wish their pride to know that Gods mercy is over all his Creatures and hath created as good men in the North as in the South let no man bee disdained misprised or vndervalued for his wants except in Vertues For I doe not thinke but litle Mr. IEFFERY that pretty Courtier can pitch his eye-sight as high into the Firmament as Mr. EVANS his Maiesties great Porter And for Sea-men where have you better than the Scotsh-men are and yet North-Countrey men It was also cast into my dish that I was an Officer of the Admiralty a poore conceit to obiect against me for this vndertaking and as much as to say as the greatest Civilian held to be in Christendome cannot be capable of higher Promotion if hee belong to the Admiraltie I have also placed a Polar Map or Card that this Discoverie may be the better vnderstood and for that I did desire to give satisfaction by Demonstration of all treated of in the Booke for otherwise another proiection could not have contained it but at vnreasonable diversity and because I cannot describe all the Names in Fretum Hudson of Capes Ilands and Bayes at length in Letters in respect of the smalnesse of the Degrees of Longitude I have inserted them in a table by the letters of the Alphabet as thou shalt find beginning with A b c d and tracted my owne way and discovery foorth and home in small prickes I acknowledge it to be but rough-hewen like Ship wrights â—imber but what it wants in smoothnesse or forme let thy good Report licke it into I trust I shall not need to vse the fashion of Authors to make any doubt of carping Momus or rayling Zoilus seeing I have intended thy Good without any Reservation to my selfe But I feare mee I have held thee too long in this place like him who purposeth to take a long Iourney stumbles vpon his owne threshold but have Patience for I had rather be in fault then want I have here prostrated my duty to my King and my service to my Countrey craving thy favourable acceptance I rest From Kingston upon Hull this first of Ianuary 1635. Thine in all welwilling Luke Foxe CERTAINE TESTIMOnies concerning King Arthur and his Conquests of the North regions taken by Mr. Hacklute out of the Histories of the Kings of Brittaine written by Galfridus Monamutensis newly Printed at Hedleberg 1587. Lib. 9. Cap. 10. IN the yeare of CHRIST 517. King Arthur in the second yeare of his raigne having subdued all parts of Ireland sayled with his Fleet into Iseland and brought it and the people thereof into subjection the rumour being spred throughout all the other Lands that no Countrey was able to withstand him Doldanius King of Gotland and Gunfacius the King of Orkney came voluntary unto him and yeelded their obedience promising to pay him Tribute The winter being spent hee returned into Britaine established his Kingdome in perfect peace he continued there for the space of twelue yeares Lib. 9. Cap. 12. After that King Arthur sending his Messengers into divers Kingdomes hee summoned such as were to come to his Court aswell out of France as out of the adjacent Ilands of the Sea and a little after from these adjacent Ilands came Guillaumarius King of Ireland Malvatius King of Iseland Doldunus King of Gotland Gunnotius King of Orkney Lot the King of Norway and Archilius King of Denmarke A testimony of the Right and Appendances of the Crowne of the Kingdome of Brittaine taken out of Mr. Lambert Fol. 137. pag. 2. ARTHVR which was sometimes the most renowned King of the Britaines was a mighty valiant and famous Warriour This Kingdome was too little for him and his minde was not contented with it hee therefore valiantly subdueâ— all Scantia now called Norway and all the Iles beyond Norway to wit Iseland and Groenland which are appertaining unto Norway Sweveland Ireland Gotland Denmarke Semeland Windeland Curland Roe Femeland Wireland Flaunders Cherilland Lapland and all other Lands of the East sea even unto Russia in which Lapland he placed the Eastmost Bounds of his Brittish Empire and many other Ilands beyond Norway even under the Pole which are appendances of Scantia now called Norway he planted the Christian Faith throughout all Norway matched their Nobility with Brittish bloud called Norway the Chamber of Brittaine and incorporated them unto us Another testimony out of Galfridus Monumetensis concerning the Conquest of Malga King of England Lib. 11. cap. 7. MALGO succeeded Vorciporius which was the goodliest man in person of all Brittaine a Prince that expulsed many Tyrants hee was strong and valiant in warre taller then most men that then lived and exceeding famous for his vertues This King also obtained the Government of the whole Iland of Brittaine and by most sharpe battailes he recovered to his Empire the sixe Ilands of the Ocean Sea which were before Tributaries to King Arthur namely Ireland Iseland Gotland Orkney Norway and Denmarke The Voyage of Octher to the north-Northeast parts beyond Norway reported by himselfe vnto Alfred the famous King of England about the yeare 890. OCTHER sayd that the Countrey wherein he dweit was called Helgoland hee told his Lord King Elfreed that he dwelt furthest North of any Norman he sayd that he dwelt towards the North part of the Land towards the West coast And in another place hee affirmeth that there was no man dwelling towards the North from him and aâ—lirmed the land to stretch farre to the North yet all Desert and not inhabited Vpon a time he fell into a fancy to know how farre the Land stretched Northward whereupon hee tooke his voyage directly North along the Coast having alwayes the Desert land upon his Staâ—board and upon the Larboard the maine Ocean and continued his course for the space of 3. dayes in which space hee was come as farre towards the North as the Whale-hunters used to travell hee proceeded to the North as farre as hee was able to sayle in other 3. dayes at the end whereof he perceived the Coast turned toward the East or else the Sea opened with a maine Gulfe into the land hee knew not how farre well he wist and remembred that he was faine to stay till hee had a Westerne wind and somewhat Northerly and thence hee sayled plaine East along the Coast still so farre as hee was able in 4. dayes at the end of which time hee was compelled to stay untill he had a full Northerly wind for as much as the Coast bowed downe thence directly towards the Southward at leastwise the Sea opened into the Land that he could not tell how farre so that hee sayled alongst the coast directly South so farre as he could travell in five dayes and at the 5. dayes end hee descryed a mighty River which opened very farre in the land at the entry of which River hee stayed his course and in conclusion turned backe againe For he durst not enter so feare of the Inhabitants of the Land
Ireland so farre North that he came to a Land vnknowne where he saw many strange things This must needes be some part of this Countrey of which the Spaniards affirme themselves to be the first founders since Dannos time wherevpon it is manifest that this Country was by Brittanies discovered long before Columbus Of Madoâ—s returne there be many fables but he did returne and declared of the fruitfull Countryes he had seene with out Inhabitants and on the contrary what barren and wild ground his Brethren and Nephewes did kill and murder one another for He prepared a Navie of ships got with him such Men and Women as were desirous to live in quiet and taking leave of his friends tooke his journey thither againe Therefore it is to be supposed that he and his people inhabited part of this Country for it appeareth by Francis Lopez de Gomara that in Acuzamill and other places the people honored the Crosse whereby it may be gathered that Christians had beene there before the comming of the Spaniards This Madoc arriving againe in that West Countrey vnto the which he came 1170. left most of his people there and returned backe for more of his owne Nation acquaintance and friends to inhabite that faire and large Countrey went thither againe with 10. saile as I find noted by Guyten Owen I am of opinion that the Land wherevnto he came was some part of the West Indies As concerning Sebastian Cabot I cannot find that he was any further Northward then the 58. Degree and so returned along the Land of America to the S. but for more certainty heare his owne Relation to Galâ—acius Buâ—rigarius the Popes Legate in Spaine Vnderstanding saith he by reason of the Spheare that if I should saile by the way of North-west I should by a shorter tract come to India I caused the King to be advertised of my device who immediately caused two Caravels to be furnished with all things needfull which was as neere as I can remember in the yeare 1496. In the beginning of Summer I begun to saile North-west not thinking to find any other Land then that of Cataia and from thence to come into India But after certaine dayes I found the Land run to the North which was to me a great displeasure neverthelesse sailing along the Coast to see if I could finde any Gulfe that turned I found the Land still to continue continent to the 56. Degree vnder the Pole and seeing that there the Coast turned toward the East dispairing to find the passage I turned backe againe and sailed downe by the Coast of that Land toward the Equinoctiall Thus much from himselfe But heare how Baptistie Ramusius his Country man how he flattereth him thus It 's many yeares since it was written vnto me by Sebastian Cabota our Countryman a Venetian a Man of great experience and very rare in the Art of Navigation and the knowledge of Cosmographie who sailed along and beyond this Coast of new France at the charges of Henry the 7. King of England and he advertised me that having sailed along time West by North beyond those Ilands into the Latit of 67. Deg. and ½ vnder the North Pole and on the 11. day of Iune finding still the open Sea without any impediment he thought verily by that way to have passed on still to Cataia which is in the East and would have done it if the Mutinie of the shipmasters and Marriners had not hindered and made him returne home from that place Out of Robert Fabians Chronicle THere is also mention made of Iohn Cabota Sebastians Father by his meanes in the 13. yeare of Henry the Seauenth at the same Kings charge one ship was victuailed from Bristow wherein divers Marchants of London adventured sma stockes to search for an Iland he said was very Rich and replenished with great Commodities In his company went from Bristow 3. or 4. small Barkes laden with coarse Cloth Caps Laces Points and other trifles they departed the beginning of May but were not heard of in that Maiors time Out of the same Chronicle VVIlliam Purchase being Maior three Saluages were taken in New found Land and brought to the King they were cloathed in Beasts skinnes and eate raw flesh and spake such speech that no man could vnderstand them and in their demeanor much like to bruite Beasts of which two yeares after I saw two apparrelled after the manner of Englishmen in Westminster Parish I could not discerne them from English vntill I had learned what they were An Extract taken out of the Mappe of Sebastian Cabota cut by Clement Adams IN the yeare of Grace 1497. John Cabot a Venetian and Sebastian his Sonne with an English Fleete set from Bristow discovered that Iland which before that time no man had attempted on the 24. day of June this Land he called Prima Vesta that is to say first seene that Iland lying out before the Land he called the I le of St. John Because he discovered it vpon that day of St. John Baptist The inhabitants of this I le vse to weare Beasts skinnes in their Warres they vse Bowes Arrowes Pikes Darts Wooden-clubs and slings The soile is Barren in some places and yeeldeth little fruit but is full of white Beares and Stagges farre greater then ours it yeildeth plenty of Fish and these very great as Seales and Sammons there are Soales of a yard in length but especially there is great plenty of that kind of Fish which the Salvages call Baccalaos there are also bred Hawkes and Eagles Another Testimony of the Voyage of Sebastian Caboc taken out of the third Decade of Peter Martyr of Angleria THe North seas have bin searched by one Sâ—bastiaâ— Cabot a Venetian borne he furnished 2. Ships at his owne charge and first with 300. men directed his course towards the N. Pole that even in the Moneth of July he found monstrous heapes of Ice swimming on the Sea and in a manner continuall day light Thus seeing these heapes of Ice before him he was enforced to turne his sailes and follow the W. coasting the shore he was thereby brought so farre into the South by reason of the land stretching Southward that it was there almost equall in latitude with Fretum Herculeum As he travelled by the coasts of this great Land which he named Bacculaos he saith hee found the like course of waters toward the West but the same running more soft and gently then the swift waters which the Spaniards found in their Navigation South-ward wherefore it is not onely moâ—e like to be true but ought also of necessity to be concluded that betweene both the Lands hitherto vnknowne there should be certaine great open places whereby the waters continually passe from the East to the West Which waters I suppose to be driven about the Globe of the Earth by the incessant Motion and impulsion of the Heavens and not to be swallowed and cast vp againe by the breathing of Demogorgon as some
the Iles of Gods mercy the Master sent this Author over to discover this Iland to the North and North-West he met with a covery of Partridges and kild onely the old one it was barren land having nothing thereon but water plashes and torne Rockes as though it had beene subiect to earthquakes to the North of this Iland there is a great bay or Sea they know not what it may prove there was a great Iland of Ice on ground which with the spring tide was set on float and carried to the N W. but came not backe within sight here they found some drift wood on shoare From thence he stood to S W. to double the land to the W. off him through many peeces of Ice at length he found a cleare Sea and raised land to the N W. whereupon he stood more to S. then before and fell amongst Ice which he would have doubled to the N. but could not then he stood to the S W. amongst the Ice and strove to get to the land but could not for the Ice from out of this bay he stood to the North and was soone cleare of the Ice then he stood to S. W. and W. where he was inclosed with land and Ice having land on the one side from the S. to the N W. and on the other side he see land from E. to W. but the land that lay to the N. and lay E. and W. was but an Iland he went so farre as he could and made fast to the Ice the tyde brought upon him but the ebbe did open and made way and 7 or 8 houres he was cleare and with the great Ilands of Ice was carried to the N W. He stands to the W. along the S. shoare and raised 3 Capes or headlands one above another the middlemost is an Iland with a Bay which he thinkes will prove a good harbour he names them Prince Henries Forland when he had laid these he raised another which was the extreame part of the land looking towards the N. upon it are two hils but one above the rest like an humlocke he names it King Iames his Cape to the N. of this lyes certaine Ilands he names it Queen Annes Forland he still followed the N. shoare beyond the Kings Forland there is a Bay wherein lyeth some broken land and close to the maine but he passed by on the night From thence he stood to the N. and W. to double this land againe and fell with land that stretched from the maine like a shoare from S to N. and from N to W. and downe to S again here a storme takes him and he stands to N. and raises land then he stood to S. againe for he was loathat any time to see the N. shoare the storme continuing and he comming to the S. he found himselfe shot to the W. a great way which he mervailed at considering his leaward way to S. W. ward off this land there is a hill he named Mount Charles to the N. and beyond this is an Iland that to the East hath a fore head land and beyond it to the W. other broken land where he thinks may be found a good harbour he names this Cape Salisbury He then left those lands to the north-North-East and fell into a ripline or overfall of a current which he thought to be shoald water but had no ground he put on still in sight of the south-South-land and raised land 2 leag from the maine he tooke it to be the North maine but it proved an Iland having a very faire head-Head-land to the West which he named Cape Digges on the other side to the East was another Cape or head-head-land which he called Cape Worstenholme betwixt which two he sailed South He sends the Boate on shore to Digges his Iland and in her going she was overtaken by a storme of Raine Thunder and Lightning they came to the N East-side being high-land but with much adoe going to the highest part they find some plaine ground and Deere 4 or 5. And after 16 in one Heard but could not come nigh them with Musket shot Thus going from place to place they see to the West a Hill higher then all the rest it was steepe and they could not get vp to it but on the South-west side and on that side was a great water pond from whence on the South runneth a streame of water as much as would drive a Mill falling into the Sea and in this place bred great store of Fowle and the best grasse grew there they had seene since their comming from England they found Sorrell and Scurvey-grasse in great aboundance they found likewise Hills made like to hay-cockes within which were great store of Fowle hanged by the neckes they tooke many of them and downe a valley carried them to their Boate. In this time the Master had brought in the Ship betweene the two lands shot off some peeces to call the boat on board for it was a fogge they perswaded him to stay heere for refreshing but he would not but sailed downe to the S. the land beares E from him and the same Maine that he had all east- the time followed he looseth the sight thereof because it fell away to the East and after he had sailed 25 or 30. leag he came to shallow water broken ground and Rockes which he passed to the S. and in a storme of winde the water still shoalding he came to anchor in 15 fathomes After this he wayed and stood S E. for so the Land laid and came to have land on both sides then he anchored and sent the Boate on land the Land on the W. was a very narrow point and to the S. there was a large Sea He stood to the South betweene these two Lands in this place not above two leagues and in the sight of the East-shore in the end he lost sight thereof and came into the bottome of a bay into 6. or 7. fathom water then he stands vp againe to the N. by the West-shore vntill he came to an Iland in 53 deg where he tooke in water and ballast From thence he passed to the N. but some 2 or 3 dayes after there fell some reasoning concerning their comming into this Bay and going out the Master takes occasion to reviue old matters and displaces his Mate Robert Ivet and also his Boate-swaine for words spoken in the great Bay of Ice he places Robert Bylot his Mate and William Wilson Boate-swaine and then stands vp to the N vntill he raised land and then downe to the S. then vp againe to the N. and then downe to the S. and on Michaelmas day he came in and went out from certaine Ilands which he sets downe for Michalmas Bay from thence he stood to the N. and came into shole water the weather thicke and foule He anchored in 6 or 7 fadomes and lay there 8 dayes before which time he could
way 32 leagues nere Da 26 the S E by East the land of this North side meeting us bore from the E by N. to the N N West and is the Mayne or Iland betwixt the Iles of Gods Mercy and Salvage Iles all upon the North side of Fretum Hudson and nere those bearings of land my Latitude was 62 degrees 40 minutes From the last Meridian unto this I made way 13 leagues Da 27 E by S. and had I le Sackveile N E. by E 2 â— E. 7 leagues off at this present I had sight of the land from Resolution and it bore from me from the N N E. to the E. about 9 or more leag This day and night was fayre weather the one by sight of the Sun the other by the Moone although the wind came against our wils to the S E. by S. with a frostie fog turning up to the North land it was cleare but at Sea it was thicke and thus plying up to the Eastward came within 4 leagues of this land which lay from East to N N E. and was the same wee drived along immured amongst the Ice at our entrance inwards wee got little by plying with contrary winds and yet I durst not put into a Sound for harbour of which wee might perceive some as also Roade-steeds made by Ilands lying nere the Mayne our weather side was froze as also all our ropes were a quarter of an inch thicke about The wind continued contrary and I stood off into the Da 28 Channell and on againe with frostie fogge and very cold but the wind blew not to above Course and Bonnet this day Moneths September I appointed 4 beefe dayes in the weeke With wind contrary I plyed it to the Eastwards the Aire was both thicke and cleare as I was neere or farre off the North Maine sometime it blew to both topsailes and sometime was eafie winde The evening 8. I stood to the S. ward being S. W. from the E. point of the N. land stretching toward Resolution 4 leagues I stood over untill this day clocke Da 30 one S. S. E. wreck and variation allowed 28 leag at what time we thought we had sight of the S. Maine about S. W. by S. 5. leagues off very high land This night was hazie and blew to Course and Bonnet comming betweene 2 Ilands of ice the Sea had beate much from off the weathermost which lay floting betwixt it and that to Leeward so as I loosed for one and bore up for another for the space of the 60 part of one houre and this was all the trouble the ice put me unto homeward bound This first day it blew lesse wind but all the morning was Da 1 Moneths October Snow the Lord for his mercy sake looke upon us for we are all in weake case dispairing more since this last frost and contrary winds that hath bin within these 5 dayes although the frost hath not beene uncouth to us then for the same weather we had for 3 weekes before and yet our allowance is enlarged to so much as we cannot eate with Sacke Aquavita Beere as well Oatemeale Meale Rice Pease and Beefe for salt fish our men can eate none nor doe I hold it fit they should These 2 dayes were spent in plying to the E. sometimes in Da 2 the sight of the N. land or Maine whereof lay 2 small Ilands Da 3 which we drive by as I drive inwards being then fast amongst the ice at 12 this day I tacked to the S. wards and at this instant the said land-bore from N W. by W. to the E. the Iland at the N. end by estimation was one league distant from the Maine that at the E. was 2 off This day hath been faire and cleere and it cleereth with bright Horizons at N. E. God send the wind from thence to take us out of those dilatory sufferings which we have more through lingring doubt of what wee shall feele then as yet we doe feele and expecting our freedome if wee were freed out of Fretum Hudson which upon a sodaine change wee may happely expect From last day noon unto this day 12 I stood upon a bowling Moneths October Da 4 making a S. E. way 31 leagues the wind Veering meâ—e Northerly I stood E. S. E. so neare as I could lie 20 leagues more and at midnight I had the Cape Chidly since called Buttons Ilands E. 4 leagues from me whereupon I stood to the North because I could not carry it about the Cape untill this day 5 in the morning and then tackt to the E. the Da 5 wind larging about to the Northward I doubled the Cape at clocke 12 weathering the same about 2 leagues having as at all headlands with Sea winds and cold weather a great Sea with an inset into Fretum Hudson against me that the shippe strucke in the Spritsaile yard and bowlspright under water I much fearing that the springing of our yards or Maâ—ts setled the topsailes so to ease them that I thought I did but double the Cape with much adoe it was high land consisting of diveâ—s ilands seeming as they were to bee sayled betwixt these were covered with Snow as also Resolution whose Cape Warwicke I see bearing N. and by W. at that instant after I had brought this Cape or Iles of Chidly W S. W. either the Tyde or Current did set me fast to the S. ward this day it froze so sore with the ships dipping in the Sea that our head and wet tackling were Canded over with Icesicles and many Snowie showres in earnest were sent from Boreas his frozen forge And for the haire of our faces to be of his hoary colour had been no noveltie to us these 4. weekes I stood from the Cape bearing S. E. ½ Southerly variation Da 6 and wreake allowed 51 leagues and 2 mile untill this noone time From thence untill this 12 E. by S. 54 leagues at what time Da 7 motion was made to come home in lesse sayle but answer was that I was not discharged as yet and therefore I would runne the ship out of victuall and pay for as yet I never durst carry sayle to see how fast I could drive Charles his Waine to the best advantage fearing that if I had sprung any of my Masts yards or tackling or wrong the ship it might have beene supposed I had done it upon purpose that then if I had stood need of excuse for feare or neglect I might have used that false colour blessed be the Almighty who never faileth those that depend on him truely this warmeth we find in the open Moneths October Ocean doth much revive us for truely if this extremity of the frost and snow had continued on with the Easterne winds we had within Fretum Hudson wee had beene constrained backe to have wintered in Hudsons Bay or else-where for the most of us were ready to fall downe with the rest that were downe already After I was
perceiving that on the other side of the River it was throughly inhabited which was the first peopled Land he had found from the place of his dwelling whereas continually hee had a desert Wildernesse upon his Starbord-side except some in places he saw a few Fishers Fowlers and Hunters which were all Finnes and on the Larbord the maine ocean Thus much for Octher whom it appeares was the second that doubled the North Cape that we have extant King Arthur being the first Although I know heere is something that will not bee beleeved yet I will proceed seeing that the more and further I doe goe on I finde some reason to have better confidence of the former and thus much c. Therefore as followeth out of the Comments of Arngrinus Fitz Ionus 1598. A Certaine Writer sayth hee hath put downe the distance betweene the mouth of Elbe and Baczend in the South part of Iseland to be 400. leagues from whence if you will accompt the difference of Longitude to the Meridian of Hambrough Iseland must have none of the Longitudes accompted of as 5. 7. 6. 20. 30. 28. 325. according to severall Authors for I am able to prove by 3. severall Voyages of Hamburgers that it is but 7. dayes sayle from Iseland to Hambrough besides all the Ilands which for the abundance of Sheepe are called Farrier as likewise the Desert shoares of Norway are distant from us but two dayes sayling wee have 4. dayes sayling into habitable Groenland and almost in the same quantity of time wee past over to the Province of Norway called Stâ—d lying betweene the Townes of Oridrosia or Trondon and Bargon as we find by antient Records of those Nations Iseland hath bin called by three names one after another for one Nuddocus a Norvegian borne who is thought to bee the first Discoverer thereof as he was sayling towards Farra Ilands through a violent Tempest did by chance arrive at the East shore of Iseland where beholding the Mountaines tops covered with Snow called this Iland Snowland After this one Gardarus being moved with Nuddocus reports went to seeke and when hee had found hee called it Garders Ile After these two one Flok went into this Land and named it after the Ice hee found there Iceland This land hath some yeares no Ice at all as in 1592. but the Sea is open for most yeares from Aprill to Ianuary and in May all is driven to the West and this Land hee inhabited about the yeare of our Lord 874. In the yeare 1591. there was a Ship of Germany lay laden with Copper 14. dayes in the harbour of Vopnaford in November she set sayle and departed this was some ship of the Balticke Sea or Hambrough which durst not goe through the Narrow seas for Spaine The Commentor Arngrinus sayth in the yeare of Christ 874. Iseland being indeed discovered before that time as is aboue mentioned was the first of all inhabited by certaine Norvegians their Chieftaine was one Ingulphus from whose name the East Cape of Iseland is called Ingulâ—e Hoffdie these Planters are reckoned vp by name in our Records saith he more then to the number of 400. together with those of their blood and kindred and great families besides neither onely is their number described but it is so plainely set downe what Coasts what Shoares and what In-land places each of them did occupie and inhabite and what names the inhabitants did giue vnto Straights Bayes Harbours Necklands Creekes Capes Rockes Crags Mountaines Hills Valleyes Hammockes Springs Flouds Rivers and to be short what names they gaue vnto their Granges and houses whereof many as this day are received and vsed Therefore the Norvages with their company peopled all the habitable places of Iseland The voyages of the Brethren Mr. Nicolo and Anthonie Zeni Venotians collected out of their owne Letters by Mr. Francisco Maritino NIcolas caused a ship to be made ready at his owne charge in Italy 1380. with intent to see England and Flanders but was by tempest cast vpon the I le of Freesland where he had beene cruelly entreated had it not beene for Zichmni Lord of certaine Ilands called Porland lying on the South of Freesland being rich and populous he was also Duke of Sorany lying ouer against Scotland This Prince being arrived vpon Freesland to make warre vpon the same vnderstanding the shipwracke came presently and hearing by the Latine tongue that he was of Italy he received him into protection with great ioy This Prince having the last yeare given the overthrow to the King of Norway in some of his Signiories was come to Friesland also to take the same from the said King whereof he was Lord and to that purpose vnderstanding that Mr. Nicolo had great judgement in Sea and Martiall affaires he gaue him commission to goe aboord his ships commanding the Captaine to honour him in all things and to vse his counsell his Nauie consisted of 30. saile whereof two rowed with Oares With these small Barkes and one ship they â—ailed to the Westward and won Ledovo and Ilofe and divers other small Ilands and turned into a Bay called Sudero in the Hauen of the Towne called Samstoll they tooke certaine small Barkes laden with fish Here they found Zichmni who came thither by land conquering all the Country they sailed to the W. by another Cape or Gulfe and conquered all the Ilands they found to the Signorie of Zichmnâ— These Seas for as much as they sailed were in manner nothing but shoales and Rockes so as it was thought amongst them that the fleete had perished if it had not beene for the skill and knowledge of Mr. Nicolo and his men who had beene brought vp in the practise of Nauigation all their liues At the counsell of Mr. Anthonie they goe on Land when they heard of the good successe of Zichmni in his warres and that all the Iland by Embassadors was yeilded vnto him At their meeting the Prince gaue Mr. Nicolo the honour of Knighthood graced him as the preseruer of his fleete and rewarded his men In Triumphant manner they goe towards Friesland the chiefe Citty thereof is scituate on the S. E. side within a Gulfe or Bay as there are many in that Iland in this Gulfe or Bay is such abundance of fish taken that many ships are laden to serue Flanders Brittaine England Scotland Norway and Denmarke Thus much is taken out of a Letter that Mr. Nicolo sent to his Brother Anthonie requesting that he would seeke some meanes to come to him MAster Anthonie furnisht a ship and after great danger with great joy arrived with his Brother where he remained 14. yeares 4. yeares with his Brother and 10. yeares alone where they so behaued themselues that Nicolo was made Captaine of Zâ—chmnies Nauie they set forth for the enterprise of Estland being betweene Friesland and Norway but by storme of wind they were driven vpon certaine shoales where a great part of their Fleete was cast away The King of Denmarke
being in despaire thereof never offered to attempt their freedome and therefore stayed there whereupon he travailed through the woods towards Dorgio the next Lord knew him and he was conveyed from one to another untill at length he came to Dorgio where he stayed three yeares and hearing of divers Boates that were arrived there he went to the sea side and asking of whence they were they said of Estotiland he being glad requested to be entertained by them and carried to their country which they gladly granted and used him for their Interpretor After that he frequented that trading with them and became very rich wherewith he furnished a barke returned into Friezeland and to his Lord made this report of that wealthy Country He is credited here for that the Mariners doe affirme his reports to be true wherefore this Lord is resolved to send me forth with a fleete toward these parts but it was not so for Zâ—chmni went himselfe and concerning their proceedings I have a Letter in forme following OVr preparation for Estotiland was begun in an unluckie houre for three dayes before our departure the Fisherman dyed that should have beene our guide notwithstanding this Lord would not give over the enterprise taking the Marriners that returned with him making our navigation to the Westward we discovered Ilands subject to Friesland and having passed certaine shelves we stayed at Ledovo 7. dayes The first of Iuly we arrived at Ilofe we stayed not there but had a veâ—ing storme at Sea for 8. dayes not knowing where we were a great part of their barkes were cast away the weather being faire they gathered up the pieces of broken barkes sayling on with prosperous wind they discovered land at W. They tooke harbour and an infinite company of armed men came to defend their Iland Zichmni makes signes of peace sends 10. men of ten severall languages but they could understand none but one that was of Iseland who informed them that the Ilands name was Icâ—ria named after the name of the first King of that place whom they say was sonne to Dedalus King of Scotland who conquered that Iland and left his sonne there for King and they called this Sea the Icarion Sea in remembrance of that King in further search was drowned there They would not suffer us to land but onely they would receive one man to learne the Jtalian tongue as they had received the other tenne He espying a harbour on the East side put therein for wood and water but the inhabitants assaults slew and maimed many of them enforcing them away and sayling about the Cape of the Iland towards the North we found many shoalds amongst the which we were ten dayes continually in danger of losing our whole fleete Zichmni seeing he could not prevaile against the force of the Ilands sailed 6. dayes towards the West but the wind changing into S. W. he sayled 4. dayes with wind a poope with a growne sea he discovers land not knowing what land and rowing to it with Oares they finde a good harbour and see farre off a Mountaine that cast forth smoake Zichmni sent forth an hundred Souldiers to search what people inhabited it the whiles he takes in wood and water catches great store of fish and Sea fowle with such aboundance of Egges that his men halfe famished were filled therewith this was in Iune the ayre so temperate pleasant as impossible to expresse They finde no people they name the haven Trine the Souldiers returning backe had bin through the Iland finds the fire naturall that the hils bottome produced and that there was a Spring which issued water like pitch and run into the Sea and that there dwelt a multitude of people of small stature hiding themselves in caves in the ground Zichmni taking liking to the soyle stayes there with such as were willing the rest he sent away in the ships wherein unwilling I was Captaine Anthonie sayles 20. dayes East without sight of any Land altering his course S. E. in 5. dayes he discovered Neome he knowing the Country had sailed past an Iland as he found he victuailed here the Iland being subiect to Zichmni And in 3. dayes he sailes to Friesland What followed after this Letter he knew not but by coniecture that Zich built a City and discovered on both sides of Engroneland and that he see it particularly described in the Sea carde but the narration is lost The beginning of his letter is thus COncerning these things that you desire to know of me as of their Manners and Customes of the Beasts and Countryes adioyning I haue made thereof a particular Booke which by Gods helpe I will bring with me wherein I have described the Country the monstrous Fishes the Lawes and Customes of Friesland Iseland Eastland the Kingdome of Norway Estotiland Dorgio an the end of the life of Mr. Nicolo with his discoverie and the state of Engroneland I have also written the Life and Acts of Zichmni a Prince as worthy of Immortall memory as any that ever lived for his great vigilancy and singular humanity Wherein I have described the discovery of Engroneland on both sides and the Citty he builded and further I hope to be with you very shortly to satisfie you by word of mouth All these Letters were written by Mr. Anthonie to Mr. Carlo his brother FOr the more credit and confirmation of the former History of Mr. Nichcolo and Mr. Anthonie which for some few respects may be called in question I have hereunto annexed the judgement of that Famous Cosmographer Abraham Ortelius or rather the yeilding or submitting of his judgment thereunto who in his Theatrum Ortis Fol. 6. next after the Mappe of Mar del Zur borroweth proofe and authority out of this Relation to shew that the N. E. part of America called Estotiland is in the Originall alwaies affirmed to be an Iland was about the yeere 1390. discovered by the foresaid Venetians and aboue 100. yeares before Columbus set sayle for these Westerne Regions and that the Northerne Seas were even then sailed by our Europian Pilates This writer acknowledging that Originall copies of the Zenijs Letters were by him careleslly torne in peeecâ— in his youth which losse he now grieued at I doubt in this he was enforced in many things to patch vp as his memorie would serve so as there may be some likelyhood of vntruths howsoever I doe beleeue the first Copies were true though this is subiect to mistakings To continue antiquity may be to some purpose seeing there may be some vse thereof by the painfull Seamen otherwise it may something satisfie the never satisfied Curious who enquire after the beginning of things and herein Mr. Hakeluits paines doth deserve great commendations who recordeth in his English Voyages That Madoc soone of Oween Guyneth Prince of North Wales left the Land in contention betweene his Brethren and prepared certaine ships with Men and Munition and sought adventures by Sea sailing West leaving the coast of
will sell their Coates or any thing they have They brought not above 20. skinnes but made signes that if they would goe ashore they should have more Chichesanege skinnes I thinke The 30. he was in 72. deg 12 min. at midnight the Compasse set the variation 28. deg West-ward he Coasted this Land which he called London Coast From the 21. to the 30. the Sea all open to the West and North-ward the Land on Starboard E. from him the wind shifted to the North. Then he left that shore and named the N. most part he did discover Hope Sanderson and shaping his Course West runne 40. leag and better without sight of any Land The 2. he meetes with a mighty banke of Ice West from him He would faine have quit it by the North-wards but the wind would not which if he had he would have runne W. vntill he had seene Land and have beene resolved The 6. being faire weather he puts the Barke amongst the Ice but could not prevaile the 7 8 9 10. He coasts the Ice the 11 was fogge and calme The 13 he determining to goe againe to the shore And harbor for 5 or 6 dayes Hoping in that time the extreame heate of the Sunne and beating of the Sea would have made way with the Ice but when he was nigh Land he durst not anchor for depth of water The Salvages came oft and truct for skinnes Darts they had for old and new knives and they would gladly have had him to the Land but he beareâ— away The 15. he finds himselfe driven 6. points west beyond his Course He layes the fault either in the Ship or Current The 16. he falls with the banke of Ice againe The 17. he had sight of Mount Raleigh at 12 at Night he was thwart of his old hole againe He sailes 60. leagues N W. vp the streights The 23 he anchors in the bottome of the Gulfe and calles the Iles Cumberland Iles. Whilst he was at anchor a Whale passed vp by him here the Compasse set at 30. d. variation This day also he departs shaping his course S E. and seeketh to recover the Sea The 25 be was becalmed in the bottome of the Gulfe the aire extreame hot Bruton the Master goes a Land to course Dogges they find many graves and Trane spilt the Salvage dogges was so fat they could scarce goe The 26 was a pretty storme at S E. 27 28 29. faire weather He had coasted the South-side shore of Cumberlands sound And was got cleare out into 62 deg betwixt which and 63. deg 00. he espies an opening And names it Lumleys Ilet And tells of great falls and Gulfes of water The 31 he see a Head-land he names Warwicks Forland The 1. he falls with the South-west Cape of the Gulfe and names it Chidleys Cape in 61 deg 10. min. From the first to the 12 He trents along the South-land sees 5 Deere on the top of an Iland he calls Darcyes Iland they take to another Iland his Boate was too little to carry his men and chase the Deere though it were in the water one of them was as big as a pretty Cowe and very fat their feete as broad as Oxe feete The 13. in 54 d. Latitude Heere he struck vpon a Rocke he stops his leake And Coasts along into 52 deg not finding his fishing ships as was appointed for them to stay and fish in Latit betweene 54 and 55 deg vntill the fine of this moneth but in 16 dayes they were fisht and gone home himselfe arrives at Dartmouth the 15 of September The Copie of Davis his Letter to Mr. Saunderson GOod Mr. Saunderson with Gods great mercy I have made my safe returne in health with all my company And have sailed 60. leag further then my determination at my departure I have beene in 73. deg finding the Sea all open and 40 leag betweene Land and Land The passage most probable the Bâ—cecution casie as at my comming you shall fully know The Marine Observation THat he Coasted the West side of Groynland farther then before from 65 deg odde min. to 72 deg odde minutes naming it London-Coast and on the West side was as farre vp his former streights as before onely he then forgot to name the Earle of Cumberlands Iles which now he hath done And besides he hath in his returne home seene and named Lumleys Inlet and passed by Fretum Hudson vnknowne Yet he hath named Cape Warwicke Which is the East part of Resolution Chidleys Cape the South bounds thereof now called Buttons Iles But vntruely these two things are both although in his Letter writ to Mr. Saunderson at his arrivall the 2. Voyage he doth assure the Passage to be in one of the 4. places vpon perill of his Life But I thinke he durst not venture it He went forth the 7. of May and returnes homewards the 23 of July His greatest Variation West was 30. deg And the 15 of Iuly he was driven 5 points W. of beyond his Course by what accident he knoweth not For to vse his owne words speaking of Warwickes Head-land This Cape as it was the most S. limit of the Gulfe wee passed over the 30 of this Moneth So was it the N. promontorie or first beginning of a very great Inlet whose South limit at this present wee see not Which Inlet or Gulfe this afternoone and in the Night wee passed over to our great admiration for the waters fall These abstracts are more at large to be seene in the first and 3 Volumes of Mr. Hâ—ckluits Voyages The Voyage of Captaine George Waymouth with two Fly-boâ—tes one of 70 th' other of 60. Tonnes 35 men victuaâ—led for 18 monethes set forth by the Muscovia and Tâ—â—kie Companies HE set forth the second of May 1602. hee went by the North made the Start or one of the Westmost Iles of Orkney it being low land bearing West in latitude 59 deg 30 min. he shapes a course betwixt N and West untill hee brings the Start North sayles away W and by N. in 59 deg 40 min. then steeres away W S W. in 57 deg 55 min. and there had no variation at all he hailed away Westward and had some fogge much raine but warme as in England 16 This day at noone he was 57 deg 35 min. and had not seene the Sunne or Moone in 76 houres before and now had variation 11 deg 18 He saw a great Iland of Ice in the afternoon he got sight also of the Southmost part of Groenland hee coasts this Ice to the North comming sometime into black water and presently the Sea would be cleare againe he could not game ground in 120 Fathoms neither could hee discerne any Current at which he reckons Cape Desâ—lation N N E 24 leagues off him 22 He was in 60 deg 37 min. latitude 27 The weather warme as in England he had great store of sea-Guls 28 He directs his course
Cabbin which hee soone did then came John Thomas and Bennet before him while Wilson bindes his armes behind him he asked what they meant they told him that he should know when hee was in the Shallop now Iuet while this was doing came to John King into the hold who was provided for him for hee had got a sword of his owne and kept him at a Bay and might have killed him but others came to helpe him and so he came up to the Master the Master called to the Carpenter and tolde him that he was bound but he heard no answer made now Arnold Lodlo and Michell But railed at them and told them there knavery would show it selfe then was the Shallop hailed up to the ship side and the poore sicke and lame men were called up to get them into the Shallop the Master called to this writer who came out of his cabbine as well as he could to the hatch way to speake with him where on his knees he besought them for the love of God to remember themselves and to do as they would be done unto they bad him keep himselfe well and get him into his cabbine not suffering the Master to speak to him but when he came into his cabbin againe at the horn window which gave light into his cabbine the Mr. told him that Juet would overthrow them all nay said he it is that villaine Greene and spake it not softly Now was the Carpenter at liberty and asked them if they would be hanged when they came at home and as for himselfe he said he would not stay in the Ship unlesse they would force him they bid him go then for they would not stay him I will said he so I may have my chest and all that is in it they said he should and presently put it into the Shallop then came he to take his leave of this writer who perswaded him to stay which if he would he might so worke that all might be well but he answered that he did not thinke but that they would be glad to take them in againe for he was so perswaded by the Master that there was not one in all the ship that could tell how to carry her home but saith he if we must part which we will not willingly doe for they would follow the ship prayed him if they came to the Cape before them that he would leave some token that he had beene there neare to the place where the Fowles breed and he would doe the like for us and so with teares we parted now were the sick men driven out of their cabbines into the Shallop but Iohn Thomas who was Francis Clements friend and Bennet was the Coopers so as there was words betweene them and Henry Greene saying that they should goe and the other swearing that they should not goe but such as were in the Shallop should returne when Henry Greene heard that he was compelled to give place and to put out Arnold Lodlâ— and Michael But which with much a doe they did In the meane time there was some that plyed there worke as though the ship had beene entred by force and they had free leave to pillage breaking up chests and riâ—eling all places one of them came to this writer and asked him what they should doe who answered that they should make an end of what they had begun for he see him doe nothing but sharke up and downe now all the poore men in the Shallop as Henry Hudson Master Iohn Hudson his sonne Arnold Lodle Sirack Fenner Phillip Staffe the Carpenter Thomas Woodhonse Adam Moâ—re Henry King and Mâ—cheâ—â— But the Carpenter got of them a peice and powder and shot and some pikes an Iron pot with some meale and other things they stoode out of the Ice the Shallop being fast to the sterne of the Ship and so when they were high out for he cannot say they were cleane out they cut the head-fest from the sterne of their ship and then out went topsailes and stood to the E. in cleare Sea having lost sight of the Shallop in the end they tooke in top sailes righted their helme and lay in foresaile untill they had ransacked and searched all places in the Ship in the hold they found one of the vessels of meale whole and another halfe spent for they had but two they found also 2 firkins of butter some 27 peeces of porke and halfe a Bushell of pease but in the Mrs. cabbine they found 200 of Bisket Cakes a peck of meale of Beare to the quantity of a Butt now when it was said that the Shallop was again come within sight they let fall the maine saile and out top sailes and fly as from an enemy Then he prayed them to remember themselves but Wilson nor the rest would heare of no such matter comming high the E. shore they cast about to the W. and came to an Iland where they anckred in 16 fathoms and tries on shoare with the net for fish but could not drive for rockes Michaell Peirce killed two fowle and heare they found good store of weed called cockle grasse of which they gathered as in their wintering place and came on board they lay there that night and the most of the next day in which time they see not the Shallop nor ever after now came Heâ— Greene and told him that it was the companies will that he should go up into the Mrs. cabbine and take charge thereof he told him that it was more fit for Rob. Iuet he said he should not come in it nor meddle with the Mrs. Card nor Iournals so up he came and Hen. Greene gave the key of the Mrs. chest and told him that he had layde the Mrs. best things together which he would use himselfe when time did serve the bread was also delivered this writer by tale The winde serving they stand N E. and this was Bylots course contrary to Ivet who would have gone N West they had the E. shoare in sight and in the night had a stiffe gale of wind and stood before it untill they met with Ice and stoode amongst the same untill they were fast it was so thicke on head and the winde brought it so fast on a sterne that they could not stirre backewards and so laid there 14 dayes in worse plight then ever before they had beene where was great store yet it lay not so broad upon the water as this for this sloating Ice continued miles and halfe miles in compasse having a deepe Sea and a tyde of flood setting S E. and N W. but Bilâ—t was confident to goe through to the N E. as he did At length being cleare of the Ice he continued his course in sight of the East shore untill he had raised 4 Ilands which lay North and South but past them 6 or 7 leag where the wind tooke them short they stood backe to them againe and came to anckor betweene 2 of the
Westmost they found nothing on land but Cockle grasse he saith he found that before they came to this place that he was kept in the Ship against Henry Greenes minde because he did not favour their proceeding better then he did for he drave him to take upon him to search for such things as himselfe had stolne and accused him of a matter no lesse then treason amongst themselves for that he had deceived the company of 30 bread cakes now they began to talk that England was no safe place for them and Henry Greene swore that the ship should not come in any place but keepe the Sea still untill he had the Kings hand and seale to show for his safety they had many devises but Henry Greene was their Captaine and so they called him from those Ilands he stood to the N. having the Easterne land in sight and raised these Ilands the Master had called Romnâ—ys Ilands between which Ilands and the shallow ground to the E. off them the Mr. stood downe into the first great bay this was going outward in the Masters time they kept the East side â—â—iâ—lâ—in sight and comming thwaâ—t of low land strooke once upon a Rock that lay under water but without any harme that they saw they continue their course and raise Lanâ— on head which stretâ—hed to the North there they said pâ—â—iâ—â—lâ— that Robert Bilot by his Northernâ— course had lâ—â—â— thâ—â—â—â—â—s to the South and that in time they must sâ—â—ke thâ—t way for reliefe having but small store left Buâ— Bilot would still follow the land to the North saying that â—â—â—â—â—pâ—d in good time to finde what would relieve us that way as soone as to the South This Writer faith that hee told them that this Land was the Maiâ—â— of Wostenholme Cape and that the shallow Rockey ground was the same that the Master ran down by when he went intâ— the great Bay Robert Iveâ— and all said it was not possible unlesse the Master had brought the Ship over land and willed them to looke into the Masters Card how well their course and it did agree they stood to the East and left the Maine land to the North by many small Ilands into a narrow gut betweene two Lands and anchored they went on the West side and found a great Horne and cockle grasse on the East side this Grasse was great reliefe to them for without it they could not have recovered the Capes for want of Victuall When they weighed Anchor theâ— doubled the Cape to the North which is high land even to the Capes which is North and South some 25. or 30. leagues then they stand to the North they saw of those Fowles which breed at the Capes and killed some at which time with great joy they raised the Capes and bearing for them came to the Ilands that lay in the mouth of the Streights but bearing in they ran upon a Rock and stood fast for 8. or 9. houres it was ebbe when they grounded but the next flood floated them off againe It was faire weather the ebbe came from the East and the flood from the West being afloate they stood to the Eastward and anchored This day he sent the Boat on land to kill Fowle they in the Ship had warning to stand as neere as they could but the winde being contrary they could not fetch the place where the Fowle breed but they found great store of Gulls upon the Cliffes but hard to come by but with their peeces they killed 30. and towards night returned on shipboard then they brought their Ship neerer the Mouth of the Streights and anchored in 18. Fathoin upon a Riffe or Shelfe but when they had wayed and stood to the place where the Fowle breed they were faine to stand to and againe in the Streights mouth under Sayle because they could not finde ground to Anchor in the water was so deepe The Boat went to Diggs Cape and made directly for the place where the Fowle breed where they see 7. Boats came about the Easterne point towards them but when the Salvages saw their Boat they draw their lesser Boats into their bigger and when they had done they came rowing to their Boat and made signes to the rest our men made ready for all essayes the Saluages came to them and they grew familiar one with another so as ours tooke one of theirs into their Boate and they tooke one of ours into theirs then they carried our Men to a Cove where their Tents stood to the Westward of the place where the Fowle breed so they carryed our Man into their Tents where he remained untill our men returned theirs In our Boat went their man to the place where the Fowle breed and wee being desirous to know how the Salvages killed their Fowle hee shewed them the manner how which was thus They tooke a long Pole with a snare at the end which they put about the Fowles neck and so pluck them downe When our men knew that we had a better way and so shewed the Salvages the use of our Peeces which at one shot would kill 7. or 8. To bee short they returned to the Cove to receive our man and to deliver heirs When they came they made great joy with dancing leaping and striking of their breasts they offered divers things to our Men but they onely tooke some Mores teeth which they gave them for a knife and two glasse Buttons so receiving our Man they came abroad rejoycing at this chance as if they had met with the most simple people of the World And Henry Greene more then the rest was so confident that by no meanes we should take care to stand upon our guarde God blinded him so that where he thought to receive great matters from this people he received more then hee looked for and that suddenly by being made an example for all men that make no conscience of doing evill and that wee take heed how wee trust the Salvage people how simple soever they seeme to be They made haste to be on shore and because the Ship rid farre off they weighed and stood as neere the place where the Fowle breed as they could and because he this Writer was lame he was to goe into Boat to carry such things as he had in the Cabbine of every thing some what And so with more hast then good speed and not without swearing away he went as Henry Greene William Wilson John Thomas Michael Pierce Andrew Motter and himselfe When they came neere the shore the people were on the hills dancing and leaping to the Cove we came where they had drawn up their Boats Wee brought our Boat to the East side of the Cove close to the Rocks on land they goe and make fast the Boat to a great stone on the shore the people came and every one had something in his hand to barter but Henry Greene swore that they should have nothing untill he had Veâ—ison
26. Leagues distant from Mill I le North West by West true course being first amongst the Ice hee perceived a great Tyde to set to and fro and had 120. Fathome ozie ground at 80. Fathomes the wind comming to the North and setting him somwhat Southward had 110. Fathomes thus seeing great aboundance of Ice in this place and the more he got to the North Westward the shoalder it was the Ice being foule and durty as not bred far from shades hee determined to stand to the Estward to be better informed of the Tyde 6. The morning standing to the Eastward hee brooke a planck and two timbers in his ships bow which after hee had mended he proceeded to the East along the North shore which Land stretcheth along from Resolution within the streights and is the West side thereof 7. This day he saw the Land it being but low and the Sea shoald in respect of other places having 10. or 12. Fathome about a League from shore and some 30. or 35 Fathomes 5. or 6. Leagues from shore having very good channell ground some 18. or 20. Leagues off as small stones and shells but the farther of the more ozie Also here runneth a very great Tyde to the Northward with this evening hee found to be the Tyde of ebbe For comming neere the shore about Clock 7. hee went on Land with his Boate and found it so he stayed on Land about an houre and an halfe in which time the water fell about 3. foote and a halfe and a South South East Moone maketh a full Sea They saw no signe of people to have beene here this yeare but other yeares before they could well see by divers places where their Tents had stood and perhaps their time of fishing was not yet come there being such great abundance of Ice as yet 8. This day the wind was West 9. This day was almost calme and he reckoned to be neere the shore 10. This day hee entermined to stand to I le Notingham to trye the Tyde there the wind South West so as hee turned it up untill night the wind came to North North West 150. Fathome deepe so as hee stood away to the West ward and left the stateth of Notinghams Ile having a great swelling Sea out of the West with the wind that had blowne which put him in some hopes 11. This morning hee saw Land West from him and had no ground at 130 standing along by the Land which then lay North West and by West the next morning hee was thwart of a Bay then standing over to a faire Cape or Head land hee saw in the afternoone it was almost calme being about a League from Land hee sent his Boate to try the Tyde and they stayed about 3. houres going at 5 and returning at 8. and brought word that it was falliâ—g water and that whilst they were on shore it had ebbe two foote also they affirmed that the flood came from the N. in this place whâ—ch he perceived by the Ship shee setting a pace to the N. although it was no wind also they might see by the Rocks that the water was â—aâ—â— this made him doubtfull of a passage that way Master Bylot named this Cape Comfort for the reasons before and not a league from Land is 140. Fathome water here a S E. Moone makes a full Sea the Latitude is 65 and 86. d. 10. W. from London But this suddaine comfort was soone quailed as hee saith for the next day having doubted the Cape and proceeded not above 10. or 13. Leagues but hee saw the Land Trent from the Cape to the Westward untill it bare from him N. E. and by E. and very thick pestered with Ice And the further he proceeded N. ward he found shoalder water and more Ice and small show of any Tyde at 6. he had 130. Fathom soft ozie and at noone had 150. Fad This was the furthest of this voyage being in Latitude 65. 25. and Longitude from London 86. 10. for seeing the Land so farre to the E. of him 9. or 10. Leagues off and the Ice hee was fully perswaded this was but a Bay and so turned the ship homeward without any further search 14. The wind at S. E. that he could make but small way back againe the next morning it was foule weather and hee Anchored in a small Iulet neere Cape Comfort on the N. when here he found a S. and by E. Moone to make a full Sea but could not discerne from whence the flood came for it was bad weather at Sea 16. The afternoon the wind came N. W. stiffe gale and hazie he wayed and stood along the shore by the 16. at noon he went with a great quantity of Ice lying within the point of Land amongst this Ice hee saw a great number of Sea Moâ—s not seing any in all the streights but in this place and those very fearefull not suffering any Ship or Boate to come neere them by Clock 8. he was come to this S. shore point which he called Sea horses Pointe where he came to Anchor in open Sea the better to try the Tyde where he and all his company apparantly found that in this place the Tyde came from S. E. and the Ebbe from N. W. he wayed after hee had found this and stood over with a stiffe gale of wind which continued all day and at night it was very foule weather and sowre stormes By Clock 2. he was come to Anchor on the N W side of Notinghams Iland where 2. or 3. small Iles lye off from the greater which makes very good sounds and harbour about this I le he had store of Ice but nothing as in other places he staid here untill the 27. day with much foule weather many storms often fogg and uncertaine winds many times he wayed Anchor to goe to that side of the I and where the Ship rod when Cap. Button was in her finding in other places of this â—le the Tyde of flood came from the S. E. ward and the time of high water upon the change of day to bee at 10. and halfe an houre past and not after as they supposed before in 10. dayes he stayed about this I le he fitted his Ships with ballast and other necessaries 26. This day being indifferent faire weather hee pâ—ssâ—d betweene Salisbury and Notinghams Iles at the S. point thereof where lie many small lone Iles without the which to have Anchored had beene a fit place to have found out the true set of the Tyde but the Mr. being desirous to have come to the same place where he had rod before stood along by this I le to the W. ward and came to an Anchor in the Eddie of this broken grounds where the Ship rod at no cetainety of the Tyde 27. This morning was soule weather with much raine and wind that the Reager Anchor would not hold at 8. Fathomes scope but was driven into deeper water
a travis And above all the variation of the compasse whose wonderfull opperation is such in this Bay encreasing and decreasing so suddainely and swift being in some part as in Wolstenholmes and Smiths Sound varied above 5. points or 56. d. a thing almost incredible and almost matchiesse in all the world besides so that without great care and good observations true description would not have beene had In fine whatsoever my labours are or shall be I esteeme too little to expresse my thankfull mind for your many favours wherein I shall be ever studious to supply my other wants by my best endeavours and ever rest at your worships command William Baffyn The Journalls of his Voyage set forth at the charge of the right worshipfull Sir Thomas Smith Knight Sir Dudley Diggs Knight Mr. Iohn Wolstenholme Esquier and Mr. Alderman Ioanes with others in the Discovery Robert Bylot Mr. himselfe Pilot. 1616. HE set from Gravesend and went about by the W. by Ireland and the first Land hee saw was within Fretum Davies in 65. degrees 20. minutes on the 14. May the forenoone and 6. of the people being on fishing came to him to whom hee gave small peeces of â—ron and they keeping him company with great love suppose he had intended to come to anchor but when they see him stand off from shore they followed a while and then went away discontented as he thought Hee prosecuted his voyage being loth to Anchor as yet although the wind was contrary but plyed to the N. ward untill he came into 70. d. 20. m. there he entred a faire sound neere Cape Davies his London coast the people espying him with great wonder and gazing fled away in their Boates and after this night hee saw them no more yet they left there Dogs running to and fro upon the Iland At this place hee stayed two dayes taking in water and doing things needfull the Tydes not rising above eight or nine foote made him dislike of the passage it floweth ¼ past 9 upon the change day the Tyde commeth from the South At N. Sun hee set saile and plied to the Northward with flood Tyde Hee found a dead Whale about 26. Leagues from the shoare hee made fast to her and got some sinne out of her the next day he was enforced by storme to leave her having stood from her not above 3. Leagues N. W. hee came toIce then and tackt into the shoare againe and a great storme ensued This day he came faire by Hope Saunderson Captaine Davies his farthest betweene 72. d. and 73. that evening at N. Sunne hee came to Ice which hee put into plying all the next day to get through He was cleere off the Ice and not farre fromshoare the wind North East hee put in amongst divers Ilands the people seeing him fled away leaving behind and under a small Rock hidden two young Maids or women the Ship riding not farre off the Master with some others went on Land they making signes to bee carried to the Iland where their Tents were there adjoyning When they came there they found two old women more the one to estimation 80. yeares the other younger there was also one woman with a child at her back who had hid her selfe amongst the Rocks untill the other had told her how kindly they had used them in giving them peeces of Iron and other trifles in change whereof they gave them Seale skins other things they had none save dead Seales and fat and blubber which the poore women were very diligent to carry to the Boate and put into their Casks making shew that the men were over at the Maine and at another small Iland something more Eastward then they made signes to them that hee should shew them his shippe and set them where the men were the foure youngest came into their Boat and when they were in the Shippe they much wondred and they gave them of his meate which they taâ—ing would not eate two of them hee set to the Iland where they found the men to be the other two he set to their Tents againe those thâ—â— went to seeke the men could not find them but came backe to the Ship againe and were set over to the other side This place they called Womens Iland it lyeth in 72. degrees 45. minutes the Flood commeth from the S. ward at deepe Tydes the water 〈…〉 not above 6. or 7. foote S. S. E. Mâ—one 〈…〉 full â—â—â— the â—nhabitants being very poore living châ—eâ—ely upon Seales flesh dried which they eate raw and cloâ—â—â— themselâ—es with the skinnes as also they doe cover their Tents and Boates therewith which they can dresse very well the women differ from the men in apparell and are marked in the face with divers black streakâ—s or lines the skinne having beene raised with some sharpe Instrument when they were young and black colour put therein so growne in that by no meanes it can be got forth Concerning their Religion he saith little onely they have a kind of worship or adoration to the Sunne to which they will point striking their hand upon their breasts and crying Elyoute there dead they bury on the sides of the hills where they he making a pile of stones over them yet not so thick but that he could see the dead body the aire being so piereing that it keepeth them from stincking savour so likewise hee hath seene there doggs buried in the same manner This day hee set saile from thence with faire weather the wind contrary yet hee plyed it up betweene the Ice and shoare as it hath beene in a channell of 7. or 8. Leagues broade on the 9 〈…〉 was in 74. â— â— much pestered with Ice neere â— small Ilands lying 8. Myles from shoare where hee anchored Those Ilands hee taketh to bee frequented by people at the latter end of the yeare as it seemed by the houses and places where their Tents had stood but as yet they were not come the flood Tyde was very small not rising above 5. or 6. foote yet the ebbe runneth with indifferent stream caused by the melting snow from off the mountaines Seeing that as yet hee could not proceed hee determined to stand in for the shore there to abide untill the â—ee were more consumed which he plainely saâ—â— to wast very fast hee came to anchor 73. 45. m. here hee continued 3. dayes without any shew or signe of people This day there came 42. of the Inhabitants in their Canoes they gave him Seale skinns and many peeces of the horne of Vnicorne and shewed him divers peeces of Ice Mors teeth making signes that to the N. ward were many of them hee gave them in exchange thereof peeces of Iron glasses and Beads 4. severall times they repayed to him bringing alwayes of those commoditie aforesaid by reason whereof he called this place Horne Sound Here hee staid 6. dayes and on this day at night sets sayle with
the same Setting forth and beginning my accompts from the W. most place of Orkney I made 2 observations for the variation of the compasse evenin Amplit the one was 8 d. the other 4 d. but I do give no certain credit therunto yet I do rather trust to that of 8 d. at which instant I did account I was 24 deg or thereabout Eastward of the great Meridian and neere the parralell of 60 deg continuing the course W. ward as wind would serve untill I came into the Latit of 58 deg 12 min. I was then 12 deg or thereabouts from the place of my departure and traversing with contrary windes betwixt the latit of 59 deg 12 min. and 60 deg 20 min. at 18 d. ½ distance from my setting forth I continued the course still Westward with so small difference betwixt my observation and protraction or traverse as I thought I might as well trust to the one as the other Continuing this course in the latit of 60 deg 19 m. W. from the first Meridian 6 deg I found by my observation that I was to S. ward 5 m of my protracted course and though then I did perceive that the Compasse was varied Westward yet how much for want of Amplitude or celestiall observation could not be knowne Now the wind comming freely on and taking Mr. Hals account That Cape Farewell in Groyneland which land first I did desire to fall with though I did not much regard lyeth 18 d. W. from the great or first Meridian as also Mr. Brigges is neare the same and in latit about 59 deg I directed the course W. and W. and by S. thinking thereby to fall in fight of the said Cape And although there is no certainty of agreement amongst some of my predecessours concerning the variation there some writing 11 d. others 14 d. confusedly yet I did hope that course would have brought mee at least to sight thereof report making it to be high and Mountainous land not withstanding Variation or current especially having so franke a gale of wind and but 12 d. of a small circle neere the 60 paralell the distance being but 120 leag at most and in that distance holding the same course I had 2 deg 14 min. to wracke upon and within one point at most of my paralell and neerer with a stiâ—â—e gale wet and hazie I durst not hale for engaging my selfe with an unknowne Cape which hath both Ilands and Ice lying there off where I might have beene endangered at the least incumbred Now when I had sailed 100 leag from the said latit I met with Ice and as before in Moneths June such weather I would not deale with land but stood away 30 leag more to the Westward Hauing an observation in 58 d. 10 min. and by my protract Da 14 or dead reckoning I was in latit 59 d. 27 min. contrary to expectation the same afternoone the variation taken by Azimuth and Almicanter was 8 d. 50 m. but being set more to S. ward then this allowance I did call to minde the current which Sir Martin Frobrisher found upon the coast of Greenland in the lat about 62. setting from N E. to S W. as the land doth there lye where they doe affirme that the flood tyde did run 9 houres and the ebbe but 3. I know no other cause for this but the large distance betwixt Nova Zembla on the E. and Groenland in which the Ocean may take opportunity to use his naturall agitation from E to W. being thereunto drawne by the restlesse motion and impulsion of the Heavens and here butting upon Groenland must of necessity the land lying somewhat neere his naturall inclination trend along there setting his current to the S W. or else as in a huge Bay make a Repercussive motion as in the Bay of Mexico by entring in at the S. side and wheeling about by the bottome must revert back againe along the North side by Cape Florida Now this 9 houres of the floud-tyde running may be by this restraint of the Seas naturall course in meeting with the land must needs enforce all the Sounds Bayes Rivers and through-lets with quantities of waters and in through-lets especially setting Westward and wanting Limitation shall continue his naturall course the longer being assisted by that motion untill the ebbe being strengthened by the height of waters or of course from the W. Sea shall returne againe according to his proper retraction And thus much further I am of opinion if Sir Martin Frobrisher had pursued his course West ward in his Straite he being 60. leag up the same he had doubtlesse sailed into Fretum Davis for he entred upon the East side and after him Davis on the W. have almost met nor will I be perswaded but that if there were a Dorgio as is mentioned by the Zeni that that 〈…〉 of land on the S. betwixt Frobrishers strait and Cape Farewell is the 〈…〉 But to come to my selfe and to end this digression although I hope what I have here incerted will not be held any way Moneths June impertinent Cape Farewell I holde for certaine doth attract the Magnet more suddainly comming from the East ward towards it then any any knowne Cape in the world as did appeare in all this Voyadge I did here reckon of 24 deg variation but sailed all by Meridian compasse and have wrote this Iournall there after therefore the allowance is to be accounted as the places doe differ in variation This snowie morning I stoode in againe at clocke 7. I sell Da 21 about 2 leagues more to the West off the same I le I first discovered yesterday the Bay lay still full of Ice this W N. West wind bloweth hard by puffes standing from hence South-W 2 leagues over Lumleys Inlet wee had great store of masht Ice and was faine to beare up for one and loose for another but the Sea was smooth after this for 2 leagues sailing it was cleare at night 10. wee see land and made it upon assurance to be Cape Warwick and this cleere was in the Lee thereof for standing still the same course over wee found more Ice in the South channell and more comming out of Fretum Hudson then I had before the wind blew here bleate and unquoth This day we had boarded it up in smooth water bearing a Da 22 good saile betweene Cape Chidlie and Cape Warwicke and were entred Fretum Hudson and now I desire a little of your patience The Iland Resolution so named by whom I know not but sure I am Davis was the first of us that see it naming the East end thereof Cape Warwicke and it seemeth for good reason for that honourable house hath and unto this day doth still cherrish those worthy Marine enterprises as doth appeare by Frobrishers 3 Voyages to their no small charge as also those two Honourable houses of Darcie now Lord Rivers by whom Davis named certaine Ilands
as followeth may better satisfie then the historie it selfe can jâ—lusâ—erate The Example ADmit a ship to be nere the shore to the N. W. of the point of Portland in Dorset-shiere with easie S. S. W. gale standing W. close hal'd the Flood-tide being comming in from about the Berry into the Bay of Lyme falling S. E. into the Race shall take the said ship vpon the Lee-bowe and in despight carrie her into the Race at the S. point of Portland it setting E. where then shee shall stemme the same whose greater force she not being able to ouer-haile shall tacke her about the said Point and then setting E. N. E. and N. E. vpon her wether bow shall carry her into the grasse now with same wind same tide and same winding shee shall bringe the same land W. S. W. or S. W. vpon her this same happened to me at this new head-land which being in the night did not a little stumble mee to find out vntill my remembrance questioned with my experience to find the cause which otherwise we must haue thought that wee raised a new land for which similie as other jnducements to the furtherance of this enterance I haue named the same fore-land my Lord Westons Portland Heere followeth the Demonstration The tydes do abate to morrow being quarter day the last Moneths September night was some lightning This day wee see the Sun but to no use I drive along the coast with an easie breath from N. some snow fell Standing along this coast betwixt the Queenes Cape and Da 22 L. Westens Portland I named another headland Cape Dorchester remembring Captaine Davis writeing of Secretarie Walsingham who saith that at his death this Voyage was left freindlesse though I am sure this Noble Successour revived it againe with his best furtherance and my incouragement I came to this Cape at 6 this morning I had along the land 20 fathomes there are store of Sea Mors in this Sea the land doth lye full of Snow it freezeth the very Ship side and steepe tubbes the Capes as L. Westens Portland and Cape Dorchester are distant about 20 leagues the land stretching to the S E. to the North of L. Westens Portland I named Foxe his farthest the deep Bay or Inlet to the S. betwixt the same and Cape Dorchester I named the North side Poynt Barte that on the South browe Carleton This Meridian I was in 65 d. 30 min. Cape Dorchester bore S E. by E. 4 leagues I have come backe againe from L. Westens Portland 26 leag S E by S. which is about 1 deg 5 min. and I was to the W. of it 12 min. added maketh 1 deg 17 min. to 65 deg 30 min. maketh 66 d. 47 min my furthest N. this day the wind was all over at clocke 4. it came to the North and having stopt the flood tyde going 2 knots ½ I wayed and came along S S W. and S W. by S. as the land did cost and fell into 40. 60. 78 fathomes and then it being night I did recount I was past the overfals to S the Queenes Forland then I directed the course to be S. This morning Aurora blusht as though shee had ushered Da 23 her Master from some unchast lodging and the ayre so silent as though all those handmaides had promised secrecy the Eastermost of Mill I le bore S E. by E. the North Mayne from the Kings Promontory stretching E. away Prince Charles his Forland so named by Bilot bearing E N E. and at the East-â—ide of the said Forland goeth in a very fayre sound I named â—t the Prince his Cradle an Iland on the West I named his Nurses of this Cape 1 league I had 120 fathomes the Prince his Forland doth lye 5 leagues S E. from the Kings Promontory yesterday the Carpenter laid downe haveing not Moneths September beene well for diverse dayes before it was little wind with great store of Henbans and Pettidancers a common incident to these parts in cleare nights This fayre day wee came along the North Mayne E S E Da 24 with N W. wind 10 leag distant from the Princes Cape E South-East lyeth a fayre Cape I named Cape Dorcet and 3 leagues to the East of that is another I named Cape Cooke in due respect to Sir Iohn Cooke Secretary of State with a deepe Bay betwixt them as it were halfe incircleing an Iland remote from the Mayne I named it Ile Nicholas the former names given as Cape Linsey Cape Portland Cape Dorcet Cape Dorchester Cape Cooke I gave in duetifull remembrance of those Lords Commissioners for the Admiraltie whose furtherance and countenances in my dispatch for his Maiesties Pinâ—ace the Charles I had towards the accomplishment of this designe I le Nicholas I named it in remembrance of Master Edward Nicholus Secretary to the said Lords whom I have often troubled I named those Capes as the occasion in my discoverie offered it selfe The land to the East from Ile Nicholas along the North Mayne lyeth in sight North East by East and the same Mayne from Cape Dorcet by Cape Cooke lyeth East by North about the former distance at the end thereof there is no land to be seene to the N. I directed the course from Ile Nicholas E S E. This evening clocke 8 I was distant as before from the I le 8 leagues and Salisbury was from mee West by South one halfe Southerly 12 leagues I lancht away from hence true Course as all is set downe East South East This noone I had steered this course 4 watches 25 leag Da 25 to bring mee betweene the Salvage Iles and Prince Charles his Cape upon the South Mayne at this time the body of the â—ortheâ—most I le bore from mee N N E. one halfe N about 6 leagues the night was close but faire weather this night and last day wee came by many small Ilands of Ice all the small chattered which this strait laid so full of being desolved and gone for we see none since we came from Sea Horse Poynt this day was some Snowe God continue Moneths September this W N. W wind for wee have many that already have made a Scurvie Voyage of it the Mr. is up againe running as before 5 leagues at clocke 4 Cape Charles bore S W. by S 1 â— S. about 12 leagues off These Ilands called Salvage Iles lye N. W. from one greater Iland I cannot say it to be the North Mayne because it doth bend to the Northwards both from the W. and E and therefore the W. end I take to be that named the Queenes Cape at the E. end doe lye 2 Ilands the one bigger the other lesse I named the one Sackfield the other Crowe after Sir Sackfield Crowe late Treasurer to his Majesties Navie from the W. to the E. of this land or Iland is many showes of Sounds or Bayes ragged and high the land being barren to sight From the last noone to this I made
the South-East flood Tyde did slacke the same when it came but how it did flow and what water I cannot report for want of my journall it being now out off my hands but I did finde the same flood-tide to answere the report of Master Byâ—oâ—s journall writ by Baffin and I found some quantity of ice betweene Cape Pembroke and Sharkes Point undesolved at that time being the foureteenth of September Having made those observations I stood over with North-winds for Mill Iâ—land mentioned in my instâ—uctions but for no intent to coast the East-side for I had with that wind much adoe to fetch the same with bording and turning under the South side of it two Tides before I got into a Throughlet at the West end thereof whereinto I put and there found it to flow at least foure fathomes The Tide running halfe Tyde and comming from South-East as well upon the North and Southside as upon the South of Nottingham at my departure from thence whereupon I plied up with North-West windes every Tyde being forced to stoppe the Ebbe nor could I recover the West side with those winds untill I attained the Cape I have called Lord Westoâ—s Portland in the latitude about 66 d. 47 m. where I found the Tyde of flood to come still along as the coast did lie which was to coast from Northwest to North to north-Northeast and to East and to Southeast the deepest water not above 30 fathomes as I remember five leagues from land the Sea slight and smooth with these winds so as it is easie to conjecture thereof either ice or land was not farre off for wee found good store of undesolved ice at Sharke Poynt whereupon I stood 10 leagues from â—ence as I supposed for the Westside which I could not attaine and if I had continued this course for the West side with this winde I must have stopt the Ebbes and Baffin writing of 130 fathomes deepe there the just length of my small cable-shoat I must have bid the ship to have stoopt for the rest and to have done the same by my biggest I had not strength enough to have wayed the same from ground againe likewise I had no reason to follow the East finding it to Trent away South East from that Headland which for resemblance and â—â—mile to this of ours I named L. Westons Portland from whence I doe perswade my selfe the Ebbe doth take his halfe course through those Ilands of Cumberlands into â—retum ` Davis the â—lood cannot bee great which conjecture may say should come through that straight and meet ours at Portland being hindred by these foresaid Iles where Davis saith hee met a strange Tyde from the South-West may be the cause which by that straightnesse may retort the â—loods way But to the purpose the winds were North-west nor could I stay the change thereof for the most of my best men as Master Gunner Carpenter Boatswaine his Mate and one or two of the common men were downe the rest complaining of cold paines and no marvell they having beene over-toyled in the bottome of Sir Thomas Buttons Bay and that undiscovered betwixt him and Hudson with watching and warding day and night manning both Shippe Boate and Pinnace both in Anchoring and Sayling but especially at Leade when in all the time of my Sayling the said Bay there was never one from keeping the same The weather had beene for about 3 weekes before nothing but Snow Frost and sleet at best our selves ropes and sayles froaze the Sunne seldome to be seene or once in five dayes the nights 13 houres long the Moone wayning and in conclusion I was enforced either to seeke for Harbour or freeze to death in the Sea Whereupon I sent Master Vrine to aske the Masters opinion who brought unto me that he thought the Tydes setting from S. E. almost round about to E. would give good satisfaction for this N. W. search begun by a wrong report of the Tydes comming from thence to the Adventurers and that hee helde it fittest to returne Yea and the best also as I thought and homewards and for good cause as hereafter followeth First I referre it to the judgment of indifferent men whether having proceeded in these Discoveries further then any other my Predecessors in lesse time and at lesse charge have closed up all the expected hopes upon the W. side of Buttons Bay from 64½ circularly to 55 and on the Point from Swans Nest to Sharke Point not perfectly discovered but now by mee and carried a Tyde comming from South-East through Fretum Hudson all along that East side to 66 degrees 30 minutes or thereabouts things not knowne heretofore that I should hazzard the losse thereof to my Countrey If I should have perished in seeking an unknowen Harbour in long nights and cold weather with so many men sicke who could not have recovered in the wintering howsoever their helpes would have beene wanting in lying or Barracadoing the ship from ice for wheresoever I had wintered I must have hâ—led the ship high on shore and Barracadoe as also in making my provisions of fresh victuals and fuell The necessitie of this Sir Thomas Button is able to approve to his deare bought experiment Well if I had wintered it must have beene with intent to make search to the North of Sir Tho. Roes Welcome for in all the hopefull places else I was denyed and there and not far froÌ„ thence as about Vtultra it is for to give a wise GentlemaÌ„ his right who perusing Sir Tho. Buttons journall about that place quoteth in the Margent these words I doe not find it is proved a Bay this was suspected by him before I came to that knowledge thereof which I have now but to proceed how should I be able to doe this service when the winter would have consumed all the best of my comfortable stores as strong Beere strong waters sacke spice fruite Rice Wheat meale and of my Chirurgery and if no releife had beene otherwise got from land to have lengthened the most of the provision as Beefe Beere and Fish Yet had I had no more then would have brought home the Ship if my men had stood and if by their death or reliefe of birds or Deere I had store remaining yet I doubt the remayning stomacks would have beene too weake before the long winter there had left them to have endured salt meate in the Summer so as the more victuall the fewer hands for labour and there would be no sparing as I conceived by short allowance All these and many other sufferings endured is but all for the next yeares Search about which I have shewed I had no reason to stay to put so much to hazzard knowing what I had inquired from some both of Sir Thomas Button and Mr. Hudsons men of their sufferings and yet it was July before they could get well to sea to returne home And it doth appeare by Sir Thomas Buttons owne words that he would have proceeded the next
our honour before we obtaine it for it may credibly be affirmed that this Virgin is yet pure and untoucht either by Christian Indian or other nation although many great dowries have beene spent about her and some brave Knights have bid faire for her yet it is not to be doubted but that the English have imbracâ—â— her about the middle Onely these make for our purpose that the â—hinois extend their coast to the N. E into 50 d. and know no other but that they may continue it further The other is Paulus Venetâ—â— who sailed along the coast of Mangia from Cataia towards the N E. 1500 miles this doth argue that we have not straits or passage to saâ—le from so far W. as we have bin to the end of our Discovery into Mare del Zur Resting my weary invention upon the staffe of this opinion for a while to bee better satisfied concerning this Current which the most Authors insist so strongly vpon as makes me doubt if I were to follow thereby to find the end of this Dedâ—lâ—s his Laborinth I should very hardly have any hopes of returning againe the same way because they urge so vehemently upon this naturall motion of the Orbes so as in Magellans Strait men are violently driven backe inferring thereby that all things included shall by consequence follow the same so that I should fight against the streame to Returne the same way But while I am thus pondering out this doubt its prompt into my minde that if all things included must follow then should also the Earth walke in the same Revolution with his neighbour the Sea as also my selfe and yet keepe at the same distance so as I am never the nearer nor further for my purpose by those Circular motions But now my Iudgement wishes me to stay nearer home and let these wandering travels of the thoughts past for that my owne experience is better able to satisfie me then all those Elimentary cogitations and thus in few words as thou didst cary a flood tide along with thee through Fretum Hudson to Swans-Nest from the E. out of the Hyperborian so hast thou found another on the W. side thereof comming from the W. out of the Mare del zur which shall bring the home againe with the like expedition whreby thou wert carryed forth The Probability WEe have observed in the former Iurnals of Sir Martin Frâ—brisher Davis Waymouth Hall Knight and Mr. â—udson that the current doth set from the E. side of Groneland over to the S W and W and that nere the coast it sets W. in wherein we have floated all this time and thereby are brought to harbour in Resolution where it flowes 5 fathomes right up and downe and if the account brought unto me by my men may be beleeved that the flowing doth farre surmount this and that a E S E Moone maketh full Sea it doth also appeare bâ— Mr. Bylot that farther within the straits as at Salvage I le a S E. Moone brings high water and that it flowed â—quall water with Resolution as also at the Iles of Gods Mercy by Mr. Hâ—dson it â—lowed above 4 fath they being almost in the halfe way the distances being nere 85 leag the course W. N. W. 31 deg and differing in Latit nere about 1 d. from Salvages to Mill Ile is 59 leag W. by N. where it â—loweth nere 4 fath and a S S E. Moone and in all those three channels in which I have beene viz. betwixt Sir Dudly Digs his Ile and Notiâ—ghams Ile betwixt that and Mill I le as also betwixt Mill Ile and the Kings Promontory in all these 3 I say for I have had sure triall and so had no man before mee that the tide of the flood doth come from the S E. running halfe tide and with as swift a current as goeth in the River of Thames from Mill I le to the S. side of Sea Horse Poynt they being distant 25 leag I found the tyde to flow as nere as I could take it by the lead line 20 foote and a S. by E. Moone full Sea the tide of ebbe there holding his course doth but onely slacke for the time of floud about 4 howres which strong tide in the two N. most channels betwixt Nottingham and the Kings Promoâ—tory by all likelyhood doth contiâ—ue his pasiage betweene Cape Comfort on the West and my Lord Westons Portland on the East returning their waters into Frâ—tum Dâ—â—is by the Iles of Cumberland For the tyde that commeth on the South Channell between Cape Wâ—lstenholme and Salisbury I le are consumed in strength and flowing setting into Hudsons Bay betweene Swans nest Sir Robert Mansils Ile and Sir Dudley Digges the most part of the latter flood falling into Hudsons bay From Sea-horse Point on the West to Caries Swans-nest the distance is about 58 leagues there it doth flow but 6. foote in height and but 4. houres in time for Hudsons Bay hath devoured the latter flood so as heere wanteth both tyde and time to wit from neere 5. fathomes to 4. to neere 4. to 20. foot but now to 6. foot yet this flowing is continued according to the Moones course to wit from E S E. to S E. to S S E. to S by E. to S by W. Which is an evident and assured token that this Tyde was fed and continued from the Easterne Ocean comming in betwixt Cape Farwell in Groynlaâ—d and the North maâ—â—e of America but now ended heere into this great Bay and â—bly â—etuâ—ned baâ—ke againe at the recourse of the tyde For in Mr. Hudâ—â—â—â— Voyage the tyde of flood the ship setting on ground upon a Rocke was found to come from the E. the â—â—be from the W which was no other then the Tyde and thâ—t came in and set forth betwixt Cape Wolstenholme and Cape Digges It is now probable that this Tyde of the S. Channell comming from the East is not an end and that Tyde on the North is turned away as I have found by experience at Carie Swannes Nest Standing from hence 7â— leagues into the latitude of 64 10 m. which is to the North of that high land called Hopes Advanâ—'d I found a Tyde setting from the North as the land did their coast which Tyde did flood above 20 foote water in the dead neepe as it was at my being there and that it did runne halfe tide being full Sea about clocke 11. So as about a W. S. W. Moon maketh full Sea I was commanded by the letter of my instruction to make a perfect Discovery either by Ship or Boat of all that undiscovered betwixt this latitude and Port Nelson and also that betwixt Port Nelson and Hudsons West Bay in which discovery I now came to finde that I was out of my way for sayling from this land where I found this new Tyde which land I have named Sir Thâ— Rowes Welcome it being on the Northmost known part
upon the West side of Bâ—â—â—ons Bay whereas there it flowed so much water as before and a W. S. W. Moone now coasting along this West side upon a S. W. by S. true course as the land did lie about 18 leagues to an Iland I named Brâ—â—ke Cobham there the best observation that I could make I found that it flowed a West by South Moone and but 10 foot the neepe Tyde but indeed I doe distrust this account as in my journall doth appeare Coasting from hence to Port Nelson 130 leagues I found it there to flow a N. W. Moone and in the neepe Tide but 9 foot water and the best Spring Tyde assisted by the wind brought in but 14 foot water and after from thence towards Hudsons West Bay it flowed lesse water vetâ—unne with course for the time of full Sea went with Sunâ—e so as it was easie to conjecture that I went from the Tyde which is especially to be incerted to make this Treatise to be better understood and how this tide doth waste it selfe Now it cannot be denyed but that this Tyde that is moved according to the course of Tydes with his constant ebbing and â—lowing so great a distance as about the West side of this Bay câ—â—cuting neere betwixt Hudsons Bay and Sir Thomas Roes Wâ—lcome the distance of it neere 253 leagues having many rubbes and checkes by the way amongst the ilands and shoals should be able to repaire and recall againe this huge quantity of waters every 12 houres if it were not fed and â—upplyed from some great and waste Ocean nor if there prove to be a passage as is most likely as hereafter shall follow it cannot be conceived but that it must be so spatious as cannot be visable betweene land and land and why may it not be that there is no straight but that the Sea lies open to the North as at C. Finmarke after that the land doth trent Westward as may be suspected by the want of ice that the land being farre remote to the North or West the South doth keepe it selfe from frigitating by its continuall chaâ—ing and adjectating as we see by the iles of farre shotland and Orkney standing in and neere the same parallel with our frozen Fretum Hudson where no Snow will lie for any time in Winter the cause may be by the Seas moving about them their circuits being so small as the Seas breathing through the Tydes and winds contiuuall chafing about them doth evaporate some part of his warmenesse into the Ayre whereby the frost is restrained from the exercise of his power for the Sea hath a kinde of temporature betwixt too hot and too colde in the hot and cold Zones it is much to bee hoped by this want of ice that as at the North Cape of â—inmarke although I doe assure mee that this passage lyeth South-wards off that parallell and about the Articke Circle that this Continent of the Septentrionall part of America may incline to the West Southward about this latitude as that of Europes doth to the East for by this flowing of water in 60 d. 10 m. neere 4 fathomes as at Resolution in the East it cannot be farre to the winding of the land Westwards The next is to inquire from whence this Tyde should come for that is the way to the passage for it cannot be said to come from the East through Fretum Hudson for there need no more to disprove that then what went before when that Tyde did end at Carie Swans Nest in flowing but 6 foote and 4 houres as it doth at the height of all Rivers being farre from the Sea Should it come from the North then it should as well Current that land on the East side of this Bay to Carie Swans Nest along that small distance of 40 leagues if such a thing be at all or no as upon the West side For 250 leagues of now knowne discovery setting from the North it should divide equall waters betwixt them which is found to the contrary and if such land doth lie 40 leagues along from Swannes Nest Westward then is there not aboue 30 more for the brenth of the passage froÌ„ through whence this ride doth come which I should thinke were to narrow to let in and out so much water in the time mentioned to bring any flood on this side now in handling for at Swannes Nest the flood set West and the Ebbe East and if this Tyde going West were met with more water from thence it must flow extraordinarily high at the Nest as in great Rivers in time of land-waters the Sea flood meeting puts up the waters to such heights as doth inforce all their bounds and rejected the Tydes course which I found to be constant for that I was there two floods one ebbe and a halfe How can it now be imagined but that the Tâ—de doth come from the West and so coasteth along the same side as wee may observe upon all Tydes from what sea soever they come looke upon what side they enter they Current the same and so doth this for that called Vtultra never proved Bay yet and who hath named the same might as well be deceived here as at other places by fogs bankes for if this part be protracted I cannot see that there is any discovery made at all on both sides betweene Hubarts vaine hope and Swanneâ— Nest worth the noting Therefore it must be confest that this Tyde doth come from the West so inclining to that shore and that it is a Tide hath been proved for I doe not thinke that there 's any that will pretend inundating impulsing or ingulfing and that it doth proceed from some great Ocean is without all contradiction for comming to this West side I found great store of fish playing at the crust of the water and of great fish which is a maine argument for there was Whales Sea-mors and Seales of which there are infinite which fish doe not hive in Winter but in deepe Oceans and that those Whales must come from the West is certaine for all the way from Cape Farewell in all that distance of neere 500 leagues we did not see one untill I came there which if there had beene any lying so long becalmed and amongst the ice having light nights we should have seene them for they are fish that affect to play and breath above the water The maine land was high within Sir Thomas Roes Welcome as in all the straights besides with deepe water to shore whereas discovering Southwards it fell to bee low land with shallow shore at 11 fathoms wee could but see it upon the hatches This is much contrary to the Oceans who are bounded with high mountainous climes steepe Promontories ragged Rockes and inamoled Ilands subsisting upon insearchable deepes salt and greene-coloured waters wherein live the great sishes Now let us compare this Tyde with some others neerer our owne home with which we are the most familiar as
opposite the reason is that the land to the N N W. is the furthest remote all open towards the Pole where these windes Eastwards off N. doe blow but from Greeneland and the N. Cape at furthest whose greatest distance being not above 370 leagues must want space to raise his swelling motion but contrary at the entrance into our Channell from W. you shall have a coÌ„tinuall set into Sleeve which showes the distances of land to be far to the W. and S. wards and the like must be granted to this set of Francis Gauls and also by that current that set la Tore to Tidore it must come out of a wide Sea from the N E. And for knowing when thou art through be assured thou shalt have as great a Sea from the del Zur as from the W. into our Sleeve and the strength of tide along the coast will leave thee then thou shalt not feare to direct thy course to Tartaria Cataia or Jaâ—on It may also be said that the Articke Circle is farre N. and that it will be frost Icy and cold and that there is but two moneths in the yeare to make this triall for in the rest it will not be nauigable I answere that the Articke circle is not so farre N. as the Cape of Finmarke neere in 73 d. where there is few or no Ice at any time and thereby it is Navigable at all times but that there is no trading in winter besides the Sunne having great declination South it is all night But what is this to the Sea that is cleare of Ice the like may this be for any yet knowne for after I went from Swannes Nest I see no yce to the N. nor doe I thinke there was any to the West for the winde blowing from the ayre was as warme as in England in the latter end of August and the land had no snow thereon although it be very high land and surely is inhabited for else how could there have beene so many corps inwalled at Sir Thomas Roes Welcome yet passing from hence S. ward into the bay it was colder and yet warme enough And for those Ice which are ingendred in this shallow sandy Bay is but as in other places in Europe nere the same Latit for those that have gone timely into the Balticke Sea hath found yce comming out of the Sound and it is no marvaile to see the same froze over which in those parts is as usuall as to have a noose to have the shipping froze all the whole winter therein and for waggons to goe in winter where Ships â—aile in Sommer for many miles for it is well knowne that those Sandy Easterne low countreys as Sprutia Denmarke Frisland and the Neather lands are in winter subiected to violent frost then why should not wee allow this low sandy countrey and Bay the like being about the same parallell and a Bay as the Balticke is also from thence which Latit where it freezeth so hard is from 52 to 57d but elevate the Pole to 73 d. there at that time of winter in the same continent there is no yce but that you may saile Sea free into the coast of Russia why shuld then this our Westerne passage be denyed of as good an opinion but that it may be Sea free as well as theirs to saile into the Mare del Zur to Cathaia being doubtlesse to the Southward of that parallell these a places of Europe and America thus answering one another both in quality and clime Goe to Iseland as the Fishers doe now in March the North part lying in the Articke circle and yet those Fishermen are not so troubled with Ice but that they can saile about it and for the yce they finde there they conceive to be ingendred in the Bayes Rivers and Inlets of Groneland and not about the Iland nor in the Sea It now appeares as I said before that this country doth but comply with those countries Eastward and the like may be expected by them that is found by the other nor can this channell be narrow that in 6 poynts of the compasse being but 4 howres ½ of time to wit from Sir Thomas Roes Iland to Port Nelson doth send a flood and ebbe it backe againe along the coast for 150 leag knowne in so short time and this to accord with the Moone To remonstrate this by example Admit I were sent out of Russia to discover a land that I have heard lyeth farre S W. which supose to be Atlantis or America now it must be thought that I know of noland to the W. of Europes continent and therefore when I am come about the C. of Finmarke I direct my course to the S. and W. wards as soone as the land will give me leave For I doe know that it doth trent so and that the coast of Norway is bonded with an Ocean now bending towards to the W. of S. not knowing of great Brittaine I direct my I course gainest as I conceive imagining that at shall meet with no land to the W. of Europe but thinking thus to proceede I finde the land to meet mee to the W. as I thought to have sailed to wit the coast of great Brittaine and there I finde a tide going along the land to the S. ward I follow this coast hopeing it may cast about to the W. and as I proceede so doth this tide keeping the height of his water still so by this ebbing and flowing course and Latit I doe assure it to my selfe that it cannot be any part of the maine continent of Europe nor adioyning thereunto and thus persuing to the S. in long distance I finde that this tyde doth still continue his height of water so by that I speede on with more comfort at length I come betwixt a maine lands and doubting some alteration or imbayment I keep still the W. side for thereby I must obtaine my intent if at all but now when I come to make triall of my tyde I find it hath left mee which to fore convayed me many leag along this unknowne coast and now my tide of flood commeth from the W ward and against me as I should â—ayle shall I not then assure my selfe that in pursuing against this tyde that it will bring me into a new Ocean by which I shall obtaine my desire which is the Atlanticke Sea yea and I shall find it so for as that tide which came along with me from the N. out of the Sea which I have failed from will direct me back againe into the same Sea so shall this new tide from the W. in following his ebbe bring me into his Ocean or the Atlantick which I desire Even so may this tide of mine in persuing his ebbe from the place where I found it first bring me into the Mare aâ—l Zur Againe a Comparison fained to be sailed into a Sea through our owne Kingdome from the East Sea to the West ADmit I come from Hambrough or
have imagined because they see the Sea by increase and decrease to ebbe and flow Sebastian Cabota himselfe calls those Lands Bacculaos because that in those Seas thereabout he found so great multitude of certaine bigge Fish much like vnto Tanis which the Inhabitants call Bacculaos and that they sometime stayed his ship He found the people also of these Regions covered with Beasts skins he saith also he saw great plenty of Copper and this is all of Note out of this Author Francis Lopez de Gomara out of his Generall Historie of the West-Indies HE which brought most certaine newes of the Countrey of Bacculaos saith Gomara was Sebastian Cabot a Venetian which rigged 2. ships at the Cost of Henry the 7. King of England having great desire to Traffique for the Spices as the Portugales did he carried with him 300. men and tooke the way towards Iseland from beyond the Cape of Labrador vntill he found himselfe in 58. Deg. and better he made relation that in the Moneth of July it was so cold and the Ice so great that he durst not passe any further the dayes were very long in manner without night he returned and refreshed at Bacculaos and after sailed along the Coast Southward vnto 38. Degrees and from thence he shaped his Course to returne into England An abstract of the Courses Distances Latitudes Longitudes Variations Depths and other Observations as also the severall proceedings Discoveries Accidents and remarkable things of the Captaines Masters Pilots and others formerly imployed for the search of the Northwest Passage to the East India The History of Sir Martin Frobrisheâ—s voyage 1567. WAs 15. yeares in noting and bringing up the Adventure before hee did attempt the same which was brought to passe by the helpe of the right honourable Ambrose Dudley Earle of Warwick the Expedition was prosecuted in two small Barques of 25. tonnes the piece viz. The Gabriel and the Michael and one Pinnace of 10. Tonnes He departed from Blackwall Iune 15. went by the North the 15. of Iuly he had sight of a ragged land he tooke to be Freezeland durst not approach the same for Ice and Fogge and thereabouts he lost the sight of his small Pinnace by storme which he thought the Sea had devoured wherein were onely foure Men. The Michael misliking the matter slipt back for England with report that the Captaine was lost at Sea The worthy Captaine notwithstanding he had sprung his Mainmast in the storme proceeded on W. Northwards and the 20. he had sight of a high land he named Queene Elizabeths Forlarnd and sailing more Northerly along the Coast descried another Forland with a Gut Bay or passage Westward He met great store of Ice along the Coast was crost with winds that he could not thwart those streights in few dayes he discernes the Ice to be well consumed either ingulfed therein by Indrafts or else set so Southwards by Currents He enters the 21. sayles Westwards 50. leagues with land on both sides imagines the one the maine Continent of Asia the other on larboard the firme land of America he named the Straight Frobrishers straight After he had sailed 60. leagues up he went on land found signes where fire had beene made and Deere so mankinde as he was faine to defend himselfe against them The people resort to him in their Canoes of Leather had like to have stolne his Boate from him before he was aware they came on Shipboard brought him Salmon Flesh and Fish they appeared to be nimble of their joynts and strong they fall to trade for Fish Seale coates of Seale skinnes and Beares skinnes for bels looking-glasses and other toyes they intercept his boate with 5. men nere till this day heard of The Captaine by the ringing of a bell intices one of the Salvages to him as though he would give it him he lets the bell fall into the Sea as the Salvage should have tooke it he takes him by the hand and pulls him with his boate into the Ship Whereupon in despight the Salvage bit his tongue in twaine yet he lived till he came into England and then dyed of cold he had taken at Sea with this prize he returnes for England arriveth in Harwich the 2. of October He commandeth his Company at their landing in the foresaid Countrey to bring away something with them of the first they could lay their hand upon in token of possession in the right of Queene Elizabeth Whereupon some brought Stone some flowers some grasse one brought a peece of stone much like to Sea coale in colour but by weight seemed to be Mettall or Mynerall but as yet not esteemed of but from the place from whence it came Of this bright Stone he gives a piece as of something brought from that farre Country to one of his Adventurers wives who throwing the same into the fyre to burne and after it was quenched with vineger it glistered with a bright Marquesset of Gold whereupon the matter being called into some question it was tryed by certaine Goldsmithes in London who upon essay made gave out that it held Gold and that very richly for the quantity and the said Goldsmithes promised great matters if any quantity thereof could be had which hopes produced a second Voyage This Voyage they gave names to Sounds Ilands Bayes Capes Streights c as Elizabeth Forland Cape Labradore Gabriels Iland Priors Sound Thomas Williams Iland Bourchers Iland Frobrishers Streights And describes the Country people to be like the Tartars With long blacke hayre broad Faces flat Noses tawnie coloured wearing Garments of Seales skinnes He arrived in Harwich the 2. of October Navigation of Christopher Hall Master with Frobrisher the first Voyage SEcretary Woollye was sent from her Maiestie to give charge to the Company of the ship to obey their Captaine and be diligent in all things he observes at Gravesend and found the. Latitude 51. deg 23. min. Variation 11. deg â— â— Inne 24. he had sight of Faires Ile The 25. he had sight of the Swinborne in Shotland the S. most Cape beares N. N. W. Fairely at the same time W. S. W. sailing from these bearings with Swinborne he had depth 60. 50. 40. Fathams Fairely bearing W. N. W. 6. leagues offryn he had depth 59. and 46. fatham and went into Tromius Sound in Shotland to stop a leake 14. Leagues West South-wards from Faire I le he had variation W. 11. deg 9. min. Iuly 11. He had sight of Friesland sharpe pinacled high-High-Land Land and covered with snow bearing W. N. W. the Captaine attempted to get on Land but could not for great store of Ice And had no ground at 120. Fatham sailing from thence 20. leag S. W. observing the Sunne in the Meridian 52. deg Iudges the variation W. 2. points and a halfe The 28. was foggie but at the breaking vp thereof he had sight of Land supposed Labrado found great store of Ice about the Land
but he had no ground at 100. Fath. a Cables length off shore And a great Current sets S. W. and N. E. 1. League â— â— in the houre The tide sets to the shore and thenone great peece of Ice breaking made a noyse as if the Cliffe had fallen into the Sea 10. The floud sets S. W. along the Land And it flowes so 11. Latitude here 63. â— â— This day they enter the Streights and set saile for Gabriels Iland then distant 10. Leagues 13. They enter within a Sound in a Sandy Bay the Land beares E. S. E. depth 8. Fatham a S. E. Moone full Sea they name this Sound Priors sound distant from Grabriels 10. leag 16. Calme and faire in 2. houres the Ice was froze about the Ship a quarter of an inch thicke The 19. the Captaine and he went on shore vpon an Iland with 8. men and from the top thereof they had sight of 7. Boates which came rowing from the East side to the Iland then they returned on shipboard and sent their Boate with 5. men to see which way they tooke and so with a white Cloth or waffe brought one of their Boates with their men in her along the shore rowing after the Boate vntill they see the ship and then they rowed on shore and he followed and gave every one of them a threed Point and brought one of them aboard where he did Eate and Drinke and then carried him ashore againe wherevpon the rest being 19. Persons came on boord but he could not vnderstand their Language they be like Tartars with long blacke haire broad faced flat nosed and tawny Coloured wearing Seale skinnes and so doe the women nothing differing but the women in the Face hath blue stroakes downe the Cheekes and about the eyes their Boates are made of Seale skinnes with a wooden keele within them much like vnto a Spanish shalop save onely they be flat bottomed and sharpe ended 20. They went on Land vpon the East side of the Iland with 4. men more in the Boate where they see their houses the people came to them calling and rowing one of them came into their Boate they carried him on board gave him a Bell a knife the Captaine commanded 5. men to set him on shore in an Iland not amongst their Company but they not regarding went to them who surprised their Boat and themselves never as yet heard of 21. The next day they shot off a Falken-gun and sounded a trumpet to heare from their men but were not answered this morning the Snow was on Foote thicke vpon the haâ—tches 22. They went to the place where their men were lost and had sight of 14. Boates and some came neare them but they could heare nothing of their men 26. Returnes homeward at 8. a clocke in the night was thwart of Gabriels Ile and had Cape Labradore as he supposed W. 10. Leagues off 1. Had sight of Friesland 8. leag off from this day to the 6. they run along Iseland 25. Sight of Orkney 1. Anchor at Yarmouth Sir Martin Frobrisher his 2. Voyage 1577. DEparted from Blackwall the 26. of May with 3. ships to wit the Aide of the Queenes burthen 180. Tonnes the Michaell and the Gabriell accompanied with 140. Gentlemen Soldiers and Saylers victualed for halfe a yeare He went by the North the 7. of June arrived at Orkney in the Iles of Scotland 8. He departs from thence sailes betwixt W. and N. W. vntill the 4. of July 26. dayes saile from thence they meete with much Drift-wood as they suppose from New found Land And driven over with the Current which they say sets from the W. to the East The 4. of Iuly they had sight of Friesland 10. or 12. leagues off and great store of Ice 30. or 40. Fatham aboue water they supposed on ground though they could scarce sound the bottome for depth The Generall attempteth to goe on Land but cannot they coast it 4. dayes sees no signe of habitation Yet by Birds which in Fogs had lost the land came to the Ships they suppose the Country to be more habitable within then outward shoare maketh shew or signification The 8. they depart from thence 16. He comes to the making of the Land named the yeare before by him the Queenes Forland being as they judge it an Iland lying neere the supposed continent of America Another Iland lying upon the Asian side called Halls Iland betwixt which two Ilands goeth in Frobrishers straights or the unknowne passage into the Sea of Sur. He doth suppose that the Ice of this Coast is carried by some contrary E. or W. tyde or current upon the Coast of Freezland causing that Country to be farre more intemperate than other countries farre more North. At their first entrance they found the Straight mured with Ice the Captaine with his Pinnace past twice through before he durst hazzard in the great Ships They goe on land the people seemed to be joyfull thereof they embrace and the Captaine laid hands on them but they escape through nimblenesse and defends themselves with their bowes and Arrowes he tooke one all the rest escaped They put their Ships into the Straights all full of Ice they made 14. bourds in one watch to refraine the Ice the lightnesse of the night did them much comfort and helpe for sight and this hazard they made for safegard of their Captaine and Master who were on land 17. Being the day following the Capt. came on board with report of great riches hid in the bowels of that Continent Within 3. or 4. dayes after they had been in the Streights the W. and N. W. winds dispierst the Ice The 19. they enter without impediment The 20. they found a good harbour and names it Iackmans Sound anchoring the Ships there The Generall marches up into the land takes possession in the Queenes name and imployes his men about the businesse they came thither for Whilest they continued in this harbour they kept watch continually with boates and roapes ready to hale and towe away the Ice which otherwise might have driven thwart the Ships with Ebbe and flood The Generall findes not commodity answerable to his Expectation in the supposed America leaves the Ships coasts on to the supposed Asia the stones on land and Sand in Sea sparkle like Gold on both sides if all be Gold that glysters upon the West shore they found a dead Fish floating it proved by the horne to be a Sea Vnicorne the Spiders put therein dyed The Generall in further search findes Gold oare as he supposed with a good harbour and returnes to the Ships by the way he espies a Tent covered with Seale skins the people was fled he leaves glasses bels and knives therein onely tooke one Dog and nothing else leaves a letter with pen inke and paper for his men to write which was tooke from him the last
are simple in all their conversation but very theevish in stealing of Iron of which they make great account They in the end began to shew their Nature in cutting of Cables their Boate from their sternâ— and their Cloathes where they laid to aire They also stole their Oares a Calliver a Boare speare a sword wherevpon they brake the Peace by shooting off a Musket and a Faulcon at which noise they all departed with great feare They returned againe within 10. houres to intreat peace which was immediately granted they brought Seale skinnes and Salmon-peale but seeing Iron they could not forbeare to steale they eate their meate raw drinke salt water and eate grasse and yee with delight Their weapons are for the most darts but some have Bowes and Arrowes and Slinges with their Nettes made of whale-fynne with which they doe artificially catch fish with They have warre with some other Nation or Inland people for many of them are wounded He had amongst them Copper Ore blacke Copper and red Copper thinking to search the habitation of this Country in his Piâ—â—ace he entred a large River and went on Land to discover but the high Mountaines hindred his prospect He gathers Muscles for his supper and tooke harbour for that night vnder the Rockes where he see a mighty whiâ—le wind taking vp the water in great 〈…〉 for the â—pace of 〈…〉 houres without any intermission To conclude he found this not to be firme Land but mighty Rivers and Sounds and Throughlets betweene vast and desert Ilands with passage betweene Sea and Sea he returnes to his ship In his absence the people had stolne an Anchor and with sliâ—gs had thrown stones into the ship of half a pound weight he seemed to the Inhabitants to take no notice of the injurie done him hee tills them on land gives them bracelets and other toyes and intices 7. or 8. on board some of them goes into the maine top After Sunset they begin againe to assault them with stones in slings into the Mooneshine and with one stone strucke the Boatswaine that he overthrew him The 11. they came to make a new truce the Ringleader of the mischiefe was one the truce made they take one prisoner who pointed to his fellowes to bring the things that were stolne and he should be enlarged unto them The wind within an houre came faire they brought the fellow away One of his consorts came and followed talking to him at length they tooke leave making great lamentation The prisoner spake 4. or 5. words to the other clapping his hands vpon his face the other doing the like they depart This prisoner in few dayes grew a pleasant Companion trimmed vp his darts and fishing tooles made Okum and would lay his hand vpon a Roape to haile his meate was first dry Caplin they had taken there in their Tents when it was done he eate poore John The 14. of this Moneth one man dyed the rest were in good Health The 17. in the Latit of 63. â— min. he fell with a huge Iland of Ice in one entire Masse So big as they could not draw the limits with Bay and Capes and like huge Cliffes as he tooke it to be Land at first And in this place he had stickle and strong Currents No other but what the Ice made being forced through the water by the windes and drawing so much water as they bee eyther on ground or neere Also as his motion doth trouble and alter the waters true course which causeth the Tides to edy being neere it as Ilands in the Sea standing in the Flood or Ebbes way will doe the like He Coasts to S. off this Ice vntill the 30. of Iuly and saith ti was such a Barre to his proceedings as all his hopes were banished The 24. all his Ropes were frozen By a grosse fogge his men begin to grow sicke and feeble and told him he ought in Conscience to regard the safetie of his owne life and preservation of others and not through his over-boldnesse to leave their Widdowes and Fatherlesse children to give him bitter curses leave these excuses and come home Davis come home besides the great Ship was too great and unweldy to discover withall besides her charge was 100. pound a moneth So with divers other excuses he sends her homewards and with the Moone-shine made shift to steere E S E. from the Ice to seeke the next Land The first of August he sees land in 66 33. Longitude from London 70. deg here he graues the Moonelight that had beene forth but 3. moneths in a very good roade he findes this land to be all Ilands with Sea on E on W on N. but a Muskâ—ta stung him grievously the people here sends him a Seale driving with the tide which they had boyd up with bladders The people trade with him for skins as the others did and are in all things a like but in pronunciation of language more plaine and not hollow in the throate Their Salvage kept him close and made signes to them to get him a Companion Here he left the Mermaid at Anchor the 12 day and sailes W above 50 leagues sees land in 66 19 this land is 70 leagues from the other he anchors by an Iland of Ice from clock 9 to 3 in the morning The 15. he departs this land to the South sailes untill the 18 and then he sees land N W a faire Promontory in 65 and no land to Southward heere he had great hope of a Passage He sayles still southwards and sees Land S W and by S. the 17. by observation he was in 64 20 m. he had sailed by Chaâ—t and precise account 15 leagues S by W yet upon observation he found it S W. so as he saith it was by a Westerne Current August 19. it fell snow and foule weather they lie at hâ—ll all Night within 5. leagues of land The 20. the weather breakes up they beare in with land and got into a harbour close for all weathers they goe on land and can discerâ—e it to be all Ilands they come away in the afternoone with a N. E. winde faire weather shapes their course to the South whereby they may discover the passage They coast the land untill the 28. finding it still to continue to the S. from 67. to 57. he sees marvailous store of Sea fowle as Guls and others he tries for fish in one glasse kills an 100 Codde although he was but badly provided he doubting the weather steps into harbor in 56. d. sailes 10. leag up a River 2 leagues broad very faire Woods on both sides stayes here untill the first of Sept. had 2. great stormes he went 6. miles on land The woods were Furre Pyne-apple Elder Ewe Withe and Birch hâ— sees a black Beare and here were store of land river fowle as Goose Ducks Black-birdes Iayes Thrush and of Partridge and Feasant he kils great store with Bowe
Denmark for the discovery of Groenland 1605. his first Voyage Abstracted FRom Denmarke he set forth the 2 of May and saith hee found the Compasse varie Eastward at the Naes of Norway 7 deg 10 min. He saith that one league to the Northward of Faire â—slâ— he found the race of a Tyde setting so strongly Northwestward as if it had bin in the race of Portland Faire Isle bearing E S E. foure leagues off Swiâ—borne head N. E. by N. eight leagues off The I le of Foule N E. the Compasse was varied to the Eastward of true North 60 deg 10. minutes and he thinketh that the Iland Busse discovered by the Busse of Bridgewater in Frobrishers last Voyage is not truly placed in the Marine Charts At his falling with Groenland hee named a headland Cape Christianus after the King of Denmarke in latitude 59 deg 50 minutes and he found it due for that none other before him hath named it S W. by W. five leagues from thence hee had 12 deg 15 min. variation Westwards standing from thence to Seawards he sayled three houres in blacke water as thicke as puddle He found Cape Christianus and Desolation to lie W. by N. 50 leagues distance and a Current S S W. set him violently into the Ice he also findes the Current upon the side of America to set to the North but contrary on the Groenland coast to the South He findes a harbour upon the Coast of Groenland and sailes 6 leagues up a great Inlet or river before he could find 16 fathomes to anchor in the land on both sides was steepie and mountainous He goes on land and findes houses or rather Tents covered with Seale-skinnes the people came to him crying Eliout holding up their hands their boates were covered all over with Seale skinnes about their Tents was great abundance of the flesh of Seales to drie with Caplin and of Pilchards innumerable of which with other fishes their rivers are full their dogs were very fat they found in their Tents Foxe and Seale skins very well drest also certaine coates of Seale and Fowle skins with the feather-side inwards they also found a certain vessell boyling upon a lampe the vessell made after the maÌ„ner of a little pan the bottome of stone the sides of Whales Gils therein was Seales flesh boyling in Seale oyle and in another a dogges head boyled by those Tents lay two great boates with which he supposed they transported themselves from one place to another this not being the place of their continuall habits the boats were open with 8 or 10 thoughts and 20 foote in length at least for a saiâ—e they have the guts of some beast well drest and neatly sowed together After this the people came to them in their boates and bartered Seale skins and their Coats even for olde nailes or for a knife they will sell coate and boate Vnicorne horne or Mors teeth Whale finne with which they head their darts and weapons the Latitude of this Harbours mouth is 66. deg 30 min. an E and W. Moone makes a full Sea it floweth 3. fathomes and an halfe up and downe he had made about a barrell and â— â— of oyle and leaving it on land all night the Salvages let it forth The Salvages came the next day and bartered and going on land upon a sodaine without violence done them which shewes their wicked condition they assailed them with stones out of slings in most violent manner at the shooting of a Falcon-gun they all fled The next day againe they repaire to the number of sixty making new truce by crying Eliout but perceiving they had bags full of stones by them at the report of a Pistoll they all departed and after that they came to the same Cliffe againe and violently assaults them that no man could stand upon the hatches so as hee was glad to shield himselfe by loosing his Bonnets and lacing them about his ship and at the firing of a Musket they would ducke downe behind a Rocke the report gone they would afresh assault them He departs from hence and came to an anchor in an excellent haven on the S. side of a high hill which he named Mount Coningham this Sound for the goodnesse thereof he named Denmarke-haven 20 He loosed from this harbor the Salvages came againe to the number of 73. beating and making a hideous noise they enter into barter and throw Shels and toyes into his Boate he causing his boy to fetch them they shoote him through both buttockes with a Dart there were at this time mustered upon the Ilands to the number of 300 people Now followeth Mr. Iames Hall his Topographicall Description of the Land as hee discovered the same THe land of Groenland is a very high ragged and mountainous Countrey having many good Rivers Harbours and Bayes into 5. of which hee sayled 10 or 12 English leagues being very navigable with abundance of Fish of sundry sorts the Land in all places where I came seemed to bee fertile according to the Climate wherein it lyeth for betweene the Mountaines was most pleasant Plaines and Vallies insomuch as if he had not seene the same hee would not have beleeved that such a fertile land in shew could have bin in those Northerne Regions there is also great store of Fowle as Ravens Crowes Partridges Pheasants Seamewes Gulls with other sorts of Beasts he hath not seene any except blacke Foxes of which there are very many Hee doth suppose there are also many Deere for about their tents they found many Harts-hornes with the bones of other beasts also within the land he saw the footing and dung of divers other beasts he found the footing of one beast to be 8 inches over in the rivers were Fishes as Seales Whales and Salmon with divers other sorts of fishes the coast is a very good and faire land for 3 leag off he found 15 fathomes and as he approached the same 13 12 10 fathomes very faire sandy ground The people are a kind of Samoid or wandering nation removing from one place unto another they are people of a reasonable stature browne of colour very like the people of the East and W. India they are active and warlike vsing their darts and slings very nimbly they eate their meate raw or little parboild with blood oyle or water they apparell themselves in skinnes of such beasts as they kill but especially with Seales and fowles which they can dresse very soft and smooth in Summer turning the haire and feather side outwards in Winter inwards their weapons are slings bowes darts headed with bone or yron he supposeth them to be Idolatrous worshipping the Sun he met all the coast along much drift wood but from whence it came he knew not he coasted this Coast along from 66 deg to 69 deg and found many good sounds and harbours and returning towards his Shippe which he found in a harbour
by espying certaine Worlockes which the Captaine had caused to be set as Beacons for to give him knowledge of their being In this his absence from the Admirall the Saluages had done them much violence the Captaine had taken three of of them whom he kindly intreated others of them he slew this evening he takes in his provision of fresh water He sets on land one young man to be left in the Countrey to his cruell fortune and this was done by expresse command of the State-holder of Denmarke before his comming sorth they also in the Pinnace set another on land both being malefactors giving of them small necessaries It may be those people lived a long time after and may bee yet living if the Salvages have not devâ—ured them he sets sailes and comes to Sea where he found much drift Ice with a high Sea which he thought to be a current setting through Fretâ—â—â— Davis to the Southward as by experience he proved for by observation this day at noone he was in Latitude 62 deg 40. m. whereas the day before he was in Latitude 66 deg 10 min. having made by account a S by W. way about 10 leagues this current he did find to set along the Coast of Groenland South by East 15 This day he was in Latitude 57 degrees the 16 day close weather he meetes with a mighty skull of Whales amongst drift Ice and meetes also a great current setting West North-west over for America This is the current found by Frobrisher comming from the East and butting upon the East-side of Groenland and doth strike along the Land to Cape Christianus otherwise called Cape Farewell 1 Hee met with a skull of Herrings so that he knew himselfe not farre from Orkney he was in Latitude 58 deg 40 m. and sounding had 42 fathomes very sandy ground with some blacke dents when shortly after and the same day in the evening he sounded againe and had but 20 fathomes dented ground he was neere the shore before he saw it for it was thicke weather 10 He came to Elsenore Rode in Denmarke The second Voyage of Master Iames Hall from Denmarke to the further discovery of Groenland with five Shippes observed 1606. â—7 HEe set forth from Copemanhaven and went betwixt Orkney and Shotland the 7 of Iuâ—e which day one of the Groenlanders dyed it seemed it was one of them he had brought from thence the yeare before 14 He accounteth himselfe to be 19 deg 45 min. from the Meridian of the Naes of Norway 14 He steereth away W. the wind S E. and thick weather he imagineth himselfe in 58 deg 10 min. Latit at which time by reason of a Northerly Current contrary to his expectation he had made a West way Southerly 22 leagues and then as he supposeth the Compasse varied West-ward one point 1 He sees land being 8 leag off with a great banke of Ice lying off the S W. end thereof he supposeth it to bee Busse Iland and that it lyeth more to the West-ward then it is placed in the Marine charts Steering away W by N. he was in a great Current setting S S. W. the which he did suppose did set betwixt Jseland and Busse I le over with America from hence he steeres away W N W. 6 He found himselfe to be in 58 deg 50 min. whereby contrary to his expectation he did plainly see the South-erne current to be the cause this Evening he found the Compasse to be varied 12 deg 5 min. West-ward this Night their Pinnace and Vice-admirall come foule of one another 8 He was in 59 deg 30 min. and findes still the Current and variation to carry him to the South-ward of West 10 He sees the Coast of America in Latit 60 deg 16 min. about 9 leagues off and findes the needle varied 23 deg W. the hill tops were covered with snow the shore to the N. full of Ice he had a Current set West into the shore and indangers him Had not a gale fresh at S West brought him off 18 Vntill this day he passed many Mountaines of Ice at Noone was in 63 deg 45 min. Latit 19 Being amongst much Ice and plying to get cleare saith he seeth the Land of America in 64 Latit it lay S and N. very high and ragged covered with Snow He findes still a strong Current to the West from the Latit 51. his Compasse was placed ¾ of a point to East-ward of N and was carried almost 4 points to West-wards beyond his judgment he found this Current to set W N W. the Compasse varied 23 degrees From the 20 vntill the 25. he passeth and traverseth over from the West side for Groyneland and had sight of Queene Annes Cape 10. leagues off 27. He seeth the Capes he named the last yeare as Cape Annt Cape Sophy the Foords also as Rumells foord Christianus foord and puts into Coninghams foord where he saith the Silver was The Salvages come on board and barter with them for Iron with Seale skinnes and Whale-fynne he searcht vp the Foord and findes it to be but a Bay with many greene and pleasant Ilands the people to the number of 25. followes them with their Boates some of his men on Land travailes vp the Mountaines and sees raine Deere 6 There fell some small difference amongst them about choosing of an anchoring place the water being deepe and they removing from their first Road-sted further vp the River where it floweth S E. and N W. in Latitude 66 deg 25. minutes 9 The Captaine went vp the River with his Boate where they came to see their winter Houses which were builded with Whales bones the baulkes thereof were of Whales ribbes and covered with Earth they had certaine vaults or roomes vnderground 4 square two yards deepe in the Earth The towne consisteth of about 40. houses they found the buriall of their dead the Corps wrapped in Seale-skinnes and stones laid in the manner of a Coffin over them This day they take 5 of the inhabitants to bring into Denmarke to be informed of their Country which they call Secaâ—â—nga and say that within the Land they have a great King who is carried vpon mens shoulders 10 They come forth of Rumels foord and in great danger got to Sea being inforced betweene certaine Ilands which lye off Cape Sophie 4 leagues into the Sea the last yeare he named them Knights Ilands being got there he came into 66. deg 50. min. Laâ—it W N W. from Cape Sophy 15 leag off 18 He goes within sight of shore being all high land like Ilands and great store of Ice betwixt him and the same 28 He coasted to and againe amongst Ice vntill this day having had a storme and meetes one of his Fleete which had beene separated from him he fell with two bankes of Ice and is 8 leag off Desolation by account but could not
shoare from the N E by â— to the W. by S. the N. 12 leagues off the W. part 20 leagues he had no ground at 180 fathomes and he thought hee see land bearing E N E. on the Suns side but could not make it perfectly here he found the latitude 62 deg 50. min. 2 This day he had sight of a Faire headland 6 leagues off which he called Salisburies Foreland he ran from thence W S W. 14 leagues in the midst of which he came in to a great whirling Sea whither caused by the meeting of a streames or overfals he knew not thence sayling W by S. 7 leagves farther he was in the mouth of a straight and had no ground at 100 fathomes the straight not being above 2 leagues broad in the passage in this Westerne part which from the Eastern part of Fretum Davis is distant 250 leagues 3 This day he put thorough this passage which was narrow after his men had been on land that did observe the flood-tide did come from N. flowing by the shore 5 fathoms After he had sailed West by South 10 leagues the land fell to the Southwards and the Iles to the West left him he observed and found himselfe in 61 d. 20 m. and a Sea from the Westwards He names the Cape on the Star-board C. Digges being an Iland that on the Larbord stands upon the maine named by him Cape Worstenholme here is all I finde extant of his owne writing although he lived untill Iuly following before he was exposed A large discourse of the said Voyage and the successe thereof written by Abacuk Pricket Who lived to come home They came to the Iles of Orkney and from thence to Farre one day being calme they fell to fishing and kild good store of God and Ling from thence they raise the Iles of Westmony in one of which the King of Denmarke hath a fortresse by which they passed to raise the Snow-hill-foote a mountaine so called on the N W. part of the land and in that course they see the famous Mount Hecla which cast out much fire a signe of foule weather to come they leave Island on sterne and met a maine of Ice lying upon the Northpart thereof which when they see they stood backe for a Harbour in Island called Derefer where he kild good store of Fowle from thence they put to Sea againe but the wind not serving he puts back againe into another harbour called Lowsie Bay heare they found a Bath so hot as would scald a Fowle He put forth for Groenland and thought he saw land but iâ— prooved a fog banke He raised Groenland but great store of Ice hung upon the land this land is Mountainous with hils like Suger loaves covered with Snow He coasted along betwixt W and N W. untill he saw Dissolation which is a great Iland on the N W. part of Groenland here he saw great store of Whales some came about and under the ship but did no harme From hence he directed his course N W. and would have hailed more Northerly if the winde would have suffered him in this course he see the first mountainous Ice about the last of June he raised the land N. off him he tooke the same to be that Iland which Capt. Davis set in his Chart on the W. side of this straight he would have gone to N. thereof but the winde would not suffer him so he fell on the Southside into a great ripling or overfall of a current into this current he went and made his way Northward off W. untill he met with Ice which hung on this Iland wherefore he cast about to the South and cleared himselfe and then stood to the W amongst some store of sloting Ice and upon the Ice store of Seales he still made way N W. and meetes sometimes with Ice and then againe cleare thus proceeding betwixt Ice and Ice he sees a great Iland of Ice overtumble which was a good warning to him not to come neere them the next day he had a great storme and was driven to put in amongst the Ice and there to lye some of his men fell sicke he will not say for feare though he see no other signe of griefe The storme ceasing he put from the Ice standing W S W and N W. and as the cleare Sea and Ice would suffer him seeing the sea thus continued he would seeke to the S. but the more he strove the worse he was for he was fast inclosed and began to dispaire as he after told this Writer hee thought he should never have got out of this Ice but there haue perished Wherfore he shewed him his Card that he was 100. leag further than ever any English man was and referred to their choyse to proceed further or no whereupon some wisht them at home others any where so from amongst the Ice but in this distraction there passed words which was thought upon long time after There was one told the Master that if he had a 100 pound he would give 90 therof to be at home but the Carpenter made answere and said if he had 100. he would not give 10 upon any such condition but would hold it as good money as ever he had any and by Gods leave to bring it as well home well to worke they goe and with labour get the ship cleare the sea being also cleere a league or 2 off the course now is N N W. in the end he raised high land at S. W. covered with snow and names it Desire provokes he heard the noyse of a great overfall of a tide that came out of the Land and now he could well discerne that formerly he had beene imbayed and that Time made his acquaintance so well knowne to the Ice that when wet fogge or foule weather came he should make fast to the broad peece of Ice and run and sport and fill sweete fresh water upon the same after he had brought this land to beare S off him he had a current or tyde to open the Ice being carried first one way and then another but in bayes they lay as in a pond without mooving in the Bay wherein he was thus troubled he see of those Icie mountaines on ground here was 120 and 140 fathomes of water and here he sees a Beare upon the Ice his men gave chase to him but lost him by the tydes carrying away the Ice the Beare was gone out of their reach He continued his course towards the North-West and raised land to the North and Ice where there was a Beare which came from Ice to Ice untill she came neere them and then she runne away hee stood along on the South side of this land meeting with Ice which seeing he stood into the shore and found a harbour in the West end of this Iland he went over one Rock of two fathomes and a halfe and at low water it was so much bare he names it
not have one houre to get vp his anchor the winde then ceasing the Master would have vp the anchor against the mind of all that knew what belonged therevnto but when he had his anchor on peake the Ship tooke one sea and threw them all from Capstone and diuers were hurt he left his anchor and saved most of his Cable for the Carpenter had laid his axe ready to cut the Cable if occasion should so fall out From hence he stands to S W. through a cleare Sea of divers soundings and came to a Sea of two coulours one blacke the other white and 16 or 17 fadom water betweene which he went 5 or 6 leag the night comming on he goes in his maine and fore-saile and came into 5 or 6 fathomes he saw no land for it was darke so that he stood to the East and had deeper water and then stood to the S. and S. W. and came to the West◠most bay of all in this bay wintred Captaine Iames of Bristow in this bay neerest to the N. shore he anchored and sent on Land his boate he found the land flat and his men saw the footing of a man a ducke in the snowy Rockes and found good store of wood heere he saw a ledge of Rockes lying S. and N. to the South-ward off him and flowed over at full sea and a strong tide set in there he weyed anchor at midnight and thought to stand forth as he came in but it fortuned that hee runne upon these Rockes and sate there for 12 houres but by Gods mercy he got off againe unhurt though not unafrighted He then stood up to the East and raised 3 hils lying North and South he went to the furthermost and left it to the North he came into a Bay and anchored and sent the Carpenter and this writer to looke for a place to winter it being the last of October the nights long and cold the earth all covered with Snow themselves wearied having spent 3 moneths in a labyrinth in this Bay they went downe to the East to the bottome there but returned not with that they went for the next day he went to the South and S West where he found a place unto which hee brought his ship and hailed her on ground and on the 10 day she was froze in now hee lookes to the lengthning of his provision He was victualled for 6 moneths with good provision and might have had more from home if he would now hee must pinch for that he knew of no supply untill he came the next yeere to Cape Digs where the Fowle breed for there was all his hopes wherefore hee propounded reward to him that either killed beast fish or fowle his Gunner dyed about the middle of this moneth he blameth the Masters uncharitable dealing with this man but note what followed The Master kept in his house at London a young man named Henry Greene borne in Kent of worthy Parents but by his life and conversation he had lost the love of all his friends spent all that he had but by the means of one Master Venson his mother parted with 4 l. to buy him cloathes which money he was not trusted with the disposing of himselfe this Henry Greene was not knowne to the Adventurers nor had any wages but came onely on board at Graves-end and at Harwich would have gone into the field with one Wilkinson of our Company at Island he fell out with the Chirurgion in Dutch and he beat him on shore in English which set all the Company in a rage so that they had much adoe to get the Chirurgion on board againe this Author told the Master of it but he bade him let the matter alone for said he the Chirurgion hath a tongue that would wrong the best friend he had but Robert Iuet the Masters Mate would needs put his fingers in the Embers and told the Carpenter a long tale when he was drunke that the Master had brought in Greene to cracke his credit that should displease him which when the Master heard of being forty leagues from Island he would have gone backe to Island to have sent Juet his Mate home in a Fisherman but being otherwise perswaded all was well and Greene stood upright and was very inward with the Master and was a serviceable man every way for manhood but for Religion he would say he was white Paper whereon he might write what he would now the Gunner was dead and then as order is in such cases if the Company stand in neede of any thing belonged to the man that is deceassed then is it brought to the maine Mast and there sold to them that will give the most for it this Gunner had a gray cloth Gowne which Greene prayed the Master to befriend him so much as to let him have it paying for it as another would give the Master said he should and therefore answered some who sought for it that Greene should have it and none else Now out of time and season the Master called the Carpenter to goe in hand with a house on shore which at the beginning hee would not heare of when it might have beene done the Carpenter told him that the Snow and Frost was such as hee neither could nor would goe in hand with such worke which when he heard he feretted him out of his cabbine and struck him calling him by many foule words and threatned to hang him the Carpenter tolde him that he knew what belonged to his place better then he did and that he was no house Carpenter yet the house was made with much labour to no end the next day after the Master and the Carpenter fell out the Carpenter tooke his Peece and Henry Greene with him for it was ordered that none should goe out alone but one with a Peece another with a Pike this did move the Master so much more against Greene that Robert Bylot his mate must have the Gowne and had it delivered unto him which Henry Greene seeing he charged the Mr. with his promise but the Mr. did so raile on Greene with so many words of disgrace telling him that all his friends durst not trust him with 20 shillings therfore why should he and as for wages he was to have none nor should if he did not please him yet the Mr. had promised him as good wages as any man in the ship and to have him one of the Princes Guard at his home cōming but you shall see how the Divell so wrought out of this that Greene did the Master what mischiefe he could in seeking to discredit him and to thrust him and other honest men out of the ship to speake of all the troubles and of this cold Winter would be too tedious Now he sheweth how mercifully God dealt with them in this time for in the space of three moneths he had such store of one kinde of Fowle which were
this was in 62. d. 57. m. Latitude the wind comming to the East S. E. and E. by S. be stands to the N. wards desirous to keepe that Land still in sight or at least to get the shoalding thereof at Clock 2. the wind encreased to the taking in of both top Sayles about 6. it turned about to E. N. E. and to N. E. by E. he tacks about to the Southwards having run N. wards 4 Leagues N. by E. about 8. it blew to both Bonnets off and hee stood with two courses making way untill Midnight S. and by E. 2. Leagues and other 2. Leagues untill 4. S. and by E. 10. This morning he lay to Hull the weather extreame and hazie and so thick that he could not see a pistalshot from him in this time hee drew 2. Leagues S. S. E. and this is to be noted that he had 3. stormes in 4. dayes and for 17. or 18. dayes last past he had not had past 6. hoâ—â—es cleere at any time nor beene 20. houres without a stiffe blowne cold and English storme After 3. this aftenoone it sell flat calme hee sets both his Sayles and stood to the N. untill Evening 6. the wind about N. E. at 6. seeing the wind would not permit him to seize in that N shoare he stood to the Southward the weather thick and exceeding uncomfortable his way was I. League N. N. W. S. W. by W. 2. Leagues and one League S. S. E. 2. From Midnight a League S. S. E. the weather thick and foggie the Wind Easterly From this day noone untill Midnight E. by S. 4. Leagues and 2. Leagues N. and by E. the wind hanging still to the Northwards and hazie weather his depth betweene 70. and 75. Fadome hee coveted still to hold sight of the N. shoare but it pleased not God it should be so Therefore with patience he stood away as neere as he could but â—y his standing Northwards his water still shoalded so as 〈…〉 the Lâ—â—d still winded to the Eastward 3. From Middight untill Noone 7. Leagues N. E. from thence 4. Leagues E. by S. till Midnight 4. From Midnight untill 5. this morning N. and by E. â— Leagues from thence he stood E. S. E. foggie weather with some cleeres From noone untill 10. at night 6. leagues E. N. E. his depth shoalding from 65. to 40. sathom the weather thick and bad he stood 2. leagues West by North. At 2. this morning hee stands 2. leagues N. E. and untill noone 7. leagues S S. W. and past 4. this morning he sees land about 2. leagues off beating from E. to S. He writeth that the sight of it grieved him much so that now he made himselfe assured of that which he did but doubt before which was that they joyne to the Easterne part of the Bay from whence he came but I doe otherwise beleeve All the afternoone he stood a long the shore edging into 7. fathom and crosse a Race which set N. E. and S. W. and continued about halfe a Glasse At 4. a clock the N. W. point of the land did beare from him N. W. by N. about a mile of then steering within lesse then one mile of this Cape-land for so it was and a faire one of a low one as ever hee saw you shall have 9. and 10. fathom and shall open a very safe Bay the Easterne land whereof will beare from you E. by N. 4. leagues off In this Bay he handed all his sayles thinking to have ridde and watered but his anchor being downe and his Boat almost out one of his Masters Mates said he descried land from the top Mast head S. and by E. the newes whereof made him wonder for that they all knew this was the land they had seene the last yeere which they too kt to be an Iland He sent up Captaine Ingram who assured him it was land whereupon he hoysed up his anchor and set sayle and stood S. and by E. and S. and came into 30. fathom so missing this land hee anchored night at hand in 30 fathom At 2 this morning he weighed to better his deepe and to goe neere the land he thought he had seene in 2. Glasses hee lessed his deepe 3. fathom so steering S. S. E. he came to 46. and 56. fathom in 2. Glasses About 5. in the morning the wind came about to the N. by E. he stands E. close upon a wind and came to 125. at noone without sight of land whereby hee was assured that it was the imagined last yeeres Iland From yesterday noone untill this noone 14. leagues S. E. by E. and 6. leagues E N. E. the weather somewhat cleare but not fit to make observation after noone the Gale hards on he strooke his lofty sayles the Sea somewhat growne the day cleerest and fairest of 16. or 17. dayes before From noone this day until midnight E. N. E. 8. leag this night 11. the weather grew bad and hee saith the Sea beat of his Beaks head at which time he took in sayles and came to Hull From midnight before untill this day noone hee drive on Hull 3. leagues S. S. E the weather foggie raine and wind but somewhat lesse At 2. in the morning the storme being broke up and Sea downe he set sayles and had driven since noone before S. S. E. 4 leagues the winde betwixt N. N. E. and N. E. At 8. this morning he had 50. fathom the thick was cleered and he see land to beare on him East From 2. this morning the time of his setting of sayle hee made N. E. by N. Northerly 7. leagues the morning was foggie but the day proved faire At noone they had a good observation and all that did observe agreed in one and to be in 61. d. 38. m. Latitude hee made way to the shore E. by N. Northerly 2. leagues and came to an anchor at clock 2. in 17. fathom the land bearing from N. E. by N. to E. S. E. After 3. this afternoone the winde comming to the E. N. E. he set sayle and stood to the Northward and about 5. this evening coasting along the shore the Northland seemed like small Ilands and broken lands the sight whereof made him desirous to put in amongst them but the winde would not permit at clock 5. the weather thickned and the land bore from N. E. Easterly to S. E. from him 4. leagues This land was a very low and a smooth land from hence he stood off to the Westward till midnight his depth from 14. to 95. fathom his course W. N. W. Northerly 7. leagues At Midnight having the same depth the wind was at noone N. northerly he stood about to eastward 10. Leagues E. N. E. Somewhat before noone this day it cleered and in 12. Fadome hee saw the Land 2. Miles off and upon the same hee saw 5. white Beares so standing of the coller of his main stay broke which caused him to
beare up with the S. most part of the Land he saw to the intent to lend his Boate on Land for water and to try from whence the flood came at 1. in the afternoon he anchored in a Bay in 4. Fadome smooth groud but rockie for he could see it under him He sent his man well mand and armed who found water instantly they found not farre from them 2. old houses broken and fallen downe to the ground wherein were the skulls and bones of deadmen Images and toyes such as they found by digging with their hands under the ruines of the decayed houses with some dozen of small Mors teeth His opinion is that this were the ruines of some who by mischance had miscarried there by wrack of their Boate or being inforced to water there made their best provision they could to endure it but the extremity being so strong for them and the place neither affording meanes for them to repaire their Canooes the ruines whereof he found some for fuell for fire to comfort them in Winter hee gesses this killed them for had they beene any other then such as were thus enforced by such extremity they would not have left such things behind them as they found for there nature is wheresoever they come to have few things of worth or value behind them much lesse doth hee thinke they have left their Images which hee perveiveth they account their gods And there was Mors teeth for which and the treyne thereof they make all their Sommers travells and labours Thus his Boate having brought him water he ried all that day with wind of Land and observed that the flood came from N. and the ebbe from S. making a full stay that day betweene 3. and 4. a Clocke Having watered he weighed and steered untill 4. this morning N. W. by W. 7. Leagues the wind N. N. E. It grew thick with fogg at 4. in the Evening hee tackt about to the Eastward till 83. Leagues N. E. by E. the thick cause him to take to the W. ward and till Midnight he made way N. W. and by W. 3. Leagues From midnight untill morning 6. he stood in E. N. ½ northerly 4. Leagues he tackt about untill 10. a Clock 3. Leagues N. W. and by N. At which time hee came to an Anchor in 85. Fadome and found the tyde of Flood to come from the N. Land ebbe from the S. and ruld within 6. or 7. Leagues of shore it bearing N. E. and by E. This Evening 8. he stood with N. and by E. winde N. W. and by 44. Leagues untill midnight at noone before hee had an observation 62. d. 19. m. this day hee saw great store of geese fly to the Southwards which hee tooke to bee a token that the Winter did aproach the weather was very faire and cleere From midnight untill 7. this morning his way W. 5. Leagues N. W. and by W. the wind as before the weather faire and cleere and most likly to prove so to continue of any he had so seene since he came for his wintering From 7. this morning untill 2. in the afternoone hee stood to the E. ward and made way 4. Leagues N. E. and by E. From 2. the wind wearing he stood to the E. ward and made way untill midnight 7. Leagues N. W. From midnight untill morning hee held the same course 4. Leagues N. W. northerly it grew calme and he was within 5. Leagues of a faire Head land hee came to Anchor in 65. Fadome the Land bare from the N. N. W. to the W. S. W. both Lands hee deemed to bee distant 10. Leagues it being calme with windward Tyde hee wayed Anchor hoping to get to the Northward of this faire Head land and that the height of that Land would bring him into deeper water After he was loos'd he was sagged into the Bay from 62. to 50. fathome a small gale comming on hee stood off into 60. fathome when it fell calme he anchored againe this day was faire and cleere he obserued in 62. d. 38. m. This Cape was a very faire Head land and the northerne part is much higher then the westerne but it is all the other Land is of this straight except 15. leagues on this side his wintering place which was woody else on this side it is all barred and rockie but a bad shoare to saile along This forenoone calme but faire and cleere weather and the onely Somers day hee had since his comming from his wintering being at Anchor bewixt the Cape and the W. point he saw the Land to make with two Bayes the further point of the southerne Bay being from the northerne Land of that Bay W. and by S. southerly and the North point E. and by N. northerly And the other Bay from this point to the Cape it selfe lieth E. northerly and S. westerly at noone he observed in 62. d. 42. m. At 4. the afternoone he set sayle and with small winde at 5. he stood with the Cape the weather being cleere and faire hee sent to the Cape to turne the Tyde being thwart of the Cape the point is low with an underland and some 2. Cables length from shore ia a low flat little Iland the land you shall open to the Northward lieth N. W. Westerly hee boat or bore he edged of and anchored within one mile of the land having opened the land to the westward of the Cape he anchored 15. fathom and rid there all night to try the tyde for that his Boat had brought word that it was ebbe tyde and that it set to the Northward which did agree with the tyde he found on the Eastland where hee watered but from the time he now anchored being between 10. and 11. at night and 3. the next morning he set sayle hee could not finde any certainty but what followed This morning was calme but the night before was full of strange Harbours as they call them which is a streame in the Element like the flame that commeth forth the mouth of a a hot oven which upon this Coast how faire soever the weather bee when you see them yet it is an infallible signe of a storme to follow within 24. houres after as it proved by this and divers times before At 3. this morning without certenty of the Tyde a small gale S. he wayed and advised with Captaine Gibbins and Captaine Ingram and with the rest what course was best to bee taken they resolved this Land falling away N. W. and by W. westerly and having 113. Fadome within a Mile of the shore to stand away N. N. W. alougst the shore resolving not to leave this Land untill he were fully satisfied standing thus untill 8. at night being some 7. Leagues of the Cape he saw an Iland of the westermost Land that bore from him W. N. W. 7. or 8 Leagues off hee had then 100. Fathome and stood N. N. W. as before At
well say one degree more on land to the Northward hee then saw good reason for it At 8. this night the weather being a little cleere with ebbe he wayed and plied to windward to get about the N. W. end of the Iland and being about the West point the ebbe being dâ—ne he saw another point open upon him that bore N. the winde at N. W. in 33. fathoms the weather thick and bad he anchored where in lesse than one houre the tyde of flood came most strong as before from N. W. and by N. whereby he concluded having brought the Northerne point N. from him thaâ— it was the true Channell tyde for had it beene otherwise it would have come as the land lay which was N. but now being open of the land and finding it to come from the N. W. and by N. he faith in his judgement that course and N. N. W. must direct whomsoever shall seeke this passage hereafter And the rather to continue himselfe in this opinion he now to late found that those that were this way first himselfe the last yeere were all of them deceived of the set of the tyde within Sir Dudley Diggs his Iland for there they found it come more Westerly which was caused by many broken Ilands that lye to the Westward of it which he never sawe untill his returne homewards And upon this tyde if I can judge saith he we cannot be deceived for this caveat he doth give to whomsoever shall succeed him in this discovery That whensoever he loseth his strong tyde or finds ground in 200. fathoms let himselfe he is out of his direct course for finding of this Voyage So this his experience upon his unhappy counter-course taught him that whensoever it is to be found it must bee in deepe water and in a strong tyde and in this course that he took he hopes it will not be imputed an errour of his for what he did in the directing of it for it was to follow the letter of his instructions For albeit he was precisely tyed to stand with Hudsons Westerland in 58. d. yet he never came much to Leeward of 61. d. till he was encountered with land 200. leagues Westward from Sir Dudley Diggs his Iland How much in effect I received in a Manuscript from Sir Thomas Roe besides divers others towards the furtherance of my Voyage But further from Abacuk Pricket who saith they came not through the maine Channell of Fretum Hudson nor thorow Lumleys Inlet but that he came through into the Mare Hyperborum betwixt those Ilands first discovered and named Chidleys Cape by Captaine Davis and the North part of America called by the Spaniards who never saw the same Cape Labradorr but it is meet by the N. E. point of America where there was contention amongst them some maintaining against others that them Ilands were the Resolution which Josias Hubbart withstood untill he stood himselfe into the danger of displeasure but at length it proved a new streight and a very straight indâ—ed to come through which resolved all doubts but hereupon all their plots and Iournalls This part which came unto my hands I have writ thinking there may be some that will protract the same he met no Ice in his home comming untill he came into Fretum Hudson and but little there Iournals more taken from them and therefore who doth desire any further satisfaction from this Voyage must seeke it from Sir Thomas Button onely Pricket saith that they were at home in 16. dayes Concerning the Voyage of Captaine Gibbons with a Ship called the Discovery vitled for 12. Monethes in the yeare 1614. LIttle is to be writ to any purpose for that hee was put by the mouth of Fretum Hudson 28 with the Ice driven into a Bay called by his Company Gibbons his hole in Latitude about 57. upon the N. E. part oâ— Stinenia where hee laid 10. weekes fast amongst the Ice iâ— danger to have beene spoyled or never to have got away so as the time being lost hee was inforced to returne The Voyage of Robert Bilot yet forth by Sir Dadley Diggs Mr. Iohn Wolstenholm Alde man Iones 16. 15. in the discovery of 55. tunnes burthen Written by William Baffine THis Robert Bylot had beene in this ship all tâ—â— 3. voyages before viz. Hudson as you finde by Pricket Sir Thomas Button and Gibbons and therefore was a man well experienct that way his company consisted of 16. men and 2. boyes he anchored in Lee read the 18. Aprill 6 Vpon this day he had sight of Groenland on the East side of Cape Farewell that night he had a great storme but hee kept southerly to get cleare of the Ice that lay on shore Hee kept his course untill the 17. day seeing many great Ilands of Ice some doth affirme that there is not above one 7. part of the Ice above water saith Baffine hee observed one peece to be 140. Fathome above water this day hee came to the firme Land of Ice as hee supposed being in 61. 16. the Latitude of the S. part the I le Resolution then hee asked opinion concerning putting in amongst the Ice saying the Sea was on the N. side of the South channell and much Ice hee must passe and if he could get but 2. or 3. Leagues within the Ice it would open every Tyde and so hee should get something on his way having all the channell to the S. on him and with this resolution he put in W. E. N. E. wind this first entrance Baffine liked not well finding scarce a place to put the Ships-head into being 30. Leagues from any Land towards evening they were fast amongst the Ice 22. Sometimes ere day the Ice would something open and so made what way hee could to the N. W. in for the shore untill this day the wind all South yet hee could see plainely so that he seekt to the Southward doe what he could This day the wind came up at N. N. W. and hee determined to stand forth againe for if the wind had come'd at N. E. it had beeene impossible for him to have fetcht any part of the channell againe for he thought he drave fast to the southward with South wind yet he had not seene the Land 23. Hee was also determined to spend 20. or 24 dayes in Fretum Davis to see what hopes would bee that wayes supposing there would be little good done in Hudsons straights for the time limited hee plyed to get to Sea-ward and at Clock 8. in the night hee was cleared from the Ice hee then changed his opinion and stood to the N. all hee could as the Ice would give him leave câ—mming 30. Leagues to N. E. by N. in Latitude 61. d. 50. m. at Clocke 6. the wind came N. N. E. 26. This day was faire and coole but the after noone was close and hazie hee tooke in his sayles and held untill
morning 4. all this day he past by many beds of Ice having great quantity to the N. of him and having run about 21. Leagues upon a true W. course 27. This 27. was close foggie weather with much snow freezing his shroude and tackling but at Clock 4. it cleared and he saw Land it being the I le Resolution bearing W. about 13. or 14. Leagues off he stands to to fro as Ice would suffer him when night came with W. wind he made fast to a peece of Ice 28. Faire weather all this day hee being fast to a peece of Ice with W. wind and hee could well perceive that hee â—et faster into the straights with the flood then the ebbe could take him back againe 29. This day the weather was faire and wind variable hee sets sayle and tacks to and fro along the Iland the nâ—xt morning 2. the wind came to S. S E. but he was so postured with Ice that with faire wind he could doe little good the wind continued a stiffe gaile all day and night for it was not darke and so was set within the point of the Iland so as now hee was within the straights This day was faire weather the wind N. W. hee saw Buttons Iles beare S. by compasse but S. S. E. with variation allowed which was 24. degrees some snow in the morning but very faire the afternoone the wind at W. N. W. hee perceiving the Ice to open close to the shore made way to get into anchor and by Clock 7. he was in good harbour on the W. side of Resolution where an E. S. E. Moone makes a full Sea or halke an hower past 7. On the change day the water doth rise and fall neere 4. Fathome the compasse doth vary 24. d. 6. m. and his Longitude from London 66. d. 35. m. the breadth of the S. channell is 16. Leagues and the breadth of the N. or Lumleys Julet is 8. Miles wide in the narrowest place He found here no signe of inhabitants but the tracte of Beares and Foxes Rocks and stony ground hardly any thing growing thereon it is indifferent high Land to the N. having one hill or summoke to the N. E. but to the South it falleth away very low This morning the wind came to the E. S. E. with much snow and foule weather at noone he wayed anchor and stood about by the Iland side as well as the Ice would give him leave to get to the N. shore with much variable wind and weather but stood fast in continuance amongst Ice untill the 8. day the wind fell contrary and being somewhat neere a point of a Land or rather a company of Ilands which hee called Savage Ilands having a great Sound or Indrust betweene the N. shore and them at Clock 6. hee came to Anchor neere one of them being the E. most save one but whiles he was forling this saile hee heard and saw a great company of Dogs howling and barking that it seeming very strange after he had mored his Ship hee sent his boare neare shore to see if they could discerne any people who returned said there were Tents and Canons and Doggs but for people they saw none this writer being fitted after Prayers and supper went on Land to their Tents with 7. others where finding no people they marched up to the top of a hill being about a flight shot where they saw a great Canon which had about 14. men therein being on the N. W. part of the Iland and about a Musket shot from them so called to them in Groenlandish speech making signes of friendship they did the like to them but being fearefull and he not trusting them also made signes of a knife and other trifles which he left upon the top of a hill and returned to these Tents againe where he found to the number of 30. or 40. Whale finnes with a few Seale skins which hee tooke with him leaving for them knifes beades and counters hee found a little Bay where were the Images of men and one the Image of a woman with a child at her back which he brought with him Amongst these Tents being 5. in number all covered with Seales skins were running 35. or 40. Dogs the most of them muzled there were of a Mungrills Mastiffe being of a brinded black colour looking almost like Wolves those Dogs they use in stead of Horses or as the Laplanders doe their Deere to draw their Steedes which are shot or lyned with bones of great fishes to keepe them from wearing their Dogs have collers and furniture very fitting Their apparell Boates and Tents with other necessaries are much like to those of Greneland but not so neate and artificiall they seeme to bee more rude and uncivill travelling up and downe as their fishing is in season for in most places where they were on Land they see where people had beene but where their habitation or winter aboad is they know not nor cannot conjecture This Iland lyeth in 62. degrees 32. minutes and in longitude West from London 72. degrees or neere there about being 60. Leagues from the entrance of the straights the compasse doth vary 27. degrees 30. minutes and South East Moone 4. degrees East maketh full Sea it floweth almost as much water as at Resolution the Tyde commeth from the Eastwards This day morning 6. he set sayle with North winde which continued not but was variable till noone it came to North West hee having sayled along the shore some 7½ leagues North North West the Ice lying so thick in the Offing that he could not well get out of it He perceived a good Harbor betweene two small Ilands and the maine and went in wherre he moord and stayd untill the twelfe day in the evening In this place a South East Moone make a full Sea Latitude 62. degrees 40. m. the tyde doth come from South East every point hath his set and eddy in this place hee could perceive of no people Lying still in the Ice the weather close and hazy as it had beene for 6. dayes being neere a great company of Ilands the winde West North West he stood in amongst them and at evening morne to one of them in a small Cove the better to defend her from the Ice here hee stood all the 17. day the 18. being almost calme he set sayle the better to get forth Here was a great company of Ilands each whereof hath his severall sets and eddyes which drive the Ice to and againe with such violence that hee was in greater danger here then if he had beene further off the Latitude of this I le he lay at was 63. d. 26. m. longitude neere 72. d. 15. m. from London Variation 27. d. 46. m. ½ past 9. the change day maketh full Sea this evening and morning he had a false gale at South East and he stood along by the land it being all
and enforced to set saile the wind at E. and came about to N. E. with fowle weather he stood away towards Sea Horse Point he was perswaded that there might be a passage betweene that Land and the Land they called Swan Iland so this afternoone hee saw both Sea Horse Point and I le Notingham the distance betwixt both is not above 15. or 16. Leagues they lye one from another S. E and N. W. 28. In the morning he saw Sea Horse Point and the Land to stretch away W. S. W. so far as he saw and with Ice wherefore he tackt about and stood away S. E. and by S. 29. This day 11. he came to anchor at Diggs his Iland having yery foule weather at this place where he rod it lyeth open to the W. having 2. of the greatest Iles to breake off the fore of the flood Tyde for after the water was risen an houre and a halfe by the shore then would the Ships ride truly on the tide of flood all the Tyde after now the time of high water on the change is at ½ past 10. or thereabouts This day was faire weather he wayed stood close by Diggs his Iland where presently he perswaded the Salvages to bee close upon the Rocks but when they saw he had espied them divers of them came running down to the water side calling to him to come to anchor which he would have done if hee could but in this place the water was so deep an it is hard to find a place to ride in which seeing he lay to and againe with the ship whilst some of his men with the Boat killed about 70. Fowles for in this place is the greatest store of those fowles which we call Willicks that in few places else is not to be seen for if need were he might have killed many thousand almost incredible to those that have not seene it here he had sufficient proofe of other tyde but when his Boate returned he set sayle homewards The Observation He set forth the 18. of April he saw the land of Groynland the 6. of May he made Resolution the 27. whereon the N. side he found a good Harbor where it flowes an E. S. E. moone and neere 4. fatho he found people at Salvage Isles he was much troubled but especially at Mill Isle he made Cape Comfort and found a tyde but knew not from whence it come The land to the N. treads about him to N. E. by E. the water the farther Northward was but more shallow dirty he returnes homewards the 10. of Iuly his greatest deep at 180. fathoms In his returne at Sea-horse Point he and al his people saw that plainly the tyde came from S. E. as also at Isle Nottingham he broke in a planck and timber of his ship amongst Ice he might have killed thousands of Fowle at Diggs his Island his greatest Variation was 27. d. 46. m. his greatest Lat. was 65. d. 25. m. he saw many Sea Mors at Cape Comfort his Longitude from London was 86. d. 10. m. This day he was forced to anchor 30. leagues within Resolution upon the N. shore the next day he weighed and the 5. day he passed by Resolution but see it not He had sight of Cape Cleere in Ireland He came into Plimouth all his men alive but 3. sick which presently recovered The next yeere being againe imployed in discovery amongst other Instruments he received this For your course you must make all possible hast to Cape Desolation from thence your William Baffyn as Pilot keep along the Coast of Greenland and Fretum Davis untill you come towards the height of 80. if the land will give you leave then for feare of imbaying by keeping off to Northerly a course shape your course W. and Southerly so far as you shall thinke it convenient untill you come to the Lat. of 60. then direct your course to fall with the land of Yed 30. about that height leaving your further sayling Southward to your owne discretion according to the time of the yeere and the winds will give you leave although your desire be if the Voyage be so prosperous that you may have the yeere before you that you goe so far Southerly as that you may touch the N. part of Iapon from whence as from Yedzo if you can see to passe it without danger wee would have you to bring home one of the men of the Country and so God blessing you with all expedition to make you returne home againe Master Baffyne his Letter to the right Worshipfull Sir Iohn Wolitenholme one of the chiefe Adventurers for the discovery of a passage to the North west VVOrthy Sir there needs no filling a Iournall or short Discourse with Preamble circumstance or complement and therefore I will onely tell I am proud of my remembrance when I expresse your worth to my capacity and galâ— of any good fortune when I can avoyde the imputation of ingratitude by acknowledgeing your many favours and seeing it is not unknowne to your Worship in what estate the businesse concerning the North West hath beene heretofore and how the onely hope was in searching Fretum Davis which if your selfe had not beene the more forward the Action had wel-nigh beene left of Now it remaineth for your Worship to know what hath beene performed this yeare wherefore I intreat you to admit of my custome and pardon me if I take the plaine high-way in relating the particulars without using any refined Phrases or eloquent speeches Therefore briefly thus and as it were in the Fore-front I entred to shew the whole proceeding of the Voyage in a word as namely there is no Passage nor hope of Passage in the North of Davis Straight Wee having coasted all or neere all the Circumference thereof and finde it to be no other then a great Bay as the Voyage doth truely show therefore I cannot but much admire the worke of the Almighty when I consider how vaine the best and chiefest hopes of men are in things uncertaine and to speake of no other matter than the hopefull passage to the North West How many of the best sort of men have set their whole endeavours to proove a passage that way not onely in their Conference but also in writing and publishing the Worke Yea what great summes of money having beene spent about the Action as your Worship hath costly experience of Nâ—ither would the Vaine-glorious Spaniard have scattered abroad so many false Mappes and Iournals if they had not beene confident of a passage this way that if it had pleased GOD a passage had beene found they might have eclipsed the worthy prayse of the Adventurers and true Discoverers And for mine owne part I would hardly have beleeved the contrary untill my eyes became witnesses of that I desired not to have found still taking occasion of hope on very likelihood till such time as wee had coasted almost all the Circumference of
de Horera the Kings Coronista Maior maketh with vs also in the distance described but to produce some Authority more full I haue heere presented Thomas Cowles a Marriner and Master Michaell Lock Merchant and after them a little Treatis ascribed to Master Briggs And if any thinke that the Spanâ—ard or Portugall would soone haue discouered such a Passage this will answere that it was not for their profit to expose their East or West Indies to English Dutch or others whom they would not haue sharers in those remote Treasures by so neere a Passage First Thomas Cowles auerâ—eth thus much I Thomas Cowles of Bedmester in the County of Somrset Marriner doe acknowledge that Six yeares past being at Lisborne in Portugall I did heare one Martin Chacke a Portugall reade a Booke of his owne making which hee had set out 6. yeeres before that time in Print in the Portugall tongue declaring that the said Martin Chacke had found twelue yeeres now past away from the Portugall Iudies through a Gulfe of the New-found-land which hee thought to bee in 59. deg of the N. Pole by meanes that hee being in the said Indies with 4 shippes of great Burthen and hee himselfe being in a small ship of 80. Tunne farre driuen from the companie of the other 4. shipps with a West winde after which hee had past along by a great number of Islands which were in the Gulfe of the said New-found-land and after hee ouer-shott the Gulfe he set no more sight of any other land vntill hee fell with the N. N. west part of Ireland and from thence hee tooke his course home-ward and by that meanes hee came to Lifborne 4. or 5. weekes before the other shipps that were separated from his Company and since the same time hee could neuer see any of those Bookes because the King commanded them to bee called in and no more of them to bee Printed least in time it would bee their hinderance In witnesse whereof I set to my hand and marke the 9day of Aprill 1579. ¶ A Noate of Michaell Locke touching Freton Anjoy through the North-west Passage of Meta Incognita WHen I was at Venice in Aprill 1596. happily arriued there an old man aged about 60. called commonly Iuan de Fâ—â—â—a but named properly Apostollos Valerianâ—s of Nation a Greeke borne in the Island of Sepholonien of Profession a Marriner and an ancient Pylot of shippes This man came lately out of Spaine ariued first at Legorne and went thence to Florence where hee found out Iohn Dowlas an English-man a famous Marriner ready comming for Venice to be Pylot of a Venetian ship for England they came both to Venice together and Iohn Dowlas being well acquainted with mee gaue me notice of this Greeke Pylot and brought him to my speech and in conference this Pylot declared in the Italian and Spanish tongue these words following First hee said that hee had beene in the West India of Spaine by the space of Forty yeeres and sayled too and fro as Marriner and Pylot to many places thereof in the seruice of the Spaniard Also he said that hee was in the Spannish shipp which in returning from the Islands of Philipinas and China was robb'd neere Cape Callifâ—rnia by Captaine Canâ—ndish an English-man whereby hee lost 60. Thousand Duckets of his owne goods Also hee said that hee was Pylot of 3. small Shipps which the Victory of Mexicoe sent from thence armed with a 100. Souldiers vnder a Captaine Spaniard to discouer the streights of Anian along the Coast of the South Sea and to fortefie in that streight to resist the Passage of the English Nation which were afraid to passe through the streights into the South Sea and that by reason of a Mutinie which happened amongst the Souldiers for the Sodomie of their Captaine that Voyage was ouerthrowne and the Ship turned backe from Califirnia to Noud Spania without any effect of things done in that Voyage and at their returne the Captaine was punished at Mexicoe Also hee saith that after the said Voyage was so ill ended the Vice-roy set him out againe in 1592. with a small Caravell and a Pinnace armed with Marriners onely for discovery of the said Streight and hee following his course W. and N. W. in the South-sea along the coast of Nova Hispaniae and Califirnia and India now called North America all which voyage hee signified vnto me in a great Mappe and Carde of my owne which I laide before him vntill hee came to the Latitude of 47. degrees and that there finding the land to trent N. and N. E. with a broad Inlett betweene 47. and 48. hee being entred thereinto sayling therein more then twenty dayes and found the land trenting still sometimes N. W. and sometimes N. E. and also S. E. ward a farre broader Sea then at the said entrance and that hee passed by divers Ilands in that entrance and that at the entrance of this said Streight there is on the North-west coast thereof a great Head-land or Iland with an exceeding high Pinnacle or spired Rocke like a piller there-vpon Also he said that hee went on land indivers places and that hee saw some people on land clad in Beast-skinns and that the land was very fruitfull and rich of gold and silver and Pearles and other things like Nova Hispaniae Also hee said that hee being entred thus farre into the said Streight and being come into the North-Sea allready and finding the Sea wide enough every where and to bee about 30. or 40. leagues wyde in the Streight where hee entred hee thought he had now well discharged his office done the thing which he was sent to doe and that he not being armed to resist the force of the Saluage people that might happen to assault him therefore hee set sayle and returned towards Noua Hispaniae where he arrives at Aquapulco Anno 1592. hoping to be well rewarded of the Viceroy for his voyage so performed Also he said that he was greatly welcomed to Mexico by the Viceroy and had promise of great reward but staying there 2 yeares to his small content the Viceroy told him he should be rewarded in Spaine of the King and therefore willed him to repayre thither which he did performe At his comming thither he was greatly welcomed at the Kings Court in words but after long suite he could not get any reward there to his content and therefore at length he stole away and came into Italy to get home to live amongst his kindred in his owne country he being now very old Also he said that he thought that the cause of his ill reward was had of the Spaniards to be for that they did understand very well that the English Nation had now given over all their voyages for the discovery of the N W. passage wherfore they feared not them any more to come that way into the S. Sea and therefore they needed not his service therein any more Also he said that in regard of
his ill reward had of the Spaniard and understanding of the Noble mind of the Queene of England and of her warres maintained so valiantly against the Spaniard hoping her Matie would do him Iustice for his goods lost by Capt. Cavendish he would be content to goe into England and serve her Matie in that Voyage to discover the N W. passage into the S Sea and would put his life in her Maiesties hands to performe the same if shee would furnish him with one ship of 40 tonnes and one Pinnace and that hee would performe the same from the one end of the Straits to the other and he willed me so to write into England Whereupon after this twice conference I did write to the old Lord Treasurer Cicil and to Sir Walter Rawleigh and to Mr. Richard Hackluit that famous Cosmographer praying that 100 pounds might be sent for the charge of sending this Pylot into England I received answer from some of my friend◠that the action was well liked of if the money could be procured After one fortnight he went from mee into his owne countrey where he dyed There are divers other things written in the Originall as enticing perswasions to those undertakings and is to be read as in Sir Humfrey Gilbert Mr. Hackluit and also other which were his collections after his death incerted into the latter end of the 4th Booke of the 3 part of Purkas his works but because these latter truths have proved them to be but the imagination of men I omit them as things needlesse to this ornament for although I have beene carefull to be as compendious as I could yet I feare me my readers will thinke me totedious Concerning Capt. William Hawkridge of whom I find nothing written by himselfe but what hath come to my hands by manuscript or relation as followeth here HEe went bent by the West and the 29 of June he found himselfe betwixt land and land and thought he had bin in the great channell or Lumleyes Inlet where it pleased God by the cleering up of the weather to deliver him from a rocke he might have indangered himselfe upon to the E. ward This day he plyed it out againe to the E. ward finding that he was in the N. or wrong Channell where he saw 3 Rocks he wondred he had escaped for he had runne in amongst them This day was fayre and cleare weather the wind at N W. he stood out againe S E. all the forenoone amongst yce loofing for one and bearing up for another the current setting to the W. ward he tooke marks upon the land and by the logge the Ship run after 5 leag a watch and for all that got nothing he observed by his Astrolob and was in 62 d. 25 m. having had Fogs and Mists for 6 dayes before so as he could not observe and this day he had 29 d variation Westward the magneticall Amplitude 83 d true Amplitude 54. These dayes were fayre cleare weather the 4 was foggie This day the winde was E. This day he plyed to windward to weather Resolution the wind at E N E. This day was foggie wind N E. he lost sight of his Pinnace The 27 of Iune he made the Resolution and the 8 of July he was come backe againe out of the N. channell betwixt Resolution and Cape Elizabeth This day he met againe with his Pinnace and thought to have borne up but the fogge taking him he plyed to the Eastward to the intent he might get into the great channell This day standing to the N-shore with very foggie weather he was taken with an indraft of a strong tide and drawne in amongst divers Ilands about Cape Elizabeth and was in more danger then he saw but having a swelling Sea from the E. hee followed and so escaped all dangers This day he had a strong ripling of a tide his Latit 61 d. 30 m. and the body of Resolution bore N W. by N. from him The 12. 13. and 14 dayes he made account that he had kept that latit and rather to the N. ward but he was horst with a current he could not tell how above 1 d. 30 m. which all men know is 30 leag so that he was to the S. ward of Buttons Iland This day when he came to observe thinking he had bin in the mouth of the strait it proved otherwise the wind cóming contrary as at W and by S. some hopes were taken away that he should not insist any further for that yeare but that himselfe had framed a sound resolution to continue and persever From the 16 untill this day he plyed to the West and was faire by land not 3 leag of the sounding he had no ground in latit 61. 50. The wind N N E. and N E. cleare weather This day he espied land on the S. shore nere Cape Charles but to the E. ward he espyed a little Iland where he stood into a Bay to water and anchored in 25 fath fine fishing ground but catcht none he had land bore round from the N N W. to the E by N. the Ilands Lat. 62 d. 19 m. variat 3 d. 9 m. and here he had a tyde which minding the setting and flowing may cause some Argument of strong consequence to prove a passage that way on this Iland he caught Ducks here he found it to flow 21 foote water the tyde setting S E. and the flood from N W. and in this place a S. E. Moone makes a full Sea He sent the Mrs. Mate and Carpenter with others in the boat to rowe about the Iland and when it bore S. E. of them they had 74 fath halfe a mile from land a strong set tide from E. This day he set saile from this Iland the wind E S E. much wind all day This day in the morning he met with much yce This day he run 35 leag W. by N. but the last day at night he reckned himselfe to be at the westermost Cape on the N. side This day he run 25 leag W by N. but the last day he sawe land and thought it had bin Silisbury and Nottinghams Ilands but it proved the N. Mayne he sailed along W. by N. and W by S. with a stiffe gale at E N E. he found this land to be thicke with yce and very low and run 30 leag along by it The first of August he espyed this land and sailed along in 67 89 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 fat rocky ground as he stood to the S. ward it was white sand his lat was 63 d. 30 m. variat 27-he found an Iland sayling along the shore the depth betweene which and the Mayne was 70 fath This day he sailed along the N W. with fayre weather and easie wind This day he stood away S W. and anchored in 45 fath clay ground This morning he weighed and stood N W.
3 leag and being faire weather the water shoalding to 30 fath he anchored againe still finding a pretty soaking current setting most an end N W. and S E. This morning clock 8 he anchored againe having but new weighed because of the Fog This morning clocke 4 he weighed and stood away W N W. with S E. wind true course 5 leag and was in 63 d. 50 m. having a swelling Sea out of the Westerboard the water waxed deepe from 30 to 50 fath and the ground was hard channell ground from 12 to 4. he sailed N W. by N. 6 leagues but found no ground and supposed he saw the W. land bore N N W. from him From 4 untill 8 he stood away N. and by E. 5 leag at 8 he sets tacks aboard and stood N E by S. in a deep gut this day he had 45 fath at clocke 4. at 5 he had 8 fath and at 8 he had 65 the land bearing N N W. and N W. This day at the dawning the land bore N W. and he stood along it N E. true course he had sounding 25 and 30 fath and anchored at clocke 8 and weighed againe presently the land bore E. and had sounding all day the further N. ward the deeper water this writer saith he iudged it to be Salibury I le he sailed N E the forenoone some 7 leag in the afternoone N N E. for so the land did lye towards the bottome of the Bay the latit was 64 d. 30 m. variat 23 d. 10 m. the part of this land bore from him N N E. fine low plaine land The 8 in the morning he was perswaded it was a bay but that he will not say he was this day calming and did thinke that there was no tide here but sending his boate on shoare found 20 foot ebbing and flowing and sport enough for them all for in â— houres space he saw in conscience as good as 300 Deare as fat as butter but caught none for his intent was to travell as good as 2 miles hoping to have seene the Sea on the other side but could not 9 This day clock 8. to 12. he run 6 leag W N W. from 12 he steered away as the land would give him leave W S W. and W a fine shoalding coast and dainety sounding shelly ground from 10 to 16 fathomes heere he had a little current set W N W. this as he iudged is all broken land latit 63 deg 40 min. variat 23 d. 30 m. 10 The wind was at S E and by E. the farther to the Westward the shoalder water they iudge themselves to be shot so farre to the W. ward as Sea Horse Poynt because of the coast trenching to Southerly his boate rid with her Grapnet and found a pretty streame 11 This day he was in 63 d. 40 min. latit the land bearing from him S W. and trenching along to the S. being in this lat they thought themselves farre shot to the Westwards within Sea Horse poynt and so returned backe againe for the Bay where they were in almost 65 deg to the N. wards but he altered his mind and stood for Diggs his Iland to try the tyde N E by N. Northerly from thence where he turned out of the Bay of Sea Horse 24 leag 12 This day the wind was E. and by S thick weather 13 From the last day to this day noone he was becalm'd in thicke weather 14 From the last day noone till this he made way 9 leag E S E. and 2 leag N W. 14 He tryed the tyde and found as strong a streame at this time as you have here in the Thames it set S E. and N W. he followed it to see whether it would carry him at clocke 8 at night he anchored and wayed againe at 8 next morning and to 12. he run 4 leag N W by N. from 12 to night 10 leag and he had souâ—â—â—â—g 60 and 70 fath but anchored in 30. 16 This morning 4. he wayed and stood to the N. ward but thought he was stopt by land and therefore bore up the helme for England not oâ— that he was out of hope of a passage for that he will never say 17 From the last day untill this S. W. 8 leag he tackt to the N. ward this morning he was in sounding 70 60 59 fath 18 From the last noone to this he drove N E. 6 leag both these last dayes were thick weather 19 To this day noone 20 knots S E. and 10 knots S W. 20 To this day noone 20 leag S E. the wind W. and foggy 21 To this day noone he run 20 leag S E. thicke weather and he was in 61 d. 15 m. latit and sounding he had 86 fath 22 To this day noone 15 leag E by S. at noone it was cleare weather and he was in 6â— d. 40 m. latit and he saw land to the N. off him and had sounding from 45 40 36 fath 23 This day he was in latit 62 d. 00 m. in the morning the land bore S. off him and they judge it to be the N. shore or Cape he had sounding 9 and 19 fath and had run from last day 22 leag E by N. and 6 leag S he had sounding along the land 17 or 18 fath fine beach land and stiffe a gale at N W. 24 From the last day to this 23 leag S E. and 9 leag E by S. and this morning he fell with land which he tooke to be the Kings Forland it bore S E. 9 leag off and latit 61 d. 30 m. this day the Pinnace stole from them as they thinke upon puroose 25 From this day at noone N N W. 8 leag and N E by N. 9 leag sounding was 40 and 45 fath 26 This day at noone they saw the same breach that they parted from and was by observation in latit 62 deg 10 min. variat 26 deg the wind was at S E. and they thought themselves on the W. side of Mansfield Ile 2 leagues off and had deepe 16 or 18 fath 27 From last noone to this he run 27 leag true course N by E. and were in latit of 60 d. the wind at E S E. this night at clock 10 the fogge came the next morning it cleered but he had no ground at 100 fath he tackt about to the S. ward till next morning and then to the N. ward but at noone could have no observation 28 This morning 8 he tackt to the S for he saw a firme land of Ice from last day to this N E. 12 leag and 7 leag S E because of the Ice at clocke 10 he had 80 fath 29 From last day to this 10 leag S E. and 3 leagues N E and sounding had no ground 30 From last day to this was fog they got but little to the E. ward and sounding had no ground and latit 62 d. 40 min. 31 From the last to this 10
this hot weather doth fast dissolve them This night clocke 2 came a small Iland of Ice brought up with the latter flood and by his draught being deeper in the Tydes way then the flact or masht Ice had a greater motion continued by the undertyde then that which had inclosed us of which we were fast unto one of the biggest content to wit 3 Acres this Iland did drive right with us and but that some few masht Ice interposed thereby diverting the course thereof some 2 or 3 ships length it had drove directly upon us and had crusht us mainely if not to peeces it being â— or 10 fathomes above water and if it had boarded us being undermined by the waters continuall working the outside thereof by that shake might have fallen into the ship and have sunke her this was the greatest danger we were in since I came into Fretum Hudson the fault being in the watch who did not call that we might have set the ship the one way or the other about the peece we were fast unto before we were so ingaged as I could doe neither about one houre after the said Iland tooke his recourse backe againe to the East with the ebbe faster then the other ice could doe This morning 8 the Sunne was up before we saw it Da 1 Moneths July the day was warme and close but calme so as I could not stirre for want of wind the straight doth cleere and this N. land that hath continued with us since we departed with Resolution it now bearing from E. and by S. to N. by E. if Baffinn writ truely that Resolution is an Iland separate from this then is this another though formerly taken for the N. Maine and longer as shall be showne at my returne homeward the tyde doth set as the land doth lie South-East and Northwest This night 7 it was an Ayre farre better then a younger brother the ice well thinn'd I caused the ship to be loosed and by that time the Master with the boat was come from killing of Fowle I stood to the N. about foure miles this fayre day being at an end I made fast set the watch and went to Cabbin This morning 2 an easie gale breathed from the E. by South which caused mee to send to the boatswaine to call up the Company where a chiefe one amongst us being too suddenly awaked speaking something peevishly I told the rest that the matter was not great for the children did so when they were awaked out of their sleep I began now to find the want of a Shallop which at home I did so earnestly desire for my Cocke boat would nor Rowe noâ— Sayle to any purpose so as I durst hardly send her from me for when it was any billow she was not to be rowed and with saile to windward shee would doe nothing although I had caused a large Lee board to be made to helpe her This Meridianall observation the wind came West and I was in 61 d. 57. m. and stood in close to this inremarkeable shore so all the land within this straight may be called for it is all shoring or descending from the highest mountaine to the Sea Whereon the Snow falling by degrees doth presse Da 2 and burthen it selfe making the masse more solid which at the Spring time when it loosneth from the earth it s own weight doth force downward into the Sea being all composed of Moneths July fresh water it may be conceived that the most Ice we meete in this passage in thus ingendred in the Vallies betwixt the Mountaines is some Snow undesolved We are now cleere of chattered Ice yet in sight are some Islands about which wee can compasse as we please here lyeth many small Ilands close by the Mayne and there doth appeare to be fayre sounds into the land upon the Sea this calme time that hath beene doth swimme a kind of corrupt slime one may thinke it may come by generation of great fishes for it feeles soft and unctious but put it into the fire it will not burne I doe thinke that all this time of our imprisonment this North shore hath beene free as I could espie it at Hiperions going downe which valed with a blacke Skreene of moyst Fogge wet through our Coates before we see it againe this fayre dayes Westwind blew cold and uncouth from out the passage wee are all upon kinde tearmes drinking one to another God hold it This morning the Sunne lickt up the Fogges dew as soone Da 3 as hee began to rise and made a shining day of it I cannot say hot it being counter-checkt by a coole Top-sayle Gale from West North-West which made our Noses runne the cleare day emboldened me to stand within two leagues of land to the deepe of 32 fathomes the ground white sand and gray with shels the water was falling the houre 11 before noone the Sunne and Moone in opposition a good Tyde set along the shoare to the Northwards the Sunne set cleare it was faire weathen and calme the ship drove along the shore this night to the Westward This morning at clocke one I called to lanche the Boate to send to shore to try the Tyde and against that time that I could send to land I had drawne those instructions following and giving them to Iohn Coatesworth whom I appointed alway to goe in the boate at whose returne I expected an account These are the Instructions First You shall take with you into the boate one halfe houre glasse one halfe minute glasse one logge and line cleane Paper one Pensill of blacke Leade and one Compasse with Moneths July some peeces of Iron Secondly One quarter Saw two Axes three Carbins Guns with Powder and Shot two or three Lances two Swords two Pikeaxes and every man his one day bread Thirdly At your departure from the ship turne the halfe houre and when it is neere out set your Logge to goe by the halfe minute that thereby you may estimate the distance betweene the ship and land as also what the boate can rowe an houre Fourthly When you shall approch neere the shore in the Tydes way I meane cleare of Bay-point or Rocke Anchor the Boat sound the deepe and marke the Tyde how it doth set and by your Logge what it doth passe in the halfe minute having rode there for halfe a Glasse weigh your Anchor and goe to land and duely observe what quantity of water it doth flow or fall perpendiculer in one Glasse whether the heightening or lessening be equall in every Glasse while yee stay or noe Fifthly Being thus on land with your Compasse set all Lands or Islands in sight draw the forme with your Paper and Pensill and estimate their distance Sixtly Remember I give you no libertie to goe within the land yet if for recreation goe no further then the full Sea marke and armed leaving two to keepe the Glasse and Boat looke for stones of Orient colour or of weight
for that purpose I made loose againe presently because the Masters mate was of opinion that it was cleare to the W. or at least that was the cleerest way for my parte I had no more purpose to have tryed betweene Salisbury and the N. Maine or Mill I le so named by Byâ—ot for Mill Ile being a great Iland lying in the middle of the N. Channell must needs straiten all the ice that fleets from the N W. yet for the good of the Voyage it was fit to try all conclusions but thus striving to the W. we were presently inclosed againe where we lay vntill the next morning all too nere the Iland if I could have got further off This night had a stiffe gale at West with one showre of raine the Sunne was obscured 2 howres before night and wee slept safe in our old Innes I cald at clocke 3. and by 6. with haleing saleing toweing Da 12 and pulling wee were got cleere and thought to have gone about the East end of the Iland but the flood faceing of the winde had choaked all the East end sotheir being one glade or cleere betweene the shoare and the Channell ice we plide it up therein for 2 or 3 miles but comming nere the W. end it was all choaked there so shutting betweene one and another for the N. Mayne I stood to see what better comfort but at halfe straite ouer I was forcd backe againe for ice and Fogge. Well wee stand againe for Salisburies Ile of which I was now assured and so named by my predecessour Hudson after the right honourable and not to be forgot Robert Cicell Earle of Salisbury then Lord high Treasurer Da 12 Moneths Iuly of England an honourable furtherer and Adventurer in this designe as well as in others as appeareth by Sir Walter Raleigh in his Guianian discoveries in my standing over I espied a glade wherein I hoped if I did returne I might recover the N. Maine wherefore I called to tackle about the ship The Master not seeing what was on the weather Bowe bid the helme man put on Lee the ship obeying her helme presently answered so as in her winding her way being not fully ended she checkt upon a peece or ice and twined off her cut water which was before the stemme thus constrained I bore up the helme and went along to the East end of the I le and makeing fast to a peece of Ice the Carpenter made good againe the hurt wee had received in the meane time our men went to supper the afternoone was more then seven houres old before this was done then I called againe to make loose for I thought that the ice was now with winde and ebbe well cleared from the East end of the Iland as it proved but many discontented and doubtfull speeches past but to no purpose for I must runne to discover this losse time when motion was made to make fast againe which I denyed for these reasons that wee could see the Sea to be reasonable free and cleere at the East end from the Iland and the South Channell would be to be dealt withall or if not the passage was forbidden untill the ice were dissolved and to fasten nere the land I would upon no condition listen unto for the winde comming to blow to land I must upon necessity bee put thereon the Shippe alwayes pulling the ice she was fast unto faster then the other could drive and for anckoring there was none if the land had not beene steepe to for the Eddie Tides which every Rocke Bay or poynt made would have wheeled the Shippe about in the ice so as it had not beene possible to have kept my rudder from breakeing and amongst ice there was no loosing of any saile to have beaten it off shoare It seemeth these reasons had the force of perswasion for wee willingly past about the I le to the South as well where we found all over laid with ice so that wee must make fast having toyled thus all day untill night I thought it fit to Moneths July repose This morning clocke 4. I called to make loose wee Da 13 had much to doe to get cleere being all fast immured it was easie wind I could perceive by the bearing of the land that we had drove above 2 miles S. wards now wee thredneedles to the East hopeing at further distance from the I le to get cleare into the South channell at clocke 10 the West winde brought on thick Fogges so as we could not see one hole to peepe through the ice inclosed us and there we lay it blew hard untill clocke 7. then it both calmed and cleared I loosed and plying 2 leagues to the Southwards had the South Maine in sight from the South-East to the S West All this day untill night 7. we kept our colde lodging and Da 14 then looseing with an easie breath from N E. we minneâ—nd betwixt ice and ice S Westward untill we got cleare in which time came under the sheering of our head easie to have been strooke if our provisions had beene ready a Sea Vnicorne He was of length about 9 foot black ridged with a small fin theron his taile stoode crosse his ridge and indented between the pickends as it were on either side with 2 Scallop shels his side dapled purely with white and blacke his belly all milke white his shape from his gils to his taile was fully like a Makarell his head like a to Lobster wherout the fore-part grewe forth his twined horne above 6 foote long all blacke save the tip This evening I had sight of 20 more the Sun set cleare and this easie gale continued from the E N E. all night wee stood S W. having the straite cleare to the S. This delicate morning the ice seemed to trent from Salisburies Da 15 Ile into the middle channell I caused the sailes to be clewed up and lie untill Sols beautifull appearance and at that fit opportunity wet the lead in 60 fath The E end of Salisbury lying N by E. from me about 4 leag the W. end which is Salisburies plaine N W. about 4 leag of Nottingham at that instant peeping out from beyond it about 7 leag off I stood to the S. into â…“ of the channell shooting shuttles in the old loome and heare the lead fell downe 160 fath before ground made it stay it brought from thence such stones as lye upon the most of the ice here in this part of the passage especially brought from the Mayne cleaving to the Ice by winters frost Moneths July more broad then thicke at whose dissolving they fall to the bottome and the yeerely Ice since the generall Deluge bringing in such quantity cannot chuse but have covered all the upper part of the Seas bottome there all this ice is but chattered no great Ilands since we came by the I le of Gods Mercy so that here may be a plaine argument remonstrated that the Tide
setting more strongly into Fretum Hudson then the ebbe doth set forth doth haile in those mountaines bred in the W. side of Fretum Davis into Fretum Hudson as they are passing by to the South As also this may be noted that here and especially nere within the mouth of this strait the Compasse doth almost loose his sensitive part not regarding his magneticall Azimuth without much stirring the smooth water may be some cause the Ship wanting her active motion but I should strange that the cold should benum it as it doth us Nay I should rather thinke that the sharpenesse of the ayre interposed betwixt the needle and his attractive point may dull the power of his determination or here may be some mountaines of the one side or the other whose Minerals may detaine the nimblenesse of the needles mooving to his respective poynt but this I leave to Phylosophie By this time the kind E N E. breese hath brought me nere the Iland of Nottingham and I am making ready to send the boate on land within 2 miles to try the tyde having cast the lead amongst shels and stones 35 fathomes deepe Sir Dudly Diggs his Iland bare from mee W S W. the E. part of Nottingham E S E. the Pole elevated 63 d. 12 m. and comming betwixt Cape Wolstenholme and the E. end of Nottingham at noon I met the ebbe comming from the N W. as I could perceive by the overfalls I towed my boate into 19. fathomes and sent her on land driving along the Iland untill her returne These Iles as Resolution Salisbury and Nottingham are Da 15 high at the East end and low at the West this Iland was also named by Master Hudson in due bequest to that most honourable Lord Charles Hawvrd Earle of Nottingham then Lord high Admirall of England a small remembrance for the charge countenance and instruction given to the Search of the enterprise and though smaller yet being by his Lordship Moneths July accepted neither time nor fame ought to suffer oblivion to burie for whensoever it shall please God to ripen those seedes and make them readie for his sickle whom he hath appoynted to be the happie reaper of this crop must remember to acknowledge that those honourable and worthy personages were the first Advancers The boate went at clocke 5 in the afternoone they were away 5 glasses it was flood and in one houre it flowed 10 inches they said that it had 2 houres to slow and had about 2 foot to high they brought a little fire-wood and 3 stint birds they found the foundation of an old Tent at their comming on board the W. end of the land bore N and by E. the S E. end S by E. I edged off untill I brought the N W end N E. the E. end E by S. there I caused the boate to anckor in 60 fathomes the tide came from S E. 2 leag a watch We see great store of Sea Mors playing by the Ilands side from thence I directed the course S W. with carrying away with stiffe gale from S E with both top sailes a trip all the night being twi-light clear some few Ice was in the way but by the helpe of the same thankes be to God wee shunned them This morning clocke 8. I had sight of Mansils Ile for I fell right with the North end thereof it is lowe land but the highest is to the East at that instant I had also sight of Sir Dudly Diggs his Iland and I was not certaine whether I saw the East Mayne or no for a fogge came on presently Master Hudson also named this Iland of Sir Dudlie Diggs a gentleman who hath planted many of the best Vines in this Vineyard succeeding his father and Grandfather in the Mathematicks whose learned knowledge together with his purse added no small proportion to this building to whom my selfe and many others of my quallity shall be still beholden while times age continues This afternoone was 2 fogges 2 cleares the 3 was wet fog at clocke 7. I thought I see Cape Pembrooke upon N. Mayne at clocke 4. before I had 90. fath this afternoone wee see many Sea-Mors and had store of Ice W from this Iland of Sir Robert Mansils I thinke so named by Sir Thomas Button as also Cape Pembrooke Southampton and Carie Swans nest the last most eminent of the 3. I stood as ice would give leave S W. and to the Westward at clocke 8. wee clewd up Moneths July all sailes and drive 2 leag in 18 houres The next morning 4. wee had 120 fath owsie grownd at 7. before the deepe was but 96. here we see Sea-Mors had one sight of the Sunne in the afternoone and all this day we heard the Sea beate upon the ice to windward of us Wee stood 2 glasses to the North with wind at East to get Da 18 cleare off the ice wee drive in all this last night and had those depths at 55. 55. 54. the lead brought up a little white Corrall I set saile this day at clocke 4. and thought then that I see land at N. it was hazie and at clock 12 I thought I had got as much as I lost the day before I pusled all this day amongst the ice and at night was glad to make fast to a peece whereon was a white Beare the ice here is not so dirty as it hath been and I iudge my selfe now not farre from Carie Swans nest Was foggie and calme the wind all over the afternoone Da 19 began to cleare the Beare came againe and wee pursued him from ice to ice he swimming and diving at length the Master kild him with a lance and wee made about 12 gallons of oyle of him although he was but young some of it wee eate boyld without any taste at all but like beefe but being roasted it tasted oylie and rammish This night was cleare above head but fog bankes about the Horizon at clocke 12 there was Pettiedancers or henbanes as some write them North in the firmament betokening a storme to follow within 24 houres there was many Starres also in appearance as those of note Charles-Wayne Auriga Botes and Antonius I could have no observation for ice and fogge dimmed the horizon I thought I see land againe at clocke 8. and had deepe 70 fathomes The Master cald to make loose this morning and all those Da 20 3 or 4 dayes wee have beene fast I cold not observe any thing of the tydes set yet I doe account wee are not far from Carie Swans Nest Wee steered as ice would suffer betweene W N W. and W S W. and did iudge wee made way about 4. leagues and one mile easie winde and reasonable cleare at clocke 9. wee make fast to the ice a reasonable Moneths Iuly distance from a low Iland as I seemed for it thought I could see both ends Vpon sight hereof I caused the Boate to be anchored betweene the ship
and Iland in 30 fathomes the tyde went E. 2 knots the land lay E and West but I could not fully say it was an Iland for it lay like a Ridge or to Simily it like to the Retyres in the mouth of the River of Saine in Normandie I do hold that all those peeces of ice here are ingendered about those low Capes and Bayes as Mansils also is where easie tides goe they are soone frose over the Snow falling there on thickneth them so that by degrees they increases the Pettiedancere brought nor sent us any storme this night ended in raine and it was easie wind from the E N E. Wee made from the Ice this morning to stand to the land Da 21 we see last night it was ebbe tyde and set to the E. and I plide alongst it to find a fit place for the boate to land in it was iust at low water for they were glad to stay the setting of their glasse untill the tyde began to flowe And after that time clock 10. they staied untill it began to fall viz. 4 houres and so I accounted on shipboard riding upon 6 fath nere shoare the water so transparent as you might easily see the bottome the ice comming upon us we weyed Anchor the wind came gently from the N. we stood it upon the tyde to and againe along the land loofing and wareing from ice which came driving with the flood At their comming on board their accompt was this that the tyde did flowe but 4. howres and that it heightned but 6. foote and this was 2 dayes after the Coniunction of the Sunne and Moone so that the flood began at ½ past 10. and ended at ½ past 2. by this a South and by W. Moon makes a full Sea and the tydes motion ends with the flowing assuredly this was Carie Swans nest for both from East and West ends it stretcheth to the North our men chast Swans on shoare but got none they say there is earth strange Mosse Quag-myres and water plashes at clocke 4. I tocke leave and stood along from 6. fathomes into 30 loosing sight thereof and from thence I stood to the Westward◠with North-West wind close haled leaving both th◠Cape and the Ice behinde mee for the Sea Mors to sleepe upon there being good store thereabout Moneths July From the Cape or Swannes Nest this noone-tyde I was Da 22 16 leagues and one mile no ground at 70 fathomes for I was loth to stay the ship at any time me thought sayling had been uncouth but at 4 this morning I had 90 fathomes owzy ground thicke weather the wind easie and shifting betwixt N and N W. my way was to Southward of West This Meridian I was in 61 deg 37 min. at 8 the last day I Da 23 tooke the ship about and made way untill this day 12 11 leagues 2 miles N W. ½ W. it hath beene a faire cleare day easie winds the ayre warme and no Ice since I came into this Sea I did but thinke I saw land at N E. by E. This smooth Sea hath a small set from the West with lippering rising and falling as other Shallow Seas use to have the deepe last night was 115 fathomes I made way to this day 12 N W. by W. ½ W. 13 leagues This close morning hid the Sunne untill noone we being Da 24 in 120 fathomes the afternoone was cleare and gently breathed from W N W. I have not tryed for fish in this Sea as I did in Fretum Hudson where I got none I thanke God here we have not the like leisure here are some Seales but few Fowles the latitude of noone was 62 deg 20 min. here appeares to be more Riplins of Tyde the variation by Azimuth and Almicanter was 26 deg 31. min. at most the Sunne went cleare to bed and at midnight we had 60 fathomes deepe This morning Amplitude was 5 deg the Refraction is Da 25 great here and the Horizons thicke which begets uncertainties besides the Needle yet is very slow in comming to his respective point I now hope for warmer weather and clearer Sea than heretofore at noone I had 55 fathomes in latitude to 62 deg 36 min. since last day I made way N by E. 18 leagues faire weather the Sunne went downe cleare Ioy to our Antipodes the Henban flashing all night was a Da 26 hot day in as England in the morning I had 58 fathomes and white Corall the latitude 63 deg 20 min. the way since last day was N. 4 deg East 18 leagues since clocke 4 wee lay Larbord Tack N. W. it was a few drops of raine this Evening yet the Sunne set cleare and wee had deepe 65 fathomes at midnight and then was in the Ayre many Pettie-dancers The last night was so hot as it dryed up 15 fathomes water Moneths Iuly Da 27 for this morning we had but 50 the wind was betweene W and N N W. here was great store of Rockeweed and Tangle In the Ripline of a Tide I caused the boat to be lanched in 31 fathomes the Tyde came from N. by W. ½ a mile in an houre All this day the fog banks hath deceived mee but now I am sure I see land both the maine and Ilands of which there are many lying about 2 leagues into the Sea all ragged and broken rocks within this land bore from N. E. by E. to W. by S. here are great store of fish leaping and fairer weather cannot be I have sent the boat to land and to my comfort three things I could espie by the shore that it was flood Tyde and that it came from the Southward and that it doth flow and fall very much water before we came neere the Iland wee came over a banke of 8 fathomes and neerer the Iland we fell into 15. there seeming upon the land to be Poles erected and buildings of stone and other hillocks like Haycocks The boat went on land at clocke 6. and stayed 3 glasses or one houre and ½ in which time it flowed neere sixe foot it was flood before they went for while they were rowing to shore I did observe it had flowed at least 3 foot by certain rocks that were dry at our first approach they say that it had about 9 foot to flow at clocke 8. the tide returned and set to S. W. ward which sheweth that it runs halfe tide or else the Main beyond it is an Iland about which the tyde may have an uncontrary course as in some of the Sounds of the Iland of Selly at Englands W. end this Iland doth lie in 64 d. 10. m. of latitude and I took this place to be the N. E. side of Sir Thomas Buttons ut ultra I could see to the N. E. ward of this at least 10 leagues but no land at E. or S. E. it being as cleare an evening as could be imagined the land to be seene was from the N N. E. to the
there was store of Deere in that Iland I tooke it to be 6 or 7 miles long but they thought it to be parted in two it is all shelves and ridges betwixt the shore and it making as it were a Bay betweene the North land which is high and the South for all the land to South of this is all low land except 3 or 4 places neere unto the West part of Hudsons West Bay where Captaine Iames wintered they say in comming on board hard by the Iland they did espie 40 Whales some say lesse but it seemeth there were many lying there to sleepe so as they tooke them for Rocks they say there is a Cove or Harbour made by small Ilands that a ship may ride in safety for all weathers and have two â—athomes at low water it is on the Eastside the Masters mate told me he wisht the ship therein because there was a bolt in the Stemme which stucke out since the Cut-water was twined off and that it was dangerous to hurt a Cable if wee should Anchor I said wee might Anchor 100 times and yet have kept the Cable cleare from the bolt by letting fall an Anchor of the weather bowe but to conclude Moneths July the time was so farre spent to neglect the opportunity of Discovering to put into harbour for such a trifle When I had stood W. S. W. away from this Iland twelve Da 30 leagues I hal'd in againe W. by N. as I see the Ridges and broken lands stretch and keeping the West Maine alwayes in sight many Ridges did appeare which to goe to Seaward off I stood S W. and by W. for here is dangerous sayling in the clearest weather yet I must not part from sight of the Maine for making my discovery exactly our Deepes from Brooke Cobham have beene 37. 40. 35. 30. fathomes Thanks be given to God it is and hath been long time faire weather and now faire windes from land which makes the better discovering we have still of those Henbans or Pettie-dancers but no storme I Anchored a thwart a little Iland twelve leagues from Brooke Cobham the Master with the boat went on land where it was low water about ½ an houre before 8. at night within this Iland he sees other Ilands and Ledges at low water so as he thought he could have gone on foote to the Maine from hence wee see other Ilands bearing W. S. W. at this Iland the Salvages had been and there was great store of Sea Pigeons thereon he brought alive a dunne Foxe on board and had encountred two Seamors whereof hee launc'd one but for want of helpe they both got away they brought on board good store of Scurvie-grasse which I caused to be pounded and the juyce to be prest forth and put into a Hogshead of strong Beare with command that every one that would should have a pint to his mornings draught but none would taste it untill it was past time and themselves almost past meanes The Master told me he had named this Iland Dunne Foxe Iland after his owne name and the Foxes colour which I liked well The Tyde came from Northeast and it flowed about twelve foote water now I began to know that I went from the Tyde for sayling from this Tyde I lost the passage but I must still follow instruction and hope I wayed at the Masters comming aboord clocke 9. in the Evening standing away with those Ilands the day light had shewed me the Direction was West South West as they Moneths July bore the deepe 7 8 10 15 12. fathomes I altered the course more Southerly for deeper water and going South-West had 12 15 12 10. and so to 25 fathome from 9. to 4 a Clocke I stood still away with flood South West ebbe West untill 8 a clocke in 35 30 20. all to Starreboard was Ridges and broken lands even close to the Maine this night was something darke the Sunne declines fast Southward and wee sayling as fast the same way must needes darken the nights a pace especially those that are thicke and clouded as this was All this morning watch from foure to eight it rained but Da 31 was faire weather all day after untill towards night it was halfe an houres fogge betweene three and foure in the afternoone after that came North windes raine and wet fogge all night the steering was foure leagues West South West the deepes from 30 26 to 6 fathomes With this wind from land I bore in amongst the Ilands fearing to loose the Maine at any time standing in betwixt West and West North West as the wind veered or haled my depth was sixeteene fathomes but amongst those Ilands wee came in sundry Over-falls of sixe fathomes and had brought them to beare severally from me North-East by North North by West West South West South West by West at night clocke tenne I came to Anchor in seven fathomes it fell three foote water after that Anchoring the weather was wette fogge the flood put in foureteene foote water it did not fall any water from clocke eleven untill foureteene Glasses were out the flood was so small being inclosed with Ilands as it did not make the ship port yet blowing but to Course and Bonnet it kept the Tide in seven houres I durst not hazzard any further within these Ilands untill I sent the boate to make tryall who sounded from seven fathomes to tenne foot I named those Ilands Brigges his Mathematickes This morning the Master and I in the Maine top might Da 1 see two Ridges dry which last evening wee came hard by I doe thinke that in Winter the windy stormes puts in some flowings of water incredible to be beleeved in respect of other places for it may be perceived that the water hath Moneths August been upon the land and Ilands higher by five or sixe fathome then the usuall Spring-Tydes as also our men did perceive the same at Carie Swannes Nest Being satisfied for what concerned this place I weyed and stood to Sea in sixe fathomes the least water fearing to deale any more within the Ilands when I was cleare I went to the old course againe S. W. by S. but the land flying me I hal'd in West and had water from 14 to 6 fathome uneven ground the land met me againe stretching more to S. and had many humlocks therein I stood toward it W. and W. S. W. so neere as I durst for shoale water at which time I dare presume it was seven miles from me and yet I had but 6 7 or 10 fathome I runne off along time before I came into 20 fathome and in this wearing off I came by two dry ridges that had been farre without me I Anchored at night in 25 fathomes 10 leagues S. S. W. from the land and Ilands which I roade amongst last night the Tyde came S. S. W. This faire morning I waited at clocke 6. and stood along Da 2 West Southwest having
hath been dangerous From a boord wee see a Stag trotting from Port Nelson Da 18 along the sand we mand our boat presently but before they got to shore he tooke up over a Valley into the woods where they mist him I caused the Crosse which we found to be newly raised and this inscription of lead nailed thereon Moneths August I suppose this Crosse was first erected by Sir Thomas Button 1613. it was againe raised by Luke Foxe Capt. of the Charles in the right and possession of my dâ—ead Soveraigne Charles the first King of Great Brittaine France and Ireland defender of the Faith the 15 of August 1631. This land is called New Wales The wind being E S E. I could not yet come to Sea wherefore Da 19 I sent the Capenter upon the S side to fell the likeliest of 5 trees the Master had made choyse off to serve us for a Mayne yard and not one of them but was rotten within the wind doth begin to come about the Mrs. mate and I fetcht one boate lading of firewood this afternoone the Whales have now left to come in but my cheifest going on land was to see where the highest tyde this spring had left his marke and found it to have slowen 14 foote but the tydes at height of this spring were inforcd in with E S East and E N East windes or else they would not have slowed above 1. 2 foote This night 10. were many Pettiedancers I hope faire weather to come yet have wee had such as I pray our neighbours in England have no worse and then they cannot have better harvest weather to have in their crop and though this may be thought nothing pertinent to the History of a Sea Iournall yet having been disswaded from this voyadge in respect of the ice I may thus much write for the incouragement of others that may happen to navigate this way God giving good successe to this enterprise that a Sea voyage of discovery to a place unknowne and farre remote and in the like clime cannot be taken in hand with more health ease and pleasure I am sure it hath beene warme ever since we came from the yce The wind came about I sent the Pinnace on land to ballast Da 20 and to bring one broad stone to make a fire upon in her which I had formerly marked for that purpose at Port Nelson they found a board broken in two the one halfe quite gone whereon had beene the Kings Armes and inscription of the time of Sir Thomas Button his owne name when and why he tooke Harbour with other expressions This peice of board I brought away for I was undersaile when the Pinnace came on board so as I could not goe on Moneths August shore againe otherwise I would have endevoured to have renued the same as the act of my noble predecessors This ebbe I came to Seawards but for feare of shoale-water I Anchored in 4 fathome having little wind to chase the ship and a strong ebbe feare call'd what I had observed at my in comming into my remembrance so as I durst hazzard no farther whiles flood came and now I must adde one word or two to what is before concerning this dangerous river which I would be loath to seek in thick weather of either side the S. is best but is flat a great way off and Rockie ground the best of the deepe is â…” Channell to S. there is 12 fathomes in the entrance in one place wee chafed our Cables sore against the stones of which you might see 4 or 5 drie in the river at once the last quarter ebbe come swiftest in Spring-tydes it flowed 3 foot before the tyde set up the tyde returned to the Sea at a full Sea on shore The Sun and Moone did both set cleare this night In this River wee got no reliefe but one Duck heere a N. W. Moone maketh a full Sea I wayed againe about halfe flood and stood to Sea from 6. fathomes to 10. and Anchored in high water in 9 fathomes cleare ground making ready to ply or sayle the next flood for now I am to discover to the East betweene this and Master Hudson his West Bay of which I must onely making a journall their being nothing else of note In the morning I tooke the Cocke-boat into the ship with Da 21 the flood I stood to the S. E. and went into the Pinnace at the ship sterne to see her fitted to sayle wee came to 7 and 5 fathomes the land full of woods but lowe and stretched here E. and by N. from the Rivers mouth here is good smooth and even ground if any occasion were hereafter to use it the land is faire to be seene at 10 fathomes deepe upon the hatches the wind easie from S. S. W. and we stood 2 or 3 leagues in 7. fathoms we were at noon in 57 d. 10 m. all this night I could well discerne the land as I stood under sayle standing S. E. the land met us this hot Meridian but I was not in observation Da 22 after dinner with easie wind I tooke the Pinnace to sayle to shore but it fell to be calme and wee Romed all the way and therein found a white Beare which we kild coÌ„ming toshore it was â—lat and many great stones lay at the low water mark we were no sooner landed but we spied a blacke cloud at N. by W. when presently we see the ship had handed both top-sayles Moneths August so as I was constrained to leave this uninhabited shore and stand to the ship without erecting any thing thereon which we recovered but our coats were wet through first and yet the ship was come to us within 5 fathomes upon the Maine we stood along with land in sight where there appeared to be a Cape the land trenting more S. from our bowe we stood off and on all night from 7 to 20 fathomes I packt away along the land as neere as can be thought to Da 23 lie S. E. by E. the morning was faire yet the Sunne was vaied this calme afternoone we see 3 Beares in the Sea 5 miles from land the Mr kild them in the Pinnace this day we tryed the tyde 4 times and it set alwayes from the E. wards we are now so far from his primum mobile as I thinke it not worthy the looking after yet account must be taken this night the Sunne set cleare as could be and it was easie wind I have seene all the land hither from Port Nelson as I did before I came there but I cannot see any high land nor find any deepe water I would gladly see that comfort and then I would say that the M. were in the increase howsoever I thanke God it doth make the nights grow the lighter the ship is Anchored the watch is set a marke set on the lead-line sleep like a theefe doth slily steale upon me at 12 this night the tide did slacke I
call'd to lift the anchor from the ground bring the ship Da 24 to saile the other dayes N. N. W. wind doth make the Seas swelling still continue now the wind S. E. by S. I must stop the ebbes and ply the floods the distance were too tedious and to small purpose to insert here Prayers being ended I called to heave up anchor at clock 8 Da 25 we anchored again this day we made good way to the E S E. and in one Ripling had 40 fathomes land faire in sight upon the hatches but this great comfort was not a furlong long for the water shoaled to the old rate againe presently this night was calme with much raine I had up my anchor clocke 5 and stood along to the East Da 26 sometimes E. S. E sometimes S. E. as the land lay or met mee at noone it came fog â— anchored for 1 houre it clearing up again after dinner I see the land trent to the S. wards wherefore I tooke the Pinnace and went within 2 miles of a point that lay upon our Bowe as we were at anchor nere which point all the land was belaid with round Rocks and all along the shore were ledges of the same and halfe a mile without us Moneths August towards the ship I stood off to give the ship warning thereof who had espied the same before I came to them so I stood into the shore which lay S. along the ship came along in sixe fathomes and I had 4 hard within the ridges This day a N. N. W. wind hath conveid away abundance of wilde Geese by us they breed here towards the N. in those wildernesses there are infinite numbers and when their yong be fledge they flye S. wards to winter in a warmer countrey I hoped by their taking flight the wind would have continued This low land thus trenting makes me doubt it will bring Da 26 us still with this shallow water to joyne with Hudson and then leave us and fall away S. and there also must I leave it I could not perceive that it did slow above five foot water yesterday and the flood set S. E. the waters side is so flat and Rocky that we cannot land with the Pinnace we can discerne the going in of many small Rivers and there out-sets by the change of waters whose colour is more dunne then the Sea it selfe Was thicke close weather at night 7 it wet the night Da 27 proved close the wind changed from N. W. to S. E. the land lay S. E. and we had a great plumpe of wood on shore like an Iland I stood twice into 4 fathomes of land and once into 3 and a halfe but could not see the trees on hatches the land stretching the tydes running and flowing the expected high land and all hopefull things are now at an end this night casting up my Cards I did account I was from Port Neâ—oâ— true course E. S. E. 60 leagues and that I must be in 55 degr 50 min. latitude This coldest day I felt since I came from Nottinghams Ile Da 28 was but the Harbinger of Winter I Anchored in 7 fathoms and 3 leagues oâ—line I had but 4 fathomes I stood off into 25 fathomes and in againe into 11 and Anchored it brew to top-sailes halfe Mast high the land low full of trees the night was thicke with reasonable wind at East I road still all night for I could get nothing by plying against Da 29 wind the wind now doth Souther about clock 7. we espied a saile standing right with us it was Captaine James of Bristâ—ll hee came close in at our sterne and wee saluted each other he standing in towards the shoare which was in sight but standing Moneths August off againe hee could not fetch vs for it was ebbe the streame and wind setting him to lee-ward whereupon hee stood into Sea and out of sight which greeued mee much searing I should not see him againe nor know what discouerie he had made but he tackt about inward againe and the wind Estering at night hee fetch 't me and sent his Shallop on board inuiting mee to dinner the next day with my Master and his mate There came on board of mee his Lieutenant his Coxen and three more I gaue order to my Officers to take downe the 4. rowers betweene the Decks and to entertaine them at seuerall messes and to enquire of them with what land they fell first after their comming from our owne Coasts what lands they had beene at or in what harbours when they entered Fretum Hudson how long they had beene amongst the Ice and at seuerall times what Islands they had seene or Capes formerly discouered what was there most Northerliest latitude they had beene in and what day they see first this side or bottome and in what latitude they came ouer this bay in I enquired also the like of his Lieutenant whom I entertained in my Cabin so that before they went away I heard that they first met with Ice at Cape Farwell and that they entered Fretum Hudson the 20. day of Iune they had beene distrest in harbour and had like to haue lost their shippe the fire smoake my men see on land the 23. day of Iune was theirs they had seene the Iles Nottingham and Salisbury and was on land on Sir Robert Mansfells Isle hauing beforebeene sore pestured with Ice The greatest latitude North was 64. deg and that in this bay of Sir Thomas Buttons they had beene troubled with Ice talking thereof as though they tooke pleasure to runne against it nay they said they had runne into the Ice as far as the maine mast and that they came ouer in 59 deg of this their Northmost latitude of their suffering at Resolution their grounding in this Bay the harme of their men throwne at Capsten and what else I desired to haue I had and that they had him on shoare here but two dayes before and kill'd two Partridges they said also that there was no offering to goe home if they found no passeage for that the Ice could not bee disolued this yeere but they must stay vntill the next yeere to haue light nights to shift themselues amongst them and this I did for that I did not know how wee might be separated beefore I talked with Cap. Moneths August Da 29 Iames himselfe and I gaue order to acquaint them with what also they demanded of vs telling them that I had beene in Port Nelson and that I had seene and came along this coast neuer without sight of land from the latitude of 64 deg 2. quar and that in Port Nelson I had beene on the S. side and on the land also before they came and had named it new Yorkeshiere but being a barren waste Wildernesse of Birds and wild beasts of prey and chiefely for that it is out of the roade of trading and the passage where none hereafter will desire to come I conceine that I can
got cleere I had for some reasons thought to have home come by the N. but the weaknes of our persons the long nights the cold dark weather with the decayed Moone altered my purpose although the N. by Orkny was the shortest cut and so nearer some refreshing yet this being the warmer and in darke nights the more comfortable I directed the course to fall with the Iland of Silly having yet great care day and night specially to looke out for the Ice which I supposed might be set from off Groenland or out of Fretum Davis but God be thanked we see none after we came from the Cape The daily courses and distances homewards were followeth the wind as in the Margent Our sicke men are as yet able to doe nothing the Master is Da 8 laid downe againe wee had last night and especially this morning a whole storme the afternoon it faired and the wind came about with Sunne to the West wee carried both top sailes a trip This day considering the great want I found of the Boat Da 9 swaine our sayles and tackling being sore torne in this time he came not above Decke I placed John Coatesworth in his roome for his diligence This day was reasonable weather we made way the 8 day and this 56 leagues 2 miles E. S. E. ½ Southerly This day was top sayle Gale last night the wind Southering Da 10 made us hand them both we made from last 12 to this 49 leagues E. S. E. ½ S. the wind veered S. ward but staid not The wind was fickle but we made way E. S. E. 34. leagues Da 11 and were in 57 d. 35. latitude The wind variable our way S. E. by E. 27 leagues Da 12 After midnight the wind came to S. E. with much raine I Da 13 tooke in topsayles and clued up the foresaile forting the yard Armes thigh after clocke 4 the wind favouring came to S. W. and I made way by account as before 33 leagues South-East Moneths October This day the Master came abroad againe and not since the Da 14 7 day before the wind was all day about S. W. thicke and wet the true way traverse excepted of the last day and this was 47 leag S. E. by East Thicke fog and the way from last day to this 47 leagues Da 15 S. E by E. and at clocke 8 we were in 59. degrees 15 minutes latitude The way was S. E. 8. d. E. wards 36 leagues â— â— Da 16 The way 30 leagues E. S. E. Da 17 The way Veering 37 S. E. 4 d. E. wards Da 18 The way 57 S. E. 5 d. E. Da 19 The way 17 â— â— E. by N. Da 20 The way true course 26 E. Da 21 The way 28 â— â— E. 4. d. N. Da 22 The way 33 E. S. E. latitude 51 d. 16. m. Da 23 The way 42 E. Da 24 The way 35 E. 4 d. N. Da 25 The way 14 E. 4. N. latitude 50 d. 9 min. Da 26 These courses were all true variation allowed The way â—8 â— Da 27 This day in the morning I had sight of Siâ—â—iâ— distant foure leagues off Da 28 The 31 blessed be Almighty God I came into the Downes with all my men recovered and sound not having lost one Man nor Boy nor any manner of Tackling having beene forth neere 6 moneths all glory be to GOD. To whom this may concerne Answere to uncertaine rumors or aâ—â—ersions given forth against me concerning my returne home from the Northwest this yeare given at my home-comming AS wherefore I had not found the passage and why come I home and did not Winter hath he fulfilled his Commission how farre hath he beene and those that had more insight inquired whether I had beene North-West from Ile Nottingham or no with Why did hee not bring letters from Captaine Iames some concluding that I have done nothing I did attempt the Discovery towards the Northwest from the Iles of Nottingham and Saâ—iâ—bury about the midst of Julie and had at that time proceeded according to the letter of my Instruction if I had not beene prevented by these following meanes viz. 1 I had been immured with Ice from the first day of my entering Fretum Hudson being the 23 day of Iune vntill the 4 of Iuly following after which time I got cleere and comming unto Salisbury Isle I lay fast againe betweene the South and the North Maine about 7 dayes amongst ice where being neere the said Isle I could easily discerne the Tyde come from the East through Fretum Hudson and not from the Northwest 2 Getting cleere of the ice I trent about the said Isle to the South as also Nottinghams where sending the Boat on land brought word that it had flowed so much water as in my Iournall is mentioned of and that the water had more to flowe and after that running off into 60 fathomes and anchoring the Boat I found the Tyde come from the South-East or through Fretum Hudson 3 Standing along the said Isle to W. ward untill I brought the same I meane the W. end N. E. it began to be full of ice in the W. Channell betwixt Nottingham and Shark Point as before betwixt the North Maine and Salisbury so as the Master his Mate and my selfe conclude that there was no entring the said Northwest as yet or untill the ice was dissolved and to that point the Master and Mate wished me to write what I would concerning that impossibility of passage untill the ice were gone and they would signe the same promising that they would bee willing to see the same before their going home if no passage proved elsewhere to be found Whereupon considering that that Tyde came not from the North-West for certaine which is the absolute ground of my instructions but from South-East disproved also by Master Bylot who was in the same Voyage and ship with Sir Thomas Button saying that both he and all his Company did plainely see the Tyde come from S. E. at Cape Comfort and also the I le Nottingham averring that they which tooke that account were mistaken in the time taking 8 a clocke for 10. Now as it was not possible as yet to enter for ice the wind being liberall I directed the course towards Carie Swanâ—â—â— Nest hoping to follow the instructions in the search of Bâ—ttons and Hudsons Bay of which there was as great hopes as at the Northwest and were there as many and as strongly of that opinion as of the other and come backe againe thither by that time the ice was dissolved which I hoped would be about the fine of August or not at all if no passage proved in the said Bay to be had but finding none I proceeded from that search having first finished the search of the foresaid Bay as followeth in briefe Being come out of Hudsons Bay and Anchoring at Sharke Point I found the Ebbe to goe with good Current from the West but
yeare if he had not been disabled For when after my home comming I told him hee could not be certaine of the Tyde he tooke at Notingham was true for that his boate was never on land his answere was God a mercy for nothing for I had not above 8 â—ound men so this doth appear as I did coÌ„ceive before my returne I coÌ„clude that these things in part knowne to me in part imagined that if I should not have made good use thereof having discovered so much as I had done if I would thus have suffered I had bin well served to have come home unpittied The benefit ensuing by my comming home this yeare INprimis my sicke men are God be glorified all recovered The account of my service by my selfe others brought home I hope to the satisfying of my King and Country and more then ever was formerly done by any of my predecessours by much and at farre lesse charge The ship and tackling all safe and without any losse of either which was not done without great hazzard going from the Latit of 55. in Hudsons Bay into the Articke circle towards the end of September There is also 6 Months pay and victuals saved at above 75 pounds per month amounting to the some of nere 450 pouÌ„ and if they doe not set forth the next yeare then there is 11 months pay and victuals saved there is one Sommers time gained for if this be distrusted or more required I meane in discovery who is so pleased may set forth the beginning of May and satisfie their desire this next yeare with ship newly repaired newly manned with fresh men untainted with skurvie crampe or cold paines but more and better able to performe the enterprize then the Winterer can be To conclude I referre it to the judgement of reasonable discretion whether it may be held fit that I should suffer either by want of liberty good reward or imputation as hath been wished untill the returne of Capt. James who had no intent as by his answer doth appeare who when I inquired of him why he being so late had not attempted the N W. as we both were instructed answered that Baffine satisfied in his â—ournall that the Tyde came from S E. and that himselfe had beene no more N. then 64. the latit of Mill I le and then having come over to the W. side of Sir Thomas Buttons Bay but in â—9 and discovered but from thence to 61 leag E S E. from Port Nelson where wee met having this yeare neither bin at N W. as before said nor made any discovery betwixt the Southside of Hubberâ—â— Hope to 64½ where the chiefest hope was as I had done nor ioyned Hudson and Sir Thomas Button it may bee thought he being a Gentleman of quality will not come untill he have done as much as I being a man of meaner Ranke in his conceite for I have heard since that his ambition hath abused my worth and name I told him my further intent which was to attempt the N W. this yeare all which to do he must stay the next yeare as my selfe would if he had left me in the like case nor can no unkindnesse be laid to my charge for not bringing of letters from him taking a fayre farwell of him for he had time enough in two dayes to have writ nor was I certaine as then of my returne which now I doe thanke God for If this will satisfie to stop the mouth of Rumor which hath already touched too much vpon my deserts I shall bee glad otherwise I wish they would suffer themselves to be judged by performing the like labour These rumours like ill Newes ridde poast for they came to Court insomuch as comming by Boate with a Gentleman from Oatlands to London where I had beene to deliver my Accompts to his Majesty it pleased the Gentleman to say that now is Captaine James in the Mare del Zur and will come home by Cape Bon Sperance I was so confident that he could doe no more for that yeare I did leave him and for the yeare to come that I replyed with three wishes or desires to my good or ill The first was that if Captaine Iames did passe through and come home that way that I might be severely punished according as I did acknowledge I did deserve The next was that if at his home-comming for which I prayed vnto Almighty God that it did appeare vpon examination equally ballanced that hee had done as much as I and no more I might have reasonable Reward for so I had deserved The third that if hee had not done so much that I might be rewarded with what I had saved to wit Eleven moneths victuall and pay at 75. pounds per Moneth and according to the wearing and tearing of Cordage and Tackling that I had saved which hee would spend Now since hee is returned home and hath neyther beene through nor performed so well as I by very much I desire to be rewarded as before and for that this was rehearst before his home-comming and when I did not know where hee was That there is a Passage hath beene proffered to be proued very Learnedly by Sr Humphrey Gilbert Knight foure severall wayes as followeth THe first by Authority alledging America to bee that Iland called by Plato and others Atlantes sayled vnto by the Carthagineans and that it is bound on the East by the Atlanticke sea from which it is named on the South by Magelan straights on the West by Mar del Zur on the North it is severed from Groenland by the Sea through which the Passage doth lye And to confirme the former Discovery he brings in Money found by the Spaniards in the Gold mines of America having the stampe of Augustus Caesar and since that time the discontinuance hath beene for that it hath beene swallowed vp and overflowen with water through a mighty Earthquake so as the Navigation thereunto was since that time lost vntill the yeare 1492. that Columbus did after discover the same although Malga Prince of Wales was before him pretending that since its appearance againe the Seas about it are made deeper and the Northwest made more easie to be sayled confirming the Conclusion by the Cosmographers of those moderne times especially Ortelius who maketh both Groenland and America both Ilands dis-joyned by a great Sea from any part of Asia The second is by Reason for sayling from Iseland to where this Freet should be its thought to bee more deeper water and that if America were not an Iland it and Asia should participate of each others animals or things of like shape or condition as Men Beasts and others of which there hath â—in found in eyther also hee alledgeth the Seas naturall and circular running from the East â—o West Following the diâ—rnall motion of Primum Mobile it carrying all inferiour and moveable bodyes so as the Current from the East comming about Cape Bona Spei cannot be digested
to begin at the mouth of the River Thames towards which two Tydes resort And at the mouth thereof it floweth a S. and N. Moone at the S. Foreland S S. E. in the Channell of the I le of Wight S. E. or S. E. by S. at Plimmouth E. at the Gulfe where the Ocean doth first enter our Channell E. N. E this reckoning goeth against the Sunne and Moone yet this is the way to finde the Sea from whence the tide doth come Likewise along stthe North coast there commeth another tide to the saide River bringing the like flowing and almost answerable at the same distance for from off Harwich it floweth S. S. E. at Yarmouth S. E. at Laresnesse E. by N. at Whitby N. E. at Barwick N. N. E. at Backhaâ—â—nesse N. by E. in Orkney N. Now we know that both those Tydes the one from the North the other from the West came both out of the Westerne Ocean and that from the North by the lands trenting his channell his Current from the West Eastwards to S. E. as at I â—mmouth to S. S. E. as at St. Lawrence W. to S. E. as at Hambrough to S. as at Hull to S. W. as at Harwich and to W. into the said River of Thames So as here it is made manifest that both Tydes comming out of the Western Ocean E doth in the end goe or set just against themselves as they set at their first comming from the Ocean And therefore why wee you not thinke that the land to the West in this passage shall bend towards the South into Mare del Zur as it doth here trented within this Bay S. W. by S. from latitude 64. 1 â— to 59. but to draw these points to a head it is said these Tides met at the Keâ—tish â—nocke and turne their streames into Thames it not being able to retaine them both the other parts are turned along the coast of Flanders Holland Frisland and Zutland where those sides doe end by reason of the Baltickes Seas bottome it being farre unto beside the strait Channels betweene it and the sound It is made now heare to appeare that he that will seeke the Ocean as the Atlanticke to the West or the Hiperâ—orian to the North for the moâ—th of the River of Thames must follow the Tyde one thing is to be observed that it â—loweth more water upon this coast of England then it doth upon the other coasts mentioned the reason may be because England standeth nearer the West Sea Listen now againe how places farre remote from these our neighbour Channels doth correspond with them as in Grâ—enland it â—lowed E. and W. Moone and following the tide 1â—0 leagues to Resolution it flowed E. S. E. as before and so the â—idâ—â—etting in with the Sunne untill it flowed S. by W. at Swaâ—â—es Nest and there is lost in Hudsons Bay so that it holds the same quality in the processe of time with the former from the West and it is apparent that to seeke the Ocean from the bottome of Rivers deepe Bâ—yes or within lands as the Mâ—diterraniâ—n or the Bâ—lâ—icke we must find the flood tide and follow it downâ— the hill of time I meane proceeding against it we shall shorten the flood as this day we shall be where it floweth a S. Moone which we account to bee 12 of the clocke to morâ—ow we shall be where the same Tyde flowed but 9. So that I being but allowed what experience doth make due unto me both neare home and else where I make no doubt but to prove this passage It followeth now to parâ—allâ—ll this supposed passage with those formerly declared and certainely knowne beginning at Port Nelson where I had the exâ—ctest account of his flowing point and climing the flood for so he must conceive that sayleth against Tide found that it flowed there a South East Moone at the Checks where I was on land it flowed E. S. E. at Bâ—gges his Mathematickes East at Brooke Cobham E. be N. at Sir Thomas Roes Welcome E. N. E. Now it is prooved that the course time and change of this Tyde doth correspond with all other Ocean Tydes it running also halfe Tyde which is the floods running still the way of sâ—ood untill it be halfe â—bbe on shore the â—bbe running likewiâ—e his course in continuance untill the water bee halfe flowed upon the shore so as it cannot be said to want any joynt or member of an Oceans flood but may rightly bee tearmed a limme thereof It may be objected that although by all likely hood that is a passage yet it may prove to be a great distance to saile through and how shall a man doe to know when he is thorow that thereby he may direct his course Southward I answere it can be no great distance for that the water doth heighten in Spring-Tydes almost as much water at Sir Thomas Roes Welcome in the Spring Tydes as at C. Warwicke which standeth in the edge of the Hyperborion Ocean and therefore how can this Tyde come farre from his sea and bring constantly as much water as it floweth in any place that standeth neere the Oceans lips How can then the Mare del Zur be farre from hence for the distance betweene Cape Warwicke and Swans Nest is not above 200 leagues where this Tydes quite consumed so at the like distance from Sir Thomas Roes Welcome This new Tyde along that Bay holds the same untill in the bottome thereof it be consumed for I have heard from some that if North winds doth not inforce the Tydes that they doe not flow above two foot in Hudsonâ— E. and W. Bay Me thinketh there is three materiall proofes that maketh better for our purpose for to answere and free this doubt though all the rest of Sir Humphrey Gilbert and Master Wills makes for the passage The first is that the Cosmographers of China doe extend their coasts to the N. E. even to the 50 d. of latitude and may doe further for any thing they know The second is Paulâ—â—Venetus that lived there and sayled from Cattaâ— 1500 leagues north-North-East and might have gone further for any land he see The 3. is Barnard la Tore the 4 may be the ships found by Francis Wasques at Sierra Nevado not being of America but were a moneth in comming thither from Asia all making that this passage cannot be long for that they of Asia extend the breadth of their country so farre to East Beside Francisco Gaule the Spanish Pylot reports of a high set of a Sea from the Northward in his passage from Japâ—n to Callyfornia which he sayth continued howsoever the windes blew this doth shew the Sea to be open to the N. for the like may be observed upon our N. coast about Whitby where the highest set of the Sea commeth from the N N W. although that poynt bloweth oblicke to the coast yet there is more Sea therwith then the N. E. wind bringeth that blowes
see it by reason of fogge 31 He meetes Ice which he marvailes at being that the South-most part of Groynland described in the Marine Chart is in the Latit of 60 deg he being then in 59 deg 10 min. Desolation bearing W N W. halfe N 64 leag off and Cape Christianus the next knowne part of Groynland N W by W. Westerly 38 leag he holds an E S E. Course and sees Land the same day being very high lying along E S E. 16. leag the W. part seemed to fall away E by N. the land was very high and covered with snow he was not certaine whether it was the Maine or an Iland he named it Frost Iland I cannot conceive but that by his Latit it must be the same he had formerly named Cape Christianus 1 He comes homewards the 8 day and is in 58. d. 36 m. variation 2 d. 45 m. W. The 10. day he was in 59 deg 10. min. variation 1 deg 4 min. 18 He espies the Iland of Farrey Latit 62 d. 3 m. the streame sets vnder the Iles next hand E and W. He arrived at Copeman Haven his conclusion is that Bredarenses Foord is the most Northerly Coninghams Foord is next in 67. d. and odde m. the Foord where they see the Towne is 2 leag to S of Coninghams the towne stands 10 leag vp the Foord the Kings Foord is in 66 d. â— â— but he did not find the Siluer Myne Master Iames Hall was imployed in a third Voyage from Denmarke 1607. but after that he had made the Land the Danes mutined and in fine forced the ships backe againe for Iseland there being then nothing done towards the edifying of this worke it is needlesse to make any further search after the same The 4th and last Voyage of Master Iames Hall from Kingstone vpon Hull with 2 Ships viz. the Patience and the Hearts-Ease written by William Baffin HE saith that in the Morning perceiving the Sunne and Moone to shine very cleare he purposed to find out the Longitude and this day he spent in finding out the true Meridian Line vpon an Iland by hanging at the extreames thereof â— plummets in threed instead of an Index or sight 9 He observed the Moone iust vpon the Meridian at which very instant the Sunnes almicanter was 8 deg 53 min. N. the Poles elevation 65 deg 20 min. by which working according to the doctrine of Sphaericall triangles having 3 sides given to wit the Complement of the Poles elevation the Complement of the Almicanter and the complement of the Sunnes declination to find out the quantity of the Angle at the Poâ—e by which working he findes the time to be clocke 4 17 min. and 24 sec he findes likewise by the Ephemerides that the Moone came to the Meridian of London at 4 a clocke 25 m. 34 sec which 17 m. and 24 sec substracted leaveth 8 min. 10 sec of time for the difference of the Moones passing betwixt both the Meridians the Moones motion that day was 12 degrees seaven minutes which converted into Minutes of time were 48 minutes 29 sec this wrought by the rule of proportion is thus if 48 min. 29 sec the time that the Moone commeth sooner to the Meridian then she did the day before give 360 deg the Earths Circumference what shall 8 min. 10 sec to wit 60 deg 30. min. the difference betwixt the Meridian of London and Cockings Sound in Groenland This he affirmeth to be without any great error the rules truely observed and Ephemerides exact for that no instrument can be exact enough to find out the true Houre Minute and second the losse of one Minute being the losse of 7 deg in Longitude 22 Master Hall was slaine with a Dart throwne into his body by one of the Groenlanders before whose death and since the ninth day little was done worthy note but the supposed Myne sought for and in that search many brave Rivers and Harbours were found with the footing of some great Deere or Elke as bigge as an Oxe â—t may be supposed that the cause of this Blow was for the losse of the Brother or other the Friends of the Momicide which might be some of those five the Danes carried away the last yeare and but one before for that in all trading both before and after his Death they did never offer any violence vnto any of the Company but before would oftentimes be pointing and ayming as it were at him calling him Captaine one to another They search further for the Myne and find many places where the Danes had digged with stone of Orient couler but when it was refined it proved drosse having no mettall at all therein but was like to Muscovia sludde they also found a pleasant Vallie They find not the Myne as also the people forbeare to trade with them as before they made way againe out of this River to come to their Admirall in which way in many Ilands they find where many of their winter houses had bin some of their Tents were but lately carried away in which place they also found of their long Boates made of Wood and bound together with skinnes of Whale-fyn and covered with Seale skinnes being 33 foote long and 5 broad having in them 10 thoughts or Seates this day they depart Rumells Foord in 67 degrees Latitude and 24 degrees 16 minutes variation it being one of the fairest Rivers he see in that Country it lyeth in East and E by South and that Night hee came to the Admirall then in the Kings Foord 26 They consult about comming home for the Captain was slaine and the people refuse to trade with them as they were wont I thinke for feare for the same Voyage one Iames Pullie was also slaine by a Salvage for offering to take one of their people out of his Boate by violence They depart homewards Master Andrew Barker of Hull in the Admirall William Huntris Master in the Pinnace 18 HE is in 58 deg 50 min. he findes the variation to be 13 deg 22 min. contrary to observation of other men in this place and because this was the first Sea-Voyage of this young Arts-man I will trace his owne words the 18. the Sunnes declination saith he was 9 d. 58 min. for the Meridian of London but being almost 4 houres of time to the West-wards there is 1 â— to be abated from the rest for his declination was 9 deg 55 min. his altitude 24 deg 40. min. in Latitude 59 deg his distance from the South by the Compasse 81 deg Latitude 57 deg variation 11 deg 10 m. 6 Nothing of note but one storme vntill this day the latitude was 61 deg 18 min. the variation 6 deg East the deepe 68 Fathomes 8 He came to the I le of Orkney where anchoring the people came and gave them Hennes geese and sheepe for old cloathes or shooes 11 He came to Kingstone upon Hull
The observation he made of Groenland That it is an exceeding high land and Mountaines which are very high within the land they are of stone some of one colour some of another all glistering but nothing worth if there be any Mettall it lyeth low in the earth and cannot well be come by there are some rockes purer then Alablaster the Northside of the Mountaines are continually covered with snow there are few trees but in one place 40 miles within the land in a river called Balls-river upon the Southside of a Mountaine there is a little Grove of Wood about 6 or 7 foot high like a Coppice in England it being of Willow Iuniper and such like they found much Angelica And he thinkes the Countrey people do eat thereof for he saw many of those rootes in their boates There are store of Foxes in the Maine and Ilands of sundry colours there are as white as snow and long surred there is divers Deere but they be farre up within the land for the Inhabitants doe hunt them sore that come towards the Sea where themselves live he see 7 at one time his men had divers Darts horns of Deere he see the foot of one beast bigger than the foot of an Oxe their Dogs and Foxe Pizzels have a bone within them the people all the Sommer time use nothing but fishing drying their fish and Seales flesh upon the rocks for their winters provision every one both man and woman have a boat covered with Seales skinnes close sowed that no water can enter them some of them are 20 foot long and not above a foot broad shaped like a Weavers shuttle so light that a man may carry many of them at once they use but one oare with a washe at both ends it is incredible to see how swiftly they rowe no ship being able to sayle so fast they sit in the midst of their boates and holds their oare in the middle In these boates they catch their fish as Seales Salmon Morses and others they strike some with Darts and angle others their coard is made of Whale-bone their hooke of a bone with which lines and hookes wee have catched very much fish I could not learne of their rites and Ceremonies but generally they worship the Sun they remove from place to place as their fishing doth serve they live in tents in the Summer and in winter in houses somewhat within the ground when they approach you they will hold up their hand to the Sunne Crying Eliout which we answering in like fashion they dare boldly come to us They make a Cave with stones wherein they bury their dead according to the bignesse of the Corpes defending them strongly from the pâ—ey of Foxes or Ravenous beasts they make another neare the former wherein they bury his bowe arrowes and daâ—ts and other his provision and he is buried in his apparell the coldnesse of the clime keepes the body from putrifaction 11 They eate their meate rawe yet they use fire they drink Salt-water by the Ship side Some of our men conceived them to be Man-eaters but he thinks not because they might have killed 3 of our men at one time filling water in an Iland far from our Ship and without any weapon at which time a great company of them came to them and searching their boate for Iron they gave them all they had with their chest keyes whereupon they depart without doing them any harme but let others take heed Since that I have entred thus farre into Groenland by the way of Capt. Davis and Mast Iames Hall heare the report of Dethmar Plef-kins a Minister sent into Iseland from Hamburgh 1563. GRoenland was first so named in the yeare of CHRIST 900. And although I purposed saith he to passe over Groenland with silence yet seeing I touched upon the land and observed some few things I thought it not impertinent to make mention of them There was in a Monastery in Iseland called Helgafiel a certaine blind Monke who lived miserably there he was borne in Groenland of a darke complexion and broad face the Governour commanded him to be brought unto him that he might know some part of the State of Groenland he said there was a Monastery of St. Thomas in Groenland into the which his parents thrust him when he was but young and after he was taken out by the Bishop of Groenland when he was 30 yeeres of age to sayle with him into Norway to the Archbishop of Nidrosia or Drunton to whom the Iland Bishops are subiect in his returne hee was left in a Monastery by the Bishop whose Country Groenland was this was done as he said in 1546. he said that Iland was called Groenland Aâ—tiphrastically for that it seldome or never waxeth greene and that there is so great cold there throughout the whole yeere except Iune Iuly and August that being clothed and covered with Furres they could scarce be warme and that they had at home certaine round pieces of wood which being moved with their feet kept their feet warme he saith that it aboundeth as Island doth with fishes and that they had Beares and white Foxes â—ay Pigmies and Vnicornes and that the Day did not appeare untill the Sun had run through Pisces This Monke told us marvellous strange things that there was in the Monastery of S. Thomas where he lived a Fountaine which sent sorth burning and flaming water that this water was conveyed through Pipes of stone to the severall Cels of the Monks and that it made them warme as stoves do with us and all kind of meats might be boyled in this Fountain and fiery water no otherwise than if it had bin on a fire indeed he advertised moreover that the wals of the Monastery were made with Pumice stones out of a certaine mountain not farre from the Monastery like to Hecla in Iseland for if you powre this water upon the Pumice stone there will follow a slymie matter which in steed of lyme they use for motter After the Governors conference with him I came privately to demand certaine particulars touching the Pigmies and other things he had a little skill in the Latine tongue he understood me speaking Latine but answered me by an Interpreter he said the Pigmies represent the most perfect shape of man that they were hayrie to the outermost joynts of the finger and that the males have beards down to the knees but although they have the shape of man yet they have little sense or understanding or distinct speech but make shew of a kind of â—issing after the manner of Geâ—se that his Abbot kept two of them in his Monasterie male and female but they lived not long and that they were unreasonable creatures and live in perpetuall darkenesse that some say they have Warre with the Cranes but that he knew not He affirmed that the same manner of food was in Groenland as in Iseland to wit of Fish but not of Cattell because
the Easterne Sea to expediate a Voyage through a great Ocean in a Country I have heard to lye far to the W. directing my course W. ward I met with land sooner then I did expect in coasting this land W. wards I find an entrance which I follow for by my account I am but newly come to Sea and must be farre short of my intent but following this entrance I finde there is ebbing and flowing which I pursue and finde it to be a River which conceive to be the river of Thames I goe therein with the tide without debarre or hinderance yet finding the further up that I do proceede the tide heightneth lesse water and runeth lesse time so as knowing I goe from the East W. ward as I desire yet I doe not know what will become of this hazzard but not knowing how to mend my selfe I must now play the game this way at length I come to the head of this river which conceive to be at Kingston there I finde this tide which I followed out of the Easterne Sea to fall into a spacious and large Mare or Ponte which Mare I enter Now it must be conceived that all the Country betweene Kingston and Severn neere Bristow as part of Surry part of Hampshire Wiltshire Glostershire Oxford Buckingham and part of Middlesex To be ingulfed and turned into an inland Sea round about being entred in this Ponte I begin to circuit about by the S S W. and comes to W. side where I finde an Inlet to wit the river at Barkly comming from the W. Sea out of Severne ebbing and flowing into the Mare as that did on the E. side by which I entred now I intend to venter into this ebbing and flowing of waters from the W. and thus persisting against the tyde by observation as yesterday it flowed a W. Moone this day it flowed a W. by N. Moone keeping this constant fluxe and refluxe from the W. Eastward so as sayling I shorten the tyde and is come in short distance to the place where it flowed S. W. the same tide I tooke at my entring this river or inset to flow W. I may now assure my selfe that those tyde streames are supported by waters from an Ocean which by pursuite I find to be the Atlanticke It is to be observed in discoveries as is found in other places by experience that in sayling against the flood-tide wee shorten the time of flowing and in sayling therewith wee lengthen the same This comparison standeth thus HAmbrough is England from whence we saile to Fretum Hudson which here is conceived to be the Thames whose head as Kingston is Cary Swans Nest the Country Pont or Mar so ingulfed is Hudsons or Buttons Bay the W. Tide comming out of the Ocean at Severne is that new Tide I found at Sir Thomas Roes Ile which pursued will bring me into the Mare del Zur Let it not now be said that there is no passage by the N W into India for that the best Cosmographers those learned in the Mathematickes and all Arts have in former time consented that America is an Iland and separated from any other continent by which great Princes have been perswaded to adventure and countenance with great Summes nor were their hopes mistaken although as yet God hath not appoynted the time as also the Nobility Gentry Merchants when in the Voyage of Sir Thomas Button were about 160 adventurers My comfort is that the quantity of Whales and Sea Mors that place affordeth although it may be thought that I did not see the 100 part will when Whale oyle comes into request drive the Merchant to send the Marriner to visite the I le of Brooke Cobham for the Whale with their shallops range N wards to search for Vnicorne horne Mors teeth and Whalefinne to come where Sir Tho Roe will bid them Welcome and by these inticements they will be perswaded to inquire after this tide and at length bring home the good newes which I expect of this so long sought for For my part I have now washt the Black-moore these five yeares having yet received neither Sallery wages or reward except what som few Gentlemen hath I know not whether in curtesie or charity bestowed upon me having to fore had my meanes taken from me in the time of warres betwixt France Spaine and us so as I am utterly unable to prosecute the same though I wish well thereto knowing it is now to be done at very small charge And this is more for their great comfort that it hath pleased almighty God of his great mercy alwayes so to preserve those imployed this way to search in this discovery that no ship ever perished but howsoever they suffered the account was brought home and wee made acquainted with their actions all which wee must acknowledge to be the providence of Almighty God who hath thus preserved those seeds we have â—owne and will doe still untill the time come which he hath appoynted to send some happy man to plucke the fruit Heere lyeâ—h the way to â—â—lcos and be that findes the same bâ—â—â—g home the Goâ—aeâ— Fâ—ecce The fifth of the knowne and supposed passages to that rich Iâ—â—ies is by the Pole it selfe yet never attempted the gainest and most hopefull of those three yet unknowne and the shortest of them all as from our N. parts of Scotlands Iles from the latit of 60 d. to the Pole it selfe is but 600 leag of which it hath beene sayled to the 82 ½ d. by Captaine Thomas Marmaduke of Hull his furthest visible marke to the N. From thence was certaine Ilands he named Sheffields Orâ—ades in duty to his most noble favourer in his Northerne designes was Edmond Lord Sheffield now Earle of Mulgrave and at that time Lord President of the North by whose great assistance charge and countenance with the Merchants of the same Corporation he was still set forth By which meanes in his discoveries N. ward towards the Pole it was his good fortune to enter into a harbour in Greenland where he found one Jonas Poole and Nicholas Woodcocke with others in a ship of London distressed for that a fall of an Ice had sunke their Ship Which subjects with their oyles Whale finnes and Morsteeth who must have miserably perished there if he had not brought them home to this noble Lords perpetuall honour and the future incouragement of that trade now the most rich and safest that wee have And this is the best by prescription or any other claime the City of Yorke and the Corporation of Kingston vpon Hull can pleade for the continuance of their Trade thither I make no doubt but that they doe acknowledge his Lordship for the same with all thankfulnesse This Greeneland was first seene by Mr. Hudson who was countenanced by Sir Iohn Wolstenholme in his N E. coursaries There may be something objected against this passage which may with ease be answered and this Treatise better supplied but