before_o william_n the_o first_o that_o he_o side_v not_o against_o he_o and_o that_o be_v find_v true_a he_o and_o all_o those_o in_o his_o condition_n cotten_n condition_n weentun_n monum_fw-la hiâ—_n example_n â—n_n câ—â—ington_n of_o sir_n rob._n cotten_n like_a to_o lose_v all_o be_v confirm_v in_o their_o land_n and_o lordship_n to_o have_v and_o hold_v those_o be_v the_o word_n of_o the_o confirmation_n as_o whole_o and_o peaceable_o as_o ever_o they_o do_v before_o the_o conquest_n by_o the_o record_n of_o term._n trin._n 21_o e._n 3._o comit._n ebor_n &_o com._n northumb_n rot._n 191._o this_o drench_n be_v describe_v thus_o that_o the_o foresay_a vghtred_a hold_v the_o say_v land_n viz._n in_o northumberland_n of_o our_o lord_n the_o king_n and_o of_o his_o progenitor_n king_n of_o england_n by_o the_o service_n of_o a_o drench_n which_o service_n in_o the_o part_n aforesaid_a be_v such_o that_o of_o whosoever_o he_o hold_v any_o thing_n there_o by_o such_o service_n it_o be_v hold_v and_o if_o the_o tenant_n die_v his_o heir_n be_v within_o age_n the_o wardship_n of_o the_o heir_n and_o land_n belong_v to_o the_o lord_n of_o which_o &c_n &c_n dronche_n &c_n d._n spelm._n gloss_n verbâ—_n dronche_n with_o the_o marriage_n whether_o wardship_n and_o marriage_n as_o the_o lord_n cook_n 193._o cook_n 4._o inst_z 193._o no_o badge_n of_o servitude_n be_v of_o the_o same_o antiquity_n with_o king_n aelfred_n i_o will_v not_o take_v upon_o i_o to_o determine_v the_o lord_n cook_n as_o also_o the_o mirror_n in_o the_o place_n cite_v by_o he_o be_v for_o the_o affirmative_a etc._n affirmative_a inst_z 1._o p._n 76.4_o inst_z 292._o mire_n sect_n 3._o graft_n 911._o etc._n etc._n by_o a_o law_n if_o any_o man_n die_v intestate_a the_o lord_n be_v to_o have_v nothing_o but_o what_o be_v due_a by_o the_o name_n of_o hereoâ—_n 68_o hereoâ—_n ll._n cnuâ—â—_n c._n 68_o by_o mr._n lambard_n this_o be_v acknowledge_v engish-saxon_a and_o think_v to_o be_v the_o same_o with_o relief_n one_o place_n say_v relief_n or_o rather_o herent_fw-la 152_o herent_fw-la not._n in_o radwes_n 152_o and_o hereot_fw-la or_o relief_n id_fw-la relief_n 154._o 161_o id_fw-la &_o compare_v the_o hereota_n to_o the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d hereor_fw-la be_v a_o service_n and_o acknowledgement_n of_o the_o seignory_n of_o another_o a_o tribute_n so_o dr._n cowel_n give_v to_o the_o lord_n among_o the_o saxon_n for_o his_o better_a preparation_n towards_o the_o war_n in_o the_o monastical_a institution_n of_o king_n edgar_n hereot_fw-la be_v call_v geÆ¿unlic_a gae&ul_a gae&ul_a gae&ul_a a_o customary_a cens_fw-la or_o duty_n say_v to_o be_v give_v to_o the_o king_n by_o the_o great_a man_n of_o this_o country_n after_o geþtenege_v their_o death_n it_o be_v forbid_v by_o this_o king_n to_o be_v give_v for_o all_o abbot_n and_o abbess_n eadm_n abbess_n in_o not_z ad_fw-la eadm_n before_o as_o it_o seem_v not_o so_o free_a as_o here_o the_o word_n by_o the_o great_a man_n after_o their_o death_n make_v it_o quite_o another_o thing_n though_o it_o be_v call_v so_o from_o relief_n which_o be_v for_o the_o heir_n and_o never_o pay_v but_o where_o there_o be_v one_o hereot_fw-la one_o gloss_n verbo_fw-la hereot_fw-la the_o hereot_fw-la be_v to_o be_v reasonable_a and_o here_o again_o we_o shall_v see_v the_o rank_n of_o the_o saxon_a noblesse_n the_o earl_n eight_o horse_n four_o saddle_v four_z not_o four_o helmet_n four_o coat_n of_o mail_n and_o eight_o spear_n as_o many_o shield_n four_o sword_n and_o two_o hundred_o â—_o hundred_o saxon_a â—_o mark_n of_o gold_n the_o great_a thanes_z the_o kings_z thanes_z four_o horse_n two_o saddle_v then_o not_o two_o swords_z four_o spear_n as_o many_o shield_n a_o helmet_n a_o coat_n of_o mail_n and_o fifty_o mark_n of_o gold_n the_o medmere_n or_o under_o thane_n one_o horse_n ready_a his_o weapon_n or_o as_o among_o the_o west_n saxon_n his_o neck_n ransom_n among_o the_o mercian_n two_o pound_n among_o the_o easâ—-angels_n two_o pound_n the_o king_n thanes_z hereot_fw-la among_o the_o dane_n who_o have_v free_a jurisdiction_n ðe_v his_o socne_a haebâ—e_n four_o pound_n and_o if_o he_o be_v further_o know_v to_o the_o king_n two_o horse_n one_o saddle_v the_o other_o not_o one_o sword_n two_o spear_n two_o shield_n and_o fifty_o mark_n of_o gold_n the_o conclusion_n have_v not_o infimae_fw-la conditionis_fw-la thani_fw-la as_o the_o latin_a be_v but_o he_o that_o have_v less_o and_o less_o may_v be_v he_o two_o pound_n 69._o pound_n will_v conti._n c_o 69._o other_o lord_n have_v their_o hereot_fw-la too_o the_o law_n of_o king_n william_n which_o as_o the_o title_n be_v the_o same_o which_o king_n edward_n observe_v call_v this_o which_o in_o these_o law_n be_v hereot_fw-la relief_n and_o the_o earl_n king_n thegne_n and_o underthane_v who_o be_v here_o charge_v as_o be_v say_v there_o be_v call_v and_o name_v cnute_n barun_n and_o vavasour_n and_o charge_v much_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n 20._o manner_n â—_o 22_o 23_o 24_o v._n c._n 20._o with_o little_a difference_n king_n edward_n latin_a law_n where_o any_o man_n fall_v in_o war_n before_o his_o lord_n by_o land_n or_o else_o where_o forgive_v his_o relief_n 3â—_n relief_n c._n 3â—_n and_o give_v his_o heir_n his_o land_n and_o money_n without_o diminution_n ibid._n diminution_n ibid._n i_o will_v observe_v a_o little_a out_o of_o those_o old_a grant_n and_o charter_n which_o precede_v the_o norman_n by_o which_o the_o religious_a heretofore_o make_v their_o title_n only_o careful_a to_o get_v and_o to_o be_v free_a where_o we_o shall_v find_v other_o man_n be_v not_o so_o the_o confirmation_n of_o pope_n agatho_n of_o the_o new_a raise_v monastery_n of_o medeshamstede_n after_o peterborough_n before_o the_o age_n of_o charter_n 164._o charter_n an._n 680._o council_n sax._n 164._o recite_v the_o immunity_n it_o be_v to_o be_v in_o no_o ðeudom_n in_o no_o kind_n of_o servitude_n neither_o to_o king_n bishop_n nor_o earl_n no_o man_n be_v to_o have_v any_o rent_n or_o tribute_n there_o in_o the_o council_n of_o becanceld_a king_n wither_a free_v the_o church_n from_o all_o difficulty_n of_o saecular_a servitude_n from_o feed_v the_o king_n prince_n aldermen_z earl_n from_o all_o work_n the_o great_a and_o lesser_a grievance_n etc._n etc._n 190._o etc._n council_n becanceld_a au._n 694._o council_n sax._n 190._o witlafe_a king_n of_o the_o mercian_n in_o the_o year_n 833._o confirm_v to_o the_o monastery_n of_o crowland_n their_o land_n and_o tenement_n thus_o i_o grant_v deliver_v and_o confirm_v those_o land_n and_o tenement_n etc._n etc._n for_o a_o peaceable_a and_o perpetual_a possession_n to_o have_v from_o i_o and_o my_o heir_n whosoever_o king_n of_o the_o mercian_n after_o i_o to_o succeed_v in_o puram_fw-la eleemosynam_fw-la in_o perpetual_a and_o pure_a frankalmoigne_n libere_fw-la quiet_a et_fw-fr solute_a or_o as_o we_o now_o use_v it_o quit_v and_o discharge_v from_o all_o saecular_a charge_n exaction_n and_o tribute_n whatsoever_o by_o what_o name_n soever_o 328._o soever_o ingulp_n hist_o council_n sax._n 328._o as_o another_o place_n among_o many_o thing_n do_v &_o say_v ceolnoth_n the_o archbishop_n before_o the_o whole_a council_n of_o kingston_n show_v that_o the_o aforesaid_a king_n egbert_n and_o aethelwulfe_n his_o son_n give_v to_o christ-church_n at_o canterbury_n the_o manor_n call_v malling_n in_o south-saxon_a free_a from_o all_o secular_a service_n and_o tribute_n royal_a except_o these_o three_o expedition_n military_a fird_n or_o firdfare_n upon_o the_o herebanne_n the_o proclamation_n or_o edict_n military_a and_o to_o repair_v bridge_n &_o castle_n brugbote_n and_o burgbote_n 340._o burgbote_n council_n 340._o by_o some_o not_o to_o be_v release_v 228._o release_v charta_fw-la eâ—dbaldi_n mâ—lmsb_n de_fw-fr gest_n reg_fw-la l._n 1._o iâ—ae_fw-la reg_fw-la glelienb_n conceit_fw-la 228._o which_o be_v not_o true_a the_o most_o learned_a mr._n selden_n say_v in_o england_n before_o the_o norman_n be_v military_a fiefe_n the_o earl_n and_o thanes_z be_v bind_v to_o a_o kind_n of_o knight_n service_n all_o the_o land_n of_o the_o kingdom_n except_o some_o privilege_a etc._n etc._n hold_v of_o the_o crown_n mediate_o or_o immediate_o but_o say_v he_o the_o expedition_n mulitary_a etc._n etc._n those_o three_o be_v not_o so_o much_o by_o reason_n of_o tenure_n as_o general_a subjection_n to_o occasion_n of_o the_o state_n 321._o state_n tit._n hon._n 1_o edit_n 321._o likely_a so_o yet_o to_o recite_v the_o opinion_n of_o other_o there_o be_v that_o think_v this_o firdfare_n to_o be_v the_o same_o with_o our_o escuage_n the_o charter_n of_o kenulph_n 821._o an._n 821._o the_o mercian_n king_n to_o abingdon_n discharge_v all_o service_n but_o the_o expedition_n of_o twelve_o man_n with_o their_o shield_n cum_fw-la scutis_fw-la burgbote_n etc._n etc._n as_o the_o most_o know_a knight_n in_o the_o ancient_a charter_n
of_o geolph_n son_n of_o malt_n in_o halington_n four_o oxgange_n of_o land_n of_o jnland_n which_o the_o margin_n once_o correct_v by_o luland_n for_o juland_n both_o which_o make_v it_o nonsense_n there_o be_v add_v and_o ten_o oxgange_n in_o service_n the_o word_n manor_n mansion_n tevement_n marsh_n common_a of_o pasture_n of_o all_o beast_n be_v frequent_o meet_v with_o in_o the_o ancient_a grant_n make_v by_o the_o mercian_n and_o west_n saxon_a king_n to_o the_o monastery_n of_o crowland_n 881._o crowland_n inulphus_n savil_n 859_o 864_o 881._o with_o the_o term_n acre_n hide_n carve_v oxegange_n yardland_n firme_v rent_n etc._n etc._n many_o of_o those_o manor_n have_v their_o royalty_n or_o huge_a privilege_n as_o ingulphus_n call_v they_o annex_v both_o of_o jurisdiction_n in_o some_o part_n lessen_v since_o and_o profit_n king_n edgar_n chatter_v this_o monastery_n describe_v and_o grant_v they_o i_o grant_v and_o confirm_v say_v he_o etc._n etc._n free_a from_o all_o secular_a charge_n and_o that_o they_o have_v all_o the_o free_a custom_n with_o all_o that_o which_o be_v call_v soc_n sac_n tol_o and_o team_n infangthef_n weife_n and_o streye_v 881._o streye_v id._n 881._o among_o which_o sac_n in_o the_o halmot_n since_o court_v baron_n be_v common_a to_o all_o manor_n in_o the_o great_a plea_n of_o pennedene_n of_o which_o before_o the_o archbishop_n be_v say_v to_o darrein_a all_o the_o liberty_n and_o custom_n of_o his_o church_n soca_n saca_n tol_o team_n flymena_n fyrmthe_n for_o flyman_n firm_a grithbrice_n forsteal_n haunfare_n for_o heinfare_n and_o infangennetheof_n 196._o infangennetheof_n not._n in_o ead._n 196._o most_o of_o which_o be_v now_o wear_v out_o unknown_a in_o these_o base_a court_n yet_o i_o will_v say_v something_o of_o they_o not_o that_o i_o pretend_v to_o give_v full_a satisfaction_n be_v in_o some_o of_o they_o unsatisfy_a myself_o as_o they_o be_v upon_o who_o i_o rely_v for_o soca_n d._n cowell_n cite_v s._n edward_n law_n 23._o law_n c._n 23._o he_o say_v some_o will_v have_v it_o a_o inquest_n as_o if_o it_o be_v seek_v some_o suit_n of_o court_n other_o a_o exemption_n of_o the_o tenant_n from_o any_o public_a duty_n without_o the_o manor_n or_o liberty_n call_v still_o soak_v soon_o socne_o be_v in_o saxon_a liberty_n 4._o liberty_n ll._n cnuti_n c._n 69_o 4._o free_a jurisdiction_n frithsocne_n be_v a_o sanctuary_n a_o liberty_n of_o peace_n 2_o peace_n ll._n eccles_n r._n cnuti_n c._n 2_o in_o the_o life_n of_o the_o abbot_n of_o s._n alhanes_n we_o read_v with_o all_o the_o land_n which_o william_n chamberlain_n or_o the_o chamberlain_n hold_v in_o the_o soak_v of_o luiton_n 69._o luiton_n 69._o it_o be_v the_o liberty_n or_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o lordship_n within_o which_o the_o lord_n may_v hold_v his_o court_n to_o which_o the_o tenant_n ought_v to_o resort_v to_o do_v their_o suit_n and_o out_o of_o which_o they_o be_v not_o to_o be_v draw_v sac_n be_v conusance_n of_o plea_n tol_o be_v say_v to_o be_v a_o liberty_n to_o buy_v and_o sell_v within_o the_o manor_n 24._o manor_n ll._n edu_n c._n 24._o more_o likely_a some_o duty_n pay_v to_o the_o lord_n upon_o such_o sale_n team_n in_o other_o saxon_a out_o of_o the_o law_n be_v progeny_n by_o some_o make_v a_o power_n to_o have_v and_o and_o dispose_v of_o villain_n and_o their_o race_n it_o be_v so_o i_o gather_v from_o the_o saxon_a law_n cognizance_n in_o a_o courtbaron_n of_o thing_n claim_v steal_v where_o he_o in_o who_o hand_n the_o good_n be_v find_v may_v vouch_v his_o vendor_n and_o he_o over_o till_o the_o thief_n be_v discover_v if_o he_o be_v team_n ƿyrþe_v as_o king_n cnut_n law_n speak_v if_o he_o deserve_v the_o right_n as_o have_v buy_v before_o legal_a witness_n otherwise_o not_o and_o he_o be_v to_o pay_v the_o penalty_n impose_v at_o the_o three_o voucher_n the_o owner_n be_v to_o have_v his_o good_n the_o team_n be_v to_o be_v in_o the_o place_n where_o the_o good_n be_v find_v no_o man_n be_v bind_v fylgean_o team_n to_o follow_v it_o i_o know_v not_o whether_o timþ_n be_v use_v in_o the_o law_n of_o ine_fw-mi for_o vouch_n getiman_n in_o those_o of_o aelfred_n for_o the_o voucher_n as_o geteaman_n in_o those_o of_o king_n edward_n the_o elder_a and_o king_n aetheldred_n timan_n and_o teaman_n to_o vouch_v team_n for_o vouch_v tymoe_v he_o have_v vouch_v in_o aethelstanes_n law_n tyman_n team_n in_o those_o of_o aetheldred_n team_n team_n time_n in_o cnut_n in_o the_o same_o sense_n 3.25_o sense_n will_v ina_n l._n 74._o alfr._n 4._o edu._n sen_fw-la 2._o aethelft_n 24_o aetheld_a 9_o 10._o cnuti_n 21_o 22._o edv_n 3.25_o the_o other_o term_n may_v be_v render_v by_o mulct_n of_o sustain_v fugitive_n or_o outlaw_n of_o breach_n of_o the_o peace_n forestalling_a depart_v of_o a_o servant_n trial_n of_o a_o thief_n take_v within_o the_o jurisdiction_n there_o be_v park_n in_o the_o saxon_a time_n which_o though_o it_o be_v a_o digression_n i_o think_v fit_a to_o observe_v this_o appear_v by_o the_o word_n deorfald_n deerfold_v and_o by_o the_o doomsday_n where_o they_o be_v be_v call_v parcisylvatici_n bestiarum_fw-la wood_n park_n of_o beast_n forest_n too_o here_o be_v as_o ancient_a call_v bucholt_n and_o buchurst_n be_v the_o same_o holt_n and_o hurt_v both_o signify_v a_o wood._n king_n cnut_n in_o his_o law_n forresta_n law_n c._n 77._o v._o man_n fere_v d_o sp._n gloss_n verb._n forresta_n give_v any_o man_n leave_v to_o hunt_v in_o his_o own_o wood_n or_o field_n forbid_v only_o to_o meddle_v with_o the_o king_n venison_n in_o the_o place_n of_o freedom_n other_o forest_n law_n be_v after_o set_v forth_o by_o the_o same_o cnut_n one_o of_o which_o in_o the_o thirty_o chap._n give_v leave_n to_o hunt_v but_o not_o so_o generaly_a it_o name_v not_o wood_n if_o the_o saxon_a original_n be_v as_o narrow_a which_o no_o man_n now_o know_v yet_o i_o see_v not_o why_o these_o law_n shall_v be_v suspect_v for_o it_o as_o they_o be_v inst_z be_v 4._o inst_z where_o this_o chapter_n be_v think_v to_o be_v a_o prohibition_n to_o hunt_v which_o it_o be_v not_o it_o agree_v with_o the_o law_n before_o man_n be_v to_o avoid_v the_o king_n game_n not_o wheresoever_o according_a to_o the_o word_n but_o wheresoever_o he_o will_v have_v it_o according_a to_o the_o other_o law_n gefƿiþod_v privilege_v free_a what_o the_o thane_n be_v and_o how_o he_o hold_v his_o land_n and_o lordship_n i_o will_v next_o inquire_v the_o word_n thane_n thegen_n thein_o thegne_n we_o find_v theowan_n too_o and_o all_o these_o way_n it_o be_v write_v be_v use_v sometime_o indifferent_o in_o some_o place_n mere_o for_o the_o king_n servant_n mere_o for_o a_o servant_n as_o in_o doomsday_n colam_z the_o bunter_n vluiet_v the_o hunter_n godwin_n the_o falconer_n etc._n etc._n and_o in_o a_o saxon_a sermon_n 382_o sermon_n in_o beda_n 〈…〉_o 382_o the_o queen_n of_o seba_n tell_v soloman_n bless_v be_v thy_o servant_n theguas_fw-la and_o theowan_n the_o apostle_n be_v call_v thene_n 483._o thene_n bede_n 483._o yet_o in_o other_o place_n it_o may_v be_v observe_v direct_o and_o proper_o restrain_v to_o intend_v of_o a_o thane_n hold_v take_v land_n though_o he_o may_v in_o some_o honourable_a way_n or_o other_o serve_v the_o king_n too_o such_o may_v he_o be_v in_o bede_n who_o as_o the_o fable_n speak_v no_o bond_n can_v hold_v when_o his_o brother_n be_v at_o mass_n pray_v for_o his_o soul_n as_o suppose_v he_o slay_v in_o the_o battle_n with_o elwin_n king_n egfreds_n brother_n who_o fear_v to_o confess_v that_o he_o be_v the_o king_n thegne_n but_o say_v he_o be_v a_o folelic_a man_n and_o again_o those_o that_o be_v with_o he_o see_v by_o his_o face_n and_o carriage_n that_o he_o be_v not_o one_o of_o the_o poor_a folk_n but_o that_o he_o be_v of_o noble_a race_n 22._o race_n bede_n l._n 4._o c._n 22._o and_o be_v question_v answer_v he_o be_v the_o king_n thegne_n there_o be_v the_o king_n thane_n &_o the_o ðeoden_a mean_a or_o under_o thane_n the_o first_o the_o king_n baron_n the_o other_o the_o lord_n of_o a_o manor_n 69._o manor_n v._o will_v reg_fw-la cnuti_n c._n 69._o as_o a_o most_o learned_a antiquary_n neither_o be_v there_o with_o they_o the_o saxon_n any_o other_o create_a title_n after_o the_o prince_n or_o etheling_n honorary_a it_o seem_v but_o this_o of_o earl_n and_o their_o thanes_z according_a to_o the_o charter_n of_o the_o confessor_n for_o the_o land_n of_o st._n paul_n church_n there_o which_o run_v thus_o edward_n king_n great_a my_o bisceops_n and_o my_o forle_n and_o alle_fw-mi my_o thegnes_fw-la ou_fw-fr thou_o shiren_n where_o my_o preste_n in_o paulus_n minister_n habband_n land_n hon._n land_n d._n seld._n tit_n hon._n he_o acknowledge_v there_o be_v
complain_v volenti_fw-la non_fw-la sit_fw-la injuria_fw-la he_o may_v have_v refuse_v the_o thing_n his_o acceptance_n bind_v he_o to_o the_o charge_n coincident_a hotoman_n describe_v a_o fief_n to_o be_v a_o benefice_n for_o which_o some_o duty_n be_v do_v to_o testify_v the_o gratefulness_n of_o the_o taker_n 1._o taker_n disp_n c._n 1._o i_o shall_v think_v here_o will_v be_v the_o injustice_n that_o the_o whole_a benefice_n shall_v be_v enjoy_v by_o the_o tenant_n and_o the_o grant_a from_o who_o it_o move_v be_v allow_v none_o of_o his_o own_o reservation_n to_o himself_o i_o believe_v there_o be_v few_o man_n now_o without_o harth_n or_o household_n god_n who_o will_v resufe_v a_o good_a manner_n because_o these_o tie_n hang_v upon_o the_o label_n sir_n themas_n ridleyn_n a_o civilian_n fetch_v the_o feude_n chief_o from_o the_o lombard_n 71._o lombard_n view_n etc._n etc._n 71._o much_o augment_v and_o adorn_v by_o they_o they_o may_v be_v 256._o be_v gloss_n d._n sp_z 256._o which_o lombard_n be_v cousin-germanes_a of_o the_o english_a saxon_n who_o companion_n in_o the_o conquest_n of_o italy_n part_n of_o the_o saxon_n be_v and_o their_o charge_n be_v almost_o the_o same_o with_o we_o yet_o in_o the_o volume_n of_o the_o ancient_a lombard_n law_n the_o word_n feud_n be_v not_o to_o be_v find_v seldom_o the_o word_n benefice_n but_o their_o be_v many_o thing_n direct_o tend_v to_o this_o purpose_n as_o also_o in_o the_o law_n of_o the_o frank_n call_v the_o capitular_o our_o english_a saxon_n &_o those_o of_o other_o the_o word_n feud_n be_v of_o saxon_a original_a feb_n fech_n from_o whence_o it_o come_v be_v the_o same_o with_o fee_n in_o use_n now_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o word_n taste_v not_o only_o of_o the_o german_n but_o of_o it_o be_v more_o ancient_a dialect_n the_o old_a saxon._n ibid._n saxon._n d._n spelm_n ibid._n the_o feud_n come_v but_o of_o late_a to_o be_v a_o volume_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n compose_v by_o obert_n de_fw-fr horto_fw-la and_o gerard_n niger_n under_o the_o emperor_n frederick_n the_o first_o surname_v barbarossa_n ancient_o the_o fee_n be_v hold_v mere_o at_o the_o will_n of_o the_o lord_n 1._o lord_n ger._n nig_a l._n 1._o t._n c._n 1._o after_o for_o a_o year_n for_o life_n make_v perpetual_a and_o hereditary_a by_o conrade_n the_o shall_fw-mi the_o year_n 1025._o among_o the_o german_n where_o the_o descent_n be_v as_o we_o call_v it_o by_o gavelkinde_n among_o the_o french_a in_o the_o reign_n of_o hugh_n capet_n which_o he_o begin_v in_o the_o year_n 988._o in_o the_o year_n 913._o as_o munster_n will_v have_v it_o conrade_n the_o first_o change_v this_o custom_n he_o give_v the_o dukedom_n of_o saxony_n to_o henry_n the_o falconer_n as_o a_o fief_n hereditary_a to_o the_o end_n these_o be_v his_o word_n that_o he_o may_v be_v the_o more_o vigilant_a to_o combat_v the_o obotrite_n now_o those_o of_o the_o dukedom_n of_o mecklenburge_n and_o the_o enemy_n of_o the_o faith_n after_o as_o he_o otho_n the_o first_o who_o begin_v his_o reign_n 938._o and_o his_o successor_n do_v the_o like_a 346._o like_a cosmegr_n 346._o after_o his_o defeat_n of_o the_o hongre_n 359._o hongre_n ibid._n 359._o lothaire_n the_o emperor_n forbid_v lord_n to_o take_v away_o the_o vassal_n fee_v without_o his_o crime_n which_o some_o interpret_v signal_n ingratitude_n 20.23_o ingratitude_n feud_n l._n c._n tit_n 20.23_o to_o which_o conrade_n add_v unless_o he_o be_v convince_v of_o the_o crime_n by_o the_o judgement_n of_o his_o peer_n or_o equal_n of_o the_o court_n ibid._n court_n ibid._n which_o be_v call_v landamentum_fw-la it_o be_v say_v of_o the_o german_n the_o emperor_n because_o he_o can_v judge_v cause_n in_o all_o place_n confer_v upon_o illustrious_a man_n viz._n prince_n earldom_n and_o feudal_a banner_n 52._o banner_n specul_fw-la sax._n artic._n 52._o as_o another_o they_o have_v their_o fanleben_fw-mi or_o principal_a fee_n the_o collation_n and_o investiture_n of_o which_o belong_v only_o to_o the_o emperor_n 2.52_o emperor_n stat._n german_a p._n 2.52_o these_o be_v the_o fee_n of_o the_o great_a captain_n or_o baron_n call_v by_o they_o freyberen_n under_o which_o be_v the_o medii_fw-la liberi_fw-la who_o follow_v the_o war_n and_o aught_o homage_n to_o another_o as_o servitor_n noble_a 145._o noble_a munst_n 145._o the_o land_n they_o call_v terra_fw-la salica_fw-la be_v the_o same_o with_o our_o knight_n service_n 5._o service_n bodin_n l._n sixieme_a c._n 5._o this_o be_v simple_o call_v a_o fee_n military_a hold_v of_o the_o baron_n and_o vavasour_n of_o all_o which_o the_o jaw_n speak_v where_o be_v mention_v the_o great_a captain_n who_o receive_v the_o regal_a fief_n call_v vassi_fw-la dominici_fw-la who_o hold_v in_o chief_a the_o middle_a of_o a_o low_a sort_n who_o receive_v sief_n from_o they_o and_o the_o low_a to_o who_o those_o give_v 15._o give_v feud_n l._n 1._o tit_n 1._o sec_fw-la 4._o et_fw-fr tit_n 15._o frederick_n the_o first_o be_v make_v to_o speak_v thus_o we_o in_o the_o presence_n &_o witness_v of_o all_o the_o teutonic's_n &_o lombard_n and_o of_o the_o bishop_n and_o lay_v prince_n and_o baron_n and_o vanasour_n etc._n etc._n 31._o etc._n raedenic_n l._n 2._o c._n 31._o there_o be_v a_o gavelkind_a as_o well_o in_o their_o honour_n of_o the_o great_a house_n as_o of_o the_o land_n which_o hold_v in_o the_o crown_n itself_o till_o charlemaigne_n and_o be_v abolish_v in_o the_o house_n of_o hessen_n but_o fince_n the_o last_o peace_n the_o word_n of_o the_o lord_n arundel_n of_o wardour_n creation_n make_v earl_n by_o rodolph_n the_o 11._o for_o his_o good_a service_n and_o valour_n against_o the_o turk_n at_o strigoniun_n and_o the_o part_n about_o be_v we_o have_v create_v he_o and_o all_o and_o every_o of_o his_o child_n heir_n and_o posterity_n and_o descendants_n lawful_o of_o both_o sex_n for_o ever_o to_o be_v bear_v count_n and_o countess_n etc._n etc._n the_o ancient_a saxon_n be_v divide_v into_o three_o sort_n the_o edhilinge_n or_o noble_n the_o frilinge_n or_o freeman_n the_o lazzi_n or_o villein_n which_o agree_v exact_o with_o our_o distinction_n though_o now_o their_o remain_v nothing_o of_o the_o latter_a but_o the_o memory_n of_o it_o with_o we_o not_o yet_o wear_v out_o a_o among_o the_o german_n and_o as_o to_o some_o duty_n as_o till_v the_o lord_n ground_n carrying_z in_o his_o corn_n etc._n etc._n the_o complaint_n of_o the_o mutinous_a clown_n of_o the_o schwabische_n kraisse_fw-fr or_o circle_n of_o suevia_n be_v true_a that_o their_o condition_n be_v little_o better_a than_o servile_a 5._o servile_a sleid._n come_v l._n 5._o fief_n be_v every_o where_n in_o france_n upon_o the_o reason_n before_o bring_v in_o as_o all_o their_o old_a law_n &_o institution_n by_o pharamont_n and_o his_o german_a frankes_n the_o conqueror_n of_o the_o gaul_n the_o noble_n from_o the_o time_n of_o hugh_n capet_n take_v their_o surname_n from_o their_o fief_n the_o french_a have_v their_o fief_n dominant_a en_fw-fr royal_a or_o tenure_n in_o capite_fw-la hold_v immediate_o in_o chief_a of_o the_o king_n and_o whereof_o many_o other_o hold_v their_o fief_n of_o dignity_n either_o hold_v immediate_o or_o of_o some_o fief_n so_o hold_v then_o call_v fief_n mesne_fw-la a_o barony_n or_o chastelleny_n the_o feudum_fw-la vexillare_fw-la or_o fief_a rdnneret_n the_o fief_n ample_a or_o knight_n fee_v hold_v of_o the_o lord_n mesne_n baron_n or_o chastellaine_n and_o their_o fief_n roturior_a ignoble_a as_o our_o socage_n wardship_n fealty_n homage_n court_n custom_n jurisdiction_n over_o vassal_n be_v incident_n of_o the_o noble_a fiess_n a_o name_n as_o berault_n which_o comprehend_v all_o the_o species_n but_o the_o last_o they_o have_v their_o cotier_n pay_v the_o cen_n a_o quit_v rend_v or_o till_v the_o lord_n ground_n etc._n etc._n the_o cen_n be_v a_o custom_n of_o the_o roman_n and_o impose_v in_o imitation_n of_o they_o their_o villain_n or_o base_a servile_a tenant_n be_v yet_o in_o be_v they_o have_v their_o court_n feudale_n or_o fonciere_n which_o be_v as_o our_o court_n leet_n or_o baron_n a_o court_n of_o base_a jurisdiction_n to_o which_o the_o lord_n vassal_n owe_v their_o suit_n and_o service_n so_o of_o escheates_n there_o be_v little_a difference_n betwixt_o they_o &_o we_o in_o they_o and_o in_o the_o right_a d'aubaine_n where_o a_o stranger_n possess_v of_o land_n or_o good_n die_v not_o naturalize_v the_o right_a of_o bannery_n be_v the_o same_o with_o we_o which_o be_v the_o privilege_n of_o have_v a_o common_a mill_n oven_n etc._n etc._n whereto_o the_o tenant_n of_o the_o manner_n must_v resort_v so_o of_o the_o dehris_n for_o wrec_n or_o shipwrack_n of_o right_a of_o warren_n fish_v and_o fowl_v of_o hereot_fw-la a_o custom_n of_o of_o the_o german_n yet_o of_o relief_n of_o escuage_n
herefare_n with_o the_o english-saxons_a ofaide_v the_o chevel_n de_fw-fr chtvalry_n to_o knight_n the_o elder_a son_n marry_v his_o daughter_n their_o pure_a aumosue_n be_v our_o frankalmoigne_n those_o of_o spain_n as_o the_o author_n of_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o world_n be_v goth_n and_o retain_v their_o custom_n though_o not_o their_o name_n since_o roderic_n y._n roderic_n d._n t._n v._o y._n as_o doctor_n cowell_n a_o most_o learned_a civilian_n if_o you_o look_v upon_o the_o italian_n divide_v enough_o in_o their_o dominion_n upon_o the_o french_a spaniard_n and_o dutch_a our_o own_o country_n or_o the_o scot_n you_o shall_v find_v the_o law_n of_o feude_n to_o be_v admit_v 14._o admit_v jnst_n ju._n angl._n pref_o 14._o tenor_n be_v among_o the_o persian_n 14._o persian_n jou._n hist_o l._n 14._o the_o turk_n the_o ruff_n and_o the_o spaniard_n of_o peru_n by_o the_o ordinance_n of_o charles_n the_o five_o the_o emperor_n and_o king_n of_o spain_n 2._o spain_n bodin_n l._n 6._o c._n 2._o by_o all_o which_o it_o be_v clear_a that_o they_o be_v no_o invention_n of_o the_o norman_n be_v if_o we_o father_n it_o upon_o the_o lombard_n or_o frank_n both_o which_o be_v the_o father_n of_o it_o in_o their_o conquest_n and_o not_o the_o rather_o which_o we_o may_v upon_o the_o teuton_n and_o german_n the_o common_a father_n of_o these_o know_v and_o in_o use_n long_o before_o the_o norman_n be_v hear_v of_o who_o appearance_n which_o show_v they_o to_o the_o world_n be_v in_o inroad_n and_o piracie_n wherein_o many_o year_n together_o from_o their_o first_o sally_n from_o norwey_n and_o those_o part_n place_n which_o be_v every_o where_o the_o fate_n of_o the_o most_o northern_a province_n barbarous_a enough_o at_o this_o day_n to_o the_o day_n of_o rollo_n more_o than_o two_o hundred_o year_n there_o be_v neither_o civility_n nor_o honesty_n in_o their_o action_n so_o it_o be_v likely_a though_o somewhat_o they_o may_v bring_v with_o they_o they_o take_v up_o what_o they_o want_v in_o manner_n and_o government_n from_o the_o french_a with_o who_o they_o have_v keep_v so_o great_a a_o agreement_n since_o for_o which_o and_o a_o province_n unjust_o wring_v from_o that_o nation_n they_o give_v nothing_o in_o return_n but_o depopulation_n and_o blood_n and_o have_v they_o introduce_v here_o the_o rite_n of_o tenor_n they_o have_v introduce_v but_o what_o themselves_o take_v up_o either_o take_v up_o or_o bring_v with_o they_o be_v the_o same_o and_o what_o be_v common_a as_o have_v be_v observe_v among_o all_o the_o victorious_a german_a nation_n the_o only_a way_n to_o make_v it_o plain_a in_o what_o manner_n by_o what_o right_a the_o saxon_n possess_v their_o land_n will_v be_v to_o search_v into_o those_o time_n into_o the_o record_n of_o they_o the_o most_o know_v in_o these_o thing_n deny_v not_o fee_n servitude_n of_o fee_n somewhere_o be_v deny_v frud_v deny_v gloss_n verb._n frud_v i_o will_v begin_v with_o the_o alodium_n as_o likely_a to_o be_v free_a which_o be_v say_v to_o be_v foleland_n make_v the_o same_o with_o our_o socage_n which_o yet_o original_o be_v servile_a and_o more_o servile_a than_o any_o military_a tenure_n will_v be_v find_v to_o be_v colani_fw-la be_v v.c._n dom._n wat._n gloss_n in_o par._n d._n cowel_n ver_n socage_n lit._n s._n 119._o d._n lpel_n dominici_n colani_fw-la the_o aloary_n be_v say_v to_o be_v the_o better_a sort_n of_o those_o who_o hold_v by_o socage_n they_o be_v compare_v to_o the_o frankleude_n among_o the_o french_a of_o the_o noblesse_n nobiles_fw-la militiam_fw-la exarbitrio_fw-la tractantes_fw-la for_o service_n when_o the_o fit_a take_v they_o alod_n they_o dâ—n_n sptl._n verbo_fw-la alod_n call_v out_o at_o no_o man_n command_n in_o no_o foedall_n servitude_n yet_o who_o acknowledge_v a_o lord_n say_v this_o place_n out_o of_o that_o of_o the_o doomsday_n tit._n sudsex_n come_v de_fw-fr ow._n laneswice_o godwin_n bold_v of_o he_o and_o of_o he_o seven_o aloary_n who_o swear_v fealty_n and_o pay_v some_o cen_n or_o small_a rent_n this_o must_v seem_v a_o strange_a kind_n of_o military_a gentry_n owe_v little_o more_o than_o to_o god_n and_o the_o sun_n among_o a_o people_n descend_v of_o those_o from_o who_o feude_n be_v descend_v who_o fortune_n be_v build_v in_o the_o field_n and_o must_v ever_o have_v one_o hand_n upon_o the_o sword_n the_o franklend_n be_v not_o so_o free_a as_o it_o appear_v by_o this_o glossary_a free_a they_o be_v from_o tribute_n but_o not_o from_o the_o war_n leude_n war_n id_fw-la verb._n leude_n the_o word_n leude_v have_v several_a meaning_n general_o by_o it_o the_o leude_n the_o subject_n of_o all_o sort_n be_v intend_v according_a to_o that_o it_o be_v agree_v betwixt_o childebert_n and_o gruntchranne_n that_o none_o of_o they_o inveigle_v away_o another_o leude_n 6._o leude_n greg._n tur._n l._n 6._o special_o it_o be_v take_v for_o the_o vassal_n praediall_a servile_a feudall_a and_o noble_a more_o restrain_o for_o the_o vassal_n royal_a after_o call_v baron_n which_o must_v be_v the_o frankleude_n i_o will_v relate_v and_o only_o relate_v what_o i_o have_v find_v elsewhere_o among_o we_o of_o our_o alodiary_n doomsday_n be_v cite_v in_o these_o word_n and_o in_o sussex_n cetingley_n chede_v cetingley_n tit._n of_o honour_n chede_v for_o chittingley_n a_o town_n in_o pevensie_n rape_n almar_n hold_v of_o ring_n edward_n as_o alode_v sicut_fw-la alodium_fw-la upon_o which_o the_o aloarie_a be_v say_v to_o possess_v his_o land_n by_o clientelar_a right_n 217._o right_n d._n seld._n in_o ead._n 202._o v._n ibid._n 217._o the_o title_n of_o honour_n cite_v this_o and_o the_o place_n in_o sussex_n before_o say_v alodium_n be_v not_o land_n whereof_o no_o tenure_n be_v it_o may_v be_v such_o a_o tenure_n as_o be_v free_a from_o any_o chargeable_a service_n and_o again_o as_o free_a as_o kent_n be_v think_v to_o be_v the_o same_o doomsday_n speak_v thus_o these_o forfeiture_n have_v the_o king_n over_o all_o the_o alodiaries_n of_o the_o county_n of_o kent_n and_o their_o man_n vassal_n and_o when_o the_o alodiary_n die_v the_o king_n shall_v have_v relief_n therefore_o of_o his_o land_n except_o the_o land_n of_o holy_a trinity_n etc._n etc._n and_o of_o their_o land_n be_v have_v relief_n who_o have_v soc_fw-la and_o sac_fw-la not_o to_o fall_v upon_o a_o discourse_n of_o the_o feudall_a soldier_n who_o fight_v ever_o for_o his_o own_o and_o the_o mercenary_a though_o nature_n bind_v we_o to_o defend_v our_o country_n i_o know_v not_o why_o any_o tie_n in_o a_o reasonable_a equality_n to_o our_o strength_n and_o mean_n to_o knit_v this_o knot_n fast_a can_v be_v call_v servitude_n and_o some_o more_o willing_o obey_v a_o condition_n of_o their_o own_o accepe_n than_o a_o command_n i_o will_v show_v below_o there_o be_v special_a obligation_n of_o this_o kind_n upon_o those_o who_o be_v certain_o beneath_o the_o alodiary_n the_o saxon_n have_v their_o manor_n which_o they_o call_v berry_n sometime_o with_o lesser_a manor_n or_o berewics_n as_o hamlet_n of_o the_o great_a hold_v of_o they_o which_o have_v many_o plough-land_n many_o kind_n of_o service_n many_o freeman_n soâ—mannes_n many_o of_o those_o who_o do_v the_o lord_n work_v about_o the_o house_n from_o gloss_n from_o d._n spel._n gloss_n board_n the_o house_n in_o saxon_n call_v bordarii_fw-la or_o from_o board_n which_o in_o saxon_a be_v a_o table_n a_o word_n uâ—_n say_v for_o it_o still_o many_o villain_n belong_v to_o they_o 68_o they_o v._o ps_n 68_o i_o know_v not_o why_o these_o border_n shall_v be_v think_v norman_a in_o their_o name_n against_o the_o etymology_n if_o that_o place_n in_o the_o doomsday_n be_v consider_v tit._n norf._n nereburgh_n a_o town_n now_o nerborough_n hold_v aelwie_a in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o gonfessor_n now_o r._n etc._n etc._n then_o four_o and_o twenty_o villain_n etc._n etc._n then_o and_o after_o ten_o bordarii_fw-la border_n etc._n etc._n tit._n hereford_n and_o other_o twelve_o border_n work_v one_o day_n in_o the_o week_n the_o demean_n be_v call_v the_o inland_a the_o tenancy_n and_o what_o be_v allow_v the_o colony_n or_o husbandman_n the_o vtland_n according_a to_o the_o testament_n of_o bithric_n gant_n bithric_n d._n lamb._n itin._n gant_n i_o bequeath_v say_v he_o to_o walfege_v that_o inland_n as_o m._n lambard_n the_o demean_n and_o to_o elfey_n the_o outland_o as_o he_o the_o tenancy_n the_o ecclesiastical_a law_n of_o king_n edgar_n command_v tithe_n to_o be_v pay_v both_o out_o of_o the_o thenot_n inland_n and_o the_o neatland_n the_o tenant_n land_n 444._o land_n ll._n eâ—g_n eccles_n council_n 444._o thus_o must_v ingulphus_n be_v intend_v in_o the_o deed_n of_o withlaf_n and_o beored_n mercian_n king_n twice_o be_v these_o word_n also_o i_o confirm_v to_o the_o foresaid_a monastery_n of_o the_o gift_n