gouernement of Aleppo and Damasco with the adioyning parts of Syria by that meanes to encroach vpon the Egyptian Caliph which accordingly they in short time did But these their haughtie attempts were stayed and being now in the flowre were cut shorter by that fortunate Expedition of the Christian Princes of the West agreed vpon at the Councell of Claremont and performed by Gualter Sensauier Peter the Hermite first and principall mouer hereof Godfrey Duke of Lorraine with his two brethren Eustace and Baldwin of the honourable house of Buillon Hugh surnamed the Great brother to Philip the French King Raymond and Robert Earles of Flanders Robert of Normandie sonne to William the Conquerour Stephen de Valois Earle of Chartiers Ademar the Popes Legate Bohemund Prince of Tarentum and others conducting as the most receiued opinion is three hundred thousand Souldiers in defence of the Christian Faith against the Turkes and Saracens which both ouerthrew the Turkes in the lesser Asia and recouered also the holy Land The Principalitie or as some stile it the Kingdome of Antioch was giuen him by common consent to Bohemund Prince of Tarentum the Kingdome of Ierusalem to Robert who hearing of his Fathers death refused it in hope of England and Godfrey of Buillon was saluted King The Turkes and Saracens seeking to recouer that which they had lost lost also themselues a hundred thousand of them being slaine in one battell the like successe had the Turkes after against Conrade the Emperour at Meander leauing for trophees and triumphall arches to the Christians huge heapes or hills rather of their bones Hereunto helped the dissentions among the Turkes and diuisions of their state among diuers brethren The Egyptians also paied tribute to the Christians which Dargan the Sultan detaining hee was by Almericus the King of Ierusalem ouerthrowne in battell Noradine the Turke King of Damasco sent thither also Saracon to aide Sanar the Sultan before expulsed to recouer his state from this Dargan but hee hauing won certaine Townes kept them to himselfe so that Sanar betooke him to the patronage of Almericus who ouerthrew Saracon in battell and after besieged and tooke Alexandria and Pelusium seeking also to conquer Egypt to himselfe but indeed as the euent proued so subuerted his owne state For Sanar sought helpe of Saracon and for feare of both their forces Almericus left Egypt Saracon moued with ambition treacherously slew the Sultan and by the Caliph was appointed Sultan the first of the Turkes that euer enioyed the same to whom Saladine his Nephew succeeded Hee not respecting the Maiestie of the Caliph as the Sultans before had done strucke out his braines with his Horse-mans Mace and rooted out all his posteritie the better to assure himselfe and his Turkish successours in the possession of that Kingdome vnder whom it continued to the time of the Mamalukes Noradine also the Turke being dead the Nobilitie disdaining the gouernement of Melechsala his sonne yet but a youth betrayed that state vnto Saladine And thus did he hem in the Kingdome of Ierusalem on both sides and not long after Aleppo was betraied vnchristianly into his hands by a traitor which gouerned the same for the Christians Neither was it long before he had through discord and treason amongst the Christians obtained Ierusalem it selfe Anno 1187. and after Ascalon and Antioch also Neither could the Christians of the West euer recouer the possession of that Kingdome the cause continuing the same which before had lost it viz. dissention and treacherie as the examples of Richard and Edward first of those names Kings of this Land doe shew About 1202. yeeres after Christ the Tartars of whom in their due place hauing conquered East West North and South among others ouerthrew that Togrian Kingdome of the Turkes in Persia one hundred and seuentie yeeres before founded by Tangrolipix The Turks which remained driuen to seeke shelter from this violent storme fled out of Persia into Asia the lesse where Cutlu-Muses his successours their Country-men enioyed some part of the Countrie And there many of them arriuing vnder the conduct of Aladin the sonne of Cei Husreu descended also of the Selzuccian Family in Persia taking the opportunitie offered by the discord of the Latines with the Greekes and the Greekes among themselues seized vpon Cilicia with the Countries thereabout and there first at Sebastia and afterward at Iconium erected their new Kingdome bearing the name of the Aladin Kings or Sultans The Tartars vnder the conduct of Haalon sent by Mango the great Cham hauing conquered and starued the Chaliph of Babylon as is before ouerthrew the Turkish Kingdome of Damasco and raced Aleppo the other arme of this faire and farre spreading Tree being surprized by the Mamaluke slaues who after Haalons departure recouered Syria and Palaestina and were againe with great slaughter dispossessed of the same by Cassanes a Tartarian Prince who repaired Ierusalem and gaue it to the Christians of Armenia and other the Easterne Countries But Cassanes retyring into Persia to pacifie new broiles the Sultan recouered the same the Christians of the West neglecting the iust defence thereof specially through the pride and contention of Boniface the Pope contrarie to his name filling a great part of Europe with faction and quarrells §. III. Of the Ottoman Turkes their originall and proceedings THe Turkes in Asia paid tribute to the Tartar Cham till succession in the bloud of Aladin failing this Kingdome was diuersly rent euery one catching so much as his might could bestow on his ambition The greatest of these sharers was one Caraman Alusirius who tooke vnto himselfe the Citie Iconium with all the Countrie of Cilicia and some part of the frontiers of Lycaonia Pamphylia Caria and the greater Phrygia as farre as Philadelphia all which was after him called Caramania Next neighbour and sharer to him was Saruchan of whom Ionia Maritima is called Saruchanili The greatest part of Lydia with some part of the greater Mysia Troas and Phrygia fell to Carasius called of him Carasi-ili some part of Pontus and the Countrey of Paphlagonia fell to the sonnes of Omer which Countrey is called Bolli These all were of the Selzuccian Family But the foundations of farre higher fortunes were then laid much lower by diuine prouidence exalting Ottoman of the Oguzian Tribe or Family who then held one onely poore Lordship called Suguta in Bythinia not farre from Olympus giuen before to his father Erthogrul in meed of good seruice which he increasing by winning somewhat from the weaker Christians his neighbours afterwards erected into a Kingdome which hath deuoured so great a part of the world as is at this day subiect to the Turkish greatnesse When the Tartars chased as is said the Turkes out of their Persian Kingdome which Tangrolipix had there established one Solyman a Turke of the Ogusian Tribe reigned in Machan ouer a small Realme which for feare of those Tartars he also forsooke and with a
to hee called Iewish as brought by them from their Babylonish Captiuitie but the Canaan or Phoenician Letters which the Samaritans still vse and wherein Moses had innouated nothing as some will haue him neyther in the Letters nor in the Language but vsed them as 〈◊〉 were long before his times Warres and Traffique could not but further alter those Languages in continuance of time which appeared most after the Captiuitie when the Iewes spake not Hebrew but Syrian and that also in likelihood more and more by time altered Perhaps it was with these three Languages as with the Frankes Language when they first seated themselues in Gallia and that which is now called French or the Saxon and the present English for there were no lesse mutations and transmutations by times and Warres in those parts then in these It seemeth therefore probable that at the first diuision of Languages they that most disagreed did furthest separate themselues and they that spake eyther the same or neere in likenesse to the same speech obserued the same Neighbour-hood of Nation as of speech which the names and words of the Phoenician Syrian Persian Arabian and Egyptian Languages testifie The diuision of Tongues was about an hundred yeares after the Floud Anno Mundi a thousand seuen hundred fiftie seuen as Caluisius and Buntingus account Now that wee haue spoken of the first Authours of the principall and first Nations let vs suruey the Lands and Inheritance which GOD gaue vnto them which was the habitable Earth This Earth together with the Waters make one Globe and huge Ball resting on it selfe supported by the Almightie hand of GOD to the roundnesse whereof the high Mountaines in comparison of the whole can bee small impediments and are but as a few motes of dust sticking to a Ball Possidonius Eratosthenes Hipparchus Plinie Ptolomey and others skilfull in Geographie haue endeauoured by Art to finde out the true quantitie hereof and although there appeare difference in their summes yet that is imputed rather to the diuersitie of their furlongs which some reckoned longer then others then to their differing opinions But neuer had they so certaine intelligence of the quantitie of the Earth as in our time by the Nauigations of Spaniards English and Dutch round about the same is giuen vs Art and Experience consulting and conspiring together to perfect the Science of Geographie For whereas the Ancients deuided the World into three parts Asia Africa and Europe and yet neuer knew the East and North parts of Asia nor the South of Africa nor the most Northerly parts of Europe not onely these three are by Land and Sea farre more fully discouered but also three other parts no lesse if not much greater then the former are added to them namely America Mexicana and America Peruuiana and Terra Australis or the Land lying toward the South Pole As for the seuenth part which some reckon vnder the North Pole because we haue no relation but from a Magician a Fryer of Oxford called Nicholas de Linna which might with as good conscience lye to vs as by Art-Magicke take view of those Parts otherwise it is not certainly knowne whether it be ioyning to Asia or whether it bee Land or Sea I therefore leaue it out in this diuision Europe is diuided from Africke by the Mediterranean Sea from Asia by the Egean and Euxine Maeotis Tanais and a Line from the Fountaines thereof North-wards on the North and West parts washed with the Ocean which running by the Staights of Gibralter floweth along the Coasts of Africke to the Cape of Good Hope and thence passeth all alongst on the East-side thereof into the Arabian Gulfe where by a Necke of Land it is encountred This Necke the Mediterranean and Ocean doe limit the bounds of Africa The rest of the old World is Asia America Mexicana or North and the South called Peruniana are seuered by the narrow straights of Dariene in other places compassed by the Sea The South Continent is very little knowne and contayneth the rest of the World not bounded in the former limits But in their particular places wee shall heare of each of them more fully It cannot be without some great worke of GOD thus in the olde and decrepit Age of the World to let it haue more perfect knowledge of it selfe which wee hope and pray may be for the further enlargement of the Kingdome of CHRIST IESVS and propagation of his Gospell And as in former times in those then discouered parts the Iewes were scattered some violently some willingly through ASIA AFRICA and EVROPE to vsher the Gospell into those parts and make way for that which the most of themselues reiected who knoweth whether in the secret Dispensation of Diuine Prouidence which is a co-worker in euery worke able euen out of euill to bring good the Donations of Popes the Nauigations of Papists the preaching of Fryers and Iesuites may be fore-runners of a further and truer manifestation of the Gospell to the new-found Nations for euen alreadie it is one good step of an Atheist and Infidell to become a Proselyte although with some soyle and againe the Iesuites there cannot play the Statesmen as in these parts yea themselues in their Relations being witnesses they rather take Euangelical courses of those which heere they count Heretikes and by laying open mens sinne through the fall and Diuine Iustice onely by CHRIST satisfied doe beate downe Infidelitie with diligent Catechising although vpon that golden foundation they build afterward their owne Hay and Stubble with their racke of Confession and rabble of Ceremonies and the most dangerous to new Conuerts an exchanged Polytheisme in worshipping of Saints Images and the Host But if GOD shall once shew mercy to Spaine to make them truly Catholike and as a diuine Inquisitor condemne that Deuillish Inquisition to perpetuall exile how great a window may by that meanes be opened vnto this new World for their conuersion and reformation And why may not the English Expedition and Plantation in Virginia and the Nauigations of other Protestants helpe this way if men respected not their owne pride ambition and couetousnesse more then the Truth and Glory of GOD But hee that by Fishers conuerted the olde World and turned the Wisedome of the World into foolishnesse subdued Scepters by preaching the Crosse yea by suffering it in himselfe and in his members is able of those stones to rayse vp Children to Abraham and that by the mouth of Babes and Sucklings by weakest meanes when it pleaseth him Let vs therefore pray the Lord of the Haruest to send forth Labourers into these wide and spacious fields ripe thereunto But to returne to our parts of the World whence this Meditation hath with-drawne me The ancient Geographers were ignorant of a great part of that three-fold diuision as appeareth by their owne Writings The vse of the Load-stone found out by Iohn Goia of
was called the Land of Israel after the diuision of the ten Tribes from the house of Dauid by Ieroboam in the time of Rehoboam the sonne of Salomon the name of Israel was more particularly appropriated to those ten rebellious Tribes and the other two were knowne by the name of the Kingdome of Iuda Yet Israel remayned in a generall sense the name of them all especially in the new Testament Paul of the Tribe of Beniamin calleth himselfe an Israelite and all Israel saith he in that Chapter shall be saued After the Babylonian captiuitie they were called Iewes of the chiefe and royall Tribe and their Countrey Iudaea It was also called Palaestina of the Philistims which inhabited the Sea-coast And after in the times of the Christians it was generally called the Holy Land Phoenicia also being vnder that name comprehended It is situated betweene the Mediterranean Sea and the Arabian Mountaynes Ptolemey calleth it Palaestina Syriae and Iudaea abutting it on the North with Syria on the East and South with Arabia Petraea on the West with part of Egypt and the Sea Adrichomius who hath bestowed a large Volume on this subiect which he calleth the Theater of the holy Land on the East confineth it with Syria and Arabia on the South the Desart Pharan and Egypt on the North Mount Libanus on the West the Sea Maginus placeth a part of Phoenicia on the North on the North-east Libanus on the South and part of the East Arabia on the West part of the Mediterranean Sea It is extended from the South to the North from the one and thirtieth degree to the three and thirtieth and somewhat more Others set it downe in other words but these and they agree for the most part in substance It is commonly holden to bee an hundred and sixtie Italian miles in length from Dan to Bersebee and sixtie in bredth An exact diuision thereof into twelue shires or shares Ioshua setteth downe at large with their Bounds and Cities from the thirteenth Chapter of that Booke to the one and twentieth as they were by lot and diuine dispensation allotted to the twelue Tribes the posteritie of Iacobs twelue sonnes onely Ephraim and Manasses the sonnes of Ioseph constituted two Tribes and therefore had the double portion descending of Iacobs eldest sonne by Rachel his first intended wife and Leui had no portion but was scattered in Israel to keepe Israel from scattering and to vnite them in one Religion to one GOD who disposed that curse into a blessing Reuben Gad and halfe the Tribe of Manasses had their portion on the East side of Iordan the other halfe of Manasses with Simeon Iuda Beniamin Ephraim Naphthali Aser Dan Izachar Zabulon had their portions assigned betwixt Iordan and the westerne Sea They which would be fully acquainted with their seuerall diuisions may finde in Ioshua himselfe to satisfie them and in the Commentaries which Andraeas Masius and others haue written on that Scripture Laicstaine More Stella Adrichomius and Arias Montanus haue in Maps presented them to the eye HONDIVS his Map of Terra Sancta TABULA CANANAEAE protit tempore Christi et Apostolorum divisa fuit Neither in the whole World beside is there I thinke found any Region hauing more Cities in so small a space then this sometime had except we beleeue that which is told of the thousands of Egypt Some reckon in each Tribe these as royall Cities in Aser Achsaph besides Sidon and Tyrus in Beniamin Bethel Gabaa Ierusalem Iericho in Dan Lachis besides Acaron and Gath in Ephraim Gazer Samaria Saron Taphua in Gad Rabba in Isachar Aphece in Iuda Arad Bezec Eglon Hebron Lebna Maceda Odolla Taphua in Manasse 1. Dor Galgal Iezrael Mageddo Tanac Thersa in Manasse 2. Astaroth Edrai Gessur Machati Soba Theman and Damascus in Nepthalim Asor Cedes Emath in Reuben Heshbon Madian Petra in Simeon Dabir Gerara in Zabulon Ieconan Semeron The like Catalogue hee maketh of Episcopall Cities in this Land while it was Christian My purpose is not to write of all but especially of such as are in some respect eminent And first let me dip my Pen in Iordan This saith Plinie is a pleasant Riuer and as far as the situation of places will permit ambitious prodigally imparting it selfe to the Inhabitants and as it were vnwilling passeth to that cursed Lake Asphaltites of which at last it is drunke vp losing his laudable waters mixed with those pestilent As soone therefore as the Valleyes giue opportunitie it spreadeth it selfe into a Lake called Genesara sixteene miles long and sixe broad enuironed with pleasant Townes Iulias and Hippo on the East on the South Tarichea and Tiberias on the West made wholesome with his hot waters The Fountaynes of this Riuer are two called Ior and Dan which compounding their Streames doe also compound their Names as Tame and Isis with vs bring forth happy Parents our Tames or Thamisis Here was the Citie Dan so called of the Danites before Laish Iud. 18.29 and Leshem Ios. 19.47 But before this time both the Riuer had the same name Iordan and the place it selfe at the foote of Libanus whence the Fountayne springeth was called Dan Gen. 14.14 when Moses wrote except wee beleeue Masius that the Pentateuch and other Scriptures were by Ezra after the captiuitie digested into that forme with those names which we now haue Here was after built Caesarea Paneadis called afterward of Philip the Tetrach Caesarea Philippi and after that by Agrippa Neronia This ioyning of Ior and Dan is the beginning of the apparant streame but the true and first conception of it is in Phiale one hundred and twentie furlongs from Caesarea a Fountayne of vnsearchable depth which yet like some miserable Churle alwayes contayneth the waters in it selfe till sinking and as it were buried in the earth those treasures being by Natures stealth conueyed vnder ground vnto Dan or Paneas who is liberall of that Vsurers wealth for into that Phiale powre as much as you will it neuer increaseth or decreaseth and thence it becommeth a Riuer Philip the Tetrach of Trachonitis by casting chaffe therein which was paid him againe at Dan first found out this vnder-earth passage The Saracens call that Phiale in this respect Medan that is the waters of Dan. Before it maketh the Lake of Genezareth it maketh another called Samachonitis This is especially filled when the snowes on Libanus are melted which causeth Iordan then to swell and ouer-flow his bankes in the first moneth yeerly and made the miracle in Ioshua's passage thorow it the more miraculous but in Summer it is almost dried vp and by reason of that matter which therein groweth is a harbor for wild beasts It is called the waters of Meron halfe way betweene Caesarea Philippi where the marriage betweene Ior and Dan is solemnized and the Lake of Genezareth Elias and after his assumption his cloke diuided these streames Naamans leprosie was here
all the face of the Earth and hath assigned the bounds of their habitation passed thither by some place where the Continent of our World ioyneth with America or where the Ilands thereof are found fit Mediatours for this passage being not farre distant from the Land And this on the North parts of the World where they place that fabulous Streight of Anian not yet certaynly discouered may be so besides that on the South men might passe from the Coasts of Malacca to Iaua and so to the South Continent and from thence by the Magellane Streights into America Groneland is found to bee the same Continent with Estotiland on the North. Some Negro's by force of tempest it is probable haue passed hither because in Careca some haue beene found betweene Saint Martha and Cartagena Of whom Iohn di Castellanos writeth Son todos ellos Negros comocueros c. They are all sayth hee as blacke as Rauens And of this minde is Botero and those French Worthies Du Bartas and Philip Morney It is not likely that the beasts could otherwise passe but by the Continent or by Ilands not farre off from the Continent or from one another Master Brerewood a man learned and iudicious in his Posthume worke of Languages and Religions affirmeth that America receiued her first Inhabitants from those parts of Asia where the Tartars first inhabited For those parts of America being most replenished which respect Asia and there being no token of the Arts or industry of China India or Cataya in many things also they seeming to resemble those old Tartars and their Countrey being eyther not at all or least of all other seuered from the North parts of America he concludeth as aforesaid A man may with like probable coniecture bring them from the Samoyeds bordering Northward from Russia and the Laplanders which by Northerne Ilands whereof there are some daily discouered might by passing from one to another seate themselues in Greenland Gronland Estotiland and other parts neere to or vpon America For the Inhabitants of the one are much like to the other And thus by many wayes Gods Prouidence might dispose Inhabitants to these parts that wee speake not of the South vnknowne Continent which is supposed to extend it selfe to the Line and from the Ilands of Asia might easily receiue and conuey Inhabitants hither As for Genebrards deriuation of the Americans from the ten Tribes prooued by the dreames of Esdras elsewhere alledged with like truth for the Tartars and some inscriptions out of Thenet they which will may beleeue Heere also ariseth another question how these beastes could passe from the parts of the knowne World where none such are knowne to which it may be answered That God hath appointed to euery Creature his peculiar nature and a naturall instinct to liue in places most agreeing to his nature as euen in our World , Non omnis fert omnia tellus Euery Countrey hath not all Creatures the Elephant Rhinoceros Riuer-horse Crocodile Camell Camelopardalis and others are not ordinarily and naturally in Europe nor the Zebra in Asia or Europe and the like may be said of many other Creatures Now as in the Arke it selfe the Cradle of Man and stall of Beasts wee must not onely obserue Nature and Art for the making and managing thereof but a higher and more powerful hand euen so in dispencing the creatures which came from thence they chose places by their owne naturall instinct and man disposed by his industrie according as he had vse of them but most of all the secret and mighty prouidence of God co-working in those works of Nature and industry and in likelihood infusing some more speciall and extraordinarie instinct in that replenishing and refurnishing of the World Assigning them their seasons and bounds of habitation hath thus diuersified his workes according to the diuersities of places and sorted out to each Countrey their peculiar creatures As for the comming by ship it is for the beasts improbable for the men by any great numbers or of any set purpose vnlikely except as before is said seeing in all America they had no shipping but their Canoes The beasts also haue not bin found in the Ilands which are in the Continent And if any hereunto will adde a supposition that there might be some Ilands or parts of the Continent in times past which is now swallowed by the mercilesse Ocean so that then there might be a way which now is buried in the waues as some suppose of Plato's Atlantis placed at the mouth of the Streits or Hercules Pillars which yet they would haue to be America and some of the Sea betwixt Douer and Callis once one firme Land as they doe imagine I list not to contradict them As for the Indians owne report of their beginning which some ascribe to a Fountaine others to a Lake others to a Caue or what other opinion they conceiue thereof we shall more fitly obserue in their proper places discoursing of their Religions and Opinions Now for he first certain Discouery of this New World the World generally ascribeth it to Columbus and worthily but Columbus himselfe is said to haue receiued his instructions from another §. II. Of Christopher Colon or Columbus his first Discouerie and three other Voyages THis Historie is thus related by Gomera and Ioannes Mariana A certaine Carauel sayling in the Ocean by a strong East winde long continuing was carried to a Land vnknowne which was not expressed in the Maps and Cards It was much longer in returning then in going and ariuing had none left aliue but the Pilot and three or foure Mariners the rest being dead of famine and other extremities of which also the remnant perished in few dayes leauing to Columbus then the Pilots host their Papers and some grounds of this Discouerie The time place countrey and name of the man is vncertaine some esteeme this Pilot an Andaluzian and that he traded at Madera when this befell him some a Biscaine and that his trafficke was in England and France and some a Portugall that traded at the Mina some say hee ariued in Portugall others at Madera or at one of the Azores all agree that he dyed in the house of Christopher Columbus It is most likely at Madera This Relation as it hath no witnesses to proue it the whole company being dead nor any good circumstances so Benzo and Ramusius plainely affirme it to be a fable and a Spanish tricke enuying a Forrenner and Italian that glory to be the first finder of the Indies And the most sincere and iudicious of the Spaniards themselues esteeme it but a tale as appeares by the testimonie of Gonzalo Fernando de Ouiedo in his Summary and more fully in his generall Historie of the Indies They shew and so doth he which then liued in the Court of Spaine Peter Martyr another cause that moued Columbus to this Discouery and not that Pilots papers or
a line thence drawne to the Caspian Sea and that Isthmus which is betwixt that and the Pontike Sea secondly the great Chams Countrey from thence to the Easterne Sea betwixt the frozen Sea and the Caspian thirdly That which is subiect to the Turke all from Sarmatia and Tartaria Southwards betweene Tygris and the Mediterranean Sea fourthly The Persian Kingdome betweene the Turke Tartar India and the Red Sea fiftly India within and beyond Ganges from Indus to Cantan sixtly The Kingdome of China seuenthly The Islands These diuisions are not so exact as may be wished because of that variety vncertainty in those Kingdomes Many things doth Asia yeeld not elsewhere to be had Myrrhe Frankincense Cinamon Cloues Nutmegs Mace Pepper Muske and other like besides the chiefest Iewels It hath also Minerals of all sorts It nourisheth Elephants Camels and many other Beasts Serpents Fowles wilde and tame as in the ensuing Discourse in their due places shall appeare yet doth it not nourish such monstrous shapes of men as fabulous Antiquitie fained It brought foorth that Monster of Irreligion Mahumet whose Sect in diuerse Sects it fostereth with long continuance of manifold Superstitions It hath now those great Empires of the Turke Persian Mogore Cathayan Chinois it had sometimes the Parthian and before that the Persian Median Assyrian Scythian and first as it seemeth before them all the Babylonian Empire vnder Nimrod which is therefore in the next place to be spoken of CHAP. X. Of Babylonia the originall of Idolatrie and the Chaldaeans Antiquities before the Floud as BEROSVS hath reported them COnfusion caused diuision of Nations Regions and Religions Of this Confusion whereof is alreadie spoken the Citie and thereof this Countrey tooke the name Plinie maketh it a part of Syria which hee extendeth from hence to Cilicia Strabo addeth as farre as the Pontike Sea But is vsually reckoned an entire Countrey of it selfe which Ptolomey doth thus bound On the North it hath Mesopotamia on the West Arabia Deserta Susiana on the East on the South part of Arabia and the Persian Gulfe Luke maketh Babylonia a part of Mesopotamia Ptolomey more strictly diuideth them whereunto also agreeth the interpretation of the Land of Shinar that it was the lower part of Mesopotamia containing Chaldaea and Babylon lying vnder the Mount Sangara In this Countrey was built the first City which we read of after the Floud by the vngratefull World mooued thereunto as some thinke by Nimrod the sonne of Cush nephew of Cham. For as Caines posteritie before the Floud were called the sonnes of Men as more sauouring the things of men then of God more industrious in humane inuentions then religious deuotions so by Noahs curse it may appeare and by the Nations that descended of him that Cham was the first Author after the Floud of irreligion Neither is it likely that he which derided his old Father whom Age Holinesse Fatherhood Benefits and thrice greatest Function of Monarchy Priesthood and Prophecie should haue taught him to reuerence That he I say which at once could breake all these bonds and chaines of Nature and Humanitie would be held with any bonds of Religion or could haue an eye of Faith to see him which is inuisible hauing put out his eyes of Reason and Ciuilitie Had hee feared God had he reuerenced man had hee made but profession of these things in some hypocriticall shew hee could not so easily haue sitten downe at ease in that Chaire of Scorning whence we read not that euer hee rose by repentance From this Cham came Nimrod The mightie hunter before the Lord not of innocent beasts but of men compelling them to his subiection although Noah and Sem were yet aliue with many other Patriarches As for Noah the fabling Heathen it is like deified him The Berosus of fabling Annius calleth him Father of the gods Heauen Chaos the Soule of the World Ianus his double face might seeme to haue arisen hence of Noahs experience of both Ages before and after the Floud The fable of Saturnus cutting off his Fathers priuities might take beginning of that act for which Cham was cursed Sem is supposed to be that Melchisedech King of Salem the figure of the Lord and the propagator of true Religion although euen in his posteritie it failed in which Abrahams Father as witnesseth Ioshua serued other gods Iaphets pietie causeth vs to perswade our selues good things of him Cham and his posteritie we see the authors of ruine Philo and Methodius so are the two bookes called but falsly tell That in these daies they began to diuine by Starres and to sacrifice their children by Fire which Element Nimrod compelled men to worship and that to leaue a name to posteritie they engraued their names in the brickes wherewith Babel was builded Abraham refusing to communicate with them and good cause for he was not yet borne was cast into their Brick-kill and came out long after from his Mothers wombe without harme Nahor Lot and other his fellowes nine in number saued themselues by flight Others adde that Aram Abrams brother was done to death for refusing to worship the Fire Qui Bauium non odit amet tua carmina Maeui To come to truer and more certaine reports Moses saith That the beginning of Kimrods Kingdome was Babel and Erech and Acad and Calne which three some interpret Edessa Nisibis Callinisum And whereas commonly it is translated in the next words Out of that Land came Ashur and built Niniueh Tremellius and Iunius read it Out of this Land hee Nimrod went into Ashur or Assyria and built Niniue and Rehoboth Calah and Resen But most vsually this is vnderstood of Ashur the sonne of Sem who disclayming Nimrods tyrannie built Niniue which after became the chiefe City of the Assyrian Empire to which Babylon it selfe was subiected not long after Xenophon de Aequiuocis if his authority be current saith That the eldest of the cheife families were called Saturni their Fathers had to name Coelum their wiues Rhea and out of a piller erected by Semiramis to Ninus alleageth this inscription My Father was Iupiter Belus my Grandfather Saturnus Babylonicus my great Grandfather Saturnus Aethiops who was sonne of Saturnus Aegyptius to whom Coelus Phoenix Ogyges was Father Ogyges is interpreted Noah therefore called Phoenix because of his habitation as is thought in Phoenicia not farre from whence in Ierusalem Sem raigned Saturnus Aegyptius may be the name of Cham of whose name Egypt is in Scripture tearmed the land of Cham. Saturnus Aethiops is Cush Nimrod Babylonicus the father of Belus who begat Ninus But this cannot be altogether true For Niniue hath greater antiquitie then Nimrods Nephew howsoeuer the Greeke Histories ascribe this to Ninus and Babylon to his wife Semiramis except we say that by them these two Cities formerly built were enlarged and erected to that magnificence which with the growth of the Assyrian Empire
or Lord Ioseph which in the Mountaines holds out against the Turke he tells also of one Asan Bashaw which ruleth like a King in an ancient Citie called Achilles paying duties to the Turke successiuely from his predecessours of the house as it is sayd of Sanballat and is called Eben Sumboloc and his Kindred call one another Amiogli for they account themselues Ammonites This Bashaw is old and referreth matters of gouernement to his kinsman Vseph Beg. It should seeme they are some relickes of the Cutheans or Samaritans which perhaps ioyne with the Drusians in many things There are also in these parts of Palaestina many Arabians which it seemes haue pestered those places euer since the inuasion of Homar if not before and these still vse to prey vpon the Pilgrims that trauell to Ierusalem notwithstanding the conduct of Ianizaries Of these Arabians one Sect is called Beduines which imagining the day of euery mans death fatally destined neuer goe armed to battell vsing onely Speares and Swords disdaining Bowes and Arrowes as tokens of cowardise These are false alike to Christians and Saracens easily betraying either alway addicting themselues to the strongest dwell in Tents goe cloathed with skinnes wander vp and downe in Tribes still seeking fresh pastures feed on Milke and commit the care of all businesses to their wiues Some of the Easterne people worship to the East which they say they learned of their fathers that were Christians themselues being Mahumetans yet account other Saracens hereticall and some esteeme the Sunne to bee the chiefe God Thus Vitriacus §. VI. Of the vnchristian Christians SVch are and haue beene the vnholy Inhabitants of the Holy Land since the Iewes expulsion neither can wee say much better of their conquerours the Persians Arabians Turkes Tartars Mamalukes and after these the Turkes in the Ottoman Dynastie no nor can wee commend the Christians for much Christianitie whether the natiue Surians some of which haue passed through all these changes without any great change either to the Saracenicall or Westerne Rites from their Greekish or their inuaders and conquerours For these soone degenerated into an vnchristian Christianitie and were called Pulam successors of the places not the conditions of those which passed thither with Duke Godfrey They gaue themselues to effeminate delicacies to excesse in dyet and apparell full of intestine discords and ciuill contentions coozners and false addicted to Witch-crafts and Diuinations contumeliously abusing Pilgrims whom deuotion had brought from farre Countries thither or which came to helpe them against the Saracens calling them in scorne the sonnes of Hernaud The Maronite Christians were in times past sixtie thousand but now are few neither is this a fit place for discourse of that and other Sects of Christians liuing in or frequenting these holy places Nestorians Iacobites Abassens Armenians Georgians Greekes and others But the conditions of the Inhabitants at that time wee mention as the cause of the losse of that Countrey to the Saracens the Clergie minding more as a Clergie man of their owne expresseth the Churches goods then her good to fleece then to feed their flockes the Regulars enriched with possessions religion brought foorth wealth and the daughter ate vp the mother The Natiue Laytie melted in lusts and pleasures grew more fearefull then women except they were assisted with the Frankes English or other Westerne people strengthning themselues in the strength of their contentions against their Christian brethren with Saracenicall assistance Their wiues they mewed vp very close from the sight almost of brethren and neerest kindred scarce suffering them to visit the Church once in a yeere some of the greater ones erecting Altars in their wiues bed-chambers whereon some sillie Priest might mumble his Parrot mumsimus They the more enraged vsed all meanes with womens wiles and deuillish wils by Sorceries or any other meanes to effect their filthy purposes It was also made a refuge and receptacle of the most disordered persons in these Westerne parts Theeues Robbers Periured Adulterers Traytors Murtherers Parricides Pyrats Apostate Monks and Nunnes which became common harlots and other monsters in shapes of men and women passing the Sea to this Land entituled Holy wher 's Coelum non animum changing soyle not soule they practised the like villanies with lesse shame being further from their friends And easily might they escape after greatest mischiefes either running as Rennegadoes to the Saracens or escaping by ship to some neere Iland or to such priuiledged Sanctuaries as euery Religious house afforded to the preiudice of iustice and Religion Some also which in Europe had beene condemned for some crimes by mediation of friends obtained this exchange of punishment to bee sent hither where they became harbourers of Whores Gamers Murtherers and for further impunitie were at a yeerely fee with the great ones Neither could the feare of humane Iustice or diuine Iudgements reclaime them many terrible Earthquakes happening amongst them by one of which Tyrus was almost vtterly together with the Inhabitants destroyed shake their earthie hardned hearts or mooue them to relent No maruell if the Land could no longer brooke such Inhabitants but exposed them to the sword of the Saracens and then againe for so the father when hee hath chastened his children casts the rod into the fire to the Tartars and from one to another till the Turke now Lords it amongst them in sort as you haue heard And euen still the wickednesse of the people in vnnaturall lusts and namelesse filthinesse is such that I abhorre further to write of it so is this paradise of the world both in bodily and spirituall pleasures and fruitfulnesse now become a desolate wildernesse for the one and disconsolate in the other whiles one is loath to sow for another to reape Iustus es Domine Iusta sunt iudicia tua OF THE ARABIANS SARACENS TVRKES AND OF THE ANCIENT INHABITANTS OF ASIA MINOR AND OF THEIR RELIGIONS The Second Booke CHAP. I. Of Arabia and of the ancient Religions Rites and Customes thereof ARABIA is a very large Region lying betweene two Bayes or Gulfes of the Sea the Persian on the East and that which hereof is called the Arabian on the West On the South is the Ocean on the North is Syria and Euphrates Plinie sets downe the Northerne Limits the Hill Amanus ouer against Cilicia and Commagena many Colonies of them being there planted by Tigranes the Great it thence sayth hee declineth to our Sea and the Aegyptian shore and to the heart of Syria to Mount Libanus By a certaine workemanship of Nature it much resembleth the forme and site of Italy Arabia signifieth Holy as Solinus affirmeth But in the Scripture 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Harabi signifieth both a robber by the way and an Arabian So Ier. 3.2 In the wayes thou hast sate for them as the Arabian in the Wildernesse in the vulgar Latine is translated Expectans eos quasi latro insidians in solitudine Saint
Nicolaus Damascenus calling it Baris with losse of the first syllable Iuuenal accuseth the Armenians of Sooth-saying and Fortune-telling by viewing the inwards of Pigeons Whelpes and Children His words are in Sat. 6. Spondet Amatorem tenerum vel diuitis orbi Testamentum ingens calidae pulmone columbae Tractato Armenius vel Commagenus Aruspex Pectora pulmonum rimabitur exta catelli Interdum pueri That is A tender Louer or rich Legacie Of child-lesse Rich man for your destinie Th' Armenian Wizard in hot Lungs doth spie Of Pigeons Or of Whelpes the inwards handling Or sometimes bloudie search of Children mangling The Mountaines of Armenia pay tribute vnto many Seas by Phasis and Lycus vnto the Pontike Sea Cyrus and Araxes vnto the Caspian Euphrates and Tygris vnto the Red or Persian Sea these two last are famous for their yeerely ouerflowings the former of them arising amidst three other Seas yet by the incroaching violence of the beetle-browed Hils enforced to a farre longer more intricate and tedious way before hee can repose his wearied waues the other for his swiftnesse bearing the name of Tygris which with the Medes signifieth an Arrow Solinus cap. 40. saith That it passeth through the Lake Arethusa neither mingling waters nor fishes quite of another colour from the Lake it diueth vnder Taurus and bringeth with it much drosse on the other side of the Mountaine and is againe hidden and againe restored and at last carrieth Euphrates into the Sea The Armenians besides their naturall Lords haue been subiect to the Persians after that to the Macedonians and againe to the Persian after to Antiochus Captaines then to the Romans and Parthians tossed betwixt the Grecians and Saracens subdued after successiuely to the Tartarians Persians and Turkes Of these present Armenians Master Cartwright reporteth That they are a people very industrious in all kinde of labour their women very skilfull and actiue in shooting and managing any sort of weapon like the ancient Amazons Their Families are great the father and all his posteritie dwelling together vnder one roofe hauing their substance in common and when the father dieth the eldest sonne doth gouerne the rest all submitting themselues vnder his Regiment after his death not his sonne but the next brother succeedeth and so after all the brethren are dead to the eldest sonne In diet and clothing they are all alike of their two Patriarches and their Christian profession wee are to speake in fitter place The Turcomanians later inhabitants are as other the Scythians or Tartarians from whence they are deriued theeuish wandring vp and downe in Tents without certaine habitations like as the Curds also their Southerly neighbours their cattell and their robberies being their greatest wealth Of their Religion except of such as after their manner bee Christians which wee must deferre till a fitter time wee can finde little to say more then is said alreadie in our Turkish Historie This wee may here deplore of the vnhappy sight of Armenia which though it repeopled the world yet is it least beholding to her viperous off-spring a Map of the worlds miseries through so many ages For being hemmed alway with mightie neighbours on both sides it selfe is made the bloudie Lists of their ambitious encounters alway losing whosoeuer wonne alway the Gauntlet of the Challenger the Crowne of the Conquerour This to let passe elder times the Romans and Parthians Greeke Emperours and Saracens Turkes and Tartarians Turkes and Mamulukes Turkes and Persians doe more then enough proue §. II. Of IBERIA PTOLOMBY placeth to the North of Armenia Colchis washed by the Pontike Sea Albania by the Caspian and betwixt these two Iberia now together with some part of Armenia called Georgia either for the honour of their Patron Saint George or haply because they descended of those Georgi which Plinie nameth among the Caspian Inhabitants Strabo recordeth foure kindes of people in this Iberia of the first sort are chosen two Kings the one precedent in age and nobilitie the others Leader in Warre and Law-giuer in Peace the second sort are the Priests the third Husbandmen and Souldiers the fourth the vulgar seruile people These haue all things common by Families but hee is Ruler with his eldest a thing obserued of the Armenian Christians as before is said euen at this day Constantinus Porphyrogenitus the Emperour writeth That the Iberians boast and glorie of their descent from the wife of Vriah which Dauid defiled and of the children gotten betweene them Thus would they seeme to bee of kin to Dauid and the Virgin Mary and for that cause they marry in their owne kindred They came say they from Ierusalem being warned by Vision to depart thence and seated themselues in these parts There departed from Ierusalem Dauid and his brother Spandiates who obtained say they such a fauour from GOD that no member of his could bee wounded in warre except his heart which hee therefore diligently armed whereby he became dreadfull to the Persians whom hee subdued and placed the Iberians in these their habitations In the time of Heraclius they ayded him against the Persians which after that became an easie prey to the Saracens Of the Roman conquests and exploits in Armenia Colchis Iberia Albania I lift not here to relate §. III. Of ALBANIA ALBANIA now Zuiria lyeth North and East betwixt Iberia and the Sea of which Strabo affirmeth that they need not the Sea who make no better vse of the Land for they bestow not the least labour in husbandrie and yet the earth voluntarily and liberally yeeldeth her store and where it is once sowen it may twice or thrice be reaped The men were so simple that they neither had vse of money nor did they number aboue an hundred ignorant of weights measures warre ciuilitie husbandrie there were in vse among them sixe and twentie languages They had Spiders which would procure death vpon men smiling and some also which did men to die weeping They worshipped the Sunne Iupiter and the Moone whose Temple was neere to Iberia The Priest which ruled it was next in honour to the King hee performeth the Holy Rites ruleth the Holy Region which is large and full of people of the sacred Seruants many being inspired doe Diuine or Prophecie Hee which is most rauished with the spirit wandreth alone through the Woods him the Priest taketh and bindeth with a sacred Chaine allowing him sumptuous nourishment the space of a yeere and after bringeth him to bee slaine with other sacrifices to the Goddesse The Rites are thus One which is skilfull of this businesse holding the sacred Speare wherewith they vse to slay the man stepping forth thrusteth it into his heart in his falling they obserue certaine tokens of diuination then doe they bring out the bodie into some place where they all goe ouer it The Albanians honoured olde-age in all men death in none accounting it vnlawfull to mention a dead man with whom they
at his departure to giue a signe thereof by striking downe the top of a steeple Which being effected the Kings conuersion followed together with many of the Nobilitie to the Roman faith libertie also being granted to preach it openly and to build Churches and Monasteries thorowout the Kingdome This was beleeued in England especially by a friend of our Authors vnto whom that Pamphlet was sent who requested him to say Masse in thanks-giuing to GOD for so great a benefit But in the end that Iesuite who sent the Pamphlet gaue out that it was but a thing deuised by French Hugonets to disgrace their societie Gracious societie that can sometime cure their lies with a distinction of piaefraudes sometime couer them with a robe of the new fashion Aequiuocation sometimes can expose their bastards at other mens doores to shield themselues from shame with laying the blame on others and haue a mint in their pragmaticall heads of such supersubtle inuentions what are they now disgraced and that by Hugonets Euen as truly as the Parliament-house should haue beene blowne vp by Puritans this also was the Ignatians deuice or like to that newes of the late Queene whose Ambassadours were at Rome for the Popes Absolution or that of Bezaes recantation and Geneuaes submission to the Pope Blessed Ignatius let mee also inuocate or let him deigne to reade in that all-seeing glasse this poore supplication infuse some better spirit or some cleanlier and more wittie conueyance at least into thy new progenie lest the Protestants grosser wits sent see feele the palpablenesse and impute the Iesuitical courses to that Author which said he would go out and be a lying spirit in the mouth of all ACHABS Prophets which when he speaketh a lie speaketh of his owne because he is a lier and the father thereof Hitherto wee tooke Ignatius for their father but now we find a New of whom they borrow Bankruptly shifts beseeming onely the Merchants of Babylon disgracing humanitie defacing diuinitie worthily raunged amongst the poore policies of the Hospitall of the desperate Since also Iansonius in his Mercurius Gallobelgicus hath told vs newes of the Kings graunt to build a Temple and Monasterie for Christians himselfe as hee saith much enclining to that religion whereupon many haue been baptized and not a few through the power of holy-water haue beene cured The King hath further sent to the Georgians to vnite them to the Romish Church and the Armenians also by an embassage to Rome haue protested all obedience to that Sea as they before had done in the Couent of Saint Augustine which is in the chiefe Citie of Persia He setteth downe the copie of King Abas his Letter to the Pope wherein he requested him to send a Prelate to gouerne at Tres Ecclesiae where the chiefe of the Armenian Christians vsed to reside The like he writeth in another letter to the King of Spaine which if it be so argueth rather his policie to obtaine good will and helpe of the Christians against the Turk then any loue to Christian Religion CHAP. X. Of the Scythians Sarmatians and Seres and of their Religion §. I. Of the Scythian Name People Region Language and manner of life VNder the name Scythia is contained a verie great part of the world It was diuided into Scythia Europaea and Asiatica Pliny saith That this name reacheth vnto the Sarmatians and Germans and to those farthest Nations which were vnknowne to other men And Strabo in his first booke saith That all knowne Regions towards the North were-called Scythians or Nomades and in his eleuenth booke he affirmeth that the Greekes called all those Northerne Nations Scythians and Celtoscythians Those beyond the Adriatike and Pontike Seas and the Riuer Ister or Danubius were called Hyperborei Sauromatae and Arimaspi those beyond the Caspian Sea Sacae and Massagetae Some will haue this name to be giuen them 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which signifieth to be angrie Others of their Shooting called still of some of those Nations and in some other languages Schieten of which our word Shoot is deriued Mela in his third Booke and fifth Chapter calleth them all Sagae and in the fragment which beareth the name of Cato de Originibus is mentioned Scythia Saga this word Saga Berosus interpreteth a Priest saying that Noah left the Scythian Armenians his rituall bookes which onely Priests and that onely among Priests might reade who were therefore called Saga as Noah himselfe had been These peopled the Countries from Armenia to the Bactrians all which place was called Scythia Saga ouer which Sabatius reigning in the time of Iupiter Belus Araxa with his sonne Scythia possessed all from Armenia Westward to Samatia in Europe The Grecians fable Hercules to be the father of these Nations begetting Scythes on a monster whose vpper halfe resembled a Woman the nether part a Viper It were an endlesse and boundlesse worke to seeke and set out the true and proper beginnings and bounds of this so large a Tract of the world called Scythia the particular Nations of them would be but harsh to recite out of Pliny Mela Strabo and others the multitude wherof he that will may find in Ortelius his Thesaurus collected together The Sarmatae or Sauromatae are sometime made one peculiar people of the Scythians and sometimes the names are confounded Sarmatia also being diuided into Europaea and Asiatica whereof the one is interpreted by Oliuerus Polonia by Ortelius Russia and the other Tartaria Goropius in his Becceselana admiring his owne language coniectureth that while Nimrod and his company fell to babel or after our pronuntiation babble at Babel others namely the Cymbrians or posteritie of Gomer staied still in Margiana a Countrie fruitfull of Vines whither hee imagineth Noah descended out of the Arke and there abode after the Floud These he supposeth being not at Babel retained their old and first vniuersall language But Margiana growing too little for their multiplied numbers they were forced to send out Colonies And thus the Saxons Tectosages Sauromatae Getes or Gothes the Danes Galles and other Scythian Nations the true posteritie of Gomer and keepers of the first language as he by Dutch Etymologies gathereth peopled both Scythia and Sarmatia in Asia and Europe together with all Germanie France England Norway Denmarke and some parts of Asia Minor Hee that will bee further informed of his Reasons let him reade his Saxonica Gotodanica and other Treatises of his Becceselanian Antiquities Ptolomey distinguisheth Scythia from Samatia hee confineth Sarmatia Europaea with the Sarmatian Ocean and the land vnknowne on the North with Vistula on the West the Easterne border is Tanais from whence vnto the Hircanian Sea Eastward is Sarmatia Asiatica on the North abutting on the vnknown parts of the earth on the South with the Euxine Sea and a line drawne right from thence to the Caspian Sea Scythia is by
vprore that they fell together by the eares and another quarrell happening betweene a Religious and a Secular Priest the Chinois gaue out that Cataneus the Iesuite went about to make himselfe King of China as one that knew the Countrey and had bin in both the Royall Cities with the helpe of the Iesuites there residing Iapanders and others This made the Chinois to flye from Macao and to divulge such rumors in Canton that there was a sudden muster of souldiers through the Prouince and one thousand houses of the chiefe Citie without the Walls pulled downe one of the Iesuites Societie apprehended and beaten with Canes to death and with much adoe this little adoe was after pacified And now the Iesuites thinke themselues in better case then euer and haue as they say conuerted fiue thousand to their Faith in this Kingdome after thirty yeares labours hauing foure or fiue places of Residence And would God as I professe my selfe indebted to them for this Light of History so they might haue iust cause of thankefulnesse to God and them for the Christian Light and that it were not confused with such Heathenish exchange of one Image for another and rather the names then substance of deuotion altered Beads Tapers Single Votaries Processions Monasteries Altars Images hee and she Saints with other Rites being there alreadie and the very art of their Images causing an Ethnike adoration as they tell of a Vice-roy that would not looke vpon one of them but in a Chappell in the higher part of his house set on an Altar with Tapers and Odours dayly burning thereto and their manner of Preaching being not by Word so much as by Writing and that not by Authorities of Scripture but by Arguments of Reason furthered by their owne Philosophie and commended by Mathematicall Sciences strange Ground-workes to Faith and Theologie OF THE EAST-INDIES AND OF THE SEAS AND ILANDS ABOVT ASIA WITH THEIR RELIGIONS THE FIFTH BOOKE CHAP. I. Of India in Generall and of the Ancient Rites there obserued §. I. The Limits and the ancient People and Inuasions of India THe name of India is now applyed to all farre-distant Countries not in the extreme limits of Asia alone but euen to whole America through the error of Columbus and his fellowes who at their first arriuall in the Westerne world thought that they had met with Ophir and the Indian Regions of the East But the Ancients also comprehended vnder this name a huge Tract of Land no lesse in the iudgement of Alexanders followers in his Eastern Inuasions then the third part of the Earth Ctosias accounted it one halfe of Asia Yea a great part of Africa also is comprehended vnder that name So Turnebus in his Aduersaria not onely findeth the Barbarians and Parthians called by that name in Virgil but Thebes in the higher Egypt and Ammone Temple in Higinus and Aethiopia also as in our discourse thereof will further appeare But taking India more properly Dionysius bounds it betweene Caucasus and the Red-Sea Indus and Ganges Ouid likewise in that Verse Decolor extremo quâ cingitur India Gange But Ptolemy and other Geographers did vsually diuide India by the Riuer Ganges into two parts one on this side Ganges and the other beyond Although here we finde no lesse difficultie concerning Ganges which the most with my selfe account the same with Guenga that falleth into the gulfe of Bengala which they also imagine to be that which of the Ancients is called Sinus Gangeticus Others esteeme the Riuer Canton whereon standeth the supposed Canton chiefe City of one of the Chinian Prouinces whereof wee haue so lately taken our leaue to be that Ganges of which minde are Mercator Maginus Gotardus Arthus and their disciples M. Paulus diuideth India into three parts the Lesse the Greater which hee calleth Malabar and Abassia betwixt them both Dom. Niger reckoneth the same number The Name of India flowed from the Riuer Indus Semiramis is reported to inuade India with three millions of foot-men and 500000. horse besides counterfeit Elephants made of the hides of 300000. Oxen stuffed with hay Yet Staurobates at that time the Indian Monarch brake her Forces and chased her out of the field Megasthenes reckoneth one hundred twentie two Indian Nations Arrianus in his eight booke makes a large description of this Indian world saying That they liued like the Scythians without Houses Cities Temples in a wandring course with their Tents on the barke of the Tree Tala and wild Venison the skins where of were there garments In all India were no seruants but all free-men These things were altred by Bacchus or Dionystus who made an Expedition hither not so much with Armes as with Arts He taught them the vse of Wine Oyle and Sacrificing in memorie whereof Posteritie honoured him for a god Of this the Poets and Histories of Alexander others make much mention So doth Suidas tell of one Brachman that prescribed the Rites and Lawes of the Brachmanes Solinus of Hydaspes and others of Ganges Hercules the rest with much vncertaintie Postellus strangely conceiteth himselfe that Abrahams posteritie by Keturah seated themselues in India and were there knowne by the name of Iewes before the Iewes in Palestina that they obserued Circumcision and dispersed it into Syria Egypt Armenia Colchis Iberia Paphlagonia Chaldea and India before Moses led the Israelites out of Egypt and that the Brachmanes were so called quasi Abrahmanes as following the instructions of Abraham Abraham wee beleeue the Father of the faithfull but cannot father on him such vnfaithfull and degenerate generations no more then with the same Postellus wee acknowledge the Turkes the posteritie of the ten Tribes and the Tartars to be the remainder of those Turkes following Cabalisticall coniectures But that which he speaketh of the name Iewes and Abrachmanes in India may perhaps arise from a testimony cited out of Megasthenes his Indica by Clem. Alex. That all things obserued by Naturall Phylosophers in Greece bad beene handled before partly by the Brachmanes amongst the Indians partly of those which in Syria are called Iewes in which testimonie he ioyneth Iewes and Brachmanes in Profession of the same learned Science of Naturall Philosophy Apuleius maketh the Brachmans first Founders of the Pythagorean learning and reporteth further That at dinner-time the Table was made readie and the youths from diuers Places and Seruices resorted thither at which time the Masters questioned with them what good they had done that day one answereth Hee had beene a Peace-maker to reduce such such which were at oddes to amitie another had done this or that for his Parents another had studied or meditated on such a point Once he which could not giue good account of his mornings worke might not be admitted to receiue any dinner-wages Strabo in his fifteenth Booke is large in this Indian subiect Hee reporteth out of Aristobulus that the Riuer Indus by force of
need not this ruder but iust and true Apologie As for other Obiections they are friuolous and either ridiculous or meerely accidentall and it is Puritanisme in Politie to conceit any great Good without some Euills attendant in any Enterprise whatsoeuer where the Heauens Great Lights are subiect to Eclipses the longest Day hath a Night the Summer yeelds vicissitude to Winter all Bodies are mixed and compounded and in the greatest Lustre make an apparant Shadow Apparant Shadowes are the obiected expence of Victuall as if these mouthes would not exceed farre more in quantitie and qualitie at home of Timber as if this be not the most honourable vse thereof though Ireland yeeldes supply in this kind of eclipsing or sinking other Trades sic inter Stellas argentea Luna minores will they be angrie that so few Starres appeare when Aurora is preparing the Sunnes Chariot They adde Oppressions and Dealing cruelly I know not whether this be a cruell lye and many other alledged against these Indian Nauigations bee but English Knauigations This I know that the Wisest hath forbidden to answere a foole according to his foolishnesse lest thou also bee like him Easie it is for fooles to moue Scruples in the Actions of the Wisest and not hard for euill mindes to make that which they find not euill But Christians are to imitate Him rather which commanded the Light to shine out of Darkenesse with a candide Mind the true Image of GOD alway construing doubtfull things to the best which the best will doe to whom and for whom this is intended As for Cauillers they haue their Dos here according to Salomons Prescipt Answere a foole according to his foolishnesse lest he be wise in his owne conceit §. IIII. The Conclusion with commendation of the Mariner c. NOw that I haue after my ability answered the obiections and produced so many Arguments the most of which are Store-houses and Heads of many Let this be the last argument which to me was not the least and here was placed first the Increase of learning and knowledge by these worthy Discoueries of Marine Worthies How little had we knowne of the World and the Wonders of God in the World had not the Sea opened vs a Passage into all Lands Pegasus the winged Horse which the Poets fained with the stroke of his foot first made Helicon the Muses Well to spring was the issue of Neptune and that snaky-headed Monster Medusa The Mariner seemes rough-hewen and rude according to the Ocean that breeds him but hee that can play with those dangers which would transforme others into stones and dares dwell within so few inches of death that calls the most tempestuous Elements his Parents Hee I say is the true Pegasus that with his wing-like Sailes flies ouer the World which hath helped to deliuer Andromeda Geography before chained to the Rockes and ready to bee deuoured of that Monster Ignorance and out of whose salt waters wisely distilled Clio Vrania and the best of the Muses drinke their sweetest and freshest liquors Howsoeuer Others My Selfe must confesse and this Booke will witnesse that My Helicon hath in great part flowne from the footing of this Pegasus And let it be the Honour of Our Honourable SMITH that His hand hath fitted this Foot of Pegasus to this Indian Iourney whither he is now carrying you at Whose Forge and Anuill haue beene hammer'd so many irons for Neptune not like Xerxes his Arrogance which proudly cast Fetters into the Hellespont but with true effects of Conquest Mee thinkes I here see the Sterne that with little locall stirring Stiereth so many Ships to so many Ports visited by your Pilgrim HONDIVS his Map of the EAST-INDIA INDIA Orientalis CHAP. III. Of the Indian Prouinces next adioyning to China §. I. Of Cauchin China Camboia and the Laos CAuchin-China is an Indian Kingdome situate betweene the Prouince of Canton on the North and Camboia on the South in the bottome of a great Bay diuided into three Prouinces and as many Kings but one of them is Paramount It aboundeth with Gold Siluer Aloes Porcelane and Silke They are Idolaters and Pagans and haue had some deuotion to the Popish Christianity moued thereto by certaine Pictures of our Lady of the last Iudgement and Hell a new kind of preaching and haue erected many Crosses amongst them of which the Friers report after their fashion some miracles Their Religion seemeth little to differ from that of the Chinois to whom they are also Tributaries and vse their Characters One Richard Cocke Englishman in a Letter dated December the tenth 1614. from Firando in Iapan where hee was left in Factory by Captaine Saris writes of an vnhappy accident which befell Master Tempest Peacocke who with Walter Caerwarden arriued not long before with our Kings Letter in Cauchin-China with a Present also and goods to the Value of seuen hundred and thirty pounds But whiles hee with some principall Hollanders who were there likewise entertained was passing by water they were set vpon and slaine with harping irons together with their interpreters and followers Iapanders neither had they heard further what became of the rest of the Company The cause was reported to bee a quarell against the Hollanders for fraud and violence deceiuing them with false money and burning a Towne Here is much of the wood called Palo Daguilla and of the most sweet wood Calamba with other merchandize of China Betweene this and the I le Aynao tenne miles from the land is a fishing for Pearles To the South of this Kingdome is Champa the name of a Kingdome and chiefe Citie thereof of great Traffique especially of Lignum Aloes which groweth there in the Mountaines prized at the weight in Siluer which they vse in Bathes and in the Funerals of great Princes In Religion they are as the former This Tract beares also the name of Camboia Camboia on the North abutteth on Cauchin China on the South the Kingdome of Siam on the East the Sea It is a great and populous Countrey full of Elephants and Abada's this Beast is the Rhinoceros Here also they begin to honour the Crosse as Frier Siluester a man as they say much reuerenced by the King and honoured of the people hath taught them When the King dieth his women are burned and his Nobles doe voluntarily sacrifice themselues in the same fire The women are generally burned with their husbands at their death The Camboyans dealt treacherously with the Hollanders Anno 1602. whom they inuited to the shore with promise of certaine Buffolos and then cruelly slew them They detained the Admirall on shore to be redeemed with some of their Ordnance When they intend a iourney they vse diuination with the feete of a Henne to know whether it will be luckie or no and as the Wizard shall answere they dispose of themselues either to goe or stay This Land hath much of the sweet Wood Calamba which being good
the care of his brother his two sonnes which slaying the eldest making himselfe King by his tyrannies caused diuers of the Iauan Nobilitie to forsake their Country Amongst the rest Paramisora fled to Cingapura who with his many followers was entertained kindly by Sangesinga whom not long after he vngratefully slew and by the helpe of his Iauans possessed himselfe of the state The King of Siam whose tributary and son-in-law Sangesinga had bin forced him to leaue his ill gotten throne and to seek new habitation one hundred and fortie miles thence where he settled himselfe at the riuer Muar with two thousand followers some of which were called Cellati men that liued on the Sea by fishing and pyracie these he would not receiue into his new fortresse of Pago as not well trusting them though before they had made him lord of Cingapura These therefore seated themselues fifteene miles from Muar in the place neere which Malaca now standeth ioyning with the Natiues halfe Sauages whose language is called Malayan The place growing strait they remoued three miles vp the riuer where was a Hill called Beitan with a large plaine the commodiousnesse whereof inuited Paramisora to leaue Pago and to ioyne with them in this new foundation which was after called Malaca signifying a banished man in remembrance of this Iauans exile In succeeding times the merchandize and Merchants too remoued from Cingapura to Malaca Saquem Darsa then succeeding his father Paramisora who subiected himselfe as vassal to the King of Siam which assigned to his obedience all the Country from Cingapura on the East to Pulo Zambilan which is to the West of Malaca one hundred and twentie miles all which space of coast is two hundred seuentie miles by Sea The Monsons or winds in these parts continue West and Northwest from the end of August to the end of October Nouember begins Northerly winds and Northeasterly which blow till the beginning of April From May till the end of August the South and Southwest beare sway according to which the Mariner must direct his course and take his proper season The situation of Malaca is vnwholsome by reason of the marishes and neerenesse to the line little aboue two degrees to the North else it would haue bin the most populous Citie in the Indies The successors of Saquen Darsa by little and little eased their shoulders of the Siam subiection especially after the Moores Persians and Guzurats had conuerted them to Mahomets sect and at last vsurped absolute Souereigntie But the King of Siam nine yeeres before the Portugall conquest sent a Fleet of two hundred saile and therein sixe thousand men against Mahumet King of Malaca the General of which Fleet was Poioan his Vice-roy of Lugor to whom the Gouernours of Patane Calantan Pan and other Coast-cities were to pay their tributes for the King of Siam From Lugor to Malaca is six hundred miles saile alongst the coast much subiect to tempestuous weather which diuided this Fleet some of which fell into Mahumets hand by treachery to the ouerthrow of the rest The Siamite in reuenge prepared a great Armie by Land and Armada by Sea foure hundred Elephants and thirtie thousand men but without expected euent by the insolencie of some of his Souldiers in Rapes and Robberies which raised the Country against them whiles Poioan was in the siege of Pan or Pam another Citie in rebellion The King of Siam further enraged sent two Armadas one by the way of Calantan the other by the way of Tenaz-zary one on the East side the other on the West of this long tract of land but before Mahumet could be punished by the Siamite the Portugall had preuailed against him King Emanuel had sent Diego Lopes de Sequeira from Lisbone Anno 1508. who came the next yeere to Malaca and there vnder faire colours of traffique Himselfe and his whole Fleet were in danger of betraying and murthering by this perfidious King and his Bendara or chiefe Iustice This ruled all cases Ciuill the Lacsamaua or Admirall all Marine and the Tamungo or Treasurer all the Reuenue and these three the whole gouernment which treachery in the yeere 1511. was requited by Albuquerke who by his proper valour and wonted Fortunes with secret intelligence amongst the Malayans conquered the Citie expelled the King who in few dayes vomited His soule after this pill and built there a Fortresse and a Church establishing the Portugall Lawes but so as both the Ethnikes and the Moores had their owne Magistrates appeale reserued to the highest The most remarkable things in this exploit were the Chaine which one Naodobeguea one of the principall conspirers against Sequeira now encountred in a Sea-fight by Albuquerke in his voyage to Malaca ware on his arme with a bone of a Iauan beast called Cabal therein by vertue whereof notwithstanding many and wide wounds he lost not one drop of blood till that Chaine being taken off his veines suddenly and at once emptied themselues of blood and life the store of artillery of which they tooke three thousand Peeces of eight thousand which the Portugals affirmed had beene there their venomed Arrowes and Calthrops strowed in the way the poyson whereof once touching the blood made them mad with other symptomes as in the biting of a mad dog which they learned after to heale by chewing the leafe of a certaine hearbe growing in the Countrey the vndermining the street of the Citie to blow it vp together with the Portugals the disaduantage of the fight with Elephants which being here enraged with wounds would not be ruled but brake the ranks of their owne side the treacherie of this people first to the Portugals then to their King after that to the Portugals againe the prey and spolle besides all that the King and they which fled carried away and all the Gold Siluer prouision of warre and concealements excepted amounted to two hundred thousand duckets for the Kings due which was the fifth part Alodinus the sonne of King Mahomet busily bestirred himselfe but in vaine to recouer his lost Patrimonie neither the I le Bintam which he fortified as he did also Pagus nor force nor fraud being able to defend him from his fathers fates and fortunes The Moores haue enuyed this successe to the Portugals and often haue attempted to depriue them of Malaca The Hollanders also vnder Cornelius Mateliuius Anno 1608. laid siege thereto whiles the Portugall was seeking new conquests at Achen who in their returne might easily haue defeated them had they not beene unadvised in too long aduising When the Portugals went to Malaca the King of Pans marriage with the daughter of Mahomet was to bee solemnized a banquetting house of timber couered with silke sumptuously prepared to this purpose on thirtie wheeles to be drawne with Elephants the Principals of the Citie being therein But this Kings affection was soone cooled by these disasters From Cingapura to Pulo Cambilan there is no other habitation of any
Furnaces before which they present their offerings My fellow leaping on one of those Calues in the Church the Bramane called out and the people came running but we stayed their fury by gentle perswasion of the Bramene before And thus much of these deformed formes and misshapen shapes with their woshippings and worshippers sutable Like lips like lettice Vaine Rites stinking sinks and smoakes vgly Idols conspiring with Internall Darkenesse of the Mindes and Externall Darkenesse of their Temples to bring an Eternall Darkenesse to the Followers that all may shut vp as they are begun in an hellish period I haue seene in Mr. Hakluites hands a large Treatise written by Don Duart de Menezes of the Customes Courts Officers Expences and other remarkeable obseruations for knowledge of the Portugall State and affaires in the East Indies He saith that the Iland Tisoare so he writeth it in which Goa standeth hath thirtie two Townes and Villages therein The Iesuits Colledge in Salsete enioyeth the Rents before belonging to the Pagodes being two hundred and fiftie pound yeerely besides their glebe-Glebe-lands of Rice grounds and other commodities also the Parishes subiect to them are worth two hundred ninetie eight pounds and sixteen shillings In Goa they receiue seuen hundred and fifteene pound twelue shillings and sixe pence per Annum and their yeerely Presents amount to three hundred seuentie fiue pound In Cochin also they haue three hundred thirtie seuen pound The Monastery of Saint Francis in Goa hath Rents sixe hundred and thirteene pound and ten shillings and one hundred fortie three pound twelue shillings and sixe pence in other duties The Dominicans receiue fiue hundred pound and fourescore and ten pound in other rights The Friars of Saint Augustine fourescore pound twelue shillings and sixe pence The Inquisition one hundred three pound and ten shillings besides the Rents of the Hospitall one thousand eight hundred seuenty fiue pound and an Almes-house for Widowes and Orphans two hundred and fiftie pound These things I thought worthy relation not so much to satisfie the curious as to answere the ordinary brags of that World-wandring Generation pretending Mortification to the World strictnesse of their Vow loue to Religion and compassion to the poore Pagans when as they haue such Golden chaines to draw them thither Whereunto if wee adde the bountie of Christians in those parts vnto these pretended holy Fathers their gaines from the pearle-fishings the vowes of such as become of their Societie and many other wayes accruing to their Coffers together with those nouelties and rarities wherewith euery sense in varietie is here presented wee may see the World a sufficient argument to lead them about the world whatsoeuer other pretences notwithstanding But this hath beene learnedly handled against them by others already amongst others and before others Our most Reuerend and learned Metropolitan in vnmasking the reasons of Hill for Popery hath shewed both this our Hill to be an ignorant Mountebanke and our Iesuites in India rather enrichers of their owne Societie in Europe with Gold Pearle Spice and other Indian wares then of those Asian Proselites with sound Europaean Christianitie besides that they seeme necessary to their Nation for the establishing of their Trading and ciuill affaires vnder colour of Religion winning estimation with the Pagans and remaining there as well for Intelligencers and as it were Leeger Embassadours with their Kings as for Conuersion of the Heathens For me what I can shew against this their allegation belongeth to another taske §. III. Of the Indian Bramenes both Secular and Religious THe Indian Wisemen may be diuided into two Sects the Banianes of whom is already spoken and the Bramenes These obserue the Indian Heathen custome that no man may change his fathers trade but must succeed in the same and marry a wife also of the same Tribe The Brachmanni or as they are at this day called the Bramenes who haue their shops as well as other Merchants throughout the Cities are the chiefe Tribe and of best reputation and weare in signe of their profession from the shoulder crosse vnder the arme vpon their naked body downe to the girdle three strings like sealing threeds which for their liues they will not nor may by their vow put off They are naked sauing that about their middles they haue a cloth bound to hide their priuities And sometime when they goe abroad they cast a thin Gowne ouer them Vpon their heads they were a white cloth wound twice or thrice about therewith to hide their haire which they neuer cut off but weare it long and turned vp as the women doe They haue commonly hanging at their eares Gold-rings They are very subtill in writing and accounts making other simple Indians beleeue what they will Whatsoeuer they meet first with in the streets they pray to all day after When the Bramenes die all their friends assemble together and make a hole in the ground in which they throw much sweet Wood Spices Rice Corne and Oyle Then lay therein the dead body his wife followeth with Musicke and many of her neerest friends singing praises in commendation of her husbands life encouraging her to follow him which accordingly she doth For parting her Iewels among her friends with a cheerefull countenance she leapes into the fire and is presently couered with Wood and Oyle whereby shee is quickly dead and with her husbands body burned to ashes And if it chanceth which is seldome that any woman refuseth this Fiery Coniunction they cut the haire cleane off from her head neither may shee after that weare a Iewell but is accounted a dishonest woman This custome is as may appeare very ancient and supposed to haue beene ordained because of the libidinous disposition of the Indian women which for their lusts would poyson their husbands The Bramenes obserue Fasting-dayes with so great abstinence that they eat nothing that day and sometime not in three or foure dayes together They tell many miracles of their Pagodes They hold the immortalitie of the Soule both of Beasts and Men and that so often mentioned Pythagorean succession and renuing of mens soules in beasts and contrariwise They by the direction af the Deuill the author of their miracles frame such deformed Statues to their Idols Botero saith the Bramenes also worship one Parabramma and his three sonnes and in honour of them weare those three threeds aforesaid He affirmeth that the Ioghi wander vp and downe through India abstaining from all carnall pleasure but a certaine time which being expired they are past possibilitie of further sinning and are then called Abduti as the Illuminate Elders of the Familists polluting themselues in all filthinesse The Bramenes b haue Images of the Trinitie and haue in religious estimation the number of Three They acknowledge and pray to the Trinitie in Vnitie but affirme many Demi-gods which are his Deputies in gouerning the World They honour the Portugals Images also as approaching to their owne
people of little stature These of Yedzo were as tall as the Iaponians with whom they haue continuall traffique hauing little apparell but from them Of Corea hee was also told that there are many bogges for which cause they haue Waggons with broad wheeles to keepe them from sinking and obseruing the Monson or season of the wind of which you haue heard how certaine it comes yeerely in all the East they haue sayles fitted to those Waggons and so make their Voyages on land With such Waggons full of Souldiers Taicosama as he was told had intended to assaile China but was preuented by One which to poison him poisoned himselfe CHAP. XVI Of the Philippina's §. I. Of the Spanish Ilands and others adioyning IT is already shewed that those Ilands receiued this name of Philip the second King of Spaine and that this name sometime is in a large sense attributed to all these Ilands in those huge Seas but more properly to those which Lagaspi discouered in the yeere 1564. and where the Spaniards haue since that time had some places of abode Mendenao Tendaya Luzon and their neighbours lying farre-into the Sea before Cauchinchina and Cambaya betwixt the seuenth degree and the twentieth of Northerly latitude but first of all other Tendaia was called Philippina by the Spaniards which discouered it out of New-Spaine 1542. as Iuan Gaetan one of them testifieth They are many in number some of them very great rich in Rice Honey Fruits Birds Beasts Fishes Gold and enriched further with trade from China Seuentie of these Ilands are Subiects or friends to the Spaniards Of ancient time they were subiect as some say to the Chinois vntill they did voluntarily relinquish them the cause of much Ciuill warre amongst themselues that Anarchie prouing worse to them then a Tyrannie or rather the worst tyrannie euery man becomming a Tyrant and as hee had meanes of wit strength and followers preying vpon others vsing or selling them for slaues which their diuisions made an easie way to the Spanish Conquest They worshipped the Sunne and Moone obseruing in their honour solemne and sumptuous Feasts In the Illocos they worshipped the Deuill and offered to him many Sacrifices in recompence of a great quantitie of Gold which they said he had giuen them Their Feasts and Sacrifices were done by women which were Witches of them called Holgo reuerenced amongst them as Priests These had ordinary talke with the Deuill and many times in publike These wrought strange Witchcrafts they answered vnto all Questions that were demanded of them although their Answeres were often eyther Lyes or Riddles they vsed Lots as the Chinois and were obseruers of times If they beganne a Iourney and met with a Lizard or other Worme they would returne home saying the Heauens prohibited their proceeding They haue now amongst them many Preachers and Monasteries of the Augustinians Franciscans and Iesuits But the wicked life of the Spaniards is so offensiue to the Inhabitants that the Discourser himselfe a Frier telleth heere of a notable Story A certayne Ilander soone after his Baptisme died and appeared after to many of his Countreymen perswading them to be baptized as a way vnto that happinesse whereof hee now had in himselfe most blessed experience onely they must be baptized and obserue the Commandements which the Spaniards preached to them of whom and of others like vnto them there were in that happy place infinite numbers Hereupon he vanished and some were perswaded but others of them refused saying that seeing there were Spanish Souldiers in glory they would not go thither because they would not bee in their company A like History Bartholom de las Casas relateth of a Westerne Indian at the time of his death answering to a Dominicke Frier which counselled him to dye a Christian and so to bee capable of Heauen when hee heard there were Spaniards in Heauen hee would rather bee in Hell with his Fore-fathers then in Heauen with the Spaniards The Spaniards haue their Bishop and Archdeacon and besides other Religious seuen Colledges of Iesuits Boterus sayth That the King of Spaine had thought to haue made Manilla an Archbishopricke and added three other Archbishoprickes Captaine Noort a Dutchman that compassed the World lost a ship heere in fight with the Spaniards and sunke one of theirs he affirmes that the Conuerts of these parts are more Popishly Christian then in the midst of Rome or Spaine and more addicted to their Superstitious follies In these Philippina's some carue and cut their skinne with sundry streakes and deuices all ouer their body Moreouer as we haue spoken of Bals worne in their yards or Bels rather for they make a lowd ringing as they goe if they wrap them not vp very close by the men of Pegu so heere the men and men-children amongst them haue nayles of Tin thrust quite thorow the head of their priuy part being split in the lower end and riueted which is done when they be young and the place groweth vp againe without any great paine They take it out and put it in as occasion serueth This here as that in Pegu is said to haue beene practised to auoid the sinne of Sodomy whereto before they were prone The Males also are at least in some of the Philippina's circumcised The people worship the Deuill who oft times appeareth to them in conference in most vgly and monstrous shape There is amongst them an Iland of Negro's inhabited with blacke people almost as bigge as England in nine degrees Here also bee those blacke people called Os papuas Man-eaters and Sorcerers among whom Deuils walke familiarly as companions If these wicked Spirits find one alone they kill him and therefore they alwayes vse company Their Idols they adorne with Ostrich feathers They vse to let themselues bloud with a certayne Hearbe layd to the member and licked with the tongue with which they can draw out all the bloud in their body They are like the Cafers or Ethiopians and are diuided into many Kingdomes as Nunnes writeth Migindinao Mindanao or Vendenao is a great Iland contayning by Iuan Gaetans obseruation three hundred and foure score leagues in compasse It is inhabited of Moores and Gentiles there are many Kings In stead of bread they vse Rice and Sagu There is Pepper Ginger and Gold singularly good Tendaia enuironeth a hundred and sixty leagues from twelue to fifteene degrees of latitude the people Idolatrous abound with Pepper Ginger Gold and Mynes When as Magellan first of all men by the West discouered these Easterne Ilands in the Ilands of Buthoan and Caleghan hee could learne no other Religion obserued amongst them but that lifting vp their hands closed together and their face towards Heauen they called on their God by the name of Abba In Zubut in token of friendship hee and the King did let themselues bloud on the right arme for so was their wont to confirme leagues of amity The King
the Portugall Fort in Ternate he kept a Sow which some of the deuouter Mahumetans killed He getting the chiefe Priest accessorie to the fact into the Castle at his deliuerie made his face bee greased with Bacon by the Iaylor which caused the people to ofter abuse to some Portugals Menesius in reuenge cut off the hands of two of them the third had his hands bound behinde him and was bayted with two dogges on the Sea-shore which his implacable enemies transported him into like dogged humour though he were not with Hecuba transformed into the shape insomuch that fastening with his teeth on one of their eares he held fast till his strength fayling hee sunke into the Sea with the Dogge and was drowned In Celebes they eate mans flesh The King of the Moluccas was wont to send condemned persons to Celebes to be deuoured Nicolaus Nunnes writeth That Celebes is very large and contayneth many and great Ilands the Soyle is exceeding fertile the Inhabitants comely and tall rather ruddie then blacke They haue many Kings which is cause of many contentions Three of them were conuerted Peter Mascarenia in a Letter dated a thousand fiue hundred sixtie nine speaketh of a King of Sion in Celebes which was baptized and his subiects therefore rebelled against him one Towne onely except and that hee and the King of Sanguim did take vp a Crosse on their owne shoulders which the chiefe Men had before hewen of a faire piece of wood and helped to erect the same and then with the multitude kneeling downe worshipped it Southward of Celebes is situated a little Iland where Sir Francis Drake graued his ship This Iland is throughly growne with Woods in which euery night certayne fierie Flyes made such a light as if euery Twigge or Tree had beene a burning Candle Here they found Batts as bigge as Hennes and plentie of Cray-fishes so great that one vvould suffice foure men to their dinner they digged themselues holes in the earth like Conies At Macassar in this Iland is an English Factorie In this Iland some are Moores some Ethnikes They enuenome their Arrow-heads which are made of Fish-bones with an incurable poyson There are Priests which conforme or rather deforme themselues to the habit of women nourishing their haire on the head and plucking it out of the face They gild their teeth and vse broken wanton effeminate gestures They are called Becos and marrie one another For them to lye with a woman is capitall and punished with burning in pitch These Men-Monsters Women-Deuils much hindered the Portugals Conuersions §. III. Of the Iauas and other adioyning Ilands NOt farre from hence is Iaua of which name M. Paulus and Nich. di Conti reckon two great Ilands ascribing to the one two thousand and to the other three thousand miles in circuit The lesse is neere to the firme Land of the South Continent where Beach and some other Prouinces are named by Paulus and Vertomannus of Heathenish superstitions The lesse Iaua had in the dayes of M. Paulus eight Kingdomes in sixe of which himselfe had beene which hee nameth Felech wherein the rurall Inhabitants were Idolaters the Citizens Moores the Idoll-worshippers eate any flesh whatsoeuer of man or beast and obserue all day what they first see in the morning Basma the second acknowledged the Great Chams soueraigntie but payed him no tribute Here were certayne Vnicornes headed like Swine footed like an Elephant with one horne on their foreheads with which they doe not hurt any but to that end vse certayne prickles that grow on their tongues They delight also in the myre like Swine Here are little Apes much resembling men in their countenance which they vsed to preserue with certayne Spices hauing flayed off their skins and left the haire growing in those parts where Nature causeth men to be hayrie and sell them to Merchants to be carried ouer the World as the bodies of little men happily the onely true Pygmies the world yeeldeth In Samara the third of those Kingdomes none of the North-starres can bee seene They are Man-eaters and Idolaters but not so brutish as in Dragorian the next Kingdome where if a man bee sicke his kinsmen consult with their Sorcerers who enquire of the Deuill Whether he shall escape or no And if the answere bee Negatiue they send for certayne men specially designed to that villanous mysterie which strangle him and then they dresse and eate him amongst the kindred euen to the very marrow in his bones For say they if any flesh should remayne it would putrifie and wormes would breede thereof which after for want of sustenance would perish whereby the soule of the dead partie would be much tormented The bones they burie safely that no beast should touch them such dread haue they of beasts and crueltie in a more then beastly crueltie and such a care to obserue humanitie and pietie in a most impious inhumanitie Lambri the next Kingdome hath in it some men with tayles like Dogs a span long The last is Fanfur where they liue of bread made of pith of Trees the wood whereof is heauie and sinketh to the bottome if it be put in water like Iron and therefore they make Lances thereof able to pierce Armour for it is three fingers thicke betwixt the hollow and the barke To let passe Pentan Sondar and other Idolatrous Ilands and come to Iaua maior This Countrey is very rich but in times past of most abominable custome Nic. Conti saith That they feede on Cats Rats and other vermine and were most vile murtherers not sticking to make triall of the good cutting or thrust of their blades on the next body they met with and that without punishment yea if the blow or thrust were deliuered with fine force with much commendation Vertomannus affirmeth of them That some obserue Idols some the Sunne or Moone others an Oxe and many the first thing they meete in the morning and some worship the Deuill When men were old and not able longer to worke their children or parents carryed them into the Market and sold them to others which did eate them And the like they vsed with the younger sort in any desperate sicknesse preuenting Nature with a violent death and esteeming their bellies fitter Sepulchres then the earth accounting others fooles which suffered the wormes to deuoure so pleasant foode For feare of these Man-eaters they stayed not long there It seemeth that they haue much left their brutish customes since wonne to more ciuilitie by trading of the Moores and Christians especially such as are of the Arabian law although as our owne Countrey-men report which haue there liued a mans life is valued to the murtherer at a small summe of money They are a prowd Nation If a man should come in where they are set on the ground after their manner and should sit on a Chest or high thing it were as much as his life were worth The King of Bantam breaking
They haue no Fleas a small priuiledge for they haue infinite store of Scorpions Fighig hath industrious and wittie people whereof some become Merchants others Students and goe to Fez where hauing obtayned the degree of Doctors they returne into Numidia and are made Priests and Preachers and so become rich Tegorarin hath Traffique with the Negros They water their Corne-fields with Well-water and therefore are forced to lay on much soyle In which respect they will let Strangers haue their houses Rent-free onely the Dung of Themselues and their Beasts excepted They will expostulate with that stranger which shall in some nicer humour goe out or doores to that businesse and aske him if hee know not the place appointed thereunto Heere were many rich Iewes which by meanes of a Preacher of Telensin were spoyled and most of them slaine at the same time that Ferdinand chased them out of Spaine Techort is a Numidian Towne exceeding courteous to Strangers whom they entertaine at free-cost and marrie their Daughters to them rather then to the Natiues Pescara is exceedingly infested with Scorpions whose sting is present death wherefore the Inhabitants in Summer time forsake their Citie and stay in their Countrey-possessions till Nouember Libya extendeth it selfe from the Confines of Eloachat vnto the Atlantike betwixt the Numidians and Negros It is one other of the Seuen parts into which wee haue diuided Africa the Arabians call it Sarra that is a Desart Plinie in the beginning of his fift Booke sayth That all Africa by the Graecians was called Libya Taken in a more proper sence it is diuersly bounded by the Ancients and therefore wee will heere hold vs to Leo's description The name Libya is deriued from Libs a Mauritanian King as some affirme Herodotus saith of a woman named Libya Among the Libyans are reckoned the Libyarcha Libiophaenices Libyaegyptij and diuers other Nations euen of the Ancients accused for want of inward and outward good things cunning onely in Spoyle and Robberie The Libyans worshipped one Psaphon for their God induced thereunto by his subtiltie For he had taught Birds to sing PSAPHON is a great God which being set at libertie chaunted this note in the Woods and easily perswaded the wilde people to this deuotion which Aelian saith Annon had endeuoured in vaine It was the custome of Women to howle in their Temples whence some of the Bacchanall Rites were borrowed by the Graecians Vnto the Libyans are reckoned those Nations whose barbarous Rites are before related in the seuenth Chapter of this Booke Wee will now come to later Obseruations Men may trauell eight dayes or more in the Libyan Desarts ordinarily without finding any water The Desarts are of diuers shapes some couered with grauell others with sand both without water heere and there is a lake sometime a shrub or a little grasse Their water is drawne out of deepe pits and is brackish and sometimes the sands couer those pits and then the Trauellers perish for thirst The Merchants that trauell to Tombuto or other places this way carrie water with them on Camels and if water faile them they kill their Camels and drinke water which they wring out of their guts Their Camels are of great abilitie to sustaine thirst sometimes trauelling without drinke twelue dayes or more Otherwise they were neuer able to trauell thorow those Desarts In the Desart of Azaoad there are two Sepulchres of Stone wherein certaine letters engrauen testifie that Two Men were there buried one a very rich Merchant who tormented with thirst bought of the other which was a Carrier or transporter of wares a cup of Water for ten thousand Duckats and dyed neuerthelesse both buyer and seller with thirst Their liues for lewdnesse resemble the Numidians before mentioned but for length come much short of them few attayning to threescore yeeres They are as little need as they haue thereof often plagued with those clouds of Grashoppers which couer the ayre and destroy the earth The Libyan Desart of Zanhaga beginning at the Westerne Ocean extendeth it selfe farre and wide betweene the Negros and the Numidians to the Salt-pits of Tegaza From the Well of Azaoad to the Well of Araoan an hundred and fiftie miles space is no water for lacke whereof many both men and beasts there perish Likewise in the Desart Gogdem for nine dayes iourney no drop of water is found In the Desart of Targa is Manna found which the Inhabitants gather in little vessels and carrie to Agadez to sell They mingle it with their drinke and with their pottage It is very wholsome Tegaza is an inhabited place where are many veynes of Salt which resemble Marble they digge it out of pits and sell it to Merchants of Tombuto who bring them victuals For they are twenty dayes iourney from any habitation the cause that sometimes they all die of famine They are much molested with the South-east winde which maketh many of them to lose their sight Bardeoa was found out lately by one Hamar a guide vnto a Carauan of Merchants who lost his way by reason of a maladie that fell into his eyes yet blind as hee was hee rode on a Camell none else being able to guide them and at euery miles end caused some sand to bee giuen vnto him whereon hee smelled and thereby at last told them of an inhabited place forty miles before he came at it where when they came they were denied water and were forced by force to obtaine it The Riuers that arise out of Atlas and by the vnkindnesse of their Kinde fall this way finding these thirsty Wildernesses to yeeld them the readiest channels are trained alongst by the allurements of the sands stouping and crouching to them till being further from witnesses they are either swallowed vp on great Lakes or else whiles they hold on their pursuit for the Ocean lose themselues in the search and whiles they are liberall to the thirstie sands in the way at last dye themselues I cannot say diue themselues as else where in the World for thirst in the Desarts And yet through these waylesse wayes doth couetousnesse carry both the Arabians in their rouings and Merchants with their Carauans to the Negros for wealth whither I thinke at last you expect the comming of this our Carauan also CHAP. XIIII Of the Land of Negros §. I. Of the Riuer NIGER Gualata Senaga and Guinea NIgratarum terra or the Land of Negros either is so called of the Riuer Niger or of the blacke colour of the Inhabitants some thinke the Riuer is named Niger of the people it hath on the North those Desarts which we last left on the South the Aethiopike Ocean and the Kingdome of Congo on the East Nilus on the West the Atlantike Leo makes Gaogo in the East and Gualata in the West the limits thereof On the side of the Riuer Canaga it is sandie and desart beyond it is plentifull being watered with Niger
lothsomenesse the prize of Beautie The Kingdome of Brocall extends to Gambea which Riuer is so great deepe and strong that the Sea in thirtie leagues from the mouth which opens it selfe fiue leagues in disgorging his full stomacke can scarcely subdue it vnto his salt qualitie Some thinke it proceedes from the same Fountayne with Niger whence these peoples are called Negros some that this and Zanaga proceed from the same head Midway betwixt both is the Greene Cape Alongst both sides of this Riuer dwell the Mandingae a perfidious and Idolatrous Nation which haue certaine Inchanters called Bexerini to performe their Priestly Holies The Riuer is sayled vp a hundred and threescore Leagues horrible Precipices and Cataracts forbidding further passage by water they call this fall a Bow for the obliquitie of the fall suffering men to passe vnder without wetting Many fertile and pleasant Ilands are contayned in the diuided armes of this streame The Inhabitants haue Shippes of good â—ignesse and strength Not farre hence to the South is Cape Saint Marie from which to the Riuer of Dominico is thirtie leagues peopled by the Arriari and Falopi Here is also the Riuer Casamanqua inhabited on the North by the Iabundi on the South the Benhuni to whom on the East adioyne the Casangae the King is subiect to the King of Iarem and hee to another more within Land and so in degrees vnto the Monarch of Mandinga whose chiefe Citie is Songus aboue a hundred leagues Eastward from the Cape of Palmes to this King the most of the former are subiect The Casangae worship an Idoll called China which is nothing else but a bundle of staues or poles pitched into the ground and fastened together with paste made of the meale of Rice and Millet which they sprinkle with the bloud of sacrificed Kine and Goates Some hang on the top thereof two or three skuls of Dogges The Temple to this goodly Deitie is some shadie Tree and there they offer also Millet and the Wine of Palmes To secure their Seede they sticke one of these poles in the ground The Portugals buy slaues in these parts sold by reason of the Kings vnreasonable tyrannie The Burami adioyne to the Casangae on both sides the Riuer Iarim or Dominico as farre as Rio Grand Here also they buy slaues The men and women file their teeth the women to keepe their tongues in order euery morning take a draught of water into their mouthes and there hold it till Dinner or Breakfast time meane-while doing their houshold businesse not spitting eating or talking The chiefe Towne of the Burami is eight leagues from the Hauen where the chiefe King to whom the rest are subiect resides Their Houses are of Earth couered with leaues The Bijags inhabit neere the great Riuer a fierce warlike robbing people possessing also seuenteene Iles the Portugals haue there the Towne of the Crosse The Beafares also in these parts are dispersed of whom the King of Guinala carrieth the greatest state and pompe at whose death all his Wiues and Seruants and dearest Clients and the Kings Horse are slaine and intombed with him to serue him in the other life The like vsage is in very many of these Guinean Kingdomes to which they adde further cruelty in the manner for they cut off their toes and fingers and beate their bones as it were in a Morter three houres longer then which they could not out-liue this torture and then in the sight of those which were to vndergo the like fate thrust them into the neck with a sharpe stake so finishing their blinde Martyrdome On the other side the Riuer is Biguba a Portugall Towne the best they haue in these parts the Natiues are Beafares whose King being dead the strongest is his Heire the cause of much Warre Betweene this and Cape Sierra Liona so called of the Lyon-like roring made there by the waues if not of the Thunders and dreadfull storme are the Mallusians Bagasians and Cozolines In these parts Grapes and Sugar-canes grow wilde store also of Cotton Brasill Wood of seuen colours Graines called Malegetta of the name of the Region long Pepper Millet besides Waxe and Iuory Out of their Palmes they draw Wine and Oyle and a certaine excellent Sope forbidden as is also the long Pepper for the excellence to bee carried into Portugall They haue Apes called Baris exceeding great and so industrious that being brought vp in the house they supply the roome of a seruant going on their hinder feete beating things in the Morter fetching water home in Vessels which yet if none bee ready to take from them they will cast downe and breake and then howle Heere is store of Iron better then ours but their best Commoditie is Gold but no Forreiners know the Mines whence they haue it The Portugals called their Castle here built Saint George of the Mine in the fift degree of Northerly latitude In Sierra Liona are thirteene Riuers which fall into the Sea On the Riuer Das Piedrus the Portugals haue a Towne Capor and Tambassire two other Riuers fall from the Hils Machamala in which is a great Rocke of most pure Chrystall Two of these Riuers Tagaris on the North and Bangua on the South of this Lion-hill make it a Peninsula in some places so neere that they carry their Boates by Land from one to the other The Inhabitants are the Cumbae and the Natiues called Capi these more ingenious then other Guineans They haue their Kings which administer Law hauing to that purpose round Galleries not farre from their Palaces called Funkes where is a high Throne for the King and lower Seates on both sides for his Counsellors called Solatequis Their Lawyers or Aduocates they call Troens which weare parti-coloured garments wouen with feathers hold staues in their hands whereon they leane whiles they pleade and haue Vizors to hide their blushing if any such cause happen in the Kings presence who hauing heard the pleading of these and the aduice of the Counsellors pronounceth sentence In the Creation of a Solatequis the rite obserued is this they place the person to be created in a faire seate of wood and then the King strikes his face with the inwards of a Goat that the bloud and filth runnes downe his brest then sprinkles him with meale and after puts a Cap on his head When the King dies his Sonne Brother or next Kinsman succeeds but before his full Regalitie they bind him at his house and lead him bound to the Palace there whip him after this they loosen him attire and leade him to the Iudgement Seat where the eldest Counsellor makes an Oration concerning his right and dutie which ended he puts a Hatchet into his hand which they vse in Executions and after this all acknowledge subiection No lesse strange is their custome for their Maydens In euery City or Village they haue a house seuered like a Monasticall Cloyster from the rest
a Cap of the same the haire inwards a Rats skin about their priuities some of them haue soles tyed about their feet their neckes adorned with Chaines of greasie Trypes or guts also in many doubles which they would sometimes pull off and eate stinking and raw they did also eate the entrayles by vs throwne away halfe raw and would scramble for it like hungry Dogges lothsomely besmeared with the bloud they weare Bracelets of Copper or Iuory about their armes with Ostrich feathers and shels The habit of women is like the former which at our first comming seemed shamefast but at our returne would impudently vncouer that which here must bee couered with silence their brests hang downe to their middles Their haire is curled Copper with them is Gold and Iron Siluer their Houses little Tents in the Fields made of skins at their pleasure remoued On the high Hill called the Table may be seene an hundred miles about some ascended and thence tooke obseruation of many Bayes and Riuers Hee thinkes these parts might be profitably planted with an English Colony One sayth of this people that they are idle not so much as hauing a Canow nor knowing to take eyther fowle or fish whereof they haue store theeuish and swiftly running away with that which they haue stolne By trading with the Dutch and English their prices of things are raysed as you here see to some more Copper or Iron then at the first Discoueries Their Beasts are large their Sheepe smooth and short haired not woolly like a young Calfe with long and broad eares hanged like Hounds their hornes short and tender easily broken their tayles greater then any part of a mans legge some weighing 40. pounds Their Beeues are large and most of them leane The men haue but one stone the other being cut away when they are young the reason seemes to bee some reasonlesse Superstition towards the Sunne which they point vnto being demanded thereof The Hector brought thence one of these Saluages called Cory which was carryed againe and there landed by the Newyeeres gift Iune 21. 1614. in his Copper Armour but returned not to them whiles the Ships continued in the Road but at their returnes in March was twelue-moneth after he came and was ready to any seruice in helping them with Beeues and Sheepe The wilde beasts are dangerous in the night as Lions Antilopes and others some of which in one night carried away twelue pieces of meate laid in the Riuer to water couered with a stone of two hundred weight which was remooued also a very great distance The Pengwins in the Iland neere to Soldania haue stumps in stead of wings and with their feet swimme fast There are Seales a thousand sleeping in an Heard on the Rockes Myce and Rats and Snakes innumerable The weather in the midst of Winter is there temperate Penguin Iland is North Northwest and an halfe West three leagues from Soldania and this fourteene leagues North north-Northeast from Cape Bona Speranza and ten leagues North by West from Cape Falso which is Eastwards from the former The habitation of the Soldanians seemes moueable and following the best pastures There are fallow Deere Porcupines Land Tortoyses Snakes Adders wild Geese Duckes Pellicans Crowes with a white band about their necks Pengwins Guls Pintados Alcatrasses Cormorants Whales Seales c. HONDIVS his Map of Congo CONGI REGNŪ CHAP. IX Of the Kingdome of Congo and the other Kingdomes and Nations adioyning §. I. Of Angola THe Kingdome of Congo vnderstanding so much by the name as in times past hath beene subiect thereto hath on the West the Ocean on the South the Caphars and mountaynes of the Moone on the East those Hills from which the Riuers issue and runne into the Fountaynes of Nilus and on the North the Kingdome of Benin Of these Countries Pigafetta from the Relation of Odoardo Lopez a Portugall hath written two bookes out of whom P. du Iarric Botero and others haue taken most of their reports And in this we will begin with the most Southerly parts in which wee first come into the Kingdome of Matama this is the Kings proper name who being a Gentile ruleth ouer diuers Prouinces named Quimbebe This is a Kingdome great and mightie extending from Brauagal to Bagamidri the ayre thereof is wholsome the earth outwardly furnished with store of fruits inwardly with mines of Crystall and other metalls The Signiories toward the Sea-coast are very meane and want Hauens Angola sometime a Prouince of the Kingdome of Congo is now a great Kingdome it selfe and very populous They speake the same language with small difference of dialect that is vsed in Congo whose yoake they cast off since the Congois became Christians Diego Can first discouered these parts for the Portugals An. 1486. And the Portugals vsed to trade quietly with the Angolans but some of them trading as high into the Countrey as Cabazza the Royall Citie which is an hundred and fiftie miles from the Ocean were there by order from the King put to the sword vnder pretence of intended treason This was done 1578. Paulo Dias to whom the King Sebastian had giuen the gouernment of these parts with licence to conquer three and thirtie leagues alongst the Coast to him and his heires to reuenge himselfe for this despight done to his people armed such Portugals as hee had and with two Gallies and other Vessels which he kept in the Riuer Coanza hee went on both sides the Riuer conquering and subduing many Lords vnto him The King of Angola raysed a mightie Armie of a million of men as is supposed For they vse to leaue none at home that is fit to carrie a weapon and make no preparation for victuall but such as haue any carrie it vpon the shoulders of their seruants and therefore no maruell if their foode being soone consumed their camps be soone dissolued Small likewise is their prouision of armour for offence and for defence much lesse Diaz sent to the King of Congo for aide who sent him sixtie thousand men with which and his owne Nation he made his partie good against the confused rabbles of the Angolans The trade of Angola is yet continued and from thence the Portugals buy and carry to Brasil and other parts yeerly a world of slaues which are bought within the Land and are captiues taken in their warres Paulo Diaz at his death bequeathed to the Iesuites as much as might maintayne fiue hundred of that Societie in these parts Master Thomas Turuer one that had liued a long time in Brasil and had also beene at Angola reported to me that it was supposed eight and twentie thousand slaues a number almost incredible yet such as the Portugals told him were yeerly shipped from Angola and Congo at the Hauen of Loanda He named to me a rich Portugall in Brasil which had ten thousand of his owne working in his Ingenios of which he had eighteene
in the Iland Guanahani one of the Lucai which Columbo named San Saluatore from whence hee sayled to Baracoa a Hauen on the North side of the I le Cuba where hee went on Land and asked of the Inhabitants for Cipango so doth Paulus call Iapan They vnderstanding him of Cibao where are the richest Mynes of Hispaniola signed him that it was in Haiti so was the Iland then called and some of them went with him thither What worldly ioy is not mixed with some disaster Their Admirall heere splitteth on a Rocke but the men are saued by the helpe of the other ships This fell out in the North part of Hispaniola so named by them where they had sight of Inhabitants which seeing these strangers ranne all away into the Mountaynes One woman the Spaniards got whom they vsed kindly and gaue her meate drinke and clothes and so let her goe She declaring to her people the liberalitie of this new people easily perswaded them to come in troupes to the ships thinking the Spaniards to be some Diuine Nation sent thither from Heauen They had before taken them for the Caribes which are certaine Canibals which vsed inhumane huntings for humane game to take men for to eate them Children likewise which they gelded to haue them more fat and then to deuoure them the women they are not but vsed them for procreation and if they were old for other seruices The Ilanders had no othe defence against them but the wooddy Hils and swiftest heeles to which they betooke them at the Spaniards arriuall thinking them as is said to be Canibals And such haue they since proued in effect not leauing of three Millions of people which heere they found 200. persons and that long since The Deuill had forewarned them of this by Oracle that a bearded Nation should spoyle their Images and spill the bloud of their children as wee shall see in the particular Tractate of Hispaniola Nothing more pleased the Spaniards then the Gold which the naked Inhabitants exchanged with them for Bels Glasses Points and other trifles Columbus obtained leaue of Guacanarillus the Cacike or King to build a Fort in which he left eight and thirty Spaniards and taking with him sixe Indians returned to Spaine where he was highly welcomed of the King and Queene Some controuersie fell out betweene Columbus and one of the Pinzons Master of one of the Caruels about leauing these men behind but Columbus sent a Letter to reduce him vnto peace by the Indians who held the Letter in almost religious regard thinking it had some Spirit or Deitie by which they could vnderstand one another being absent The Pope then a Spaniard Alexander the Sixt hearing of this diuided the World by his Bull betwixt the Portugals and Spaniards bearing date the fourth of May Anno 1493. drawing a Line a hundred leagues beyond the Ilands of Azores and Capt Verde this Alexander giuing more then Great Alexander could conquer the East to the one and West to the other The Bull is become an Vnicorne and his two hornes are now growne into one in the vniting of those two States Columbus graced with the the title of Admirall enriched with the tenths of the Spanish gaines in the Indies is sent a second time with his brother Bartholomeus who was made Adelantado or Deputie of Hispaniola They had allowed them for this Expedition small and great seuenteene Sayle and fifteene hundred men The first Iland hee espyed in his second Nauigation he called Desseada or Desired because he had longed to see land Arriuing in Hispaniola he found the Spaniards which he had left there that they were now not left nor any where to be found The Indians had murdered them and laid the blame on the Spanish insolencies Hee now built and peopled the Towne of Isabella which was their chiefe place of Residence and gouernment which is in the yeere a thousand foure hundred ninetie eight were remoued to the City of San Dominico They built also the Fort of S. Thomas but both in the one and the other the Spaniards died of famine through the Indians wilfulnesse who vnwilling to haue such Neighbours would not plant their Maiz and Iucca and so starued both themselues and their guests As for the Pockes the Spaniards in this Voyage got them of the Indian women and brought them into Spaine as Ouiedo of his owne knowledge reporteth of his owne Country-men and they after paid the Indians in recompence with a disease as deadly and infectious to them which consumed thousands and was neuer before knowne amongst them I meane the small Pocks The other were improperly named of the French or of Naples seeing that in those wars of Naples which the Spaniards mayntayned against the French some carryed this disease with them thither out of Spaine and communicated the same both to the French and Neapolitans hauing beene vsuall and easily curable in the Indies Another Disease also assaulted them of a little kinde of Fleas called Niguas which would eate into and breed in the flesh and haue made many lose their toes Columbus at this time discouered Cuba and Iamaica with the Neighbour-Iles Returning to Hispaniola he found his Brother and the Spaniards in dissention and separation and punishing the Au hours of sedition returned home In the yeere of our Lord 1497. hee made his third Voyage and then touched on the Continent discouered Cubagua Paria and Cumana But Roldanus Ximenius raysing a Rebellion and accusing the Columbi to the King effected that Bouadilla was sent Gouernour into Hispaniola who sent the two Brethren bound as Prisoners to Spaine vnworthy recompence of the worthy attempts of these Worthies The King freeth them and employeth Christopher in a fourth Voyage Anno 1502. in which Oxandus the Gouernour forbade Columbus the first finder to land on Hispaniola Hee then discouered Guanaxa Higuera Fondura Veragua Vraba and learned newes as some say of the South Sea He stayed at Iamaica to repaire his Fleete where some of his men were sicke and they which were sound in body were more then sicke froward and tumultuous in behauiour and many left him Vpon this occasion the Ilanders also forsooke him and brought in no victuall Herewith Columbus neyther able to abide nor depart was driuen to his shifts no lesse admirable for subtlety then resolution He told the Ilanders that if they did not bring him in prouision the Diuine Anger would consume them a signe whereof they should see in the darkened face of the Moone within two dayes At that time hee knew the Moone would bee eclipsed which the simple Islanders seeing with feare and griefe humbled themselues to him and offered themselues readie to all kinde and dutifull Offices At last returning into Spaine hee there dyed Anno 1506. His body was buried at Siuill in the Temple of the Carthusians This was the end if euer there can bee end of Columbus Pinzonus one
It flyeth so swift saith Ouiedo that the wings cannot be seene It hath a nest proportionable I haue seene saith he one of those birds together with her nest put into the scales wherein they vse to weigh Gold and both weighed but two Tomins that is foure and twenty graines Haply it is therefore called Tomineios as weighing one Tomin The feathers are beautified with yellow greene and other colours the mouth like the eye of an Needle It liueth on dew and the juice of herbs but sitteth not on the Rose The feathers specially of the necke and brests are in great request for those feather-pictures or portraitures which the Indians make cunningly and artificially with these natural feathers placing the same in place and proportion beyond all admiration The Indian Bats should not flee your light and are for their rarity worthy consideration but that wee haue spoken before somewhat of them They haue Birds called Condores of exceeding greatnesse and force that will open a sheepe and a whole Calfe and eate the same They haue abundance of Birds in beautie of their feathers farre surpassing all in Europe wherewith the skilfull Indians will perfectly represent in feathers whatsoeuer they see drawne with the Pensill A figure of Saint Francis made of feathers was presented to Pope Sixtus Quintus whose eye could not discerne them to be naturall colours but thought them pensill-worke till he made tryall with with his fingers The Indians vsed them for the ornaments of their Kings and Temples Some Birds there are of rich commoditie onely by their dung In some Islands ioyning to Peru the Mountaines are all white like Snow which is nothing but heapes of dung of certaine Sea-fowle which frequent those places It riseth many Ells yea many Launces in height and is fetched thence in Boats to hearten the Earth which hereby is exceeding fertile To adde somewhat of the Indian Plants and Trees Mangle is the name of a Tree which multiplyeth it selfe into a wood as before we haue obserued of it the branches descending and taking root in the Earth The Plane-tree of India hath leaues sufficient to couer a man from the foot to the head but these the Coco and other Indian Trees are in the East-Indies also and there we haue mentioned them Cacao is a fruit little lesse then Almonds which the Indians vse for money and make thereof a drinke holden amongst them in high regard They haue a kinde of Apples called Ananas exceeding pleasant in colour and taste and very wholesome which yet haue force to eate iron like Aqua fortis The Mamayes Guayauos and Paltos be the Indian Peaches Apples and Peares But it would bee a weary wildernesse to the Reader to bring him into such an Indian Orchard where he might reade of such varietie of fruits but like Tantalus can taste none or to present you with a Garden of their Trees which beare flowres with other fruit as the Floripondio which all the yeere long beareth flowres sweet like a Lilly but greater the Volusuchil which beareth a flowre like to the forme of the heart and others which I omit The flowre of the Sunne is is now no longer the Marigold of Peru but groweth in many places with vs in England The flowre of the Granadille they say if they say truely hath the markes of the Passion Nayles Pillar Whips Thornes Wounds exceeding stigmaticall Francis For their Seeds and Craines Mays is principall of which they make their bread which our English ground brings forth but hardly will ripene it growes as it were on a Reed and multiplyeth beyond comparison they gather three hundred measures for one It yeeldeth more blood but more grosse then our Wheat They make drinke thereof also wherewith they will be exceedingly drunke They first steepe and after boyle it to that end In some places they first cause it to be champed with Maids in some places with old women and then make a leauen thereof which they boyle and make this inebriating drinke The Canes and leaues serue for their Mules to eate They boyle and drinke it also for paine in the back The buds of Mays serue in stead of Butter and Oyle In some parts they make bread of a great root called Yuca which they name Caçaui They first cut and straine it in a Presse for the iuyce is deadly poison the Cakes dryed are steeped in water before they can eate them Another kinde there is of this Yuca or Iucca the iuice whereof is not poison It will keepe long like Bisket They vse this bread most in Hisponiola Cuba and Iamaica where Wheat and Mays will not grow but so vnequally that at one instant some is in the grasse other in the graine They vse in some places another root called Papas like to ground Nuts for bread which they call Chuno Of other their roots and fruits I am loth to write lest I weary the Reader with tedious officiousnesse Spices grow not there naturally Ginger thriueth well brought and planted by the Spaniards They haue a good kinde of Balme though not the same which grew in Palestina Of their Amber Oiles Gums and Drugs I list not to relate further Out of Spaine they haue caried great varietie of Plants herein Americo exceeding Spaine that it receiueth and fructifieth in all Spanish Plants that are brought thither whereas the Indian thriue not in Spaine as Vines Oliues Mulberies Figs Almonds Limons Quinces and such like And to end this Chapter with a comparison of our World with this of America Our aduantages and preferments are many Our Heauen hath more Stars and greater as Acosta by his owne sight hath obserued challenging those Authors which haue written otherwise of fabling Our Heauen hath the North-Starre within three degrees and a third of the Pole their Crosier or foure Stars set a-crosse which they obserue for the Antarticke is thirtie degrees off The Sunne commucateth his partiall presence longer to our Tropike then that of Capricorne remaining in the Southerne Signes 178. dayes one and twenty houres and twelue minutes in the Northerne 186. dayes eight houres and twelue minutes B. Keckerman System Astron L. 1. Tycho Brahe L. 1. reckoneth these a hundred fourescore and sixe dayes houres eighteene and a halfe dayes eight and one third part fere plus quam in Australi c. This want of the Sunne and Stars is one cause of greater cold in those parts then in these Our Earth exceeds theirs for the situation extending it selfe more between East and West fittest for humane life whereas theirs trends most towards the two Poles Our Sea is more fauourable in more Gulfes and Bayes especially such as goe farre within Land besides the Mid-Land-Sea equally communicating her selfe to Asia Africa and Europa This conuenience of traffique America wanteth Our beasts wilde and tame are farre the more noble as the former discourse sheweth For what haue they to oppose to our Elephants Rhinocerotes Camels Horses
Kettles of meat were set on seuerall fires sixe paces asunder The men sate on both sides of the roome each hauing a dish made of the barke of a tree one appointed to diuide to euery man his portion Before the meat was boyled one tooke his Dogge and danced about the Kettles from one to another and when he came before the Sagamo cast downe his Dogge and then succeeded another in the like exercise After their Feast they danced with the heads of their enemies in their hands some singing Their Canoas are of the barke of Birch strengthened within with little circles of wood eight or nine paces long fit for actiue and passiue carriage Their Cabins are low like Tents couered with the said barke the roofe open a foot space vncouered to let in light with many fires in the middest ten housholds sometimes together the lye vpon skinnes one by another and their Dogges with them After a certaine Feast the Algoumequins one of these three Nations in league went out apart and caused all their women and maids to sit in rankes themselues standing behinde singing suddenly all the women and maids cast of their Mantles of skinnes and stripped themselues naked not ashamed of their shame keeping on still their Matachia which are Pater-nosters and chaines enterlaced made of the haire of the Porkespicke dyed of diuers colours Their songs ended they cryed with one voice Ho ho ho and then couered themselues with their Mantles which lay at their feet and after a while renued their former songs and nakednesse Their Sagamo sate before the Virgins and Women betweene two staues whereon were hanged those enemies heads and hee exhorted the Mountainers and Estechemains to the like significations of ioy which then cryed all together ho ho ho. When hee was returned to his place the great Sagamo and all his company cast off their Mantles their priuities only remaining couered with a little skin and tooke each what they thought good as Matachias Hatchets Swords Kettles Flesh c. which they presented to the Algoulmequins After this two of each Nation contended in running and the best runners were rewarded with presents They are well set of Tawnie or Oliue colour by reason of their paintings they are lyers giuen to reuenge without law When a maid is fourteene or fifteene yeares old she hath many louers and vseth carnall filthinesse with whom she pleaseth so continuing fiue or sixe yeares and then takes whom she likes for her husband liuing with him chastely all her life after except for barrennesse he forsake her The husband is iealous and giues presents to her parents When one dies they make a pit and therein put all his goods with the corps couering the same with earth and setting ouer it many pieces of wood with one stake painted red and set vp on end They beleeue the immortalitie of the Soule and that the dead goe into farre Countries to make merry with their friends Monsieur Champlein discoursed with certaine Sauages yet liuing of whom hee learned touching their Religion that they beleeue in one God who hath created all things that after God had made all things he tooke a number of Arrowes and did sticke them into the ground from whence Men and Women sprung vp which haue multiplyed euer since Touching the Trinitie being asked a Sagamos or Gouernour answered There was one onely God one Sonne one Mother and the Sunne which were foure Notwithstanding that God was ouer and aboue all the Sonne was good and the Sunne also but the Mother was naught and did eate them and that the Father was not very good Being asked if they or their Ancestors had heard that God was come into the World He said that he had not seene him but that anciently there were fiue men who trauelling toward the setting of the Sun met with God who demanded of them Whither goe ye They answered We goe to seeke for our liuing God said You shall finde it heere but they not regarding passed further and then God with a stone touched two of them who were turned into stones And hee said againe to the three other Whither goe yee They answered and hee replyed as at first they yet passing further he tooke two staues and touched therewith the two formost and transformed them into staues Asking the third man whither he went he said to seeke his liuing whereupon he bade him tarry and he did so and God gaue him meat and he did eat and after he had made good cheere he returned among the other Sauages and told them all his tale . This Sagamos also told that at another time there was a man which had store of Tobacco and God came and asked him for his pipe which the man gaue him and he dranke much of it and then brake the pipe The man was offended hereat because he had no more pipes but God gaue him one and bade him carry it to his Sagamos with warning to keepe it well and then he should want nothing nor any of his Since the said Sagamos lost the pipe and found famine and other distresse this seemeth to be the cause why they say God is not very good Being demanded what Ceremony they vsed in praying to their God he said that they vsed no Ceremonie but euery one did pray in his heart as hee would They haue among them some Sauages whom they call Pilotoua who speake visibly to the Diuell and hee tels them what they must doe as well for warre as for other things And if hee should command them to put any enterprise in execution or to kill a man that they would do it immediately They beleeue also that all their dreames are true So farre Champlein In the yeere 1604. Monsieur de Monts according to a Patent granted him the yeere before for the inhabiting of Cadis Canada and other parts of New-France from the fortieth degree to the sixe and fortieth rigged two ships and bare with those parts that trend Westward from Cape Breton giuing names to places at pleasure or vpon occasion One Port was named Saualet of a French Captain who was there a fishing and had made his two and fortieth voyage hither another was named of Rossignol whose ship was confiscated for trading there with the Sauages a poore preferment to leaue name to a Port by his misery another was named Port-Moutton and within a great Bay they named another Port-Royall where after they fortified The inhabitants of these parts were termed Souriquois From them Westward are the people called Etechemins where the next Port after you are passed the Riuer of Saint Iohn is Saint Croix where they erected a Fort and wintered Threescore leagues West from thence is the Riuer Kinibeki and from thence the Land trendeth North South to Malabarre Authors place in that former extention of Land betwixt East and West a great Towne and faire Riuer called Norombega by the Sauages called Agguncia These French
Riuer ninety and odde miles from the mouth thereof which somewhat differs from the number before mentioned and within fifteene or sixteene miles of the Fals being our furthest habitation within land are eight and thirtie men and boyes of which two and twenty Farmers Captaine Smaley Commander in the absence of Iames Dauies who now is returning Master William Wickham Minister At Bermuda Nether Hundred seated on the South side the Riuer which almost encompasseth it and with a pale on a short necke of land boundeth this peninsula are a hundred and nineteene These are incorporated to Bermuda Towne which is made a Corporation according to certaine Orders and Constitutions Captaine Yeardly Deputy gouernour liues most heere Master Alexander Whitaker is Minister West and Sherley Hundred is three or foure miles lower on the North side the Riuer here are twenty fiue men commanded by Captaine Maddeson employed onely in planting and curing Tobacco to the publike benefit Lower by thirty seuen miles is Iames Towne where are fifty men vnder Captaine Francis West Brother to the L. La Ware and in his absence commanded by Lieutenant Sharp Master Buck Minister At Kequoughton thirty seuen miles lower neere the mouth of the Riuer are twenty Capt. Webbe commander Master Mays Minister Dales-Gift is vpon the Sea neere Cape Charles where are seuenteene vnder Lieutenant Cradock their labour to make salt and catch fish The numbers of Officers and Labourers are two hundred and fiue The Farmers eighty one besides sixty fiue women and children in euery place some in all three hundred fifty one persons These I haue thus particularly related as a witnesse to after-Ages of their little but now hopefull proceedings after ten yeeres habitation which as Iacobs little family in Egypt and Gedeons small Armie lesse then that which the Father of the Faithfull mustered in his owne houshold I hope and pray may grow into Townes Cities and Christian-English Churches in numberlesse numbers to the glory of God and honour of our Nation Euen in all the greatest workes of God and exploits of Men the beginnings are ordinarily slow and small How many of the foure hundred and thirtie yeares were almost if not more then halfe spent when Iacob was but a little Family and those in a strange land there suddenly growing vnder the Crosse into a multitude and great people From her Village-foundation how did Rome peepe and creepe forth by degrees vnto the height of Maiestie So may wee say of the Spanish Plantations in this American continent from contemptible and troublesome beginnings to their present Splendor Nor are our hopes lesse if our hearts bee sincere and minde as wee professe the propagation of Christianitie As for their transported Cattell there were the last of May of Buls Steeres Cowes Heifers Calues a hundred forty and foure Horses three and as many Mares Goates and Kids two hundred and sixteene Hogges wilde and tame not to bee numbred and great plenty of Poultry CHAP. VI. Of the Religion and Rites of the Virginians §. I. Of the Virginian Rites related by Master HARIOT NOw for the manners and Rites of the people thus hath Master Hariot reported They beleeue that there are many gods which they call Mantoac but of different sorts and degrees one onely chiefe and great God which hath bin from all eternity Who as they affirme when he purposed to make the world made first other gods of a principall Order to bee as meanes and instruments to be vsed in the Creation and Gouernment to follow and after the Sunne Moone and Starres as petty gods and the instruments of the other Order more principall First they say were made Waters out of which by the gods was made all diuersitie of Creatures that are visible or inuisible For Mankinde they say a Woman was made first which by the working of one of the gods conceiued and brought forth children And in such sort they say they had their beginning But how many yeeres or ages haue passed since they say they can make no relation hauing no letters nor other meanes to keep records of times past but onely tradition from Father to Sonne They thinke that all the gods are of humane shape and therefore they present them by Images in the formes of men which they call Kewasowock one alone is called Kewas Them they place in Houses or Temples which they call Machicomuck where they worship pray sing and make many times offerings vnto them In some Machicomuck we haue seene but one Kewas in some two in other three They beleeue the immortalitie of the Soule that after this life as soone as the soule is departed from the body according to the workes it hath done it is either carried to heauen the habitacle of Gods there to enioy perpetuall blisse and happinesse or else to a great pit or hole which they think to be in the furthest parts of their part of the World toward the Sun-set there to burne continually This place they call Popogusso For the confirmation of this opinion they tell tales of men dead and reuiued againe much like to the Popish Legends Thus they tell of one whose graue the next day after his buriall was seene to moue and his body was therefore taken vp againe who reported that his soule had beene very neere the entring into Popogusso had not one of the gods saued him and giuen him leaue to returne againe and teach his friends how to auoid that terrible place They tell of another which being taken vp in that manner related that his soule was aliue while his body was in the graue and that it had trauelled farre in a long broad way on both sides whereof grew most delicate pleasant Trees bearing more rare and excellent fruits then euer he had seene before or was able to expresse and at length came to most braue and faire houses neere which he met his father that had been dead before who gaue him great charge to goe back againe and shew his friends what good they were to doe to enioy the pleasures of that place which when he had done he should after come againe What subtiltie so euer be in their Weroances and Priests the vulgar are hereby very respectiue to their Gouernours and carefull of their manners although they haue also in criminall cases punishments inflicted according to the qualitie of the offence This I learned by speciall familiaritie with some of their Priests wherein they were not so sure grounded but that they lent open eare to ours with doubting of their owne The Priests in Secota haue their haire on the crowne like a Combe the rest being cut from it onely a fore-top on the forehead is left and that Combe They haue a garment of skins peculiar to their function They are great Wisards Our artificiall Workes Fire-workes Gunnes Writing and such like they esteemed the workes of Gods rather then of Men or at least taught vs by the Gods They bare
wee haue banished together out of our Coasts euery one distrusting or defrauding others whiles eyther by miserable keeping or luxurious spending he which is bad to all is worst to himselfe To this Barne they bring at a certaine time of the yeere all the Venison Fish and Crocodiles dryed before in the smoke for the better preseruation which they meddle not with til need forceth them and then they signifie the same to each other The King may take thereof as much as he will This prouision is sent in baskets on the shoulders of their Hermaphrodites which weare long haire and are their Porters for all burthens They hunt Harts after a strange manner for they will put on a Harts skinne with the legges and head on so that the same shall serue them to stalke with and they will looke thorow the eye and the holes of the Hide as if it were a Vizor thereby deceiuing their Game which they shoot and kill especially at the places where they come to drinke Their Crocodiles they take in a strange manner They are so plagued with these beast that they keepe continuall watch and ward against them as other-where against their Enemies For this purpose they haue a watch-house by the Riuers side and when hunger driues the beast on shore for his prey the Watchmen call to men appointed they come tenne or twelue of them bearing a beame or tree the smaller end whereof they thrust into the mouth of the Crocodile comming vpon them gaping for his prey which being sharpe and rough cannot be got out and therewith they ouer-turne him and then being laid on his backe easily kill him The flesh tasteth like Veale and would be sauoury meate if it did not sauour so much of a Muskie sent Their sobrietie lengtheneth their liues in such sort that one of their Kings told me saith Morgues that he was three hundred yeeres old and his Father which there he shewed me aliue was fiftie yeeres elder then himselfe when I saw him mee thought I saw nothing but bones couered with skinne His sinewes veines and arteries sayth Laudonniere in description of the same man his bones and other parts appeared so cleerely thorow his skinne that a man might easily tell them and discerne the one from the other He could not see nor yet speake without great paine Monsieur de Ottigni demanding of their age the younger of these two called a company of Indians and striking twice on his thigh laid his hands on two of them hee shewed that they were his Sonnes and striking on their thighes he shewed others which were their Sonnes and so continued till the fift generation And yet it was told them that the eldest of them both might by the course of Nature liue thirtie or fortie yeeres more They haue a diuellish custome to offer the first-borne male-children to the King for a sacrifice The day of this dismall Rite being notified to the King he goeth to the place appointed and sits downe Before him is a blocke two foot high and as much thicke before which the mother of the child sitting on her heeles and couering her face with her hands deploreth the death of her sonne One of her friends offereth the child to the King and then the women which accompanied the mother place themselues in a Ring dancing and singing and shee that brought the child stands in the mids of them with the child in her hands singing somewhat in the Kings commendation Sixe Indians stand apart and with them the Priest with a Club wherewith after these ceremonies he killeth the child on that blocke which was once done in our presence Another religious Rite they obserue about the end of Februarie they take the hide of the greatest Hart they can get the hornes being on and fill the same with the best hearbs which grow amongst them hanging about the hornes necke and bodie as it were Garlands of their choisest fruits Hauing thus sowed and trimmed it they bring the same with songs and pipes and set it on a high tree with the head turned toward the East with prayers to the Sunne that hee would cause the same good things to grow againe in their land The King and his Magician stand neerest the tree and begin all the people following with their Responds This done they goe their wayes leauing it there till the next yeere and then renue the same ceremonie Ribault at his first comming had two of the Floridians aboord with him certaine dayes who when they offered them meat refused it giuing them to vnderstand that they were accustomed to wash their face and to stay till sun-set before they did eate which is a ceremonie common in all those parts They obserue a certaine Feast called Toya with great solemnitie The place where it is kept is a great circuit of ground swept and made neat by the women the day before and on the Feast day they which are appointed to celebrate this Feast come painted and trimmed with feathers and set themselues in order Three others in differing painting and gestures follow with Tabrets dancing and singing in a lamentable tune others answering them After that they haue sung danced and turned three times they fall to running like vnbrideled Horses through the midst of the thicke Woods the Indian Women continuing all the day in weeping and teares cutting the armes of the yong Girles with Muskle-shels with hurling the blood into the Ayre crying out three times He Toya Those that ranne through the Woods returne two dayes after and then dance in the midst of the place and cheere vp those which were not called to the Feast Their dances ended they deuoure the meat for they had not eate in three dayes before The Frenchmen learned of a boy that in this meane-while the Iawas had made inuocation to Toya and by Magicall Characters had made him come that he might speake with him and demand diuers strange things of him which for feare of the Iawas he durst not vtter To prouoke them vnto reuenge against their enemies they in their Feasts haue this custome There is a Dagger in the roome which one taketh and striketh therewith one that is thereunto appointed and then places the Dagger where he had it and anon renueth the stroke till the Indian falling downe the women Girles Boyes come about him and make great lamentation the men meane-while drinking Cassine but with such silence that not one word is heard afterwards they apply Mosse warmed to his side to heale him Thus doe they call to minde the death of their Ancestors slaine by their enemies especially when they haue inuaded and returne out of their enemies Countrey without the heads of any of them or without any Captiues §. III. Of the more In-land parts of Florida discouered by NVNEZ BVt let vs take view of the more Southerly and Westerly parts of Florida beyond the point Of Pamphilo Naruaes his vnfortunate Expedition
vnto his laborious Collections for which our English Nauigations both for the memoriall of passed incouragement of present and instructions to the future are as to Neptunes Secretarie and the Oceans Protonotary indebted beyond recompence whereby he being dead whiles we write these things yet speaketh And although in this third Edition I could not obtaine like kindnesse from him I know not how affected or infected with emulation or iealousie yet shall his Name liue whiles my Writings endure as without whose helpes and industrious Collections perhaps I had neuer troubled the World in this kind And this is my Epitaph in his memory who hath yet a better his owne large Volumes being the best and truest Titles of his Honour and if some Iuno Lucina would helpe to bring forth the Posthume Issue of his Voyages not yet published the World should enioy a more full Testimony of his paines in that kind CHAP. IX Of New Spaine and the conquest thereof by HERNANDO CORTES §. I. Of the first Discouerie by CORTES and others NOw are we safely arriued out of the South Sea and North vnknowne Lands where we haue wildered our selues and wearied the Reader in this great and spacious Country of New Spaine New Spaine is all that which lyeth betweene Florida and California and confines on the South with Guatimala and Iucatan how it came to be so called asketh a long Discourse concerning the Conquest thereof by Cortes whose History is thus related Hernando Cortes was borne at Medellin in Andulozia a Prouince of Spaine Anno 1485. When he was nineteene yeeres old he sayled to the Iland of Saint Domingo where Ouando the Gouernour kindly entertayned him Hee went to the conquest of Cuba in the yeere 1511. as Clerke to the Treasurer vnder the conduct of Iames Velasques who gaue vnto him the Indians of Manicorao where he was the first that brought vp Kine Sheepe and Mares and had heards and flockes of them and with his Indians hee gathered great quantitie of Gold so that in short time he was able to put in two thousand Castlins for his stocke with Andres de Duero a Merchant At this time Christopher Morante had sent An. 1517. Francis Hernandes de Cordoua who first discouered Yucatan whence he brought nothing except the relation of the Country but stripes whereupon Iames Velasques in the yeere 1518. sent his Kinsman Iohn de Grijalua with 200. Spaniards in foure ships hee traded in the Riuer of Tauasco and for trifles returned much Gold and curious workes of Feathers Idols of Gold a whole harnesse or furniture for an armed man of Gold thin beaten Eagles Lions and other pourtratures found in Gold c. But while Grijalua deferred his returne Velasques agreed with Cortes to be his partner in the Discouerie which hee gladly accepted and procured licence from the Gouernours in Domingo and prepared for the Voyage Velasques afterward vsed all meanes to breake off in so much that Cortes was forced to engage all his owne stocke and credit with his friends in the Expedition and with fiue hundred and fiftie Spaniards in eleuen Ships set sayle the tenth of February 1519. and arriued at the Iland of Acusamil The Inhabitants at first fled but by the kinde entertainment of some that were taken they returned and receiued him and his with all kinde Offices They told him of certaine bearded men in Yucatan whither Cortes sent and one of them Geronimo de Aguilar came vnto him who told him that by shipwracke at Iamaica their Caruell being lost twentie of them wandred in the boat without sayle water or bread thirteene or fourteene dayes in which space the violence of the Current had cast them on shoare in a Prouince called Maija where as they trauelled seuen died with famine and their Captayne Valdinia and other foure were sacrificed to the Idols by the Cacike or Lord of the Countrie and eaten in a solemne banquet and hee with sixe other were put into a coope or cage to be fatned for another Sacrifice But breaking prison they escaped to another Cacike enemie to the former where all the rest died but himselfe and Gonsalo Guerrer a Mariner Hee had transformed himselfe into the Indian Cut boring his Nose full of holes his eares iagged his face and hands painted married a wife and became a Captaine of name amongst the Indians and would not returne with this Aguilar Cortes with this new Interpreter passed vp the Riuer Tauasco called of the former Discouerer Grijalua where the Towne that stood thereon refusing to victuall him was taken and sacked The Indians here with enraged assembled an Armie of fortie thousand but Cortes by his Horse Ordnance preuayled the Indians thinking the Horse and Rider had beene but one Creature whose gaping and swiftnesse was terrible vnto them whereupon they submitted themselues When they heard the Horses ney they had thought the Horses could speake and demanded what they said the Spaniards answered These Horses are sore offended with you for fighting with them and would haue you corrected the simple Indians presented Roses and Hens to the beasts desiring them to eate and to pardon them Cortes purposed to discouer Westward because he heard that there were Mynes of Gold hauing first receiued their Vassalage to the King his Master to whom hee said the Monarchie of the Vniuersall did appertaine These were the first Vassals the Emperour had in New Spaine They named the Towne where these things were done Victorie before called Potonchan contayning neere fiue and twenty thousand Houses which are great made of Lime and Stone and Bricke and some of mudwals and rafters couered with Straw their dwelling is in the vpper part of the House for the moystnesse of the Soyle They did eate mans flesh sacrificed The Spaniards sailed further Westward and came to Saint Iohn de Vlhua where Teudilli the Gouernour of the Country came to him with foure thousand Indians He did his reuerence to the Captaine burning Frankincense after their custome and little strawes touched in the bloud of his owne bodie and then presented vnto him Victuals and Iewels of Gold and other curious workes of Feathers which Cortes requited with a Collar of Glasse and other things of small value A woman-slaue giuen him at Potonchan vnderstood their Language and she with Aguilar were his Interpreters Cortes professed himselfe the Seruant of a great Emperour which had sent him thither whose power is so highly extolled that Teudilli maruelled thinking there had beene no such Prince in the World as his Master and Souereigne the King of Mexico whose Vassal he was named Mutezuma To him he sent the representations of these bearded Men and their Horses Apparell Weapons Ordnance and other Rarities painted in Cotton-clothes their ships and numbers These painted Cottons he sent by Posts which deliuered them from one to another with such celeritie that in a day and night the message came to Mexico which was two hundred and ten miles distant
are dishonoured Their Husbands suffer them to lye with others in some Feasts of the yeare He that forceth a Virgin is a slaue or payeth her dowrie if a Slaue doe it with his Masters Daughter they are both buried quicke They haue common Brothels A Thiefe hath his haire cut off and is made the Slaue from whom he hath stolne vntill he hath made satisfaction which if he deferre long he is sacrificed They had no punishment for him which should kill a Cacique for they said such a thing could not happen §. III. Of the strange creatures in these parts of NOMBRE DE DIOS and the Spanish mysteries at their first Plantation THe riches of Nicaragua consisteth much in a great Lake three hundred miles long and being within twelue miles of the South Sea doth disembogue it selfe in the North-Sea a great way off In this Lake of Nicaragua are many and great fishes One strange kinde is that which the Inhabitants of Hispaniola call Manati as for the Inhabitants of the place the Spanish iniuries haue chased them thence This Fish somewhat resembleth the Otter it is fiue and twenty foot long twelue thicke the head and tayle like a Cow with small eyes his backe hard and hairy he hath onely two feet at the shoulders and those like an Elephants The females bring forth yong and nourish them with the Vdder like a Cow I haue seene and eaten of them saith Benzo the taste is like Swines flesh they eate Grasse There was a King in Hispaniola which put one of them being presented him by his Fishermen into a Lake of standing-waters where it liued fiue and twenty yeares when any of the seruants came to the Lake and called Matto Matto she would come and receiue meat at their hands and if any would bee ferried ouer the Lake she willingly yeelded her backe and performed this Office faithfully yea she hath carrien ten men at once singing or playing A Spaniard had once wronged her by casting a dart at her and therefore after that when she was called she would plunge downe againe otherwise to the Indians shee remained officious Shee would be as full of play as a Monkey and would wrastle with them especially shee was addicted to one yong man which vsed to her This proceded partly from her docible nature partly because being taken yong she was kept vp a while at home in the Kings house with bread This Fish liueth both on Land and Water The Riuer swelling ouer his Banks into the Lake this Fish followed the streame and was seene no more There was another strange creature in Nicaragua they call it Cascuij like a blacke Hogge with small eyes wide eares clouen feet a short trunke or snowt like an Elephant of so lowd a braying that he would make men deafe Anoth there is with a naturall purse vnder her belly wherein she putteth her yong it hath the bodie of a Fox handed and footed like a Monkey The Bats in these parts are terrible for biting The Inhabitants neere the Riuer Suerus are not differing from the rest but that they eate not mans flesh Next is that necke or narrow extent of Land stretching betweene the North and South-Seas and as it were knitting the two great Peninsul's of the North and South America together Nombre de Dios signifieth the name of God occasioned by the words of Didacus Niquesa who after disastrous aduentures elsewhere came hither and here bade his men goe on shore in the name of God whereupon the Colony and Plantation there was so called It hath a bad situation and small habitation Baptista Antonio the King of Spaines Surueyour counselled to bring Nombre de Dios to Puerto Bello It was remoued from the former seat in the yeare of our Lord 1584. Sir Thomas Baskeruile burnt it and went from thence with his Armie towards Panama in the yeare 1595. Darien was called Antiqua Dartenis because Ancisus vowed to our Lady at Siuill called Maria Antuqua if she would helpe him in those Indian Conquests hee would turne the Caciques house into a Temple there he planted a Colony It would be tedious to tell of the sturres and ciuill vnciuill brawles betwixt the Spaniards in these parts Vasques Valboa imprisoned Ancisus and after recouered his credit by discouerie of the South-Sea For whiles the Spaniards contented about the weight and sharing of their Gold which a Cacique had giuen them this Cacique being present hurled downe the Gold not a little maruelling as he said that they would so much contend for that as if they could eate or drinke it But if they liked it so well hee would carry them where their Golden-thirst should be satisfied He was deceiued in the nature of that dropsie-thirst which as a fire quenched with oyle receiues thence greater strength but hee deceiued not them in his promise bringing them to the South-Sea where Valboa named one Prouince Golden Castile And for that which he spake of their strife as if they could eate or drinke those Metals the cruelties of the Spaniards were such as the Indians when they got any of them would bind their hands and feet and laying them on their backs would powre Gold into their mouthes saying in insultation Eat Gold Christian This Valboa was put to death by Arias his Father-in-law But now we haue mentioned the first Spaniards which planted these parts it shall not be amisse to mention some hardships the Spaniards sustained before they could here settle themselues which may be an answere to those nice and delicate conceits that in our Virginian Expedition cast off all hope because of some disasters How the Spaniards dealt one with another and how the Indians dealt with them you haue heard worse hath not followed from any turbulent emulous spirit of our owne or hostile of the Virginian in this Plantation And as for famine Nicuesa's men were so pinched that not to speake of those which perished one sold an old leane mangie Dogge to his fellowes for many Castellans of Gold these flayed the Dogge and cast his mangie skin with the bones of the head among the bushes The day following one of them finds it full of Maggots and stinking but famine had neither eyes nor scent he brought it home sod and ate it and found many Customers which gaue a Castellan a dish for that mangie Broth. Another found two Toads and sod them which a sicke man bought for two fine shirts curiously wrought with Gold Others found a dead man rotten and stinking which putrified carkasse they roasted and ate And thus from seuen hundred and seuenty men they were brought so low that scarce forty shadowes of men remained to inhabite Dariena Much like to this was their successe at the Riuer of Plate in Florida and other places of the West-Indies What Iohn Oxenam Sir Francis Drake Master Christopher Newport and other our Worthy Country-men haue atchieued in these parts against the Spaniards Master Hakluyt in his
his Pinnasse left him in forty seuen The Ro-bucke kept with him to thirtie sixe Captaine Barker transgressing his directions was slaine with fiue and twenty men on Land and the Boat lost and soone after 25. others followed the like fortunes ten others by the cowardise of the Master of the Ro-bucke forsaken at Spirito Sancto which stole away with sixe monethes victuals for an hundred and twenty persons they being but forty sixe At Sebastians happened another mutinie by treacherie of an Irish man here Master Kniuet and other sicke persons were set on shore Intending againe for the Straits he beate and was beaten vp and downe the frowning Seas and came within two leagues of Saint Helena but could not attaine it and professeth he had rather haue put himselfe on an Iland if hee could not attaine it and professeth hee had rather haue put himselfe on an Iland if he could haue found one which the Charts place in eight degrees then returne and now was scarce able to hold a Pen when he wrote this Hee dyed homewards Since that Sir Richard Hawkins passed the Straits into the South Sea of which his Voyage I haue read a long Discourse written by himselfe Hee fell into the hands of the Spaniards which tooke him in the South Sea Let me adde this touching these Straits that possession thereof was formally taken by turfe and twigge after the English manner in the first Voyage Captaine Drake deliuering the said seisin to Captaine Winter in the name of Queene Elizabeth and her Successors This did Captaine Winter himselfe relate to me at Bathe in the presence of many desiring to haue it published this last September 1618. forty yeeres after the performance with many other particulars of that his Voyage CHAP. VII Of Terra Australis and Chili AS for the Land on the Southerne side of the Straits it is called the Land of Fire either because the Discouerers saw fire thereabouts or because that cold Climate so much needeth fire More Easterly against the Cape of Good Hope is the Land Terra di Vista This Land about the Straits is not perfectly discouered whether it be Continent or Ilands Some take it for Continent and extend it more in their imagination then any mans experience towards those Ilands of Salomon and New Guinnee esteeming of which there is great probabilitie that Terra Australis or the Southerne Continent may for the largenesse thereof take vp a fift place in order and the first in greatnesse in the diuision and parting of the whole World Master Brerewood our Learned Countriman as is before obserued perswadeth himselfe that it is as large as the Easterne Continent which containeth Europe Africa and Asia altogether His reasons are that touching latitude it is knowne to approch neere if not on this side the Aequator and touching Longitude to runne along in a continuall circuit about the Earth fronting both the other Continents Another reason which he deemeth of more certaine importance is this that the Land to the North side of the Line in the other Continents of the Old and New World is at least foure times as large as that part of them which lyeth to the South Now for as much as the face of the Sea is leuell so hee argueth being therefore called Aequor Aqua and secondly the Earth beeing equally poysed on both sides of her owne Centre and thirdly this Centre being but one to the Water and the Earth euen no other then the Centre of the World it followeth thereupon that the Earth should in answerable measure and proportion lift it selfe and appeare aboue the face of the Sea on the South side of the Line as it doth on the North. And consequently that what is wanting in the South parts of the other Continents towards the counteruailing of the North parts which is about three fiue parts of both the other Continents layed together must of necessitie be supplyed in this Continent of the South Lopez Vaz writeth That the Gouernours which the King of Spaine sendeth for Peru and New Spaine haue a custome to discouer new Countries The Licentiate Castro being Gouernour of Peru sent forth a Fleet from Lima which sayling 800. leagues Westward found certaine Ilands in 11. degrees to the South of the Equinoctiall with a kind of people of yellowish complexion and all naked Heere they found Hogs Dogges Hens Cloues Ginger Cinamon and some Gold The first Iland they named Izabella the greatest Guadalcanal on the Coast whereof they sayled 150. leagues where they tooke a Towne and some graines of Gold hanged vp in the Houses They burnt their Towne because they had in a sudden surprize killed fourteene of their men They spent fourteene moneths in this Discouery and named them the Ilands of Salomon that by that name men might bee further induced to discouer and inhabit them imagining that Salomon had his Gold from thence Noua Guinea was discouered by Villalobos sent from New Spaine in the yeere 1543. going to discouer the Moluccas Herera saith it was discouered by Aluaro of Saauedra Anno 1527. and the Ilands of Salomon in the yeere 1567. by Lope Garcia of Castro which are many and great but eighteene principall some of them 300. leagues in compasse two of 200. others of 100. and of fifty and lesse the Inhabitants some blacke some white some browne the greatest named Saint Isabel 150. leagues in length and eighteene in breadth Saint Nicholas 150. leagues in compasse The Inhabitants are blacke of hue and wittie The Spaniards haue coasted it 700. leagues and yet cannot tell whether it bee an I le or Continent Hesselius Gerardus hath largely set forth the Petition or Memoriall of Peter Ferdinandez de Quir vnto the King of Spaine about his discouery of those Southerne vnknowne Ilands for the Plantation of the same I haue since seen this his Supplication to the King in Spanish with other memorials thereof wherein he saith that hee was sent with two ships to discouer the Ilands of Salomon and taking his course about the height of the Magellan Straits discouered a mayne Land and sayled eight hundred Leagues on the Coast till hee came in fifteene degrees Southward from the Line where he found a fruitfull Countrey He discouered a Bay into which fall two great Riuers where they purpose to settle a Plantation Order was taken that he should presently be sent from Peru with commission to take vp 1200. men with shipping and other necessaries and as many the yeere after out of New Spaine He found out three and twenty Ilands 230. leagues from Mexico Taumaco Chicayma where are great Oysters with Pearles Guaytopo the people whereof are as white as the Spaniards Tucopio Fonofono c. They pray to the Deuill which hath conference with an Indian vnseene from a piece of wood and to him and all the rest many times by night he toucheth the face and brest with cold touches but they could neuer learne what he was
He foretold of the Spaniards comming This Pedro Fernandez de Quiros fourteene yeeres busied himselfe to no small endamagement of his state and person about this Discouerie The length thereof he equalleth vnto all Europe and as much of Asia as thence extendeth to the Caspian Sea and for the wealth and riches he cals it a Terrestriall Paradise The Inhabitants hee affirmeth are innumerable some white some like the Mulatos and some otherwise in colour and habit of body diuersified They neither haue King nor Lawes nor Arts They are diuided and warre one vpon another with Bowes Arrowes and other weapons all of wood They haue their Oratories and places of Buriall Their Bread is made of three sorts of Roots They haue varietie of Fruits Cocos Almonds of foure sorts Pome-citrons Apples Dates there are also Swine Goats Hens Partriches and other Fowles and as the Indians report Kine and Buffals Hee saw amongst them Siluer and Pearles others added Gold and the Coast Countries seemed to promise great wealth within Land Many Riuers Sugar Canes Bayes Hauens and other commodities of Lands and Seas making shew of another China the ayre very wholesome and temperate He tooke possession thereof in the name of the King and set vp a Crosse and a Chappell in the name of the Lady of Loretto These Regions trend euen as high as the Aequinoctiall When this Discouery was made he mentioneth not onely hee sueth to the King for employment therein It is rightly called Terra Australis Incognita and therefore I will not take vpon me to be your Guide in another sense one of our Countrimen hath wittily and learnedly according to his wont described this Countrey and paralelled therewith the Countries of Europe and hath let vs see that wee are acquainted in those Coasts too much and need a Pilot or Guide to conduct vs out of them But let vs come backe to our Straits of Magellan that we may coast from thence and visit the Countries of Chili and Peru for of the Westerne borders of Chica girt in betweene the salt waues and cold Hils little can be said fitting our purpose Hauing sailed out of the Straits we haue a wide Sea before vs and on our right hand the Countrey is so barren and cold that I would not hold the Reader in any cold or tedious Narration thereof Iohn Ellis which was with Sir Richard Hawkins in his South-sea Voyage reporteth That being past the Straits they sayled North-west and by North forty leagues into the Sea and then due North till they came at Mocha in 38. degrees 30. minutes and thence held their course Northerly to Saint Maries in thirtie sixe and so to Val Paresa in thirtie three Where they made good purchase and prize if they could haue kept it From hence they came as farre as Arecca in two and twentie and so passed the Line to Tacame where they were taken But our trauell must bee by Land as was theirs after against their will where wee first encounter with Chili This name some extend euen to the Straits where we haue placed Chica and the Patagones others straiten it in shorter bounds betweene Chica on the South Charchas and Collao on the North Plata on the East and the Sea on the West it is called Chili of the chilling cold for so the word is said to signifie The Hils with their high lookes cold blasts and couetous encrochings driue it almost into the Sea onely a narrow Valley vpon lowly submission to her swelling Aduersaries obtayneth roome for fiue and twentie leagues of breadth where it is most to extend her spacious length of two hundred leagues on that shore and to withstand the Oceans furie shee payes a large tribute of many streames which yet in the Night-time shee can hardly performe the miserable Hils in their Frozen charitie not imparting that naturall bountie and dutie till that great Arbiter the Sunne ariseth and sendeth Day with his Light-horse-troupe of Sun-beames to breake vp those Icie Dungeons and Snowie Turrets wherein Night the Mountaynes Gaoler had locked the innocent Waters Once the poore Valley is so hampered betwixt the tyrannicall Meteors and Elements as that she often quaketh with feare and in these chill Feuers shaketh off and loseth her best Ornaments Arequipa one of her fairest Townes by such disaster in the yeere 1582. fell to the ground And sometimes the Neighbour Hils are infected with this Pestilent Feuer and tumble downe as dead in the Plaine thereby so amazing the fearefull Riuers that they runne quite out of their Channels to seeke new or else stand still with wonder and the motiue heate failing fall into an vncouth Tympanie their bellies swelling into spacious and standing Lakes the tydes seeing this hold backe their course and dare not approch their sometime beloued streames by diuers miles distance so that betwixt these two stooles the ships come to ground indeed The sicke Earth thus hauing her mouth stopped and her stomacke ouerlayed forceth new mouthes whence she vomiteth streames of oppressing waters I speake not of the Beasts and Men which in these Ciuill warres of Nature must needs be subiect to deuouring miserie These are the strange effects of cold and Earthquakes not strange in Chili where we are now arriued The people are fierce and cruell and some as is reported Giants Almagro one of the first Conquerours of Peru in hope of Gold passed from thence hither but was deceiued by the Indians which led him the wrong way In passing the Deserts of Chili the Aire is so piercing as before is obserued that men fall downe dead or else lose their members suddenly in manner without feeling Ierome Costilla the General one of Acostaes Acquaintance had lost three or foure toes which fel off without any paine many of his Armie dyed whose bodies at his returne he found lying there without stinke or corruption and one Boy remayned aliue which had mayntained himselfe by eating Horse-flesh The Horses also were found whole as Apollonius writeth and the men sitting on them as if they had beene aliue with the Bridles in their hand In six and thirty degrees is that famous Valley of Arauco which defend their persons and freedome maugre all the force and furie of the Spaniards These killed two of Sir Francis Drakes men and wounded himselfe they destroyed also three and twenty Hollanders of the company of Cordes both which they did in detestation of the Spaniards of whom they esteemed the English and Dutch because of their Apparell They haue destroyed many of the Spaniards they tooke the City Baldiuia in the yeere 1599. and slue the Spaniards Twice before if not oftner they had burnt and spoyled it Yea Baldiuia himselfe the first Conquerour of Chili for Almagro stayed not and of whom that Citie receiued name was taken by these Indians his Horse being slaine vnder him They bid him feare nothing hee should haue Gold enough and making
inherited not the goods as is sayd already but they were wholly dedicated to his Oratorie or Guaca and for the mayntenance of the Family he left which with his Off-spring was alway busied at the Sacrifices Ceremonies and Seruice of the deceased King for being dead they presently held him for a God making Images and Sacrifices to him The Ensigne of Royaltie was a Red Rowle of Wooll finer then Silke which hung on his forehead which was a Diadem that none else might weare in the middest of their forehead at the eare the Noblemen men might When they tooke this Roll they made their Coronation Feast and many Sacrifices with a great quantitie of vessels of Gold and Siluer and many Images in the forme of Sheepe of Gold and Siluer and a thousand others of diuers colours Then the chiefe Priest tooke a young Child in his hand of the age of sixe or eight yeeres pronouncing these words with the other Ministers to the Image of Viracocha Lord wee offer this vnto thee that thou mayest mayntaine vs in quiet and helpe vs in our Warres mayntaine our Lord the Ingua in his Greatnesse and estate that hee may alway increase giuing him much knowledge to gouerne vs There were present at this Ceremonie men of all parts of the Realme and of all Guacas and Sanctuaries It is not found that any of the Inguas Subiects euer committed Treason against him Hee placed the Gouernours in euery Prouince some greater and some smaller The Inguas thought it a good rule of State to keepe their Subiects alway in action and therefore there are seene to this day long Causeys of great labour diuiding this large Empire into foure parts Hauing conquered a Prouince they presently reduced them into Townes and Communalties which were diuided into Bands one was appointed ouer tenne another ouer a hundred and another ouer a thousand and ouer tenne thousand another Aboue all there was in euery Prouince a Gouernour of the House of the Inguas to whom the rest gaue accounts of what had passed and who were eyther borne or dead At the Feast called Raymar the Gouernours brought the Tribute of the whole Realme to the Court at Cusco All the Kingdome was diuided into foure parts Chinchasuyo Collosuyo Andesuyo and Condesuyo according to the foure wayes which went from Cusco East West North and South When the Ingua conquered a Citie the Land was diuided into three Parts the first for Religion euery Idoll and Guaca hauing his peculiar Lands appropriated to their Priests and Sacrifices and the greatest part thereof was spent in Cusco where was the Generall and Metropolitan Sanctuary the rest in that Citie where it was gathered which all had Guacas after the fashion of Cusco some being thence distant two hundred leagues That which they reapt on the Land was put into Store-houses built for that purpose The second part of that diuision was for the Ingua for the mayntenance of his Court Kinsmen Noblemen and Souldiers which they brought to Cusco or other places where it was needfull The third part was for the Communaltie for the nourishment of the people no particular man possessing any part hereof in proper As the Family encreased or decreased so did the portion Their Tribute was to till and husband the Lands of the Ingua and the Guacas and lay it vp in Store-houses being for that time of their labour nourished out of the same lands The like distribution was made of the Cattel to the same purposes as that of the lands and of the wooll and other profits that thence arose The old men women and sicke folkes were reserued from this Tribute They payed other Tributes also euen whatsoeuer the Ingua would choose out of euery Prouince The Chicas sent sweete Woods the Lucanas Brancars to carrie his Litter the Chumtilbicas Dancers others were appointed to labour in the Mines and all were slaues to the Ingua Some hee employed in building of Temples Fortresses Houses or other Workes as appeareth by the remnants of them where are found stones of such greatnesse that men cannot conceiue how they were cut brought and layed in their places they hauing no Iron or Steele to cut Engines to carrie nor Morter to lay them and yet they were so cunningly layed that one could not see the ioynts Some of eight and thirtie foot long sayth Acosta eight broad and sixe thicke I measured and in the walles of Cusco are bigger none so little sayth Sancho in some buildings there as three Carts might carrie and some thirty spannes square Iohn Ellis which lately was there sayth some of them are twentie tunne weight strangely ioyned without morter They built a Bridge at Chiquitto the Riuer being so deepe that it will not admit Arches they fastened bundles of Reedes and Weedes which being light will not sinke which they fasten to eyther side of the Riuer they make it passable for man and beast it is three hundred foot long Cusco their chiefe Citie standeth in seuenteene degrees it is subiect to cold and Snow the Houses are of great and square stone It was besieged by Soto and by Pizarro and by him entred where they found more treasure then they had by the imprisonment of Atabaliba Quito is said to haue beene as rich as Cusco Hither Ruminagni fled with fiue thousand Souldiers when Atabaliba his Master was taken by the Spaniards and slue Illescas his Brother that withstood his Tyrannicall proceedings flayed him and made a Drumme of his skinne slue two thousand Souldiers that brought the bodie of Atabaliba to Quite to be interred hauing in shew of Funerall pompe and honour before made them drunke and with his Forces scoured the Prouince of Tamebamba hee killed many of his Wiues for smiling when hee told them they should haue pleasure with the bearded men and burnt the Wardrobe of Atabaliba that when the Spaniards came and entred Quito which had almost dispeopled Panama Nicaragua Cartagena and other their Habitations in hope of Peruuian spoyles they found themselues disappointed of their expected prey and in anger set fire on the Towne Aluarado with like newes came from Guatimala into those parts with foure hundred Spaniards but was forced to kill his Horse to feede his famished Company although at that time Horses were worth in Peru aboue a thousand Ducats a piece was almost killed with thirst was assaulted with showres of Ashes which the hote Vulcane of Quito dispersed two hundred and fortie myles about with terrible Thunders and Lightnings which Pluto had seemed to steale from Iupiter and here to vent them and after with Snowes on the colde Hils which exacted seuenty Spaniards for Tribute in the passage found many men sacrificed by the Inhabitants but could finde no Gold till Pizarro bought his departure with an hundred thousand Duckets Hee gaue Thankes hee sayd to God for his deliuerance by that Tract by which hee had passed to the Deuill This was hee that afterward being bruised with the fall
him children as they did to the Sunn These three Viracocha the Sunne and Thunder had a more especiall worship then the rest they put as it were a Gantlet or Gloue vpon their hands when they lifted them vp to worship them They worshipped the Earth in the name of Pachamama and esteemed her the Mother of all things the Sea also and called it Mamacocha and the Rain-bow which with two Snakes stretched out on each side were the Armes of the Inguas They attributed diuers offices to diuers Starres and those which needed their fauour worshipped them so the Shepheard sacrificed to a Starre by them called Vrcuhillay which they hold to be a sheepe of diuers colours and two other Starres called Catuchillay and Vrcuchillay which they fayned to bee an Ewe and a Lambe others worshipped a Starre which they name Machaeuay to which they attributed the power ouer Snakes and Serpents to keepe them from hurting them To another Starre called Chugninchinchey which is as much as Tigre they ascribed power ouer Beares Tigres and Lions They haue generally beleeued of all the Beasts in the earth there is one like vnto them in heauen which hath care of their procreation and encrease Many other Starres they worshipped too tedious to rehearse They worshipped also Riuers Fountaines the mouthes of Riuers entries of Mountaynes Rockes or great stones Hils and the tops of Mountaynes which they call Apachitas They worshipped all things in Nature which seemed to them remarkeable and different from the rest They shewed me it is Acostas speech in Cazamalca a Hill or Mount of Sand which was a chiefe Idoll or Guaca of the Ancients I demanded what Diuinitie they found in it they alledged the wonder it beeing a high Mount of Sand in the middest of the thicke Mountaynes of stone In the Citie de los Reyes for the melting of a Bell wee cut downe a great deformed Tree which for the greatnesse and Antiquitie thereof had beene their Guaca They attributed the like Diuinitie to any thing that was strange in this kind as Stones or the Roots Papas and Lallatrecas which they kissed and worshipped Beares also Lions Tigres and Snakes that they should not hurt them And such as their Gods be such are the things which they offer vnto them in their worship They haue vsed as they goe by the way to cast in the crosse wayes on the Hils and tops of Mountaynes olde shooes feathers and Coca chewed And when they had nothing else they cast a stone as an offering that they might passe freely and lustily hence it is that they find in the high wayes great heaps of stones offered and such other things They vsed the like ridiculous offering in pulling off their haires of the eye-browes to offer to the Sunne Hils Winds or any other thing which they feare They report of one of the Inguas that said he did not take the Sunne to be a God because he laboureth so much in his daily iourny In fine euery one worshipped what liked him best The Fishers worshipped a Sharke or some other Fish the Hunter a Lion Fox or other Beast with many Birds the Countriman the Water and Earth They beleeued that the Moone was Wife to the Sunne When they sweare they touch the Earth and looke vp to the Sunne Many of their Idols had Pastorall Staues and Mitres like B shops but the Indians could tell no reason thereof and when they saw the Spanish Bishops in their Pontificalibus they asked if they were Guacas of the Christians They worshipped also as before is said the dead bodies of the Inguas preseruing them with certaine Rosin so that they seemed aliue The body of Yupangui the Grandfather of Atabaliba was thus found hauing eyes made of a fine cloth of Gold so artificially set as they seemed naturall hauing lost no more haire then if he had died the same day and yet he had beene dead seuenty eight yeeres There also the Spaniards found his Seruants and Mamacomas which did seruice to his memory In some Prouince they worshipped the Image of a Bull in another of a Cocke and in other others In the Principall Temple of Pachicama they kept a shee Fox and worshipped it The Lord of Manta kept a great and rich Emerald as his Ancestors also before him had holden it in great veneration on some dayes it was brought forth in publike to be worshipped They which were sicke came in Pilgrimage to visit it and there offered their gifts which the Cacique and Ministers turned to their owne profit The Deuill in many places did appeare vnto them and he indeed was Author of all these Superstitions They haue a Tradition concerning the Creation that at the beginning of the World there came one from the North into their Countrey called Con which had no bones went very light and swift cast downe Mountaines lift vp the Hils only with his Will and Word He said he was the Sonne of the Sunne and filled the earth with men and women which they created giuing them fruits and bread and other things necessary for humane life But being offended with some he countermanded all that former good and turned the fruitfull Lands into barren Sands as they are now in the Plaines and tooke away the water that it should not raine hence it came that it raines not only leauing them the Riuers of pure compassion that they should maintayne themselues with labour Afterwards came another from the South called Pachicama the Sonne also of the Sunne and Moone who banished Con and turned his men into Cats Monkeyes Beares Lions Parrots and other Birds and created the Progenitors of the present Indians and taught them to husband the Earth and the Trees They againe to gratifie him turned him in their imaginations and superstitions vnto a God and named the Prouince foure leagues from Lima of his name He t continued till the Christians came to Peru He was their great Oracle and as some Indians affirme he still continueth in secret places with some of their old men and speaketh to them Of this Temple we shall after speake They hold opinion also that on a time it rained so exceedingly that it drowned all the lower Countries and all men saue a few which got into Caues vpon high Hils where they shut vp themselues close that no raine could get in there they had stored much prouision and liuing creatures And when they perceiued that it had done raining they sent forth two Dogges but they returning all myrie and foule they knew that the waters had not yet ceased after that they sent forth more Dogges which came backe againe dry then did they goe forth to people the Earth but were mightily afflicted with multitudes of great Serpents which had sprung vp out of those mirie Reliques of the Floud but at last they killed them They beleeue also that the World shall haue an end but before the same shall goe a great drought and the
sacking of Bagdet 65 Haaziph or Azaereth a feast of the Iewes 112 Hadrian vide Adrian Hagags cruelties 74 Hagarens whence so called their habitation c. 229. 230 Hagiagies crueltie 1024 Haithon vide Aiton Haire consecrated at the Temple of Dea Syria 70. Why worne long on the crowne 93. Worne with a long locke on the left side as the Deuill appeares in Virginia 843 Hakems wickednesse 1039 Halicarnassus 81 Halyattis 261 Hali vide Ali. Doctour Hals commendation 81 Iames Hals Discouery 813. 814 Hamceu chiefe Citie of China 441. Whither Quinsay ibid. Hamath Earthquake 147 Hamith a Iewish Court 98 Hammientes 666 Hamet King of Barbary 695. seq Habet or Hamet Ben Abdela Propheticall King 696. Slaine 699 700 Hannos Discoueries 512 Haran Temple and the Pilgrimages thither 255 Harcourts plantation in Guiana 901. 902 Haron the 26. Chalifa his Acts Vistories Deuotion and loue of Learning 1028. 1029 Harpies 67 Hasen the sixt Emperour of the Muslims 1021. His holinesse ibid. Poysoned by his Wife ibid. Hasidaei and Hasidim why so called and when began 125. 126. Not a Sect but a Fraternitie their Rites ibid. Diuers of the Pharisees and Essees of the Fraterternitie ibid. Hassem and Sem 101 Hawkes worshipped 635 Captaine Hawkins his Iournall 520 521 Hea a Prouince 243 Head of the Captiuitie 131 Head of the Land of Israel 134 Heauen and Earth Gen. 1. What meant thereby 5. Three Heauens 6. Heauen of the blessed ibid. Of the Kabalist and Talmudist 161. 162. Of Mahomet 245. 246. Of Siamites 491. 492. Heauens of the Iaponites 587. Heauen worshipped of the Chinois 471 Hebrew the first Language 39. 40 Of Heber ibid. Why called Hebrewes 40. 95. The same Language at first with the Chaldaean ibid. Hebrew Accents and Letters 40 Not capeable of meetre 41 Hebrewes why abhomination to the Aegpptians 637 Hebrewes in a speciall sense 95 Hebrew Patriarchs and their Religion before the Law 95. 96. seq Hebrew Policy and Ciuill Gouernment 97. 98 Hecla a hill in Island by some supposed Purgatory 761 Heden 17 Hegira 243. The computation of the Mahometicall Hegira 246 1014 Heliogabilus 58. 79 Heliognosti worshippers of the Sunne 135 Hell a fire without light 71. The Alpha and Omega of wickednesse ibid. Why called Genenna 86. By whom escaped 314 Mahomets Hell 254. 262. 314 Siamites Hell 491 Hell-mouth 50 Helena Iland 781 seq Helena Queene of Adiabena 62 Of Aethiopia 781 Hellen a Giant worshipped 45 Hrllenists whence so called 124 Helle Hellespont 98 Hellenians or Helienians a Sect of the Iewes 135 Hemerobaptists Iewish Hereticks 133 Hendorones their Countrey and Rites 535 Henoch taken away 15. 30. 31 His Artes Pillars and Writings ibid. By the Greekes called Atlas 31 Henoch a Citie so called 29. Booke of Henoch 30. Very fabulous 31. A fragment of that Booke cited ibid. Henry Prince of Wales his Encomium 861 Henry of Portugall first Discouerer of the Coasts of Africa 619 Hennes Egges how hatched in Aegypt 627 Heptacometae a people of most beastly disposition 330 Hercules 77. 78. 336 Hercules of the Parthians 337 Of Heraclea 577 Hercules Pillars two Hills 680 Heraclea a Citie described 577 Heraclius his Acts 215. 242. 364 365 Heremites 277. 428. Mock-heremites 315. Famous Heremite in Africa 637. At Saint Helena 781 Herod Ascalonita 81. Hee slue the Seuenty 100. Built the Temple 102. 103 Herodians a Sect of the Iewes 134 Herules their Rites 400 Hessees vide Essens Hesperides 680 Hassissim a Nation neere to Mount Libanus 277. Their Prophet ibid. Hierapolis in Syria 68 Hierarchie and High Priesthood of the Chaldees 55. Of the Syrians 68. Phoenicians 79 Of the Israelites before the Law 98. Of Samaritans 138. 139. Of Aaron 121. Of Assasines 218. 219. Of Dogzijn 220. 221. Of the Turkes 319. 320. Of Cappadocians 326. Zelans 328 Armenians 342. Albanians 346. 347. Persians 395. 396 In Cathaya 404. 415. Of Tartars 416. 417. Of Thebeth 430. China 461. 466. Of the Brachmanes 479. Of the Siamites 491. Of the Bramenes 547. 548. In Cochin 552. In Iapon 592. In Ternate 605. 506. In Samatra 614. In Pegu 505. 506 In Aegypt 635 Hieroglyphicks 82 Hierotimus an Arabian King which had sixe hundred children by Concubines 229 Hierro one of the Canaries 783 Hillel 158. When hee flourished 160. His Disciples 165 Hippopotamus 714 Hiram his Acts 79 Hircania and the Hircanians 355. 356 Hisiam Sonne of Abdulmelie the seuenteenth Chalifa 1025. His two Sonnes Muaui and Suleiman in a Battell put the Romanes to slight and tooke Constantine the Emperour ibid. His great Wardrobes ibid. Hisphaham vide Isphaam Hispaniola described 955. seq Their Creatures Oracles Priests Dances Zemes 957 seq The Miracles Prophesies Feasts of their Zemes their Holy-bread Oracles Burials Marriages Punishments Traditions of the Creation and Spirits 958. Ceremonies about the sicke and dead 959. Tempests there ibidem Quite dispeopled of the naturall Indians 960 Histaspes Father of Darius his trauell to the Brachmanes 479 Historie helped by Geographie 44 Hoaquam the Name of a China Idoll which hath rule ouer the eyes 461 Hog a Phoenician Philosopher 82 Hogs with hornes 566. With teeth more then ordinary ibid. Hollanders Acts in the East Indies 483. seq holy-Holy-land vide Iudaea and Palaestina the situation and Map thereof 91. seq Homicide punished in Kain 28 Homer 207 Homer worshipped 621 Hondura and the Rites there 886 Honey venemous 221 Horeb 211 Horse offered to the Sunne 56 Horse-flesh royall fare to the Tartars 33 Horses taken with Hawkes 392 Fatted and eaten in Cairo 653 Sir Edward Horsey 973 Horsey viz. Sir Ierome Horsey his Obseruations in Russia and other Countries 973. seq Hornes rooting in ground 587 Worne by some Kings and Priests 613. 884 Hosanna of the Iewes 112 Hospitall at Bagdat 237. 238 242. 243. Medina 272. Of Saint Iohn Baptist 337. In Persia 374. 375. Merdin 6â—â— Goa 545. 546. Cairo 653. 654. Of the Turkes 308 Hospitals for Beasts and Birds 529 Hospitular Knights 584 Hourdes of Tartars 422. 423 Houres equall and vnequall 106 Of Prayer ibid. Hudsons Voyages to the North Nothwest 817. His wintering and treachery of his men 818. Gods iustice on them ibid. Huiunsin the strange Story of him 461 Hungaria magna 404 Hungarie ouerrun by the Turkes 283. 284. By the Tartars 404 405 Huracanos 963 Hoseins Heresie 1034 Hydaspes Priest of the Sunne 730 Hydras 624 Hyaena 622 Hyperboreans 397. 400 Hyrcania the description thereof 355 I IAbbok 86 Iacapucaya a Brasilian Fruit 913 Iacobs twelue Sonnes 89. 90. Hee reformed his Family 95 Iacobites Sect multiplying 1017 Iagges vide Giacqui Iah the name of God 2 Iamaica described 954 Iamboli Insula 796 Iames King of Great Brittaine his commendation 837 King Iames his New New-land 814 King Iames his Cape 817 Ianambuxos a Sect in Iapan their Rites 594. 595 Ianizaries of the Turke 291 292 Iapheth Iapetus his Posteritie 36. The eldest Sonne of Noah ibid. Iapon the Historie thereof 586. seq Diuerse of
King of Delly all Indostan is his patrimony and his countrey diuided by three famous high wayes Porrab Pachan Dekan W. Clarke f Allahoban g Sultan Peruis h M. Clarke which diuers yeeres serued the Mogol in his warres and was one of these Haddies saith 30000. i Others say 2. s. 6. d. others 2. s. 3. d. k 150. millions of crownes l M. Withington which liued a Factor diuers yeeres in the Countrey receiued of the Iesuites which reside there this same story of the Mogols treasures m See Chap. 7. n M. Clarke saith 50000. Selims Religion and Customes o The Kings of India sit daily in Iustice themselues and on the Tuesdayes doe execution Feasts Mogols Sepulcher Couert saith the matter is fine Marble the forme nine square the compasse two English miles about nine stories high and that the King protested he would bestow thereon one hundred millions Iarric Thes. rer Indic l. 5. c. 23. An. 1612. n Nic Bangam They had money of these Ships some 32000. rials of eight wherof the Rehemee payd 15000. M. Downton saith They had goods for goods to a halfe-penny Nic. Withington M T. Best M. Patrick Copland M. Nathaniel Salmon M. Withington Nunno d' Ancuna M. Withington o M. Copland p Ant. Starky Ex Relat. M.S. Gen. Nic. Downton Martin Pring Beniamin Day Iohn Leman William Masham c. Master Downton both buried his sonne and died himselfe in this Voyage which since we haue published with other our Pilgrims continued by M. Elkington and M. Dodsworth his successiue successour q N. Withington r Goga is a rich towne on the other side of the Bay Some say that there was not so much harme done Masham Inuention of Ordnance first vsed by the Venetians against the Genuous An. Dom. 1378. who besieged Fossa-Clodia a town of theirs inuented by a German Alchymist a Monke called Bertholdus Swartus Others say Constantinus Anklitzen Printing was also first inuented by a German the first Printed booke being Tullies Offices at Mentz by one Iohn Fust which some thinke to be the same with Gutemberg who had made triall of this Art before without any perfection This Booke is still at Augsburg printed 1466. Ram. P. Verg. Pancirol Salmuth c. d So doth another namelesse Copy which I haue seene I omit the names of the Captaines e Ben Day Another hath Sanedo Nic. Withington f See M. Terris Booke and Childs Iournal Sir Tho. Roe in my voyages g See Swans Iournall and letters of Blithe Browne c. h Let. of T. Wilson and also of Robert Smith i One Philips in the Richard was principall cause of that victory by his Manhood k Of Dutch and English vnkind quarrells see Relations of M. Cocke Tho. Spurway Captaine Courthop Rob. Haies Captaine Pring Iohn Hatch William Hord letters of Cas Dauid George Iackeson Ia. Lane G. Ball M. Willes Kellum Throgmorton Ric. Nash S. T. Dale Io. Iordan A. Spaldwin G. Muschamp W. Anthon. H. Fitzherbert Th. Knollos B. Church-man G. Pettys c. Rob. Couert Agra a Fatipore a Citie as bigge as London Ios. Salbank Indico b 12000. or 15000. within the Citie Still R. Still or Stell and I. Crowther March 17. T. Cor. his letter to M. L. W. c Vers Hosk d Flauius Iustinianus Alemanicus Gothicus Francicus Germanicus Anticus Alanicus Vandalicus Africanus for that which followes Pius Foelix Inclytus Victor ac Triumphator , semper Augustus I hope his friends in the Verses before his booke haue giuen him more prodigious and himselfe before he comes home must needs multiply further hauing such huge bundles of papers abreeding in so many places at Aleppo Spahan Asmere c. e R. Still Lahore Chatcha 3 Fort. m Still Couerts Trauels are extant in his Booke n Hee saith that he hath put to death his own sonne and done 1000 other tyrannies Iohn Crowther W. Nichols Iohn Mildnall Mic. Withington 88. Courses . 1601. Calwalla a Towne of filthy Women Desart Reisbuti S.R. Sherly M. Withington robbed Sinda Wormes dangerous to ships o Fitch to the South-East and to the East from Agra Nicols S.E. by Land Goes N. E. to China Couert N. and S. quite through Still to Lahor N. E. and to Persia N.N.W. Withington the Westerle parts to Sinda c. p W. Clarke q W. Payton r 20000. horse 50000. foot and a mountainous Countrey hardly inuaded and conquered M. Clarke b M. Withington R. Couert R. Couert M. Payton M. Withington c Narratio Reg. Mogor Lahor is 300 miles from Agra Å¿ R. Fitch T. Coryat a Maginus b Maff. lib. 40 c Ioseph Ind. Linsch l. 1. c. 270 d Pat. Copland e L. Vertom l. 4 f Od. Barbosa g Coel. Rhodig lib. 11. cap. 13. h Maff. lib. 11. i Cic. Offic. k Maff. Histor Ind. lib. 11. l This same man appeared before Solyman the Turkish General at the siege of Diu. Viag di vn Comite Venetiano Nic. di Conti saith hee saw a Bramane three hundred yeers old m Morison part 3. c. 3. saith the same of the Irish Countesse of Desmond mentioned also by S. W. Ral. and that she liued 140. yeeres n Io. Santos l. 4. deuan. hist de India orientali o Dam. Ã Goes op Di. Bell. Camb. p Linschot q Od. Barbos r Gotardus Arthus Hist. Ind. Orient cap 23. Bally cap. 18. k Xaholam that is Lord of the World a Title and not a proper name l Daquem m Ios. Scal. de Emana temp lib. 7. n Ios. Scal. Can. Isag. lib. 7. o Clarke Banians M. Withington Marriages solemnized betwixt infants R. Couert Anominus p N. Downton Ben. Day q L. verb. lib. 4. r Eman. Pinner Balby saith at other times they eate but one meale a day cap. 10. Å¿ An. Dom. 1595. k The Religious in Cambaia Pinner l Em. Pinner Banians m Onesicritus reporteth the like of the Gymnosophists n Arrian Perip Mar. Eryth u Linsch c. 37. Andrea Corsuli x Od. Barbosa y The like lowsie trick is reported in the Legend of S. Francis and in the life of Ignatius of one of the first Iesuitical pillars by Mâ—ffâ—eus z N. di Cont. a Gi. Bot. Ben. Maff. lib. 1. Linschot lib. 1. cap. 34. Iarric l. 3. c. 1. b Gio. Bot. Ben. Garcias ab Horto l. 2. c. 28. Linschot c. c Lins l. 1. c. 27. Iarric Thes. rerum Indic l. 3. No exact order can bee vsed in relating so confused Rites o Of Goa reade Arthus hist Ind. c. 15. Linschot Al. Valignan p Tizzuarin signifies thirtie villages for so many it seemes were then there q Dec. 1. l. 8. c. vlt. Dec. 2. l. 5. c. 1. r Lins l. 1. c. 28.29 30 31 32. Balb c. 23. Balb. c. 22. Å¿ Lact. l. 1. c. 20. Aug. de C. D l. 6. c. 9. Rosianus Antiq. 1. 2. t R. Fitch u Linschot Don Duart de Menezes He summeth the publike ordinary expences of the Port in India at 134 199. li. 5.