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receive_a error_n as_o we_o have_v mention_v that_o there_o be_v a_o certain_a rock_n or_o pole_n of_o loadstone_n some_o degree_n distant_a from_o the_o true_a pole_n of_o the_o world_n which_o the_o magnetical_a needle_n in_o its_o variation_n shall_v respect_v this_o pole_n they_o have_v imagine_v to_o be_v in_o the_o same_o meridian_n with_o that_o which_o pass_v by_o the_o azore_n whence_o they_o have_v labour_v to_o show_v the_o reason_n why_o the_o compass_n shall_v not_o vary_v in_o that_o place_n which_o they_o explain_v by_o this_o figure_n let_v there_o be_v a_o circle_n describe_v the_o sphere_n e_o of_o the_o horizon_n of_o the_o arctic_a pole_n a_o the_o antarctic_a â—_o the_o pole_n or_o rock_n of_o loadstone_n place_v out_o of_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o earth_n b._n let_v there_o be_v place_v a_o magnetical_a directory_n needle_n in_o h_n it_o will_v according_a to_o their_o assertion_n tend_v to_o the_o point_n b_o by_o the_o magnetical_a meridian_n h_n b_o which_o 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pass_v onward_o there_o will_v be_v a_o variation_n towards_o the_o north-east_n but_o obscure_a and_o little_a then_o afterward_o will_v the_o arch_n of_o this_o variation_n increase_v with_o like_a space_n in_o a_o great_a proportion_n until_o they_o approach_v near_o the_o continent_n where_o they_o shall_v find_v a_o very_a great_a variation_n yet_o before_o they_o come_v a_o shore_n this_o variation_n will_v decrease_v again_o from_o which_o one_o instance_n if_o there_o be_v no_o other_o we_o may_v conclude_v that_o the_o arch_n of_o variation_n be_v not_o always_o proportionable_a to_o the_o distance_n which_o grant_v quite_o overthrow_v that_o conceit_n of_o the_o pole_n of_o variation_n beside_o this_o if_o there_o be_v two_o such_o magnetical_a pole_n there_o can_v be_v but_o one_o common_a meridian_n pass_v by_o they_o and_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o earthly_a globe_n but_o by_o many_o observation_n collect_v and_o observe_v by_o ed._n wright_n and_o other_o there_o shall_v 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as_o of_o direction_n be_v only_o respective_a not_o attractive_a it_o be_v suppose_v by_o the_o ancient_n that_o the_o direction_n and_o variation_n of_o the_o loadstone_n be_v cause_v by_o a_o attractive_a point_n which_o draw_v and_o enforce_v the_o lily_n of_o the_o compass_n that_o way_n which_o error_n take_v place_n from_o another_o common-received_n opinion_n that_o all_o the_o other_o motion_n of_o the_o magnet_n be_v reduce_v to_o the_o attractive_a operation_n but_o the_o error_n be_v correct_v by_o one_o robert_n norman_n a_o englishman_n who_o find_v this_o point_n to_o be_v respective_a and_o no_o way_n attractive_a who_o reason_n or_o demonstration_n be_v not_o disapprove_v by_o dr_n gilbert_n although_o in_o other_o matter_n he_o sharp_o tax_v he_o his_o experiment_n be_v thus_o let_v there_o be_v a_o round_a vessel_n as_o we_o have_v describe_v full_o of_o water_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o this_o water-place_n a_o iron-wier_n in_o a_o convenient_a round_a cork_n or_o boat_n that_o it_o may_v swim_v upon_o the_o water_n even_o poyze_v let_v this_o iron-wire_n be_v first_o touch_v with_o the_o loadstone_n that_o it_o may_v more_o strong_o show_v the_o point_n of_o variation_n let_v this_o point_n of_o variation_n be_v d_o let_v this_o iron-wire_n rest_n upon_o the_o water_n in_o the_o cork_n for_o a_o certain_a time_n it_o be_v certain_o true_a that_o this_o iron-wire_n in_o the_o cork_n will_v not_o move_v itself_o to_o the_o margin_n or_o brink_n of_o the_o vessel_n d_o which_o certain_o it_o will_v do_v if_o the_o point_n d_o be_v a_o attractive_a point_n 3_o the_o variation_n of_o every_o place_n be_v constant_a and_o not_o variable_a this_o have_v be_v ratify_v by_o the_o experience_n of_o navigatour_n which_o in_o the_o selfsame_o region_n have_v never_o miss_v the_o true_a variation_n which_o they_o have_v assign_v they_o before_o if_o any_o difference_n be_v assign_v in_o variation_n to_o the_o same_o region_n we_o may_v impute_v it_o to_o their_o error_n which_o observe_v it_o arise_v either_o from_o want_n of_o skill_n or_o convenient_a instrument_n neither_o can_v this_o ever_o be_v change_v except_o some_o great_a deluge_n or_o dissolution_n happen_v of_o a_o great_a part_n of_o land_n as_o plato_n record_v of_o his_o atlantic_a land_n 4_o the_o variation_n be_v great_a in_o place_n near_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o earth_n this_o proportion_n be_v not_o to_o be_v take_v universal_o but_o common_o for_o the_o most_o part_n yet_o will_v it_o have_v truth_n in_o all_o place_n if_o all_o other_o thing_n be_v correspondent_a it_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o variation_n be_v great_a on_o the_o coast_n of_o norway_n and_o the_o low-countries_n then_o at_o morocco_n or_o guinea_n for_o at_o guinea_n the_o magnetical_a needle_n incline_v to_o the_o east_n a_o three_o part_n of_o one_o rumbe_n of_o the_o compass_n in_o the_o land_n of_o cape-verde_a half_a in_o the_o coast_n of_o morocco_n two_o three_o part_n in_o england_n at_o the_o mouth_n of_o thames_n according_a to_o the_o observation_n of_o d._n gilbert_n and_o ed._n wright_n though_o some_o deny_v it_o one_o whole_a rumbe_n in_o london_n the_o chief_a city_n of_o it_o eleven_o degree_n and_o more_o which_o we_o also_o find_v or_o thereabouts_o in_o oxford_n the_o reason_n be_v because_o the_o magnetical_a motive_n virtue_n be_v strong_a in_o the_o great_a latitude_n increase_v towards_o the_o pole_n and_o the_o large_a region_n of_o land_n lie_v towards_o the_o pole_n prevail_v more_o than_o those_o which_o be_v situate_v far_o off_o 12_o thus_o much_o for_o the_o variation_n the_o declination_n be_v a_o magnetical_a motion_n whereby_o the_o magnetical_a needle_n convert_v itself_o under_o the_o horizontall_a plain_a towards_o the_o axis_n of_o the_o earth_n what_o we_o have_v hitherto_o speak_v of_o direction_n and_o variation_n magnetical_a be_v such_o as_o may_v be_v
the_o magnet_n be_v not_o so_o exact_a as_o the_o astronomical_a for_o as_o much_o as_o few_o or_o no_o place_n be_v find_v wherein_o the_o magnetical_a needle_n admit_v not_o a_o variation_n from_o the_o true_a point_n of_o north_n and_o south_n nevertheless_o this_o way_n be_v very_o necessary_a to_o be_v know_v for_o as_o much_o as_o the_o sun_n and_o star_n be_v not_o always_o to_o be_v see_v at_o least_o in_o such_o place_n and_o manner_n as_o may_v favour_v exactness_n of_o observation_n hence_o may_v be_v demonstrate_v in_o particular_n what_o we_o observe_v before_o in_o general_a in_o our_o magnetical_a treatise_n that_o the_o circle_n of_o the_o globe_n be_v not_o mere_a imaginary_a fiction_n or_o bare_a respect_n grow_v out_o of_o the_o application_n of_o celestial_a body_n as_o some_o have_v think_v they_o but_o ground_v on_o the_o magnetical_a disposition_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n 8_o beside_o the_o astronomical_a and_o magnetical_a invention_n of_o the_o 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stone_n metal_n and_o other_o such_o body_n be_v to_o go_v too_o far_o out_o of_o my_o way_n without_o a_o guide_n i_o will_v give_v one_o only_a instance_n of_o tree_n whereof_o i_o will_v insert_v this_o problem_n 1_o by_o the_o incision_n of_o a_o tree_n to_o find_v out_o the_o meridian_n to_o perform_v this_o problem_n let_v there_o be_v choose_v out_o some_o tree_n in_o a_o open_a free_a field_n far_o from_o wall_n or_o other_o obstacle_n in_o such_o a_o place_n as_o it_o have_v be_v on_o either_o side_n free_o enlighten_v and_o heat_v by_o the_o sunbeam_n let_v the_o trunk_n of_o this_o tree_n be_v very_o right_a and_o sound_a let_v this_o trunk_n be_v cut_v off_o by_o the_o midst_n in_o such_o sort_n that_o the_o section_n be_v parallel_n to_o the_o horizon_n and_o the_o underpart_n of_o the_o trunk_n be_v leave_v to_o stand_v in_o his_o former_a natural_a situation_n now_o the_o section_n on_o the_o top_n of_o it_o be_v well_o plain_v will_v as_o in_o a_o plain_a discover_v 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and_o contrariwise_o from_o east_n to_o west_n the_o bound_n or_o limit_n of_o this_o longitude_n be_v by_o ptolemy_n and_o the_o ancient_a cosmographer_n set_v no_o far_o distant_a than_o the_o half_a circle_n contain_v 180_o degree_n because_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o earth_n lie_v at_o that_o time_n undiscovered_a the_o end_n of_o this_o space_n towards_o the_o east_n be_v the_o kingdom_n of_o china_n at_o the_o far_a part_n of_o all_o india_n distant_a as_o we_o say_v from_o the_o fortunate_a land_n where_o ptolemy_n place_v the_o first_o meridian_n 180_o degree_n which_o be_v take_v in_o the_o meridian_n and_o resolve_v into_o miles_n according_a to_o our_o former_a rule_n will_v give_v 10800_o italian_a mile_n but_o this_o space_n delineate_v out_o by_o the_o ancient_n be_v very_o scant_o and_o narrow_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o other_o part_n since_o found_v out_o be_v add_v to_o the_o former_a for_o beyond_o the_o bind_v set_v by_o ptolemy_n in_o the_o east_n it_o be_v 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carry_v the_o name_n of_o the_o master_n of_o the_o ship_n in_o his_o discovery_n neither_o be_v it_o much_o to_o be_v doubt_v but_o that_o in_o that_o large_a tract_n delineate_v out_o in_o the_o globe_n for_o the_o south-indy_n be_v contain_v many_o land_n divide_v one_o from_o the_o other_o by_o streite_n and_o narrow_a sea_n which_o must_v subtract_v much_o from_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o dry_a land_n so_o that_o of_o necessity_n it_o must_v be_v grant_v that_o the_o northern_a hemisphere_n take_v up_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o dry_a land_n as_o the_o other_o of_o the_o water_n wherefore_o that_o place_n of_o esdras_n where_o he_o say_v that_o almighty_a god_n allot_v 〈◊〉_d paris_n to_o the_o eâ—â—th_n and_o the_o 〈…〉_z water_n must_v râ—ther_o seem_v improbable_a or_o suffer_v another_o interpretation_n then_o that_o of_o the_o ancients_n for_o out_o of_o credible_a conjecture_n draw_v â—rom_o the_o view_n of_o the_o 〈◊〉_d of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n we_o shall_v hardly_o collect_v sucâ—_n a_o proportion_n in_o this_o comparison_n of_o the_o northern_a hâ—mispheâ—â—â—_n with_o the_o southern_a we_o shall_v find_v â—_o kind_a of_o harmony_n betwixt_o the_o heaven_n and_o the_o earth_n for_o as_o traveller_n report_v thâ—_n northern_a part_n abound_v with_o more_o star_n and_o of_o great_a magnitude_n than_o the_o other_o towards_o the_o south_n so_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n discover_v unto_o we_o more_o continent_n great_a land_n and_o of_o more_o noâ—â—_n in_o the_o north_n then_o â—n_a the_o south_n 2_o the_o whole_a globe_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v environ_v round_o from_o the_o east_n and_o the_o west_n with_o sea_n divide_v â—he_n north_n from_o the_o south_n to_o prove_v this_o theorem_a we_o need_v go_v no_o far_o than_o the_o famous_a voyage_n of_o magellane_n drake_n candish_n and_o schoâ—ten_o whereof_o the_o first_o attempt_v the_o first_o passage_n through_o fretum_n magelâ—anicum_n and_o give_v it_o the_o name_n though_o he_o 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passage_n northward_o to_o cathay_n and_o so_o to_o the_o east-indies_n which_o controversy_n as_o yet_o remain_v altogether_o unanswered_a and_o await_v the_o happiness_n of_o some_o new_a discovery_n in_o which_o difficult_a passage_n wherein_o many_o have_v spend_v both_o their_o life_n and_o hope_n it_o may_v seem_v enough_o for_o i_o to_o go_v with_o their_o relation_n suffer_v my_o conjecture_n to_o fly_v no_o far_o than_o their_o sail_n the_o reason_n which_o i_o meet_v with_o in_o my_o slender_a read_n i_o will_v examine_v as_o i_o can_v without_o partiality_n and_o so_o leave_v every_o man_n to_o be_v his_o own_o judge_n first_o then_o we_o must_v consider_v that_o the_o voyage_n to_o the_o indies_n must_v be_v effect_v by_o either_o of_o these_o two_o way_n to_o wit_n northward_o or_o southward_o to_o begin_v with_o the_o south_n it_o must_v be_v perform_v two_o way_n either_o by_o some_o unknown_a passage_n through_o the_o south-continent_n near_o the_o antarctic_a pole_n 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any_o such_o discovery_n as_o be_v hope_v for_o what_o cost_n or_o danger_n will_v not_o almost_o all_o the_o mariner_n of_o our_o northern_a world_n undergo_v to_o find_v so_o near_o a_o cut_n to_o their_o golden_a indies_n and_o if_o by_o chance_n many_o of_o they_o mistake_v the_o right_a way_n yet_o will_v it_o seem_v improbable_a that_o latter_a navigatour_n correct_v by_o the_o former_a error_n shall_v not_o after_o so_o many_o trial_n and_o attempt_n at_o length_n hit_v the_o mark_n this_o reason_n savour_v of_o some_o probability_n yet_o compare_v this_o with_o diverse_a matter_n of_o the_o same_o kind_n will_v seem_v to_o be_v of_o no_o great_a force_n for_o the_o truth_n and_o right_n be_v only_o one_o and_o the_o same_o be_v oppose_v by_o infinite_a error_n so_o that_o it_o may_v seem_v easy_a to_o commit_v a_o thousand_o error_n than_o once_o to_o hit_v the_o truth_n time_n and_o long_a trial_n beget_v many_o invention_n which_o afterward_o seem_v most_o easy_a insomuch_o that_o many_o man_n have_v afterward_o laugh_v at_o their_o own_o mistake_n moreover_o for_o aught_o i_o can_v find_v in_o the_o relation_n of_o most_o man_n discovery_n the_o passage_n which_o they_o seek_v be_v too_o far_o northward_o towards_o the_o pole_n where_o be_v infested_a with_o cold_a ice_n and_o other_o inconvenience_n they_o be_v enforce_v to_o return_v thence_o again_o have_v seldom_o have_v any_o opportunity_n to_o winter_n in_o those_o part_n for_o want_n of_o victual_n or_o extremity_n of_o cold_a a_o second_o reason_n against_o this_o north-passage_n may_v be_v draw_v from_o the_o innumerable_a sort_n of_o beast_n wherewith_o america_n be_v store_v for_o admit_v this_o passage_n we_o must_v needs_o grant_v america_n to_o be_v a_o island_n now_o it_o be_v â—ertaine_a that_o noah_n ark_n be_v the_o store-house_n and_o seminary_n not_o only_o of_o mankind_n but_o of_o all_o other_o perfect_a live_a creature_n again_o it_o be_v evident_a out_o of_o the_o holy_a scripture_n that_o the_o first_o region_n whereon_o the_o ark_n be_v deliver_v of_o her_o burden_n be_v asia_n these_o ground_n lay_v i_o will_v demand_v how_o such_o a_o multitude_n of_o beast_n of_o all_o sort_n shall_v be_v transport_v from_o asia_n to_o america_n be_v suppose_v to_o be_v a_o island_n and_o every_o where_o divide_v by_o the_o sea_n from_o other_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n can_v these_o silly_a creature_n of_o their_o own_o accord_n swim_v from_o one_o shore_n to_o another_o but_o alas_o the_o sea_n be_v too_o large_a and_o these_o beast_n too_o fearful_a to_o adventure_v on_o such_o a_o voyage_n and_o admit_v some_o by_o nature_n have_v be_v fit_v to_o such_o a_o action_n yet_o be_v it_o very_o strange_a to_o imagine_v the_o same_o effect_n of_o all_o be_v of_o many_o kind_n what_o then_o be_v they_o transport_v in_o ship_n but_o navigation_n in_o those_o day_n be_v a_o infant_n unfurnished_a of_o the_o chart_n
and_o compass_n dare_v not_o adventure_v into_o the_o ocean_n so_o far_o out_o of_o sight_n of_o land_n but_o to_o give_v the_o opposite_a part_n all_o reasonable_a advantage_n admit_v the_o strait_n divide_v asia_n and_o america_n be_v very_o narrow_a and_o within_o ken_n be_v it_o likely_a that_o from_o hence_o thâ—y_o can_v by_o ship_n transport_v so_o many_o knde_n of_o creature_n can_v we_o believe_v any_o man_n to_o be_v so_o mad_a as_o to_o carry_v over_o with_o he_o lion_n bear_n tiger_n fox_n and_o other_o innumerable_a sort_n of_o ravenous_a and_o unprofitable_a beast_n as_o pernicious_a to_o mankind_n as_o other_o creature_n serve_v for_o his_o use_n if_o any_o be_v find_v so_o foolish_a or_o malicious_a yet_o be_v it_o very_o unlikely_a he_o shall_v transport_v so_o many_o kind_n this_o argument_n seem_v no_o more_o to_o concern_v america_n than_o most_o land_n of_o the_o world_n wherein_o we_o find_v diverse_a creature_n not_o only_o serve_v for_o the_o use_n of_o man_n 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from_o the_o main_a continent_n by_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o water_n hence_o it_o may_v come_v to_o pass_v that_o such_o beast_n as_o be_v in_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n so_o break_v off_o have_v since_o there_o continue_v by_o continual_a propagation_n until_o this_o day_n i_o mean_v of_o ravenous_a and_o hurtful_a beast_n because_o of_o the_o other_o less_o doubt_n can_v be_v make_v but_o that_o they_o may_v be_v convey_v from_o one_o country_n into_o another_o by_o ship_v to_o serve_v the_o necessity_n of_o mankind_n here_o we_o see_v that_o no_o argument_n as_o yet_o have_v be_v urge_v so_o strong_a against_o the_o north-passage_n but_o may_v with_o reasonable_a probability_n be_v answer_v it_o remain_v in_o the_o second_o place_n that_o we_o descend_v somewhat_o to_o particular_n to_o inquire_v whether_o this_o be_v to_o be_v effect_v either_o towards_o the_o north-east_n or_o the_o northwest_n the_o north-east_n passage_n have_v heretofore_o be_v attempt_v by_o many_o of_o our_o english_a navigatour_n but_o with_o unhappy_a success_n yet_o be_v not_o these_o voyage_n altogether_o fruitless_a forasmuch_o as_o by_o this_o mean_n a_o way_n be_v find_v out_o to_o russia_n whence_o begin_v the_o first_o trade_n between_o we_o and_o the_o russian_a merchant_n but_o that_o little_a hope_n can_v hence_o arise_v sundry_a reason_n may_v be_v allege_v the_o chief_a whereof_o be_v these_o 1_o the_o dangerous_a rend_n of_o the_o scythick_n cape_n set_v by_o ortelius_n under_o 80_o degree_n northward_o together_o with_o the_o perilous_a sail_v in_o those_o northern_a sea_n always_o pester_v with_o ice_n and_o snow_n second_v by_o diverse_a bay_n or_o shelf_n mist_n fog_n long_a and_o darksome_a night_n most_o adverse_a to_o any_o happy_a navigation_n 2_o the_o observation_n of_o the_o water_n which_o be_v more_o shallow_a towards_o the_o east_n which_o give_v small_a hope_n of_o a_o through_o passage_n because_o all_o sea_n be_v feed_v with_o water_n and_o for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v observe_v to_o be_v more_o shallow_a towards_o the_o shore_n then_o in_o the_o middle_n but_o where_o in_o sail_v forward_o any_o sea_n be_v find_v to_o decrease_v in_o depth_n it_o be_v a_o likely_a argument_n that_o it_o be_v rather_o a_o creek_n bay_fw-mi or_o river_n than_o a_o straight_o notwithstanding_o these_o reason_n some_o have_v heretofore_o go_v about_o to_o prove_v a_o passage_n by_o the_o north-east_n to_o cathay_n of_o which_o opinion_n be_v antony_n jenkinson_n who_o reason_n be_v well_o answer_v by_o sr_n humphrey_n gilbert_n which_o i_o brief_o touch_v add_v some_o thing_n of_o my_o own_o as_o i_o find_v occasion_n the_o first_o reason_n be_v draw_v from_o a_o relation_n of_o tartarian_a who_o report_v that_o in_o hunt_v the_o morse_n he_o sail_v very_o far_o towards_o the_o southeast_n wherein_o he_o find_v no_o end_n which_o may_v give_v a_o likely_a conjecture_n that_o it_o be_v a_o passage_n throughout_o but_o to_o this_o we_o may_v easy_o answer_v that_o the_o tartarian_n be_v a_o barbarous_a nation_n altogether_o ignorant_a of_o navigation_n which_o neither_o know_v the_o use_n of_o the_o chart_fw-la compass_n or_o celestial_a observation_n &_o therefore_o in_o a_o wide_a sea_n know_v not_o how_o to_o distinguish_v the_o north-east_n from_o the_o southeast_n beside_o the_o curious_a search_n of_o this_o long_a passage_n must_v depend_v on_o better_a discovery_n than_o a_o poor_a fisherman_n who_o seldom_o dare_v adventure_v himself_o out_o of_o sight_n of_o land_n beside_o the_o fisherman_n judge_v by_o sight_n can_v not_o see_v about_o a_o ken_n at_o sea_n which_o will_v prove_v nothing_o in_o regard_n of_o so_o long_a a_o distance_n the_o second_o reason_n urge_v by_o mr_n jenkinson_n be_v this_o that_o there_o be_v a_o vnicorne_n horn_n find_v upon_o the_o coast_n of_o tartary_n which_o can_v not_o come_v say_v he_o by_o any_o other_o mean_v then_o with_o the_o tide_n in_o some_o straight_o in_o the_o north-east_n in_o the_o freeze_a sea_n there_o be_v no_o unicorn_n in_o all_o asia_n save_v in_o iâ—dia_n and_o cataia_n to_o this_o reason_n i_o may_v answer_v with_o sr_n humphrey_n gilbert_n many_o way_n 1_o we_o may_v well_o doubt_v whether_o tartarian_n know_v a_o true_a unicorn_n horn_n or_o no_o 2_o it_o be_v credible_a that_o it_o can_v be_v drive_v so_o far_o by_o the_o tide_n be_v of_o such_o a_o nature_n that_o it_o can_v swim_v 3_o the_o tide_n run_v to_o and_o fro_o will_v have_v drive_v it_o as_o far_o back_o with_o the_o ebb_n as_o it_o bring_v it_o forward_o with_o the_o flood_n 4_o the_o horn_n which_o be_v cast_v on_o this_o coast_n may_v be_v the_o horn_n of_o a_o asinus_fw-la indicuâ—_fw-la which_o have_v but_o one_o horn_n like_o a_o unicorn_n in_o his_o forehead_n whereof_o there_o be_v great_a plenty_n in_o all_o the_o north_n part_n as_o in_o lappia_n norvegia_n finmarke_n as_o zeigler_n testify_v in_o his_o history_n of_o scandia_n 5_o last_o there_o be_v a_o fish_n which_o have_v a_o horn_n in_o his_o sore-head_n câ—lled_v the_o sea_n unicorn_n whereof_o martin_n frobisher_n find_v one_o on_o the_o coast_n of_o newfoundland_n and_o give_v it_o to_o queen_n elizabeth_n which_o be_v say_v to_o be_v put_v into_o her_o wardrobe_n but_o whether_o it_o be_v the_o same_o which_o be_v at_o this_o day_n to_o be_v see_v at_o windsor_n castle_n i_o can_v tell_v the_o three_o and_o strong_a reason_n which_o be_v urge_v for_o the_o north-east_n passage_n be_v this_o that_o there_o be_v a_o continual_a current_n through_o the_o freeze_a sea_n of_o such_o swiftness_n that_o if_o any_o thing_n be_v throw_v into_o the_o water_n it_o will_v present_o be_v carry_v out_o of_o sight_n to_o this_o we_o may_v easy_o answer_v that_o this_o strong_a current_n be_v not_o maintain_v by_o any_o tide_n come_v from_o another_o sea_n but_o by_o diverse_a great_a river_n fall_v into_o this_o straight_a in_o like_a sort_n we_o find_v a_o strong_a current_n from_o maeotis_n palus_n by_o pontus_n euxinus_n sinus_n bosphorus_n and_o along_o all_o the_o coast_n of_o greci_fw-la as_o contarenus_n and_o diverse_a other_o affirm_v out_o of_o their_o own_o experience_n and_o yet_o the_o sea_n lie_v not_o open_a to_o any_o other_o sea_n but_o be_v maintain_v by_o tanais_n and_o diverse_a other_o river_n so_o in_o this_o north-east_n part_n may_v this_o current_n of_o water_n be_v maintain_v by_o the_o river_n duâ—â—a_n ob_fw-la and_o many_o other_o which_o continual_o fall_v into_o it_o hitherto_o have_v we_o treat_v of_o other_o passage_n either_o effect_v or_o attempt_v to_o cathay_n and_o the_o east_n indies_n the_o last_o and_o most_o desire_a and_o seek_v in_o our_o time_n be_v that_o by_o the_o north_n west_n this_o way_n have_v be_v often_o attempt_v as_o by_o cabot_n davis_n frobisher_n hudson_n sr_n thomas_n button_n and_o
be_v perform_v by_o many_o strong_a and_o able_a man_n as_o it_o have_v be_v try_v sometime_o that_o a_o frantic_a man_n have_v break_v very_o strong_a chain_n wherewith_o he_o have_v be_v bind_v which_o many_o other_o man_n can_v not_o do_v neither_o on_o the_o other_o side_n can_v it_o seem_v strange_a that_o many_o and_o great_a exhalation_n vapour_n and_o spirit_n shall_v be_v engender_v under_o the_o earth_n for_o as_o much_o as_o the_o earth_n be_v heaâ—ed_v many_o way_n many_o way_n may_v be_v specify_v whence_o such_o fume_n shall_v arise_v as_o first_o from_o the_o sun_n and_o star_n second_o from_o the_o subterranean_a fire_n hide_v in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n three_o in_o the_o wintertime_n by_o a_o antiperistasis_n the_o heat_n collect_v itself_o downward_o to_o the_o inner_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o be_v before_o in_o the_o outward_a part_n of_o it_o the_o argument_n by_o which_o aristotle_n will_v confirm_v this_o opinion_n be_v draw_v as_o well_o from_o the_o time_n as_o from_o the_o place_n wherein_o earthquake_n usual_o happen_v from_o the_o time_n because_o than_o most_o earthquake_n be_v observe_v to_o be_v when_o most_o exhalation_n be_v enclose_v in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o wit_n in_o the_o springtime_n and_o the_o autumn_n from_o the_o place_n because_o for_o the_o most_o part_n spongy_a and_o hollow_a region_n which_o may_v drink_v in_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o exhalation_n be_v common_o most_o subject_a unto_o it_o for_o although_o many_o exhalation_n be_v daily_o enclose_v in_o the_o womb_n of_o the_o earth_n yet_o earthquake_n fall_v but_o seldom_o because_o the_o matter_n be_v seldom_o so_o strong_a and_o violent_a as_o to_o shake_v the_o earth_n wherefore_o some_o philosopher_n have_v express_v three_o principal_a way_n which_o make_v this_o earthquake_n first_o when_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o exhalation_n be_v sudden_o engender_v which_o for_o the_o greatness_n of_o it_o can_v be_v contain_v in_o so_o little_a a_o space_n for_o then_o be_v almost_o choke_v it_o seek_v a_o way_n to_o fly_v forth_o second_o when_o the_o earth_n be_v condensated_a by_o cold_a and_o drive_v the_o exhalation_n from_o one_o place_n to_o another_o which_o fly_v hither_o and_o thither_o shake_v and_o strike_v the_o earth_n three_o when_o the_o exhalation_n the_o cold_a compass_n it_o round_o by_o a_o antiperistasis_n beget_v heat_n within_o it_o and_o so_o be_v rarify_v for_o so_o be_v unable_a any_o long_o to_o confine_v itself_o to_o its_o former_a place_n it_o break_v forth_o and_o so_o shake_v the_o earth_n we_o must_v here_o note_v by_o the_o way_n that_o not_o only_a exhalation_n be_v cause_n of_o the_o distemperature_n in_o the_o earth_n but_o also_o subterranean_a fire_n and_o wind_n all_o which_o by_o some_o be_v judge_v to_o be_v of_o equal_a force_n in_o this_o action_n for_o the_o division_n of_o earthquake_n so_o far_o forth_o as_o it_o concern_v the_o difference_n of_o place_n we_o must_v understand_v that_o it_o may_v be_v either_o universal_a or_o particular_a a_o universal_a earthquake_n be_v that_o which_o shake_v all_o the_o whole_a earth_n in_o every_o part_n at_o least_o in_o the_o upper_a face_n whereof_o i_o suppose_v no_o natural_a cause_n can_v be_v give_v but_o the_o immediate_a and_o miraculous_a power_n of_o god_n such_o a_o earthquake_n happen_v at_o the_o time_n of_o our_o saviour_n passion_n whereof_o dydimus_n a_o grave_n and_o ancient_a writer_n leave_v record_v but_o that_o which_o be_v say_v to_o have_v happen_v in_o the_o time_n of_o valentinian_n mention_v by_o orosius_n in_o his_o 7_o book_n of_o history_n &_o 32_o chapter_n be_v think_v by_o grave_a author_n to_o be_v no_o universal_a earthquake_n howsoever_o for_o the_o large_a extent_n of_o it_o it_o be_v think_v to_o be_v general_a a_o particular_a earthquake_n be_v that_o which_o be_v bound_v in_o some_o one_o or_o more_o particular_a place_n which_o for_o the_o cause_n before-alleaged_n can_v be_v so_o far_o extend_v because_o the_o cavern_n and_o convexity_n of_o the_o earth_n where_o such_o vapour_n and_o exhalation_n be_v contain_v can_v be_v ordinary_o so_o great_a as_o to_o extend_v to_o many_o kingdom_n and_o region_n 1_o region_n extreme_a cold_a or_o extreme_a hot_a be_v not_o so_o subject_a to_o earthquake_n as_o place_n of_o a_o middle_a temper_n the_o reason_n be_v because_o in_o place_n extreme_a cold_n exhalation_n be_v not_o so_o soon_o engender_v and_o in_o so_o great_a a_o quantity_n as_o in_o other_o part_n on_o the_o other_o side_n in_o place_n which_o be_v extreme_a hot_a the_o exhalation_n which_o be_v breed_v be_v soon_o consume_v with_o excess_n of_o heat_n both_o which_o may_v be_v confirm_v by_o instance_n it_o be_v observe_v that_o in_o the_o cold_a northern_a part_n as_o olaus_n magnus_n write_v in_o his_o 10_o book_n and_o 13_o chapter_n earthquake_n be_v very_o seldom_o or_o never_o so_o it_o be_v observe_v by_o pliny_n in_o his_o 2_o book_n and_o 18_o chapter_n and_o albertus_n magnus_n in_o his_o 3_o book_n of_o mâ—teours_n tract_n 2_o that_o place_n which_o be_v very_o hot_a as_o egypt_n be_v seldom_o trouble_v with_o this_o shake_n of_o the_o earth_n whereas_o place_n betwixt_o both_o which_o be_v seat_v in_o a_o more_o temperate_a climate_n find_v it_o not_o so_o strange_a 1_o hollow_a and_o spongy_a place_n be_v more_o subject_a to_o earthquake_n then_o solid_a and_o compact_a soil_n we_o must_v here_o understand_v that_o hollow_a place_n be_v either_o such_o as_o lie_v open_a to_o the_o air_n or_o be_v hollow_a only_o under_o and_o close_o upward_o the_o former_a sort_n be_v not_o at_o all_o subject_n to_o the_o molestation_n of_o earthquake_n because_o the_o exhalation_n fly_v out_o without_o impediment_n but_o the_o latter_a being_n more_o apt_a to_o engender_v and_o retain_v such_o matter_n must_v of_o necessity_n be_v more_o trouble_v this_o be_v most_o plain_o observe_v in_o phrygia_n italia_n caria_n lydia_n wherein_o such_o motion_n be_v more_o frequent_a to_o confirm_v this_o a_o little_a far_o we_o observe_v that_o hilly_a and_o mountainous_a place_n suffer_v this_o violence_n often_o than_o other_o part_n because_o there_o most_o common_o cavern_n and_o concavity_n be_v more_o frequent_a than_o in_o plain_a country_n but_o here_o by_o the_o way_n may_v be_v object_v that_o sandy_a and_o slimy_a country_n be_v many_o time_n more_o free_a from_o earthquake_n then_o other_o place_n a_o instance_n whereof_o be_v give_v before_o in_o egypt_n wherein_o never_o any_o earthquake_n as_o most_o author_n affirm_v or_o at_o least_o but_o one_o as_o seneca_n have_v be_v observe_v the_o reason_n may_v be_v give_v that_o sandy_a place_n without_o any_o strife_n suffer_v the_o exhalation_n to_o disperse_v themselves_o that_o slimy_a place_n want_v sufficient_a receptacle_n to_o entertain_v they_o 3_o land_n be_v more_o often_o trouble_v with_o earthquake_n then_o the_o continent_n this_o have_v they_o find_v to_o be_v true_a in_o many_o land_n of_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n and_o other_o also_o chief_o in_o cyprus_n sicylia_n euboea_n tyrus_n angria_n lippora_n and_o the_o molucco_n land_n betwixt_o the_o east_n and_o west-indies_n the_o cause_n some_o will_v have_v to_o be_v the_o antiperistasis_n or_o circumstancy_n of_o the_o water_n which_o be_v apt_a to_o engender_v great_a store_n of_o exhalation_n in_o the_o earth_n but_o nevertheless_o that_o land_n be_v more_o subject_a to_o earthquake_n than_o continent_n i_o dare_v affirm_v no_o otherwise_o then_o probable_a because_o some_o place_n in_o the_o continent_n seem_v very_o much_o affect_v especial_o in_o europe_n above_o other_o place_n constantinople_n and_o basilaea_n if_o we_o credit_n author_n which_o have_v write_v of_o this_o matter_n in_o asia_n china_n and_o other_o region_n adjoin_v thereunto_o chap._n xiii_o 1_o the_o natural_a affection_n of_o the_o land_n have_v hitherto_o be_v declare_v we_o be_v in_o the_o next_o place_n to_o treat_v of_o the_o civil_a those_o we_o term_v civil_a which_o concern_v the_o inhabitant_n 2_o a_o inhabitant_n be_v a_o man_n dwell_v in_o a_o certain_a place_n the_o name_n of_o a_o inhabitant_n as_o we_o have_v before_o note_v may_v be_v take_v either_o general_o for_o any_o live_a creature_n reside_v in_o a_o certain_a place_n in_o which_o sense_n brute_n beast_n may_v be_v call_v inhabitant_n which_o signification_n be_v only_o metaphorical_a or_o else_o for_o a_o reasonable_a live_a creature_n who_o abode_n be_v settle_v in_o any_o place_n or_o region_n in_o which_o sense_n we_o here_o take_v it_o the_o consideration_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n we_o have_v reserve_v for_o this_o last_o treatise_n follow_v as_o well_o the_o method_n of_o the_o first_o creation_n as_o of_o moses_n in_o the_o narration_n for_o god_n proceed_v in_o the_o first_o creation_n according_a to_o the_o
of_o the_o usurp_a turk_n which_o profess_v themselves_o to_o be_v utter_a enemy_n to_o learning_n and_o the_o true_a religion_n to_o which_o we_o may_v add_v the_o ignorance_n of_o the_o christian_a religion_n in_o many_o place_n which_o be_v the_o great_a ground_n of_o solid_a knowledge_n for_o among_o all_o religion_n in_o the_o world_n there_o be_v none_o which_o give_v more_o way_n to_o learning_n then_o the_o christian_a whereas_o some_o other_o altogether_o forbid_v the_o study_n of_o such_o matter_n yet_o be_v not_o this_o inclination_n so_o absurd_a in_o the_o eastern_a people_n but_o that_o everywhere_a some_o mark_n and_o footstep_n will_v discover_v their_o disposition_n for_o in_o the_o east_n shall_v we_o find_v no_o small_a number_n of_o christian_a church_n and_o monastery_n profess_v christianity_n and_o other_o good_a learning_n but_o to_o speak_v no_o more_o of_o the_o christian_a religion_n which_o we_o hold_v rather_o by_o god_n special_a grace_n than_o nature_n the_o superstitious_a devotion_n of_o these_o heathen_a nation_n to_o their_o own_o false_a religion_n be_v a_o sufficient_a argument_n of_o their_o natural_a inclination_n to_o religious_a exercise_n how_o obstinate_o perverse_a ceremonious_a and_o superstitious_a the_o indian_n be_v find_v in_o idolatrous_a religion_n i_o have_v often_o wonder_v to_o hear_v some_o travayler_n report_n of_o the_o other_o hemisphere_n comprehend_v america_n i_o have_v as_o yet_o small_a evidence_n out_o of_o history_n whereon_o to_o ground_v any_o certainty_n all_o we_o can_v say_v shall_v be_v comprise_v in_o this_o theorem_a 2_o the_o eastern_a part_n of_o the_o western_a hemisphere_n be_v people_v before_o the_o western_a this_o proposition_n seem_v probable_o warrant_v as_o well_o by_o reason_n as_o authority_n for_o first_o suppose_v as_o a_o infallible_a ground_n that_o the_o first_o offspring_n of_o all_o nation_n be_v in_o asia_n towards_o the_o east_n it_o must_v needs_o follow_v that_o to_o people_n america_n there_o shall_v be_v a_o passage_n thereunto_o out_o of_o asia_n because_o america_n be_v a_o long_a time_n not_o inhabit_v ere_o it_o be_v discover_v to_o the_o europaean_n this_o passage_n then_o be_v either_o by_o sea_n or_o land_n be_v it_o by_o sea_n the_o first_o part_n whereat_o they_o can_v arrive_v be_v the_o eastern_a side_n if_o we_o suppose_v it_o to_o be_v by_o land_n as_o be_v most_o likely_a in_o those_o ancient_a time_n yet_o be_v it_o most_o probable_a it_o shall_v be_v on_o the_o north-east_n side_n from_o the_o pole_n because_o it_o be_v find_v by_o observation_n that_o on_o the_o northwest_n side_n it_o be_v divide_v from_o asia_n by_o streite_n then_o must_v they_o first_o touch_v on_o the_o eastern_a part_n to_o this_o we_o may_v add_v the_o experience_n of_o the_o castilian_n and_o portugall_n who_o first_o discover_v this_o part_n who_o affirm_v that_o the_o people_n dwell_v on_o that_o side_n have_v be_v observe_v to_o surpass_v the_o western_a by_o far_o in_o civility_n of_o manner_n knowledge_n and_o such_o endowment_n which_o may_v be_v a_o argument_n of_o the_o antiquity_n of_o their_o plantation_n chap._n xv._n 1._o the_o second_o diversity_n of_o disposition_n of_o inhabitant_n arise_v from_o the_o diverse_a nature_n of_o the_o soil_n here_o four_o distinction_n of_o nation_n be_v remarkable_a 1_o of_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o mountain_n and_o plaine-countreyes_n 2_o of_o marish_a and_o dry_a 3._o of_o windy_a and_o quiet_a 4._o of_o sea-border_n and_o iland-people_n that_o man_n disposition_n be_v diverse_o vary_v according_a to_o the_o temper_n of_o the_o soil_n every_o man_n own_o experience_n may_v easy_o inform_v he_o for_o to_o reserve_v particular_a instance_n to_o their_o proper_a place_n it_o be_v most_o manifest_a that_o all_o the_o vital_a operation_n of_o the_o soul_n depend_v as_o well_o upon_o the_o corporeal_a and_o organical_a part_n as_o the_o spirit_n which_o be_v diverse_o affect_v by_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o air_n and_o earth_n must_v needs_o vary_v and_o suffer_v a_o change_n plain_o and_o evident_a disparity_n be_v find_v first_o betwixt_o two_o nation_n situate_v in_o the_o same_o parallel_n or_o climate_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o heaven_n second_o betwixt_o two_o man_n bear_v in_o several_a country_n live_v together_o for_o some_o time_n in_o the_o same_o region_n three_o of_o one_o and_o the_o selfsame_o man_n live_v at_o diverse_a time_n in_o diverse_a region_n four_o of_o a_o man_n live_v in_o the_o same_o country_n at_o diverse_a season_n and_o time_n all_o which_o be_v heretofore_o demonstrate_v will_v declare_v unto_o we_o the_o great_a sympathy_n and_o operation_n the_o air_n and_o his_o diverse_a quality_n have_v with_o and_o on_o our_o corporeal_a spirit_n and_o organ_n but_o the_o temperament_n of_o the_o air_n as_o we_o have_v former_o show_v depend_v on_o the_o temperature_n of_o the_o soil_n whence_o it_o must_v needs_o follow_v that_o the_o natural_a disposition_n of_o man_n shall_v be_v vary_v somewhat_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o soil_n this_o disposition_n of_o the_o soil_n be_v manifold_a we_o have_v reduce_v only_o to_o three_o head_n leave_v other_o curiosity_n to_o such_o as_o have_v more_o leisure_n what_o we_o judge_v in_o this_o shall_v be_v declare_v in_o these_o theorem_n 1_o mountain_n people_n be_v for_o the_o most_o paâ—t_a more_o stout_a warlike_a and_o generous_a than_o those_o of_o plain_a country_n yet_o less_o tractable_a to_o government_n of_o the_o warlike_a disposition_n of_o the_o mountanist_n and_o their_o strange_a impatience_n to_o subjection_n many_o history_n give_v testimony_n geographer_n repor_fw-la that_o set_v aside_o the_o people_n of_o the_o north_n to_o who_o for_o strength_n and_o valour_n we_o have_v give_v the_o palm_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o mountain_n atlas_n be_v great_a and_o strong_a out_o of_o who_o the_o king_n of_o numidia_n and_o mauritania_n in_o time_n of_o war_n be_v wont_a to_o levy_v their_o force_n and_o it_o be_v worthy_a admiration_n to_o consider_v the_o mountain_n people_n of_o arabia_n who_o can_v never_o be_v draw_v to_o yield_v to_o subjection_n but_o be_v fortify_v not_o somuch_o by_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o place_n as_o some_o may_v happy_o imagine_v but_o rather_o by_o natural_a strength_n and_o valour_n have_v always_o live_v in_o liberty_n to_o who_o as_o be_v report_v the_o turk_n give_v a_o yearly_a stipend_n to_o keep_v they_o off_o from_o invade_v the_o territory_n of_o palestine_n and_o damascus_n of_o the_o maâ—sians_n the_o ancient_a inhabitant_n of_o the_o apennine_a mountain_n in_o italy_n the_o roman_n be_v wont_n so_o well_o to_o conceive_v that_o it_o grow_v into_o a_o proverb_n sine_fw-la marsis_n triumphasse_n neminem_fw-la gostane_n when_o he_o go_v about_o to_o invade_v the_o kingdom_n of_o succia_n choose_v his_o legion_n of_o soldier_n out_o of_o the_o dalecarly_n who_o inhabit_v the_o succian_a mountain_n 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own_o right_n but_o make_v many_o hostile_a