colours as the other are but only black and white being most convenient to be seen when we steere by night without any light but only skie-light To Cond or Cun. I think this word comes of conducere in Latine so it imports as much as to leade or direct the ship which way she shall goe it is commonly pronounced thus Cun the ship which implies as much as to direct him at helme how to steere In long courses when we are off at sea there is not so much heed taken of it for then they direct their course upon a point of the Compasse and so let him at the helm look to the steere right on that point but in chases and narrow channels where the course lyes not directly upon a point of the compasse there the Master Mate or some other standing-aloft doth give direction to him at the helme and this we call conding or cuning Sometimes hee who commands the ship will be speaking to him at helme at every little yawe which the sea-faring love not as being a kind of disgrace to their Iteeridge then in mockage they will say sure the channell is narrow he conds so thick whereby you may gather that in narrow channels it is necessary and usefull to cond thick Note that according as the ships sailes are trimmed either before or by a wind so they use severall termes in conding and to use other were improper and ridiculous amongst them If the ship goe before a wind or as they terme it betwixt two sheates then he who conds uses these termes to him at the helme starr-boord lar-boord the helme a mid-ships Note that when we say starr-board the meaning is that he must put the helme to the starr-board side and then the ship will goe to larr-boord for the ship doth ever goe contrary to the helme if the ship goe by a wind or quarter-winds they say a loofe or keep your loof or fall not off veere no more keep her to touch the wind have a care of the lee-latch all these do imply the same in manner and are to bid him at the helme to keep her neere the wind East the helme no neere beare up these words do appoint him to keep her from the wind and make her goe more large or right before Some speeches are common to both as steddy that is keep the ship from going in and out but just upon the point that you are to steere and as you goe and such like Cooke-Roome The Cooke-Roome is the place where they dresse their victuals and this room is to be placed in divers parts of the ship according to the ships imployment in Marchant-men who must imploy all their hold for the stowing of their goods and so stow their victuals betwixt their decks it is best to have the Cook-room in the fore-Castle especially being contrived in the furvasses for the saving of wood in long journies as also for that in fight they bring their stern and not their Prowe to fight and therefore it will be the lesse discommodity to them besides they doe not carry so much ordnance fore-ward on and therefore the weight of the Cook-room is not so offensive but in a man of warre it is most inconvenient to have it in the fore-ship or fore-castle my reasons these 1. It will be it placed as well as can be hinder the use of the ordnance 2. It will lie over the powder 3. Being a man of war pretends to fight most with his prowe that part is likewise to receive shot which if any chance to come amongst the bricks in the Cooke-roome they will spoyle more men then the shot And besides the Cook-roome it self for that voyage is spoyled there being no meanes to repaire it at sea and then they must needs use another so that I thinke no man of discretion wil commend or use that for most sufficient which is most subject to be destroyed and cannot be repaired 4. A man of war ever carries much ordnance there and therefore it is fit to avoid as much as may be any weight that may charge her fore-ship 5. It is dangerous for firing the ship for being made-up to the ship-sides so that men cannot go round about it in long continuance and much heating they may fire the ship unawares 6. It takes away the grace and pleasure of the most important and pleasantest part of all the ship for any one who comes a boord a man of warre will principally look at her chase being the place where the chiefe offensive force of the ship should lie And to conclude I do not know any commoditie it can give to a man of warre wherefore in my opinion the best placing the Cooke-roome is in the hatch-way upon the first Orlop not in the howld as the Kings ships doe which must needs spoyl all the victuals with too much heating the howld or at the least force them to stowe it so neare the stern and sterne that it must needs wrong and wring the ship much and loose much stowage and it being there placed as it doth avoid all the former inconveniences both of the hold and fore-castle and yet shall be as serviceable so hath it this benefit more That it doth wonderfully well aire the ship betwixt the decks which is a great health unto the company But if I were to goe to Sea as a man of warre I would have no Cook roome at all but such an one as I would have contrived to be removed and strooken downe in howld if I list and yet it should waste no more wood then these doe and dresse sufficient victuals for the companie and roaste or bake some competent quantitie for the Commander or any persons of qualitie Cardage All kind of ropes belonging to the rigging of a ship is by a generall Appellation called Cordage Cowneer Is the hollow arching-part in the ship sterne betwixt the Transom and the lower part of the Gallerie which is called the lower Counter the upper Counter is from the Gallerie to the lower part of the upright of the sterne Cowrse Is taken for that point of the Compasse which the ship is to saile upon as to say the place we must now goe to lyes East we then direct our course East Alâ—ir the course that is saile upon another point of the Compasse Mistake the course that is not to know how the land lyes or which way to goe also Maine-course and fore-cowrse Missen-cowrse are the failes without the bonners note all ships of great burthen have double courses to hold more wind and give the ship more way in a fresh gale but in an easie gale they hinder as doe all things that are weighty over head A Crabb Is an Engine of wood with three clawes placed on the ground just in the nature of a Capstaine being placed and most commonly used where they build ships for the launching out or heaving in of a ship into the docke or off the key A Cradle Is a
second and third c. beginning from this which we call the mid-ship Beame To Beane This word in some eases is taken in the ordinary sense as for cleering much as when we say a Ship will beare much Ordnance that is carry much by reason of her strength Also the bearing or stowing of much goods from whence when we describe the greatnesse of the ship we say she is a ship of such a burthen but it is used in many senses different according to the diversity of the phrases To beare sayle well that is as much as to say she is a stiffe guided ship and will not couce downe on a side with a great deale of sayle A ship to beare-out her Ordnance that is meant her Ordnance lye so high and she will goe so upright that in reasonable sighting weather she will be able to keep out her Low-Tire and not be forced to snut in her pores One ship over beares the other that is was able in a great gale of wind to carry out more sayles then the other viz. a Top-sayle more or the like To beare with the Land or with a Harbour or a Ship is to sayle towards it when we beare too wind-ward of it To beare under the Lee of a ship is when that ship which is to weather comes under the other ships-sterne and so gives the wind to her this is the greatest curresie that a ship can give an other at sea The Peece will beare more shot or not so much that is she is over-charged or will endure a greater charge The Peece doth come to beare a terme in the use of Ordnance by which is meant that now she lyes right with the marke Beare in When a ship sayles before or with a large wind into a Harbour or Channell or else sayles large towards the Land we say she heares-in with the Channell Harbour or Land but if she sayle close by a wind we use not that speech Beare-off When a Ship would not come neere a Land or an other ship but goes more Roomer then her course doth lye we say that she beares off from the Land Also when we tell how one head-Land Iseland ship or the like doth lye from another that is upon what point of the Compasse we say they beare right East or West or otherwise off one an other In hoysing any thing into the ship if it hath hold by any part of the ship or Ordnance or the like they say beare it off from the ship-side So if they would have the breetch or mouth of a peece of Ordnance or the like put from-ward one they say beare-off or beare about the breetch So that generally Sea-men use this word beare off in businesse belonging to shipping instead of the word thrust off which to the like sense is most commonly used amongst others Beare up This is a word we use in conding the ship whenas we would have her goe larger or more before the wind then she did Beare-up round that is to put her right afore the wind or to bring her by the Lee The manner of doing it is no more but thrusting the helme up to wind-ward as farre as it will goe towards the ships side Bedds When the Decks lye too low from the Ports of that the Carriages of the peeces with the Trucks cannot mount the Ordnance fittingly but that they will lye too neere the Port Lasse or Gun-wale then we make a false Deck for so much as the Peece will require for her Travesing to raise it higher this we call a bed Also in the carriage of the Peece that planck which lyes lower-most next the Carriage under the breetch of the Peece whereon the Quoynes doe lye is called the Bedd To Belage Is to make fast any running Rope when it is hailed as much as you would as the Halliards when you hoyce a-yard or the sheates or Tacks c. so that it cannot run forth againe till it be loosed A Bend. Is the outwardmost tymber on the ships-side and is also called a Wale these are the chiefe strength of the Ships-side to which the Futtocks and knees of the Beames are Boleed and they are called by the name of the first second c. beginning with that next the water To Bend or Bent. Is taken in the common sense as when the shancke of the Anchor is with over-much strayning crooked we say It is Bent But it is otherwise used as when they say Is the Cabell bent that is when it is seased and made-fast to the Ring of the Anchor Unbend the Cabell that is unbind it which we doe commonly when we doe make account to be long at Sea before we come into Harbour To bend two Cabells or Roapes together that is to tye them together with a knot and so to make their own ends fast upon themselves This is not so sure as splising two Roapes together but it is sooner done and most commonly used when we meane to take them a sunder againe as when a Warp or any Roape is too short for the present use A Berth Is a convenient distance and roome to Moore a ship in Also when they would goe cleere of a Point or a Rock they say take a good berth that is goe a pretty distance off to sea-Boord of it Berthing They call the raising or bringing-up of Ship-sides the Berthing of her as they say A Clincher hath her sides Berthed-up before any beame be put into her A Bight By a Bight is meant any part of a Roape as it is taken compassing as when we cannot or meane not to take the end in hand because of a Cabell or other small Roape being Quoiled up we say give me the Bight or hold by the Bight that is by one of the fakes which lyes rowled up one over the other Bildge or Buldge The Bildge of the Ship is the bredth of the flooce whereon the ship doth rest when she is a-ground A ship is Bilged that is when she strikes on a Rock or an Anchor or the like and breakes off her Timbers or planckes there and so springs a Leake Bildg-water Is the water by reason of the Ships bredth and depth lyes in the Bildge and cannot come to the well and therefore the Flemmish ships have generally broader and longer floares then our ships have besides the ordinary Pumps at the Mayne-mast two Bildge-Pumps A Bittakle Is a close Cubbard placed in the Steeridge before the Whip or Tiller whereon the Compasse doth stand which is not fastned together with iron nailes but wooden pinnes because that iron would draw the Compasse so that it would never stand true These are to be so contrived that they may carry candles or lamps in them to give light to the Compasse so as it may disperse no light and yet to let any be seene about the Ship A Bitter Is no more but a turne of the Cabell about the Bitts which is used in this kind when we come to Anchor in
and Harbours for no sea can come in to wrong the Ship Land-to By this is meant just so far off at sea as we can see the Land as when we direct one to lie off at fea in the hight of a Capeland-to that is so neere and so far off as he may even just see and discerne the land and no neerer A Land-turne Is the same off the Land that a Breize is off the sea only differing that the Land-turne comes by night and by sea-turne or Breize by day Vide Breize A Langrell Is a loose-shot which goes in with a shackle to be shortned when it is put into the Peece and to flie out at length when it is discharged with a halfe bullet either of Lead or Iron at the either end This is good shot neere hand to use out of our Ordnance to cut downe Masts Yards Roapes and Sailes and also it will doe much execution among the men aloft but it is not used betwixt wind and water for it will not pierce a good Ships-sides Laniers Are the small roapes which are reeved in the dead-men-eyes of all the shrowdes and chames and the use of them is either to slacken or to set-taught the shrowdes also all the stayes belonging to any Masts whether they have Blocks or Dead-men-eyes belonging to them are set taught by a Lannier also the small roape which makes fast the stopper of the halliards to the halliards is called a Lannier Large When a Ship goes neither by a-wind nor before a wind but as it were betwixt both that is quartering and such a wind that carries her so we call a large-wind To Lase or Lasing Is the proper terme for putting-to the Bonnet to the Course or the Drabler to the Bonner as Lase on the Bonnet Also we say Lase on the Netting to the Roose-trees or the Wast-trees To Lash or Lashers When we bind any thing up to the Ships sides or Masts as Pikes Muskers or a Butt to the Mast or the like as fishes and spare top-Masts without-boord we call it lashing to but the Lashers chiefely are those roapes which doe bind-fast together the rackles and breechings of the great Ordnance when they are haled within-boord The reason is because the breechings cannot be haâ—edup taught by hand therefore this roape is brought about the breeching and tackles a little before the carriage right under the Peece and so lashes them fast together Lasking Note that when we say a Ship goes Lasking Veering Quarter-winds Large and Roomer it is in a manner all one for then they neither goe by a wind nor before Latchets Are small lines which are sowne into the Bonnets and Drabler like loopes wherewith they lase the Bonnet to the Cowrse or the Drabler to the Bonnet putting them into the Eylot-holes and so lafeing them one over an other Launch This word is used instead of put-out as we say Launch a Ship out of a Dock or out of the Key Launch the boate launch-out or launch in the Davit Launch-out the Capstaine barrs Also in an other sence when they have hoysed-up a yard high enough or the top Mast they cry Launch-hoâ that is hoyse no more Also in stowing the howld they will say Launch aft or launch fore-ward when they would have a Butt or the like brought fore-ward or aft-ward-on also when they are pumping if the Pump sucks then they cry Launch-hoa that is pump no more To Lay a Land When we are sailed out of sight of a Land so that we cannot see it we say that we have layed the line but if it be so that some other point of Land doe hinder us from seeing it then we say that we have shut in or shut it into the other point A Leake There is no Ship so tight but that with her labouring in the sea nay though she ride in Harbour she will make some water but we say a ship is Leake when she makes more water then is ordinary which is some hundred stroakes in 24. or 48. howres The causes of Leakes are either the starting some Treevells the opening of the Seames the eating of the Wormes or else by receiving some shot under water The wayes of stopping are but two either within-boord which can hardly be if the Leake be low amongst the ground-timbers or the hookes but then the best remedy is to drive downe Tallow and Coales mingled together raw-Beefe Oatmeale-baggs or the like if it can be come at then it is easily stopped with Lead if it be a shot they drive-in a Plug with some Canvas about it The other is without-boord when it is easily stopped if it be not too low by heeling the Ship over on the other side and so nailing lead over it but if it be low then to stirch a Bonnet or a Netting which is better with long roape-yarnes opened and so sucking it under the Keele to bring it against the Leake the in-drought of the water will suck in the Ockham and so stop her selfe but this will not continue long when a Ship is Leake the terme is she hath sprung a Leake or she makes much water Ledges Are those small peeces of timber which come thwart ships from the Wast-trees to the Roofe-trees to beare up the Nettings or so if there be a grating over the halfe-Deck Lee. This word is many wayes used but generally the Lee is understood for that which is opposite to the wind The Lee-shore that is the shore against which the wind blowes yet to be under the Lee of the shore is to be close under the weather-shore that is whence the wind doth come a-lee the helme that is put the helme to the leefide of the ship In conding they use to call him at helme to have a care of the Lee-latch that is to looke that the ship goe not to lee-ward of her course a Lee-ward ship is one that is not fast by a-wind and doth not make her way so good as she might To come by the Lee or to lay a ship by the Lee is to bring her so that all her sailes may lie against the Masts and shrowds flat and the wind to come right on her bread-side so that the ship will lie as it were starke still or if she make any way it will be with her broad-side right with the beame The manner of bringing a ship by the Lee if she have all her sailes a-boord is to beare up the helme hard to wind-ward Let rise the fore-rack and veere-out the maine-sheate and take in the Missen or peake it up which is called Spelling the Missen The Lee-fange Is a roape which is reeved into the Creengles of the Courses when we would hale-in the bottom of the saile to lase on the Bonnet in a strong gale they serve also to helpe to take in the saile The Leetch The Leetch of a saile is the outward side or skirt of the saile from the earing to the clew the midle betwixt which is especially to be