of_o the_o yearly_a progress_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n from_o place_n to_o place_n in_o family_n and_o tribe_n the_o country_n abound_v in_o date_n the_o food_n here_o of_o man_n and_o beast_n lybia_n lybia_n lybia_n have_v on_o the_o east_n nilus_n on_o the_o west_n the_o atlantic_a ocean_n on_o the_o north_n numidia_n and_o on_o the_o south_n the_o land_n of_o negro_n the_o country_n altogether_o sandy_a barren_a and_o a_o desert_n the_o inhabitant_n altogether_o heathenish_a and_o therefore_o not_o worthy_a the_o conversation_n of_o a_o civil_a merchant_n or_o the_o residence_n of_o any_o commerce_n chap._n xxv_o of_o negrita_n or_o the_o land_n of_o negro_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o negrita_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o this_o land_n of_o blackmoor_n have_v on_o the_o east_n aethiopia_n superior_n on_o the_o west_n the_o atlantic_a ocean_n on_o the_o north_n lybia_n on_o the_o south_n manicongo_n in_o this_o tract_n of_o ground_n be_v account_v twenty_o five_o kingdom_n or_o province_n through_o which_o run_v the_o famous_a river_n of_o niger_n or_o sanega_n in_o who_o overflow_n consist_v the_o welfare_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n even_o as_o in_o egypt_n it_o do_v by_o the_o inundation_n of_o nilus_n for_o this_o as_o that_o increase_v for_o forty_o day_n and_o decrease_v for_o forty_o day_n more_o during_o which_o time_n the_o inhabitant_n fail_v over_o the_o whole_a land_n in_o boat_n and_o barge_n tombutu_fw-la tombutu_fw-la this_o whole_a tract_n principal_o now_o acknowledge_v three_o sovereign_n which_o be_v the_o kingdom_n of_o tombutu_fw-la the_o kingdom_n of_o borneo_n and_o the_o kingdom_n of_o goaga_n each_o kingdom_n give_v name_n to_o a_o city_n the_o principal_a residence_n of_o the_o king_n the_o city_n of_o tombutu_fw-la lie_v beyond_o the_o river_n of_o sanega_n or_o niger_n wherein_o be_v find_v a_o trade_n drive_v by_o many_o french_a dutch_a and_o english_a merchant_n the_o manner_n thereof_o and_o the_o matter_n wherewith_o i_o shall_v hereafter_o as_o well_o as_o i_o can_v particularize_v goago_n goago_n four_o hundred_o mile_n from_o tombutu_fw-la be_v the_o city_n of_o goaga_n wherein_o be_v find_v eminent_a merchant_n and_o precious_a and_o sumptuous_a merchandise_n of_o all_o sort_n borneo_n borneo_n borneo_n be_v the_o three_o the_o inhabitant_n whereof_o be_v better_o verse_v in_o breed_v of_o cattle_n than_o in_o the_o art_n of_o commerce_n and_o better_o read_v in_o mars_n than_o mercury_n thereof_o commodity_n thereof_o the_o commodity_n of_o these_o country_n be_v corn_n sugar_n cattle_n horse_n rice_n fruit_n gold_n in_o sand_n which_o they_o term_v siga_n and_o we_o tibur_n and_o also_o in_o ingot_n without_o sovereign_a stamp_n or_o character_n and_o be_v distinguish_v by_o its_o fineness_n and_o goodness_n which_o the_o inhabitant_n by_o way_n of_o exchange_n do_v barter_n with_o their_o neighbour_n and_o other_o foreign_a nation_n against_o clothes_n linen_n callico_n basin_n of_o copper_n ironwork_n sword-blade_n hand-gun_n glass_n bead_n and_o such_o like_a and_o principal_o against_o salt_n which_o of_o all_o other_o commodity_n this_o country_n be_v most_o defective_a in_o and_o in_o some_o place_n afford_v not_o and_o therefore_o pay_v for_o it_o at_o a_o excessive_a dear_a price_n to_o stranger_n coast_n the_o trade_n of_o guiney_n and_o benin_n and_o the_o golden_a coast_n the_o trade_n of_o all_o this_o tract_n such_o as_o it_o be_v now_o in_o these_o day_n know_v to_o our_o nation_n be_v comprise_v alongst_o the_o sea-coast_n which_o the_o portugal_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o former_a plantation_n here_o and_o rich_a commerce_n have_v entitle_v the_o golden_a coast_n and_o we_o in_o common_a appellation_n term_v the_o trade_n of_o the_o coast_n of_o genin_n and_o benin_n two_o of_o the_o principal_a province_n maritime_a that_o be_v find_v include_v within_o the_o circuit_n of_o these_o three_o beforementioned_a kingdom_n which_o trade_n that_o it_o may_v be_v a_o little_a better_o understand_v i_o shall_v more_o particular_o survey_v according_a to_o some_o observation_n make_v by_o some_o hand_n thereon_o benin_n the_o portugal_n the_o first_o trader_n into_o guiney_n and_o benin_n in_o the_o beginning_n and_o discovery_n of_o this_o maritime_a coast_n for_o thereto_o i_o intend_v to_o apply_v the_o trade_n of_o this_o country_n the_o portugal_n be_v the_o first_o that_o range_v this_o shore_n and_o have_v some_o small_a knowledge_n of_o their_o commodity_n and_o of_o the_o manner_n of_o trade_n with_o they_o who_o partly_o by_o fair_a mean_n and_o partly_o by_o constraint_n get_v foot_v in_o this_o sea-coast_n build_v fort_n in_o some_o and_o place_v garrison_n and_o factory_n in_o other_o which_o then_o be_v find_v so_o golden_a and_o beneficial_a to_o that_o country_n that_o it_o be_v conceive_v this_o only_a thing_n as_o what_o will_v not_o gold_n attract_v draw_v they_o to_o search_v further_o the_o maritime_a coast_n of_o this_o tract_n all_o along_o to_o cape_n bona_fw-la esperansa_n and_o so_o consequent_o thereby_o unto_o the_o east-indies_n fair_o quarter_n and_o courteous_a usage_n be_v then_o perceive_v in_o these_o fort_n and_o town_n thus_o subject_v to_o the_o portugal_n draw_v the_o inhabitant_n and_o countryman_n to_o a_o fair_a and_o ordinary_a commutation_n and_o exchange_v of_o commodity_n with_o they_o which_o according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o that_o kingdom_n be_v maintain_v by_o factor_n appoint_v for_o the_o king_n be_v particular_a account_n in_o every_o port_n and_o town_n as_o if_o he_o intend_v to_o make_v the_o profit_n of_o merchandize_v to_o defray_v the_o charge_n of_o his_o conquest_n and_o garrison_n furnish_v they_o with_o salt_n iron_n tin_n copper_n basin_n knife_n cloth_n linen_n and_o other_o european_a commodity_n receive_v in_o exchange_n partly_o the_o commodity_n proper_a for_o their_o nourishment_n such_o as_o be_v cattle_n corn_n rice_n and_o the_o like_a and_o principal_o commodity_n beneficial_a as_o gold_n itself_o in_o great_a abundance_n both_o in_o sand_n and_o ingot_n melt_v which_o give_v a_o quicken_a and_o life_n to_o the_o further_a discovery_n of_o those_o country_n and_o continuance_n of_o the_o trade_n which_o be_v find_v there_o maintain_v to_o this_o day_n though_o in_o a_o far_o lesser_a manner_n other_o who_o show_v the_o way_n to_o english_a and_o other_o the_o english_a and_o other_o nation_n afterward_o desirous_a to_o share_v in_o this_o rich_a trade_n fail_v within_o a_o short_a time_n likewise_o hither_o and_o because_o they_o have_v not_o such_o place_n and_o fort_n for_o their_o beware_a house_n and_o the_o protection_n of_o their_o person_n and_o good_n therefore_o will_v not_o or_o else_o may_v not_o with_o safety_n land_n their_o commodity_n without_o danger_n of_o the_o falsehood_n of_o the_o portugal_n or_o treachery_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n therefore_o at_o first_o fail_v hither_o be_v compel_v to_o anchor_n alongst_o the_o coast_n near_o to_o the_o best_a town_n and_o of_o great_a concourse_n and_o signify_v to_o the_o inhabitant_n the_o commodity_n they_o have_v bring_v to_o utter_v draw_v at_o length_n by_o their_o fair_a demeanour_n and_o courteous_a usage_n the_o moor_n to_o come_v aboard_o their_o ship_n and_o bring_v their_o gold_n with_o they_o the_o manner_n of_o which_o trade_n as_o be_v different_a from_o any_o other_o country_n i_o shall_v brief_o set_v down_o benin_n the_o manner_n of_o the_o usual_a trade_n of_o guiney_n and_o benin_n in_o the_o morning_n betimes_o have_v for_o the_o most_o part_n than_o the_o wind_n off_o the_o shore_n and_o calm_a weather_n the_o moor_n come_v aboard_o in_o their_o canoe_n and_o scut_n to_o traffic_n some_o for_o themselves_o and_o some_o which_o they_o call_v tolkens_n or_o factor_n for_o other_o who_o carry_v at_o their_o girdle_n a_o purse_n wherein_o small_a clout_n or_o paper_n contain_v sometime_o 10_o several_a man_n gold_n be_v wrap_v and_o lay_v up_o which_o though_o it_o shall_v be_v of_o one_o and_o the_o same_o weight_n and_o goodness_n they_o notwithstanding_o ready_o distinguish_v and_o have_v make_v their_o barter_v for_o cloth_n linen_n or_o the_o like_a at_o noon_n return_v with_o the_o sea-turn_a or_o as_o they_o call_v it_o the_o brise_n again_o to_o the_o shore_n and_o beside_o their_o bargain_n covenant_v these_o factor_n have_v some_o small_a thing_n for_o themselves_o as_o the_o reward_n of_o their_o pain_n by_o way_n of_o brokage_n or_o factorage_n which_o they_o call_v by_o the_o name_n of_o dachio_n benin_n the_o undermine_a trick_n of_o guiney_n and_o benin_n but_o in_o process_n of_o time_n the_o netherlander_n frequent_v this_o coast_n and_o well_o acquaint_v with_o the_o manner_n of_o this_o english_a traffic_n and_o come_v into_o the_o same_o part_n where_o the_o english_a trade_v and_o be_v know_v be_v the_o first_o that_o spoil_v this_o golden_a trade_n partly_o by_o their_o sinister_a deal_n and_o partly_o by_o their_o undermine_a and_o
trade_n of_o moment_n here_o the_o trade_n drive_v here_o by_o the_o dutch_a not_o worthy_a consideration_n beside_o which_o this_o town_n be_v find_v to_o be_v the_o great_a magazine_n of_o all_o persia_n india_n and_o arabia_n commodity_n the_o merchant_n whereof_o come_v hither_o in_o great_a troop_n and_o caravan_n with_o their_o camel_n lade_v with_o the_o rich_a ware_n of_o those_o several_a country_n and_o make_v their_o return_n in_o the_o commodity_n of_o europe_n above_o name_v which_o they_o buy_v and_o barter_n with_o the_o english_a french_a and_o venetian_n which_o here_o have_v their_o residence_n as_o aforesaid_a to_o conclude_v then_o the_o trade_n of_o this_o place_n and_o to_o omit_v nothing_o that_o i_o have_v judge_v proper_a for_o the_o demonstration_n thereof_o i_o will_v insert_v the_o observation_n make_v here_o by_o experience_n in_o the_o weight_n and_o measure_n of_o this_o place_n with_o the_o weight_n and_o measure_n of_o some_o other_o place_n of_o trade_n in_o the_o levant_n place_n the_o agreement_n of_o the_o cantar_n of_o aleppo_n with_o other_o place_n it_o be_v before_o note_v that_o in_o aleppo_n there_o be_v but_o one_o quintar_n account_v as_o the_o common_a cantar_n of_o the_o place_n by_o which_o all_o commodity_n be_v both_o buy_v and_o sell_v yet_o it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v withal_o that_o from_o this_o quintar_n be_v many_o other_o cantars_n derive_v vary_v according_a to_o the_o custom_n practise_v in_o the_o weight_n of_o some_o special_a commodity_n as_o i_o have_v before_o likewise_o note_v now_o this_o cantar_n consist_v of_o 100_o rotolo_n the_o common_a rotolo_n here_o which_o be_v also_o account_v 600_o dram_n though_o as_o i_o have_v there_o observe_v several_a commodity_n be_v weigh_v by_o a_o several_a rotolo_n some_o consist_v of_o 600_o some_o 680_o some_o 700_o and_o some_o 720_o dram_n therefore_o to_o explain_v this_o point_n it_o have_v be_v observe_v that_o the_o common_a cantar_n of_o aleppo_n contain_v 100_o rotolo_n and_o each_o rotolo_n contain_v 600_o dram_n have_v make_v in_o these_o country_n follow_v the_o 100_o rotolo_n of_o 680_o dram_n be_v in_o naples_n 633_o l._n 6_o l._n 8_o ounce_n venetia_n sotile_a 720_o l._n 7_o l._n 2_o ounce_n 2â…”_n saob_n venetia_n gross_a 456_o l._n 4_o l._n 9¾_n ounce_n florence_n 626_o l._n 6_o l._n 3½_n ounce_n genoa_n sotile_a 624_o l._n 6_o l._n 10_o ounce_n sicilia_n 691_o l._n 6_o l._n 10â…”_n ounce_n milan_n 662_o l._n 6_o l._n 7½_n ounce_n place_n the_o agreement_n of_o the_o 100_o pico_n of_o aleppo_n with_o other_o place_n i_o have_v note_v the_o measure_n here_o in_o general_n for_o all_o commodity_n to_o be_v the_o pico_n in_o cloth_n thâ—_n 100_o pico_n have_v be_v find_v thus_o to_o concord_n with_o other_o country_n have_v make_v in_o 100_o pico_n venice_n cloth_n 94_o brace_n venice_n silk_n 100_o brace_n florence_n 107½_n brace_n genoa_n 28_o 1_o â—_o cane_n milan_n 81_o brace_n sicilia_n 31_o cane_n 1_o palm_n and_o thus_o much_o be_v what_o i_o conceive_v needful_a to_o have_v say_v concern_v the_o trade_n of_o this_o famous_a city_n of_o aleppo_n chap._n lxiii_o of_o tripoli_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o tripoli_n in_o syria_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o the_o next_o and_o last_o of_o note_n in_o this_o country_n be_v tripoli_n and_o to_o distinguish_v it_o from_o that_o in_o barbary_n common_o call_v in_o syria_n it_o have_v in_o former_a time_n be_v a_o fair_a town_n and_o enjoy_v a_o fair_a and_o common_a harbour_n and_o now_o ruin_v and_o have_v as_o i_o say_v before_o of_o late_a day_n be_v account_v for_o the_o port_n and_o scale_n of_o aleppo_n where_o our_o ship_n ever_o jade_v and_o unlade_v but_o since_o their_o removal_n to_o scanderone_n it_o be_v of_o little_a commerce_n some_o venetian_n be_v here_o find_v to_o reside_v and_o who_o pick_v out_o hence_o some_o small_a trade_n with_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o country_n who_o afford_v they_o silk_n here_o grow_v some_o cotton_n yarn_n and_o cotton_n wool_n some_o drug_n corn_n and_o other_o commodity_n tripoli_n weight_n of_o tripoli_n their_o weight_n agree_v with_o that_o of_o damascus_n which_o be_v rotolo_n 100_o and_o be_v a_o cantar_n damascino_n which_o be_v venetia_n sotile_a 600_o l._n gross_a 380_o l._n which_o this_o way_n shall_v be_v english_a 402_o l._n but_o it_o have_v be_v find_v to_o yield_v 416_o l_o averdupois_n dram_n 52_o be_v a_o ounce_n ounce_n 12_o be_v a_o rotolo_n which_o have_v be_v find_v to_o be_v 4_o l._n 2_o ounce_n of_o averdupois_n and_o ounce_n 8_o be_v a_o oak_n which_o have_v be_v observe_v to_o make_v out_o 42¾_n l._n averdupois_n tripoli_n measure_n of_o tripoli_n their_o measure_n be_v a_o pico_n be_v somewhat_o less_o than_o 27_o inch_n english_a tripoli_n coin_n in_o tripoli_n their_o money_n be_v general_o the_o same_o with_o all_o turkey_n but_o thus_o account_v asper_n two_o be_v a_o medin_n asper_n 40_o be_v ¼_n r._n â—_o asper_n 160_o be_v a_o r._n â—_o asper_n 140_o be_v a_o dollar_n lion_n asper_n 240_o be_v a_o sultany_n and_o thus_o much_o shall_v serve_v for_o tripoli_n in_o syria_n chap._n lxiv_o of_o palestina_n and_o the_o city_n thereof_o palestine_n palestine_n the_o next_o country_n in_o order_n be_v palestina_n have_v on_o the_o east_n euphrates_n on_o the_o west_n the_o mediterranean_a sea_n on_o the_o north_n phoenicia_n and_o on_o the_o south_n arabia_n this_o country_n have_v so_o often_o change_v its_o name_n that_o it_o have_v be_v call_v by_o six_o several_a name_n 1._o canaâ—…_n 2._o the_o land_n of_o promise_n 3._o israel_n 4._o judaea_n 5._o palestina_n and_o last_o the_o holy_a land_n and_o noâ—_n divide_v into_o four_o part_n galilea_n judea_n idumea_n and_o samaria_n galilea_n galilea_n in_o galilea_n be_v not_o find_v any_o city_n either_o of_o note_n or_o trade_n though_o in_o time_n past_o it_o be_v famous_a for_o many_o as_o bethsaida_n the_o birth-place_n of_o peter_n andrew_n and_o philip_n and_o nazareth_n second_o to_o none_o where_o the_o virgin_n mary_n be_v salute_v with_o those_o joyful_a tiding_n by_o a_o angel_n jordan_n jordan_n in_o this_o country_n arise_v the_o two_o spring-head_n of_o jordan_n jor_n and_o dan_n of_o which_o two_o that_o unite_a river_n do_v derive_v its_o name_n samaria_n samaria_n neither_o do_v samaria_n now_o afford_v any_o city_n of_o commerce_n though_o many_o notable_a place_n be_v there_o find_v in_o the_o flourish_a day_n of_o the_o israelite_n idumea_n idumea_n idumea_n be_v also_o destitute_a of_o trading_n though_o it_o have_v the_o commodious_a seaport_n joppa_n in_o 〈◊〉_d where_o our_o western_a pilgrim_n be_v see_v to_o land_n and_o foot_n it_o to_o jerusalem_n where_o also_o in_o time_n past_a jonah_n take_v ship_v to_o fly_v to_o tarsus_n and_o where_o peter_n lie_v in_o the_o house_n of_o one_o simon_n 〈◊〉_d tanner_n be_v in_o a_o vision_n teach_v the_o conversion_n of_o the_o gentile_n here_o also_o be_v gasa_n where_o the_o persian_n do_v hoard_v up_o in_o the_o greatness_n of_o their_o empire_n the_o custom_n and_o tribute_n of_o their_o westen_n dominion_n take_v what_o i_o find_v in_o trade_n here_o worthy_a observation_n chap._n lxv_o of_o gasa_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o gasa_n and_o though_o trade_n thereof_o gasa_n have_v be_v more_o famous_a and_o beautiful_a than_o now_o it_o be_v and_o renown_v through_o europe_n both_o for_o a_o good_a seaport_n and_o a_o good_a defence_n to_o the_o western_a christian_n in_o their_o waâ—…_n here_o against_o the_o saladin_n and_o sultan_n of_o egypt_n and_o for_o a_o good_a seat_n of_o trade_n but_o all_o these_o good_a thing_n be_v too_o good_a for_o those_o nation_n that_o have_v since_o be_v master_n thereof_o for_o the_o goodness_n of_o the_o port_n be_v spoil_v by_o rubbish_n the_o goodness_n of_o the_o wall_n ruin_v by_o the_o war_n and_o the_o goodness_n of_o the_o scale_n in_o trade_n decay_v by_o the_o neighbour_a town_n situate_v upon_o this_o coast_n it_o be_v seat_v in_o the_o bottom_n of_o all_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n and_o see_v yet_o a_o little_a trade_n by_o the_o benefit_n of_o a_o creek_n capable_a to_o receive_v small_a vessel_n wherein_o the_o venetian_n and_o french_a pick_v out_o some_o trade_n with_o their_o ready_a money_n it_o be_v a_o station_n common_a to_o those_o caravan_n that_o by_o land_n travel_n from_o damascus_n aleppo_n or_o constantinople_n to_o cairo_n and_o so_o back_o again_o and_o these_o caravan_n keep_v their_o settle_a time_n of_o progress_n and_o regress_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o some_o traffic_n here_o maintain_v the_o barrenness_n of_o the_o neighbour_a desert_n drive_v some_o hither_o to_o inhabit_v which_o make_v the_o town_n to_o be_v better_o people_v than_o otherwise_o it_o happy_o will_v be_v thereby_o enlarge_n the_o commerce_n
of_o species_n wherein_o merchant_n be_v observe_v to_o keep_v their_o account_n in_o all_o the_o say_a place_n with_o the_o weight_n and_o measure_n there_o extant_a and_o in_o use_n and_o last_o the_o manner_n how_o the_o par_fw-fr and_o price_n of_o all_o exchange_n in_o the_o say_a place_n be_v settle_v order_v continue_a and_o maintain_v i_o will_v now_o proceed_v to_o the_o particular_n thereof_o make_v my_o entrance_n into_o america_n as_o further_a from_o we_o and_o as_o least_o know_v to_o we_o and_o first_o survey_v the_o trade_n thereof_o according_a to_o my_o propose_a method_n in_o this_o universal_a map_n of_o commerce_n and_o from_o thence_o coast_v through_o africa_n asia_n and_o europe_n conclude_v my_o pilgrimage_n and_o finish_v my_o map_n in_o the_o desire_a port_n of_o the_o city_n of_o london_n of_o america_n and_o the_o province_n thereof_o chap._n xi_o thereof_o america_n and_o the_o province_n thereof_o this_o body_n then_o contain_v in_o this_o universal_a map_n or_o as_o now_o i_o may_v term_v it_o this_o world_n be_v by_o geographer_n divide_v as_o i_o say_v before_o into_o four_o part_n europe_n africa_n asia_n and_o america_n which_o last_o be_v altogether_o unknown_a to_o the_o ancient_n and_o be_v of_o a_o large_a extent_n the_o modern_a have_v divide_v it_o some_o into_o two_o some_o into_o three_o part_n mexicana_n peruana_n magellicana_n and_o each_o of_o these_o part_n be_v find_v to_o contain_v several_a province_n and_o kingdom_n which_o i_o will_v only_o superficial_o look_v over_o thereby_o the_o better_a to_o come_v to_o the_o town_n of_o traffic_n situate_v in_o those_o province_n and_o kingdom_n which_o my_o method_n and_o present_a intention_n will_v enforce_v i_o the_o long_a to_o insist_v upon_o and_o because_o this_o last_o mention_v part_n america_n as_o last_v discover_v be_v least_o know_v unto_o we_o and_o the_o least_o frequent_v by_o our_o nation_n i_o think_v it_o not_o improper_a there_o to_o begin_v to_o delineate_v my_o map_n of_o commerce_n borrow_v herein_o the_o liberty_n of_o those_o navigator_n that_o publish_v their_o card_n leave_v imperfect_a to_o the_o view_n of_o all_o man_n those_o place_n land_n and_o harbour_n which_o have_v not_o be_v full_o discover_v and_o find_v out_o and_o thence_o sail_v homeward_o by_o africa_n and_o asia_n into_o europe_n gather_v in_o each_o country_n as_o i_o pass_v more_o variety_n of_o colour_n to_o adorn_v and_o beautisie_n this_o treatise_n and_o so_o at_o last_o to_o close_v my_o whole_a labour_n and_o finish_v my_o map_n within_o the_o circumserence_n of_o london_n as_o better_v know_v unto_o we_o and_o as_o be_v better_o verse_v in_o their_o several_a manner_n of_o negotiation_n this_o new_a world_n then_o call_v by_o we_o america_n and_o now_o a-days_o pass_v by_o the_o name_n of_o the_o west-indies_n be_v west_n in_o respect_n of_o its_o situation_n and_o india_n in_o respect_n of_o its_o wealth_n be_v at_o first_o discover_v by_o christopher_n columbus_n a_o genoese_a at_o the_o charge_n of_o ferdinando_n and_o isabel_n king_n and_o queen_n of_o castilia_n after_o 63_o day_n sail_v from_o sevil._n then_o second_o by_o americus_n vesputius_n a_o florentine_a at_o the_o charge_n of_o emmanuel_n king_n of_o portugal_n and_o three_o by_o john_n cabot_n a_o venetian_a at_o the_o charge_n of_o henry_n the_o seven_o king_n of_o england_n the_o first_o and_o last_o have_v their_o adventure_n of_o discover_v some_o island_n only_o in_o this_o part_n and_o americus_n of_o the_o main_a continent_n and_o thereby_o gain_v the_o honour_n of_o give_v name_n to_o that_o vast_a circuit_n of_o earth_n which_o since_o by_o sundry_a other_o have_v be_v more_o exact_o discover_v as_o by_o our_o countryman_n drake_n candish_n frobisher_n davies_n willouby_a burrows_n and_o other_o as_o desire_v to_o share_v with_o the_o first_o discoverer_n in_o the_o riches_n and_o wealth_n which_o thence_o spread_v itself_o over_o all_o the_o other_o part_n of_o the_o world_n this_o america_n then_o or_o more_o proper_o in_o honour_n of_o the_o first_o discoverer_n columba_n bound_v as_o i_o mention_v before_o be_v find_v by_o the_o spaniard_n who_o challenge_v all_o this_o large_a territory_n for_o their_o own_o by_o conquest_n to_o be_v divide_v into_o two_o part_n mexicana_n and_o peruana_n of_o which_o brief_o chap._n xii_o of_o mexicana_n and_o the_o province_n thereof_o thereof_o mexicana_n and_o the_o province_n thereof_o mexicana_n contain_v the_o northern_a tract_n of_o america_n and_o comprehend_v these_o distinct_a province_n 1_o mexico_n 2_o quivira_n 3_o nicaragua_n 4_o jucutan_n 5_o florida_n 6_o virginia_n and_o new-england_n 7_o nurembega_n 8_o nova_n francia_n 9_o corterialis_n 10_o estotilandia_n mexico_n mexico_n mexico_n give_v name_n to_o half_a america_n now_o know_v by_o the_o name_n of_o nova_n hispania_n whence_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n style_v themselves_o hispaniarum_fw-la reges_fw-la it_o be_v very_o populous_a before_o the_o arrival_n of_o the_o spaniard_n who_o in_o 17_o year_n slay_v six_o million_o of_o the_o inhabitant_n roast_v some_o cut_v off_o the_o member_n and_o put_v out_o the_o eye_n of_o other_o and_o cast_v they_o live_v to_o be_v devour_v of_o wild_a beast_n to_o which_o place_n now_o be_v find_v no_o trade_n nor_o commerce_n by_o any_o nation_n save_v only_o to_o the_o subject_n of_o this_o king_n and_o to_o such_o only_a as_o be_v know_v for_o natural-born_a spaniard_n though_o at_o first_o the_o same_o be_v grant_v by_o isabel_n to_o the_o native_n of_o castille_n only_o and_o andalusia_n but_o now_o indifferent_o to_o all_o mexico_n commodity_n of_o mexico_n the_o commodity_n that_o this_o country_n be_v find_v to_o afford_v for_o merchandise_n be_v principal_o gold_n and_o silver_n mine_n sugar_n tobacco_n ginger_n tallow_n hides_n and_o some_o spice_n not_o know_v to_o our_o ancestor_n till_o the_o discovery_n thereof_o tree_n metle_v a_o admirable_a tree_n and_o among_o other_o not_o to_o be_v forget_v that_o admirable_a tree_n call_v metle_n which_o by_o they_o be_v plant_v and_o dress_v as_o we_o do_v our_o vine_n have_v 40_o kind_n of_o leaf_n serve_v to_o several_a use_n for_o when_o they_o be_v tender_a they_o make_v of_o they_o conserve_n paper_n flax_n mantle_n mat_n shoe_n girdle_n and_o cordage_n on_o these_o leaf_n grow_v certain_a hard_a prickle_n so_o strong_a and_o sharp_a that_o they_o use_v they_o instead_o of_o saw_n from_o the_o root_n of_o this_o tree_n come_v a_o juice_n like_v unto_o syrup_n which_o be_v sod_a become_v honey_n if_o purify_v become_v sugar_n or_o otherwise_o thereof_o be_v make_v both_o wine_n and_o vinegar_n the_o rind_n roast_v heal_v hurt_n and_o sore_n and_o from_o the_o top-bough_n issue_v a_o gum_n which_o be_v a_o excellent_a antidote_n against_o poison_n this_o country_n be_v divide_v into_o four_o division_n michael_n st._n michael_n the_o first_o be_v nova_n galicia_n the_o chief_a town_n thereof_o be_v call_v saint_n michael_n a_o colony_n of_o the_o spaniard_n sinsonso_n sinsonso_n the_o second_o be_v mechuacan_a one_o of_o the_o best_a country_n of_o new-spain_n abound_v in_o mulberry-tree_n silk_n honey_n wax_n and_o store_n of_o fish_n of_o all_o kind_n the_o principal_a town_n be_v sinsonso_n and_o the_o chief_a havens_n be_v at_o saint_n anthony_n and_o at_o saint_n james_n or_o as_o the_o spaniard_n call_v it_o saint_n jago_n ilascalan_n ilascalan_n the_o three_o province_n be_v gustacan_a the_o chief_a city_n be_v ilascalan_n yield_v for_o beauty_n and_o state_n precedency_n to_o mexico_n and_o none_o other_o in_o all_o these_o part_n the_o principal_a part_n be_v villarico_n a_o wealthy_a town_n as_o the_o place_n through_o which_o all_o the_o traffic_n of_o old_a and_o new_a spain_n do_v pass_v mexico_n city_n of_o mexico_n the_o four_o be_v mexico_n wherein_o that_o famous_a city_n of_o mexico_n be_v seat_v now_o the_o seat_n of_o the_o spanish_a viceroy_n and_o archbishop_n of_o new-spain_n this_o city_n be_v say_v to_o be_v situate_v in_o a_o lake_n upon_o certain_a island_n as_o venice_n do_v every_o where_o interlace_v with_o the_o pleasant_a current_n of_o fresh_a and_o sea-water_n and_o carry_v a_o face_n of_o more_o civil_a government_n than_o any_o other_o in_o america_n though_o nothing_o if_o compare_v with_o any_o in_o europe_n the_o lake_n be_v say_v to_o be_v 50_o mile_n in_o compass_n on_o who_o bank_n be_v find_v many_o pleasant_a town_n and_o house_n also_o it_o be_v say_v that_o fifty_o thousand_o wherry_n be_v see_v here_o continual_o ply_v and_o afford_v such_o quantity_n of_o fish_n that_o the_o same_o be_v worth_a 20000_o crown_n yearly_a the_o city_n of_o mexico_n itself_o be_v six_o mile_n in_o compass_n contain_v 6000_o house_n of_o spaniard_n and_o 6000_o of_o indian_n it_o have_v also_o a_o printing-house_n a_o mint_n and_o a_o university_n and_o some_o church_n of_o
some_o part_n of_o aethiopia_n their_o money_n be_v pepper_n in_o tombutu_fw-la and_o about_o the_o river_n niger_n their_o money_n be_v cockle_n or_o shellfish_n in_o azanah_n their_o money_n be_v porcellette_n in_o bengala_n porcelete_n and_o metal_n together_o as_o in_o china_n they_o use_v porcelette_n for_o money_n and_o in_o some_o other_o place_n of_o india_n paper_n stamp_v with_o the_o king_n seal_n pass_v for_o current_a money_n and_o in_o some_o place_n the_o bark_n of_o certain_a tree_n call_v gelsamora_n and_o in_o congo_n and_o many_o place_n of_o these_o country_n lumach_n and_o in_o angela_n bead_n of_o glass_n and_o such_o like_a in_o many_o other_o place_n benin_n measure_n of_o guiney_n and_o benin_n their_o measure_n for_o length_n in_o cloth_n or_o other_o commodity_n be_v a_o jactam_fw-la which_o be_v account_v with_o we_o 12_o foot_n or_o two_o fathom_n which_o they_o cut_v the_o one_o from_o the_o other_o and_o in_o that_o sort_n sell_v their_o linen_n the_o one_o to_o the_o other_o and_o those_o two_o fathom_n by_o trial_n of_o the_o dutch_a make_v a_o stork_n and_o three_o quarter_n but_o in_o woollen_a they_o never_o measure_v above_o piece_n of_o one_o handful_n broad_a which_o they_o so_o cut_v off_o and_o use_v for_o girdle_n which_o they_o wear_v about_o their_o middle_n and_o sell_v it_o among_o themselves_o in_o this_o manner_n in_o these_o piece_n abovesaid_a and_o use_v no_o other_o kind_n of_o measure_n which_o they_o call_v a_o paw_n which_o be_v ¾_n 1_o d._n english_a account_v the_o manner_n of_o account_v the_o inhabitant_n of_o this_o coast_n at_o the_o first_o trade_n here_o of_o the_o portugal_n be_v very_o rude_a and_o ignorant_a and_o be_v easy_o beguile_v in_o all_o the_o commodity_n which_o they_o sell_v they_o and_o not_o only_o take_v in_o good_a part_n the_o badness_n of_o the_o ware_n they_o receive_v but_o be_v also_o deceive_v in_o their_o measure_n the_o portugal_n by_o this_o mean_n put_v off_o their_o rot_a linen_n rusty_a knife_n break_a and_o patch_a basin_n piece_a kettle_n and_o such_o like_a and_o these_o at_o what_o measure_n value_n weight_n and_o quantity_n they_o please_v for_o their_o gold_n but_o the_o time_n be_v now_o alter_v and_o they_o by_o their_o usual_a suffering_n in_o this_o kind_n by_o the_o portugal_n make_v the_o more_o wary_a provident_a and_o circumspect_a in_o their_o traffic_n with_o the_o english_a french_a and_o dutch_a so_o that_o in_o those_o commodity_n which_o they_o buy_v or_o barter_n either_o for_o their_o own_o use_n or_o for_o merchandise_n they_o be_v find_v to_o have_v as_o good_a judgement_n in_o they_o as_o the_o seller_n themselves_o their_o ignorance_n in_o trade_n may_v be_v judge_v by_o their_o ignorance_n in_o account_v and_o reckon_v for_o when_o they_o have_v pass_v the_o number_n of_o ten_o they_o rehearse_v so_o many_o word_n one_o after_o another_o for_o one_o number_n that_o they_o be_v so_o puzzle_v and_o cumber_v therewith_o that_o they_o can_v tell_v how_o to_o get_v out_o and_o so_o sit_v buzz_v so_o long_o till_o at_o last_o they_o have_v lose_v their_o tale_n and_o forget_v their_o number_n and_o so_o be_v force_v to_o begin_v to_o tell_v again_o but_o since_o they_o begin_v to_o trade_n with_o the_o english_a and_o be_v to_o reckon_v above_o the_o number_n of_o ten_o for_o they_o use_v no_o more_o among_o they_o they_o reckon_v on_o till_o they_o come_v to_o ten_o and_o then_o take_v one_o of_o their_o finger_n into_o their_o hand_n and_o then_o tell_v to_o ten_o again_o and_o then_o take_v another_o finger_n into_o their_o hand_n and_o so_o proceed_v till_o they_o have_v both_o their_o hand_n full_a which_o in_o all_o make_v one_o hundred_o than_o they_o mark_v that_o up_o and_o then_o begin_v to_o tell_v as_o at_o the_o first_o and_o use_v the_o same_o order_n as_o before_o to_o conclude_v this_o traffic_n and_o to_o leave_v this_o coast_n i_o hear_v not_o in_o these_o day_n that_o the_o english_a frequent_v that_o coast_n or_o that_o the_o french_a or_o dutch_a make_v any_o great_a benefit_n thereby_o for_o the_o present_a subtlety_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n perceive_v how_o their_o gold_n be_v seek_v eager_o after_o by_o they_o and_o all_o nation_n can_v now_o adays_o set_v such_o a_o rate_n thereon_o by_o this_o their_o manner_n of_o exchange_n and_o barter_n and_o that_o by_o be_v so_o often_o beguile_v by_o other_o they_o be_v now_o grow_v more_o wary_a and_o circumspect_a in_o their_o bargain_v and_o be_v as_o ready_a to_o beguile_v the_o beguiler_n as_o to_o be_v beguile_v themselves_o for_o they_o look_v now_o narrow_o both_o to_o their_o measure_n and_o the_o goodness_n of_o their_o commodity_n and_o though_o at_o the_o first_o they_o know_v no_o distinction_n of_o christian_n but_o take_v the_o portugal_n and_o all_o white_a man_n to_o be_v of_o one_o nation_n yet_o since_o they_o know_v each_o nation_n and_o be_v acquaint_v with_o their_o particular_a manner_n and_o manner_n of_o deal_v have_v ever_o hitherto_o from_o the_o beginning_n find_v the_o faiâ—est_n and_o squar_a trade_n with_o the_o english_a therefore_o when_o they_o come_v they_o be_v the_o best_a welcome_n to_o they_o and_o speed_n best_o of_o any_o other_o nation_n whatsoever_o with_o they_o trade_n sugar_n trade_n i_o willing_o omit_v here_o to_o speak_v of_o the_o sugar_n trade_n and_o of_o the_o plenty_n of_o sugar_n cane_n grow_v upon_o this_o coast_n the_o king_n of_o bortugal_n here_o in_o certain_a place_n farm_v the_o foal_n trade_n thereof_o to_o certain_a his_o own_o subject_n with_o a_o strict_a proviso_n that_o the_o same_o be_v sell_v to_o none_o other_o but_o to_o his_o own_o subject_n and_o that_o provision_n to_o be_v send_v only_o for_o lisbon_n to_o gain_v a_o great_a custom_n thereby_o impose_v thereon_o therefore_o the_o portugal_n be_v here_o the_o only_a buyer_n and_o engrosser_n the_o inhabitant_n must_v and_o be_v enforce_v to_o fell_v only_o to_o they_o and_o at_o what_o reasonable_a rate_n they_o best_o can_v agree_v upon_o and_o this_o restraint_n of_o this_o commodity_n have_v draw_v the_o dutch_a to_o build_v and_o fortify_v in_o some_o place_n upon_o this_o coast_n as_o now_o of_o late_o they_o have_v do_v at_o mina_n opposite_a to_o the_o spaniard_n where_o they_o be_v at_o continual_a variance_n the_o river_n only_o part_v they_o chap._n xxvi_o aethiopia_n superior_a and_o inferior_a and_o the_o province_n thereof_o superior_a aethiopia_n superior_a aethiopia_n the_o superior_a be_v know_v to_o we_o by_o the_o name_n of_o abasine_a and_o comprehend_v many_o large_a province_n and_o kingdom_n and_o contain_v the_o spring_n of_o three_o famous_a river_n abas_n tâ—…iasis_n and_o nilus_n arise_v out_o of_o the_o lake_n zembre_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n christian_n and_o command_v by_o that_o so_o much_o renown_a emperor_n prester_n john_n superior_a commodity_n of_o aethiopia_n superior_a afford_v for_o commodity_n to_o the_o neighbour_n region_n rice_n barley_n pease_n sugar_n mineral_n of_o all_o sort_n goat_n sheep_n and_o ox_n but_o because_o these_o town_n of_o these_o province_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n in_o land_n they_o afford_v no_o great_a matter_n of_o trade_n and_o as_o little_o know_v to_o our_o nation_n i_o willing_o omit_v they_o chap._n xxvii_o of_o aethiopia_n inferior_a and_o the_o province_n thereof_o inferior_a aethiopia_n inferior_a aethiopia_n inferior_a have_v the_o red-sea_n on_o the_o east_n the_o aethiopian_a ocean_n on_o the_o west_n the_o land_n of_o negro_n on_o the_o north_n and_o the_o southern_a ocean_n on_o the_o south_n common_o divide_v into_o these_o part_n aian_a zanbar_n monomotapa_n caffaria_n monicongo_fw-la aian_n aian_n in_o aian_n be_v upon_o the_o seacoast_n these_o three_o city_n much_o frequent_v by_o merchant_n arar_n zeila_n barbera_n the_o second_o of_o which_o be_v sack_v by_o the_o portugal_n in_o anno_fw-la 1516._o aian_n commodity_n of_o aian_n and_o be_v find_v to_o abound_v with_o flesh_n honey_n wax_n corn_n gold_n ivory_n and_o cattle_n especial_o sheep_n in_o plenty_n zanibar_fw-la zanibar_fw-la zanibar_n contain_v 15_o town_n that_o give_v name_n to_o 15_o several_a kingdom_n quiloa_n quiloa_n the_o chief_a for_o trade_n be_v quiloa_o where_o the_o portugal_n have_v fort_n build_v and_o fortify_v anno_fw-la 1509._o mosambique_n mosambique_n mosambique_n also_o fortify_v by_o they_o soffola_n soffola_n soffola_o which_o for_o the_o abundance_n of_o ivory_n and_o gold_n be_v conceive_v to_o be_v the_o land_n of_o ophir_n to_o which_o solomon_n send_v by_o his_o three_o year_n voyage_n monomotapa_n monomotapa_n monomotapa_n contain_v also_o sundry_a province_n environ_v almost_o round_o with_o water_n and_o abound_v with_o mine_n of_o gold_n account_v to_o contain_v above_o 2000_o quitiana_n manica_fw-la boro_n quitiana_n the_o principal_a be_v three_o monica_n brro_n and_o quitiana_n tooth_n
but_o of_o 600_o only_a the_o ducat_n of_o spain_n have_v 11_o rial_n of_o plate_n and_o every_o rial_n as_o i_o say_v before_o 34_o marveâ—…_n and_o every_o ducat_n 374_o marvedy_n which_o be_v 5_o s._n 6_o d._n english_a the_o rial_n 6_o d._n and_o the_o marâ—…_n less_o than_o our_o farthing_n the_o single_a pistolet_n of_o gold_n 11_o rial_n ¾_n be_v 400_o marvedy_n which_o be_v according_a to_o 6_o d._n a_o rial_n 5._o s._n 10â…›_n esterling_n castilia_n exchange_n in_o castilia_n in_o castilia_n they_o that_o give_v money_n upon_o exchange_n do_v agree_v to_o be_v pay_v in_o ducat_n of_o gold_n 〈◊〉_d their_o worth_n in_o gold_n or_o silver_n for_o if_o they_o shall_v not_o do_v so_o they_o shall_v be_v pay_v in_o base_a 〈◊〉_d neigh_v which_o will_v prove_v to_o be_v more_o than_o five_o per_fw-la cent_n loss_n the_o order_n of_o the_o fair_n in_o 〈◊〉_d be_v thus_o castilia_n fair_n of_o castilia_n the_o first_o be_v the_o fair_a of_o may_n and_o be_v make_v in_o medino_n del_fw-it campo_n and_o begin_v the_o first_o of_o 〈◊〉_d and_o last_v 50_o day_n the_o second_o be_v the_o fair_a of_o august_n and_o be_v make_v in_o medina_n di_fw-it riosecco_fw-it and_o begin_v the_o first_o 〈◊〉_d august_n and_o last_v 30_o day_n the_o three_o be_v the_o fair_a of_o october_n make_v in_o medina_n del_fw-it campo_n and_o begin_v the_o first_o of_o november_n last_v 50_o day_n the_o four_o be_v the_o fair_a of_o villa_n lion_n begin_v the_o first_o day_n of_o lent_n and_o last_v twenty_o dayâ—_n but_o be_v no_o fair_a of_o exchange_n the_o time_n expire_v there_o may_v no_o good_n be_v sell_v nor_o payment_n make_v upon_o pain_n of_o forfeiture_n of_o the_o good_n and_o money_n and_o it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o the_o lâ—ters_n be_v there_o fifteen_o day_n before_o the_o time_n payment_n the_o payment_n the_o payment_n upon_o all_o the_o fair_n they_o make_v in_o banco_n not_o say_v forth_o and_o they_o be_v to_o recâ—…in_v ducat_n de_fw-fr oro_fw-la in_fw-la oro_fw-la largo_fw-la and_o forth_o of_o banco_n where_o they_o say_v forth_o of_o banco_n and_o 〈◊〉_d ready_a money_n there_o be_v get_v thereby_o one_o per_n cent_n and_o when_o they_o say_v ducat_n of_o gold_n or_o 〈◊〉_d worth_n it_o be_v understand_v in_o marvedy_n 375_o for_o a_o ducat_n and_o when_o they_o say_v forth_o of_o the_o fair_a 〈◊〉_d understand_v for_o ready_a money_n and_o this_o shall_v suffice_v to_o have_v say_v of_o castilia_n in_o general_a and_o a_o for_o the_o custom_n and_o manner_n of_o their_o exchange_n here_o practise_v see_v the_o chapter_n 426_o of_o the_o fachange_n of_o spain_n at_o the_o end_n of_o this_o tract_n portugal_n portugal_n in_o portugal_n once_o a_o famous_a kingdom_n and_o the_o rather_o for_o the_o fortunate_a discovery_n make_v in_o the_o eastern_a indies_n by_o the_o inhabitant_n there_o be_v many_o fair_a town_n of_o trading_n but_o all_o of_o theâ—_n give_v precedency_n to_o lisbon_n the_o metropolis_n of_o this_o kingdom_n i_o shall_v willing_o therefore_o 〈◊〉_d the_o rest_n and_o enlarge_v myself_o thereupon_o portugal_n commodity_n of_o portugal_n the_o general_a commodity_n this_o country_n abound_v be_v be_v these_o honey_n wine_n oil_n alum_n fruit_n fish_n white_a marble_n salt_n etc._n etc._n and_o those_o many_o other_o commodity_n that_o it_o be_v now_o in_o great_a abundance_n find_v to_o yield_v be_v the_o proper_a commodity_n of_o the_o east-indies_n such_o as_o be_v pepper_n cloves_n sugar_n nutmeg_n ginger_n cotton_n calliâ—…_n the_o gem_n of_o india_n the_o spice_n and_o drug_n of_o arabia_n and_o the_o silk_n and_o fabric_n of_o persia_n and_o china_n which_o though_o here_o to_o be_v have_v yet_o i_o have_v here_o omit_v the_o mention_v as_o not_o be_v the_o native_a commodity_n of_o portugal_n chap._n cxvii_o of_o libon_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o lisbon_n and_o trade_n thereof_o lisbon_n be_v account_v to_o be_v seven_o mile_n in_o compass_n and_o to_o contain_v 20000_o family_n have_v 67_o tower_n upon_o the_o wall_n and_o 22_o gate_n to_o the_o seaward_o and_o 16_o to_o the_o continent_n it_o be_v seat_v upon_o the_o river_n tagus_n account_v most_o famous_a and_o commodious_a for_o traffic_n and_o commerce_n from_o hence_o the_o portugal_n set_v out_o to_o the_o east_n indies_n and_o hither_o do_v return_v again_o with_o all_o those_o spice_n drug_n and_o other_o the_o rich_a merchandise_n which_o east-india_n arabia_n persia_n and_o china_n do_v afford_v at_o the_o entrance_n of_o the_o river_n duero_n stand_v porto_n also_o a_o town_n of_o good_a trade_n where_o the_o galiy_v use_v in_o time_n past_a to_o land_n the_o merchandise_n and_o therefore_o be_v call_v porta_n gallorum_n by_o which_o mean_v some_o author_n do_v infer_v the_o whole_a country_n take_v its_o name_n of_o portugal_n but_o to_o proceed_v to_o lisbon_n i_o will_v note_v what_o i_o have_v observe_v thereupon_o in_o matter_n of_o traffic_n according_a to_o my_o propose_a theme_n portugal_n coin_n of_o portugal_n the_o coin_n in_o portugal_n find_v current_n be_v these_o a_o croisado_n of_o gold_n be_v worth_a 400_o reas._n a_o ducat_n of_o portugal_n be_v 10_o real_n which_o be_v 400_o reas_n which_o be_v five_o shilling_n sterl_n a_o rial_n be_v 40_o res_n or_o 6_o d._n sterling_a a_o mill_n reas_n be_v 22_o rial_n a_o testoon_n be_v 2½_n rial_n or_o 100_o res_n or_o 15_o d._n sterl_n a_o vintin_n be_v 20_o res_n or_o 3_o d._n sterling_a a_o mirle_n of_o gold_n be_v 1000_o res_n which_o be_v 2½_n ducat_n a_o single_a rial_n spanish_n be_v 2_o vintins_n or_o 4_o res._n portugal_n weight_n of_o portugal_n their_o weight_n be_v these_o a_o small_a and_o a_o great_a the_o great_a cantar_n be_v divide_v into_o four_o rove_n and_o each_o root_n be_v 32_o real_n which_o be_v 128_o l._n at_o 14_o ounce_n per_fw-la l._n which_o have_v be_v find_v to_o make_v in_o florence_n 149_o l._n their_o small_a quintar_n for_o pepper_n and_o ginger_n be_v near_o 112_o l._n english_a the_o rove_n or_o quatern_n be_v 2d_o l._n the_o great_a quintal_n hold_v 15_o in_o 16_o per_fw-la cent_n more_o than_o the_o english_a 112_o l._n the_o king_n have_v a_o quintar_n for_o his_o contractation_n house_n to_o sell_v the_o spice_n of_o india_n by_o which_o be_v 150_o l._n of_o florence_n and_o be_v about_o 114_o l._n english_a the_o great_a cantar_n of_o lisbon_n make_v in_o florence_n 170â…“_n or_o 130_o l._n english_a but_o all_o fine_a good_n be_v by_o custom_n of_o the_o place_n to_o be_v sell_v by_o the_o say_a kings-beam_n these_o observation_n upon_o 100_o l._n small_a of_o lisbon_n have_v be_v make_v in_o and_o yield_v the_o 100_o l._n small_a of_o lisbon_n do_v yield_v in_o london_n 113½_n li._n marselia_n 126½_n l._n venetia_n sotile_a 168½_n  _fw-fr venetia_n gross_a 106_o 3_o â—_o  _fw-fr sicilia_n 63¼_n  _fw-fr florence_n 149¼_n  _fw-fr antwerp_n 107¾_n  _fw-fr lion_n 119_o â—_o â—_o  _fw-fr sevil_n 110¾_n  _fw-fr dantzick_n 130½_n  _fw-fr genoa_n 162._o  _fw-fr aleppo_n 23_o rial_n aleppo_n silk_n 24_o 6._o  _fw-fr irip._n soria_n 27_o 6._o  _fw-fr irip._n barbaria_n 98_o l._n baruti_fw-la 22._o  _fw-fr alex._n zera_n 51_o 3._o  _fw-fr alex._n forsia_n 117_o 6._o  _fw-fr seio_n 102_o 10._o  _fw-fr constantinople_n 93_o 6._o  _fw-fr rhodes_n 20_o 7._o  _fw-fr acria_n 18_o 3._o  _fw-fr babilonia_n 15_o 10_o ma._n balsera_n 4_o 5½_n ma._n ormus_n 113._o  _fw-fr which_o for_o trial_n i_o refer_v to_o the_o experience_a portugal_n measure_n of_o length_n in_o portugal_n their_o measure_n of_o length_n dry_a and_o liquid_a here_o use_v be_v these_o first_o their_o measure_n of_o cloth_n be_v the_o coveda_n which_o be_v near_a ¾_n of_o a_o english_a yard_n the_o measure_n linen_n be_v the_o vare_fw-la and_o iâ—_n a_o ell_n less_o nail_n of_o the_o english_a measure_n by_o which_o may_v be_v make_v the_o computation_n for_o other_o country_n and_o by_o some_o find_v to_o be_v 8_o per_fw-la centum_fw-la less_o portugal_n of_o corn_n in_o portugal_n the_o measure_n of_o corn_n be_v the_o alquier_n three_o alquier_n be_v a_o bushel_n 1½_n be_v 8_o gallon_n winchester_n measure_n and_o five_o alquier_n be_v a_o hannep_n of_o spanish_a measure_n portugal_n of_o salt_n in_o portugal_n the_o measure_n of_o salt_n be_v call_v the_o muy_fw-es and_o 60_o alquier_n make_v a_o muy_fw-es and_o 2_o muye_n and_o 15_o alquier_n be_v a_o tun_n of_o bristol_n water-measure_n which_o be_v 10_o gallon_n winchester_n and_o 40_o of_o those_o measure_n do_v make_v a_o tun._n note_v that_o 4½_n alquier_v of_o lisbon_n make_v a_o fanega_n or_o hannep_v in_o andalusia_n by_o some_o observation_n which_o fanega_n be_v 2_o staios_n and_o somewhat_o more_o of_o florence_n in_o such_o manner_n that_o a_o staâ—…_n oâ—_n florence_n may_v be_v account_v half_o a_o fanega_n
of_o some_o of_o the_o late_a king_n of_o england_n to_o their_o own_o subject_n for_o their_o encouragement_n in_o trade_n and_o their_o general_a inclination_n thereto_o so_o they_o in_o themselves_o have_v be_v chief_o want_v to_o themselves_o and_o have_v suffer_v a_o loss_n to_o fall_v insensible_o upon_o they_o that_o have_v be_v the_o great_a ruin_n of_o their_o traffic_n comprise_v within_o mystery_n the_o of_o these_o their_o new_a impost_n and_o the_o decay_n of_o the_o ship_n and_o navigator_n which_o that_o prince_n must_v ever_o careful_o avoid_v that_o will_v have_v his_o country_n and_o subject_n thrive_v thereby_o and_o have_v now_o lose_v all_o their_o trade_n to_o all_o other_o place_n the_o dominion_n of_o the_o great_a turk_n only_o except_v their_o ship_n and_o galley_n be_v decay_v and_o their_o mariner_n flee_v from_o they_o some_o spark_n be_v see_v yet_o to_o remain_v but_o the_o great_a fire_n of_o their_o mighty_a traffic_n be_v extinguish_v it_o will_v not_o be_v needful_a for_o i_o to_o rake_v the_o ash_n and_o observe_v further_o that_o little_a coal_n that_o be_v yet_o rest_v unconsume_v among_o they_o chap._n clix_o of_o florence_n and_o the_o city_n of_o that_o kingdom_n thereof_o florence_n and_o the_o province_n thereof_o the_o dukedom_n of_o florence_n contain_v the_o great_a part_n of_o tuscany_n and_o now_o may_v be_v say_v to_o be_v comprehend_v under_o the_o signiory_n of_o the_o great_a duke_n with_o the_o republic_n of_o pisa_n and_o sienna_n the_o principal_a marine_a port_n whereof_o be_v leghorn_n which_o may_v be_v account_v the_o best_a and_o one_o of_o the_o great_a town_n of_o trade_n in_o all_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n not_o only_o thus_o continue_v and_o preserve_v by_o the_o industry_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n alone_o but_o of_o other_o nation_n which_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o great_a immunity_n and_o privilege_n of_o this_o place_n and_o the_o freedom_n give_v to_o stranger_n and_o merchant_n and_o principal_o because_o all_o sort_n of_o merchandise_n may_v be_v here_o land_v free_a of_o all_o custom_n duty_n and_o impost_n this_o scale_n be_v grow_v to_o that_o height_n that_o it_o be_v famous_a throughout_o all_o the_o mediterranean_a and_o ocean_n sea_n in_o this_o republic_n i_o find_v only_o four_o city_n of_o consequence_n that_o challenge_n in_o matter_n of_o commerce_n my_o observation_n which_o be_v florence_n itself_o the_o principal_a city_n of_o this_o dukedom_n next_o sienna_n than_o pisa_n and_o last_o the_o above_o mention_v town_n of_o leghorn_n tuscany_n commodity_n of_o tuscany_n these_o country_n afford_v for_o merchandise_n some_o marble_n rice_n wines_n oil_n quantity_n of_o silk_n both_o raw_a and_o wrought_v in_o stuff_n famous_a for_o their_o fabric_n throughout_o europe_n as_o satin_n taffeta_n velvet_n grogram_n plush_n and_o the_o like_a call_v common_o of_o florence_n from_o england_n be_v here_o vend_v pepper_n cloves_n mace_n indigo_n calico_n as_o be_v east-india_n commodity_n and_o lead_v tin_n clothâ—_n bays_n serges_n perpetuano_n as_o native_a and_o the_o english_a also_o bring_v hither_o herring_n white_a and_o red_a pickle_a salmon_n newland_n fish_n pilchard_n calves-skin_n and_o many_o other_o commodity_n merchant_n the_o duke_n of_o florence_n a_o great_a merchant_n the_o duke_n of_o florence_n have_v ever_o be_v find_v to_o be_v a_o great_a lover_n of_o merchant_n and_o merchandize_v and_o be_v conceive_v to_o be_v at_o this_o day_n the_o great_a merchant_n in_o europe_n forget_v not_o that_o his_o ancestor_n do_v raise_v themselves_o by_o traffic_n to_o the_o greatness_n and_o height_n he_o now_o do_v hold_v and_o to_o this_o end_n be_v find_v in_o leghorn_n a_o stock_n proper_o run_v in_o trade_n for_o his_o account_n which_o be_v employ_v in_o traffic_n as_o occasion_n of_o profit_n upon_o merchandise_n do_v present_v itself_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o great_a duke_n of_o tuscany_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o cosmi_fw-la the_o second_o be_v the_o first_o duke_n of_o florence_n that_o have_v the_o title_n of_o great_a duke_n of_o tuscaâ—y_n confer_v upon_o he_o be_v crown_v in_o the_o court_n of_o rome_n with_o that_o title_n give_v to_o he_o and_o his_o heir_n for_o ever_o by_o pope_n pius_n the_o five_o in_o the_o year_n 1570._o since_o which_o the_o great_a duke_n successor_n have_v desire_v of_o succeed_a pope_n the_o title_n of_o king_n but_o it_o have_v be_v always_o obstruct_v by_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n who_o will_v endure_v no_o king_n in_o italy_n but_o himself_o and_o refuse_v by_o the_o pope_n as_o too_o lordly_a a_o title_n this_o duke_n and_o his_o predecessor_n have_v ever_o be_v find_v to_o be_v great_a lover_n of_o merchant_n and_o merchandize_v know_v that_o his_o predecessor_n raise_v themselves_o by_o traffic_n to_o the_o greatness_n he_o now_o do_v hold_v his_o territory_n be_v separate_v on_o the_o east_n from_o the_o land_n of_o the_o church_n by_o the_o river_n pisco_n on_o the_o west_n from_o the_o commonwealth_n of_o genoa_n by_o the_o river_n macra_n on_o the_o north_n from_o romandiola_n and_o marca_n anconitano_n by_o the_o apennine_a hill_n be_v bound_v on_o the_o south_n by_o the_o tyrrhenian_a sea_n be_v about_o 260_o mile_n in_o length_n and_o in_o some_o place_n as_o much_o in_o breadth_n the_o country_n between_o florence_n and_o leghorn_n be_v about_o fifty_o mile_n be_v full_a of_o spacious_a field_n and_o fruitful_a valley_n here_o and_o there_o a_o pleasant_a mountain_n equalize_v they_o for_o fertility_n abundant_o furnish_v with_o all_o sort_n of_o delicious_a wine_n and_o beautify_v with_o many_o delicate_a city_n and_o town_n and_o in_o a_o word_n plentiful_o store_v with_o all_o the_o benediction_n of_o nature_n the_o inhabitant_n profess_v the_o reman_n catholic_n religion_n and_o be_v govern_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n the_o great_a dukeâ—_n dominion_n may_v be_v fit_o divide_v into_o four_o part_n viz._n the_o city_n and_o territory_n first_o of_o florence_n 2._o pisa_n 3._o sienna_n 4._o and_o last_o the_o island_n situate_v in_o the_o tyrrhenian_a sea_n the_o estate_n of_o florence_n take_v up_o the_o north_n part_n of_o the_o great_a duke_n dominion_n be_v bound_v on_o the_o south_n by_o the_o territory_n of_o pisa_n and_o sienna_n and_o on_o the_o north_n with_o the_o apennine_a hill_n so_o call_v from_o florence_n the_o principal_a city_n for_o beauty_n and_o trade_n within_o this_o territory_n nicholas_n machiavelli_n that_o unhappy_a man_n be_v once_o secretary_n to_o the_o duke_n of_o florence_n who_o but_o for_o publish_v that_o which_o be_v frequent_o practise_v by_o prince_n have_v entail_v a_o edium_fw-la upon_o his_o name_n for_o aught_o any_o know_v to_o all_o posterity_n but_o to_o our_o business_n next_o to_o be_v handle_v which_o be_v the_o description_n and_o trade_n of_o florence_n chap._n clx_o of_o florence_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o florence_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o the_o city_n of_o florence_n be_v seat_v near_o the_o confluence_n of_o the_o two_o river_n arne_n and_o chian_a and_o be_v a_o very_a fair_a city_n and_o abound_v with_o public_a and_o private_a building_n of_o great_a beauty_n and_o therefore_o by_o some_o suppose_a to_o be_v call_v florentia_n à _fw-la situ_fw-la florenti_fw-la it_o be_v in_o compass_n six_o mile_n and_o be_v the_o residence_n of_o the_o duke_n who_o here_o have_v a_o sumptuous_a palace_n the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o trade_n thereof_o do_v consist_v in_o fabric_n of_o silk_n that_o here_o be_v make_v and_o be_v hence_o proper_o call_v and_o in_o the_o exchange_n here_o be_v use_v and_o practise_v by_o banker_n for_o all_o part_n of_o europe_n the_o inhabitant_n have_v lose_v the_o honour_n of_o merchandize_v which_o ancient_o they_o have_v when_o eminent_a factor_n from_o hence_o be_v send_v into_o flanders_n and_o england_n and_o to_o other_o country_n to_o reside_v who_o manage_v a_o very_a great_a trade_n now_o total_o decay_v what_o i_o have_v find_v from_o other_o or_o observe_v myself_o 1619._o when_o i_o be_v here_o i_o shall_v set_v down_o for_o the_o present_a occurrence_n of_o the_o place_n florence_n account_n in_o florence_n the_o merchant_n do_v here_o keep_v their_o account_n in_o livre_n sell_v and_o denier_n 12_o denier_n make_v a_o sol_fw-mi and_o 20_o sol_n a_o livre_fw-fr and_o other_o again_o in_o crown_n sol_fw-la and_o denier_n of_o gold_n of_o liures_fw-fr 7½_n per_fw-la crown_n account_v 12_o denier_n to_o a_o sol_fw-mi and_o 20_o sol_n to_o a_o crown_n but_o all_o their_o commodity_n be_v sell_v by_o laures_n sold_n and_o denier_n of_o their_o money_n and_o to_o reduce_v livre_n into_o crown_n multiply_v by_o 2_o and_o divide_v by_o 15_o because_o 15_o half_a livre_n make_v a_o crown_n and_o to_o reduce_v the_o say_v livre_n into_o ducat_n 1_o 7_o be_v to_o be_v take_v florence_n coin_n current_a in_o
a_o coal_n wonderful_a in_o nature_n as_o kindle_v by_o water_n and_o quench_v by_o oil._n zutphen_n zutphen_n zutphen_n be_v the_o next_o earldom_n be_v only_o a_o town_n seat_v on_o the_o river_n issel_n of_o good_a strength_n take_v from_o the_o spaniard_n anno_fw-la dom._n 1590._o at_o the_o siege_n whereof_o be_v slay_v that_o honourable_a knight_n sir_n philip_n sidney_n of_o who_o be_v say_v digna_fw-la legi_fw-la scribis_fw-la facis_fw-la &_o dignissima_fw-la scribi_fw-la scripta_fw-la probant_fw-la doctum_fw-la te_fw-la tua_fw-la facta_fw-la probum_fw-la thou_o write_v thing_n worthy_a read_n and_o do_v do_v thing_n that_o be_v even_o most_o worthy_a writing_n too_o thy_o work_n thy_o learning_n praise_n thy_o deed_n thy_o goodness_n raise_v holland_n holland_n the_o next_o earldom_n be_v holland_n in_o circuit_n 180_o miles_n no_o part_n of_o which_o be_v distant_a from_o the_o sea_n three_o hour_n journey_n and_o comprehend_v 400_o village_n and_o 23_o to_n dort_n dort_n the_o chief_a whereof_o be_v dort_n where_o anno_fw-la 1618._o be_v hold_v a_o national_a synod_n against_o the_o arminian_o harlem_n harlem_n second_o harlem_n where_o printing_n be_v invent_v three_o leyden_n a_o university_n consist_v of_o 41_o island_n to_o which_o there_o be_v passage_n partly_o by_o boat_n but_o principal_o by_o 40_o wooden_a bridge_n and_o by_o 110_o of_o stone_n the_o rarity_n whereof_o be_v the_o first_o city_n of_o consequence_n i_o note_v in_o these_o part_n anno_fw-la 1625._o i_o can_v not_o choose_v then_o but_o admire_v and_o here_o in_o this_o town_n be_v a_o castle_n say_v to_o be_v build_v by_o hengist_n the_o saxon_a at_o his_o return_n out_o of_o england_n if_o their_o story_n may_v be_v credit_v delft_n delft_n the_o next_o town_n be_v delft_n a_o place_n of_o residence_n for_o the_o merchant-adventurer_n of_o england_n where_o i_o be_v anno_fw-la 1625_o admit_v into_o that_o society_n who_o welfare_n i_o be_o bind_v to_o desire_v and_o who_o prosperity_n i_o wish_v may_v still_o increase_v and_o though_o these_o citizen_n have_v since_o upon_o some_o discontent_n force_v they_o to_o remove_v to_o rotterdam_n yet_o consider_v the_o town_n be_v compose_v altogether_o of_o brewer_n and_o that_o man_n so_o qualify_v be_v apt_a to_o forget_v themselves_o it_o may_v be_v imagine_v they_o have_v since_o sleep_v upon_o it_o and_o will_v peradventure_o regain_v their_o company_n at_o a_o great_a charge_n than_o can_v by_o any_o but_o by_o their_o wisdom_n be_v imagine_v alkmer_n alkmer_n the_o next_o be_v alkmer_n famous_a for_o the_o defeat_n which_o the_o duke_n d'alva_fw-la receive_v before_o it_o to_o his_o great_a loss_n of_o reputation_n and_o to_o this_o city_n honour_n rotterdam_n rotterdam_n the_o next_o be_v rotterdam_n famous_a for_o the_o birth_n of_o erasmus_n and_o note_v for_o lover_n of_o the_o english_a traffck_n in_o give_v late_o free_a and_o worthy_a privilege_n to_o the_o merchant-adventurer_n of_o england_n who_o from_o delft_n late_o remove_v hither_o to_o reside_v to_o the_o future_a prejudice_n of_o those_o brewer_n amsterdam_n amsterdam_n last_o amsterdam_n have_v now_o the_o honour_n of_o all_o these_o country_n for_o matter_n of_o commerce_n and_o traffic_n it_o have_v raise_v itself_o to_o that_o height_n of_o trade_n by_o the_o industry_n policy_n and_o wealth_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n that_o 1000_o sail_n of_o ship_n have_v be_v see_v at_o one_o tide_n to_o go_v in_o and_o out_o and_o as_o one_o of_o their_o own_o have_v it_o quod_fw-la tagus_n atque_fw-la hemus_n vehit_fw-la &_o pactolus_n in_o unum_fw-la vere_n hunc_fw-la congestum_fw-la dixeris_fw-la esse_fw-la locum_fw-la what_o tagus_n hemus_n and_o pactolus_n bear_v you_o will_v conjecture_v to_o be_v heap_v up_o here_o now_o for_o the_o manner_n and_o matter_n of_o their_o traffic_n i_o shall_v note_v the_o same_o such_o as_o i_o have_v observe_v it_o at_o my_o residency_n there_o in_o 1625_o abovementioned_a chap._n clxiii_o of_o amsterdam_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o thereof_o amsterdam_n and_o the_o trade_n thereof_o amsterdam_n be_v now_o by_o the_o late_a addition_n of_o the_o new_a to_o the_o old_a a_o fair_a city_n strong_a and_o beautiful_a the_o river_n tay_n flow_v like_o a_o large_a and_o calm_a sea_n on_o the_o north-side_n thereof_o and_o the_o river_n amster_n of_o which_o and_o the_o word_n damn_v this_o city_n be_v name_v run_v from_o the_o south_n through_o three_o lake_n enter_v this_o city_n and_o pass_v through_o it_o fall_v into_o the_o river_n tay_n on_o the_o north-side_n this_o town_n do_v consist_v of_o 5_o principal_a street_n through_o which_o the_o water_n do_v run_v and_o be_v divide_v therewith_o in_o which_o ship_n barge_n and_o boat_n of_o all_o kind_n be_v find_v both_o to_o come_v and_o go_v continual_o either_o to_o lade_v or_o unlade_v which_o be_v not_o only_o beneficial_a to_o the_o inhabitant_n but_o also_o commodious_a and_o beautiful_a the_o trade_n of_o this_o city_n be_v much_o enlarge_v since_o the_o passage_n of_o antwerp_n be_v stop_v and_o the_o trade_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n to_o the_o east_n and_o west-indies_n occasion_v by_o their_o industry_n their_o love_n to_o navigation_n and_o not_o the_o least_o by_o a_o great_a plenty_n of_o money_n which_o they_o deliver_v out_o at_o easy_a rate_n at_o interest_n as_o want_v land_n or_o other_o mean_n to_o put_v out_o the_o same_o to_o better_a benefit_n nothing_o be_v loft_n they_o but_o commerce_n and_o navigation_n to_o employ_v the_o same_o and_o of_o late_a day_n england_n and_o other_o neighbour_a country_n be_v find_v to_o have_v their_o estate_n go_v at_o interest_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o place_n which_o be_v 8_o per_fw-la cent_n whereas_o in_o their_o own_o country_n 4_o and_o 5_o per_fw-la cent_n be_v as_o much_o as_o the_o same_o will_v yield_v they_o but_o for_o the_o coin_n weight_n and_o measure_n as_o i_o observe_v they_o i_o shall_v here_o insert_v and_o refer_v the_o rest_n to_o the_o better_o experience_v amsterdam_n account_n in_o amsterdam_n they_o keep_v their_o account_n as_o in_o antwerp_n by_o which_o all_o these_o part_n be_v regulate_v in_o former_a time_n for_o what_o concern_v traffic_n netherlands_o money_n of_o amsterdam_n and_o all_o the_o netherlands_o their_o money_n have_v also_o a_o correspondency_n with_o antwerp_n coin_n but_o inhanse_v or_o debase_v as_o they_o see_v occasion_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o great_a yearly_a disbursment_n and_o ordinary_o the_o same_o be_v find_v to_o be_v as_o in_o the_o account_n of_o antwerp_n so_o as_o that_o their_o livre_fw-fr or_o pound_n which_o be_v twenty_o shilling_n flemish_n may_v be_v account_v twelve_o shilling_n sterling_a florin_n 6_o make_v that_o pound_n of_o 20_o stiver_n per_fw-la florin_n stivers_n 120_o make_v a_o pound_n of_o gross_n 6_o stivers_n a_o flemish_a shilling_n stivers_n 5_o be_v account_v as_o much_o as_o 6_o d._n sterling_a or_o 5_o sold_n turnois_n stiver_n 1_o be_v a_o sold_n turnois_n a_o gross_n be_v 6_o denier_n turnois_n carolus_n gulden_a be_v 20_o stiver_n 2_o shilling_n sterling_a or_o 20_o sol_n turnois_n beside_o these_o as_o the_o current_a money_n of_o the_o country_n all_o coin_n of_o europe_n do_v pass_v here_o current_o for_o their_o value_n and_o be_v receive_v and_o pay_v in_o payment_n for_o merchandise_n according_o amsterdam_n weight_n of_o amsterdam_n their_o weight_n be_v the_o pound_n 100_o whereof_o make_v their_o quintal_n which_o 100_o or_o quintal_n be_v hold_v in_o london_n to_o be_v incirca_fw-la 111_o l._n english_a yet_o some_o allege_v that_o the_o same_o true_o calculate_v will_v not_o produce_v above_o 108_o l._n subtle_a and_o for_o the_o concordancy_n see_v further_o amsterdam_n measure_n in_o amsterdam_n their_o measure_n be_v the_o ell_n which_o reduce_v to_o yard_n english_a be_v find_v to_o be_v 134_o ell_n for_o 100_o yard_n of_o london_n and_o the_o 100_o ell_n of_o london_n be_v here_o 167½_n ell_n so_o that_o the_o 100_o elâ—_n here_o make_v in_o london_n about_o 74_o yard_n or_o 60½_n ell_n incirca_fw-la and_o 40_o flemish_a ell_n make_v in_o england_n 24_o ells._n amsterdam_n exchange_n in_o amsterdam_n in_o the_o exchange_n this_o place_n be_v govern_v by_o antwerp_n rise_v and_o fall_v according_a to_o their_o present_a occasion_n and_o the_o value_n current_n of_o their_o money_n which_o be_v often_o inhanse_v and_o debase_v it_o be_v very_o frequent_o observe_v in_o this_o city_n and_o the_o rest_n subject_n to_o the_o netherlands_o or_o to_o the_o unite_a province_n that_o when_o they_o have_v occasion_n of_o great_a receipt_n they_o be_v decry_v in_o value_n and_o raise_v again_o where_o they_o have_v occasion_n by_o their_o war_n or_o otherwise_o of_o great_a disbursement_n according_a to_o which_o diversity_n of_o needful_a occasion_n the_o exchange_n of_o the_o place_n be_v observe_v to_o alter_v therefore_o therein_o can_v be_v prescribe_v any_o direct_a
stone_n of_o 10_o l._n be_v the_o small_a stone_n and_o a_o stone_n of_o 21_o l._n account_v the_o great_a stone_n and_o it_o have_v be_v observe_v that_o the_o 10_o l._n of_o london_n averdupois_n bath_n yield_v here_o incirca_fw-la 92_o l._n stetin_n measure_n of_o stetin_n the_o common_a measure_n in_o the_o use_n for_o length_n be_v call_v the_o ell_n as_o the_o usual_a denomination_n thereof_o in_o all_o the_o east_n part_n and_o the_o 100_o yard_n of_o london_n have_v be_v observe_v to_o produce_v here_o about_o 141_o ells._n and_o thus_o much_o shall_v serve_v to_o have_v say_v of_o these_o city_n which_o i_o have_v entitle_v under_o the_o name_n of_o pâ—land_n and_o eastland_n though_o in_o themselves_o acknowledge_v several_a distinct_a prince_n have_v take_v that_o liberty_n to_o myself_o in_o my_o first_o method_n rather_o narrow_o to_o observe_v the_o maritime_a shore_n and_o the_o principal_a city_n seat_v thereupon_o though_o acknowledge_v divers_a sovereign_n than_o precise_o to_o follow_v the_o limit_n and_o bound_n of_o prince_n dominion_n according_a to_o the_o largeness_n and_o extent_n of_o their_o command_n and_o power_n chap._n ccxxxi_o of_o the_o weight_n and_o measure_n of_o eastland_n to_o that_o of_o london_n now_o forasmuch_o as_o there_o may_v be_v many_o other_o eminent_a city_n of_o trade_n which_o in_o particular_a i_o have_v willing_o omit_v to_o handle_v therefore_o according_a to_o my_o observe_a order_n i_o will_v contract_v they_o here_o and_o show_v how_o the_o weight_n and_o measure_n of_o london_n do_v agree_v and_o be_v find_v to_o accord_v together_o poland_n the_o agreement_n of_o 100_o l._n london_n to_o divers_a of_o poland_n and_o first_o i_o find_v it_o observe_v that_o the_o 100_o l._n of_o averdupois_n in_o london_n do_v make_v in_o these_o town_n follow_v viz._n in_o  _fw-fr l._n straelsont_a as_o i_o say_v 88_o stetin_n 92_o revel_v 116_o dantzick_n 116_o conixburgh_n 120_o rhiga_n 116_o thoren_n and_o narva_n 116_o cracovia_n 120_o elbin_n 120_o wild_a 116_o poland_n agreement_n of_o the_o 100_o yard_n london_n to_o divers_a of_o poland_n and_o thus_o much_o shall_v serve_v for_o the_o weight_n in_o general_a of_o eastland_n and_o for_o the_o measure_n take_v here_o the_o same_o observation_n make_v upon_o 100_o yard_n of_o london_n which_o produce_v in_o  _fw-fr ells._n embden_n 163_o hamburgh_n 162½_n bremen_n 163_o lubeck_n 160_o munster_n 86½_n ossenbridge_n 84_o wismar_n 156½_n conixburg_n 166½_n riga_n and_o kevel_a 166½_n rostick_n 158_o gripswald_n 163_o donim_n 163_o stettin_n 141_o dantzick_n 163_o ocermond_n 141_o melluine_n 161_o narva_n 166_o arsâ—…_n chap._n ccxxxii_o of_o corn-measure_n of_o eastland_n reduce_v to_o that_o of_o other_o country_n eastland_n corn-measure_n in_o eastland_n this_o country_n be_v above_o all_o other_o commodity_n abound_v in_o corn_n which_o hence_o be_v transport_v into_o all_o part_n of_o europe_n it_o will_v not_o be_v amiss_o to_o see_v what_o observation_n have_v be_v make_v upon_o the_o measure_n thereof_o here_o in_o use_n and_o concurrent_a with_o other_o place_n schepel_v 60_o in_o dantzick_n make_v a_o last_o and_o 4_o make_v a_o mud_n which_o be_v the_o skip-pond_n of_o 340_o l._n as_o you_o find_v it_o there_o note_a werpes_n 61_o make_v a_o last_o in_o emden_n or_o 15½_n barrel_n of_o 4_o werpes_n schepel_v 90_o make_v a_o last_o in_o hamburg_n schepel_v 96_o make_v a_o last_o in_o lubeck_n schepel_v 96_o make_v at_o fameren_fw-mi a_o last_o schepel_v 96_o make_v a_o last_o in_o hileger-haven_n in_o denmark_n barrel_n 42_o make_v a_o last_o in_o copenhagen_n barrel_n 36_o make_v a_o last_o in_o ebeltorffe_n donie_n quarter_n 10½_n make_v a_o last_o in_o london_n but_o in_o lade_n of_o ship_n quarter_n five_o be_v account_v for_o one_o tun_n lade_v country_n with_o the_o agreement_n thereof_o with_o other_o country_n now_o let_v we_o see_v how_o these_o respond_v together_o and_o how_o these_o agree_v with_o the_o last_o of_o corn_n in_o amsterdam_n upon_o which_o i_o find_v these_o note_n and_o that_o the_o same_o make_v in_o danzick_n 56_o schepel_v embden_n 55_o werps_n hamburgh_n 85_o schepel_v lubeck_n 85_o schepel_v fameren_n 78_o schepel_v hylegher_n 80_o schepel_v copenhagen_n 23_o small_a barrel_n eboltorff_n 23_o barrel_n sweden_n 23_o barrel_n conixburgh_n 6_o 7_o of_o a_o last_o for_o the_o 6_o last_n be_v 7_o at_o amsterdam_n melvin_n 17_o 21_o of_o a_o last_o stetin_n 6_o 7_o of_o a_o last_o rhiga_fw-la 42_o loop_n rostick_n and_o mechburgh_n measure_n of_o lubeck_n antwerp_n 37½_n vertales_fw-la brussels_n 10½_n muden_n and_o differ_v in_o all_o place_n of_o brabant_n middleburgh_n 40_o sack_n 41½_n to_o the_o last_o in_o zealand_n rotterdam_n delft_n 87_o achtellin_n gronninghen_n 33_o mudde_n london_n 10¼_n quarter_n and_o 5_o quarter_n to_o a_o tun._n chap._n ccxxxiii_o of_o the_o trade_n in_o general_n of_o poland_n and_o eastland_n eastland_n of_o the_o trade_n in_o general_n of_o poland_n and_o eastland_n have_v thus_o survey_v the_o trade_n of_o this_o country_n in_o some_o particular_n it_o will_v not_o be_v amise_n to_o look_v upon_o it_o in_o the_o general_a the_o revenue_n both_o of_o the_o king_n and_o gentleman_n be_v here_o esteem_v but_o moderate_a and_o scarce_o sufficient_a to_o maintain_v a_o plentiful_a table_n and_o to_o exchange_v with_o merchant_n for_o wine_n and_o spice_n which_o they_o yet_o much_o covet_v as_o also_o they_o do_v foreign_a stuff_n of_o silk_n and_o cloth_n i_o have_v note_v that_o this_o kingdom_n abound_v with_o beast_n as_o well_o wild_a as_o tame_v and_o yield_v excellent_a horse_n not_o great_a but_o quick_a nimble_a and_o stir_a it_o abound_v also_o in_o flesh_n fowl_n and_o water-fish_n and_o in_o all_o kind_n of_o pulse_n and_o grain_n it_o be_v find_v also_o towards_o the_o carpathian_n mountain_n of_o hungary_n to_o have_v some_o mine_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n of_o iron_n and_o brimstone_n it_o yield_v also_o in_o abundance_n plenty_n of_o honey_n find_v in_o hollow_a tree_n beside_o the_o husband-man_n hive_n it_o yield_v moreover_o wax_n flax_n and_o linen_n clothes_n make_v thereof_o hemp_n pitch_n of_o both_o kind_n mast_n for_o ship_n board_n and_n timber_n rich_a fur_n salt_n dig_v out_o of_o the_o earth_n amber_n soap-ash_n and_o rice_n in_o abundance_n which_o have_v make_v dantzick_n famous_a throughout_o europe_n no_o marvel_n then_o if_o merchant_n bring_v unto_o they_o silk_n from_o italy_n cloth_n from_o england_n wine_n from_o france_n and_o spain_n and_o the_o very_a spice_n and_o drug_n from_o india_n since_o they_o not_o only_o sell_v then_o at_o good_a price_n but_o also_o bring_v thence_o such_o precious_a and_o staple_n commodity_n poland_n itself_o be_v find_v within_o land_n and_o prussia_n with_o their_o immunity_n subject_a to_o this_o kingdom_n be_v sound_a to_o have_v the_o principal_a trader_n therein_o inhabit_v yet_o have_v they_o but_o few_o ship_n use_v stranger_n to_o export_v their_o commodity_n for_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o polander_n they_o be_v observe_v to_o live_v content_a with_o their_o own_o and_o not_o by_o way_n of_o merchandize_v to_o stir_v much_o abroad_o yet_o be_v they_o not_o rich_a because_o they_o want_v the_o abovesaid_a commodity_n which_o the_o proud_a gentleman_n and_o nobility_n of_o these_o country_n buy_v dear_a and_o will_v have_v though_o bring_v from_o far_o unto_o they_o and_o they_o be_v note_v to_o have_v so_o little_a gold_n and_o silver_n as_o despise_v all_o in_o respect_n of_o it_o they_o sell_v the_o rich_a commodity_n of_o their_o country_n at_o a_o low_a rate_n especial_o those_o which_o be_v for_o daily_a food_n and_o thereby_o make_v unfit_a to_o be_v export_v the_o people_n themselves_o be_v not_o much_o addict_v to_o traffic_n into_o remote_a region_n nor_o to_o travel_v far_o out_o of_o their_o own_o country_n yet_o in_o imitation_n of_o other_o their_o neighbour_n they_o sometime_o trade_n with_o their_o rich_a fur_n into_o other_o country_n of_o who_o i_o have_v observe_v some_o to_o come_v to_o constantinople_n rather_o make_v a_o range_a voyage_n than_o come_v with_o intent_n to_o trade_n and_o reside_v wherein_o they_o can_v be_v much_o blame_v in_o regard_n that_o they_o have_v in_o plenty_n all_o thing_n that_o natural_o be_v want_v to_o mankind_n if_o they_o can_v be_v content_v therewith_o but_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o pomerland_n east_n country_n etc._n etc._n be_v observe_v to_o be_v more_o ingenious_a and_o far_o more_o addict_v to_o traffic_n and_o commerce_n and_o have_v some_o vessel_n sitter_n for_o transport_v and_o carriage_n than_o for_o warfare_n but_o yet_o most_o proper_a for_o their_o gross_a commodity_n and_o large_a stowage_n however_o their_o winter-colds_a deprive_v they_o of_o almost_o half_a the_o year_n traffic_n the_o other_o half_o wherein_o their_o sea_n be_v navigable_a can_v make_v they_o any_o