one thousand four hundred and ninety two it is likewise called the West-Indies in distinction from the East-Indies which are in Asia Some Geographers divide the Earth into six parts adding to the four which we have named the Artick towards the Pole that gives it its name and the Antartick towards the South Pole this is called Terra Australis incognita or the Southern Land undiscovered and is thought to make a Continent as big as Europe Asia and Africa Of these two last we shall speak at the end of this Treatise Europe has Asia on the East separated from it by these limits the Egean Sea or Archipelago the Streights of the Dardanelli the Sea of Marmara the Streights of Constantinople the Black Sea the Streights of Caffa the Sea della Zabache the River Tanais and a Line drawn from its most Eastern Bank to the North Sea it hath the same Ocean on the North the Atlantick Sea on the West and the Streights of Gibraltar and Mediterranean Sea that divides it from Africa on the South From West to East that is from Cape St. Vincent in Spain to Constantinople it contains seven hundred seventy five French Leagues and from South to North that is from Cape Malee in Morea to the Northern Cape of the Laplanders eight hundred and twenty five Leagues Asia has to the West the same bounds that divide it from Europe and the Red Sea with the Streights of Suez that divide it from Africa on the South the Indian Ocean the Ocean of China on the East and on the North the Sea of Tartary called Mare Glaciale From East to West it contains seven hundred and fifty Leagues from the Archipelago to the Ocean of China and from South to North a thousand five hundred and fifty reckoning from Malacca to the Sea of Tartary Africa has on the North the Mediterranean Sea on the East the Red Sea with the Isthmus of Suez that divide it from Asia and the Indian Ocean On the South the Ethiopian Sea which with the Atlantick Ocean is likewise to the West of it From West to East that is from Cape Blank to the Cape of Guardafuy it contains a thousand six hundred and fifty Leagues and from South to North that is from the Cape of Good Hope to the Mediterranean Sea a thousand six hundred and seventy It is on all sides encompassed with the Sea except that narrow track of Land between the Red Sea and Mediterranean which is not above thirty Leagues in Length so that it is a perfect Peninsula America hath the North Sea to the East the South Sea to the West to the South the Streights of Magellan which divide it from the Terra del fuego and to the North unknown Lands or Seas It is divided into two great Peninsulaes by the narrow Ibstmus of Panama which is but eighteen Leagues over From South to North that is from the Streights of Magellan to the Northern Ocean it contains three thousand and fifty Leagues and from West to East towards Mexico two thousand nine hundred The Terra Australis and that of the North are so little known to us that their limits and extent cannot as yet be designed Having taken a view of the Earth let us now cast our eyes on the Sea which takes divers names according to the parts of the World where it is or the Countries it washeth That which encompasses Continents is called the Ocean and this likewise hath different appellations as on the West of Europe and part of Africa it is called the Western or Atlantick Ocean towards the Cape of Good Hope the Ethiopick Ocean to the East of Africa the Indian Sea to the East of Asia the Eastern Ocean or Sea of China to the North of Asia the Sea of Tartary and on the same side and towards Europe Mare Glaciale or the Frozen Ocean to the East of America the North Sea and to the West the South These are the general denominations of the Sea but it hath also particular names from the Countreys that lie near to it The chief Gulfs or Bays of the Ocean are the Mediterranean Sea which lies betwixt Europe Africa and Asia the Red Sea betwixt Africa and Asia the Gulf of Persia and that of Bengala in the East-Indies the Baltick Sea encompassed by Germany Sweden and Denmark the Gulf of Mexico and that of St. Laurence in America These Gulfs are joyned to the Ocean by Streights the Mediterranean Sea by the Streights of Gibraltar the Red Sea by that of Babel-mandel the Persian Sea by the Streights of Bassora otherwise of Ormus The Gulfs or rather Bays of Bengala Mexico and St. Laurence have no Streights because their mouth or entry is very large The Baltick Sea has the famous Streight of the Sound The Mediterranean Sea hath some noted Bays that well deserve to be mentioned Betwixt Italy and Dalmatia is the Gulf of Venice called in antient times the Adriatick Sea In Greece is the Gulf of Lepanto heretofore of Corinth And in Macedonia that of Salonica formerly of Thessalonica Between the Egean Sea now called the Archipelago and the Propontis or Sea of Marmora there is a Streight heretofore called the Hellespont and at present the Streights of Gallipoli or the Dardanelli and St. Georges Channel between the Sea of Marmora and the black Sea formerly called the Euxin Sea is the Bosphorus of Thrace which is now a days called the Channel of the Black Sea or Streights of Constantinople because that famous City is seated there betwixt the Black Sea and the Palus Meotides at present called the Sea delle Zabache is the Streights of Caffa heretofore named the Cimmerian Bosphorus Betwixt the Island of Euboea at present Negropont and Greece there is a narrow passage of Sea by the Ancients called Euripus who have affirmed that it ebbed and flowed seven times a day There are some other famous Streights which joyn several parts of the Ocean together or to say better the Ocean to the Ocean it self Towards the Northern Ocean is the Streights of Waigatz between Tartary and nova Zembla between Cathay and the Land of Jesso is the Streights of Jesso between Japan and the Land of Jesso is the Streights of Sengar between the same Land and Califurnia is that of Anian between Estotiland and Greenland is that of Davis between Greenland and the Island of Elizabeth is that of Forbisher Towards Canada is that of Hudson which according to the new Maps is properly a Gulf. Towards the Terra Australis is the famous Streights of Magellan discovered by him who gave it the name in the year one thousand five hundred and twenty between America and the Terra del fuego Betwixt this Land and that of the States is the Streights of Le Maire discovered in the year one thousand six hundred and sixteen And between that Land of the States and the Terra Australis is the Streights of Brouvers discovered in the year one thousand six hundred and forty
Converted many of them to Christianity and are very Active in making Proselytes in those Parts CHAP. VII TARTARY THE greater Tartary is one of the vastest Regions of the whole Earth It hath to the West the States of Muscovy the Ocean to the North to the East the Streights of Anian or Jesso according to some Maps and to the South Persia India and China Several Princes have Dominions in that great space of Land and among others the Prince of Niuche on the East-side who Invaded and Conquered China But the most considerable of all is the Great Cham. One of his chief Provinces in Cathay which some take for China and its City of Cambalu for that of Pequin so uncertain Men are in the knowledge of those distant Countries It is nevertheless sure that there are Vagabond Tartars divided into Societies called Hordes They Inhabit that place which is called Tartary Desert near which is the Kingdom of Astracan with a Town on the same Name on the Volga In these Countreys as 't is reported grows the Boranetz which is a Plant Animal that is half a Plant and half an Animal It is in Shape like a Lamb and fastned to a stalk about which it Nibbles and Eats the Grass which once failing it withers and dies The other parts of Tartary are Turquestan and Zagathy the chief City whereof is Samarkand the Imperial Seat of the Victorious Tamerlan Most part of the Tartars are Mahumetans there are many Idolaters some Jews and very few Christians among them CHAP. VIII The Isles of ASIA in the Ocean IN treating of the Tetritories of the Turk we spake of the Isles of Asia that are in the Mediterranean We must now mention those in the Ocean which belong to that part of the World but seeing they are so numerous that a large Volume would be too little to describe them all in we shall only touch at those which are the most considerable and of greatest Note amongst them The Maldives lie towards the Cape of Comorin to the South and West thereof there are many of them and they reach to the Line being divided into certain Parcels which are called Attollons and contain many small Islands separated by verry narrow Channels they are full of Coco-trees the Inhabitants are Mahumetans and subject to a King Zeilan or Zeilon is near Cape Comorin being Two hundred and forty Leagues in Circumference The Indians call it Tenasirim that is a Paradice of Delights there grows the Tree whereof Cinnamon is but the Bark and that in such plenty that there are whole Forrests of them Fair Emeralds and fairer Elephants are likewise to be had there Some would have it to be the Taprobane of the Ancients which others think to be Sumatra One of its chief Towns is Sitavaca the Residence of a Prince who takes the Title of Emperor of Zeilan to whom the other Kings are Tributary It is divided into several Kingdoms of which Candy that is in the middle of the rest is one of the chief The Portuguese had formerly some places there of which Columbo was the most Important But at present the Hollanders are possessed of that and much more than ever the Portuguese had The Natives are either Mahumetans or Idolaters Sumatra is divided by the Streights of Sincapura from the Peninsula of Malaccra Most part of the Modern Geographers take it for Taprobane the Equinoctial cuts it almost in the middle it is very large and some assign to it Thirty Kingdoms It s chief Towns are Achein Pedar and Batham The Inhabitants profess Mahumetanism and many of them are still Idolaters Great Java is near to Sumatra and is seperated from it but by an Arm of the Sea called the Streights of Sonda This Island is about Two Hundred Leagues in Length but not above Forty in Breadth It is Subject to several Princes who are Tributaries to another by them called Mataram that is to say Emperour It hath considerable Towns such as Bantam Palambuam Japara and Batavia called so by the Hollanders being formerly called Jacatra They took it in the Year One thousand six hundred and seventeen and have strongly fortified it and made it the Residence of their General and Principal Seat of their great East-India Trade The Inhabitans of the Island are for the most part Mahumetans Little Java is now called Cumbava and but little known some of its Inhabitans are Idolators Borneo lies to East of Malacca and Sumatra and to the North of Java This is one of the greatest Islands in the Ocean it is almost round and hath above 200 Leagues in Diameter It s Principle Town carries its Name Most part of the Inhabitans profess Mahumetanisme and the rest are plunged in Idolatry Celebes is to the East of Borneo and is much less than it the chief Towns thereof are one that goes by the same Name and Durate Gilolo is to the East of the former and is not so great it hath a Town of its own Name and another called Tolo The Molucca's so Famous for the Cloves Nutmegs and Mace which they disperse through the whole World lie under the Equinoctial betwixt Celebes and Gilolo The chief are Ternate Tidor Motir Machian and Bachian The Portuguese have had some places there which have been disputed by the English and Dutch and finally carried by the latter who have Engrossed the Trade of those Rich Spices Banda is to the South of Gilolo and furnishes also Nutmegs The Hollanders have the Possession thereof The Philippine Islands called so by the Spaniards in Honour of their King Philip the Second are so many in number that some Authors reckon above Ten thousand of them They lie Northward from the Mollucca's and Eastward from Cochinchina The greatest and most considerable of them is Luconia where the Town of Manilha is The other that are remarkable are those of Mindanao which hath a Town of its Name the Isles of St. Juan of Cebu Matan and Tandayo Betwixt this last and the Isle of Lucon is the Streights of Manilha Famous amongst Navigators Amacao or Macao is a small Island on the Coast of China where the Portguese have a Town of the same Name The Isle Formosa the Lucaios and some others are to the East of China The Empire of Jappan is composed of several great Islands on the the East of China the chief of which is called Niphon and its Capital Town Meaco though this present Emperour hath his Court at Jedo in the East part of the Island Many Jesuites have here lost their lives for Preaching Christ to that Idolatrous People To the North of this Countrey the Land of Jesso hath been lately discovered divided from it by the Streights of Sangar The chief Mountains of Asia are Taurus Libanus Caucasus and Imaus It s chief Capes are that of Comorin in the Indies Liampo in China Fartach Razalgate and Monzandaon in Arabia the happy and the Promontory of Tabin in Tartary It s principal Rivers are the Volga Araxez
for the use of the Eldest Son of the King of Portugal The Isle of Farnandopo is to the North of that and near the Coast of Guinea and the Kingdom of Benin Beyond the Line we find the Isle of Annobon which last the Portuguese called so because they discovered it on New-years day The Isle of Ascension discovered on Ascension day and therefore so called is farther to the South in the Ethiopick Sea and is neither inhabited nor habitable for want of Water but it is abounding in Turtle or Sea Tortoise St. Helena for a like reason so named is of all the Islands in the World the most Remote from the Continent being about Four hundred Leagues distant from it It hath excellent Fresh Water and so Salubrious an Air that the Sick who land there recover their Health quickly It belongs to the English and all the Ships that come from the East-Indies and belong to England do commonly put in and take Fresh Water there In the same Ocean and towards the Cape of Good-Hope are the small Islands of Elizabeth Cornelia and Fera. Beyond that Famous Cape and to the East of Africa in the Indian Sea lies the Isle of Madagascar called also of St. Laurence or of Laurence Armeide who discovered it in the year One thousand five hundred and six on the day of St. Laurence It is one of the greatest Islands in the World containing about Six hundred Leagues in Circuit Two hundred and sixty in Length and in some places an Hundred in Breadth It s Length reaches from North to South from the Eleventh Degree of South Latitude to the Five and Twenteth so that it is almost altogether in the Torrid Zone the Southern end of it being onely without it over which the Tropick of Capricorn passes It is very probable that they who have taken this for the Cerne of Pliny and the Menuthias of Ptolomy are mistaken and that the Ancients never knew it It hath no Towns only Villages beset with Stakes the fairest of which is Fauzaire The Inhabitants have little or no Religion they have neither Temples nor Altars they Fear a God but Worship him not The French have made some Voyages thither and printed Relations of the same There are many little Isles about this of the chief whereof we shall only speak To the East of it are the Isles of St. Mary of Bourbon Maurice and Diego Roiz To the North Gade Agulha and Natal To the West Mohila Camora Mayota Johanna and St. Christophers Near the Coast of Zonguebar is an Island of the same Name having to the South the Isle of Monfia and to the North that of Pemba Near the Cape Guardafuy lies Zocotora with a Town of the same Name This is the Dioscorides of the Ancients it produces the best Aloes and Dragons Blood between this and the said Cape lies another Island called Abba del Curia It is to be observed that the greatest part of Africa is in the Torrid Zone and that the Line cuts it so exactly in the middle that it reaches as far to the South as it does to the North of it that is to the Five and thirtieth Degree of South and North Latitude however the much greater part is to the Northwards The End of the Second Book A NEW GEOGRAPHY The THIRD BOOK AMERICA CHAP. I. AMERICA WE are now come to the New World for so Men hath been pleased to call this Continent which is divided from Europe Asia and Africa because it hath not been knowen to us much above an Hundred and four score years It is held that Christopher Columbus a Native of Genoua first discovered it in the year One thousand four hundred ninety two yet it carries not his Name but that of Americus Vespucius a Florentine who five years after Columbus in the year One thousand four hundred ninety seven discovered Brasile which was the cause that all that part of the World is called America It is likewise called the West-Indies in distinction from the East-Indies in Asia It hath to the East the Sea called the North Sea Mar del Nort to the West the South or Pacifick Sea to the South the Streights of Magellan but its bounds to the North are unknowen to us and we cannot tell whether there be Seas or Lands By the Isthmus of Panama which makes it two Peninsules it is divided into the North and South America In North America and on the North Sea are Estotiland Greenland Terra de Laborador Canada or new France New England Maryland Virginia Carolina Florida New Spain Jucatan Honduras Nicaragua Costarica and Veragua And on the Vermilian Sea Anien Quivira and New Mexico In South America are Golden Castille Guiana Brasile Plata and Terra Magellanica all upon the North Sea and on the South or Pacifick Sea Chili and Peru and Tucuman in the middle CHAP. II. North AMERICA ESTOTILAND Greenland and Terra de Labrador or Laborador have no Inhabitants but Savages who live amongst Ice and Snow with which these Countreys are covered The Reader must not expect Towns here for there are none at all We are only to observe that Greenland is a Countrey lately discovered and that there was another of the same Name which cannot now be found though the Kings of Denmark to whom it belonged have in vain sent Ships in search of it It had Towns with Churches and Monasteries but no body can tell what is become of it whether the passage to it be blockt up by the Ice or that it hath been swallowed up in the Ocean Canada is called New France because the French discovered and planted a Colony in it the chief places thereof are Quebec and Tadoussac upon the great River of St. Laurence New England is a Rich and Flourishing Countrey with many Towns the chief thereof is Boston Inhabited by the English Maryland is Peopled by the King of Great Brittain's Subjects and belongs to the Lord Baltimore who holds it of that Crown Virginia was so called by the English because they discovered it in the time of Queen Elizabeth who was never Married In it is James Town and some others the principal product of this Countrey is Tobacco which from hence is carried into most parts of Europe Carolina is a late Plantation of the English not fully settled as yet New ENGLAND VIRGINIA NEW SPAIN GUIANA New Spain is one of the loveliest Provinces in this New World There stands the City of Mexico which gave the Name to a great Empire whereof Montezuma was the last King Fernando Cortez Invaded it in the year One thousand five hundred and nineteen took that Prince and Conquered his Countrey There are many other Towns in that Countrey the chief whereof are Mechoacan Los Angelos Vera Crux Valladolid and Guatamala Mexico the Capital stands upon a Lake it is large and well peopled being the Residence of a Vice-Roy and Seat of an Archbishop Jucatan is a Peninsule on the Bay of Mexico the chief Town whereof is Merida
which remain still The Spaniards have built many there the most considerable of which is Lima on the Sea side with a Port. This is the Residence of a Vicroy and Archbishop The other chief Towns are Arica Arcquipa St. Miguel on the Sea and in the Inland Potosi near the famous Mountain of the same Name wherein are inexhaustible Mines of Gold and Silver La Plata so called for its Silver Mines San Juan del Oro and some others The Original Natives of this Kingdom have for the most part been extirpated by their Conquerors and those that were not were converted to the Catholick Faith so that there are several of them Suffragant Bishops to the Archbishop of Lima. The Countrey of Cinnamon lies betwixt Peru and Guiana it was so called by reason that there were Trees found there whose Bark had a great affinity to the true Cinnamon There are no Towns nor Villages observed there Tucuman is between Chili and the Region De la Plata and hath St. Jago del Estero for its chief Town We must now see what are the Mountains Capes Rivers and Streights of this New World It s chief Mountains are the Andes or Las Cordilleras which lie to the East of Peru. The Ingas caused ways to be cut out in them which surpassed all that the Roman Grandure ever could do They filled up deep Valleys and cut through high Rocks the remains of which prodigious Works are still to be seen In Mexico the Mount Popochampeche continually casts out Flames The most famous Capes are Cape Breton Cape Florida the North Cape and that of St. Augustin It s greatest Rivers are that of St. Lawrence in Canada of the Holy Ghost in Florida Oranoka Maragnon the River of Amazones and Rio de la Plata in South America all which run into the North Sea no considerable Rivers fall into the South Sea The most noted Streights are towards the North those of Davies and Hudson towards the South the Streights of Magellan Le Maire and Brouvers of which we shall speak after that we have considered the Islands that lie about this Continent CHAP. IV. The Isles of AMERICA WE shall in the first place view the Isles of the North Sea which are the most considerable for there are but very few in the South Sea and we shall proceed from North to South New-Foundland is an Island near the Bay of St. Lawrence and Land of Canada upon the Banks of which there is a great Cod-fishing The Isles of Assumption is in the Bay of St. Lawrence and the Sandy Island to the South of New-foundland The Bermudas are in the middle of the Ocean and the Bahaman Islands to the East of Florida Cuba lies to the South of them and upon the Mouth of the Bay of Mexico it is above Two hundred Leagues in length and about Threescore in breadth St. Jago is its chief City and an Episcopal Seat Next to that is the Havana where the Spanish Flota Rendevouze and meets on their return homeward from America it lies on the West of the Island and almost opposite to Cape Florida Hispaniola called likewise St. Domingo and by the Natives Haity is about Three hundred Leagues in circumference and lies Eastward from Cuba The Capital City which gives it the Name is St. Domingo the Residence of a Viceroy and Seat of an Archbishop The object of Avarice is found there I mean Gold and Silver Mines The Spaniards have dispeopled these two Islands and banished the Natives as they did from most of the others Jamaica lies South from Cuba and belongs to England the Two chief Towns of it are St. Jago de la Vega otherway called the Spanish Town by whom it was built and Port Royal or the Point built by the English and an excellent Harbour the Governour of the Island resides in the former It is rich and in a flourishing condition St. John de Portorico is to the East of Hispaniola its chief Town which is that of St. John has an excellent Harbour This Island was formerly called Boriquen The Caribbe Islands are to the East of the former and as it were at the Mouth of the Gulph of Mexico which they seem to shut they lie ranked in form of a Crescent and reach from North to South The most remarkable of them are Barbadoes St. Christophers Guadaloupe Dominico Martinico Antego Grenada and the Trinity The English Dutch and French possess most part of them Margareta lies somewhat more Westerly and the Fishing of Pearls which gave it its name renders it famous The Natives of these Islands as in many places of the main Land were Man Eaters or Canibals but at present the greatest part of them are destroyed or forced to seek some other way of living The Isle of Cayenne is near the main Land upon the Coast of Guiana an Island made by the Mouth of a River called also Cayenne The French had settled there and printed Relations of it but in the late Wars the Hollanders dispossessed them and have planted a Colony of their own The Isle of Maranhaon is also at the Mouth of a River that likewise carries the same name The South Sea has very few Islands near to America these are only found there Mocha on the Coast of Chily is an Island of some consideration Califurnia hath been long taken for a Continent but it is at length found to be an Island supposed to be divided from the Land of Jesso by the Straits of Anien and from New Granada by a pretty large Channel which is called the Vermilian Sea The Isles of St. Thomas Nublada and Rocapartida are to the South of Califurnia The Isles of Salomon are in the middle of the South Sea towards the Coasts of New Guinea And now you have Reader what we thought fit to speak of this New World When it was discovered the Inhabitants were either plunged in Idolatry or void of all Religion Of this kind were the People of Brasile Those of Mexico worshiped Idols and Sacrificed Men unto them they plucked out the Hearts of those wretched Victims and threw them at the Feet of their Gods made of Gold and Silver The People of Peru were more moderate in their Worship their Sacrifices were not so cruel they chose for their God the most Glorious of all the Lights of Heaven but they believed him not the Almighty for they assigned a Father and Soveraign to him as well as to all other created Beings and called him as we have already said Pachacamac But it is strange that in all this vast Continent there was no trace of Christianity to be found all of them were ignorant of that yea and of a matter of far less importance though of great use I mean of writing They could not conceive how a piece of Paper could convey the words and thoughts of People at a great distance to one another We may affirm that these Countreys are every way far distant from ours The Beasts Plants Flowers and Fruits are quite different from what are amongst us and the People of Europe imparted theirs to them with the Religion that they profess CHAP. V. The TERRA AUSTRALIS NORTH POLE Betwixt the 30 and 40 degrees of South Latitude and the 210 and 220 of Longitude some late Maps mark a Countrey which they call New Zealand discovered in the year One thousand six hundred and fifty four Under the same Latitude but between the 160 and 170 degrees of Longitude they mark another Land discovered in the year One thousand six hundred and fourty two called Antony van Diemanland Under the same Longitude and the Tropick of Caprioorn they place a Countrey called New-Holland discovered in the year One thousand six hundred and forty four New Guinea is near the Molucca's but it is believed to be an Island and it is not certain whether the Lands we have just now named be Isles or parts of the Continent To the South of the Cape of Good Hope it is supposed that there is Land and some have called it the Land of Parrets They talk of some Kingdoms there but all the knowledge we have of those Countreys is very uncertain for no progress has been made into them some small Touches of the Coast have only been discovered Time and Industry may possibly afford us greater Discoveries CHAP. VI. The Land near the ARCTICK or NORTH POLE. ABout this Pole are Greenland Nova Zembla and Spitzberge with some other Countreys of which we know very little It is certain that some have sailed within Eight degrees of the Pole and it is affirmed that the Hollanders have been under the very Pole but with what truth I shall not adventure to say It is thought by some That about that place America is joyned to the Continent either on the side of Asia or of that of Europe but nothing of it is yet certain It is to be observed that America reaches North to the 70 degree or farther and South to the 52 or 53 degree of Latitude so that it lies partly in the Torrid Zone partly in the North and South temperate Zones and partly in the Northern Frozen Zone Thus Reader I have given you a short and as exact Description of the Earth as I could and have said nothing but what I thought true The little knowledge that we have of the Inland parts of these quarters of the World together with the uncertainty of the Relations of different Travellers made me unwilling to impose upon you for truth those things that I was not well satisfied in my self which has rendred this Treatise possibly more short than the Vast tract of Land it pretends to describe may seem to require FINIS
60 3 31 0 Lindsness 59 0 27 3 Government of Bahus Bahus 58 1 34 0 Daleburg 58 4 34 0 Government of Bergenhus Eye 59 0 26 3 Stavanger 59 5 26 2 Bergen 61 0 26 4 Government of Dronthenhus Boe 64 0 28 0 Dronthem 65 3 32 3 Maelstroom 68 3 32 3 Government of Wardhus North Cape 71 2 48 1 Wardhus 70 5 54 2 Suedeland West Gothland Gotteburg 57 3 33 3 Lidk'oping 58 3 35 1 Scofde 58 3 35 4 East Gothland Linkoping 58 3 38 3 Noâ—koping 58 3 38 4 Soderkoping 58 4 38 3 Isl Oeland Borckholme 57 0 39 0 Isl Gothland Wisby 57 4 41 3 Westermaine Soudermain and firme-Firme-land Nikoping 58 4 39 4 Koping 59 4 39 0 Phillipstad 59 5 36 2 Carolstad 59 3 35 4 Kolen 60 2 34 0 Vpland Stockholm 59 2 40 4 Vpsul 60 0 40 2 Enkoping 59 4 40 0 Gestricie Gevalia 61 0 40 0 Helsinge Dilsbo 62 0 39 1 Madelpaedie Tana 62 0 38 0 Trop 62 1 39 0 Agermain Bote 63 0 40 0 Nord Mating 63 0 42 0 MOSCOVIA Lapland or West Bothinia  Lat. Long. Vma Lapmark 63 3 42 0 Pitha Lapmark 65 3 43 5 Lula Lapmark 65 3 44 2 Torne Lapmark 65 4 46 0 East Bothinia Vlaburgh 65 3 47 0 Cajaneburg 65 1 51 4 Salo 64 4 47 0 Carleby 64 0 45 3 Kyro 63 3 45 0 Finland Abo 60 4 45 4 Bierneburg 62 0 45 0 Gronenburg 61 3 48 3 Niland Raseburg 61 1 47 0 Savolax  Lat. Long. Indisalmi 63 3 50 2 Nislot 51 4 53 3 Caereha     Vakelax 60 4 51 2 Wiburg 60 3 53 2 Kexholm Kidilia 61 3 56 0 Kexholm 61 3 55 0 Ingria Notteburgh 59 5 55 4 Jamagored 59 0 52 3 Livonia Narva 59 0 52 3 Revel 59 3 48 3 Pernaw 58 5 47 3 Derpt 58 3 51 0 Riga 57 1 47 4 Kockenhaus 57 0 49 2 Dunenburgh 56 4 50 2 CHAP. XV. Great Russia or Moscovy THAT Prince whom we call the Great Duke of Moscovy is by his Subjects called Czar which is as much as to say Emperor and he may very well take that lofty Title seeing his State is one of the greatest in Europe and reaches even to Asia and he is so absolute a master of the Lives and Fortunes of his people and his Empire Despotick on the East it is bordered by Tartary the Great on the South by the Lesser on the West by the States of Poland and Suedland and by the Ocean on the North it comprehends Great Russia which is divided into many Provinces Mosco is the Capital City of the State and gives its name to the whole Empire which it receives from a River that washes it it is built of Wood and contains above forty thousand Houses The other remarkable Cities are Sandomiry Molodimer Novogord and many more Upon the White Sea which is a Bay or Gulf of the Northern Ocean are St. Michael Arch-Angel and St. Nicholas at the mouth of the Divina which is one of the greatest Rivers in Russia the other Rivers are the Boristhenes at present the Nieper that falls into the Black Sea the Tanais now called Don which discharges it self into the Palus Maosis or Delle-Zabache The Volga heretofore Rha which having its spring head in that Country after a long Course carries its Streams into the Caspian Sea The Moscovites follow the Religion of the Greek Church A Table of the Longitudes and Latitudes of the principal places in Russia or Moscovia Lapland Moscovites  Lat. Long. Kielit 68 3 58 0 Joskena 68 1 66 1 Cape Cadenus 68 0 72 0 Kenio 65 0 55 5 Dukedoms of Karagopel 62 0 67 0 Dwina     St. Michael Arch-Angel 64 5 67 1 St. Nicholas 65 0 66 3 Lampat 66 0 71 0 Inhorn 68 2 73 4 Condinsky     Koma 62 3 77 2 Petzora 68 2 87 1 Samoides Strait of Wagote 70 0 87 3 Kingdom of Roym de Siberia Tobolska 97 3 65 0 Perma 62 0 84 ½ Oustiough upon Dwina 61 2 73 1 Wologdia 58 4 67 2 Bielaozero 58 0 63 0 Upon Volga R. Gero 57 3 66 1 Nisi Novogord 56 0 75 0 Wasilsgorod 55 3 77 1 Caesan K. 55 3 84 4 Bolgar 54 2 84 5 Astracan R. 46 2 87 3 D. Welodinie 55 4 70 2 D. Sasdale 56 0 65 3 D. Rosthow 57 2 65 1 D. Moskow 55 4 64 4 D. Resan 55 0 69 0 D. Worotin 54 2 63 1 D. Smolensko 54 3 57 2 D. Reskhow 56 0 61 2 D. Tiver 56 4 62 0 D. Novogrod Wiliki 58 0 57 1 Kielit 66 3 57 0 Kaudalax 68 0 59 0 Kola 70 0 57 0 Cape Caudenos 69 2 70 0 Kargapol 62 1 66 0 St. Michael Arch-Angel 64 4 67 0 St. Nicolas 64 4 66 0 Inhera 68 0 76 0 Streight of Waigates 71 0 85 0 Toboska 65 ½ 95 0 Perma 63 2 83 0 Oustiough 61 0 72 0 Wologda 59 3 67 0 Bialaozero 59 0 62 0 Jeroslau 57 3 65 0 Lesser Novogrod 59 0 71 3 Vasili gorod 59 0 73 0 Cazan 58 2 84 0 Bulgar 56 3 36 0 Astracan 49 2 83 3 Wlodimer 58 0 69 0 Susdal 57 1 68 0 Rostow 56 4 64 0 Moskow 55 0 64 3 Rezan 54 4 67 0 Worotin 53 2 64 0 Smolensko 54 0 57 0 Rzowa 56 0 59 0 T wer 55 4 62 0 Greater Novogrod 58 3 57 0 POLAND CHAP. XVI The Lesser Tartary THE States of the Prince of Przecop or of the lesser Tartars lie betwixt the mouths of the Boristhenes and Tanais and in that Peninsule which the Ancients called the Taurick Chersonesus bounded on the East by the Palus Meotis and on the South and West by the Black Seas on the Isthmus thereof stands the City of Przecop which hath given the name of Przecopites to that People and the City of Caffa is its Capital the Streight that joyns the Palus Meotis to the Euxin Sea was heretofore called the Cimmerian Bosphorus and is now termed the Streight of Caffa or Vospero and St. Johns Mouth The Tartars Przecopites are by Religion Mahometans CHAP. XVII The States of the King of Poland THESE States have the Territories of Moscovy on the East on the North those of Sueden and the Baltick Sea on the West Germany and on the South the Carpathian Mountain which divides them from Hungary and Transilvania they comprehend Poland Prussia Lithuania part of Livonia Massovia Podlassia Podolia Volhinia and Russia-Nigra The Capital City of Poland is Cracovia which is the Metropolis of the State the others are Guesn an Archbishoprick Sandomeria and many more less considerable Prussia Regalis belongs to the King of Poland and its chief Towns are Moriembourg and Dantzick which has a famous Port on the Baltick at the Mouth of the Weisel or Vistula Prussia the Ducall belongs to the Marquess of Brandebourg who does homage for it to the King of Poland its Capital City is Koningsberg or
East the Kingdom of Abex and Zanguebar to the South Monoemugi and to the West the Kingdome of Congo and the Countrey of Negro's That vast Tract of Land which makes the Empire of the Abyssins is all in the Torrid Zone and reaches almost from the one Tropick to the other It s length from North to South is Six hundred Leagues The Nile crosses it and forms therein a Famous Island which the Ancients Named Meroe and the Moderns Gueguerre This great State is divided into a great many Kingdoms or Provinces which bear that Name The next to Egypt is the Kingdom of Cansila then streatching Southward these following are to be seen Barnagasso Tigremahon Bagamidri Amara Roxa Narea Zet and several others which I mention not as judging it useless to fill this Description with barbarous Names that are good for nothing The Towns here are mean and inconsiderable having neither beauty nor extent with pitiful Houses built of mud or clay and straw because there is but very little wood or lime in the Countrey Nor hath the King of Ethiopia fixed upon any Town for his usual Residence but goes from Province to Province having all his Court lodging in Tents of which he hath always Five or Six thousand carried about with him in his Retinue This is an odd way of living and yet he is one of the greatest Princes in the World he hath vast and large Dominions great Treasures rich Furniture and can send numerous and strong Armies into the Field He is abusively called Prester John his Subjects call him Adubvegue which signifies Emperour and some Moderns Negus as much as to say Monarch That Powerful Prince and all his Subjects profess Christianity but with some mixture of Jewish Ceremonies for they retain both Circumcision and Baptism Their Priests Marry but yet they have Monks They have a Patriarch who is the Head of their Church whom they call the Abuna and their Country is full of Monasteries CHAP. XVIII The Kingdoms of Monoemugi and Monomotapa THE Kingdom of Monoemugy hath to the North the Empire of the Abyssins to the East Zanguebar and Sofala to the South Monomotapa and to the West Congo Sofala whereof we have spoken depends on it and belongs to the same Prince His other Countreys are inconsiderable and the Towns that are more so are Beif Agag Camar To the Northward of this State rise above the Clouds the high Mountains of the Moon The Inhabitants are almost void of all Religion The Kingdom of Monomotapa hath the last Kingdom we spake of to the North and on all other sides the Countrey of the Caffres The chief City of it and Seat of the Prince is of the same Name it s other Towns are Mogar Mosata and Gale Under it are comprehended the Kingdoms of Toroa Inhambane and Inhamior Its Inhabitants are Idolaters whom the Jesuits labour to convert to Christianity This Rigion is watered with the Rivers of Cuama and Spiritu Sancto These are the more known Regions of Affrica which yet are so little so that what we can say of them deserves not the Name of a Description The chief Mountains are Atlas Sierra-Liona Mount Amara and the Mountains of the Moon The chief Capes thereof are Cape Verd the Cape of Good Hope and Guarda-fuy Its Rivers are the Nile that runs into the Meditarranean after it hath watered Ethiopia and Egypt The Niger that runs through the Countrey of Negres and falls into the Atlantick Ocean near the Cape Verd where it makes many Branches The Zambre that proceeds from a Lake of the same Name runs through the Lake of Zachaf and dividing it self into two Branches one whereof is called Cuama and the other de Spiritu Sancto both whereof are discharged into the Indian Sea and the River Zaire which falls with great Impetuosity into the Ethiopian Sea CAHP. XIX The Isles of AFRICA IN the Miditerranean are first the Isle of Malta the Melita of the Ancients Famous for the Shipwrack of the Apostle St. Paul and the Residence of the great Master of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem which bears its Name It is Seven Leagues Long and Four Broad Its Towns are the Valette the City the Bourg and St. Michael with the Castle St. Elme The Isles of Comin and Comminet Forfora Goze Lampadosa and Limosa belong likewise to the order of Malta The Isle of Pantalarea belongs to the Portuguese and that of Zerbi to the Turks In the Atlantick Ocean are the Canaries that belong to the Spaniards Porto Santo Madera and the Cape De Verd Islands which belong to the Crown of Portugal Porto Santo is near to Madera and in respect of it inconsiderable for Madera is large and fruitful producing good Wines and that Sugar which goes by its Name The chief City of it is Funchall and has a Bishop Suffragant to the Archbishop of Lisbonne The People are Civil and Roman Catholicks The Canaries which the Ancients called the Fortunate Islands because of the goodness of the Air and Soil are to the West of the Kingdom of Morocco they reckon Seven of them that are the chief to wit the Grand Canaries the Isle of Ferro the Isles of Taneriffe Lacerotte Palma Gomera and Fortventura The great Canary which hath given its Name to all the rest and got it from the abundance of Dogs that were found there hath a Town of the same Name which is a Bishoprick The Island of Ferro is considerable for that we have from thence taken our beginning of Longitude it being the most Westerly of these Islands There is here a Tree which so condenses the Air that it furnishes the Inhabitants with Water which is otherwise scarce enough with them Taneriffe is remarkable for a great Mountain which is thought to be the highest in the World called by the Spaniards Pico from thence we have the best Canary Wine The rest are but inconsiderable The Cape De Verd Islands so called because they are opposite to that Cape were known to the Ancients by the Name of Hesperides Gorgoniae and Gorgades The chief of them are Eight to wit St. Anthony St. Vincent St. Luce St. Nicholas St. Jago del Sal Mayo and Fuego That of St. Jago or St. James is the most considerable It hath a City of the the same Name the Bishop whereof is Suffragant to the Arch Bishop of Lisbon It s other Towns are Ribera a great place and much frequented St. Thomas St. Michael and La Praya which is its best Port. The Air of this Island is extreamly bad In the Ethiopick Ocean and near Sierra-Liona are the little Isles of Farellon and Massacoya Somewhat farther in the bottom of the Bay or Bight of Guinea is that of St. Thomas discovered on that Saints day whose Name it bears It is directly under the Equinoctial It s chief Town is Pavoasan Inhabited by the Portuguese The Princes Island is near to the former and was so called because the Revenue thereof was appointed
we can say nothing with any certainty of them These People as well as those of Biledulgerid are Mahumetans and some of them Idolaters CHAP. XIII The Countrey of Negres and Guinea THat Countrey which is called the Countrey of Negres or Nigritia hath on the West the Atlantick Ocean on the North the Desarts of Lybia on the East Egypt Nubia and the Empire of the Abysins and on the South Guinea and the Kingdom of Congo It is about a Thousand Leagues in length and of a very considerable breadth The River Niger waters it and over-flowing like the Nile renders it fruitful It is divided into several Branches whereof the two chief are Senega Gambao or Riogrande which fall into the Ocean near Cape de Verd. That great Countrey is divided into several Kingdoms of which the most remarkable are Genehoa Tombut Senega Gago Gualata Melli Cano Agadez and betwixt the Branches of the Niger the Kingdom of the Jaloffes and Gambea They have generally either given or taken their Names from their chief Towns The People are of different Religions a great many of them are Idolaters and some few are Mahumetans they are subject also to different Princes Guinea hath to the East and North the Countrey of Negres in which some Geographers also place it towards the West and South the Ethiopick Ocean It contains the Kingdoms of Sierra Leona Sabon and Benin It hath no Towns of any note The Coast there is called by several Names as the Grain Coast the Quaqua Coast and the Gold Coast upon which the English Dutch and some other Nations have their Forts and Factories The Natives drive a great Trade with the Europeans who transport yearly into the West-Indies several thousands of these wretched Animals sold to them by their inhumane Lords and sometimes by their own Parents into perpetual Slavery This Countrey abounds in Gold the Natives for the most part are Idolaters and some of them worship their Kings CHAP. XIV The Kingdoms of Congo Cacongo Angola Malemba and Mataman THese Kingdoms are by some Geographers placed in Ethiopia but we distinguish them because under that name the Countrey of the Abyssins is chiefly understood The Kingdom of Congo hath to the East the Empire of Prester John to the North the Countrey of Negres to the West the Ocean of Ethiopia and to the South the Kingdom of Angola It is divided into several Provinces and its chief Town is called St. Salvador Next to that the most remarkable are Panho Batta Sanho Sunde Pemba which take or give their Names to their Provinces The River Zaire that comes from a Lake of the same Name runs through this Kingdom with a Stream famous for its swiftness and breadth That of Coanza makes the Isle of Loanda at its Mouth there is another River likewise called Lelunde In the Northern part of this Countrey there are People called Anzicains who are reported to eat Mans Flesh which is sold in the Shambles as Beef and Mutton with us COAST OF BARBARY From Tanger to Cape Bōn COAST OF BARBARY From Cape Bon to Damieta MALTA LEEWARD Islands SIAM MALACCA and the Indian ISLANDS The MOLVCCA Isles Isles of IAPAN The PHILIPPINE Islands FRANCHE CONNTY SAVOY TERCERA Islands CANARY Islands Islands of CAPE VERD PERU CHILI and MAGELLANICA ZANGUEBAR MONOMOTAPA The Kingdom of Caconga is to the Eastward of the former and there is no Town observed in it That of Angola is to the South of Congo its chief Town is Dongo Here are the Mountains of Cambambe Rich in Silver Mines and Cape St. Mary The Kingdom of Malemba is to the East of Angola and near the Lake Zambre that of Mataman is to the South of it The People of these Kingdoms are Idolaters but the Jesuites daily endeavour their Conversion CHAP. XV. Caffreria Sofala Zanguebar and some other Countreys THE Countrey of the Caffres or Hottentots named Caffreria hath to the East and North Monomotapa to the West and South the Ocean and reaches to the Cape of Good Hope Along the Coasts of it are good Ports No Towns are to be seen here the People are altogether barbarous having neither Laws Kings or Religion Near the Cape of Good Hope the Hollanders have planted a very Noble Colony which supplies in great abundance all Necessaries to their Ships as they go and come from the East-Indies The Kingdom of Sofala is upon the Indian Ocean its chief Town bears its Name and is built in an Island made by the River of Cuama Some Authors take this Countrey for the Land of Ophir whither Solomon sent to fetch Gold for Adorning of that stately Temple which he Built Zanguebar is to the North of it and extends it self upon the Indian Ocean which it hath to the East as far as the Kingdom of Adea which it hath on the North side and the Empire of the Abyssins to the West It comprehends Six Kingdoms to wit Mongalo Mozambique Angothe Quiloa Mombaza and Melinde each of them having a Capital Town bearing its Name The Inhabitants are Idolaters or Mahumetans with some few Christians The Portuguese possess Mozambique and Mombaza with some other places Continuing still Northward and along the Indian Sea we find the Republick of Brave consisting onely in one Maritime Town of the same Name which was pretty Rich before it was sacked by the Portuguese Next we find the Kingdoms of Magadoxo and Adel with their Capitals of the same Name the latter reaches to the Cape Guardafuy and the Streights of Babel mandel which Joyns the Ocean to the Red Sea The Kingdom of Abex is upon that Sea and under the Ottoman Empire It s chief Towns are Arguico Doncale and Suguam all three Maritime If there be any other little States they are so inconsiderable that it is not worth our while to stop and view them just when we are about to consider larger and more Famous Territories in the middle of Africa whereof we have now Surveyed the Confines CHAP. XVI NUBIA NUBIA hath the Nile on the East which divides it from Ethiophia that is likewise to the South of it The Countrey of Negro's on the West and Egypt on the North. Its Metropolis of the same Name is upon the Nile and the others deserve not the Name of Towns being but pitiful Villages The Inhabitants have been Christians and according to some Authors are so still but without any Exercise of Religio of which they retain nothing but the shadow and confused Knowledge CHAP. XVII Ethiopia or the Empire of the Abyssins SOme Geographers divide Ethiopia into the Upper and Lower and under this comprehend the Kingdoms of Congo Angola and some others whereof we have treated and those of Monomotapa and Monoemugi of which we shall speak And under the other they place the Empire of the Abyssins but because this retains particularly the Name of Ethiophia we shall use the same without perplexing our selves about that Division Ethiopia has to the North Nubia and Egypt to the