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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A09829	The most noble and famous trauels of Marcus Paulus, one of the nobilitie of the state of Venice, into the east partes of the world, as Armenia, Persia, Arabia, Tartary, with many other kingdoms and prouinces. No lesse pleasant, than profitable, as appeareth by the table, or contents of this booke. Most necessary for all sortes of persons, and especially tor trauellers. Translated into English; Travels of Marco Polo. English	Polo, Marco, 1254-1323?; Frampton, John, fl. 1577-1596.	1579 (1579)	STC 20092; ESTC S105055	116,899	196

the Seas adioyning there vnto that can say there is anye other Prouince or Ilande named India sauing that if anye woulde giue to vnderstand that going towarde the West he wente towardes the East and that although he came vnto the terrenall Paradise and that these Ilands shoulde lye in the greate Weast Occean Seas it appeareth playnely for that those that sayle thither steame their Shippe towards the Occident and his direct wind whiche he sayleth withall is out of the Orient or the East So it appeareth that they sayle not vnto the India but that they flye and depart from the India And thus it appeareth that he would say that the firste name that euer it hadde or was sette naming it Antillya seeming that by the corruption of the vulgar naming it Ante India as to say against India euen as Antechrist is contrary or against Christ or Antenorth againste the North. And thus it appeareth that it can not be named India but to vnderstande it as an antephrase cleane contrary as a Negro or a blacke Moore shoulde be named white Iohn or a Negresse or blacke woman to be named a Pearle or a Margarita that for finding gold in the Iland named H●spaniola it should haue the name set Tharsia or Ophin or Sethin nor beléeue it standeth in Asia as some woulde saye although the thyng is so cléere that it séemeth a mockerie to proue it but reason dothe leade that wée shoulde gyue Mylke vnto Children and Infantes Saincte Austine declareth that the circumstance of the letter dothe illuminate the sentence And it appeareth in the thyrde Booke of Kings in the tenth Chapter and the second of Paralipomenon in the ninth Chapter do saye that the Seruantes of Salomon and of Diran doe fynde they broughte from Ophin and Sethin and Tharsis not onely golde but also Siluer and Timber called Thina and Elephantes téeth and Peacocks and Apes and Precious stones the whyche thyngs in infinite places of the very true Indians as well in Countreys farre within the lande as also in Countreys vppon the Sea syde and also in Ilandes wythout number that bée in the Oriente or East Seas shall be founde as by experience of the Merchantes traffiking into the East conforming to the holy Scripture and to all those that doe write as well Catholikes as Prophanes is manyfest And in the Ilande called Spaniola there can bée found no suche Timber nor all the other thyngs before named sauyng Golde the whiche as by this worke wyll appeare is founde in a greate number of places of the Orientall partes What is hée that in bringing gold from Antilla will proue it is from Ophin or Sethin or Tharsis from whence it was brought to Salomon First hée must prooue that it was neuer founde but in one place and that at thys daye it is not to bée had but in the same place only from whence it was broughte to Salomon the which is a manifest vntruth or false And also they that vnderstande that the storie of the holy scripture and the holy prophets when they do now name countries from whence those things be brought and farre Ilandes of Idolatours wheeeas the name of God was not h●ard did not speak but of Spaniola and of the other West parts he must proue there is no other Idolatours in the worlde but those whom he falsely calleth Indians nor other Ilāds but the Spaniola and the other West Ilandes and thys is of a truth all false for Grecia is Ilandes Scicilia a noble Ilande and Malta and Lipari Yzcla Serdenya Corsica Mallorca Minorca Ybisa Canarias England and others infinite in the foure partes of the world before now hath bin founde Of the whiche in the Orient or east is Taprobano which is the most noble Iland in the world and the Ile which is sayde to be so happie and fortunate that of neuer trée there falleth a leafe of in the whole yeare as also by thys Booke of Marcus Paulus is to be séene in the 106. Chapter of one Ilande that is in the Orientall seas .1500 myles in the which there is found gold in so great abundaunce that it is sayde the Kinges Pallace is couered or tyied wyth gold And furthermore it is sayd that the fame is that in those seas be seauen thousand four hundred fortie eight Ilandes in the whiche there is not founde one trée but that is swéete pleasaunt and fruiteful and of great profit wherby we may wel conclud that in many other Ilands there is gold to be found therfore it is not necessarie that the holye Scriptures shoulde be so vnderstanded by Antilla when it is sayde they went for gold to Tharsis Ophyn and Sechyn yea and although they wyll not beléeue the ●ther truthes they can not denye the saying of the holye Scripture in the Seconde Chapter of Genesis where it is sayde that the first riuer that goeth out of Paradise is ●hyson which doth compasse the whole countrey of Eiulath where golde doth growe and that the golde of that countrey is very good and pure nor it was not néedefull to haue thrée yeres from Ierusalem to Antilla as it is for the Ilands of the Indians whiche is more further off by a great deale and with much more difficultnesse to prouyde the precious stones and all other things they brought frō thence and also the wayes be more difficulte and strange by reason of contrarye windes and manye other incumbraunces And that this was not vnderstanded that the people a farre of are these Ilandes now founde it appeareth by Saint Paule in the fiftéenth Chapter to the Romaynes where is expounded the saying of Esay in the 52. Chapter wher it is sayde That those to whom it was not pronounced vnto shoulde sée and those that did not heare of him should vnderstande And this as a lyttle aboue is sayde is vnderstanded that from Ierusalem to the Iles of Grecia to the sea Illyrico which is the end of Grecia and the beginning of Italy by Slauonia or Dalmatia and Venice where before they had not hearde the name of Christ declared And bycause the holye ghost hath interpreted thys sentence by Saint Paul applying that prophecie with other like of his workes there remayneth no licence for other to apply it to Antilla But now let vs come to the summe of this reckning and say that if for the golde that is founde in Antilla wée should beléeue that it is Tharsis and Ophyn and Sethyn by the other things that be founde in Ophyn c and not in Antilla we must beléeue that it is not those nor those it And moreouer it appeareth that Asia and Tharsis Ophyn and Sethyn be in the East and Antilla the Spanyola in the west in place and condition much different FINIS ¶ Here foloweth a Table of the Chapters conteyned in this Booke THe Prologue of the Authour vpon this present Booke How Miser Marcus Paulus vsed himselfe in the Court of the great Cane Cap. 1. Of the meanes

much discord that loke what the one would haue done the other did againe say it and through this meanes they toke neyther Citie nor Towne but only one and they killed all them that they founde therein for that they would not yéeld sauing eyght men whyche could not be killed with any iron for that eache of them had a precio●s stone enchanted in his righte arme betwéene the fleshe and the skynne and these stones did defend thē from death to be killed with yron and knowing of it these two Captaynes procured to kill these eyghte men with clubs of wodde and toke those stones for them selues and in that instant there arose suche a tempest of wind of Septentrion or North so terrible and doubting that their Shippes would breake they hoysed vp Sayle and went vnto another Iland tenne miles distant off frō this and the wind was so terrible that it opened many of their Ships and manye were forced to make backe towards their owne Countrey againe and about .30000 of them fledde by land of these they thought that they were all killed And as soone as it was caulme on the Sea the King of this Iland which had bin so spoyled wente with a great armie of Shippes vnto the other Ilande where as they were gone to haue taken them that were fledde and as soone as hée was on lande with his men the Tartares like wise and politike men retired backe by the Ilande and went vnto the Shyppes of this King whiche they had lefte without strength entred in hoysed vp the Sayles with the Auncientes and Flagges of that King whiche they left behinde in the Ilande and sayled vnto the first Iland where they were receyued and the gates opened thinking it had bin their owne king And in thys manner the Tartares tooke that Citie wherein the King had his habitation and ransacked it And as soone as the King of this Ilande knewe of it he caused many other Shippes to be prepared and with the men that hée had and many of her that hée tooke of new enuironed his proper Citie hauyng it beséeged seauen moneths And finallye the abouesayd Tartares hopyng for no succoure delyuered vp the Citie vnto the right King conditionally to let them go with their liues bagge and baggage Thys hapned in the yeare of our Lorde .1248 In this Ilande there bée Idols that some haue heads like Wolues some heads like Hogges some like Shéepe some like Dogs some haue one head and foure faces some thrée heads hauing one only necke and onely one right hande some haue onely one lefte hande some haue foure handes and some tenne and the Idoll that hath most handes is taken to be the most beautifull and to him that demaundeth of them wherefore they haue so many Idols they doe gyue no other reason sauing that so did their predecessors Whē the people of this Iland do take in battell any stranger if he doe not caunsome himselfe for money they kill him drinke his bloud and eate his flesh This Ilande is enuironed round about with the Occean sea The portes are frée for themselues The Marriners which vse that Sea say that there is in it .7448 Ilandes There is no trée there but he is of a swéete odoure frutefull and of greate profite In this Iland groweth the white Pepper From the Prouince of Mangi vnto the India and home is a yeares sayling the reason is for that there raygneth two stedfast windes the one in the winter and the other in the Sommer contrary the one vnto the other Of the Prouince named Ciabane and of that King who hath .325 sonnes and daughters of his owne There be many Elephants and much spices CHAP. 107. WHen you do go from Iaython whych is vnder the segniorie of the greate Cane towardes the Occidente and somewhat declining towarde the midday fiue dayes iourney you come vnto a Countrey named Cyaban wherein there is a Citie riche great and famous subiect vnto a King that he and his subiects speake the Persian tong And in the yeare of our Lord .1248 the greate Cane sente thither a great Baron named Sagato with a greate armie to conquere that Prouince and hée coulde do nothing but destroy muche of that Countrey and for that he should do no more hurt that King became tributarie vnto the greate Cane and euery yeare he sente him his tribute And I Marcus Paulus was in this countrey in the yeare of our Lord .1275 and I found this King very olde He had many wiues and amongst sonnes and daughters he had .325 Among his sonnes he hadde .25 of them that were very valiante men of armes In thys Countrey there be many Elephants and Lyons greate plenty and great Mountaynes of blacke Ebbante Of the great Iland named Iaua and of many Spices that grow there CHAP. 108. GOing from Ciaban sayling betwéene the midday and Solano or East and by South 1400. miles you come vnto a grea●e Ilande named Iaua whiche is in compasse thrée thousand miles In this Iland there be seauen crowned Kings frée paying no tribute at all In this Ilande there is great abundance of victuals and greate riches hauing very muche Pepper Cinamon Cloues and many other singular Spices in great quantitie The people do honour the Idols The great Cane could neuer make himselfe Lord of it Of the Iland named Iocath and of other two Ilands their conditions and properties CHAP. 109. SAyling seauentéene myles from Iaua betwéene the midday and Solano or East and by South you come vnto two Ilands the one is named Sondure and the other Condur And beyond these two Ilands almost two hundreth miles standeth the Countrey name Iocathe great and rich They speake the Persian tong and worship Idols They pay no kinde of tribute to any man for there is no man that can do them hurt There is found greate plentye of gold and a greate number of the small white shels of the Sea whyche is vsed in some places in stead of money as before it is rehearsed Also there be many Elephantes Vnto this Ilande there commeth very fewe Strangers for that it standeth out of the way Of the Kingdome named Malenir and of the Ilande named Pentera and of Iaua the lesse and of their customes CHAP 110. SAyling beyond Iocath fiue miles towardes the midday you come vnto the Iland named Penthera full of Mountaynes And in the middes of this Iland about forty miles there is but foure passes of water therefore the great Shippes do take off their Rudders and being paste these fiue miles towards the midday you come vnto a Realme named Malenir The Citie and the Iland is named Pepethan where there is plentie of Spices And going forwarde sayling by Solano or East and by South a hundred miles you come vnto the Ilande named Iaua the lesse which is in compasse two hundred miles In this Iland there is eyghte Kings euery one hauing his Kyngdome by himselfe They doe all

thrée parts of the world beforesaid to whiche it may be moste properly iudged to be and lyeth nearest vnto Ethiopia MOreouer you muste note that Ethiopia is a common name to manye Prouinces and Countries inhabited with blacke people called Negros And to begin with the moste Weaste partes the firste is 〈◊〉 that is to saye from Cab● Verde or the gréene Cape and following the co●st of the Sea to the mouth or streite of the Redde Sea. Al those prouinces be called Ethiopians and of these Ethiopians from Ginney vnto Cas● Mansa that is to saye the Kings pallace they be of the sect of Mahomet circumcised the most parte of them And the chiefest and most principall of these people be the Iolofos and Mandingos and be moste parte vnder the gouernement of a King called Mandimansa for Mansa is as muche to saye as Senior or Lord and Mandy Mandinga so by this his title he is Lord Mandinga This King is blacke and his abiding is in the prouince of Sertano four hundred leagues within the land in a Citie compassed about with a wall called Iaga which is riche of golde and siluer and of all suche merchaundize as is occupied in Adem and in Meca and from thence forwarde the Ethiopians be Idolators to the cape called Buona Esperanca and there turneth againe to the sect of Mahomet Beyonde these prouinces following vp into the land of Sartan● bée greate and highe mountaines or hilles called mountaines of the Moone the toppes of them be alwayes couered with Snow at the foote of thē springeth the riuer Nilus and this Countrie is called Ethiopia beside Eg●pt and in Arabia it is called Abas and the inhabitants ●●h●ssm●s and be Christians and doe vse to be marked with an yron in the face they be not baptized with fire as some doe saye but as we are but they be Heretikes Iacobites and Hebeyonites They do holde on the olde lawe with the newe and be circumcised and doe kéepe the Sabaoth daye and doe eate no Po●ke and some of them doe take manye wiues and be also baptized and doe saye that their King came and descended of King Salomon and of the Quéene Saba and this King hathe continuall warres with the Moores There is another Ethiopia called Asiatica interior which the Arabians call Zenium and these doe extende from the sayd hilles of the Moone and of Nilus to the borders of Barbarie And the saying is that among all Riuers onelie Nilus entereth into two Seas that is to saye one braunche into the East Sea and another braunche into the West Sea. All these Ethiopians bée Moores and theyr laboure and occupation is digging of golde out of the grounde where they doe fynde great plentie There is also another Ethiopia called Tragodytica and thys dothe reache or extende from the foresayde Ethiopia to the streyte or mouth of the redde Sea and these bée somewhat whyter and the King and people bée Moores and came out of Arabia foelix for the Arabians came ouer the streyte of the redde Sea and gotte that Countrey of the Iacobites by force and at this daye there is robbing and stealing among them secretely for the King of the Iacobites is of so greate power that the Souldan of Babilon doth giue him tribute Arabia THat whiche wée doe call Arabia the Arabians doe call Arab and is called Gesyrdelaab That whyche is betwéene the redde Sea and Sinus Perficus is called the Iland of Arabia and thys is called Arabia Foelix by reason of the Incense that groweth there There bée other two Arabias besyde thys the one of them extendyng from the Mount Sinay to the dead Sea where the Children of Israell wente fortye yeares and thys is called Arabia petrea takyng that name of a Citie that is there The other dothe extende betwéene Syria and Euphrates towardes the Citie of Lep● and thys they doe call Arabia desan which is as muche to say as of Siria and our Latines doe call it Arabia deserta And wheras the vulgar people and men for the most part do thinke that Antilla or those Ilandes lately found out by commaundemente of the Catholike King Don Fernando and Lady Isabell Quéene be in the Indias they be deceyued therein to call it by the name of the Indias And for bycause that in Spaniola or newe Spayne they do find gold some doe not let to say it is Tharsis and Ophin and Sethin from whence in the time of Salomon they brought gold to Hierusalem And thus augmenting erroures vpon erroures let not to saye that the Prophetes when they sayde that the name of oure Lorde God should be pronounced to people that haue not hearde of it and in places and Countreys very farre off and aparted which is sayd to be vnderstanded by those that be called Indians and by these Ilandes and furthermore doe not let to say to this day that it is to be vnderstanded by the places mentioned in the holy Scripture and the Catholike doctors and that this secret God hath kept hidden all this time and by finding out these Ilands did reueale it I séeing how they are deceyued in their vayne inuentions and greate simplicitie for zeale and good will of the truth and to kill this canker that it créepe no more nor ingender greater erroures will giue light to this errour answering to the said muttering talkers according as to euery of them doth require And first you shall vnderstande that this name India according to all Cosmographers as well Christians as Infidels of old time and of later yeares the name dothe come of a Riuer named Hynde or Hyndo that going towards the East is the beginning of the Indias whiche bée thrée in number that is to say the first is called the lower or nether India the seconde is called the middle India and the third is called the high or vpper India The first or lower India is renamed Caysar and these do extend towards the East from the Riuer India vnto a Porte or Hauen on the Sea side of great traffike and trade called Cambaya And the King of this India and also the most part of the people be Moores and the rest Idolaters The second or middle India is surnamed Mynbar and dothe reache to the borders of Colchico and this hath very faire Hauens and Portes of greate traffike where they doe lade Pepper Ginger and other Spices and Drugges The Portes or Hauens be called Colocud Coulen Hely Faten●r Colnugur and héere be many Christians Heretikes Nestorians and many Indians although towards the North they be Idolaters The thirde India whiche is the hygh India is surnamed Mahabar and dothe extend vnto Cauch whiche is the Riuer Gange Héere groweth plentye of Sinamon and Pearle The King and people of thys Countrey worship the Oxe Besides these thrée Indias whiche lye towardes the rising of the Sunne there can not be found neyther Author nor Man that hathe trauelled the firme land neyther

the Kingdome named Melibar and of the things found there CHAP. 122. MElibar is a greate Kingdome in India towards the Occidente and the King payeth no tribute All the people of this Countrey be Idolaters Out of thys Realme and the nexte there goe manye Shippes vnto the Sea a rouing whiche robbe all kind of people They do carrie with them their wiues and chyldren and they sayle in all the Sommer a hundred Shippes togither and when they doe come to the shore they roue into the Countrey a hundred miles taking all that they can finde doyng no hurte vnto the people saying vnto them Go and gette more for peraduenture you shall come againe into our hands In this Countrey there is plentye of Pepper of Ginger and of Turbit which is certayne rootes for medicines Of thys Countrey and their conditions I will not rehearse for it would be very tedious therefore I will passe vnto the Realme of Giesurath Of the Kingdome named Giesurath of their euill conditions CHAP. 123. GIesurath is a Kingdome in lawe faith and tong of the Persians standing towards the Occidente All the people are Idolaters Frō hence you maye playnely sée the North Starre In this kingdome be the worst and cruellest Rouers in the worlde they doe take the Merchantes not onely taking their goodes but setting a price of their ransome for their bodyes and if they do not pay it in a short time they giue them so great tormentes that many dye of it Héere they worke good Leather of all maner of coloures Of the Kingdome named Thoma and of the Kingdome Sembelech which stand in India the great CHAP. 124. GOing from Giesurath towardes the Occidente you come vnto the Kingdomes of Thoma vnto Sembelech In these Realmes there is al kind of Merchandizes And these Realmes haue the language and fayth of Persia and in none of them both there groweth anye other sustenance than Rice They are Realmes and Prouinces of India the great Of the things already declared CHAP. 125. I Haue onely declared of the Prouinces and Kingdomes of India which stande only vpon the Sea coast and haue declared nothyng vnto you of the Prouinces and Kingdomes within the land for then this treatise would be very long and tedious vnto the Readers but yet something of those partes I will not let to declare Of tvvo Ilands the one of men and the other of women Christians and how there is much Amber CHAP. 126. WHen you go from Besmaceian sayling thorough the meane sea towards the midday or South .25 miles you come vnto two Ilandes of Christians the one thirtie miles distant from the other The Iland where there is all men is named Masculine and the other where there is all women is named Feminine The people of those Ilands are as one The men go not vnto the women nor the women vnto the men but thrée monethes in the yeare as to witte August September and October and these thrée moneths the men and women are togither and at the third moneths end they returne vnto their owne houses doing the rest of their businesse by thēselues The children Males tarrie with their mothers vntill they be seauen yeares of age and then they goe vnto their fathers In this Ilande there is greate plentye of Amber by reason of the greate number of Whales that they do take In thys Iland they are good fishers and take greate plentie of fishe and dr●e it at the sunne hauing great trade with it Here they liue wyth fleshe milke fishe and rice and there increaseth no other sustenaunce Here ruleth and gouerneth a Bishop suffragane of the Archbishop of Discorsia Of the Iland named Discorsia vvhiche are Christians and of the things that be founde there CHAP. 127. GOing from these two Ilandes and sayling towards the middaye 500. myles ▪ you come vnto an Ilande named Discorsia wherein are Christians and haue an Archebishoppe Here is great abundāce of Amber Also they do make very faire clothes of Cottenwooll the people goe all naked without any clothing Here is the stall of Rouers and Pirates and the Christians buy with a good wil the goods whiche they bring haue robbed for that these Pyrates do not robbe but only the Moores and Paynims and meddle not with the Christians When a ship sayleth vnder sayle with a prosperous winde a whole day the day following the Pyrates with inchauntmentes of the Diuel cause the shippe to haue a contrarie winde and so take it Of the Ilande named Maydeygastar vvhere Elephantes be founde and other strange things and the foule named Nichas which h●th quils on his wings twelue paces in length and of many other conditions CHAP. 128. MAydeygastar is an Ilande standing towardes the midday distaunt from Discorsia about a thousande myles This Ilande is gouerned by foure Moores and hath in compasse a thousand four hundred myles Here is greate trade of Merchaundise for Elephantes téeth for that there is great plentie they eate no other flesh in this Iland but of Elephants and of Cammels Here be many mountaines of redde Sandalos or Saunders trées also there is founde greate plentie of Amber Here is good hunting of wilde beasts and hauking of foules and hither come many shippes with Merchaundise Also there is very great plentie of wilde Boares There was sente from hence vnto the greate Cane the Iawe of a wilde Boare which wayghed twentie fiue poundes In some times of the yeare there is founde in this Ilande a certaine foule named Nichas which is so big that the quill of his wings is of twelue paces long and he is of suche bignesse and strength that he with his talents taketh an Elephante and carrieth him vp into the ayre and so killeth him and the Elephant so being dead he letteth him fal and leapeth vpon him and so féedeth at his pleasure Of the Iland named Tanguybar vvhere there be men like Gyants CHAP. 129. TAnguybar is an Ilande of great nobility being tenne thousand myles in compasse and the people of this countrey are Idolatours and so bigge and grosse that they séeme like Giants One of them wil bear a burthen as waightie as sixe of our men may beare They are all black and go naked without any couer These men are fearefull to beholde hauing greate mouthes and a great redde nose great eares and bygge eyes horrible in sight The women are filthy and euil fauoured There is great trade of Merchandise These people are bigge of their bodies strong and great fighters and estéeme not their liues The wilde beastes of thys Iland differ much from other wilde beastes of other Ilāds and countries Of the things rehearsed CHAP. 130. YOu shall vnderstande that all whyche I haue declared of India is only of the noble and great prouinces bordering vppon the sea coastes and I doe beléeue that there was neuer man Christian nor Iew nor Paynim that hath séene so much of the leuaunt parties as I Marcus paulus haue séene for I

and haue muche Pepper named the greatest and of the long Pepper and greate plentie of Camphore and golde The trée that maketh the pepper is like the Yedra or Iuie trée the berries are gréen lyke vnto the Iuniper berries and redde and being mingled wyth ashes they harden with the sunne there is a gréene fruite named Durians of the bignesse of Cucumbers And there be some of them lyke Orengies or Lemans of diuerse sauours and taste as like butter lyke milke and like curdes In that part of this lande whiche is named Bateth the Antropophagos dwel and haue continuall warre with their neyghbours and eate the fleshe of their enimies that they doe take and kéepe their heades for treasure and vse them in steade of money when they do buy anye thing in giuing moste heades for the thing that is most worth and he that hath moste heades of the deade men in his kéeping is estéemed to be most rich Hauing the Iland Taprobana and sayling fiftéene days he arriued by tempest of weather vnto the entring of a riuer called Tenaserim and in this region there be manye Elephants and there groweth much Brasill And goyng from thence trauelling many dayes iourney by land and by sea he entred at the mouth of the Ryuer Gangey and sayled fiftéene dayes vp the riuer and came vnto a Citie named Cernomen very noble and plentiful Thys Riuer Gangey is of suche breadth that Saylyng in the middest you shall sée no lande on neyther side and hée affyrmeth that it is in some places fiftéene myles in breadth In the armes and braunches of this ryuer there be Canes of suche a maruellous lēgth and so bigge that scarce a manne maye compasse one of them wyth both his armes and of the hollownesse or pith of them they do make things to fishe with and of the wood which is more than a spanne thick they do make boates to trauell with vpon the riuer and from knot to knotte of these Canes it hath of hollownesse the length of a man There be in this riuer certaine beasts hauing four féete named Crocodiles which liue in the day time vpon the lād and in the night in water and there be many kindes of fishe whiche are not founde among vs and vppon the braunches of this riuer be manye fayre Gardens habitations and delectable grounde On eche side there groweth a kinde of fruite muche like vnto a figge whych is named Musa and it is verye pleasaunte and more swéete than honnye Also there is another fruite whyche we call Nuttes of India and manye other diuerse fruites Going from hence vppe the ryuer thrée moneths leauing behinde him foure famous Cities he came to a goodlye famous Citie named Maarazia where there is great plenty of the trées called Alloes and plentie of golde and siluer Pearles and precious stones And going from hence he directed hys waye vnto the mountaines of the Orient for to haue Carbuncles and trauelling thirtéene dayes he returned firste to Cermon and afterwardes vnto Buffetanya And after that sayling a whole moneth by sea he came vnto the entring of the riuer Nican and sayling vppon it sixe dayes he came vnto the Citie also named Nican and he went from thence seauentéene dayes iourney throughe deserte mountaynes and plaine countrey the fiftéene days of plaine countrey vntil he came to a riuer greater than the riuer Gange which the people of that countrey cal Claua and sayling vp this riuer a month he came vnto a famous great Citie called Aua being 15. miles in compa●●e This prouince is named of the inhabitauntes Marcin● They haue greate plenty of Elephantes for their Kyng dothe kéepe tenne thousande of them for the warres ▪ and setteth vpon euery Elephantes backe a Castell whyche maye carrie eyghte or tenne men with Speares and Shields or Bowes or Crossebowes He rehearsed that they toke the Elephantes in this manner Plinie agreeth vnto the like They let the tame Elephants females goe vnto the mountaynes vntill suche time as the wilde bee acquainted with them for the male commonly doth content himselfe with one female and when they haue once acquaintance the female bringeth the wild by little and little grasing vnto a small yard strongly walled hauyng two dores one to come in at and another to goe out at The female when she is in at the first gate she goeth out at the seconde and the male following hir the two dores be locked againste him and then hauing him within by certayne loupe holes made for the purpose there commeth in to the number of a thousand men euery one with his snare in his hande and one of those men presenteth himselfe before the Elephant which runneth thinking to kill the man and then all those men runne vnto the Elephant fastning those snares on his féete and whē they be fastned with great diligence they do tye the snares vnto a great post which is set there for that purpose and they let him alone so thrée or four dayes till he be more feeble and after the space of fiftéene dayes they giue him a little grasse in the whiche time he wareth tame and then they do tye him among other tame Elephants and carrie him aboute the Citie and in tenne dayes he becommeth as gentle as one of the others Also he sayde they did tame them in this other wise that they had and dra●e them vnto a valley compassed round about where they did put vnto them the females that were tame and being somewhat féeble with hunger they draue them into strayter places made for the nonce where they be made tame and these the Kings do buy for their owne vse Some are fedde with Rice and Butter and some with grasse The wilde Elephantes féede vpon grasse and vpon the trées of the fields He that hathe charge of them rul●th them with a rodde of yron or a ring whiche he putteth round about his head The Elephants haue so much prouidence that manye with their féete pull away the Speares from their enimies for that they shoulde not hurt those that be vpon their backes The King rideth vpon a white Elephant which hath a chayne of golde about his necke being long vnto his féete set full of many precious stones The men of this Countrey haue but one wife a péece Both men and women of this Countrey pricke themselues making diuers markes and of diuers couloures on theyr bodyes They be all Idolaters and assoone as they do rise in the morning they looke into the Orient holding their hāds togither and worship There is in that Countrey a certayne kinde of fruite like vnto the Orenge whiche they doe call Cyeno full of iuice and swéetenesse Also there is a trée whiche they doe call Tall whereon they do write for in all India except it bée in the Citie of Combahita they doe vse no paper and it beareth a fruite like vnto the Turnep but they are greate and tender like vnto Gelly It is pleasant in eating but the ryne is

more pleasant There be in that Countrey daungerous Serpents of sixe cubites in length and as thicke as a man hauing no féete The people of that Country haue great delight in eating of those Serpēts rosted Also they do eate a certayne redde Ante as bigge as a crabbe estéeming it much drest with Pepper Also there is a certaine Beast hauing a head like vnto a Hogge the tayle lyke vnto an Oxe and a horne in his forehead like vnto a Vnicorne but smaller by a cubite He is couloure and bignesse like vnto the Elephante He is an enimie to the Elephant The vtter part of his hornes is good for medicines against poyson and for this cause he is had in great price and estimation At the end of this Region towards Catay there be Oren both blacke and white had in great estimation They haue a mane and a tayle lyke vnto a Horse but more hearie and reacheth vnto their féete The heares of their tailes be very fine and like vnto feathers and they be sold by weight and therof they do make Moscaderos or Table clothes for the Altares of their Gods or for to couer the Table of their King or for to trimme them with gold and siluer to couer the buttocks or breasts of their Horses for beautyfulnesse they estéeme thē for principall ornaments Also the Knightes hang of these heares fast by the yron of their Speares in token among them of singular nobilite Beyond the sayde Marcino there is another Prouince more principall than the others which is named Cataya Cataya and he is Lord of it that is named the great Cane whych is as muche to saye in their tong as Emperoure The great Cane and the City royall which is .28 miles in compasse four square is named Cymbalechya There standeth in the middest thereof a very faire and strong Pallace that serueth for the king At euery corner standeth a round fortresse of .4 miles compasse whiche serue for houses of all manner of armoure and necessarie engines for the warre and combat against any Citie And from the Pallace royall there runneth a wall with arches vnto euery one of these fortresses whereon the King may go vnto any of them if in case they would rise against him in the Citie From thys Citie fiftéene dayes iourney there standeth another Citie newly edifyed by the great Cane and is named Nentay It is in compasse thirtie miles and is most populous of all the rest And this Nicholas affirmeth that the houses and Pallaces and all other policies of these two Cities séemed much like vnto those of Italy the men béeing modest and curteous and of more riches thā the other be Going from Aua vpon a small riuer seauentene dayes iourney he came vnto a Hauen Citie being very greate named Zeitano and from thence he entred into another Riuer and in tenne dayes he came vnto another greate and populous Citie whiche is in comapasse .12000 paces whiche is called Paconya where he remayned foure monethes In this Citie he founde Vines though they were few for all India lacketh Vines and Wine nor they make no wine of the Grapes This Grape groweth among the trées and after the Grape is cut the first thing of all if they do not sacrifice with it vnto their Gods it is by and by auoyded out of their sight Also there be in this Countrey Pines Aberrycocks Chestnuttes and Mellons although they be small and gréene Héere is whyte Sandales or Saunders and Camphora or Camphire There is in India farre within almost at the furthest end of the world two Ilandes and both of them are named Laua the one is of two miles in length and the other of thrée towards the Orient and they are knowen in the name for the one is called the greate and the other the lesse And turning vnto the Sea he went vnto them béeing distant from the mayne land a monethes sayling and the one is a hundred miles distāt from the other He was in these with his wife and children nine moneths for in all his pilgrimage he had them euer with him The dwellers in these Ilands are the most cruell and vncharitable people in the world They eate Rattes Cattes Dogges and other viler beastes They estéeme it nothing to kill a man and he that doth any crime hathe no penaltie and the debters be giuen to be as slaues vnto the creditors and some debters will rather dye than serue and take a Sword and kill those that are weaker than they till they find one that is of more strength than themselfe who killeth them then they carrie the creditor of that murtherer before the Iudge and cause him to pay the debtes of the debler If any of them do buy a new Sword or knife he proueth it vpon the body of the firste that he méeteth and there is no penaltie for it Those that come by looke vpon the wound and prayse the hardinesse of him that did it if it be a great wound They take as many wiues as they list They do vse much the game of Cockfighting and they that bring them as well as the lokers on lay wagers whiche Cocke shall ouercome and winne the game In Laua the great there is a Fowle like vnto a Doue which hath no féete his feathers light and a long tayle he resteth alwayes on the trées hys flesh is not eaten the skinne and tayle are estéemed for they do vse to weare them on their heads Sayling fiftéene dayes beyond these two Ilandes towards the Orient you come vnto two other Ilands the one is named Sanday where there is Nutmegges and Almaxiga or Masticke The other is called Bandan where Cloues grow and from thence it is caryed vnto the Ilands named Clauas In Bandan there be thrée kinds of Popiniayes or Parrets with redde feathers and yellowe billes and others of diuers couloures whiche are called Noros that is to say cleare They are as bigge as doues There be other white ones as bigge as Hennes named Cachos that is to say better for they excéede the others and they speake like men in so muche that they doe aunswere vnto the things that they are asked of The people of these two Ilandes are blacke by reason of the greate heate Beyond these Ilands there is a mayne Sea but the contrary winds will not suffer men to trauell on it Leauing these sayde Ilands and hauing done his Merchandise he toke his waye towards the Occidente or Weste and came vnto a Citie named Cyampa hauing abundaunce of Aloes and of Camphora or Camphire and of golde and in so muche time as he came hither whiche was a moneth he came vnto a Citie named Coloen whiche is a noble Citie of thrée miles compasse where there is Ginger named Conbobo and Pepper and Vergino and Sinamon which is named Gruessa Thys Prouince is named Melibarya Also there be Serpents of sixe cubites in length and fearefull to behold but they do no hurt except they receyue hurt