Tabrobane Melinde Cannonor and others they take on the left hande costing the Ile of S. Laurence guiding the head of the ship to Weast or Southweast hauing the winde at Weaste Northweaste This countrey of the Easte Indies extendeth so farre that many iudge it to be the thirde parte of the worlde Mela and Diodorus writeth y t the sea compassing these Indies from the South to the Easte is of such a greatnesse that with much payne they can passe though the wind be fauorable in the space of fortie dayes but I dare affirme twice fortie This countrey therefore is on that side compassed with the sea which bicause of that is named the Indian sea or Indique confining towardes the North to the hill Cancasa and is named India of a Riuer named Indus as Tartaria of the Riuer Tartar passing by the countrey of the greate King Chan. Yt is inhabited with people of diuers kinds as well in manners as in Religion A great parte is vnder the ohedience of Prester Iohn the which holdeth the Christian Fayth the others are Mahometists as we haue before shewed speaking of Ethiopia and others are Idolaters The other way at the departing of this Caape that is on the right hand leadeth to America the which we folowed hauing the wind good and fauorable neuerthelesse we remayned a good long time on the water as well for the distaunce of the places as for the winde that afterwarde fell contrarie the which made vs to lynger euen to the eightene degrée of our lyne and then agayne it began to fauor vs. Before passing any farther I will shewe a thing that is worthy of memorie Aproching or drawing néere to America within fiftie leagues we began to smell the ayre of the lande otherwyse than the smell of the sea with such a swéete and pleasant smell of the Trées Herbes Fruits and Floures of the countrey that neuer balme were it the balme of Egypte that euer smell swéeter or pleasanter Therefore I leaue you to thinke or iudge what greate ioye the poore Nauigantes had although that of a long time before they had eaten no breade also being out of hope to recouer any for their retourne The next day which was the laste day of October about nine of the clocke in the morning we discried the high hills of Croistmouron although that was not the place whereas we pretended to goe wherefore costing the lande a thrée or foure Leagues not minding to descend a lande being well enformed that the inhabitantes there are allyed with the Portingals and therefore for nothing we woulde aborde or descende there keping on our way till the second of Nouember that we aryued to a certayne place named Maqueh for to enquire of things specially of the King of Portingals Armye whereas preparing our boates and barges for to come a shore and set foote on lande there appeared foure olde men of the countrey for that the yong men were gone to the warre the which olde men at the firste fled away thinking we had bene Portingals their enimies but shewing them a token of assurance in the ende they came néere vs. Neuerthelesse staying there not aboue foure and twentie houres we hoyssed sayle for to drawe towarde Caape de Frie distant from Maqueh twentie fiue leagues This countrey is maruellous fayre in tymes past inhabited by the Portingals the which gaue it that name which before was called Gekan and there they reared a tort minding there to remayne for bicause of the goodnesse of the place But within a shorte tyme after for what cause I knowe not but the Barbarous men of the countrey made them all to dye and eate them vp as they vse customably their enimies And at our ariuall they helde two Portingals that they had taken in a little boate and to them they though to doe the lyke to whom our comming was a pleasure for by vs they were recouered out of the handes of these cruell inhabitantes Pomponius Meleus calleth this Caape of which we speake the front of Africa for that beyonde it bendeth lyke an Angle and retourneth by little and little into the North and East there whereas is the ende of the mayne land and of Africa of the which Ptolomeus had neuer any knowlege This Caape also is the chiefe or heade of Newe Africa the which towarde Capricorne extendeth to the mountaynes of Habacia and Gaiacia the flat countrey is little inhabited it is very brutish and Barbarous yea monstrous not that the men are so disformed as many haue written as though that in their sléepe they had dreamed it being not afrayde to affirme that there are people of whome their eares hang to their héeles others with one eye in the foreheade as Arismases others without heade others hauing but one foote but of such a bredth that therewith they may shadowe them selues against the heate of the Sunne and they call them Monomeres Monosceles and Sciapodes certaine others being ignorant doe write yet more strangenesse yea late writers writing without iudgement reason or experience I will not altogether denye the monsters which are vnnaturall approued by the Philosophers and affirmed by experience But I doe impugne things that are so farre out of reason let vs returne to our Promentarie There is founde diuers kindes of dangerous beastes venomous among others the Basiliscus hurtfull to the inhabitants also to the strangers and to those that go to fish on the Borders This Basiliscus as euery man may know is a venomous beast that killeth a man with his onely looke the body about nine inches long the head like fier vpō y t which ther is a white spot in maner of a crowne the mouth red the rest of the face of blacke colour the which I knowe by the skinne that I dyd sée in the handes of an Arabian he chaseth away all other Serpentes with his hissing as Lucian sayth for to remayne alone master of the fielde To be short I may say with Salust that there dyeth more people by wilde beasts in Africa than by any other inconuenience This much thought I good to speake by the way Of the Iland Madagascar otherwise of S. Laurence Cap. 23. THE great desire that I haue to let slip nothing that is necessarie and profitable to the Readers bindeth me that I thinke it the office and duetie of a writer to treate of al things that partayne to his argument without leauing one word out the which thing hath stired me vp to set out in this place this Ilande so notable hauing seuenty eight degrées of longitude no minut and of latitude aleuen degrées and thirtie minutes very well peopled and inhabited with blacke wilde men within a certayne time the which kepe or holde the like maner of Religion as the Mahometists some being Idolaters but after another manner It was firste discouered by the Portingals and named S. Laurence and before Madagascar in their language
doeth more increase Thus far touching Perou which in our retourne we coasted on y e left hand as in sayling thether we costed Africa Of the Ilands of Perou and chiefly of the Spanish Iland Cap. 71. NOw y t I haue shewed of y e lande of Perou seing y t in y e course we haue in oure returne costed certaine Ilands on the Weast Sea called the Ilands of Perou for that they border the lande I thinke it good in lyke case somewhat to write thereof for bicause we were some to the heigth of one of these Ilandes named the Spanish Iland by those that first did discouer it being before named Haiti which is as much to say as sharpe or sower land Also it was named Quisqueia the great and of a truthe it is so faire and great that from the east to the west it is .50 leagues long and of bredth from the North to the South .40 and in compasse or cyrcuit more than .400 and is beyond the Equinoctiall lyne .18 degrees hauing toward the East the Iland of Saint Iohn with many other small Ilands much to be feared and dangerous for Saylers and toward the West it hath the Ilands of Cuba and Iamaica on the North syde the Ilands of the Canibals and toward the South the Cape of Vela planted on the mayne land This Iland sheweth lyke to Sycilly in tymes past that first was named Trinacria for y t it had .3 promētaries very eminēt lyke vnto that of which we speake the which hath thrée standing very farre into the Sea of the which the first is named Tyburon the second Higney y e third Labos which is a syde of y e Iland which they haue named Beata almost full of y e wood Gaiac In this Spanish Iland are found many fayre Riuers among y e which y t chiefest named Orane passeth rounde aboute y e chiefest Citie named by y e Spaniards Sainst Dominick the others are Nequa Hatibonice Haqua full of very good fishe and pleasant to eate the which is bicause of the temperatnesse of the Ayre and goodnesse of the ground and of the water these Riuers runne about into the Sea almost all on the East syde y e which méeting together make a very large Riuer bancked on both sydes before that this Iland was discouered of y t Christiās it was inhabited with wilde men that were Idolaters worshipping the diuel who shewed him self to them in diuers similitudes lykenesse Also they made many sundry Idols according to the visions sights that they had as they do at this present in many Ilands maine land of that countrey the others worship many gods chiefly one aboue the rest the which they esteme to be a maker of all things and they represēt his figure in an Idoll of wood being set in some trée garnished with leaues and fethers Likewise they worship the Sunne the Moone other celestiall creatures the which now the inhabitāts that are there do not vse for that they are reformed to y t Christian faith and to all kynde of ciuilitie I know wel that in times paste there haue ben some y t haue not regarded it We reade of Caius Caligula an Emperor of Rome though he dispraised hated y t diuine power yet neuerthelesse he quaked trembled for feare when y t there appeared any shew or tokē of gods wrath But before y t this Iland of which we speake was brought to subiection vnder the Spaniards as I haue ben enformed of those that were at the conquest the wylde men killed aboue ten thousād Christians vntil y t the Spaniards had fortified thē selues in certain places after which time they killed a great multitude of y e inhabitants y e rest y t were left they led captiue into diuers countreys and made them slaues And after this sort they haue vsed them of y e Ilands of Cuba of S. Iohn Iamaique the holy crosse the Canibals with many other Ilands maine countrys For at the first the Spaniards Portingals for that they would haue the better dominion rule learned to liue after their maner alluring them by gifts and faire woordes always keping them in their fauor vntill that in proces of time they saw how that they were able to mate and ouercome them then they began to reuolte from their former vse taking this rude people and vsing them lyke slaues they prouoked them to labor the earth otherwise they had neuer come to the perfection of their enterprise The mightiest kings of this countrey are in Casco and Apina rich and famous Ilands aswell for the Golde and Siluer that there is founde as for the fruitfulnesse of the land The inhabitāts weare nothing but Golde about them as large bouckles of two or thrée pound waight y e péece hanging at their eares the weight whereof maketh their eares to hang halfe a foote long the which causeth the Spaniards to cal them greate eares This Iland is very rich in Mynes of Golde as are many others of that countrey for there are founde few or none but either hath Mynes of Gold or Siluer Furthermore it doeth abounde with horned beastes as Oxen Kyne Shéepe Goates and an infinit number of Hogs also very fayre Horses the which beastes for the most parte are become wylde as we haue shewed of the maine lande As touching Corne and wyne they haue none but that which is brought from other places and therefore in stede of bread they eate much Cassade made of the meale of Rootes and in sted of wyne they haue very good and swéete drynks made of diuerse fruites as the Syder of Normandy They haue an infinit number of good fish of the which some are very straunge among the which there is one named Manaty the which is taken in the ryuers and also in the Sea but the greatest store are in Ryuers This fish is lyke to a Bucke or Goats skynne being fylled wyth oyle or wine hauing two féete on both sydes of the shoulders with the which he swimmeth and from the brest to the tayle deminisheth of greatnesse his head is lyke to the head of an Oxe hauing a slender face the chyn ful great and very lyttle eyes this fish is ten foote broade twenty foote long hauing a graye skynne heary lyke to an Oxe hyde so that with his skynne the people of the coūtrey make showes according to their maner his féete are all rounde garnished eche one with foure long clawes lyke to the féete of an Oliphant This fish is more disformed and mishapen than any kynde of fish in that countrey Notwithstanding very good to eate hauing a tast more lyke to vele than fishe The inhabitans of that countrey do gather the grease of the sayde fishe for that it is very good for their Goate skyns of the which they make very good marokyns the black slaues or Neigers do anoynt their bodies there with to
Syluer The slaues do no other thing but worke fetch Syluer from the Myne they cary it to the principall and chief towne of that countrey the wich was edifyed at the bottome of the hyll by the Spaniards Synce this Myne was found out all the countries Ilands mayne lands be Inhabited with certaine wylde men all naked as in other places of America Thus much as touching Perou and of his Ilands A description of Noua Espania and of the great citie of Themistitan edified in the vvest Indies Cap. 73. FOr bicause that it is not possible for all men to sée seÌ„sibly all things during his age be it either bicause of the continuall alteration and changing of things that are here in this world or bicause of y e long distaÌ„ce of places countries God hath giuen the meane to represent them not onely by writing but also by picture by the industry labor of those that haue sene them I haue sene set out by figure many auncient as those of Iason of Acteon Eneas Hercules many other things y e which we may dayly sée in their proper forme without figure as are many kynds of wild beasts For this cause I mynd to set forth rehearse vnto you y e great large citie of Thimistitan as nere as is possible being sure certaine y t few among you haue sene it neither can ye well go sée it bicause of the long dangerous nauigation that it behoueth ye to make Themistitan is a citie edified in newe Spayne the which taketh his beginning at the straight of Ariana and endeth on the north side at the riuer of Canuca In times past it was named Anauak and since because it was discouered and inhabited of Spaniardes it hath receiued the name of newe Spaine Among the which landes the first inhabited was Iucathan the which hath a point of lande lying out into y e sea like vnto the lande of Florida notwithstanding that those which make the Cardes Marius haue forgotteÌ„ to make the best the which setteth out their shew or description Now this Noua Espania on the East West and South side is compassed with the west sea and on the North side to the new world the which being inhabited is séene beyond in the same North an other lande not known of the Modernes for the which I will not stand therein Themistitan which is a strong Citie great and very riche in the countrey before named is founded on a greate Lake the way that goeth to this Citie is not broader than the length of two speares being so named of him that laide the foundation named Tenuth sonne to the Kinge Iztacmixcoatz This citie hath onely two gates the one to enter in the other for to come out at And not farre from the Citie is a bridge of wood a tenne foote broad the which was made for the encreasing diminishing of the waters for that Lake riseth and falleth like vnto the Sea And for the defence of the citie there is yet many others like in maner to Venice edified in the sea That countrey is coÌ„passed with very high mountains the plaine cuntrey hath in circuit .150 leagues in the which is fouÌ„d .ij. lakes that occupy a great part therof for bicause y t these .ij. lakes haue of circuit .50 leagues of the which thone is fresh water in the which is many good small fishe and the other is salte water the which besyde his bitternesse is venemous and therefore it can nourish no fish the which is against the opinion of those that thinck it to be but one Laake The playne is separated from the sayd Laakes by certaine mountaynes and at their farthest parte they are ioyned with a straight or narow land by the which men are conducted with barkes and boates euen into the Citie the which is standing on the salt water from thence to the mayne land on the causy side it is foure leagues And I cannot compare the greatnesse thereof better than to Venise For to enter into the sayd Citie there is foure ways made of stones artificially wheras there are two cundits or fountaines of y e greatnesse of two paces and of a mans heigth from one of the which is conducted fresh water into the Citie y e which is of the heigth of fiue foote and the water runneth a long euen to the middest of the Citie of the which they drynke and vse it in their nedeful businesse The other Chanel they kéepe emptie for this reason when y t they will â—lense that same wherein the fresh water is they bring all the filth of the Citie with the other to y e land and bicause that the chanels passe by the bridges by the places whereas the salt water entereth goeth oute they conduct the sayd water by swéete and cleane chanells the heigth of a pace Vpon this Laake y t compasseth the Citie the Spaniards haue made many fayre houses places of pleasure some vpon little Rocks others vpon pyles of woode Moreouer Themistitan staÌ„deth a .xx. degrées of eleuation aboue the lyne Equinoctiall and hath .272 degrées of longitude It was taken by strength by Ferdinand of Cortes being captaine generall for the Emperor in those partes of the yeare of grace .1521 containing than .70000 houses little and great The kings palaice which was named Mutuezuma with those of the lords of y e towne was faire great and large The Indians that then did inhabit this Citie had a custome to kepe euery fyue daies the market in places thereto appointed their trade was fethers of byrds with the which they made diuers and sundry things as gounes fashioned after their maner Tapistry woorke and other things And to these sciences were the oldest sorte occupied When they would go worship their great Idoll the which was erected in the myddest of the Citie lyke vnto a theatre who when they had taken any of theyr enimies in the war did sacrifice them to their Idolls and then eate them holding this for a kynde of religion Furthermore their trade was beastes skynnes of the which they made gounes hose and a kynde of hoodes for to kepe them as well from the colde as from stynging flyes The inhabitans at this daye which before were cruel and vnhumaine by succession of time haue so well changed their maners and conditions that in stead of barbarous and cruell they are ciuill and gratious in such sort that they haue left all theyr former naughtie and wicked doings the which they were wont to vse as in killing one another eating humayne fleshe to haue company with the first woman y t they met without hauing regarde either to kindred or degrée with other lyke vices and imperfections Their houses are sumptuously buylded Among other things there is a fayre palaice where as the Armour of y e Citie is kept the streates and places of this Citie are so straight
that from one gate one may sée to the other without any let To be short this citie at this present is so fortified and compassed with strong walls and rampers lyke in forme and fashion to oures in Europe and it is one of the greatest fayrest and rychest that is in all the prouinces of y e west Indies taking from y e straight of Magellan which is beyond the lyne .52 degrees vnto the last furthest land of Abrador y e which holdeth .51 degrées of latitude on this syde y e lyne on y e North side Of Florida Cap. 74. SEing that in writing this discourse we haue made mention of this lande called Florida although that in our retorne we approched not so neare considering that our course lay not altogether so low neuerthelesse we sayled close by to take an easterly wynde It séemeth to me not out of the way to write thereof some thing Lykewise of the land of Canada that is next to it toward y e North being onely certaine mouÌ„taines betwene bothe Therefore keping our course of the height of new Spaine on y e right hande to attaine to Europe not so sone nor so right a course as we wished to haue gone we found the sea fauorable ynough But as by chaunce I put out my head for to beholde it I saw it as farre as I could extend my sight all couered with herbes and floures the which gaue me occasion to think that we were nere to y e land considering also y t in other places of y e sea I had not so much séene notwithstanding I found my selfe incontinently frustrate of my opinion knowing that they proceded of y e sea so y e we saw the sea strawed with those hearbs for y e space of .20 days The sea in y e part hath smal store of fish for thâ—se places séeme rather to be marishes than otherwise Shortly after appeared another signe and forshewing of a starre with a long tayle from y e East into the North the which forshewings I leaue to the iudgement of Astronomers and to the experience of those that haue knowledge therein After this which was worse we were troubled with a contrary wind the terme of nyne dayes euen to the heigth of our Florida That place is a poynt of lande entring into the full Sea a hundreth leagues being .25 leagues a shelfe or shallow .25 degrées and a half on this syde the lyne a hundreth leagues from Caape de Baxa Therfore this great land of Florida is very daungerous for those that sayle of the coast of Cataia Canibalu Panuca and Themistitan for to sight a farre of it would be iudged an Iland lying out in y e mayne Sea Furthermore this place is dangerous bicause of the running waters wyndes and tempests that are in that coast commonly As touching the mayne lande of Florida it hath on the east syde the prouince of Chicoma and the Ilands named Bahana and Lucaia On the west syde lyeth noua Espania the which diuideth in the land that is named Anauae of the which we haue before shewed The best and most fruitfullest countries that are in Florida is Panuae y t which bordereth Noua Espania The people of the countrey are naturally cruell and mightie men being all Idolaters who when that they haue néede either of water or sunne for their gardens and rootes with the which they dayly liue then they will fall doune before their Idolls that are maâ—â— to the similitude of men or of beastes Besides this these people are more and better practised in the feats of warre than the people of Perou When they go to the warrs they beare their king on foure mens shoulders in a beastes skinne and they that beare him are clad and garnished with riche feathers And when that they come to hande strokes they set their king in the middest of them clad with fine skinnes and he will neuer depart from thence vntill the battell be ended Also if that they feele them selues to bée the weaker sort and that their kyng beginneth to flée they wyll not fayle to kill hym the which order the Persians and other barbarous nations in the East parte obserue at this day their weapons of defence are bowes and arrowes made of wood enuenomed the whiche in stede of Iron heades are garnished at the ende with bones of fishes or wilde beasts the whiche is very sharpe Some of them will eate their enimies as the Americanes will doe of whom we haue spoken And although this people as we haue before shewed are Idolaters neuerthelesse they beléeue the soule to be immortall Also that there is a place appointed for the wicked the whiche is a very colde land and that the Gods permit that the sinnes of the wicked shall be punished Also they beleue that there is an infinite numbre of people in the skies and as many vnder the earth with many other folies the which may better be compared to the transformations of Ouide than to any other thyng Furthermore they beleue these things to be true as Turkes and Arabians do that which is writen in their Alcoran This countrey towarde the sea is not verie fruitfull the people are very rusticall more than those of Perou or of America for that they are traded wyth strangers This lande was named Florida in the yere 1512. by those that first dyd discouer it for bicause that by the sea side it was flourishing with gréene trées and with an infinite number of â—â—cures of diuers sundry colours Betwene this Florida and the riuer of Palme are to be seene diuers kinds of monstrous and strange beastes among which ther is a kind of great Bulles hauing hornes a foote long and on the backe a croupe like to a Camell the heare long all about the bodie hauing a dunnish colour Of these beasts there were once two that were broughte quicke into Spayne of one of the which I saw the skin and not otherwise and they liued there but a short time This beast as it is said is perpetual enimie to the horsse can not abide him to be by him In Florida toward the Caape of Baxe there are certaine litle riuers where as the wylde men gather oisters that haue pearles Now seing that we ar come to the gathering of oysters I will not forget by what meanes they get out these pearles as wel in the east Indians as in the West Ye must note that euery chiefe or head housholder hauyng a greate number of slaues knowing not to what labour to set them about they sende them to-gather oysters of the whiche they gather baskets full for their masters putting them into certain great vessells which being halfe full of water is an occasion that the oysters beyng conserued therin certaine dayes do open and the water clensing them leaueth these stones or perles within these vessels And to get them out they first take the oisters out of the vessell and
then they lette the water oute by a hole vnder the which they lay a linnen cloth least that with the water the stones or pearles that mighte be should runne out As touching the figure of these Oysters they differ much from ours as well in colour as in shell hauing eche of them certain litle holes which would be thought to haue ben made artificially in the which holes are these pearles Thus muche thought I good to speake of by the way the like also are found at Perou and certaine other stones in good number but the finest are founde in the Riuer of Palme and in the riuer of Panuco the which are distant the one from the other .32 leagues but the christians haue not libertie to get them bicause that the wilde men of that countrie are not yet conuerted to our christian faith Now therfore coasting Florida on the left hand the winde beyng to vs contrary we sayled very néere to Canada and to an other countrey that is called Baccalos which was against our wills and to our great displeasure bicause of the extreme colde that molested vs the terme of eightene dayes although that this lād of Baccalos entreth farre into the full sea in forme of a point welnigh two hundreth leagues on the north side distant from the line onely fortie eight degrées Thys pointe was named Baccales bicause of a certaine fishe that is found thereabout in the sea whiche they name Baccales betwene which and the Cape Delgado there is diuers Ilāds peopled very dāgerous to aboord bicause of the multitude of rocks that compasse the sayd Ilandes they are called the Ilands of Cortes Some iudge them not to be Ilands but mayne lande hangyng vpon the point of Baccalles These places were first discouered by an Englishman named Sebastian Babat who informed Kyng Henry the seuenth that by that waye he would sayle into the countrie of Catia towards the Northe and that by this meanes he woulde fynde spices and other thyngs as well as the Kyng of Portingal dyd in the east Indies Neuerthelesse his mynd was to go to Perou America for to people that cuntrie with Englishmē but his purpose toke no effect True it is y t he landed toward the coast of Irelād in y e north .300 mē where as bicause of the extreme colde the most part of his men dyed thoughe it were in the moneth of Iuly And since Iames Quartier a Briton made thither two voyages as he hym selfe shewed me in the yeare .1530 and .1535 Of the lande of Canada before named Baccalos being discouered in oure time and how the inhabitants liue Ca. 75. FOr bicause that this countrey lying in the Northe was discouered in oure time first by Sebastian Babat an Englisheman and then by Iames Quartier a Briton beyng well séene in nauigation who toke vpon him the voyage at the commaundemente of the kyng of France Francisce the first I think it good therfore somewhat to write the which semeth to me most worthie to be noted although that accordyng to the order of our voyage homewardes it ought to go before the next Chapter Moreouer that which moueth me so to doe is that I haue not séene any that hathe treated otherwise although to my iudgement the thyng doth merite it and that I haue surely learned it of the sayd Iames Quartier This lande being almoste vnder the Pole artike is ioyned towarde the Weast to Florida and to the Ilandes of Perou and since is coasted by the west toward Baccalles of which we haue spoken The which place I think be the same that those which lately haue discouered and named Canada as it happeneth many times that some will giue name to that whiche is out of others knowledge the which toward the east extendeth to the sea called Hyperbores on the other side to a mayne lande called Campestra de Berga to the Southeast ioyning to this countrey There is a Caape called Loraine otherwise by them that discouered it the lande of Britons being nere to new founde lande hauing not in distance aboue .x. or .xij leagues betwene them This new founde land bordreth this hie lād the which we haue named Caape Loraine and towards the north-northeast betweene both lieth an Iland which hath in compasse about foure leagues The said lād beginneth euen at the sayd Caape towards the Southe and extendeth east north-northeast and west Southwest the most part thereof extending to the lande of Florida lying like an halfe circle drawing towarde Themistitan Now to return to Caape Loraine of the which we haue spoken it lieth to the lande towards the north whiche is ranged with the sea Meditarium as Italy betweene the sea Adriatike and the sea Ligustike And from the sayd Caape going towards the West and west southwest the shore is to be séene about two hundreth leagues and all sandie and silte without any port or hauen This region is inhabited with many people of an indifferent gret stature very malicious hauing most cōmonly their faces disfigured couered with vizards of red and blew which colours they haue of certayne fruites This lande was discouered by Iames Quartier a Bryton borne at S. Maloes in the yeare .1535 At that time besides the number of shippes that he had for the performaunce of his voyage with certaine barkes some with .60 and 80. men a piece he fought out this vnknowne countrie vntill he came to a great brode riuer to the which they gaue a name in the whiche is founde very good fish chiefly Salmons and that great plentie then they traded into so many places adiacēt with kniues hatchets hookes and lynes to fishe with and such like for Hartes skinnes and skinnes of other wild beastes wherof there is great store The wilde men of the countrey gaue them good entertainement shewing them selues well affectioned towardes them and glad of their comming knowledge and amitie and with their practise in bargainyng with them After this they passyng further founde other people contrary to the first as well in their language as in their maner of liuyng the which people sayd that they came from the great riuer Chelogua for to make war against their neighbors which afterward was known of a truthe by Iames Quartier who toke one of their skiffes with seuen men wherof he reserued twaine which he brought into Fraunce and at his second voyage did carie them backe againe and also they returned againe and were made Christians ended their liues in Fraunce Moreouer the sayde Quartier coulde not learne the maner of liuing of the first Barbariens neither what commoditie is in their countrey and region bicause that it was not before frequented nor traded Of an other countrey of Canada Cap. 76. AS touching the other part of this Region of Canada where as remayne and inhabite the last wilde men It hath ben since discouered beyond the sayd riuer of Chelogua being more thā thrée or
clymat zone or paralegie it be aswel of the sea costes Ilandes and mayne land the temperatnesse of the ayre the forme and maner of liuing of the inhabitants the forme and propertie of beasts of the earth and of the sea also of trees and roots with their frutes mines and precious stones shewing it liuely and truely as neare as is possible As touching the reste I wold thinke my selfe happie if that it would please you to accepte and receiue this my little labor with as willing a heart as I doe present it as for the rest I am assured that it wil be agreable if the Reader thinke well and way in his minde the long and dangerous peregrination that I haue taken in hand for to see with the eye to bring to light those things most memoriall that I cold note and gather together as hereafter shalbe sene The first Chapter How the Author tooke shipping ALthough that the firmament and all things that are contayned vnder the Moone euen to the scope of the earth séeme as the veritie is to haue bene made for man yet neuerthelesse it is so that dame Nature mother of all things hath bene and is alwayes such a one that she hath preserued and kept hid within the things that are most precious and excellentest of hir worke yea she hath remised hir selfe contrary to things artificiall the moste expertest workeman that euer was were it Appelles or Phidias euen so as in the outwarde shew remayneth the paynting grauing or decking of the vessel or statue and within it remayneth altogether rude and vnpollished But in nature we sée the contrary Let vs first take example by the humayne body Al the art and excellencie of nature is hidden within also of al other naturall bodies the exterior or outwarde parte is nothing in comparison if that of the interior part it taketh not his perfection The earth sheweth outwardly a sorowful and heauy face being for the most parte couered with stones thornes and thistles or such lyke but if the husbandman minde to open it with the plough he shall finde this vertue so excellent redy to bring him forth abundance and to recompence him a thousand folde Also the vertue of the roote of the plante being without a harde barcke sometimes single sometimes double that part of the frute that is most precious wherein the vertue to bring forth his lyke is hid within as in the surest place or belly of the sayd frute Euen as the laborer or husbandman hauing tylled the earth receiueth thereby greate profit and aduantage others not contented onely to sée the waters would in like case sounde them by the way of this noble Nauigatiō with shippes and vessels and for bicause that thereby they haue founde gathered inestimable riches y t which is not without reason seing al things were made for man the Nauigation is become by little little so frequented and folowed of men that many not continually remaining in vnconstant Ilands haue in the end aborded the mayne land good and fruitfull the which before the experiēce was not thought neither according to the opiniō of our elders Therefore the principal cause of our Nauigatiō was for that Mounsieur de Villegagnon knight of Malta a very expert gentleman as wel in Nauigation as in other honest comely affaires hauing with more deliberation receiued the Kings commaundement for that he was sufficiently enformed of my voyage made into the countrey of Leuant and the good perfect knowledge that I had in Nauigation did most instantly request me yea vnder the Authoritie of the King my soueraygne Lorde Prince to whom I owe all honor obedience charging and commaunding me to assist him in the accomplishing of his enterprise the which I frely graūted as wel for the obediēce that I will giue to my natural Prince according to my capacitie as also for the honestie of the thing although it was payneful And therfore the sixt day of May 1555. after that the sayd Mounsieur de Villegagnon had giuen order for the rigging and trimming of his ships for munitions other things of warre but with much greater difficultie than to an Armie marching on the lād and to the qualitie of his men of al estats gentlemē souldiers and diuers artificers to be short all things being made redy and prepared in as good order as might be the tyme being come for vs to take shipping at new Hauen a porte town the cause why it was so named I will shew before passing further being so named to my iudgement of this worde that signifieth sea or straight or if you say Hauen ab hauriendis aquis lying in Normandie whereas forsaking the lande we hoysed sayle sayling vpon that great sea by good right named Occean bicause of his raging of this Greke word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 as som iudge being wholy vnder the power and mercy of the winde and waues I know well that in times past according to the superstitious Religion of the Gentiles many made their Vowes Prayers and Sacrifices to diuers Goddes according as their necessitie did shewe then among those that would goe on the water some before hande would caste some péece of money therein as a presente or offering for to cause the Goddes of y e sea to be fauorable and to appease their Ire Others attributing som deuinitie to the windes thought to appease them by strange ceremonies As we find the Calabrians to haue done to Lapix a wind so named likewise the Thurins and Pamphiliens to certayne others Also we reade in Aeneidos in Virgill if it be worthy of credence that notwithstanding the importunate prayer of Iuno to Aeolus King of windes the miserable Troyan remayned on the sea and the quarrell of the Goddes that did folowe By this we may euidently knowe the error and abuse with the which the Antiquitie was blinded being an erronious and damnable opinion attributing to one of the least creatures and vnder the power of man that which appertayneth to the onely Creator to whome I cannot sufficiently giue prayse in this place for his fauor shewed to vs in deliuering vs out of such blinded ignoraunce And for my parte for that of his onely grace he hath so fauoured our voyage that giuing vs a good full winde we haue safely and peaceably passed the streights and from thence to the Canaries Ilands distant from the equinoctial .27 degrées and from our France fiue hūdreth leagues or there about Now for many reasons I thought good to begin this my discourse at our embarkment and shipping as by a more certaine and sure meane the which being done I thinke louing Reader if that you take pleasure to reade it I doute not but to guide you from point to point and from place to place euen from the beginning vnto the end as right as is possible obseruing the longitude and latitude of countries Neuerthelesse whereas I
ginger muske gray amber myrabolanes rubarbe gold pearles and other richesse specially in the Ilandes of Matel Magian Tidora and Terenata nere inough the one to the other thinking by this same straight to find a way more shorter and necessarie was minded to attempt it departing from the Canaries to the Ilandes of Caape verde keping his right course to the promontarie of saincte Augustine eight degrées beside the line coasting neare to the Caape of Virgins distant from the Equinoctial fiftie two degrées néere to the straight before spoken And after he had sailed the space of fiue dayes from the east right to the West on the Ocean the which in swelling or flowing caried them without sayle right to the South the which made them ioyful glad although the most part of their men were dead by the incōmodities of the sea the aire but chiefly by hunger thirst In this straight are many fair Ilands but not inhabited the country about is very baren ful of hilles and mountaines and there is founde nothing but rauishyng beastes birdes of diuers kindes chiefly Estriges woodde of diuers sorts Cedres and others Also an other kynde of trée bearing fruite almoste like a cherie but muche more pleasant to eate This is the occasion and how this straight was founde out since they haue founde out an other waye sailyng vpon a great riuer on the coast of Perou in the land of Chagra foure lagues from Panana and from the goulfe S. Michel .25 leagues Not long after a captaine hauing sailed a certaine time vpon these floodes aduentured to visite the countrey And the king of the wylde men of that countrey named in their language Therea receiued hym very gently with presentes of golde and pearles as certaine Spaniardes haue shewed me that were in their cōpanie although y t in going on the land they were not without greate daunger as well for the wilde beastes as other incommodities They founde afterwarde a certaine number of the inhabitauntes of the countrey very wilde and more to be feared than the first to the which for the smal trust and confidence that they had in them they offered and promised theyr seruice and friendshyp specially to their King whome they call Atorizo of whome also they receyued certaine presentes as great pieces of golde waying ten pounde After that they had giuen to him also of suche things as they had and thought would be moste to hys contentation the which was small yron wourke shirtes and gownes of small value In the ende with good guide they came vnto Daryen from thence they entred in and discouered the south sea on the other coast or side of America in the which are the Moluques wher as they hauing found y e cōmodities before shewed haue fortified them selues hard by y e sea so y t by this straight of land they haue without comparison shortened their way without entring into the straight of Magellan as well for their tradings as for other commodities And since that time they trafike and trade to the Ilande of Moluques the which are great at this present inhabited and conuerted to the christē faith the which before was peopled with very cruel people much more cruell than those of America which wer blinded in ignorāce and hauing no knowledge of the great riches and tresure that the countrey brought forth About this place of the west sea ther are foure Ilands desert inhabited as they say onely with Satyres therfore they haue named them Ilands of Satyres Likewise in this same sea are found ten Ilands named Manioles inhabited with wilde men the which are of no religion nere to the which there are great rocks that draw the ships vnto them bicause of the yron wherwith they are nailed For the which cause those that trade into that country there are constrained to vse small ships or skiffes pinned with wood for to eschae the danger of these rockes or adamant stone Thus far as touchyng y e straight of Magellan Nowe as touchyng the other lande named Australl which in costing y e straight is left on the left hand is not yet known of christiās but only of an English pylote being a man aswell séene estemed in nauigation as any that can be founde who hauing passed this straight shewed me that he had descended on land so that I was bold to demaund of him what people did inhabit in y e cuntrey he shewed me y t they wer mighty black men which I know to be cōtrary knowing that this land is almost of the height of England Scotlād for the countrey is of suche a temperatnesse that it is subiect to winter with continuall frostes and snowes How that those that inhabite from the riuer of Plate vnto the straight of Magellan are our Antipodes cap. 57. ALthough we se as wel in y e sea as in riuers many Ilandes diuided separated from the maine land yet neuerthelesse y e element of y e erth is estemed to be one alone and onely bodie the whiche is no other thing than this largenesse of the earth the which séemeth vnto vs all full for his great and wonderful amplitude And such was the opinion of Thales Milesius one of the seuen wise men of Grecia and other philosophers as Plutarke sheweth Oecetes the great philosopher and Pythagoras ordained .ij. partes of the world that is this wherin we inhabit which we name Hemispheria and that of the Antipodes which we likewise cal the lower Hemispherie Theopompus the historiograph sayth after Hermogenes that Silenas shewed king Midas that there was an other world and globe of earth than this which we are in Macrobius last of all doth most amply treate of these two hemispheries and partes of the earth to whose works ye may haue recourse yf that ye minde to knowe farther on the opinions of Philssophie But thus much must be known whether that these two partes of the earth ought to be altogether separated as earths that differ and so to be iudged to be two worldes the which is not true considering that there is but one element of the earth the whiche wée must iudge is cut by the sea in two parts as Solin writeth in his polyhistor speakyng of the people Hyperbores but I had rather say that the whole worlde is separated into two equall partes by this imagined circle which we name equinoctiall Furthermore if ye behold the image and figure of the worlde in a globe or a earde ye shall clerely sée howe the sea diuideth the earth in two parts not altogether equall whiche are the two hemispheries so named by the Grekes one parte of the world containeth Asia Affrica and Europe the other containeth America Florida Canada and other regions comprehended vnder the names of the occidentall of West Indies in the which many thinke our Antipodes to inhabite I knowe well that there are many opinions of the Antipodes some iudge and think that
aboue ten thousande times but they eate them not as others doe but they burne them vntill they be consumed to ashes Furthermore these women when that they approche to fight they make maruellous cries shootes for to affray their enimies Of the originall of these Amazones in that countrey it is vncertain some thinke that after the warre of Troy for thither they went as we haue before shewed vnder the conducte of Pantasilla they scattered abrode and wandred héere and there Others think that they are come from certain places of Grecia iâ— Affrica from wheÌ„ce a cruell king chased them We haue many histories of their acts and feats of warre and of other women the which I will leaue for to continue our purpose for there are many Histories Greekes Latines and others that shewe thereof at large We haue begon to shewe how that the Spanyardes remained there but a while for to rest them onely and to get victuals for that these women as all amazed to sée suche an aray which vnto them was straunge came together aboue ten thousand of them in lesse space than thrée houres maids and women all naked sauing bowes and arrowes in their fastes beginning to make a great noise as though they had séene their enimies so that they began to loose of their arrowes the which the Spanyards séeing wold make no resistance but retiring wayed their ankers and hoised saile but at their departing saying Adew they saluted them with certaine gunshot among the thickest of them so that these women escaped not without some losse and detriment Hovv the Spanyardes continued their voyage to Morpion and of the riuer of Plate Cap. 64. FRom thence they continuing their way wel a Cxx. leagues they knew by their Astrolobia what height the place was where they were The which is so necessary for the good Nauigation that those that saile into farre Countreys can haue no assurance of their voyage if that this practise faile them wherfore this Arte of the height of the Sunne excéedeth all other artes And this cunning our elders haue greatly commended and practized also Ptolome and other great authors These Spaniardes leauing their skiffes and caruels they sunke them then euery man laded them selues with the rest of the victailes munitions and other marchaundise chiefly the slaues that were there for that purpose they went for the terme of .ix. dayes by and ouer mountaines and dales decked with all sortes of gréene trées herbes floures and fruites In so much that at the last by their iorneys they came to a great riuer procéeding from the highe Mountaines wheras they found other wilde men among the which some for feare fled their wayes others climed vpon trées and there remained in their lodgings none but a fewe olde men to the which in signe of friendship and fauor they made presents with certaine kniues and glasses the which to them were agréeable so that they went and called the others shewing them that these strangers newe arriued were some great Lordes that in no wise would hurt them but make to them presents of their riches The wilde men being moued with this liberalitie went to fetche them victails as fish venison and fruites according as the countrey brought forth The which the Spanyardes séeing were minded there to passe away the winter in the meane time to discouer the commodities of the countrey and to sée if that there might be fouÌ„d any Mine of golde or siluer or any other thing wherby they might gather any profit By this meanes they remained there .vij. months together and séeing things fell not out according to their mind they tooke their iorney forward hauing to guide them .viij. of these wild meÌ„ that brought them on their way about .lxxx. leagues passing alwayes through the midst of other wilde men more rude lesse tractable thaÌ„ they before for the which their guides wer vnto them as necessary as profitable Finally they knew of a truth that they were come to y e height of a place named Morpion then inhabited of Portingals some of them being weary of so long a voyage were determined to repaire to the place before named others to y e coÌ„trary said it were better to perseuer goe forwarde to the riuer of Plate distant farther by land .300 leagues In which for to make agréement according to thaduise of the captain the one part kept their way to Plate and the others drue toward Morpion Néere to which place these poore pilgrims beheld if they could espie any booty vntil that they found a riuer running at the foote of a hill in which they that dranke did perceiue certaine stones shining like siluer of the which they bare a certaine quantitie to Morpion distant froÌ„ theÌ„ce .18 leagues which place after proofe was found to bear good natural siluer And since y e king of Portingall hath had from thence an infinite deale of siluer after that he had souÌ„ded the Mine and brought it to good perfection After that these Spaniardes had rested theÌ„ selues at Morpion with the Portingall their neighbors they set forwarde to folow the others to kepe the way to Plate being distaÌ„t from Morpion by sea .250 leagues and by land .300 wheras the Spanyards haue found many Mines of golde and siluer and haue named it Plate which signifieth in our language siluer And for to inhabite there they haue edified certaine castles and holdes and since some of theÌ„ with other Spanyards newly come to that place not content with this fortune haue enterprised to saile euen to the straight of Magellan so named by him that first found it out which ioyneth with America toward the South And from thence entreth into the peaceable Sea on the other side of America where as they haue found many faire Ilands and in the end they came to Moluques which they kepe and inhabiteâ—t this day By the which meanes there cometh a great tribute of golde and siluer vnto the King of Spaine This muche in effect of this voyage the which I thought good to note by the way being shewed me in my Nauigation by those that of a truthe had bene in the voyage Hovve the landes of the king of Spaine and of Portingall are separated Cap. 65. THe kings of Spaine and of Portingall after that they had obtained many happy and fortunate victories as well in the East as in the West in places by sea and land not before knowne or discouered deliberated for the greater assurance to deuide and limit al the countrey that they had conquered and also to auoide quarels that héere after might rise as they did of the mine of gold that they had at the Cape of thrée points which is in Guiney as also the Ilands of Cape verd and many other places Also euery one may know y t one kingdome wil not haue two kings no more than the world wil receiue two Sunnes So it is
that from the riuer of Marignan betwene America and the Ilands of Antilles that ioyne at Perou vnto Terra Florida néere to newe found lande belongeth to the King of Spaine the which hath also great Lordship in America comming from Perou toward the South on the West side towarde Marignan as is before shewed To the King of Portingal did befall all that is from the said riuer of Marignan towards the South vnto the riuer of Plate which is .36 degrees from the Equinoctiall And the first place towarde Magellan is named Morpion the second Mahanhoc in the which place hath bene found many mines of golde and siluer The thirde Port Sigoura néere to Caape S. Augustine Fourthly the point of Cronest Monâ—ou castel Marin and Fernanbow bordering the Canibals of America To declare particularly the places from one riuer to an other as Curtana Caribes néere to the swéete or freshe riuer and royall Likewise their lyings with other things I wil forbeare at this time It shall suffice onely to know that in those places before named the Portingals are inhabited and caÌ„tel how to entertaine the wilde men of the countrey so that they liue togither in peace trade many riche marchandise And there they haue bartered and builded houses and castles to resist their enimies Now to retourne to the Prince of Spaine he hath done the like for his part the which is as we haue shewed from Marignan towards the West vnto Moluques as wel on this side as beyond in the West in the sea peaceable the Ilands of these two seas and Perou in the maine land so that altogether extendeth of a great compasse beside the countrey adioyning that in time may be found out as Cartagera Cata Palmaria Parisa great and little The which two nations specially the Portingals haue discouered muche land in the East countrey for their trade the which notwithstanding they enioy not as they do many places of America and Perou For to beare rule in that Countrey they must get the loue and fauor of the Indians otherwise if that they reuolt they will destroy all that they finde so y t they must frame themselues so to their wayes that they by no wise may be offeÌ„ded Now ye must note that their attempts and discouerings was not without great bloudshed specially of poore Christians that haue ieoperded their liues without hauing respect to the cruell inhumanitie of these people To be short there is no difficultie be it neuer so daungerous that withdraweth a mannes manly heart We sée in our Europe how muche the Romaines at the beginning minding to enlarge their Empire but with a litle land to the respect of that which hath bene gotten within this sixtie yeares haue shed the bloud as well of them selues as of their enimies What furious and horrible dissipations of lawes disciplines honest conuersation hath raigned throughout the world biside the ciuile warres of Sylla and Marius Cina and of Pompey of Brutus of Anthony Augustus more hurtfull than the rest also hath folowed the ruine and decay of Italy by the Gothes Hunns and Wandallians which also haue inuaded Asia and ouerthrowne the kingdome of Grece to the which purpose Ouid séemeth to haue spoken these woords We see hovv things doe chaunge and come to passe And novv a people raigne that nothing vvas And he the vvhich had might and poure Dothe them homage obey and eke honoure To conclude all humaine creatures are subiecte to chaunge more or lesse according as they be rich or poore high or lowe little or great The deuision of the West Indies in three partes Cap. 66. BEfore that I passe any farther to describe this countrey by good right as I thinke named Fraunce Antarctike or before America for the reasons that we haue alleaged bicause of his largenesse which is without comparison I am minded for that I would the reader should the better vnderstand it to deuide it in thrée parts for since the time that other Countreis haue bene discouered all the Countrey of America Perou Florida and Canada and other places adiacent to goe from the straight of Magellan haue bene coÌ„monly called the west Indies and is for bicause the people liue al naked barbarous and rude as those that are yet in the East Indies The which Countrey meriteth well the name of India of the floud or riuer Indus as we haue before shewed This fair riuer entring into the East sea called Indique by seuen mouthes or openings as Nyll doth into the sea Meditarium taketh his originall of the Mountaines Arbiciennes and Beciennes Also the riuer Gangis in like case entreth in by .v. openings into this sea deuiding India into two partes separating the one from the other Therfore this region being so farre from America for the one is in the East and the other compreheÌ„deth from the South vnto the west we cannot say that others thaÌ„ those that haue first discouered these landes haue added this name of India séeing the beastly behauior and crueltie of this people so brutish without faith without law and not vnlike to diuers people of the Indies of Asia and of Ethiopia of which Plinie maketh most ample mention in his natural history By this meanes hath America obtained the name of India to the likenesse of that which is in Asia for y t they agrée in maners beastly brutishnesse other things as we haue before shewed of the OccideÌ„tal people to those of the East parts Therefore the first part of this land containeth toward the South vnto the straight of Magellan which is .52 degrées .30 minutes of the Equinoctiall line I meane of the Austreall line comprehending no part of the other land that is beyond the straight the which was neuer knowne nor inhabited of vs sauing onely from that straight comming from the riuer of Plate From thence drawing towarde the West far betwéene these two Seas are the prouinces of Patalia Paranaguacu Margageas Patagones or region of Giaunts Morpion Tabaiares Toupinambou Amazones the countrey of Brasil vnto y e Cape of S. Augustin the which is .viij. degrées beyonde the line the Countrey of Canibals Anthropophages the which regions are comprehended in America compassed with the Ocean sea and on the other side toward the South of the peaceable sea which is otherwise the sea of Magellan We will therfore ende this Indian land at the riuer of Amazones the which euen as Ganges maketh the seperation of one Indies from another towards the East also this notable floud the which hath of bredth .50 leagues may make separation of India America and of Perou The seconde parte shall begin from the sayde riuer containing many kingdomes and Prouinces at Perou the straight of land containing Daryen Furna Popaian Anzerma Carapa Quimbaya Cali Pasta Quito Canares Cuzco Chila Patalia Parias Temistitan Mexica Cataia Panuco the Pigmeis eueÌ„ to Florida which lieth .25 degrées of latitude on this side the line I leaue the Ilands
and others but Ptolome did since inuente degrées for to measure bothe the Sea and the land which before was not a lyke measured and this is much more easy It is then Ptolome that hath compassed the whole worlde by Degrées as wel in length as in bredth finding 360. Leagues and in euery degrée .17 Leagues a half as I vnderstande of our Pilots that are expert in Nauigation So that the whole world hauing the Firmament and the Elementes in his conference contayneth .360 degrées equally by twelue signes whereof euery one hath 30. degrées for .12 tymes .30 make iust .360 A degrée contayneth .60 minutes a minut .60 thirdes a thirde .60 fourthes a fourth .60 fifthes vnto .60 tenthes For the proportions of the firmament may be parted in so many partes as we haue sayde Then by the degrées we find the longitude latitude and distance of places the latitude from the line to our Pole whereas there is .90 degrées and so much beyonde the longitude is taken from the fortunate Ilands to the Easte Wherefore I saye to conclude that the Pilot that woulde sayle ought to consider thre things the firste in what hight of degrées he findeth himselfe and in what hight the place is that he will goe to secondly the place where he findeth himselfe and the place whether he hopeth to goe that is to know what distance and length there is from one coaste to another Thirdly to knowe what winde or windes wil serue for Nauigation all the whiche he may knowe and sée by his compasse and other Instrumentes of the Sea Folowing alwayes our course sixe degrées at this side our lyne kéeping the Caape on the North of vs vntill the .15 day of Aprill at which tyme we knewe the Sunne to be directly vnder our Zenith the which was not without enduring great heat as ye may wel thinke if ye consider the heat y t is hetherwarde the Sunne being in Cancer whiche is far from our Zenith to vs that inhabit in Europe Nowe afore going any farther I wil speake of certayne flying fishes that I left out when I spake of fishes vnder the lyne It is therefore to be noted that vnder the lyne ten degrées on this side and beyonde there is founde aboundance of flying fish that flyeth hye in the ayre being folowed of another fish that woulde deuoure him So that by the quantitie of him that flyeth ye may easily coniecture the quantitie of the other lyuing by praye Among the which the Dorade of whom we haue before shewed doeth folowe hym aboue all others for that his flesh is very delicate and tender of the which also there are two kinds the one is lyke a herring the which is that which is so chased of others this fish hath foure wings two great ones lyke vnto the wings of a bat and two other little ones néere to the tayle the other is made lyke a Lampron of the which kindes there are fewe found but onely .15 degrées on this side and beyonde the lyne the which to my iudgement is the cause that those that haue set out bookes of fishes haue left them out beside many others The Americans name this fish Pirauena he flieth lyke a Partrige and the little one flyeth much better and higher than the other and sometymes they are so néere chased and folowed specially by night that many tymes they strike againste the ship sayles by heapes and there remayne There is another fish which is called by them Albacore much more greater than the Porpas the which is also a deuourer of the flying fish as wel as the Dorade and he is very good and excellent to eate aboue all other fishes in the sea as well of the Weast as of the Easte He is vneasy to be gotten and therefore they make a counterfet fish of white linnen the which they make to spring aboue water as doeth the flying fish and by this meanes he is most commonly taken Of Perou and of the principal places contayned in the same Cap. 70. NOw kéeping our course hauing the wind very faire we coasted the lande of Perou and the Ilandes being on the coaste of the Weast Sea called the Ilandes of Perou euen to the heigth of the Spanish Ilande of the which we will speake hereafter particularly This countrey as we haue deuided it is one of the thrée partes of the Weaste Indies hauing in length .700 Leagues taking from the North to the South and in bredth .100 Leagues from the Easte to the Weaste being a firme lande from Themestitan passing the straight of Daryen betwene the West and the sea which they name pacifik and it was so named of a Riuer called Perou which is in bredth about a little league as many other prouinces in Africa Asia and Europe haue takē their names of their most famous Riuers as also we haue shewed of Senega This Region is then inclosed with the Weast and the South Sea garnished with thicke forestes and mountaynes the which make the countrey in many places vnaccessible so that we cannot there driue our Cartes and Horses loden there as we do héere In this countrey of Perou there is many faire prouinces among the which the most chiefest towardes the North is Quito the which extendeth in length from the Easte to the Weast aboute 60. Leagues and in bredth .30 Next to Quito is the prouince of the Canaries hauing towardes the Easte the Riuer of Amazones with many mountaynes and hills and inhabited with a Barbarous and wilde people not yet conuerted besides this there is the prouince that the Spaniards haue named S. Iames of olde port beginning within a degrée beyond ▪ the lyne Equinoctiall The fourth which they call in their language Taxamilca extendeth to the greate Citie of Tongilla the which after that their King Atabalyba was poysoned Pizare seing the fruitfull commodities of the countrey caused there to be edified a Town and a Castel There is yet another named Cuzco in the which the Iugies haue long tyme raygned being a people so named whiche haue bene in tymes past mighty Lords And this worde Iugies is as much to say as Kings And in their time their Kingdome limits was so greate and large that it contayned aboue a .1000 Leagues from one end to another Also this countrey beareth the name of the chiefest Citie as doeth Rhodes Metelin Candia other countreys taking their names of the most renomed Townes and Cities as I haue shewed Furthermore being on a tyme at Caape Finistra in Spayne a Spaniarde shewed me that in this countrey of Cuzco there is founde a people that haue their eares hanging downe to their shoulders hauing hanging on their eares greate pieces of fine and pure shining Golde well pollished and better than any other Golde in Perou to whose wordes I will sooner giue credit than to many Historiographers in these daies that writ by heare say reporting to vs
make them better disposed their ioynts to be playable as the Africans doe with oyle of Olyue Within the head of this fish are found certaine stones of the which they make great store for y t they haue proued them to be good against the colyke be it in the Raynes or in the bladder The femals of this fish bring forth their yong ones quick with out egge as doth y e Whale the Grampyn also she hath .ij. rothers lyke beasts on y e earth with y e which they giue suck to their yong ones A Spaniard that had dwelled long time in this Iland shewed to me y t a gouerner of y e coūtrey did norish one in a cesterne y e terme of .30 yeares the which in proces of time became so priuie y t she wold almost suffer one to lay his hand vpō hir The wyld men will take this fish hard by y e shore as she féedeth vpon y e grasse I leue to speake of many byrds clad with diuers rich coloured fethers w t which they make tapissary figurs of mē womē beasts birds other things they trim them vpon some lynnen clothe therewith they garnish hats caps and gounes the which is very fayre pleasant to beholde Of strange foure footed beastes there are none founde but onely those of which we haue spoken Neuerthelesse there is founde two kynde of lyttle beastes as little as Coneys the which they name Hulias and Caris good to eate That which I haue sayde of this Iland I may in lyke maner speake of the Iland of S. Iames before named Iamaica on the east side it hath y e Iland of S. Dominike There is a nother faire Iland named Bouriquan in their countrey spech but in the carde Marius it is named S. Iohns Iland y e which on the East side hath lying the Iland of the holy crosse and other little Ilands of the which some are inhabited the others are deserte This Ilande from the East to y e west containeth aboute .52 leagues of length .300 degrées no minutes and of latitude .18 degrées no mynutes To be short there are many other Ilandes in those parts the which bicause of the multitude I omit Also for that I could haue no particular knowledge of them I will not here forget that in all these Ilandes there are founde no rauening beastes no more than in England and in the Ile of Creta Of the Iland of Cuba and of Lucaiae Cap. 72. NOw there resteth of all the Ilands of Perou to reherse some secrets of the Iland of Cuba of certaine others adiacēt yet to say the truthe there can be little more spoken than that which hath ben alredy sayd of y e Spanish Iland This Iland is more greater larger than the others for it is reckned from the Promontarie that is on the East syde to the other that is on the west syde thrée hundreth leagues And from the North to the South seuenty leagues As touching the disposition of the aire there it is temperate so that there is no excesse of heate nor yet of colde There are found rich mines of Gold siluer likewise other mettals On y e sea side are found faire riuers that procede from the high hills the waters whereof are excellent with great quantitie of good fish Moreouer before it was discouered it was better peopled with wyld men than any others but at this day the Spaniards are lords and masters The myddest of this Ilande hath two hūdreth nintie degrées of longitude no minuts and of latitude twenty degrées no minutes There is a hyll harde by the Sea syde that is all salte more higher than that of Cipris greate number of trées of cotton brasyll hornebeame also salte of the earth proceding out of a nother mountaine very high and brackishe And of this kynde there is founde in lyke maner in the Iland of Cipris named of the Grekes Oryctos the which also is gotten in a mountaine hard by the Sea Furthermore there is founde in this Ilande great store of Azer Vermilion Alume and other things that are taken out of the bowels of the Earth As touching byrds and foules of the Ayre there is a kynd of Partrige very little being of a red color and also of dyuers other colours their fleshe is very delicate The rusticall people of the mountaines do nourish a number of them in their houses as we do here pullein and many other things worthy to be noted and written First there is a valley that is in length thrée leagues betwene two mountaines where as are founde an infinite number of bowles of stone great and little being naturally engendred in that place although some wold iudge them to be made artificially Sometimes there is founde some so great that foure men wold be combered to cary away one the others are lesse and some so little that they excéede not the quantity of a little egge The seconde thing worthy to be noted is that in the same Ilande there is a mountaine néere to the riuage of the Sea out of the which runneth a licor like to that which is made in the fortunate Ilandes named Bre as we haue before shewed the which runneth doune into the Sea Quintus Curtius in his bokes which he hath made of the Iestes of Alexander y e great sheweth that he being come to a citie named Memi was desirous to sée a great pitte or caue in the which there was a fountaine that rendred great quantitie of gumme very strong being vsed with other thinges so that the authour thinketh for this onely reason the walles of Babilon to haue ben so strong for that they haue bene made of such thinges the which is not onely founde in the Ilande of Cuba but also in the countrey of Themistitan and on the coast of Florida As touching the Ilands of Lucaia being so named for that they are many in number they are northward of the Ilande of Cuba and of S. Dominike they are more than .iiij. hundreth in number all little ones and not inhabited vnlesse it be the greatest that beareth the name of all the others named Lucaia The inhabitants of this Ilande commonly goe to trafficke on the maine lande and to other Ilands They that inhabite there as well men as women are whiter and more fairer than in any of those parties or countreis Séeing that I am in talke with these Ilands of their riches I will not forget somewhat to speake of the riches of Potossi the which taketh his name of a highe mountaine y t hath in height a great league halfe a league compasse This mountaine is maruellous riché bicause of the great Mynes of siluer tyn and brasse which hath ben found almost at the top of the mountaine and this Myne of Syluer hath ben found so good that in one quintall of the Mine is found halfe a quintall of pure
and the meane that they obserue to cure them cap. 46 The maner hovv to trade among these people of a byrd named Toucan of the Spicery of that countrey cap. 47 Of byrdes most common in America ca. 48 Of Venison and wyld beastes that these wylde men take cap. 49 Of a tree named Hauorahe cap. 50 Of a tree named Vhebehafou and of the honey Bees that frequent it cap. 51 Of a straunge beast named Haute cap. 52 How these Americans kyndle fier of their opinion of the vvorld and of their Yron works cap. 53 Of the riuer of Vases lykewise of certaine beastes that are found there about And of the land named MorpioÌ„ 54 Of the Ryuer of Platte and of the countrey adâ—acent ca. 55 Of the straight of Magellan and of Daryen ca. 56 Hovv that those that inhabit from the Ryuer of Platte vnto the straight of Magellan are our Antipodes cap. 57 How these wylde men excercyse husbandry and make gardens of a roote named Manihot and of a tree that they name Penoabsou ca. 58 How and after vvhat sorte the land of America vvas dyscouered and Brassyll wood found out with many other trees not seene else vvhere but in that countrey cap. 59 Of our departing from France Antartik or America ca. 60 Of the Caniballs aswell of the maine land as of the Ilands of a tree named Acaiou cap. 61 Of the Ryuer of Amazones otherwise named Aurelana by the which ye may fayle into the country of Amazones and into France Antertike cap. 62 How certayne Spaniards aryued into a countrey vvhere they found Amazons ca. 63 How these Spaniards contynued theyr voyadge to Morpion and of the Ryuer of Platte cap. 64 How the lands of the kings of Spayne and of Portingall are seperated cap. 65 The deuision of the West Indies in thre partes cap. 66 Of the Iland of Rats cap. 67 How we continued our course wâ—â—h a declaratioÌ„ of Astrolabia of the Sea cap. 68 Of the departing of our Equator or Equinoctiall cap. 69 Of Perou and of the principal places coÌ„tained in the same cap. 70 Of the Ilandes of Perou and chiefly of the Spanish Iland cap. 71 Of the Ilands of Cuba and of Lucaia cap. 72 A description of Noua Espania and of the great citie of Themestitan edified in the vvest Indies cap. 73 Of Florida cap. 74 Of the Ilande of Canada before named Baccalos being discouered in our tyme and how the inhabitans lyue cap. 75 Of a nother countrey of Canade cap. 76 What Religion these Canadians vse with theyr lyuing how they resist the Colde cap. 77 Of these Canadians apparell how they weare theyr haire and hovv they treate their children cap. 78 Hovv these people make war cap. 79 Of Mynes precious stones other secrets that are found in Canada cap. 80 Of Earthequakes hayles to the which the countrey of Canada is very subiect ca. 81 Of the countrey called Nevv found land cap. 82 Of the Ilands of Essores ca. 83 ¶ Imprinted at London in Knightrider strete by Henry Bynneman for Thomas Hacket 1568. Al things haue bene made for man A difference of Art and of Nature How Nauigation profiteth The cause of the Authors Nauigation How the Author toke shipping for to sayle to India America Why it was called new Hauen The superstitioÌ„ of the elders before they would go on the water Ilandes and other singularities of Gibaltar Ebusus Ieniza Frumentaria Malue Sala Diuers opinioÌ„s of the erection of the pillers of Hercules The maner custome of noble and valiant men in tymes paste What Hercules it was of whoÌ„ are named the columns Tartesse and auncient Citie of Africa Gibaltar a place of Trafficke from Europe to Africa Cap. de canti The fourth parte of the world as some writers affirme the opinion of this word Africa The situation of Africa Pillers of stone where as are writings of the Phenicians The maners ReligioÌ„ of the Africans The cause why there are in Africa so many strange kind of beastes Barharia parte of Africa and why it was so called The Religion ceremonies of the barbariens In Mecha the sepulture of Mahomet the voyage of the Turkes to Mecha The EgyptiaÌ„s were the first that inuented writing and letters The holy Crosse a town in Barbarie How the Fortunate Ilandes lye nowe named the Canaries Why they wer named of our elders the Fortunate Ilandes The number of these Ilands Ca. 3.4.5 6. Why the fortunate Ilandes are now named the Canaries Ombrion Strange trees Iunonia The Ile of Snowe Canaria The inhabitaÌ„ts of the Canaries conuerted to the Christian faith The bountie of the Ilandes named Canaries Suger of Canaria Suger of Egypt Suger of Arabia The fruitfulnesse of the Canaries Smal trees named Paper Oriselia an herbe Bre blacke gumme and howe it is made The wonderfull hight and circuite of Pikehill The height of the hill Etna Ptolomeus hath knowen this hill Strange sortâ— of stones The Ile of IroÌ„ and why it is so called The fruitfulnesse of the Ile of Iron Milke and Cheese grauelly Diuers nourishmentes of diuers people Milke is very good sustenance The Ile of IroÌ„ is right vnder the Diametrial line The value of euery degree Scorpions of Canaries The Ilandes of Madera not knoweÌ„ of our elders What Madera signifieth Suger of Madera celebrated aboue others Comfets of Madera The fruitefulnesse of the Ilands of Madera Gumme A kinde of Gaiac Dragons blud Dioscoridus Cinaber Wine and Suger of Madera Wine of CaÌ„dia Wine of the Ile of Palme The profit of Wine being moderatly taken A Promentary is that which we cal a Cape Ialout now called Caape verd why it was so named Dargina gowlf Promentarie of Ethiopiae Barbazins and Serretsa people of Affrica Almadies Nigritis nowe called Senega Iland neare to Caape verde not inhabited A straunge tree Diuers kindes of Palmes Plinie lib. 13. cap. 4. Phoenix a bird and why she is so named Prouerbe The property of the Palme Lib. 7. Lib. 8. Lib. 16. Chapt. 42 â–ª Lib. 5. of plantes The manner how to make Wine of Palmes The property of the Wine of Palme trees Another kinde of drinke The Kingdome of Senega The opinion of some of our elders vpon the originall of Nill and of Senega Hills of the Moone and of there lying The originall of Senega Hills of Libia None in times past hath had perfit knowledge of Africa in generall The newe worlde The Iles Hisperides discouered by the Carthaginians in times paste The Ile Atlantike in the time of Plato The diuisitie of the countrey the inhabitants maners in Senega A fruitfull tree and Oyle of diuers properties The lying of the Ilandes of Caape verd The Ile of S. Iames. The Ile of S. Nicolas others as Flera Plintana Pintoria and Foyon Marokins of Spaine Foure kinde of Torterels Lib. 9. cap. 10. How to take the Torterels The thicknesse of the shells of these Torterels of the Sea and why they serue Shieldes
four hūdreth leagues by the said Quartier wheras he foūd the countrey well peopled as well in his second as first Nauigation the people of that countrey is as obediente and as amiable as is possible as familiar as though that alwayes they hadde bene broughte vp together without any signe of yll will or any other rigour And there the sayd Quartier made a certaine hold or castle for to winter him and his likewise for to defend them against the colde weather the which there is very rigorous He was very wel intertained considering the time seson for the inhabitants brought them dayly boates ful of fish as Eeles Lampreys and others like wise fleshe and venison wherof there is great plenty Also they are greate hunters be it either sommer or winter with snares and otherwise they vse a kinde of rackets sette together with cordes of two foote and a halfe of length and one foote broade they were them on their féete in the frost and in the snow chiefly when they go to hunt wild beasts to y e end that in folowing of their chase their féet sinke not into the snow These people ar clad with y e skins of these wild beasts being corried trimmed according to their maner Nowe to take these beasts they wil assēble .x. or .xij. together being weponed with iauelins or boare speares y t are xv or .xvj. foote long and garnished at the ende with the horne of some harte or tooth of some other wild beast the head wherof is at least a foote long the which they vse in steade of yron and Bowes and Arrowes garnished wyth the same Then they follow the footing of the Déere and other wylde beastes in the Snowe the whiche is common all the yeare long and after that they haue founde out their trayne or footyng they wil plant their braunches of Cedre which is gréene there all the yeare long the which they plant in manner of nettes and there they wil hide them being weaponed as before is shewed so that the déere séeing the gréene boughes drawe thytherwarde and then they come forth and cause the déere to quit and forsake that way and enter into the déepe snowes euen vnto the belly where as they can not easily runne nor goe and so by this meanes they are taken and killed and opened in the fieldes and so being wrapt in his skin they drawe him to their houses And after this sort they broughte them to the castle or hold that Iames Quartier did kepe both fleshe and skinne selling them for no other recōpēse than kniues hatchets and other yron tooles Also I will not lette passe one thyng very singular that is when that these people are sicke either of an ague or any other inward disease they take the leaues of a certaine trée which is lyke to a Cedre with the whiche they make a water that they drinke so that there is no disease be it neuer so festred in a mans body but that this drinke will heale within .xxiiij. houres which also Christians haue tried and haue brought the plantes therof into this countrey What religion these Canadians vse with their lyuing and how they resist the cold Ca. 77. THese people in their liuyng and gouerning do not farre differ from the lawe of Nature their matrimonie is that a man may haue two or thrée wiues withoute any other solemnitie as the Americans of whiche we haue alreadie spoken Of their Religion they kéepe no meane nor ceremonie in worshyppyng or praying to God sauyng that they contemplate the newe Moone called in theyr language Osannaha sayeng that Andouagny dothe so call it and then causeth it to spreade by litle and litle Moreouer they doe beleue that there is a Creator more greater than the Sun or the Moone and that hath all vnder his power and it is he whome they call Andouagny and yet they neither knowe what waye to inuocate nor call vpon to praye to him nor to worship him although that in some partes of Canada they worship Idols and wyll haue them sometimes in their lodgings aboue fortie or fiftie the which was shewed me of a truth by a Portingall pylote the which did on a time visite two or thrée villages or hamlettes with the lodgyngs of the inhabitants They beleue that the soule is immortall and that if a man doe euil when he is dead a byrd beareth awaye his soule Contrarywise if that they doe well the soule goeth into a place condecorate wyth goodly faire trees and floures where as there are birds singing melodiously of the which the lord of the countrey of Canada dyd informe vs beyng named Donacoua Aguanna who dyed in Fraunce a good Christian and spake good frenche for he had ben kept there foure yeres And for bicause that I will not be tedious in this historie of these Canadians ye shal note that these people vniuersally are afflicted with continuall colde bycause of the absence of the Sunne as ye may wel vnderstande they inhabite in certaine villages and hamlettes made like to halfe a circle in greatnesse twentie or thirtie paces and ten of breadth couered with barkes of trees some with réedes And God knoweth whether that the colde doth greue them hauing suche yll lodgings yll couered and worse holden vp so that many tymes the pillers with that which vpholdeth the house for the waight of the snowe that most commonly lieth vpon the house falleth down yet notwithstanding this extreme colde they are mightie strong and vnreasonable great trauailers Also all the people that dwell Northe are the lyke some more and some lesse euen as those that dwell towarde the Equinoctiall and south pole are contrary bicause y t the vehement heate of the aire draweth out the naturall heate fo that they are only hot without and cold within the others haue their naturall heate enclosed prouoked to keepe in bicause of y e outward cold which maketh them strong stoute and valiant for the force and facultie of all the parts of the body dependeth of this natural heat The sea that is aboute thys countrey is frosen bicause that it is so farre from the Sun which from the east to the west passeth through the midst of the world And the greater that the naturall heate is the better is a mās appetite and the better doth he brooke and digest meates so that these people towards the north eate more and haue a better stomacke than those in other parts for the which cause oftentimes there is in Canada Famine also for that their fruits rootes and other thinges wherwith they sustaine them is frosen the moste part of the yeare likewise their riuers We haue shewed how that they couer their houses with barkes of trées also they make boates to fish in both for the salt water and the fresh Those of the lande of Labrador their neighbours the which lande was discouered
by the Spanyardes thinking that by this coast they mighte finde a way more néerer to sayle to Moluques wheras spices are in lyke maner subiecte to these coldes and they couer their lodgyngs with the skynnes of fishes and of wylde beastes as also do other Canadians Furthermore the sayd Canadians liue together in common as doe the Americanes and they labour and worke ech one that whiche he can do Some make pots of earth others platters dyshes spoones and other thyngs of woode others bowes and arrowes baskets panniers and other apparell of the skinnes that they doe vse to weare to couer them from the colde The women they labour the earth and tourne it with certaine instruments of stones made long and they sow graine specially Myll as great as peason and of diuers colours the which they plante as we do Melons gourdes the stalke groweth like to Suger Canes bearing thrée or foure eares of which there is alway one more greate than the other in manner like to our Artichokes They plant also flatte Beanes as white as snow the which are very good there are of that kind both in America and in Perou They haue also good plentie of Cucumbers the which the eate roasted in the imbers as we doe Peares and Wardens Furthermore there is a litle sede very small like to Marioram séede which bringeth forth an herbe somwhat great This herbe is maruellously estéemed also they drie it in the Sunne after that they haue gathered a greate quantitie and customably they hāg it about their neck being wrapped in leather with a kinde of thorne hauing a hole in one end where as they put an end of this herbe being this dried which after that they haue rubbed it a litle betwene their hāds they put it to the fire so receiue the smoke by the other end of y e horn into their mouths and they take therof in such quantitie that it cometh forth both at the nose and at the eyes And after that sorte they parfume them all houres in the daye The people of America doe parfume them after an other maner as we haue before shewed Of these Canadians apparel how they weare their haire and howe their treate their children Cap. 78. THese Canadians hauing much more ciuilitie thā y e inhabitants of America know the meane how to couer and cloth themselues in beastes skins with their haire being trimmed after their manner whereof wee haue here before spoken peraduenture being constrained bicause of the extreme colde and not otherwise whiche occasion being not shewed to others that inhabite America causeth them to remaine naked without any shame one of an other And yet the men of Canada are not altogether clad but only wrapped in these rough and heary skins like to an apron for to couer the shamfast parts of nature brynging it betwixt their legs buttoned with buttons on both the thighs thē they gird them with a brode girdle which couereth all their body and they haue their armes and legs bare sauing that vpō this they wear a long cloke with furred skinnes sowed so wel together as if some master furrier or skinner of our countrey had thereto set his hand Their clokes are made of Badgers skins Beares skins Marterns Panthers Foxes Hares Ratts and Coneys other skins corryed after their maner with haire al which to my iudgemēt hath caused this argument that some think y t the wilde men ar all hearie Some writers haue set out that Hercules of Lybia comming into France founde the people lyuing almost like to the wilde men that are as well in the east Indies as in America without any ciuilitie the mē went almost al naked Others were clad with beasts skins of diuers colors Such was the state and condition of the first humaine kynde being at the first rude altogether out of frame vntill y t by successiō of time necessitie hath cōstrained mē to inuēt many thinges for y e preseruation and maintenance of their life Well now the poore wylde men wonder at our apparell of what and howe it is made demaundyng what trées heare suche things as was demaunded of me in America thinking that wooll dyd growe on trées as doth their cotton The vse wherof was long time vnknowne And as some writers doe affirme the firste vse thereof came from the Athenians and by them it was first put in vre others haue attributed it to Pallas for bicause that wooll was vsed before that Athens was builded For this cause the Athenians haue greatly honored and worshipped the goddesse Pallas for that they haue receiued of hir this greate benefite And by this may be known that the sayd Athenians and other people of Grecia doe clothe them selues with skinnes like to these Canadians and to the similitude of our first parentes Adam and Eue as witnesseth Saint Hierom leauing an example to all his posteritie for to vse the like and not to go naked For the which thing we can not giue sufficient praise and thanks to God the which of his prouidence farre aboue all other partes of the worlde hath shewed fauour to our Europe Now there resteth to shewe how they weare their haire the which is otherwise than the Americanes vse These people as well men as women haue their haire black and verie long and they haue this difference that the men haue their haire trussed on their heades lyke a horse taile with certaine pinnes of woodde that kéepeth it trussed hauyng besides to couer their heads a Tygres skynne or of a Beare or some other wylde beast so that to sée them attired after this sort ye would iudge them to be some stage players for that they lohe more like to the picture of Hercules that the auncient Romanes were wont to make for their recreation and pleasure and as he is set out nowe a dayes than like any other thing Others there are that couer their heads and girde their bodies with marten sables beyng so named by the name of the religiō that is vsed in those partes where as this beast frequenteth the whyche Furres we estéeme very precious and riche bicause they are rare and scant and therfore these skins with vs are for princes and great lordes to weare for they are very scant The Canadians haue no beards no more than those of Bresseill for they shaue it of as soone as it buddeth As touching the women they are clad wyth Bucke skinnes béeing trimmed with the haire after their maner and being therewith wrapped or couered they girde or bynde them selues wyth a girdell that goeth thrée or foure tymes aboute hauing always one arme and one pap or brest out of the skinne at libertie the which skin couereth one of their shoulders cōming crosse their bodies like a pilgrims scrippe Moreouer these women of Canada weare hose of tawed lether being well made after their maner and painted or coloured with certaine herbes