highly probable that this individual Part of the Bay was the very place of the Whale's delivery it being the nearest to Nineveh of any in the Levant Which conjecture I humbly suppose is somewhat more reasonable than that of some dreaming Ancients who vainly imagin'd that the monstrous Fish did almost surround one fourth part of the World in seventy two hours and that when big with Child Archbishopricks Bishopricks Universities See Natolia The Inhabitants of this Country are mostly Turks and Greeks whose respective Characters are already given in Turky of Europe pages 174 and 181. as also many Jews and Armenians with other sorts of Christians intermixt of whom the Reader may find some Account towards the latter part of this Section when we come to treat of Palestine and the Euphratian Provinces The chief Language of this Country is the Turkish for a Specimen of which Vid. page 181. the Ancient Syriac being lost among ' em The various Europeans here residing do commonly use the Lingua Franca This Country being subject unto and successively rul'd by the Seleucidae the Romans the Saracens the Christians and Sultans of Egypt was at last conquer'd by the Turks in the time of Selimus I. Anno 1517. under whose heavy Yoke it hath ever since groan'd and is at present govern'd by its particular Bassa appointed by the Grand Signior whose place of Residence is ordinarily at Aleppo the principal City of this Province and thought to be the Aram Sobah mention'd in Holy Scripture But the whole Country of Syria according to its Modern Extant is subject to three Bassa's the first commonly residing as aforesaid at Aleppo the second at Damascus in Phaenice and the third at Tripoli of Syria Subordinate to each of these Bassa's both here and in other Parts of the Ottoman Dominions are various Cadi's or Judges who hear and determine the several Causes whether Civil or Criminal which at any time happen between Man and Man And here I can't omit one particular which as 't is a mighty disparagment to this People so I wish 't were peculiar to them viz. their Mercenary Distribution of Justice for not always the Equity of the Cause but the Liberality of the Party does ordinarily determine the Matter As some of our English Factories in these Parts of the World have experienc'd more than once See the Ensigns Armorial of the Grand Signior page 182. The establisht Religion of this Country is that of Mahometanism the Essential Tenets of which are already set down page 182. to which I remit the Reader But since one thing enjoyn'd by that Religion is the most excellent and necessary Duty of Prayer I can't omit one laudable Practice of this People in that Point I mean not only their imitable frequency in performing this Duty but also their most commendable fervency and seriousness in the performance of it For whenever they set about the same they Address themselves to the Almighty with all profound Respect and Reverence imaginable and in the humblest Posture they can sometimes standing often kneeling and frequently prostrating themselves on the Ground and kissing the same and during the whole performance their very Countenance doth plainly declare the inward Fervour and Devotion of their Mind Yea so exact and punctual are they in observing the various Hours appointed for Prayer and so serious and devout in performing that Duty that the generality of us Christians have too good Reason in both these Respects to say with the Poet Pudet haec opprobria nobis c. The Muezans or Marabounds being those Persons who call the People to Prayers use commonly these words Allah ekber allah ekber allah ekber eschadou in la illah illallah hi allc salla hi alle salla allah ekber allah ekber allah ekber la illa illalah i. e. God is great God is great God is great give Testimony that there is but one God Come yield your selves up to his Mercy and pray him to forgive you your Sins God is great God is great God is great there is no other God but God Dispers'd over all this Country and intermixt with the Turks are many Jews and various sorts of Christians particularly Greeks Armenians Maronites c. but most lamentable is the State of those Christians at present not only in respect of that woful Ignorance under which they universally labour and the Turkish Slavery and Insolence to which they 're expos'd but also in point of those dismal Heats and Divisions those numerous Factions and Parties now among 'em For so bitterly inveterate are they against one another and to such a height do their Animosities frequently come as to give fresh Occasion to the Common Enemy to harass them more and more Christianity was planted very early in these parts of the World most of this Country being watered with the Blessed Gospel in the Apostolick Age. Phaenicia or Phaenice THIS Country very famous of old but now of a very sad and melancholy Aspect and groaning under the Turkish Yoke hath undergone such dismal Devastations by the destroying Arabs that there 's nothing now remarkable in it save a few Ancient Maritime Cities mostly in Ruines which yet maintain something of Trade with Strangers as particularly Damascus call'd by the Turks Scham St. John d'Acre formerly Ptolemais and lastly Sure and Said which were the Ancient Tyre and Sydon Leaving therefore this desolate Country we pass on to Palestine or Judaea THIS Country most memorable in Holy Scripture and sometimes stil'd Canaan from Canaan the Son of Cham sometimes the Land of Promise because promis'd to Abraham and his Seed and sometimes Judaea from the Nation of the Jews or People of the Tribe of Juda is term'd by the Italians and Spaniards Palestina by the French Palestine by the Germans Palestinen or das Gelobte-land by the English Palestine or The Holy Land It 's call'd Palestine quasi Philistim from the Philistins once a mighty Nation therein and Holy Land because 't was the Scene of the Life and Sufferings of the ever Blessed and most Holy Jesus the glorious Redeemer of Men. The Air of this Country excepting those Parts adjacent to the Lake of Sodom of which afterwards is so extraordinary pleasant serene and healthful to breath in that many of its present Inhabitants do frequently arrive to a considerable Age. The opposite Place of the Globe to Palestine is that part of the vast Pacifick Ocean between 245 and 250 Degrees of Longitude with 29 and 32 Degrees of South Latitude This Country situated partly in the 4th and 5th North Climate and not exceeding seventy Leagues in length from North to South and thirty in breadth from East to West was blessed with an extraordinary rich and fertil Soil producing all things in such abundance that the Scripture terms it a Land flowing with Milk and Honey yea so wonderful was the fertility thereof and such vast multitudes of People did it maintain that King
demonstrated by the Terrestrial Globe That it is not above Twenty four hours Sailing from the River of Thames in England to the City of Messina in Sicily at a certain time of the Year providing there be a brisk North Wind a light Frigat and an Azimuth Compass These are the chief Paradoxical Positions in matters of Geography which mainly depend on a thorough Knowledge of the Globe and though it is highly probable that they 'll appear to some as the greatest of Fables yet we may boldly affirm That they 're not only equally certain with the aforesaid Theorems but also we are well-assur'd that there 's no Mathematical Demonstration of Euclid more infallibly true in its self than is every one of them However we think it not fit to pull off the Vizor or expose those masked Truths to publick View since to endeavour the unmasking of them may prove a private Diversion both pleasant and profitable to the Ingenious Reader at his more vacant Hours we hastning in the mean time to the last Thing propos'd viz. SECT V. Concerning Land and Water THE Surface of the Terraqueous Globe to which we intirely restrict our selves both here and in the following Part of this Treatise being always considered by Geographers as a Supersicies compos'd of Land and Water as its sole constituent Parts and these Parts being subdivided page 13. as followeth viz. Land into Continents Isthmus Islands Promontories Peninsula's Mountains Water into Oceans Straits Seas Lakes Gulfs Rivers Of all these separately and in their Order Therefore §. 1. Of CONTINENTS Commonly reckon'd Four viz. those of Europe Africa Asia America Europe North Scandinavia found from W. to E. Muscovia or Russia Middle France found from W. to E. Germany Poland South Spain found from W. to E. Italy Turky in Europe Asia North comprehending the vast Body of Tartary South China found from E. to W. India Persia Turky in Asia Africa Egypt found from N. to S. Barbary Bildulgerid Zaara or the Desert Land of the Negroes Guinea Nubia Ethiopia Interior Exterior America North Mexico or New Spain from S. to N. New Mexico or Nova Granada Florida Terra Canadensis Terra Arctica South Terra Firma from N. to S. Peru Land of the Amazons Brasil Chyli Paraguay Terra Magellanica Terra Antarctica §. 2. Of ISLANDS They belong either to Europe Africa Asia America Europe The Scandinavian Islands Lying in the N. and Baltick-Sea The Island of Ice-land W. of Scandinavia The Britannick Islands N. of France The Azores W. of Spain The Mediterranean Islands S. of Europe Asia The Japan Islands E. of China The Philippin S. W. of Japan The Isles des Larrons E. of the Philippin The Moloccoes S. of the Philippin The Islands of the Sund W. of the Moluccoes Ceylon and the Maldives W. of the Isles of Sund. Africa more Remarkable Madagascar E. of Ethiopia The Isles of Cape Verde W. of Negroland The Canary Islands W. of Bildulgerid The Madera W. of Barbary Less Remarkable The Isles of Comore N. W. of Madagascar St. Thomas's Island W. of Ethiopia Lat. 00 The Princess Island W. of Ethiopia Lat. 3. St. Helena S. W. of St. Thomas Isle of Ascention N. E. of St. Helena America North are California W. of Nova Granada Newfoundland E. of Terra Canadensis Middle are the Antilles Greater Cuba E. of New Spain Jamaica Hispaniola Port-rito Lesser Caribees S. E. of the greater Antilles Lucayes S. E. of Florida Sotovento N. of Terra Firma Bermudas E. of Florida South is Terra del Fuogo S. of Terra Magellanica §. 3. Of PENINSULA's Europe Juitland adjacent to Germany Morea Greece Taurica Chersonesus Little Tartary Asia Peninsula Indiae intra Gangem the Continent of Asia extra Gangem the Continent Mallaca or Chersonese d'or Peninsula Indiae intra Gangem In Africa is none but Africa it self the W. of Asia America Mexico or North America South America Peru or South America North §. 4. Of ISTHMUS In Europe are the Isthmus of Corinth joining Morea to Greece Taurica Chersonesus Taurica Chersonesus to Little Tartary In Asia is the Isthmus of Malacca Malacca to Penins Indiae intra Gangem In Africa is the Isthmus of Swez Africa to Asia In America is the Isthmus of Panama Mexico and Peru. §. 5. Of PROMONTORIES or CAPES In Europe Cape Nord Extending from The Northmost part of Norway Cape la Hogue The N. of France The Lands-End The S. W. of England The Lizard The S. The Start The S. Cape de Finisterra The W. of Spain Cape de Rocca The W. Cape St. Vincent The W. Asia Cape Ningpo The E. of China Cape Comorin Penins Indiae inter Gangem Cape Razalgate S. E. part of Arabia Africa Cape Spartel The W. of Barbary Cape Verde The W. of Negroeland Cape of Good Hope The S. of Ethiopia exterior Cape of Guardifeu The N. E. part of Ethiopia exterior America Cape de Florida The S. of Florida Cape de Coriente The W. of New Spain Cape Froward The S. of Terra Magellanica Cape Hoorn The S. of Terra del Fuogo Cape de S. Augustine The E. of Brasil §. 6. Of MOUNTAINS Remarkable Mountains in Europe The Dolfrine Hills To be seen Between Sweden and Norway Boglowy In the Souther part of Moscovia Hyperborean Mountains In the Norther part The Sevennes In the South part of France Auvergne The Vauge In Lorraine Fitshtelberge In circulating Bohemia Schwartzwaldin In the S. of Germany viz. Suabia The Carpathean Mount In the South parts of Poland The Pyrenaean Hills Between Spain and France The Alps Between Italy and France Germany The Appenine Hills Dividing Italy into East West Vesuvius à Vulcano In the Kingdom of Naples Balkan In the N. of Macedon The Holy Mount In the E. of Macedon Lacha Between Thessaly and Macedon The Grampion Hills In Scotland viz. S. of the River Dee The Cheviot Hills Between Scotland and England Malvern Hills In England viz. Worcestershire The Peake In England viz. Darbyshire Snowdon In Wales viz. Carnarvenshire Plinlimmon In Wales viz. Cardiganshire Knock Patrick In Ireland viz. in the C. Limerick Stromboli à Vulcano In a little Island W. of Naples Aetna à Vulcano In the Island of Sicily Remarkable Mountains in Asia Imaus To be seen In Tartary Caucasus Between Tartary Mogul's Empire Sardonix On the N. of Penin intra Gangem Guaco In Peninsula Indiae intra Gangem Taurus reaching from E. to W. of all Asia Adam's Pike In the Island of Ceylon Africa Montes Lybici Between Zaara and Egypt Atlas In the W. of Barbary Bildulgerid Basili In the N. of the Abyssine Empire Amara Under the Eq. in the same Empire Montes Lunae Between Abyssine Empire Monomotapa Tenerife In the Island of Tenerife America The Apalachin Hills Between Florida Terra Canadensis The Andes In S. America running from S. to N §. 7. Of OCEANS Europ The Hyperborean Ocean Enclosing Europe in the North. The vast Western West Asia Tartarean Ocean Asia on the North. China East Indian South
prop. so call'd Chief Town Prague S. to N. Lusatia higher Northward Soraw 〈◊〉 lower Southward Pantzen Moravia Eastern Weiskirk Olmutz Western Olmutz D. of Silesia higher Southward Troppaw Breslaw lower Northward Breslaw After the 10 Circles of Germany followeth Switzerland comprehending 13 Cantons with several Confederate Cities and Proefectures 1. The thirteen Cantons are those of Zurick Switz Glaris Solothurn Bern Underwald Basil Schafhousen Lucern Zug Friburg Apenzel These Cantons are set down according to their Votes in the general Diets each of them hath a capital City of its own Name except Uri chief Town Altorf and Underwald chief Town Stant and are reduced to three Classes Viz. West comprehending Basil from N. to S. Soloturn Bern Freiburg Middle comprehending Schafhouse from N. to S. Zurich Zug Lucern Switz Underwald Uri East comprehending Apenzil from N. to S. Glaris 2. The chief Confederates of the Switzers are the Grisons ch T. Coire W. of the County of Tirol City of Geneva Lake of Geneva 3. The chief Praefectures of the Switzers are Baden on the W. N. W. of Zurick Bremgarten Mellingen Sargans N. of the Grisons To the German Empire we might here annex the Kingdom of Hungary it being now almost intirely under the Emperour But of it when we come to Turkey in Europe THIS great Body being divided as aforesaid into Ten Circles and the first of these viz. Belgium or the Netherlands being most observable upon several accounts we shall take a particular View of the same as it consists of Holland and Flanders and then treat of all the rest conjunctly under the general Title of Upper Germany Therefore §. 1. HOLLAND THis Country of old Batavia a part of Ancient Belgium is 〈◊〉 by the Italians and Spaniards Holanda by the French Hollande by the Germans and English Holland so call'd as many imagin from Hol and land two Teutonic words signifying a low or hollow sort of Land But others choose rather to dâ—â—ive the Name from Oeland an Island in the Baltick Sea whose Inhabitants being great Pyrats and frequently ranging these Seas at 〈◊〉 did seize upon and settle themselves in this part of the 〈◊〉 The Air of this Country is generally thick and moist by reason of the frequent Fogs which arise from the many Lakes and Channels with which this Country abounds And to Moistness of the Air it is that we may impute the Cause of the â—ency of Agues to which the Inhabitants are so subject The â—site Place of the Globe to Holland is that part of the vast Paciâ—â—â— Ocean between 205 and 210 Degrees of Longitude with 51 and 54 Degrees of South Latitude This Country lying very low and in the Tenth North Climate Its Soil is Naturally wet and fenny but the industrious Inhabitants do so drain it by a vast Multitude of Artificial Channels that the Ground is made very fit both for Pasture and Tillage especially the former they imploying the greatest part of their Land in Grazing vast Herds of Kine The Length of the Days and Nights is the same as in England South of the Humber Although the Commodities of this Country proceeding from its natural Growth may strictly speaking be reckon'd only Butter and Cheese yet by reason of the many useful Manufactures which this People encourage at home the very Materials of which are brought from other Nations and that wonderful Trade which they manage abroad in most Parts of the known World we may reckon it as a Publick Warehouse of the richest and best Commodities of all Nations The chief Remarkables in Holland are these following viz. 1. The vast Multitude of Artificial Sluces and Canals being a Work of prodigious Expence and great Convenience both for Traffick and Travelling 2. The Burg in Leyden being reckon'd a notable Piece of Antiquity with the many rare Curiosities to be seen in the famous University there 3. The Curious Fountains especially that call'd The Basin of Venus and the two great Cascades or Water-falls in the pleasant Gardens belonging to Loo 4. The brazen Font in St. Peter's Church in Zutphen Remarkable for its admirable Workmanship 5. The two brazen Dishes in the Village of Losdun in which were Baptiz'd Anno 1276. by Don William Suffragan Bishop of Treves 365 Children born at one Birth by the Countess of Heneberg Daughter to Florent the 4th Earl of Holland 6. The Remarkable Stone Quarry near Maestricht which looks like a vast Subterraneous Palace it reaching under a large Hill supported by some Thousands of square Pillars commonly 20 Foot high between which are spacious Walks and many private Retirements of great Use in time of War they serving as a sure Refuge to the neighbouring Country People who commonly resort thither with their Goods when alarm'd by an approaching Enemy 7. The Room where the Synod of Dort was held Anno 1619 with the Seats as they then stood is shewn to Strangers as another Curiosity of this Country To these we may add the stately brazen Statue of the famous Desid Erasmus in the City of Rotterdam as also the little obscure House where that Great and Eminent Man was born which is likewise shewn to Strangers having this Distich over its Door Aedibus his ortus Mundum decor avit Erasmus Artibus ingenuis Relligione Fide Here is but one Archbishoprick in this Country viz. Utricht and that only Titulary Under the Archbishop of Utrecht are Five Titular Suffragans viz. Those of Deventer Groningen Harlem Leuwarden Middleburgh Universities in this Country are those of Leyden Utrecht Franeker Groningen Harderwick The Natives of this Country are reckon'd none of the Politest sort of People either in Thought or Behaviour especially the latter in which they so little endeavour to follow the various Modes and nice Punctilio's of Ceremony in Use among their Neighbours the French that they choose rather to run to the other extream The chief if not only Quality of this People besides the singular Neatness of their Houses is that wonderful Genius to a laudable Industry wherewith they seem to be Universally inspir'd Persons of all Ages Sexes and Stations being some way or other usefully imploy'd By which industrious Hand in carrying on several profitable Manufactures at home and managing a prodigious Trade abroad they have of late advanc'd themselves to such a height of Power and Treasure as to become even terrible to crown'd Heads The Language here spoken is the Low Dutch a Dialect of the German having several corrupted French and Latin words intermixt a Language that hath nothing to recommend it to Strangers How it differs from the High German will best appear by their Pater Noster which runs thus Onse Vader die in de hemelen Ziit Uwen Naem werde geheylight Uw ' koninckritche home Uwen wille geschiede geliick in den hemel alsoo oock op der atrden On s ' dagelicks broot geef on s heden Ende vergeeft on s onse schulden geliick
of Man THIS Island call'd Monoeda by Ptolomy and by Pliny Mondbia enjoys a very cold and sharp Air being expos'd on every side to the bleak piercing Winds from the Sea Its Soil oweth much of its Fertility to the Care and Industry of the Husbandman The Inhabitants a mixture of English Scots and Irish commonly call'd Mankâ—-men have in general a very good Character The ordinary sort of People retain much of the Irish in their Language and way of Living but those of better Rank strive to imitate the English In this they 're peculiarly happy that all litigious Proceedings are banish'd from among 'em all Differences being speedily determin'd by certain Judges call'd Deemsters and that without Writings or Fees If the Case be found very intricate then 't is referr'd to twelve Men whom they term the Keyes of the Island This Island with the Advowson of the Bishoprick belongs to the Earls of Derby who are commonly stil'd Lords of Man though Kings in effect they having all kind of Civil Power and Jurisdiction over the Inhabitants but still under the Fief and Sovereignty of the Crown of England §. 5. Anglesey THIS Island the celebrated Mona of the Romans and Ancient Seat of the Druides is bless'd with a very fruitful Soil producing most sorts of Grain especially Wheat in such abundance that the Welsh commonly term it Môn mam Gymry i. e. Môn the Nursery of Wales because that Principality is frequently suppli'd from thence in unseasonable Years 'T is commonly reckon'd as one of the Counties of North-Wales and acknowledgeth Subjection to the Crown of England §. 6. The Isle of Wight THIS Island term'd by Ptolomy 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and by the Romans Vecta Vectis or Victesis enjoys a pure healthful Air and is generally reckon'd a very pleasant and fruitful Spot of Ground 'T was once honour'd as the Isle of Man with the Title of Kingdom for Henry Beauchamp Earl of Warwick was Crown'd King of Wight by Henry VI. Anno 1445. but that Title died with himself about two Years after and 't is now reckon'd only a Part of Hampshire and is govern'd in like manner as other of the Lesser Islands §. 7. Jersey Garnsey and Alderney THESE Islands are all of William the Conqueror's Inheritance and Dukedom of Normandy that now remains in Possession of the English Crown Their Soil is sufficiently rich producing in great abundance both Corn and Fruits especially Apples of which they make plenty of Syder and the Air is so healthful to breath in that the Inhabitants have little or no use for Physicians among ' em They chiefly imploy themselves in Agriculture and Knitting of Stockings and during War with France they 're much given to Privateering It 's observable of Garnsey that no venomous Creature can live in it and that the Natives generally look younger by ten Years than they really are These Islands being annext to the English Crown Anno 1108. by Henry I have to their great Honour continued firm in their Allegiance to England ever since that time notwithstanding of several attempts made upon them by the French And so much for the Lesser Britannick Islands But if the Reader desires a larger Account of 'em let him consult the late Edition of Cambden's Britannia from page 1049 to 1116. inclusively Having thus particularly survey'd the Britannick Islands both Greater and Lesser proceed we now according to our propos'd Method to the Second Part of this Section which is to take a View of all other Islands belonging to Europe whether they lie on the North West or South of the main Continent Therefore II. Of all other European Islands European Islands being situated on the North of Europe West South On the North are the Scandinavian Islands West are The Isle of ice-Ice-land The Britannick of which already The Azores South are those in the Mediterranean Sea Of which in their Order §. 1. The Scandinavian Islands Such Islands are those belonging to Sweden Denmark Norway To Sweden are chiefly those of Rugen Chief Town Bergen W to N. E. Bornholn Rottomby Oeland Borkholm Gothland Wishby Oesal Arnsberg Dago Dageroot Aland Castleholm Northward To Denmark are chiefly those of Zealand Chief Town Copenhagen Capital of all Funen Odensee W. to E. Langland Ruthkoping Laland Naxkow Falster Nykoping Mina Stegâ— Fâ—meren Borge S. W. of Laland Aisâ—n Sonderborg Funen To Norway are chiefly those of Carmen Lying W. of Sâ—avanger S. to N. Hiteren W. of Dronthem Sanien Adjacent to Wardhus Suroy Adjacent Of all these Islands Zealand is the most remarkable and that only for the City of Copenhagen as being the Seat Royal of the Kings of Denmark § 2. The Isle of Ice-land THIS Island taken by some for the much controverted Thule of the Ancients is term'd by the Italians Islanda by the Spaniards Tierra elada by the French Islande by the Germans Island and by the English Ice-land so call'd from the abundance of Ice wherewith 't is environed for the greatest part of the Year By reason of the frozen Ocean surrounding this Island and the great quantity of Snow wherewith 't is mostly cover'd the Air must of necessity be very sharp and piercing yet abundantly healthful to breath in especially to those who are accustomed with that cold Climate The opposite Place of the Globe to ice-Ice-land is that part of the vast Antarctick Ocean lying between 180 and 190 Degrees of Longitude with 60 and 70 Degrees of South Latitude Considering only the Situation of Ice-land it lying in the 18th 19th 20th and 21st North Climate we may easily imagine the Soil is none of the best In some Parts where the Ground is level there are indeed several Meadows very good for Pasture but elsewhere the Island is encumbred either with vast Deserts barren Mountains or formidable Rocks So destitute of Grain is it that the poor Inhabitants grind and make Bread of dri'd Fish-bones In the Northern Parts they have the Sun for one Month without Setting and want him intirely another according as he approacheth the Two Tropicks From this cold and barren Island are yearly exported Fish Whale-Oyl Tallow Hides Brimstone and White Foxes Skins which the Natives barter with Strangers for Necessaries of Humane Life Notwithstanding this Island doâ—â— lie in so cold a Climate yet in it are divers hot and scalding Fountains with Hecla a terrible Valcano which though always covered with Snow up to the very Top doth frequently Vomit forth Fire and Sulphurous Matter in great abundance and that sometimes with such a terrible roaring that the loudest Claps of Thunder are hardly so formidable In the Western Parts of the Island is a Lake of a petrifying Nature and towards the middle another which commonly sends up such a pestilentious Vapour as frequently kills Birds that endeavour to fly over it Some also write of Lakes on the Tops of Mountains and those well-stor'd with Salmons In this Island are two Danish Bishopricks viz. those of Schalholt
was one and likeways Gesner the Pliny of Germany being led into the same Error hath pictur'd that Bird accordingly To these Remarkables abovemention'd I may here add that rare Quality of Cloves one of the chief Spices produc'd in these Islands viz. their strange attractive Virtue when laid near any Liquids being able to drain a Hogshead of Wine or Water in a short time whereby some unwary Commanders of Ships have been most unexpectedly depriv'd of their beloved Liquors Archbishopricks Bishopricks Universities None The Natives of these Islands especially such as inhabit the midland Parts are by most esteem'd a treacherous inhumane and base kind of People much given to beastly Pleasures and generally walking Naked but those upon or near the Sea-Coasts who have Commerce with Europeans are pretty well civiliz'd and several of 'em prove very ingenious Their manner of Dealing is all by Bartering they being Strangers as yet to Money All we can find of the Language peculiar to the Natives of these Islands is that 't is as barbarous as they who own it The Trading Persons among 'em in their Dealings with Strangers use the Portugueze Tongue These Islands are subject to many Sovereigns of their own and some particularly Celebes and Gilolo have each of 'em several petty Kings whom they own as Sovereign Lords and Governors The Portugueze formerly had got considerable footing in these Islands but now the Dutch who send thither many of their condemned Criminals to be there imploy'd as perpetual Slaves The Natives of the Moluccoes are for the most part gross Idolaters and intermixt with them are many Mahometans with some who know a little of Christianity which Knowledge hath not been improv'd very briskly in those poor Creatures ever since they happen'd to change their Masters §. 5. The Islands of the Sund. THESE Islands unknown to the Ancients are term'd by the Italians Isola-di Sunda by the Spaniards Islas del Sond by the French let Isles de la Sonde by the Germans die Insuln in Sunde by the English The Islands of the Sonde or Sund so call'd from the Strait of the Sund between the Isles of Java and Sumatra The Air of these Islands is extremely hot they being situated under the same Parallels of Latitude with the Moluccoes and in Sumatra 't is mighty unwholesome by reason of many Lakes wherewith that Island abounds The opposite Place of the Globe to the Isles of the Sund is part of Terra Firma and the Land of the Amazons in South America The Soil of these Islands is generally very good especially in Java and Sumatra affording great plenty of Corn and Fruits mightily abounding with the chiefest of Spices well furnish'd with various kinds of Fowl and wonderfully stor'd with rich Mines of Gold Tin Iron Sulpher and several other Minerals The length of the Days and Nights in these Islands is much the same throughout the whole Year their Latitude either South or Northern being inconsiderable The chief Commodities of these Islands are Gold in great quantities most sorts of Spices plenty of Wax and Honey store of Silks and Cottons some precious Stones and the best kind of Brass In the Island of Java are Serpents of a prodigious length and bigness one being taken at a certain time that was thirteen Yards and a half long and so big that they found a young Boar in his Belly In the same Island is a remarkable Vulcano which sometimes burns with great Rage 2 Towards the middle part of Sumatra is another burning Mountain call'd Mons Balulvanus which vomits forth Fire and Ashes in like manner as Mount Aetna in Sicily or Vesuvius in Naples 3. In the same Island is a very observable Tree call'd Sangali by the Malayans and by the Portuguese Arbor triste de dia so term'd from its remarkable property of putting forth abundance of lovely Buds every Evening which look very pleasant to the Eye and fill the places adjacent with a most fragrant Smell but these fading and falling to the Ground when the Sun ariseth it appears in a melancholy and mourning Dress all day long 4 In the Island of Borneo is a Creature usually known to our English Navigators by the Name of the Savage Man being of all Brutes likest to Man both in Shape Stature and Countenance walking also upright upon his two hinder Legs and that frequently if not always He 's a Creature of great Strength and extremely Swift in Running Many reckon him the Ape peculiar to Borneo and the hunting of him is esteem'd a princely Diversion Archbishopricks Bishopricks Universities None The Natives of these Islands do considerably differ in Point of Manners those of Borneo being generally esteem'd Men of good Wits and approved Integrity those of Java very Treacherous Proud and much given to Lying And the Inhabitants of Sumatra are affirm'd to be good Artificers cunning Merchants and several of 'em expert Mariners The Language in these various Islands is not the same at least it doth mightily differ in variety of Dialects The Trading People who have frequent Dealings with the Franks do understand and speak the Fortugueze Tongue In each of these Islands are several Kings In Borneo two one Mahometan and the other Pagan In Sumatra and Java are many Princes some Mahometan and some Pagan The chief of those in Sumatra is the King of Achem and Materan is the chief in Java The Hollanders and Portugueze have establisht several Factories in these Islands especially the former The Natives of these Islands who reside in the Inland Parts are generally gross Idolaters but those towards the Sea-Coasts are for the most part zealous Professors of the Doctrine of Mahomet in several of its Fundamental Points §. 6. The Maldives and Ceylon THESE Islands unknown in former times except Ceylon which is thought by some to be the Ophit of Solomon and the Taprobane of the Ancients are term'd by the Italians Maldivee Ceylon by the Spaniards Maldivas Ceylon by the French Isles des Maldives Ceylon by the Germans die Maldivische Insuln Ceylon and by the English the Maldives and Ceylon They are call'd Maldives from Male the chief est of 'em and Dive which in their Language signifies an Island But from whence Ceylon derives its Name is not very certain The Air of these Islands notwithstanding of their nearness to the Line is very Temperate there falling a kind of Dew every Night which mightily helps to qualify the same yet frequently mortal to Strangers But in Ceylon 't is so pure and wholesome that the Indians term this Island Temarisin i. e. a Land of Pleasure The opposite Place of the Globe to these Islands is part of Mare del Zur lying between 280 and 290 Degrees of Longitude with the Equator and 10 Degrees of South Latitude The Soil of these Islands is extraordinary fruitful except in Corn whereof the Maldives are said to be
failing the Inhabitants for want of Pastors fell off from Christianity and in process of time became either strict Mahometans or Gross Idolaters The Sound of the Blessed Gospel did reach the Nubians and was cordially receiv'd by them in the earliest Ages of the Church SECT VIII Concerning Ethiopia  d. m. Situated between 35 20 of Long. It s greatest Length from N. E. to S. W. is about 3600 Miles 73 20 between 23 00 of Latit Breadth from W. to E. is about 2180 Miles 34 30 It being divided into Ethiopia Interior Exterior Ethiopia Interior comprehends many Provinces the chief of which are Barnagasso Chief Town Barva N. to S. Tigremahon Chaxumo Dobassat Dobas Fatigar Idem Angote Idem Amara Idem S. to N. Beleguanze Idem Bagamedri Idem Exterior comprehends the Kingdoms of Biafara Chief Town Idem N. to S. on the W. of the Abyssins Loango Idem Congo Salvador Angola Idem Empires of Monoemungi Camure N. to S on the South of the Abyssines Monomotapa Idem Coasts of Cafres Cofala Zangucbar Melinda S to N. on the E. of the Abyssins Ajan Brava Abex Erecco THIS vast Complex Body being generally considered as divided into these Two Classes viz. Upper and Lower or rather Ethiopia Interior and Exterior I shall seperately Treat of them both Therefore §. 1. Ethiopia Interior or the Land of the Abyssines THIS Country but badly known to the Ancients and much encroach'd upon of late by Neighbouring Princes is term'd by the Italians and Spaniards Abyssinia by the French l' Empire des Abyssins by the Germans Abyssinen and by the English Ethiopia Interior or The Land of the Abyssines It 's call'd Interior because of its Situation in respect of the other Ethiopia being encompass'd by the same on three sides and Abyssinia either from the River Abas or its Inhabitants whom the Arabians call Abassi a People once residing in Arabia Foelix The Name in the Egyptian Language signifieth Scattered Nations This Country being wholly within the Torrid Zone its Air is generally very hot but yet in some Valleys extreamly cool and temperate by reason of the many and prodigious high Mountains so situated in divers places that at certain times of the Year they intercept the Sun-beams from low Valleys lying between them The opposite Place of the Globe to the Land of the Abyssines is part of Mare de'l Zur and Mare Pacificum lying between 215 and 252 Degrees of Longitude with 10 and 23 Degrees of Southern Latitude The Soil of this Country it lying in the 1st 2d 3d North and 1st 2d 3d South Climate is very different for in some places adjacent to the numerous Branches of the Nile the Ground is sit to produce most sorts of Grain Fruits and Herbs in great plenty but in those that are Mountainous and Remote from the Nile nothing is to be seen but vast Deserts sandy Mountains and formidable Rocks This Land is also said to produce great store of Sugar-Canes Mines of Iron a great quantity of Flax and plenty of Vines but the Inhabitants either know not or care not to make use of these things to any considerable advantage The longest Day in the Northmost Parts is about 13 Hours ½ the shortest in the Southmost 10 Hours ½ and the Nights proportionably The chief Commodities of this Country are Gold Metals some Gems Corn Cattle Salt Flax Wines Sugar-Canes c. Many are the Natural Salt-Pits of excellent Rock-Salt in this Country and in the Confines of Dancala and Tigra two Adjacent Kingdoms is a large Plain of four days Journey one side whereof is intirely crusted over with pure white Salt which serves the Inhabitants of the Country both far and near some hundreds of Camels Asses and Mules being daily imploy'd in carrying of it 2. In the Mountains of Gojame is a great natural hollow Rock opposite to which is another so situated that according to Travellers Accounts of those Parts a Word only whispered on its top is heard at a considerable distance and the joint Voices of several Persons speaking at once appear as loud as a great Shout of a numerous Army 3. Of the many Christian Temples in this vast Empire there are ten stately ones hewen out of the firm Rock which are reported to have been all perfected in twenty four Years and each of 'em are said to be proportionable in all its Parts with Gates and Windows in a most regular manner For the Ichnography of one of those Temples Vid. Comment J. Ludolphi in Historiam suam Ethiopicam lib. 2. cap. 5. page 235. 4. In several Lakes of this Country and the River Nile is frequently seen that amphibious Creature call'd by the Ethiopians Bihat and Hippopotamus by the Greeks because of its having some resemblance to a Horse in several Parts of the Body This is that Creature which goes by the Name of Behemoth in the Book of Job according to the Learned Bochartus De Animalilus S. S. Part 2. cap. 15. who therein differs extreamly from the Vulgar and formerly receiv'd Opinion in this matter 5. In other Lakes and Rivers is sometimes taken the Torpil Fish whose Nature is such that if a Person only touch it he 's suddenly seiz'd with an excessive Cold and Trembling The Natives are said to allay the violent Heat of burning Fevers by touching the Patient therewith 6. Of the many curious Birds in this Country the Pipis is most observable as being the ready Conductor of Hunters to find out their Game for having discover'd any Beast in his luâ—king place he 's said to fly towards the Huntsmen and calling incessantly Fonton Kerre which imports that they should follow him he flies softly before them and is sure to conduct them to their desired Prey 7 Great is the variety of strange Animals to be seen in various Provinces of this vast Empire the most noted of which are these three First That Creature commonly call'd by the Natives Arweharis and by the Arabs Harish or Harshan which hath one long Horn in its Forehead Whereupon some conclude that this is the famous Unicorn of the Ancients Secondly The Cameleopard so term'd from having a Head and Neck like a Camel and a spotted Body as a Leopard which is said to have so long Legs that a Man mounted on an ordinary Horse may easily pass under his Belly without so much as touching him Lastly The Zecora which is generally reckon'd the most comely Creature of all Quadrupeds whatsoever For a particular Account of these and many more in this Country Vid. Ludolphus abovemention'd Lib. 1. Cap. 10. And the Learned Bochartus his Hierozoicon Part 1. Lib. 3. To these Rarities of this Country I might here add the thrice famous Mountain of Amara which ought indeed to lead the Van rather than bring up the Reer if only a tenth part of what hath been related of it were really true As for the Sabbatical River mention'd both by Pliny and Josephus
considerable bigness and remarkable for its shining Property in the Dark appearing as a little Lanthorn at a distance whereupon the Natives when oblig'd to Travel a Nights do usually fasten a few of 'em to a Stick and by their Light can clearly see their way We may also add those extraordinary little Birds of this Country call'd Tomineios of whom in Brasile being of so small a Bulk that they surpass not common wild Bees in bigness And finally those prodigious great Birds nam'd Condores who are so large and strong that they 'll set upon and devour an ordinary Calf For all these and several other Remarkables of Peru Vid. J. Acosta his Natural and Moral History of the Indies Here is one Spanish Archbishoprick viz. that of Lima. Bishopricks are those of Cusco Truxillo Quinto Arequipa Guamanga Universities in this Country None The Natives of this Country are reported to be a People that 's for the most part very Simple and grosly Ignorant Those towards the Equator are generally esteem'd more Ingenious than the rest but withal much addicted to two most detestable Vices viz. Dissimulation and Sodomy The Spaniards here residing are much the same with those in Spain The Language of the Natives did formerly consist of several quite different Dialects or rather so many distinct Tongues they being unintelligible to one another but these are much diminish'd and daily grow fewer for the People in the lower Part of this Country being now almost intirely civiliz'd have left their Ancient Jargon and commonly use the Spanish Tongue This rich Country by most probable Conjectures was govern'd by its Incas or Hereditary Kings above three hundred Years before the Spaniards got any footing therein but being fully master'd by them Anno 1533. under the Conduct of Pizarro it hath been ever since accounted a considerable Part of the King of Spain's American Dominions and is govern'd by his Vice-Roy who ordinarily resideth at Lima. In several places the Natives especially those of the Mountains maintain as yet their Liberties and are rul'd by some particular Caciques The Peruvians except those converted to Christianity are gross Idolaters worshipping the Sun Moon Stars Lightning Thunder c. To each of such Deities were formerly erected in this Country very stately Temples whose Remains are still extant in many places besides one almost intire viz. that at Cusco This Temple was dedicated to the Sun but is now a part of the Monastry of St Dominick Its Walls were over-laid with Plates of Gold from top to bottom and in it was set up a glorious Representation of the Sun being a lively Figure of that Caelestial Body in pure Massy Gold Near to this Temple were four others one whereof was dedicated to the Moon whom they call'd Quilla reckoning her either Wife or Sister to the Sun Another to the Planet Venus which they term'd Chasca A third to Thunder and Lightning which went by the common Name of Yllapa And a fourth to Cuychu i. e. Iris or the Rainbow All of them were wonderfully errich'd with either Gold or Silver and besides these were many others through the various Provinces of this once mighty Empire but the most magnificent Temple of all Peru was that spendid piece of Indian Architecture in a certain Island of the Lake Titicaca in which the Incas are believ'd to have hid a great deal of Treasure when the Spaniards invaded their Country SCET. VIII Concerning the Land of the Amazons This vast Country is of no certain Extent nor Division neither hath it any remarkable Town THIS Country discover'd by the Spaniards Anno 1541. is term'd by the Italians Paese di Amazona by the Spaniards Tierra de las Amazonas by the French Pais des Amazones by the Germans Y land van d' Amazones and by the English The Land of the Amazons so call'd from the many warlike Women resembling the Ancient Amazons who appear'd in Arms on the Banks of the River Amazone at the Europeans first entring into this Country The Air of this Country in places as yet discover'd is reported to be very Temperate considering the Latitude of the Country The opposite Place of the Globe to the Land of the Amazons is partly the Gulf of Bengal and partly the Peninsula of Malacca The Soil of this Country it lying in the 1st 2d and 3d South Climate where yet discover'd is very fertil producing great variety of Fruits and Grain Here also are abundance of Mines Sugar-Canes Cacoa and Tobacco The longest Day in the Northmost Parts is about 12-Hours and a little more the shortest in the Southmost is 11 Hours and the Nights proportionably The Commodities of this Country are reckon'd Gold Silver Sugar Cacoa Ebony Tobacco c. but this Part of the World being as yet very slenderly known and little frequented by Strangers these may be rather reckon'd the Product than Staple Commodities of this Country In the River Amazone is a dreadful Cataract a considerable way from the Sea for the Water being penn'd up between two steep Rocks under which is a hideous Precipice the Stream falleth down with great Violence and Noise Yet notwithstanding of this so terrible a Fall there be many of the Natives who 't is reported are so bold as to descend that Stream in their little Canoos In falling they are sure to turn topsy-turvy many times and are severely plung'd in the Deep when down yet such is their Care and Nimbleness that they quickly recover their Canoos and forthwith proceed on their Voyage J. Acosta Archbishopricks Bishopricks Universities None Upon the Banks of the River Amazone as is hinted at already were discover'd about fifty different Nations who seem'd generally to be a fierce and savage sort of People all both Men and Women appearing in Arms at the first approaching of the Spaniards and they still continue as fierce and savage as formerly and many of 'em are reported to be Anthropophagi or eaters of Human Flesh Our knowledge of this as yet ill discover'd Country is so slender and the Commerce between Europeans and this People so little that we can make no Observations on the Nature and Number of their Languages How this People is govern'd or if any Form of Government among them is not yet very certain A further Enquiry into the sume must be referr'd to the better Discovery of Future Ages That the Inhabitants of this Country are in general gross Idolaters is most that can be said of them as yet They are reported to make their Images of Wood and to set them up in the Corners of their Houses having no Temples and do firmly believe That those polish'd Pieces of Timber are really inhabited by some Divinities descended from Heaven being taught the same by their Priests SECT IX Concerning Brasil  d. m. Situated between 322 00 of Long. It s greatest Length from N. E. to S.
and 157 Degrees of Longitude with 12 and 37 Degrees of North Latitude The Soil of this Country it lying in the 2d 3d 4th and 5th South Climate is esteem'd to be very fertil in most places producing abundance of Corn Wine Fruits and Herbs and here also are several considerable Mines The longest Day in the Northmost Parts is about 13 Hours the shortest in the Southmost is 10 Hours ½ and the Nights proportionably The chief Commodities of this Country at least the Product thereof are reckon'd to be some Gold Silver Brass Iron Sugars Amethists c. Upon Rio de la Plata are frequently seen and sometimes kill'd divers kinds of Serpents of a prodigious bigness 2. Towards the Northern Parts of Paraguay is a certain Champaign Country about six Leagues square which is all over-spread with an excellent sort of Salt and that to a considerable height 3. In the Western Parts of Tucoman is a prodigious high and large Mountain which for its wonderful Glistering in a clear Sun-shine-day is call'd the Chrystal Mountain Under it is extended a hideous Cave-passage through which doth glide a considerable Current of Water with so many windings and turnings that from the time of its entry under the Mountain to its issuing forth on the other side is almost the space of twenty four or thirty Hours according to the Computation of the Portugueses who were so adventurous as to make the Experiment and that by hazarding their Persons upon a Roft made of Canes Vid. Purchas his Pilgrims Part 4. Lib. 6. Here is one Spanish Archbishoprick viz. that of Rio de la Plata To the Archbishoprick of Rio de la Plata are several Suffragans viz those of St. Jago de Lestero Assumption Panama Paraguay As for Universities here are none The Paraguayans though Persons of very big and tall Bodies are nevertheless reported to be very nimble and much given to Running They are said to be somewhat Laborious and less Savage than many others of the adjacent Nations yet a little enclin'd to a revengeful Humour against those who chance to wrong them All we can learn of the Language mostly in use among the Natives is in general that 't is a very harsh and unpleasant Jargon as the Plurality of the Indian Tongues are The Spaniards here residing do commonly use their own Language The Natives of this Country according to our latest Accounts are in a great part subject to their own Captains or Caciques whom they chuse among themselves and under whose Conduct they go out to War A considerable Part of this Country doth belong to the King of Spain who ordinarily keepeth one Governor at St. Jago in Tucoman and another at Assumption in Rio de la Plata both of 'em being answerable to the Vice-Roy of Peru. The Natives of this Country are generally gross Idolaters yet 't is reported of 'em that they 're more capable of learning our Arts and Religion than most of the other Americans And some speak of a Tradition spread among 'em importing that certain Priests shall come into their Country and instruct them of a new Religion whereby they shall be most happy in another World The Spaniards here residing are as in Spain rigid Papists SECT XII Concerning Terra Magellanica THIS Southmost Part of the Continent of South America call'd also Regio Patagonum derives its Title from Ferdinand Magellan a Portuguize who made the first Discovery thereof Anno 1519. as also of that famous Streight which still bears his Name he being the first for ought we know that ever pass'd through the same Many things equally frivolous as ridiculous are related of this Country and its Inhabitants with which I shall neither trouble my self nor the Reader but proceed to SECT XIII Concerning Terra Antarctica BY Terra Antarctica we understand all those unknown and slenderly discover'd Countries towards the Southern Parts of the Globe the chief of which do bear the Names of New Guinea New Zealand New Holland and which may comprehend these and all the rest Terra Australis incognita Which Southern Countries though they belong not to the Continent of America yet we chuse to mention 'em in this place since the Southmost Part of the Continent of South America doth extend it self farther towards the South than any Part or Headland of the old Continent What was said of the Northmost Countries Sect. 5. under the Title of Terra Arctica viz. that our knowledge of them did reach little farther than their bare Names so the same may be affirm'd of those that bear the Title of Terra Antarctica Leaving them therefore to the better Discovery of Future Ages we pass on to SECT XIV Concerning the American Islands Reduc'd page 45. to three Classes North viz. those of California Newfound-Land Middle viz. the Antilles Greater Cuba Jamaica Hispamola Port-rico Lesser Caribees Lucayes Sotovento Bermudas South viz. the Island of Terra del Fuogo Of which Islands distinctly and in their order Therefore §. 1. California THIS Island was formerly esteem'd a Peninsula but now found to be intirely surrounded with Water It s North part was discovered by Sir Francis Drake Anno 1577. and by him call'd New Albion where erecting a Pillar he â—â—stâ—ed thereon the Arms of England The Inland parts thereof were afterwards search'd into and being found to be only a dry barren cold Country Europeans were discourag'd from sending Colonies to the same so that it still remains in the hands of the Natives And there being nothing remarkable relating either to them or it we shall proceed to § 2. New-found Land THIS Island discovered first by the two Cabots at the charge of Henry the 7th of England Anno 1497. but more particularly by Thorn and Eliot of Bristol Anno 1527. and the English Title thereto being renew'd in the name of Queen Elizabeth Anno 1583. a Colony was settl'd therein about 30 years afterwards is term'd by the Italians Terra Novella by the Spaniards Tierra Nueva by the French Terre Neuve by the Germans Newfunden Land and by the English Newfound Land the derivation of which Name is sufficiently express'd in the Name it self Notwithstanding this Island is situated between the Parallels that pass through the Southern part of England and Northern of France yet the Air thereof doth extreamly differ from that in either of these Countries it being subject to a greater excess of heat in the Summer and more pinching cold in the Winter than commonly happens in them The opposite place of the Globe to New found-found-land is that part of Terra Australis incognita between 140 and 150 degrees of Longitude with 45 and 53 degrees of South Latitude This Island for the most part is overspread with Woods which are but slowly cut down because the Country is very thinly inhabited Where the Ground is already clear'd the Soil is not altogether despicable affording variety of Roots and several