the name of Peruana the Isthmus which joyneth these two together is very long but narrow in some places not above 120 miles from Sea to Sea in many not above seventeen The Northern Peninsula called Mexicana may be most properly divided into the Continent and Islands The Continent again into the several Provinces of 1. Estotiland 2. Nova Francia 3. Virginia 4. Florida 5. California 6. Nova Gallicia 7. Nova Hispania 8. Guntimala The Southern Peninsula called Peruana taking in some part of the Isthmus hath on the Continent the Provinces of 1. Castella Aurea 2. Nova Granada 3. Peru 4. Chile 5. Paraguay 6. Brasil 7. Guiana and 8. Paria The Islands which belong to both are dispersed either in the Southern Ocean called Mare del Zur where there is not any one of Note but those called Los Ladrones and the Islands of Solomon Or in the Northern Ocean called Mare del Noords reduced unto the Caribes Porto-Rico Hispaniola Cuba and Iamaica And thus much concerning the real and known parts of the Terrestrial Globe CHAP. XV. Of the Description of the Terrestrial Globe by Maps Vniversal and Particular HItherto we have spoken of the true and real Terrestrial Globe and of the measure thereof by Circles Zones and Climates as it is usually represented by a Sphere or Globe which must be confessed to be the nearest and the most commensurable to nature Yet it may also be described upon a plain in whole or in part many several ways But those which are most useful and artificial are these two by Parallelogram and by Planisphere 2. The description thereof by Parallelogram is thus the Parallelogram is divided in the midst by a line drawn from North to South passing by the Azores or Canaries for the great Meridian Cross to this and at eight Angles another line is drawn from East to West for the AEquator then two parallels to each to comprehend the figure in the squares whereof there are set down four parts of the world rather than the whole And this way of description though not exact or near to the natural hath yet been followed by such as ought still to be accounted excellent and is the form of our plain Charts and in places near the AEquinoctial may be used without committing any great error because the Meridians about the AEquinoctial are equi-distant but as they draw up towards the Pole they do upon the Globe come nearer and nearer together to shew that their distance is proportionably diminished till it come to a concurrence and answerably the Parallels as they are deeper in latitude so they grow less and less with the Sphere so that at 60 degrees the Equinoctial is double to the parallel of Latitude and so proportionably of the rest 3. Hence it followeth that if the picture of the earth be drawn upon a Parallelogram so that the Meridians be equally distant throughout and the Parallels equally extended the Parellel of 60 degrees shall be as great as the line of the AEquator it self is and he that coasteth about the world in the latitude of 60 degrees shall have as far to go by this Map as he that doth it in the AEquator though the way be but half as long For the longitude of the Earth in the AEquator it self is 21600 but in the Parallel of 60 but 10800 miles So two Cities under the same parallel of 60 shall be of equal Longitude to other two under the Line and yet the first two shall be but 50 the other two an
government the several Provinces are 1. Peloponnesus 2. Achaia 3. Epirus 4. Albania 5. Macedon 6. Thrace 7. The Islands of the Propontick 8. AEgean and 9. The Ionian Seas and 10. finally the Isle of Crete And thus I have given you a brief description of those Countries which are comprehended in the Continent of Europe the Islands in this part of the world are many I will mention only some few These two in the British and Northern Ocean known by the names of Great Britain and Ireland are the most famous to which may be added Greenland In the Mediterranaen Sea you have the Islands of Sicilia Sardinia Corsica and Crete which is now called Candia the greater and the less As for the other Islands belonging to this part of the world the Reader may expect a more particular description from them who have or shall write more largely of this subject This we deem sufficient for our present purpose Let this then suffice for the description of the first part of the World called Europe CHAP. IV. Of Asia ASia is bound on the West with the Mediteranean and AEgaean Seas the Hellespont Propontis Thracian Bosphorus and the Euxine Sea the Palus Maeotis the Rivers Tanais and Duina a Line being drawn from the first of the two said Rivers unto the other by all which it is parted from Europe on the North it hath the main Scythick Ocean but on the East the Indian Ocean and Mare del Eur by which it is separated from America on the South the Mediterranean or that part of it which is called the Carpathian Sea washing the shoars of Anatolia and the main Southern Ocean passing along the Indian Persian and Arabian Coasts and finally on the south-west the red Sea or Bay of Arabia by which it is parted from Affrick Environed on all sides with the Sea or some Sea like Rivers except a narrow Isthmus in the south-west which joyns it to Africk and the space of ground whatsoever it be between Duina and Tanais on the North-west which unites it to Europe 2. It is situated East and West from the 52 to the 169 degree of Longitude and North and South from the 82 degree of Latitude to the very AEquator some of the Islands only lying on the South of that Circle so that the longest summers day in the southern parts is but twelve hours but in the most northern parts hereof almost four whole Months together 3. This Country hath heretofore been had in special honour 1. For the creation of Man who had his first making in this part of the World 2. Because in this part of it stood the Garden of Eden which he had for the first place of his habitation 3. Because here flourished the four first great Monarchies of the Assyrians Babylonians Medes and Persians 4. Because it was the Scene of almost all the memorable Actions which are recorded by the pen-men of the Scriptures 5. Because our Saviour Christ was borne here and here wrought his most divine Miracles and accomplished the great work of our Redemption 6. And finally because from hence all Nations of the World had their first beginning on the dispersion which was made by the Sons of Noah after their vain attempt at Babel 4. This part of the World for the better understanding of the Greek and the Roman Stories and the estate of the Assyrian Babylonian and the Persian Monarchies to which the holy Scriptures do so much relate we shall consider as divided into the Regions of 1. Anatolia or Asia minor 2. Cyprus 3. Syria 4. Arabia 5. Chaldea 6. Assyria 7. Mesopotamia 8. Turcomania 9. Media 10. Persia. 11. Tartaria 12. China 13. India and 14. the Oriental Islands Anatolia or Asia minor Anatolia or Asia minor is bounded on the East with the River Euphrates by which it is parted from the greater Asia on the West with the Thracian Bosphorus Propontis Hellespont and the AEgean Sea by which it is parted from Europe on the North with Pontus Euxinus called also the black Sea and Mare Maggiore and on the South by the Rhodian Lydian and Pamphilian Seas several parts of the Mediterranean So that it is a Demi-Island or Peninsula environed on all sides with water excepting a small Isthmus or Neck of Land extending from the head of Euphrates to the Euxine Sea by which it is joyned to the rest of Asia It reacheth from the 51 to the 72 degree of Longitude and from the 36 to the 45 degree of Latitude and lyeth almost in the same position with Italy extending from the middle Parallel of the fourth Clime to the middle Parallel of the sixth so that the longest summers day in the Southern Parts is about 14 hours and a half and one hour longer in those parts which lie most towards the North. The Provinces into which it was divided before the Roman Conquest were 1. Bithynia 2. Pontus 3. Paphlagonia 4. Galatia 5. Cappadocia 6. Armenia Major Minor 7. Phrygia minor 8. Phrygia major 9. Mysia the greater and the less 10. Asia specially so called comprehending AEolis and Ionia 11. Lydia 12. Caria 13. Lycia 14. Lycaonia 15. Pisidia 16. Pamphylia 17. Isauria 18. Cilicia 19. The Province of the Asian Isles whereof the most principal are 1. Tenedos 2. Chios 3. Samos 4. Choos 5. Icaria 6. Lesbos 7. Patmos 8. Claros 9 Carpathos 10. Rhodes Cyprus Cyprus is situated in the Syrian and Cilician Seas extended in length from East to West 200 miles in breadth 60 the whole compass reckoned 550 distant about 60 miles from the rocky Shores of Cilicia in Asia minor and about one hundred from the main Land of Syria It is situated under the fourth Climate so that the longest day in Summer is no more than 14 hours and a half Divided by Ptolemy into the 4 provinces of 1. Paphia 2. Amathasia 3. Lepathia 4. Salamine Syria Syria is bounded on the East with the River Euphrates by which it is parted from Mesopotamia on the West with the Mediterranean Sea on the North with Cilicia and Armenia minor parted from the last by mount Taurus and on the South with Palestine and some parts of Arabia The length hereof from Mount Taurus to the Edge of Arabia is said to be 525 Miles the breadth from the Mediterranean to the River Euphrates 470 Miles drawing somewhat near unto a Square The whole Country was antiently divided into these six parts 1. Phoenicia 2. Palestine 3. Syria specially so called 4. Comagena 5. Palmyrene and Caelosyria or Syria Cava Arabia Arabia hath on the East Chaldaea and the Bay or Gulf of Persia on the West Palestine some part of Egypt and the whole course of the red Sea on the North the River Euphrates with some parts of Syria and Palestine and on the South the main southern Ocean It is in circuit about 4000 Miles but of so unequal and heteregeneous Composition that no general Character can be given of it and therefore we