Selected quad for the lemma: land_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
land_n	east_n	league_n	south_n	4,845	5	9.7533	5	true

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A12461	The generall historie of Virginia, New-England, and the Summer Isles with the names of the adventurers, planters, and governours from their first beginning. an⁰: 1584. to this present 1624. With the procedings of those severall colonies and the accidents that befell them in all their journyes and discoveries. Also the maps and descriptions of all those countryes, their commodities, people, government, customes, and religion yet knowne. Divided into sixe bookes. By Captaine Iohn Smith sometymes governour in those countryes & admirall of New England.	Smith, John, 1580-1631.; Barra, John, ca. 1574-1634, engraver.	1624 (1624)	STC 22790; ESTC S111882	354,881	269

charge but care must be had they arriue in the Spring or else that prouision be made for them against winter Of certaine red berries called Kermes which is worth ten shillings the pound but of these haue beene sold for thirty or forty shillings the pound may yeerely be gathered a good quantity Of the Muskrat may be well raised gaines worth their labour that will endeuour to make triall of their goodnesse Of Beuers Otters and Martins blacke Foxes and Furres of price may yeerely be had six or seuen thousand and if the trade of the French were preuented many more 25000. this yeere were brought from those northerne parts into France of which trade we may haue as good part as the French if we take good courses Of Mines of Gold and Siluer Copper and probabilities of Lead Crystall and Allum I could say much if relations were good assurances it is true indeed I made many trialls according to the instructions I had which doth perswade me I need not despaire but that there are metals in the Country but I am no Alcumist nor will promise more then I know which is who will vndertake the rectifying of an iron Forge if those that buy meat and drinke coles ore and all necessaries at a deare rate gaine where all these things are to be had for taking vp in my opinion cannot lose Of woods seeing there is such plenty of all sorts if those that build ships and boats buy wood at so great a price as it is in England Spaine France and Holland and all other prouisions for the nourishment of mans life liue well by their trade when labour is all required to take these necessaries without any other tax what hazard will be here but to doe much better and what commodity in Europe doth more decay then wood for the goodnesse of the ground let vs take it fertill or barren or as it is seeing it is certaine it beares fruits to nourish and feed man beast as well as England and the Sea those seuerall sorts of fishes I haue related thus seeing all good things for mans sustenance may with this facility be had by a little extraordinary labour till that transported be increased all necessaries for shipping onely for labour to which may added the assistance of the Saluages which may easily be had if they be discreetly handled in their kinds towards fishing planting and destroying woods what gaines might be raised if this were followed when there is but once men to fill your store houses dwelling there you may serue all Europe better and farre cheaper then can the Iland Fishers or the Hollanders Cape-blanke or Newfound land who must be at much more charge then you may easily be coniectured by this example Two thousand will fit out a ship of 200. tunnes one of 100. tuns if of the dry fish they both make fraught that of 200. and goe for Spaine sell it but at ten shillings a quintall but commonly it giues fifteene or twenty especially when it commeth first which amounts to 3. or 4000 pound but say but ten which is the lowest allowing the rest for waste it amounts at that rate to 2000. which is the whole charge of your two ships and the equipage then the returne of the mony and the fraught of the ship for the vintage or any other voyage is cleere gaine with your ship of one hundred tunnes of traine Oile and Cor-fish besides the Beuers and other commodities and that you may haue at home within six moneths if God please to send but an ordinary passage then sauing halfe this charge by the not staying of your ships your victuall ouerplus of men and wages with her fraught thither with necessaries for the Planters the Salt being there made as also may the nets and lines within a short time if nothing may be expected but this it might in time equalize your Hollanders gaines if not exceede them hauing their fraughts alwaies ready against the arriuall of the ships this would so increase our shipping and sailers and so incourage and imploy a great part of our Idlers and others that want imployment fitting their qualities at home where they shame to doe that they would doe abroad that could they but once taffe the sweet fruits of their owne labours doubtlesse many thousands would be aduised by good discipline to take more pleasure in honest industry then in their humors of dissolute idlenesse But to returne a little more to the particulars of this Countrey which I intermingle thus with my proiects and reasons not being so sufficiently yet acquainted in those parts to write fully the estate of the Sea the Aire the Land the Fruits their Rocks the People the Gouernment Religion Territories Limitations Friends and Foes But as I gathered from their niggardly relations in a broken language during the time I ranged those Countries c. the most Northerne part I was at was the Bay of Pennobscot which is East and West North and South more then ten leagues but such were my occasions I was constrained to be satisfied of them I found in the Bay that the Riuer ranne farre vp into the Land and was well inhabited with many people but they were from their habitations either fishing amongst the Iles or hunting the Lakes and Woods for Deere and Beuers the Bay is full of great Iles of one two six or eight miles in length which diuides it into many faire and excellent good Harbours On the East of it are the Tarrentines their mortall enemies where inhabit the French as they report that liue with those people as one Nation or Family And Northwest of Pennobscot is Mecaddacut at the foot of a high Mountaine a kinde of fortresse against the Tarrentines adioyning to the high Mountaines of Pennobscot against whose feet doth beat the Sea but ouer all the Land Iles or other impediments you may well see them foureteene or eighteene leagues from their situation Segocket is the next then Nuskoucus Pemmaquid and Sagadahock vp this Riuer where was the Westerne Plantation are Aumoughcawgen Kinnebeke and diuers others where are planted some Corne fields Along this Riuer thirtie or fortie miles I saw nothing but great high clifts of barren Rocks ouergrowne with Wood but where the Saluages dwell there the ground is excellent salt and fertill Westward of this Riuer is the Country of Aucocisco in the bottome of a large deepe Bay full of many great Iles which diuides it into many good Harbours Sawocotuck is the next in the edge of a large Sandy Bay which hath many Rockes and Iles but few good Harbours but for Barkes I yet know but all this Coast to Pennobscot and as farre as I could see Eastward of it is nothing but such high craggy clifty Rockes and stony Iles that I wonder such great Trees could grow vpon so hard foundations It is a Countrey rather to affright then delight one and how to describe a

other great causes not onely to haue made them sicke but even to end their dayes c. The Sommer is hot as in Spaine the Winter cold as in France or England The heat of sommer is in Iune Iuly and August but commonly the coole Breeses asswage the vehemency of the heat The chiefe of winter is halfe December Ianuary February and halfe March The colde is extreame sharpe but here the Proverbe is true that no extreame long continueth In the yeare 1607. was an extraordinary frost in most of Europe and this frost was found as extreame in Virginia But the next yeare for 8. or 10. dayes of ill weather other 14. dayes would be as Sommer The windes here are variable but the like thunder and lightning to purifie the ayre I haue seldome either seene or heard in Europe From the Southwest came the greatest gusts with thunder and heat The Northwest winde is commonly coole and bringeth faire weather with it From the North is the greatest cold and from the East and Southeast as from the Barmudas fogs and raines Some times there are great droughts other times much raine yet great necessitie of neither by reason we see not but that all the raritie of needfull fruits in Europe may be there in great plentie by the industry of men as appeareth by those we there Planted There is but one entrance by Sea into this Country and that is at the mouth of a very goodly Bay 18. or 20. myles broad The cape on the South is called Cape Henry in honour of our most noble Prince The land white hilly sands like vnto the Downes and all along the shores great plentie of Pines and Firres The north Cape is called Cape Charles in honour of the worthy Duke of Yorke The Isles before it Smith's Isles by the name of the discover Within is a country that may haue the prerogatiue over the most pleasant places knowne for large and pleasant navigable Rivers heaven earth never agreed better to frame a place for mans habitation were it fully manured and inhabited by industrious people Here are mountaines hils plaines valleyes rivers and brookes all running most pleasantly into a faire Bay compassed but for the mouth with fruitfull and delightsome land In the Bay and rivers are many Isles both great small some woody some plaine most of them low and not inhabited This Bay lyeth North and South in which the water floweth neare 200. myles and hath a channell for 140 myles of depth betwixt 6 and 15 fadome holding in breadth for the most part 10 or 14 myles From the head of the Bay to the Northwest the land is mountanous and so in a manner from thence by a Southwest line So that the more Southward the farther off from the Bay are those mountaines From which fall certaine brookes which after come to fiue principall navigable rivers These run from the Northwest into the South east and so into the West side of the Bay where the fall of every River is within 20 or 15 myles one of another The mountaines are of divers natures for at the head of the Bay the rockes are of a composition like Mill stones Some of Marble c. And many peeces like Christall we found as throwne downe by water from those mountaines For in Winter they are covered with much snow and when it dissolveth the waters fall with such violence that it causeth great inundations in some narrow valleyes which is scarce perceived being once in the rivers These waters wash from the rocks such glistering tinctures that the ground in some places seemeth as guilded where both the rocks and the earth are so splendent to behold that better iudgements then ours might haue beene perswaded they contained more then probabilities The vesture of the earth in most places doth manifestly proue the nature of the soyle to be lusty and very rich The colour of the earth we found in diverse places resembleth bole Armoniac terra sigillata and Lemnia Fullers earth Marle and divers other such appearances But generally for the most part it is a blacke sandy mould in some places a fat slimy clay in other places a very barren gravell But the best ground is knowne by the vesture it beareth as by the greatnesse of trees or abundance of weeds c. The Country is not mountanous nor yet low but such pleasant plaine hils and fertile valleyes one prettily crossing another watered so conveniently with fresh brookes and springs no lesse commodious then delightsome By the rivers are many plaine marishes containing some 20 some 100. some 200 Acres some more some lesse Other plaines there are few but onely where the Salvages inhabit but all overgrowne with trees weeds being a plaine wildernesse as God first made it On the west side of the Bay we sayd were 5. faire and delightfull navigable rivers The first of those and the next to the mouth of the Bay hath his course from the West Northwest It is called Powhatan according to the name of a principall country that lyeth vpon it The mouth of this river is neare three myles in breadth yet doe the shoules force the Channell so neare the land that a Sacre will overshoot it at point blanke It is navigable 150 myles the shouldes and soundings are here needlesse to be expressed It falleth from Rockes farre west in a Country inhabited by a nation they call Monacans But where it commeth into our discovery it is Powhatan In the farthest place that was diligently observed are falles rockes shoules c. which makes it past navigation any higher Thence in the running downeward the river is enriched with many goodly brookes which are maintained by an infinit number of small rundles and pleasant springs that disperse themselues for best service as do the veines of a mans body From the South there fals into it First the pleasant river of Apamatuck Next more to the East are two small rivers of Quiyoughcohanocke A little farther is a Bay wherein falleth 3 or 4 prettie brookes creekes that halfe intrench the Inhabitants of Warraskoyac then the river of Nandsamund and lastly the brooke of Chisapeack From the North side is the river of Chickahamania the backe river of Iames Towne another by the Cedar Isle where we liued ten weekes vpon Oysters then a convenient harbour for Fisher boats at Kecoughtan that so turneth it selfe into Bayes and Creekes it makes that place very pleasant to inhabit their cornefields being girded therein in a manner as Peninsulaes The most of these rivers are inhabited by severall nations or rather families of the name of the rivers They haue also over those some Governour as their King which they call Werowances In a Peninsula on the North side of this river are the English Planted in a place by them called Iames Towne in honour of the Kings most excellent Maiestie The first and next the rivers

mouth are the Kecoughtans who besides their women children haue not past 20. fighting men The Paspaheghes on whose land is seated Iames Towne some 40. myles from the Bay haue not past 40. The river called Chickahamania neare 250. The Weanocks 100. The Arrowhatocks 30. The place called Powhatan some 40. On the South side this river the Appamatucks haue sixtie fighting men The Quiyougcohanocks 25. The Nandsamūds 200. The Chesapeacks 100. Of this last place the Bay beareth the name In all these places is a severall commander which they call Werowance except the Chickahamanians who are governed by the Priests and their Assistants or their Elders called Caw-cawwassoughes In sommer no place affordeth more plentie of Sturgeon nor in winter more abundance of foule especially in the time of frost I tooke once 52 Sturgeons at a draught at another 68. From the later end of May till the end of Iune are taken few but yong Sturgeons of two foot or a yard long From thence till the midst of September them of two or three yards long and few others And in 4 or 5 houres with one Net were ordinarily taken 7 or 8 often more seldome lesse In the small rivers all the yeare there is good plentie of small fish so that with hookes those that would take paines had sufficient Foureteene myles Northward from the river Powhatan is the river Pamavnkee which is navigable 60 or 70 myles but with Catches and small Barkes 30 or 40 myles farther At the ordinary flowing of the salt water it divideth it selfe into two gallant branches On the South side inhabit the people of Youghtanund who haue about 60 men for warres On the North branch Mattapament who haue 30 men Where this river is divided the Country is called Pamavnkee and nourisheth neare 300 able men About 25. myles lower on the North side of this river is Werawocomoco where their great King inhabited when I was delivered him prisoner yet there are not past 40 able men Ten or twelue myles lower on the South side of this river is Chiskiack which hath some 40 or 50 men These as also Apamatuck Irrohatock and Powhatan are their great Kings chiefe alliance and inhabitants The rest his Conquests Before we come to the third river that falleth from the mountaines there is another river some 30 myles navigable that commeth from the Inland called Payankatanke the Inhabitants are about 50 or 60 serviceable men The third navigable river is called Toppahanock This is navigable some 130 myles At the top of it inhabit the people called Mannahoacks amongst the mountaines but they are aboue the place we described Vpon this river on the North side are the people Cuttatawomen with 30 fighting men Higher are the Moraughtacunds with 80. Beyond them Rapahanock with 100. Far aboue is another Cuttatawomen with 20. On the South is the pleasant seat of Nantaughtacund having 150 men This river also as the two former is replenished with fish and foule The fourth river is called Patawomeke 6 or 7 myles in breadth It is navigable 140 myles and fed as the rest with many sweet rivers and springs which fall from the bordering hils These hils many of them are planted and yeeld no lesse plentie and varietie of fruit then the river exceedeth with abundance of fish It is inhabited on both sides First on the South side at the very entrance is Wighcocomoco hath some 130 men beyond them Sekacawone with 30. The Onawmanient with 100. And the Patawomekes more then 200. Here doth the river divide it selfe into 3 or 4 convenient branches The greatest of the least is called Quiyough trending Northwest but the river it selfe turneth Northeast and is still a navigable streame On the Westerne side of this bought is Tauxenent with 40 men On the North of this river is Secowocomoco with 40. Somewhat further Potapaco with 20. In the East part is Pamacaeack with 60. After Moyowance with 100. And lastly Nacotchtanke with 80. The river aboue this place maketh his passage downe a low pleasant valley overshaddowed in many places with high rocky mountaines from whence distill innumerable sweet and pleasant springs The fift river is called Pawtuxunt of a lesse proportion then the rest but the channell is 16 fadome deepe in some places Here are infinit skuls of divers kindes of fish more then elswhere Vpon this river dwell the people called Acquintanacksuak Pawtuxunt and Mattapanient Two hundred men was the greatest strength that could be there perceived But they inhabit together and not so dispersed as the rest These of all other we found most civill to giue intertainement Thirtie leagues Northward is a river not inhabited yet navigable for the red clay resembling bole Armoniack we called it Bolus At the end of the Bay where it is 6 or 7 myles in breadth it divides it selfe into 4. branches the best commeth Northwest from among the mountaines but though Canows may goe a dayes iourney or two vp it we could not get two myles vp it with our boat for rockes Vpon it is seated the Sasquesahanocks neare it North and by West runneth a creeke a myle and a halfe at the head whereof the Eble left vs on shore where we found many trees cut with hatchets The next tyde keeping the shore to seeke for some Salvages for within thirtie leagues sayling we saw not any being a barren Country we went vp another small river like a creeke 6 or 7 myle From thence returning we met 7 Canowes of the Massowomeks with whom we had conference by signes for we vnderstood one another scarce a word the next day we discovered the small river people of Tockwhogh trending Eastward Having lost our Grapnell among the rocks of Sasquesahanocks we were then neare 200 myles from home and our Barge about two runs and had in it but 12 men to performe this Discovery wherein we lay aboue 12 weekes vpon those great waters in those vnknowne Countries having nothing but a little meale oatemeale and water to feed vs and scarce halfe sufficient of that for halfe that time but what provision we got among the Salvages and such rootes and fish as we caught by accident and Gods direction nor had we a Mariner nor any had skill to trim the sayles but two saylers and my selfe the rest being Gentlemen or them were as ignorant in such toyle and labour Yet necessitie in a short time by good words and examples made them doe that that caused them ever after to feare no colours What I did with this small meanes I leaue to the Reader to iudge and the Mappe I made of the Country which is but a small matter in regard of the magnitude thereof But to proceed 60 of those Sasquesahanocks came to vs with skins Bowes Arrows Targets Beads Swords and Tobacco pipes for presents Such great and well proportioned men are seldome seene for they seemed like Giants to the English yea and