find_v liable_a to_o the_o liferenter_fw-la for_o the_o true_a worth_n of_o the_o liferent-land_n and_o not_o according_a as_o he_o set_v they_o though_o they_o be_v never_o set_v before_o except_o the_o appryzer_n have_v set_v the_o land_n whole_o or_o near_o to_o the_o worth_n march_v 9_o 1631._o lady_n huttonhall_n contra_fw-la laird_n of_o moristoun_n and_o touch._n 9_o a_o liferenter_n executor_n be_v find_v to_o have_v right_a to_o the_o mertimas_n term_n though_o the_o liferenter_fw-la die_v upon_o the_o mertimas_n day_n in_o the_o afternoon_n february_n 16._o 1642._o executor_n of_o the_o lady_n bruntoun_n contra_fw-la heir_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o glasgow_n and_o they_o have_v right_a to_o the_o whole_a crop_v and_o profit_n of_o the_o land_n labour_v and_o sow_v by_o themselves_o or_o which_o be_v in_o mansing_n and_o not_o set_v to_o tenant_n though_o the_o liferenter_fw-la die_v before_o mertimas_n december_n 14._o 1621._o william_n 〈◊〉_d contra_fw-la james_n nisbit_n a_o liferenter_n executor_n be_v find_v to_o have_v right_a to_o the_o whole_a year_n rend_v of_o a_o miln_n liferent_v by_o she_o she_o have_v survive_v martimas_n and_o that_o miln_n rent_n be_v not_o due_a de_fw-fr die_v in_o diem_fw-la but_o as_o land-rent_n not_o as_o house_n mail_n though_o the_o conventional_a term_n of_o the_o miln_n rent_n be_v after_o martimas_n viz._n one_o term_n at_o candlemess_n after_o the_o separation_n and_o the_o other_o at_o whitsonday_n thereafter_o july_n 20._o 1671._o guthry_n contra_fw-la laird_n of_o mckerstoun_n but_o a_o liferenter_fw-la infeft_v in_o a_o annualrent_a of_o victual_n provide_v to_o be_v pay_v yearly_o betwixt_o zule_n and_o candlemess_n her_o husband_n have_v die_v after_o martimas_n and_o before_o candlemess_n she_o be_v find_v to_o have_v no_o share_n of_o her_o annualrent_a for_o that_o crop_v january_n 12._o 1681._o katherine_n trotter_n lady_n craigli_v contra_fw-la rochhead_n lady_n prestoungrange_n 10._o a_o conjunctfee_n or_o conjunct-infeftment_a be_v that_o which_o be_v grant_v to_o more_o person_n joint_o which_o if_o it_o be_v provide_v to_o they_o and_o their_o heir_n simple_o it_o make_v they_o and_o their_o heir_n to_o have_v equal_a right_n pro_fw-la indiviso_fw-la and_o they_o be_v all_o equal_o fiar_n and_o after_o the_o death_n of_o any_o of_o they_o their_o portion_n belong_v to_o their_o heir_n but_o the_o liferent_a of_o the_o deceass_v accress_v not_o to_o the_o surviver_n but_o when_o conjunct-infeftments_a be_v provide_v to_o husband_n and_o wife_n the_o long_a liver_n of_o they_o two_o and_o their_o heir_n there_o the_o law_n presume_v that_o the_o heir_n be_v the_o man_n heir_n and_o by_o that_o interpretation_n the_o wife_n by_o the_o conjunctfee_n be_v but_o liferenter_fw-la and_o general_o heir_n of_o man_n and_o wife_n in_o all_o thing_n except_o movable_a right_n be_v ever_o understand_v to_o be_v the_o man_n heir_n propter_fw-la eminentiam_fw-la masculini_fw-la sexus_fw-la so_o be_v it_o find_v in_o a_o assignation_n to_o a_o reversion_n grant_v to_o a_o man_n and_o his_o wife_n and_o their_o heir_n that_o thereby_o the_o man_n heir_n first_o these_o of_o the_o marriage_n and_o next_o his_o other_o heir_n whatsoever_o be_v understand_v hope_v husband_n and_o wife_n walter_n collestoun_n contra_fw-la pitfoddel_n yet_o though_o this_o be_v presumptio_fw-la juris_fw-la it_o admit_v contrary_a more_o pregnant_a evidence_n as_o a_o reversion_n grant_v to_o a_o man_n and_o wife_n and_o their_o heir_n find_v to_o constitute_v the_o wife_n fire_n because_o she_o be_v heretrix_fw-la of_o the_o wodset_a land_n hope_v liferent_a kincaid_n contra_fw-la menzies_n of_o pitfoddel_n but_o to_o prevent_v this_o question_n the_o provision_n ordinary_o be_v to_o the_o long_a liver_n of_o they_o two_o and_o their_o heir_n whilk_n fail_v to_o such_o particular_a heir_n express_v whereby_o these_o be_v common_o esteem_v fiar_n who_o heir_n what_o some_o ever_o be_v substitute_n and_o yet_o a_o sum_n provide_v to_o a_o man_n and_o his_o wife_n and_o the_o heir_n betwixt_o they_o whilk_n fail_v to_o divide_v betwixt_o the_o man_n and_o wife_n heir_n be_v find_v not_o to_o constitute_v the_o wife_n fire_n of_o the_o half_a but_o only_o liferenter_fw-la and_o the_o wife_n heir_n of_o line_n to_o be_v heir_n of_o provision_n to_o the_o man_n and_o that_o the_o sum_n be_v disposeable_a by_o he_o and_o arrestable_a by_o his_o creditor_n january_n 29._o 1639._o graham_n contra_fw-la park_n and_o gerdon_n so_o strong_a be_v this_o presumption_n that_o there_o be_v no_o more_o mean_v to_o be_v grant_v to_o wife_n but_o their_o liferent-right_a and_o no_o part_n of_o the_o fee_n unless_o the_o provision_n bear_v express_o a_o power_n to_o the_o wife_n to_o dispone_n and_o if_o it_o be_v adject_v at_o any_o time_n during_o her_o life_n the_o fee_n will_v remain_v in_o the_o man_n and_o that_o power_n in_o the_o wife_n will_v rather_o be_v understand_v as_o a_o faculty_n like_v to_o the_o power_n give_v to_o commissioner_n to_o dispone_n land_n than_o a_o act_n of_o property_n unless_o that_o the_o provision_n bear_v a_o power_n to_o the_o wife_n and_o her_o heir_n to_o dispone_n but_o a_o conjunctfee_n to_o future_a spouse_n of_o conquest_n during_o the_o marriage_n in_o these_o term_n the_o one_o half_a thereof_o to_o be_v dispone_v upon_o as_o the_o wife_n shall_v think_v fit_a be_v in_o a_o minute_n of_o contract_n express_v no_o heir_n but_o be_v a_o short_a draught_n the_o lady_n be_v of_o great_a quality_n have_v about_o 22000._o mark_n yearly_a in_o liferent_a beside_o money_n and_o movable_n and_o the_o husband_n be_v a_o nobleman_n son_n have_v gain_v a_o estate_n of_o 7000._o mark_n yearly_a in_o the_o ware_n which_o he_o have_v least_o the_o clause_n be_v find_v to_o be_v understand_v and_o extend_v so_o as_o to_o make_v both_o future_a spouse_n equal_a fiar_n see_v the_o conquest_n be_v main_o to_o arise_v out_o of_o the_o wife_n liferent_a june_n 27._o 1676._o earl_n of_o dumfermling_n contra_fw-la earl_n of_o callender_n if_o a_o conjunct-infeftment_a be_v grant_v to_o two_o or_o more_o the_o long_a liver_n of_o they_o and_o express_v no_o heir_n but_o a_o liferent_a to_o they_o all_o the_o same_o accress_v to_o the_o surviver_n or_o if_o it_o be_v a_o right_n of_o land_n or_o annualrent_n to_o a_o man_n and_o his_o wife_n the_o long_a liver_n of_o they_o two_o and_o to_o their_o son_n name_v and_o his_o heir_n the_o man_n and_o his_o wife_n be_v both_o liferenter_n and_o the_o son_n be_v fire_n only_o unless_o the_o right_n be_v for_o security_n of_o sum_n of_o money_n and_o then_o the_o person_n name_v be_v but_o as_o heir_n substitute_n the_o father_n be_v fire_n even_o though_o the_o son_n be_v infeft_v with_o the_o father_n and_o mother_n january_n 14._o 1663._o thomas_n bog_n contra_fw-la sir_n thomas_n nicolson_n july_n 23._o 1675._o moor_n of_o anistoun_n contra_fw-la laird_n of_o lamingtoun_n 11._o the_o main_a difference_n betwixt_o conjunct-fee_n and_o other_o life-rent_n be_v that_o the_o conjunct-fiar_n though_o by_o interpretation_n liferenter_fw-la only_a and_o so_o may_v not_o alienat_fw-la or_o waste_v yet_o by_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o right_n and_o custom_n they_o have_v the_o benefit_n of_o all_o casualty_n befalling_a during_o their_o life_n and_o may_v dispose_v thereof_o which_o will_v not_o only_o be_v effectual_a during_o their_o life_n but_o simple_o for_o that_o individual_a casuality_n so_o conjunct-fiars_a may_v receive_v and_o enter_v the_o heir_n of_o vassal_n and_o have_v the_o benefit_n of_o their_o ward_n nonentry_n liferent-escheat_n and_o may_v grant_v gift_n thereof_o effectual_o even_o as_o to_o the_o time_n after_o their_o death_n so_o also_o a_o conjunct-siar_a infeft_v with_o her_o husband_n in_o land_n cum_fw-la sylvis_n be_v find_v thereby_o to_o have_v right_a to_o make_v use_n of_o the_o wood_n for_o she_o and_o her_o tenant_n use_n january_n 10._o 1610._o hunter_n and_o other_o contra_fw-la relict_n of_o gadgirth_n vide_fw-la title_n 13._o §_o 41._o liferenter_n have_v not_o these_o casualty_n of_o superiority_n yet_o a_o baron_n have_v dispone_v his_o barony_n reserve_v his_o liferent_a be_v thereby_o find_v to_o have_v right_a to_o receive_v the_o heir_n of_o his_o vassal_n but_o not_o singular_a successor_n january_n 11._o 1611._o crawfurd_n contra_fw-la laird_n of_o glaspen_n and_o there_o be_v reason_n that_o the_o fire_n dispone_v with_o reservation_n to_o himself_o whereby_o his_o own_o infeftment_n stand_v pro_fw-la tanto_fw-la shall_v have_v great_a power_n than_o a_o liferent_a apart_o or_o by_o reservation_n not_o be_v before_o infeft_v conjunctfee_n though_o public_a as_o ordinary_o they_o be_v and_o thereby_o as_o to_o the_o superior_a the_o fee_n be_v full_a and_o the_o casualty_n of_o ward_n and_o nonentry_n exclude_v yet_o the_o heir_n may_v enter_v to_o the_o property_n and_o compel_v the_o superior_a to_o
relic_n part_v because_o these_o be_v not_o proper_o succession_n but_o as_o to_o the_o dead_v part_n which_o befall_v to_o the_o near_a of_o kin_n jure_fw-la agnationis_fw-la it_o be_v convey_v by_o a_o proper_a succession_n to_o the_o near_a of_o kin_n wherein_o child_n unforisfamiliat_v succeed_v as_o near_o of_o kin_n and_o so_o be_v liable_a to_o the_o legacy_n and_o deed_n of_o the_o defunct_a on_o deathbed_n as_o to_o the_o dead_v part_n but_o not_o as_o to_o their_o bairn_n part_v and_o therefore_o bairn_n survive_v their_o father_n though_o they_o die_v before_o confirmation_n they_o transmit_v their_o bairn_n part_v but_o not_o dead_v part_n unless_o they_o also_o survive_v the_o confirmation_n that_o be_v aditio_fw-la haereditatis_fw-la in_o mobilibus_fw-la 62._o executor_n ad_fw-la omissa_fw-la &_o malè_fw-la appretiata_fw-la aught_o to_o call_v the_o principal_a executor_n to_o their_o confirmation_n else_o their_o confirmation_n be_v null_a february_n 14._o 1622._o bain_n contra_fw-la march_v 12._o 1631._o duff_n contra_fw-la alves_n but_o this_o hold_v not_o in_o executor_n creditor_n ad_fw-la omissa_fw-la june_n 28._o 1623._o white_a contra_fw-la these_o have_n a_o more_o favourable_a interest_n for_o satisfy_v their_o own_o debt_n it_o may_v be_v question_v here_o whether_o those_o thing_n can_v be_v call_v malè_fw-la appretiata_fw-la which_o be_v pretiat_a by_o the_o defunct_a himself_n doubtless_o modica_fw-la differentia_fw-la be_v not_o to_o be_v regard_v but_o if_o the_o price_n be_v considerable_o to_o the_o lesion_n of_o creditor_n legatar_n or_o other_o as_o be_v a_o half_n or_o three_o within_o the_o just_a price_n they_o may_v be_v repretiat_a feb._n 1._o 1662._o belshes_n contra_fw-la otherways_o it_o stand_v though_o both_o the_o quantity_n and_o price_n be_v know_v to_o be_v great_a the_o difference_n not_o be_v exorbitant_a feb._n 2._o 1672._o agnes_n nimmo_n contra_fw-la william_n martin_n and_o executor_n be_v comptable_a according_a to_o the_o ordinary_a price_n see_v id_fw-la non_fw-la agebatur_fw-la by_o the_o price_n to_o gift_n to_o the_o executor_n unless_o it_o have_v be_v express_v that_o the_o price_n shall_v not_o be_v question_v and_o then_o it_o be_v as_o a_o legacy_n to_o the_o executor_n and_o to_o be_v impute_v in_o part_n of_o the_o benefit_n of_o his_o office_n and_o prejudge_n none_o but_o legatar_n for_o the_o defunct_a can_v do_v no_o deed_n on_o deathbed_n or_o in_o testament_n further_o than_o extend_v to_o the_o dead_n part_n a_o executor_n ad_fw-la omissa_fw-la pursue_v the_o principal_a executrix_n who_o deponed_a that_o she_o have_v confirm_v her_o husband_n corn_n by_o a_o estimat_fw-la thereof_o in_o the_o barn-yard_n by_o skill_a man_n but_o that_o it_o have_v arisen_a some_o bolls_n high_a and_o that_o she_o have_v confirm_v a_o part_n of_o a_o sum_n contain_v in_o a_o bond_n grant_v to_o her_o husband_n because_o she_o know_v the_o rest_n be_v pay_v she_o be_v find_v liable_a not_o according_a to_o the_o estimat_fw-la but_o according_a to_o the_o quantity_n the_o corn_n arise_v to_o and_o for_o the_o whole_a sum_n contain_v in_o the_o bond_n unless_o she_o produce_v the_o bond_n that_o the_o executor_n ad_fw-la omissa_fw-la may_v proceed_v thereon_o for_o the_o rest_n or_o otherways_o that_o she_o prove_v that_o part_n she_o omit_v be_v pay_v by_o the_o debtor_n and_o that_o her_o oath_n of_o knowledge_n can_v neither_o exoner_o the_o debtor_n nor_o herself_o november_n 6._o 1679._o alexander_n bruce_n contra_fw-la anna_n douglas_n and_o a_o executor_n be_v make_v to_o depone_v upon_o the_o good_n quantity_n and_o price_n in_o the_o inventary_a at_o the_o instance_n of_o a_o executor_n ad_fw-la omissa_fw-la notwithstanding_o the_o principal_a executor_n oath_n at_o the_o confirmation_n july_n 18._o 1667._o jean_n ker_n contra_fw-la john_n kiu._n 63._o executor_n creditor_n must_v instruct_v their_o debt_n before_o the_o commissary_n and_o therefore_o if_o they_o have_v no_o writ_n to_o instruct_v it_o they_o may_v pursue_v the_o near_a of_o kin_n cognitionis_fw-la causâ_fw-la and_o have_v obtain_v decreet_a it_o will_v instruct_v their_o interest_n to_o get_v confirmation_n as_o executor_n creditor_n which_o be_v do_v they_o need_v not_o instruct_v their_o debt_n to_o the_o defunct_n debtor_n or_o other_o but_o the_o confirmation_n be_v sufficient_a the_o debt_n be_v but_o the_o ground_n on_o which_o the_o commissary_n prefer_v they_o to_o be_v executor_n dalive_a spot_n testament_n james_n reid_n contra_fw-la james_n lochier_fw-fr so_o that_o no_o objection_n against_o their_o title_n or_o debt_n or_o that_o they_o be_v satisfy_v by_o the_o executory_a or_o otherwise_o will_v exclude_v they_o as_o that_o the_o debt_n be_v a_o bond_n on_o deathbed_n though_o propon_v by_o other_o executor_n creditor_n confirm_v within_o some_o day_n after_o feb._n 16._o 1628._o creditor_n of_o adam_n marshal_n contra_fw-la byres_n and_o therefore_o they_o may_v confirm_v and_o uplift_v much_o more_o than_o the_o debt_n due_a to_o they_o but_o be_v liable_a for_o the_o superplus_n but_o their_o confirmation_n prejudge_v not_o other_o creditor_n who_o use_v diligence_n before_o the_o confirmation_n 64._o so_o much_o for_o the_o office_n power_n and_o interest_n of_o executor_n actiuè_fw-la let_v we_o now_o consider_v their_o duty_n and_o burden_n passiuè_fw-la and_o that_o be_v first_o all_o executor_n be_v liable_a for_o diligence_n in_o execute_v the_o testament_n but_o not_o all_o equal_o for_o those_o who_o have_v a_o profitable_a office_n be_v liable_a for_o more_o diligence_n than_o these_o who_o have_v not_o as_o executor_n nominat_fw-la where_o dead_a be_v part_n be_v not_o exhaust_v with_o legacy_n be_v most_o oblige_v for_o exact_a diligence_n but_o if_o there_o be_v a_o universal_a legatar_n whereby_o the_o executor_n have_v no_o benefit_n the_o executor_n be_v only_o liable_a quoad_fw-la dolum_fw-la &_o latam_fw-la culpam_fw-la and_o for_o supine_n negligence_n but_o not_o to_o use_v horning_n and_o poind_v but_o to_o assign_v when_o ever_o the_o legatar_n insist_v june_n 11._o 1629._o nivine_a contra_fw-la hog_n the_o like_a as_o to_o a_o special_a legacy_n whereof_o the_o executor_n have_v no_o benefit_n and_o the_o legatar_n may_v have_v pursue_v for_o it_o himself_o december_n 2._o 1628._o port_n contra_fw-la morison_n the_o ordinary_a diligence_n require_v of_o executor_n be_v sentence_n and_o registrat_n horning_n against_o the_o defunct_n debtor_n but_o how_o soon_o this_o must_v be_v dispatch_v be_v according_a to_o the_o difficulty_n and_o length_n of_o the_o process_n quod_fw-la est_fw-la in_o arbitrio_fw-la judicis_fw-la executor_n be_v liable_a in_o the_o first_o place_n to_o the_o defunct_n creditor_n secundûm_fw-la vires_fw-la inventarii_fw-la and_o no_o further_o and_o that_o not_o only_o to_o the_o creditor_n to_o who_o movable_a debt_n be_v due_a but_o also_o to_o the_o creditor_n in_o heritable_a debt_n or_o obligement_n prestable_a by_o the_o executor_n not_o consist_v in_o facto_fw-la proper_a to_o heir_n as_o to_o dispone_v land_n etc._n etc._n december_n 14._o 1609._o grace_n contra_fw-la craig_n february_n 24._o 1627._o carnagie_n contra_fw-la lermonth_n hope_v executor_n adam_n contra_fw-la grace_n and_o so_o be_v find_v liable_a to_o employ_v a_o sum_n on_o land_n or_o annualrent_n for_o a_o wife_n be_v liferent-use_a hope_v executor_n john_n tran_n contra_fw-la james_n jackson_n february_n 17._o 1632._o kincade_n contra_fw-la yeoman_n where_o the_o executor_n be_v not_o only_o find_v liable_a to_o employ_v the_o sum_n but_o to_o pay_v the_o annualrent_a of_o it_o march_n 12._o 1622._o sir_n william_n fairly_n contra_fw-la executor_n of_o fairly_n and_o also_o for_o warrandice_n of_o a_o infeftment_n be_v liquidat_n july_n 22._o 1630._o salmond_n contra_fw-la orre_n and_o a_o executor_n be_v find_v liable_a to_o pay_v a_o creditor_n of_o the_o defunct_a the_o price_n of_o land_n sell_v to_o the_o defunct_a by_o a_o minute_n without_o restrict_v the_o creditor_n to_o the_o heir_n who_o only_o will_v get_v the_o right_n of_o the_o land_n by_o the_o minute_n which_o remain_v incomplete_a or_o without_o cause_v the_o creditor_n dispone_v the_o land_n to_o the_o executor_n in_o lieu_n of_o the_o movable_n exhaust_v by_o the_o price_n reserve_v to_o the_o executor_n relief_n against_o the_o heir_n as_o accord_n july_n 1._o 1662._o william_n baillie_n contra_fw-la margaret_n henrison_n and_o general_o creditor_n have_v their_o option_n to_o pursue_v the_o heir_n or_o executor_n of_o their_o defunct_a debtor_n yet_o executor_n be_v not_o find_v liable_a for_o a_o annual_a payment_n for_o year_n after_o the_o defunct_n death_n but_o only_o his_o heir_n febrnary_a 5._o 1675._o mr._n ninian_n hill_n contra_fw-la maxwell_n but_o if_o there_o have_v be_v no_o heritable_a right_o to_o affect_v the_o executor_n will_v have_v be_v find_v liable_a it_o be_v long_o dubious_a whether_o executor_n creditor_n be_v liable_a for_o any_o diligence_n see_v they_o confirm_v for_o payment_n of_o 〈◊〉_d
and_o unfavourable_a with_o the_o exception_n against_o it_o 41_o single_a value_n find_v due_a where_o the_o heir_n be_v marry_v before_o his_o predecessor_n die_v by_o precipitation_n 42_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o single_a value_n in_o heir_n male_a or_o female_a 43_o marriage_n be_v debitum_fw-la fundi_fw-la 44_o it_o belong_v to_o the_o elder_a superior_a 45_o the_o royal_a prerogative_n prefer_v the_o king_n to_o all_o other_o as_o to_o the_o marriage_n of_o the_o vassal_n 46_o marriage_n be_v due_a by_o the_o heir_n of_o appriser_n 47_o exception_n against_o the_o value_n of_o marriage_n 48_o the_o rise_n of_o liferent_a escheat_n 49_o it_o extend_v to_o all_o kind_n of_o liferent_n 50_o liferent_n of_o fee_n not_o have_v infeftment_n or_o not_o owe_v fidelity_n to_o a_o subject_a belong_v to_o the_o king_n 51_o liferent_a escheat_n of_o sub_n vassal_n to_o who_o they_o belong_v 52_o liferent-escheat_n be_v not_o exclude_v by_o voluntary_a infeftment_n after_o denounciation_n not_o be_v for_o in_o plement_n of_o a_o special_a obligement_n to_o infeft_v before_o denounciation_n 53_o liferent-escheat_n be_v exclude_v by_o apprife_v for_o debt_n anterior_a to_o the_o rebellion_n there_o be_v infeftment_n or_o charge_n in_o cursu_fw-la rebellionis_fw-la 54_o liferent-escheat_n extend_v not_o to_o burgage_n or_o mortification_n 55_o but_o extend_v to_o minister_n stipend_n 56_o liferent-escheat_n be_v make_v effectual_a by_o declarator_n title_n xv._n annualrent_a where_o of_o pension_n and_o poind_v of_o the_o ground_n 1_o description_n of_o annualrent_a 2_o the_o rise_n of_o annualrent_a 3_o the_o manner_n of_o constitute_v annualrent_n 4_o the_o kind_n of_o hold_v of_o annualrent_n 5_o liferent-escheat_n of_o annualrenter_n 6_o kind_n of_o annualrent_n among_o the_o english_a 7_o the_o difference_n of_o feu-annual_n ground-annual_n and_o top-annual_n 8_o poind_v of_o the_o ground_n 9_o the_o extent_n thereof_o 10_o who_o must_v be_v cite_v in_o poind_v of_o the_o ground_n 11_o the_o effect_n of_o poind_v the_o ground_n as_o to_o ground_n right_n 12_o the_o order_n of_o poind_v movable_n by_o several_a annualrenter_n 13_o annualrent_n be_v effectual_a personal_o against_o intrometter_n 14_o annualrent_n be_v movable_a as_o to_o bygones_fw-la 15_o extinction_n of_o annualrent_n 16_o ecclesiastic_a pension_n affect_v the_o benefice_n 17_o pension_n by_o secular_a person_n how_o far_o effectual_a 18_o the_o king_n pension_n be_v not_o arrestable_a title_n xvi_o liferent_n where_o of_o conjunctfee_n terce_n and_o liferent_n by_o the_o courtesy_n of_o scotland_n 1_o servitude_n personal_a by_o the_o roman_a law_n 2_o servitude_n personal_a by_o our_o custom_n 3_o clause_n of_o conquest_n of_o liferent_a or_o fee_n of_o land_n acquire_v during_o marriage_n how_o far_o extend_v 4_o all_o liferent_n must_v be_v salva_fw-la rei_fw-la substantia_fw-la 5_o liferenter_n be_v burden_a with_o aliment_n of_o heir_n 6_o liferent_n without_o infeftment_n be_v not_o effectual_a against_o singular_a successor_n 7_o the_o effect_n of_o assignation_n to_o liferent_n 8_o liferent_n be_v not_o prejudge_v by_o tack_n or_o other_o deed_n of_o the_o foot_n be_v posterior_n 9_o what_o term_n do_v belong_v to_o liferenter_n 10_o conjunctfee_n 11_o liferenter_n by_o conjunctfee_n have_v all_o the_o casualty_n of_o superiority_n 12_o terce_n 13_o service_n of_o terce_n 14_o ken_n to_o terce_n 15_o the_o effect_n of_o terce_n 16_o the_o extent_n of_o terce_n 17_o exception_n against_o terce_n 18_o burden_n of_o terce_n 19_o liferent_n by_o the_o courtesy_n of_o scotland_n 20_o public_a burden_n title_n xvii_o servitude_n real_a 1_o requisit_n to_o constitute_v real_a servitude_n by_o consent_n 2_o how_o prescription_n constitute_v servitude_n 3_o how_o far_o servitude_n eat_v effectual_a against_o the_o superior_a 4_o extinction_n of_o servitude_n 5_o kind_n of_o servitude_n 6_o servitude_n of_o support_n 7_o stillicide_n 8_o sink_n 9_o servitude_n of_o prospect_n or_o light_n 10_o way_n 11_o water_v 12_o watergang_n 13_o fevel_v 14_o pasturage_n 15_o thirlage_n 16_o several_a way_n of_o constitute_a thirlage_n 17_o several_a case_n in_o which_o thirlage_n be_v not_o constitute_v 18_o the_o effect_n and_o extent_n of_o thirlage_n 19_o the_o import_n of_o several_a clause_n of_o thirlage_n 20_o invecta_fw-la &_o illata_fw-la or_o tholl_a fire_n and_o water_n 21_o sequels_fw-fr 22_o miln-service_n 23_o privilege_n of_o milns_n 24_o how_o thirlage_n become_v extinct_a 25_o in_o multure_n seed_n and_o horse_n corn_n be_v to_o be_v deduce_v but_o no_o other_o expense_n of_o labour_v 26_o thirlage_n constitute_v by_o a_o vassal_n not_o effectual_a against_o the_o superior_a 27_o deduction_n for_o insufficiency_n of_o the_o miln_n break_v down_o of_o the_o dam_n or_o frost_n title_n xviii_o teind_n where_o of_o benefice_n stipend_n presentation_n collation_n institution_n tack_n annat_n and_o patronage_n 1_o teind_n affect_v all_o intrometter_n but_o not_o singular_a successor_n 2_o the_o rise_n of_o teind_n 3_o the_o first_o division_n of_o 〈◊〉_d 4_o whether_o teind_n be_v jure_fw-la divino_fw-la 5_o kind_n of_o teind_n 6_o we_o have_v no_o personal_a teind_n and_o vicarage_n be_v local_a according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o several_a place_n 7_o what_o land_n be_v teind-free_a 8_o teind_n may_v not_o be_v feve_v after_o the_o lateran_n council_n 9_o teind_n be_v not_o annex_v to_o the_o crown_n 10_o teind_n include_v 11_o surrender_n of_o teind_n to_o the_o king_n and_o his_o decreet_a arbitral_a for_o value_v and_o sell_v thereof_o 12_o commission_n for_o valuation_n of_o teind_n 13_o annuity_n of_o teind_n 14_o the_o rule_n for_o value_v teind_n 15_o benefice_n 16_o decime_fw-la debentur_fw-la parocho_fw-la 17_o consent_n of_o the_o chapter_n convent_n or_o prebend_n how_o far_o requisite_a 18_o diminution_n of_o the_o rental_a of_o benefice_n 19_o consent_n of_o patron_n 20_o tack_n by_o college_n 21_o the_o present_a condition_n of_o teind_n 22_o draw_v teind_n 23_o spuilzie_n of_o teind_n and_o inhibition_n 24_o rental_v teind_v bolls_n 25_o the_o interest_n of_o bishop_n in_o their_o benefice_n 26_o the_o interest_n of_o minister_n in_o benence_n 27_o kirk_n patrimonial_a or_o 〈◊〉_d 28_o presentation_n and_o collation_n 29_o the_o effect_n of_o possession_n as_o to_o benefice_n and_o stipend_n 30_o stipend_n allocat_fw-la and_o unallocat_fw-la 31_o teind_n change_v as_o the_o land_n be_v in_o grass_n corn_n or_o other_o crop_n 32_o teind_n be_v not_o debita_fw-la fundi_fw-la 33_o the_o legal_a term_n of_o benefice_n and_o stipend_n 34_o the_o annat_n 35_o patronage_n title_n xix_o tack_n where_o of_o rental_n tacit_a relocation_n and_o remove_v 1_o the_o nature_n of_o tack_n 2_o how_o tack_n become_v as_o real_a right_n effectual_a against_o singular_a successor_n 3_o who_o may_v grant_v tack_n 4_o how_o tack_n may_v be_v servant_n 5_o the_o tenor_n or_o tack_n 6_o the_o effect_n of_o obligement_n to_o set_v tack_n 7_o tack_n become_v real_a right_n by_o possession_n 8_o tack_n in_o wadset_n after_o redemption_n become_v valid_a 9_o the_o extent_n and_o effect_n of_o tack_n 10_o tacks-man_n in_o possession_n need_v not_o dispute_v the_o setter_n right_n dispute_v as_o heritable_a proprietar_n 11_o the_o effect_n of_o tack_n whereof_o the_o tack-duty_n be_v payable_a to_o creditor_n 12_o tack_n be_v good_a active_a title_n for_o maill_n and_o duty_n 13_o the_o effect_n of_o tack_n set_v to_o husband_n and_o wife_n 14_o kind_n of_o tack_n 15_o rental_n 16_o the_o effect_n of_o assignation_n or_o subtack_n of_o rental_n or_o other_o tack_n 17_o the_o effect_n of_o subtack_n as_o to_o tutor_n and_o donatar_n 18_o the_o effect_n of_o rental_n in_o court_n book_n or_o rental_a book_n only_o 19_o the_o endurance_n of_o rental_n 20_o the_o effect_n of_o grassum_n 21_o how_o far_o rental_n become_v void_a by_o alienation_n assignation_n or_o subtack_n 22_o defect_n of_o subtacks_n 23_o tacit_fw-la relocation_n 24_o how_o tack_n fall_v in_o escheat_n 25_o tack_n sleep_v during_o ward_n and_o nonentry_n of_o the_o setter_n and_o be_v valid_a against_o his_o liferent-escheat_n 26_o tack_n be_v 〈◊〉_d juris_fw-la and_o extend_v not_o to_o heir_n or_o voluntary_a assignys_n or_o subtack_n or_o remove_v but_o when_o express_v except_o tack_n for_o liferent_a or_o equivalent_a 27_o tack_n without_o ish_n be_v null_a 28_o how_o far_o tack_n to_o endure_v till_o a_o sum_n be_v pay_v be_v valid_a 29_o tack_n be_v null_a without_o a_o tack-duty_n 30_o tack_n be_v valid_a though_o not_o express_v the_o entry_n 31_o tenant_n must_v labour_v and_o not_o waste_v or_o open_v the_o ground_n for_o any_o mineral_n 32_o tack_n become_v void_a by_o two_o year_n not_o payment_n of_o the_o tack-duty_n 33_o or_o for_o not_o find_v caution_n to_o pay_v the_o tack-duty_n by-gone_a and_o in_o time_n to_o come_v 34_o or_o by_o the_o tenant_n renounciation_n 35_o by_o contrary_a consent_n of_o both_o party_n 36_o by_o
as_o a_o formal_a and_o a_o proportional_a aliment_n as_o be_v find_v in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o creditor_n of_o mr._n andrew_n hamiltoun_n contra_fw-la lady_n carberry_n his_o wife_n from_o this_o communion_n of_o good_n it_o follow_v also_o that_o there_o be_v a_o communion_n of_o debt_n whereby_o the_o husband_n be_v liable_a for_o the_o wife_n debt_n though_o it_o shall_v both_o exceed_v she_o and_o his_o movable_n and_o the_o profit_n of_o the_o wife_n land_n or_o of_o her_o other_o heritable_a right_n but_o this_o be_v not_o find_v to_o hold_v in_o matter_n of_o wrong_n or_o criminal_a thing_n and_o so_o the_o husband_n find_v not_o liable_a for_o a_o spuilzie_n or_o wrongous_a intromission_n commit_v by_o his_o wife_n without_o his_o knowledge_n or_o approbation_n during_o the_o marriage_n february_n 2._o 1628._o scot_n contra_fw-la katherine_n banks_n and_o james_n neil_n the_o same_o be_v observe_v by_o spot_n husband_n and_o wife_n inter_fw-la eosdem_fw-la these_o be_v do_v stante_fw-la matrimonio_fw-la without_o the_o husband_n consent_n and_o yet_o the_o husband_n find_v liable_a for_o the_o damnage_n of_o a_o milne_n demolish_v by_o his_o wife_n as_o praeposita_fw-la negotiis_fw-la and_o by_o his_o domestic_a servant_n though_o he_o be_v out_o of_o the_o country_n spot_n husband_n and_o wife_n laird_n ludqhairn_n contra_fw-la earl_n of_o marishal_n neither_o be_v a_o husband_n find_v liable_a for_o the_o penalty_n of_o the_o contraveen_a the_o act_n of_o a_o kirk_n session_n ut_fw-la supra_fw-la a_o husband_n find_v liable_a for_o his_o interest_n for_o his_o wife_n tutor_n count_n not_o only_o what_o she_o be_v liable_a for_o during_o her_o widovity_n but_o during_o the_o time_n of_o a_o former_a husband_n his_o successor_n be_v always_o first_o discuss_v as_o to_o what_o be_v 〈◊〉_d in_o his_o time_n march_v 28._o 1629._o mathison_n contra_fw-la waristonn_n yea_o without_o the_o discuss_n of_o the_o successor_n of_o the_o first_o husband_n primo_fw-la loco_fw-la where_o the_o intromission_n be_v before_o both_o marriage_n but_o prejudice_n to_o the_o defender_n to_o pursue_v the_o heir_n of_o the_o first_o husband_n as_o accord_n february_n 18._o 1663._o dumbar_n of_o hemprig_n contra_fw-la lord_n frazer_n but_o a_o husband_n be_v not_o find_v liable_a for_o furniture_n give_v by_o merchant_n to_o his_o wife_n without_o his_o consent_n she_o have_v go_v to_o london_n without_o his_o warrant_n except_o in_o so_o far_o as_o her_o ordinar_n expense_n will_v have_v amount_v to_o if_o she_o have_v stay_v at_o home_n though_o her_o husband_n have_v not_o inhibit_v she_o july_n 6._o 1677._o john_n allan_n contra_fw-la earl_n and_o countess_n of_o southesk_n after_o inhibition_n against_o wife_n the_o husband_n be_v not_o liable_a for_o any_o thing_n they_o contract_v except_o what_o be_v furnish_v suitable_a to_o their_o quality_n and_o where_o the_o husband_n can_v instruct_v that_o he_o sufficient_o provide_v his_o wife_n otherways_o july_n the_o 25._o 1676._o 〈◊〉_d campbel_n contra_fw-la laird_n of_o abden_n the_o like_a be_v find_v at_o the_o same_o time_n concern_v the_o furniture_n of_o the_o lady_n monteith_n but_o this_o obligement_n of_o the_o husband_n be_v only_o for_o his_o interest_n 〈◊〉_d mariti_fw-la the_o debt_n itself_o do_v not_o proper_o become_v he_o but_o only_o it_o may_v take_v effect_n against_o his_o person_n and_o good_n during_o the_o marriage_n but_o if_o that_o interest_n be_v dissolve_v by_o his_o own_o or_o his_o wife_n death_n there_o will_v be_v no_o far_o process_n against_o he_o or_o his_o heir_n nic._n de_fw-fr reverentia_fw-la maritali_fw-la campbel_n contra_fw-la dumbar_n and_o though_o there_o be_v litis_fw-la contestation_n before_o the_o wife_n death_n the_o husband_n be_v find_v free_a 〈◊〉_d he_o be_v ordain_v by_o interloqutor_n to_o find_v caution_n to_o pay_v what_o shall_v be_v decern_v july_n 11._o 1664._o dumbar_n of_o hemprig_n contra_fw-la lord_n frazer_n so_o likeways_o a_o husband_n decern_v with_o his_o wife_n for_o his_o interest_n she_o die_v before_o execution_n he_o be_v free_a of_o the_o debt_n december_n 28._o 1665._o damn_v rachel_n burnet_n contra_fw-la leper_n the_o like_a where_o the_o husband_n be_v hold_v as_o confess_v upon_o refuse_v to_o give_v his_o oath_n of_o calumny_n february_n 26._o 1668._o george_n graham_n contra_fw-la grizel_n touris_fw-la and_o kelhead_n her_o husband_n so_o likewise_o a_o husband_n decern_v with_o his_o wife_n for_o his_o interest_n have_v die_v before_o execution_n his_o successor_n be_v find_v free_a of_o thedebt_a hope_n transfer_v francis_n kinloch_n contra_fw-la dumbar_n but_o the_o contrair_n be_v find_v where_o the_o husband_n be_v denunce_v upon_o the_o decreet_a and_o have_v sell_v his_o wife_n portion_n of_o land_n ibidem_fw-la earl_n of_o murray_n contra_fw-la lord_n st._n colmb_n the_o like_a where_o the_o decreet_a against_o the_o husband_n after_o his_o wife_n decease_n be_v only_o find_v effectual_a in_o so_o far_o as_o may_v extend_v to_o his_o wife_n three_o part_n of_o his_o movable_n february_n 7._o 1629._o brown_n contra_fw-la dalmahoy_n and_o a_o husband_n be_v find_v liable_a for_o his_o wife_n debt_n after_o her_o death_n in_o so_o far_o as_o may_v be_v extend_v to_o the_o benefit_n of_o her_o life-rent_a duty_n rest_v at_o her_o death_n february_n 1._o 1662._o sir_n james_n cuninghame_n against_o thomas_n dalmahoy_n and_o the_o husband_n be_v always_o liable_a for_o his_o wife_n debt_n even_o after_o her_o death_n in_o quantum_fw-la est_fw-la lucratus_fw-la which_o can_v be_v understand_v to_o be_v by_o every_o benefit_n or_o tocher_n marriage_n be_v a_o onerous_a contract_n where_o a_o tocher_n be_v give_v ad_fw-la sustinenda_fw-la onera_fw-la matrimonii_fw-la and_o for_o the_o wife_n provision_n by_o law_n or_o paction_n after_o the_o man_n death_n and_o therefore_o he_o can_v only_o be_v account_v lucratus_fw-la when_o the_o benefit_n he_o have_v by_o his_o wife_n do_v far_o exceed_v these_o onera_fw-la december_n 23._o 1665._o damn_v rachel_n burnet_n against_o leper_n and_o even_o in_o case_n he_o be_v lucratus_fw-la the_o wife_n heretage_n must_v be_v first_o discuss_v january_n 23._o 1678._o agnes_n wilkie_n contra_fw-la stuart_n and_o morison_n a_o husband_n be_v charge_v summary_o for_o his_o interest_n upon_o a_o decreet_a obtain_v against_o his_o wife_n before_o the_o marriage_n and_o denunce_v thereupon_o yet_o not_o be_v undertake_v by_o he_o or_o affect_v his_o good_n before_o his_o death_n he_o be_v liberat_fw-la march_v 20._o 1627._o know_v contra_fw-la kneiland_n the_o like_a though_o not_o only_a horning_n be_v use_v against_o the_o husband_n but_o arrestment_n thereupon_o january_n 23._o 1678._o agnes_n wilkie_n contra_fw-la stuart_n and_o morison_n but_o a_o husband_n have_v give_v bond_n of_o borrow_a money_n for_o his_o wife_n furniture_n be_v find_v liable_a therefore_o after_o her_o death_n july_n 7._o 1680._o slowan_n contra_fw-la lord_n bargainie_n but_o that_o the_o husband_n land_n or_o here_o table_n right_n will_v be_v liable_a for_o his_o wife_n debt_n there_o be_v neither_o decision_n nor_o ground_n for_o it_o these_o not_o be_v in_o communione_n bonorum_fw-la it_o be_v more_o dubious_a and_o for_o any_o thing_n i_o know_v undecided_a whether_o the_o heritable_a debt_n of_o the_o wife_n will_v affect_v the_o husband_n quoad_fw-la mobilia_fw-la but_o see_v it_o be_v a_o communion_n of_o good_n only_o movable_n it_o shall_v be_v also_o of_o debt_n movable_a though_o in_o communi_fw-la forma_fw-la as_o tutor_n or_o curator_n so_o husband_n will_v be_v decern_v general_o for_o their_o interest_n yet_o with_o this_o difference_n that_o tutor_n and_o curator_n will_v be_v liable_a in_o so_o far_o as_o they_o have_v the_o pupil_n mean_n but_o i_o never_o hear_v that_o there_o be_v distinction_n whether_o the_o wife_n debt_n do_v exceed_v the_o three_o part_n of_o the_o man_n movable_n which_o be_v her_o proportion_n of_o the_o same_o but_o indefinite_o it_o hatheffect_n against_o the_o husband_n person_n by_o caption_n or_o his_o 〈◊〉_d by_o poind_v but_o a_o wife_n heritable_a bond_n become_v not_o her_o husband_n though_o uplift_v by_o she_o or_o make_v movable_a by_o a_o charge_n during_o the_o marriage_n see_v she_o then_o re-imployed_n the_o money_n for_o annualrent_n february_n 〈◊〉_d 1679._o alexander_n cockburn_n contra_fw-la george_n burn._n 14._o these_o be_v the_o interest_n of_o the_o man_n and_o wife_n during_o the_o marriage_n but_o before_o we_o come_v to_o their_o interest_n after_o the_o dissolution_n thereof_o it_o be_v to_o be_v consider_v that_o by_o our_o custom_n donation_n between_o man_n and_o wife_n stante_fw-la matrimonio_fw-la be_v revocable_a by_o the_o giver_n during_o life_n which_o our_o custom_n have_v take_v from_o the_o civil_a law_n where_o this_o reason_n be_v render_v ne_o unituo_fw-la amore_fw-la se_fw-la spolient_fw-la thus_o a_o donation_n betwixt_o a_o man_n and_o his_o wife_n be_v find_v annul_v by_o the_o
28._o 1632._o laird_n of_o ludquharn_n contra_fw-la laird_n of_o haddo_n this_o be_v presume_v prasumptione_fw-la juris_fw-la so_o that_o the_o narrative_a bear_v another_o clause_n be_v not_o respect_v and_o therefore_o a_o tutor_n acquire_v a_o discharge_n or_o assignation_n of_o a_o annualrent_a due_a by_o the_o pupil_n to_o his_o mother_n the_o same_o be_v find_v to_o accress_v to_o the_o pupil_n though_o it_o bear_v love_n and_o favour_n and_o for_o the_o tutor_n pain_n and_o discharge_v the_o office_n march_v 15._o 1629._o white_a contra_fw-la dowglas_n hope_v tutor_n duer_n contra_fw-la duer_n neither_o have_v the_o tutor_n ordinary_o action_n against_o the_o pupil_n till_o his_o office_n end_n and_o then_o he_o may_v pursue_v as_o a_o stranger_n hope_n de_fw-fr minoribus_fw-la nasmith_n contra_fw-la nasmith_n likewise_o he_o may_v apprise_v the_o pupil_n land_n for_o his_o own_o debt_n the_o pupil_n have_v other_o tutor_n hope_v de_fw-fr haeredibus_fw-la white_a contra_fw-la calderwood_n so_o a_o tutrix_fw-la nominat_fw-la sine_fw-la qua_fw-la non_fw-la be_v admit_v to_o pursue_v a_o registration_n of_o her_o contract_n of_o marriage_n against_o her_o pupil_n there_o be_v more_o tutor_n nominat_fw-la and_o she_o have_v renounce_v her_o office_n though_o she_o have_v act_v by_o subscribe_v deed_n not_o hurtful_a to_o the_o pupil_n july_n 30._o 1625._o lady_n stanyhill_n contra_fw-la she_o son_n 18._o tutor_n may_v only_o do_v necessary_a deed_n for_o their_o pupil_n either_o such_o as_o the_o pupil_n be_v oblige_v to_o do_v as_o payment_n of_o his_o debt_n which_o the_o tutor_n may_v do_v willing_o without_o compulsion_n of_o law_n or_o otherwise_o deed_n necessary_a for_o manage_v of_o his_o estate_n and_o set_v of_o his_o land_n or_o labour_v the_o same_o uplift_v his_o rent_n and_o annualrent_n uplift_v the_o sum_n that_o be_v not_o secure_v carry_v on_o any_o work_n which_o be_v leave_v to_o the_o pupil_n which_o can_v otherwise_o be_v dispose_v of_o but_o tutor_n can_v sell_v the_o land_n or_o heritable_a right_n of_o their_o minor_n without_o a_o interveen_a decreet_a of_o a_o judge_n tit._n ff_n de_fw-fr rebus_fw-la eorum_fw-la qui_fw-la sub_fw-la tutela_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o any_o such_o alienation_n be_v null_a without_o the_o cognition_n aforesaid_a which_o must_v be_v by_o call_v the_o creditor_n of_o the_o pupil_n and_o his_o near_a friend_n to_o hear_v and_o see_v it_o find_v that_o there_o be_v a_o necessity_n to_o sell_v the_o whole_a or_o a_o part_n of_o his_o heritable_a right_n and_o that_o the_o rate_n thereof_o may_v be_v determine_v in_o which_o it_o must_v appear_v that_o the_o pupil_n debt_n can_v otherways_o be_v satisfy_v the_o law_n allow_v the_o like_a in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o pupil_n aliment_n which_o can_v be_v afford_v otherways_o alienation_n so_o make_v be_v not_o easy_o reduceable_a or_o the_o pupil_n or_o minor_n restore_v against_o the_o same_o if_o the_o true_a cause_n have_v be_v know_v to_o the_o judge_n but_o not_o so_o if_o that_o have_v be_v latent_fw-la either_o dolo_fw-la or_o lata_fw-la culpa_fw-la l._n 11._o cod._n de_fw-fr praed_fw-we minor_fw-la non_fw-la alien_a and_o therefore_o a_o tutor_n assignation_n of_o his_o son_n and_o pupil_n mail_n and_o duty_n for_o the_o tutor_n own_o debt_n be_v find_v null_a by_o exception_n even_o at_o the_o pupil_n tenant_n instance_n spot_n assignation_n land_n contra_fw-la land_n yet_o a_o tutor_n ratification_n of_o a_o reduceable_a decreet_a give_v against_o his_o minor_a be_v find_v valide_fw-la though_o voluntar_n be_v in_o re_fw-mi antiqua_fw-la spot_n tutor_n earl_n of_o kinghorn_n contra_fw-la george_n strang._n 19_o tutor_n and_o pro-tutor_n be_v liable_a for_o annualrent_n of_o their_o pupil_n money_n which_o they_o be_v oblige_v to_o make_v profitable_a in_o so_o far_o as_o they_o be_v either_o liquid_a sum_n that_o they_o have_v in_o specie_fw-la or_o which_o the_o tutor_n take_v up_o which_o be_v make_v up_o of_o their_o pupil_n movable_n or_o rent_n of_o land_n after_o a_o term_n in_o money_n rend_v and_o a_o year_n in_o victual_n from_o the_o term_n of_o payment_n in_o so_o far_o as_o it_o be_v not_o employ_v for_o their_o own_o use_n or_o profitable_o for_o pay_v of_o their_o debt_n or_o annualrent_n aliment_v they_o or_o other_o use_v necessary_a according_a to_o the_o ancient_a law_n of_o the_o roman_n which_o oblige_v the_o tutor_n after_o he_o have_v the_o money_n two_o month_n in_o his_o hand_n but_o the_o novel_a constitution_n novel_a 72._o cap._n 6._o de_fw-la administrat_fw-la pecun_fw-fr pupilli_fw-la etc._n etc._n it_o be_v leave_v to_o the_o arbitrament_n of_o the_o tutor_n either_o to_o keep_v the_o pupil_n money_n by_o he_o or_o to_o employ_v it_o for_o profit_n but_o it_o be_v not_o so_o by_o our_o custom_n annualrent_n be_v due_a even_o after_o the_o office_n be_v extinct_a by_o marriage_n the_o tutrix_fw-la have_v continue_v her_o intromission_n though_o there_o be_v other_o tutor_n july_n 17._o 1630._o vallange_n contra_fw-la kincaid_n but_o not_o for_o annual_a of_o the_o pupil_n annualrent_a though_o the_o tutor_n receive_v the_o same_o and_o they_o be_v great_a july_n 18._o 1629._o nasmith_n contra_fw-la nasmith_n but_o it_o be_v late_o find_v that_o a_o tutor_n by_o his_o office_n and_o diligence_n be_v oblige_v to_o lift_v and_o employ_v the_o pupil_n annualrent_n of_o sum_n in_o secure_a hand_n once_o in_o his_o tutory_a and_o so_o pay_v annual_a for_o the_o annualrent_n of_o his_o pupil_n sum_n omit_v to_o be_v uplift_v by_o he_o but_o only_o from_o the_o expire_n of_o the_o tutory_a january_n 27._o 1665._o mr._n william_n kintor_n advocate_n contra_fw-la john_n boid_n so_o a_o tutor_n be_v find_v liable_a for_o the_o annualrent_a of_o his_o pupil_n annualrent_a within_o a_o year_n after_o his_o acceptance_n but_o not_o for_o the_o current_a annualrent_n during_o the_o tutory_a he_o leave_v the_o same_o employ_v for_o annualrent_a at_o the_o ishe_a thereof_o february_n 27._o 1673._o isobel_n dowglas_n contra_fw-la john_n grace_n a_o tutor_n heir_n be_v minor_a find_v not_o liable_a but_o only_o for_o annual_a after_o the_o intent_v of_o the_o cause_n the_o pursuer_fw-mi being_n silent_a twenty_o five_o year_n february_n 22._o 1634._o davidson_n contra_fw-la jack_n neither_o be_v the_o heir_n find_v liable_a for_o annualrent_n where_o the_o father_n die_v during_o his_o tutory_a hope_n the_o haered_a graham_n contra_fw-la crichtoun_n january_n 21._o 1665._o kintor_n contra_fw-la boyd_n 20._o tutor_n be_v liable_a for_o their_o minor_n and_o must_v be_v convene_v with_o they_o by_o their_o creditor_n for_o their_o interest_n and_o be_v also_o decern_v with_o they_o for_o their_o interest_n upon_o which_o decreet_n personal_a execution_n be_v competent_a against_o tutor_n for_o any_o deed_n prestable_a by_o they_o by_o their_o office_n for_o example_n he_o may_v be_v compel_v to_o receive_v a_o vassal_n who_o the_o pupil_n predecessor_n be_v oblige_v to_o receive_v or_o grant_v a_o tack_v of_o land_n or_o a_o charter_n or_o seize_v where_o there_o have_v be_v a_o disposition_n before_o but_o in_o decreet_n for_o payment_n of_o liquid_a sum_n execution_n can_v be_v make_v against_o the_o mean_n of_o tutor_n unless_o they_o be_v special_o decern_v to_o make_v forthcoming_a so_o much_o of_o the_o pupil_n mean_n as_o they_o have_v in_o their_o hand_n for_o satisfy_v of_o the_o debt_n in_o whole_a or_o in_o part_n which_o though_o it_o be_v oft_o do_v by_o a_o second_o process_n yet_o may_v be_v a_o distinct_a member_n of_o the_o first_o or_o by_o way_n of_o special_a charge_n in_o the_o discuss_n of_o a_o suspension_n raise_v by_o the_o tutor_n against_o creditor_n on_o that_o or_o other_o ground_n but_o the_o tutor_n oath_n be_v not_o sustain_v to_o prove_v against_o the_o pupil_n a_o agreement_n make_v by_o the_o defunct_a though_o there_o be_v concurrent_a probability_n and_o testificate_n december_n 11._o 1664._o eleis_fw-la contra_fw-la eleis_fw-la yet_o the_o tutor_n oath_n be_v sustain_v against_o the_o pupil_n as_o to_o the_o tutor_n intromission_n in_o name_n of_o the_o pupil_n that_o be_v factum_fw-la proprium_fw-la obliege_v also_o himself_o and_o yet_o he_o be_v not_o hold_v as_o confess_v as_o be_v a_o party_n but_o be_v compel_v to_o depone_n by_o caption_n june_n 27._o 1665._o mr._n walter_n cant_n contra_fw-la james_n loch_n 21._o the_o last_o duty_n of_o tutor_n be_v to_o make_v a_o account_n and_o to_o restore_v and_o refound_v wherein_o they_o will_v be_v liable_a to_o account_v and_o satisfy_v for_o the_o pupil_n whole_a mean_n and_o estate_n not_o only_o for_o their_o intromission_n but_o for_o their_o omission_n and_o for_o such_o diligence_n as_o they_o use_v in_o their_o own_o affair_n which_o seem_v sufficient_a in_o tutor_n testamentar_n see_v the_o office_n be_v gratuitous_a and_o free_a and_o not_o seek_v by_o they_o but_o in_o tutor_n of_o law_n and_o
debtor_n who_o the_o creditor_n bring_v home_o from_o abroad_o that_o he_o may_v prevent_v the_o diligence_n of_o a_o other_o creditor_n who_o have_v denunce_v that_o debtor_n land_n to_o be_v apprize_v upon_o sixty_o day_n but_o upon_o return_n of_o the_o debtor_n this_o creditor_n denunce_v upon_o fifteen_o day_n and_o so_o do_v first_o apprise_n yet_o the_o first_o denunciation_n and_o last_o appryse_v be_v prefer_v hope_n de_fw-fr dolo_fw-la sir_n hendry_n wardlaw_n contra_fw-la thomas_n dalyel_n and_o the_o liferent_a escheat_n of_o a_o vassal_n be_v exclude_v because_o the_o superior_a upon_o who_o horning_n it_o fall_v have_v take_v payment_n of_o the_o debt_n and_o have_v not_o acquaint_v the_o vassal_n that_o he_o be_v denunce_v that_o he_o may_v have_v relax_v within_o the_o year_n as_o be_v find_v in_o the_o same_o case_n ibidem_fw-la though_o this_o case_n and_o that_o of_o latent_fw-la insufficiency_n be_v rather_o lata_fw-la culpa_fw-la quae_fw-la dolo_fw-la equiparatur_fw-la for_o the_o difference_n betwixt_o dolus_fw-la &_o lata_fw-la culpa_fw-la be_v that_o dole_n est_fw-la magis_fw-la animi_fw-la and_o oftentimes_o by_o positive_a act_n and_o lata_fw-la culpa_fw-la be_v rather_o facti_fw-la and_o oftentimes_o by_o omission_n of_o that_o which_o the_o party_n be_v oblige_v to_o show_v a_o discharge_n be_v find_v null_n as_o to_o a_o assignee_n to_o a_o bond_n grant_v by_o one_o brother_n to_o another_o the_o discharge_v be_v of_o the_o same_o date_n with_o the_o bond_n which_o can_v have_v no_o construction_n but_o that_o the_o brother_n by_o assign_v the_o bond_n may_v deceive_v december_n 4._o 1665._o thomson_n contra_fw-la henderson_n and_o a_o discharge_v by_o a_o son_n to_o his_o father_n of_o a_o sum_n provide_v to_o he_o by_o his_o contract_n of_o marriage_n without_o satisfaction_n but_o upon_o agreement_n betwixt_o the_o father_n and_o the_o son_n the_o time_n of_o the_o contract_n that_o the_o sum_n in_o the_o contract_n shall_v be_v discharge_v gratis_o be_v find_v fraudulent_a and_o null_a as_o to_o the_o son_n creditor_n who_o trade_v with_o he_o even_o after_o the_o discharge_v january_n 21._o 1680._o isobel_n caddel_n contra_fw-la john_n raith_n and_o a_o liferent_a by_o a_o husband_n to_o his_o wife_n of_o his_o whole_a estate_n provide_v she_o dispone_v the_o half_a to_o the_o child_n of_o the_o marriage_n be_v find_v fraudulent_a as_o to_o that_o half_a and_o the_o creditor_n of_o the_o husband_n prefer_v to_o the_o child_n therein_o december_n 23._o 1679._o john_n erskin_n contra_fw-la carnagy_n and_o smith_n but_o where_o the_o liferent_a be_v but_o suitable_a to_o the_o party_n a_o clause_n therein_o that_o so_o much_o of_o it_o shall_v be_v apply_v for_o the_o aliment_n of_o the_o child_n that_o clause_n be_v not_o find_v fraudulent_a in_o prejudice_n of_o the_o husband_n creditor_n but_o be_v sustain_v to_o the_o child_n it_o flow_v only_o from_o the_o mother_n november_n 16._o 1668._o wat_fw-mi contra_fw-la russel_n 12._o under_o fraud_n simulation_n and_o collusion_n be_v comprehend_v simulation_n occur_v main_o in_o two_o case_n in_o disposition_n retenta_fw-la possessione_n for_o although_o the_o disposition_n be_v deliver_v and_o that_o there_o be_v instrument_n of_o delivery_n of_o the_o good_n dispone_v yet_o if_o the_o natural_a possession_n be_v retain_v the_o disposition_n be_v presume_v simulat_fw-la and_o other_o affect_v the_o thing_n dispone_v by_o legal_a diligence_n or_o by_o natural_a possession_n be_v prefer_v simulation_n in_o gift_n of_o escheat_n and_o liferent_a be_v very_o frequent_a and_o easy_o presume_v retenta_fw-la possessione_n vide_fw-la tit._n 25._o §_o 12._o 13._o collusion_n occur_v chief_o when_o the_o debtor_n or_o common_a author_n oppose_v some_o creditor_n and_o concur_v with_o other_o that_o these_o may_v attain_v the_o first_o complete_a diligence_n which_o import_v direct_a fraud_n or_o if_o he_o oppose_v one_o though_o he_o do_v not_o concur_v with_o a_o other_o but_o only_o not_o oppose_v that_o other_o his_o opposition_n be_v hold_v as_o fraudulent_a 14._o fraud_n give_v remeid_v by_o reparation_n to_o all_o that_o be_v damnify_v thereby_o against_o the_o actor_n of_o the_o fraud_n either_o by_o anull_v of_o the_o contract_n or_o other_o deed_n elicit_v or_o induce_v by_o fraud_n or_o by_o make_v up_o the_o damnage_n sustain_v by_o the_o fraud_n at_o the_o option_n of_o the_o injure_a and_o so_o fraud_n be_v sustain_v at_o the_o instance_n of_o a_o seller_n to_o annul_v a_o bargain_n of_o sale_n of_o wine_n deliver_v to_o a_o skipper_n upon_o the_o buyer_n order_n because_o the_o time_n of_o that_o order_n the_o buyer_n know_v himself_o to_o be_v insolvent_a which_o may_v appear_v by_o his_o book_n and_o though_o the_o wine_n be_v arrest_v by_o a_o creditor_n of_o the_o buyer_n in_o the_o ship_n and_o a_o decreet_a for_o make_v forthcoming_a recover_v yet_o the_o wine_n be_v ordain_v to_o be_v restore_v to_o the_o seller_n december_n 22._o 1680._o magnus_n prince_n contra_fw-la peter_n pallet_n 15._o reparation_n of_o fraud_n be_v not_o only_o competent_a to_o the_o party_n defraud_v but_o also_o to_o his_o creditor_n or_o assignays_n for_o which_o the_o roman_n have_v a_o peculiar_a remeid_v per_fw-la actionem_fw-la paulianam_fw-la for_o anull_v all_o deed_n in_o fraudem_fw-la creditorum_fw-la in_o imitation_n whereof_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n make_v a_o act_n of_o sederunt_fw-la in_o july_n 1620._o against_o unlawful_a disposition_n and_o alienation_n make_v by_o dyver_n and_o bankrupt_n which_o be_v ratify_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n 1621._o cap._n 18._o by_o this_o act_n of_o sederunt_fw-la the_o lord_n declare_v that_o according_a to_o the_o power_n give_v to_o they_o to_o set_v down_o order_n for_o administration_n of_o justice_n mean_v to_o follow_v and_o practice_v the_o good_a and_o commendable_a law_n civil_a and_o canon_n make_v against_o fraudful_a alienation_n in_o prejudice_n of_o creditor_n against_o the_o author_n and_o partaker_n of_o such_o fraud_n that_o they_o will_v decern_v all_o alienation_n disposition_n assignation_n and_o translation_n make_v by_o the_o debtor_n of_o any_o of_o his_o land_n teind_n reversion_n action_n debt_n or_o good_n whatsoever_o to_o any_o conjunct_a and_o confident_a person_n without_o true_a just_a and_o necessary_a cause_n and_o without_o a_o just_a price_n real_o pay_v the_o same_o be_v do_v after_o contract_v of_o lawful_a debt_n to_o have_v be_v from_o the_o begin_n null_n by_o way_n of_o action_n or_o exception_n without_o further_a declarator_n but_o prejudice_n to_o purchaser_n of_o the_o bankrupt_n land_n and_o good_n for_o just_a and_o competent_a price_n or_o in_o satisfaction_n of_o their_o lawful_a debt_n from_o the_o interpose_a person_n but_o the_o receiver_n of_o the_o price_n from_o the_o buyer_n shall_v be_v hold_v to_o make_v it_o forthcoming_a to_o the_o creditor_n and_o it_o shall_v be_v sufficient_a to_o prove_v by_o write_v or_o oath_n of_o the_o receiver_n of_o the_o disposition_n from_o the_o bankrupt_a that_o the_o same_o be_v make_v without_o a_o true_a and_o just_a cause_n or_o that_o the_o land_n and_o good_n be_v sell_v by_o he_o that_o buy_v they_o from_o the_o dyver_n that_o the_o most_o part_n of_o the_o price_n be_v convert_v or_o to_o be_v convert_v to_o the_o bankrupt_n profit_n and_o use_v and_o in_o case_n the_o bankrupt_a or_o interpose_a person_n shall_v make_v any_o voluntar_n payment_n or_o right_o to_o any_o person_n he_o shall_v be_v hold_v to_o make_v the_o same_o forthcoming_a to_o the_o creditor_n have_v use_v the_o first_o lawful_a diligence_n and_o he_o shall_v be_v prefer_v to_o the_o con-creditor_n who_o be_v posterior_n to_o he_o in_o diligence_n have_v obtain_v payment_n by_o the_o partial_a favour_n of_o the_o debtor_n or_o his_o interpose_a confident_a and_o shall_v recover_v from_o the_o say_a creditor_n what_o he_o have_v so_o obtain_v but_o what_o the_o interpose_a person_n have_v pay_v or_o assign_v to_o the_o bankrupt_n lawful_a creditor_n before_o preferable_a diligence_n do_v by_o other_o shall_v be_v allow_v to_o he_o and_o he_o shall_v be_v liable_a to_o make_v forthcoming_a the_o rest_n of_o the_o price_n yea_o the_o said_n bankrupt_n and_o interpose_v person_n and_o all_o other_o who_o shall_v give_v counsel_n and_o assistance_n in_o devise_v and_o practise_v the_o fraud_n shall_v be_v hold_v infamous_a incapable_a of_o honour_n dignity_n or_o office_n or_o to_o be_v witness_n or_o assyzer_n this_o excellent_a statute_n have_v be_v clear_v by_o limitation_n and_o extention_n in_o multitude_n of_o decision_n occur_v since_o relate_v to_o defraud_v of_o creditor_n which_o be_v of_o the_o great_a importance_n for_o public_a good_a and_o security_n we_o shall_v distinct_o and_o in_o order_n hold_v forth_o the_o several_a case_n that_o have_v be_v decide_v in_o this_o matter_n first_o then_o though_o the_o statute_n be_v only_o in_o favour_n of_o anterior_a
the_o same_o rate_n and_o then_o put_v his_o couzin-german_a to_o acquire_v it_o february_n 2._o 1681._o master_n of_o balmerino_n contra_fw-la laird_n of_o pourie_n upon_o the_o same_o ground_n a_o donatar_n of_o a_o liferent_a escheat_n be_v examine_v whether_o it_o be_v to_o the_o behoof_n of_o his_o good-brother_n have_v depone_v that_o it_o be_v to_o his_o own_o behoof_n he_o die_v before_o he_o be_v re-examined_a his_o oath_n be_v interpret_v only_o that_o he_o have_v give_v no_o back-bond_n or_o promise_n in_o favour_n of_o his_o good-brother_n and_o therefore_o pregnant_a presumption_n of_o the_o trust_n be_v infer_v in_o that_o the_o brother_n only_o be_v concern_v in_o that_o liferent_a that_o he_o manage_v and_o be_v at_o all_o the_o expense_n of_o the_o process_n that_o the_o donatar_n successor_n never_o own_v nor_o confirm_v the_o benefit_n of_o the_o gift_n february_n 11._o 1679._o forbes_n of_o balvenie_n contra_fw-la laird_n of_o boyn_n 46._o the_o law_n for_o utility_n of_o commerce_n do_v against_o the_o common_a rule_n foresay_v constitute_v a_o obligation_n upon_o exercitor_n by_o the_o deed_n or_o contract_n of_o the_o master_n of_o the_o ship_n a_o exercitor_n be_v he_o to_o who_o the_o profit_n of_o vessel_n or_o ship_n whether_o upon_o the_o sea_n rivers_n or_o lake_n belong_v whether_o he_o be_v owner_n of_o the_o ship_n or_o have_v only_o hire_v the_o same_o the_o master_n of_o the_o ship_n be_v he_o that_o have_v the_o command_n thereof_o who_o therefore_o may_v contract_v and_o borrow_v money_n for_o reparation_n of_o the_o ship_n or_o out-rigging_a thereof_o or_o for_o the_o entertainment_n of_o the_o mariner_n or_o any_o other_o thing_n for_o the_o use_n of_o the_o voyage_n and_o thereby_o not_o only_o the_o master_n contracter_n but_o the_o exercitor_n who_o constitute_v he_o be_v liable_a yea_o if_o the_o master_n substitute_v another_o master_n his_o engagement_n also_o obliege_v the_o exercitor_n so_o that_o whosoever_o he_o be_v that_o contract_v with_o he_o who_o for_o the_o time_n officiat_n as_o master_n obliege_v the_o exercitor_n in_o what_o be_v borrow_v for_o the_o use_n of_o the_o ship_n company_n or_o voyage_n and_o there_o seem_v no_o necessity_n of_o show_v a_o commission_n but_o the_o exerce_a of_o the_o office_n be_v sufficient_a and_o thereby_o the_o ship_n and_o out-rigging_a may_v be_v hypothecat_n and_o affect_v yea_o if_o there_o be_v many_o exercitor_n they_o be_v all_o liable_a in_o solidum_fw-la and_o if_o there_o be_v many_o master_n the_o contract_n of_o one_o of_o they_o obliege_v the_o exercitor_n unless_o it_o be_v express_o provide_v they_o can_v contract_v but_o joint_o which_o must_v appear_v by_o their_o commission_n neither_o need_v he_o who_o contract_v with_o the_o master_n instruct_v that_o the_o money_n borrow_v be_v actual_o employ_v for_o the_o use_n of_o the_o ship_n company_n or_o voyage_n but_o this_o much_o he_o must_v make_v appear_v that_o when_o he_o lend_v the_o money_n there_o be_v such_o need_n of_o it_o albeit_o he_o be_v not_o oblige_v to_o take_v notice_n whether_o the_o master_n misemploy_v it_o or_o not_o because_o the_o exercitor_n shall_v have_v look_v who_o he_o trust_v if_o the_o master_n be_v constitute_v with_o power_n to_o buy_v ware_n and_o load_v the_o ship_n the_o prepositor_n be_v liable_a to_o these_o who_o contract_n with_o he_o upon_o that_o account_n but_o this_o be_v not_o presume_v upon_o act_v as_o master_n unless_o his_o commission_n appear_v and_o the_o master_n other_o contract_n oblige_v not_o the_o exercitor_n albeit_o their_o fault_n do_v by_o the_o edict_n nautae_fw-la caupones_fw-la stabularij_fw-la all_o which_o be_v clear_a from_o the_o title_n ff_fw-mi de_fw-fr exercitoria_fw-la actione_n per_fw-la totum_fw-la and_o be_v general_o in_o vigour_n 47._o after_o the_o similitude_n of_o the_o exercitory_a action_n the_o praetor_n by_o the_o perpetual_a edict_n do_v introduce_v the_o institory_a action_n where_o by_o the_o contract_n of_o institor_n in_o relation_n to_o that_o wherein_o they_o be_v entrust_v their_o prepositor_n be_v oblige_v as_o exercitor_n be_v as_o to_o maritime_a matter_n so_o prepositor_n be_v correspondent_a in_o traffic_n at_o land_n and_o institor_n be_v these_o who_o be_v entrust_v in_o such_o affair_n correspond_v to_o the_o master_n of_o ship_n such_o institorsare_n these_o who_o be_v entrust_v with_o keep_v of_o shop_n buy_v or_o sell_v of_o ware_n keep_v of_o cash_n for_o exchange_n such_o as_o be_v send_v abroad_o to_o buy_v ware_n and_o these_o who_o be_v entrust_v with_o the_o labourage_n of_o any_o field_n or_o any_o other_o like_o business_n and_o it_o be_v alike_o of_o whatsoever_o sex_n or_o age_n they_o be_v though_o even_o they_o be_v pupil_n who_o can_v oblige_v themselves_o or_o minor_n who_o have_v the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d yet_o both_o do_v effectual_o oblige_v their_o prepositor_n and_o it_o there_o 〈◊〉_d more_o prepositor_n they_o be_v liable_a in_o solidum_fw-la but_o such_o obligation_n reach_v no_o further_o then_o for_o what_o be_v contract_v for_o the_o use_n of_o the_o affair_n wherein_o they_o be_v entrust_v neither_o be_v the_o prepositor_n oblige_v if_o they_o have_v intimate_v to_o the_o party_n contracter_n not_o to_o contract_v with_o their_o institor_n but_o if_o they_o contract_v bona_fw-la fide_fw-la albeit_o the_o institor_n be_v limit_n and_o prohibit_v to_o contract_n in_o such_o case_n the_o creditor_n contract_n bona_fw-la fide_fw-la with_o they_o be_v secure_a all_o which_o appear_v title_n de_fw-fr instit_n actione_n ff_n per_fw-la totum_fw-la 48._o custody_n be_v call_v in_o the_o law_n depositum_fw-la or_o commendatum_fw-la to_o which_o we_o have_v no_o suitable_a term_n but_o this_o contract_n be_v most_o fit_o express_v by_o the_o duty_n and_o obligation_n thereof_o which_o be_v to_o keep_v or_o preserve_v that_o which_o be_v give_v in_o custody_n and_o it_o be_v here_o subjoin_v to_o mandat_fw-la because_o indeed_o it_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o it_o for_o the_o lawyer_n do_v not_o so_o much_o notice_n the_o accuracy_n of_o logical_a division_n whereby_o no_o member_n can_v comprehend_v another_o as_o the_o usual_a term_n know_v in_o law_n and_o therefore_o handle_v mandatum_fw-la depositum_fw-la &_o pignus_fw-la several_o though_o all_o of_o they_o be_v true_o mandate_n and_o therefore_o also_o depositum_fw-la may_v be_v fit_o define_v to_o be_v a_o mandate_n or_o commission_n give_v and_o undertake_v to_o keep_v and_o preserve_v something_o belong_v to_o the_o mandator_n or_o some_o three_o party_n and_o therefore_o whatsoever_o have_v be_v before_o say_v of_o mandate_n must_v be_v here_o understand_v of_o custody_n and_o need_v not_o be_v repeat_v except_o what_o be_v special_a in_o custody_n 49._o the_o civil_a law_n make_v a_o difference_n in_o the_o diligence_n of_o mandatar_n and_o depositar_n that_o these_o be_v liable_a only_o for_o fraud_n where_o of_o alone_a the_o praetor_n edict_n make_v mention_v l._n 1._o §_o 1._o ff_n depositi_fw-la l._n 23._o ff_v de_fw-fr regulis_fw-la juris_fw-la l._n 20._o ff_n depositi_fw-la where_o by_o the_o depositar_n though_o he_o loss_n the_o thing_n depositate_fw-la without_o fraud_n be_v free_a but_o it_o be_v extend_v to_o lata_fw-la culpa_fw-la the_o gross_a fault_n quae_fw-la dolo_fw-la aequiparatur_fw-la in_o jure_fw-la l._n quod_fw-la nerva_fw-la 32._o ff_n depositi_fw-la where_o the_o diligence_n opposite_a to_o gross_a fault_n be_v excellent_o describe_v by_o such_o diligence_n as_o man_n ordinary_o do_v or_o the_o depositar_n do_v in_o his_o own_o affair_n but_o mandatar_n be_v liable_a for_o the_o light_a fault_n yet_o as_o be_v show_v before_o that_o be_v by_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o not_o by_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o mandate_n for_o sure_o the_o reason_n and_o ground_n of_o the_o diligence_n of_o both_o be_v alike_o as_o be_v gratuitous_a and_o at_o the_o free_a choice_n of_o the_o constituent_a who_o therefore_o shall_v demand_v no_o more_o in_o either_o case_n but_o such_o diligence_n as_o the_o person_n entrust_v use_v or_o man_n ordinary_o do_v in_o their_o own_o affair_n unless_o it_o be_v otherways_o agree_v or_o that_o the_o depositar_n have_v procure_v the_o custody_n when_o other_o offer_v l._n 1._o §_o 35._o ff_n depositi_fw-la or_o that_o he_o have_v any_o honorary_a or_o salary_n therefore_o which_o may_v be_v consistent_a here_o or_o in_o other_o mandate_n when_o in_o the_o meaning_n of_o the_o party_n it_o be_v not_o a_o equivalent_a satisfaction_n to_o the_o benefit_n receive_v which_o ordinary_o be_v not_o esteemable_a as_o the_o salary_n of_o medicine_n for_o the_o preservation_n of_o health_n or_o life_n and_o cure_v any_o member_n or_o of_o judge_n or_o lawyer_n for_o the_o do_v or_o procure_v of_o justice_n and_o therefore_o be_v call_v a_o honorary_a and_o the_o contract_n be_v esteem_v notwithstanding_o free_a or_o in_o depositation_n make_v in_o case_n of_o
the_o question_n be_v also_o move_v here_o whether_o the_o thing_n depositat_fw-la may_v be_v detain_v for_o the_o necessary_a and_o profitable_a expense_n ware_v upon_o it_o though_o law_n and_o most_o interpreter_n fovour_v the_o negative_a upon_o the_o same_o ground_n that_o compensation_n be_v exclude_v but_o the_o affirmative_a be_v prefer_v because_o as_o the_o contrary_a action_n be_v competent_a for_o the_o melioration_n so_o much_o more_o the_o exception_n be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o same_o contract_n and_o therefore_o the_o lord_n balmerino_n have_v by_o his_o own_o missive_n and_o back_o bond_n acknowledge_v that_o the_o estate_n of_o jedburgh_n be_v dispone_v to_o he_o in_o trust_n to_o the_o behoof_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o somerseat_n all_o the_o expense_n on_o the_o land_n or_o for_o somerseat_n in_o contemplation_n of_o the_o trust_n be_v find_v competent_a against_o bedford_n who_o have_v adjudge_v somerseat'_v right_o and_o in_o all_o case_n in_o the_o law_n where_o action_n be_v competent_a exception_n be_v also_o competent_a and_o so_o with_o we_o if_o instant_o verify_v among_o the_o roman_n there_o be_v a_o edict_n of_o the_o praetor_n in_o deposito_fw-la to_o this_o effect_n that_o depositar_n shall_v be_v oblige_v to_o restore_v or_o make_v up_o the_o single_a value_n but_o in_o thing_n depositat_fw-la through_o the_o present_a occasion_n of_o tumult_n fire_n fall_v of_o house_n or_o shipwreck_n in_o the_o case_n of_o not_o due_a restitution_n for_o the_o double_a l._n 1._o ff_n depositi_fw-la wherein_o there_o be_v much_o utility_n to_o secure_a person_n depositate_v of_o necessity_n in_o these_o deplorable_a case_n but_o it_o have_v not_o be_v allow_v by_o our_o custom_n as_o yet_o 56._o it_o may_v be_v question_v if_o any_o thing_n be_v depositate_fw-la to_o more_o depositar_n whether_o they_o be_v liable_a in_o solidum_fw-la so_o that_o the_o deponent_a may_v crave_v restitution_n or_o reparation_n from_o every_o one_o for_o the_o whole_a value_n or_o for_o his_o share_n only_o the_o civil_a law_n be_v clear_a for_o the_o affirmative_a that_o all_o be_v liable_a in_o solidum_fw-la l._n 1._o §_o 43._o eodem_fw-la and_o upon_o good_a reason_n because_o it_o be_v fidelity_n in_o preserve_v one_o individual_a thing_n that_o be_v undertake_v which_o therefore_o de_fw-fr natura_fw-la rei_fw-la must_v oblige_v every_o person_n to_o the_o whole_a see_v he_o be_v not_o oblige_v to_o restore_v a_o part_n of_o the_o thing_n depositat_fw-la but_o the_o thing_n itself_o yet_o if_o the_o depositar_n be_v all_o solvendo_fw-la they_o be_v free_a pay_v their_o part_n the_o thing_n depositat_fw-la be_v money_n l._n 22._o si_fw-la duo_fw-la haeredes_fw-la ff_n depositi_fw-la but_o in_o this_o case_n there_o be_v not_o more_o depositar_n but_o more_o heir_n of_o a_o depositar_n and_o in_o this_o depositar_n and_o contutor_n differ_v that_o the_o diligence_n of_o these_o even_o as_o to_o their_o contutor_n be_v great_a than_o of_o the_o other_o this_o be_v consequent_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o depositation_n will_v no_o doubt_n be_v follow_v by_o we_o in_o deposito_fw-la in_o the_o law_n the_o deponent_a have_v beneficium_fw-la juramenti_fw-la in_o litem_fw-la or_o to_o prove_v the_o particular_n or_o quantity_n want_v and_o their_o value_n secundum_fw-la praetium_fw-la affectionis_fw-la because_o of_o the_o exuberance_n of_o trust_n in_o this_o contract_n l._n 1_o §_o 26._o ff_n depos_fw-la but_o not_o the_o depositar_n in_o the_o contrary_a action_n l._n 5._o eodem_fw-la where_o the_o reason_n be_v add_v because_o there_o be_v no_o breach_n of_o faith_n nor_o trust_n but_o damnage_n and_o reparation_n in_o question_n the_o depositar_n also_o detain_v be_v condemn_v become_v infamous_a l._n 1._o ff_n de_fw-mi his_o qui_fw-la infamia_fw-la notantur_fw-la hence_o it_o be_v from_o this_o trust_n that_o if_o a_o chest_n or_o other_o continent_n seal_v be_v depositat_fw-la action_n be_v competent_a for_o all_o that_o be_v therein_o show_v or_o not_o l._n 1._o §_o 41._o eodem_fw-la and_o therefore_o in_o such_o case_n the_o deponent_n oath_n in_o litem_fw-la must_v be_v take_v or_o else_o this_o interest_n perish_v which_o be_v suitable_a to_o our_o custom_n before_o menton_v in_o the_o case_n of_o innkeeper_n and_o there_o be_v good_a reason_n and_o equity_n pro_fw-la pretio_fw-la affectionis_fw-la but_o i_o have_v not_o observe_v it_o question_v or_o decide_v this_o be_v a_o contract_n of_o great_a trust_n restitution_n be_v to_o be_v make_v cum_fw-la omni_fw-la causa_fw-la as_o fruit_n and_o birth_n and_o annualrent_a post_fw-la moram_fw-la l._n 2._o c._n depositi_fw-la but_o annualrent_a with_o we_o be_v not_o due_a sine_fw-la pacto_fw-la but_o may_v be_v make_v good_a by_o modification_n of_o expense_n by_o the_o lord_n there_o be_v a_o frequent_a case_n of_o depositation_n of_o write_v before_o delivery_n thereof_o which_o therefore_o suspend_v their_o effect_n until_o the_o term_n of_o the_o depositation_n appear_v which_o be_v unquestionable_a by_o the_o oath_n of_o the_o party_n receiver_n of_o the_o write_v both_o that_o the_o write_v be_v not_o deliver_v but_o depositat_fw-la and_o also_o upon_o what_o term_n 57_o pledge_v either_o signify_v the_o thing_n impignorat_a or_o the_o contract_n of_o impignoration_n in_o the_o same_o way_n as_o pignus_fw-la in_o the_o law_n be_v take_v and_o it_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o mandate_n whereby_o the_o debtor_n for_o his_o creditor_n security_n give_v he_o the_o pawn_n or_o thing_n impignorat_a to_o detain_v or_o keep_v it_o for_o his_o own_o security_n or_o in_o case_n of_o not_o payment_n of_o the_o debt_n to_o sell_v the_o pledge_n and_o pay_v himself_o out_o of_o the_o price_n and_o restore_v the_o rest_n or_o the_o pledge_n itself_o upon_o payment_n of_o the_o debt_n all_o which_o be_v of_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o mandate_n and_o it_o have_v not_o only_a custody_n in_o it_o but_o the_o power_n to_o dispone_v in_o the_o case_n of_o not_o payment_n but_o if_o the_o profit_n of_o the_o pledge_n be_v allot_v for_o the_o profit_n of_o the_o debt_n which_o be_v call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d it_o be_v a_o mix_a contract_n have_v in_o it_o a_o mandate_n and_o the_o exchange_n of_o the_o usufruct_v or_o use_v of_o the_o pledge_n for_o the_o use_n of_o the_o debt_n 58._o this_o contract_n have_v this_o special_a in_o it_o that_o it_o be_v not_o mere_o to_o the_o behoof_n of_o the_o constituent_a as_o ordinary_o mandate_n be_v but_o it_o be_v to_o the_o behoof_n of_o the_o hypothecar_fw-mi for_o his_o security_n and_o so_o end_v not_o with_o the_o death_n of_o either_o party_n nor_o be_v revockable_a as_o other_o mandate_n but_o pass_v to_o heir_n and_o assignays_n and_o therefore_o require_v great_a diligence_n than_o mandate_n viz._n such_o diligence_n as_o prudent_a man_n use_v in_o their_o affair_n but_o obliege_v not_o for_o the_o light_a fault_n l._n 23._o ff_n de_fw-fr reg_fw-la juris_fw-la this_o be_v also_o singular_a in_o wodset_n or_o impignoration_n that_o thereby_o there_o be_v constitute_v a_o real_a right_n in_o the_o pledge_n which_o no_o deed_n nor_o alienation_n of_o the_o constituent_n can_v alter_v or_o infringe_v which_o be_v not_o so_o in_o mandate_n or_o thing_n depositat_fw-la neither_o in_o location_n whereby_o there_o be_v only_o a_o personal_a right_n and_o if_o the_o property_n of_o the_o thing_n be_v alienat_fw-la from_o the_o constituent_a the_o personal_a right_o have_v no_o effect_n as_o to_o the_o thing_n about_o which_o it_o be_v constitute_v but_o there_o be_v here_o a_o real_a right_n of_o which_o hereafter_o among_o other_o real_a right_n 59_o we_o shall_v not_o insist_v in_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o sale_n of_o pledge_n prescribe_v by_o the_o roman_a law_n and_o the_o intimation_n or_o denunciation_n requisite_a to_o be_v make_v to_o the_o debtor_n that_o be_v whole_o change_v by_o our_o custom_n for_o in_o wodset_n of_o land_n the_o wodsetter_n have_v a_o disposition_n of_o the_o property_n but_o with_o a_o reservation_n or_o paction_n to_o sell_v back_o again_o to_o the_o debtor_n upon_o payment_n of_o the_o debt_n and_o so_o the_o wodsetter_n can_v by_o virtue_n of_o the_o impignoration_n sell_v the_o land_n and_o pay_v himself_o but_o all_o he_o can_v do_v be_v to_o affect_v the_o wodset_a land_n by_o legal_a diligence_n as_o a_o other_o creditor_n and_o if_o any_o other_o prevent_v he_o in_o diligence_n they_o acquire_v the_o right_n of_o reversion_n and_o no_o posterior_n diligence_n of_o he_o can_v take_v it_o away_o or_o capacitate_v he_o to_o acquire_v the_o full_a property_n of_o the_o pledge_n or_o to_o alienate_v it_o simple_o to_o another_o the_o like_a be_v in_o the_o impignoration_n of_o movable_n which_o can_v be_v thereby_o sell_v but_o the_o creditor_n may_v affect_v they_o by_o his_o legal_a diligence_n by_o poind_v thereof_o 60._o in_o impignoration_n either_o of_o heritable_a or_o movable_a right_n the_o
may_v be_v conditional_o if_o the_o price_n be_v pay_v by_o such_o a_o day_n or_o if_o any_o other_o offer_v not_o a_o better_a price_n in_o such_o a_o time_n or_o with_o condition_n not_o to_o sell_v without_o consent_n of_o which_o in_o order_n 65._o as_o to_o the_o first_o though_o give_v of_o earnest_n be_v very_o ordinary_a in_o bargain_n of_o sale_n and_o other_o yet_o it_o be_v no_o less_o dubious_a what_o the_o nature_n and_o effect_v thereof_o be_v some_o hold_v it_o to_o be_v to_o the_o effect_n the_o bargain_n may_v be_v evident_a and_o certain_a for_o though_o sale_n be_v perfect_v by_o sole_a consent_n yet_o it_o be_v not_o always_o evident_a to_o the_o party_n and_o the_o witness_n whether_o it_o be_v a_o commune_n or_o a_o contract_n and_o therefore_o to_o make_v it_o sure_a to_o both_o merchant_n who_o may_v not_o hazard_v upon_o dubious_a interpretation_n do_v give_v earnest_a as_o a_o evidence_n of_o the_o bargain_n close_v and_o perfect_v but_o other_o think_v that_o the_o effect_n and_o intent_n of_o earnest_n be_v that_o the_o giver_n of_o the_o earnest_n may_v resile_v from_o the_o bargain_n if_o he_o please_v to_o lose_v his_o earnest_n and_o the_o taker_n may_v resile_n if_o he_o return_v the_o earnest_a with_o as_o much_o more_o the_o civil_a law_n l._n 17._o c._n the_o side_n instrumentorum_fw-la &_o instit_n de_fw-fr empt_v vend_fw-mi in_o principio_fw-la and_o many_o interpreter_n seem_v to_o favour_v this_o construction_n yet_o many_o text_n in_o law_n adduce_v by_o wezenbecius_fw-la faber_n and_o other_o be_v for_o the_o former_a opinion_n and_o they_o do_v interpret_v the_o contrary_a place_n not_o to_o be_v of_o sale_n perfect_v but_o of_o a_o antecedent_n promise_n or_o paction_n to_o buy_v or_o sell_v it_o have_v not_o oft_o occur_v so_o far_o as_o i_o have_v observe_v to_o be_v decide_v with_o we_o which_o of_o these_o opinion_n be_v to_o be_v follow_v with_o we_o but_o the_o former_a seem_v to_o be_v preferable_a because_o ordinary_o with_o we_o earnest_n be_v so_o inconsiderable_a that_o it_o can_v be_v think_v to_o be_v the_o meaning_n of_o the_o party_n to_o leave_v the_o bargain_n arbitrary_a upon_o the_o lose_n or_o double_v thereof_o so_o be_v it_o find_v february_n 24._o 1628._o contra_fw-la james_n riddel_n to_o this_o also_o suit_v the_o sense_n that_o earnest_n be_v take_v in_o the_o scripture_n for_o evidence_n and_o assurance_n make_v the_o matter_n fix_v and_o not_o arbitrary_a which_o at_o least_o evince_v that_o the_o word_n have_v be_v ancient_o take_v so_o whatever_o have_v be_v the_o custom_n and_o constitution_n of_o the_o roman_n 66._o reversion_n or_o the_o paction_n of_o redemption_n though_o ordinary_o it_o be_v use_v in_o wodset_n which_o albeit_o they_o be_v under_o the_o form_n of_o sale_n yet_o in_o reality_n they_o be_v not_o such_o there_o be_v no_o equivalent_a price_n yet_o may_v it_o be_v where_o there_o be_v a_o true_a sale_n and_o this_o paction_n be_v no_o real_a quality_n or_o condition_n of_o the_o sale_n however_o it_o be_v conceive_v but_o only_o a_o personal_a obligement_n on_o the_o buyer_n which_o therefore_o do_v not_o affect_v the_o thing_n buy_v nor_o a_o singular_a successor_n though_o reversion_n of_o land_n and_o heritable_a right_n be_v make_v as_o real_a and_o effectual_a against_o singular_a successor_n when_o it_o be_v ingrosle_v in_o the_o bargain_n or_o due_o registrate_n yet_o that_o be_v not_o by_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n but_o by_o the_o statute_n and_o take_v no_o place_n in_o other_o case_n as_o in_o reversion_n of_o movable_n which_o be_v sell_v under_o reversion_n but_o if_o impignorat_a the_o reversion_n be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o contract_n and_o be_v effectual_a against_o singular_a successor_n as_o to_o the_o other_o paction_n adject_v to_o sale_n sometime_o they_o be_v so_o conceive_v and_o mean_v that_o thereby_o the_o bargain_n be_v true_o conditional_a and_o pendent_a and_o so_o be_v not_o a_o perfect_a bargain_n till_o the_o condition_n be_v existent_a neither_o do_v the_o property_n of_o the_o thing_n sell_v pass_v thereby_o though_o possession_n follow_v till_o it_o be_v perform_v as_o if_o the_o bargain_n be_v conditional_a only_o upon_o payment_n of_o the_o price_n at_o such_o a_o time_n till_o payment_n the_o property_n pass_v not_o unto_o the_o buyer_n but_o there_o be_v many_o other_o adjection_n which_o be_v express_v under_o the_o name_n of_o condition_n and_o provision_n which_o be_v not_o inherent_a as_o essential_a in_o the_o bargain_n but_o extrinsic_a personal_a obliegement_n the_o existence_n where_o of_o do_v not_o annual_a the_o sale_n or_o suspend_v or_o annual_a the_o property_n in_o the_o buyer_n at_o least_o in_o his_o singular_a successor_n as_o have_v now_o be_v say_v in_o reversion_n and_o be_v frequent_a in_o many_o other_o case_n 67._o in_o sale_n there_o use_v to_o be_v adhibit_v a_o clause_n irritant_fw-la or_o resolutive_a clause_n that_o if_o such_o a_o thing_n or_o condition_n be_v or_o be_v not_o in_o that_o case_n the_o bargain_n shall_v be_v null_a and_o void_a as_o if_o it_o have_v never_o be_v make_v and_o grant_v whence_o arise_v a_o very_a subtle_a debate_n whether_o such_o clause_n whatsoever_o their_o tenor_n be_v be_v effectual_a and_o follow_v the_o thing_n to_o singular_a successor_n and_o do_v render_v the_o bargain_n and_o property_n acquire_v null_a in_o itself_o or_o whether_o such_o be_v but_o personal_a obligation_n only_o which_o though_o they_o may_v annul_v the_o property_n or_o bargain_n if_o it_o remain_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o contracter_n can_v reach_v it_o if_o it_o be_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o a_o three_o party_n be_v the_o question_n for_o clear_v whereof_o it_o appear_v first_o that_o if_o such_o condition_n or_o resolutive_a clause_n do_v stop_v the_o transmission_n of_o property_n and_o be_v so_o mean_v and_o express_v then_o as_o be_v say_v before_o the_o bargain_n be_v pendent_a and_o the_o property_n not_o transmit_v even_o as_o to_o singular_a successor_n and_o the_o seller_n remain_v the_o proprietar_n but_o if_o by_o the_o contract_n and_o clause_n the_o buyer_n become_v once_o the_o proprietar_n and_o the_o condition_n be_v adject_v that_o he_o shall_v cease_v to_o be_v proprietar_n in_o such_o a_o case_n this_o be_v but_o personal_a for_o property_n or_o dominion_n pass_v not_o by_o condition_n or_o provision_n but_o by_o tradition_n and_o otherways_o prescribe_v in_o law_n so_o that_o these_o condition_n however_o express_v be_v only_o the_o foundation_n upon_o which_o the_o property_n may_v pass_v from_o the_o buyer_n if_o the_o thing_n buy_v remain_v his_o unless_o by_o law_n or_o statute_n it_o be_v otherways_o order_v as_o in_o reversion_n of_o land_n alienation_n of_o fewdal_a right_n which_o become_v void_a and_o return_v if_o alienat_fw-la and_o not_o payment_n of_o the_o few_o duty_n whereby_o the_o few_o right_n become_v void_a but_o all_o by_o law_n and_o custom_n and_o not_o by_o private_a paction_n 68_o second_o the_o doubt_n remain_v if_o such_o personal_a condition_n with_o such_o clause_n resolutive_a be_v in_o the_o body_n of_o the_o bargain_n whether_o it_o be_v effectual_a against_o singular_a successor_n who_o can_v but_o know_v their_o author_n right_n and_o therefore_o be_v in_o dolo_fw-la &_o mala_fw-la fide_fw-la if_o they_o acquire_v such_o right_n in_o prejudice_n of_o the_o condition_n thereof_o and_o so_o ex_fw-la dolo_fw-la at_o least_o such_o clause_n will_v be_v effectual_a against_o the_o singular_a successor_n but_o first_o this_o have_v no_o force_n where_o the_o acquiry_n be_v not_o voluntar_n but_o necessary_a for_o satisfaction_n of_o debt_n by_o apprize_a and_o other_o legal_a diligence_n in_o which_o ordinary_o the_o acquir_a do_v not_o neither_o be_v suppose_v to_o know_v his_o author_n right_o second_o if_o the_o bargain_n be_v so_o necessary_a that_o the_o purchaser_n be_v a_o creditor_n and_o have_v no_o other_o probable_a way_n of_o payment_n in_o which_o though_o he_o see_v his_o author_n right_o bear_v such_o clause_n yet_o he_o act_v upon_o necessity_n for_o his_o own_o satisfaction_n three_o these_o who_o acquire_v such_o right_n without_o necessity_n and_o see_v therein_o such_o condition_n in_o themselves_o personal_a though_o have_v resolutive_a clause_n do_v not_o thereby_o know_v that_o the_o three_o party_n have_v the_o right_a jus_o in_o re_fw-mi but_o only_o jus_o ad_fw-la rem_fw-la and_o therefore_o if_o they_o acquire_v such_o right_n the_o property_n be_v thereby_o transmit_v and_o though_o there_o may_v be_v fraud_n in_o the_o acquirer_n which_o raise_v a_o obligation_n of_o reparation_n to_o the_o party_n damnify_v by_o that_o delinquence_n yet_o that_o be_v but_o personal_a and_o another_o party_n acquire_v bona_fw-la fide_fw-la or_o necessary_o and_o not_o partake_v of_o that_o fraud_n be_v in_o tuto_fw-la but_o certain_a knowledge_n
find_v in_o a_o charge_n to_o the_o cautioner_n behoove_v against_o the_o cocaution_a july_n 27._o 1672._o joseph_n brodie_n contra_fw-la alexander_n keith_n june_n 28._o 1665._o monteith_n contra_fw-la anderson_n a_o cautioner_n in_o a_o suspension_n of_o a_o bond_n wherein_o there_o be_v five_o cautioner_n be_v distress_v and_o have_v pay_v and_o obtain_v assignation_n from_o the_o creditor_n be_v find_v to_o have_v access_n against_o the_o first_o four_o cautioner_n allow_v only_o his_o own_o five_o part_n febr._n 23._o 1671._o arnold_n of_o barncaple_n against_o gordoun_n of_o holm_n 97._o as_o caution_n so_o oath_n be_v accessary_a to_o all_o promise_n paction_n and_o contract_n not_o these_o declaratory_a oath_n which_o be_v ordinary_a in_o the_o discuss_n of_o right_n whereby_o all_o person_n be_v bind_v to_o declare_v the_o truth_n upon_o oath_n as_o witness_n or_o as_o party_n against_o themselves_o in_o civil_a cause_n but_o promissory_a oath_n whereby_o they_o promise_v to_o observe_v or_o fulfil_v any_o thing_n active_a or_o passive_a never_o to_o quarrel_v it_o concern_v which_o oath_n there_o be_v no_o small_a matter_n of_o debate_n among_o lawyer_n what_o effect_n they_o have_v all_o do_v agree_v that_o in_o so_o far_o as_o any_o promise_n can_v be_v effectual_a a_o promissory_a oath_n be_v valid_a and_o have_v this_o much_o of_o advantage_n that_o the_o creditor_n be_v the_o more_o secure_a because_o he_o may_v just_o expect_v the_o debtor_n will_v be_v more_o observant_a of_o his_o oath_n then_o of_o his_o ordinary_a paction_n see_v the_o penalty_n of_o the_o violation_n of_o a_o oath_n deserve_v a_o more_o attrocious_a judgement_n than_o any_o other_o god_n be_v call_v as_o a_o witness_n and_o judge_n which_o effect_v it_o have_v though_o adhibit_v to_o that_o which_o by_o the_o matter_n have_v a_o anterior_a obligation_n as_o obligation_n betwixt_o husband_n and_o wife_n parent_n and_o child_n in_o these_o thing_n in_o which_o they_o be_v mutual_o oblige_v or_o where_o there_o have_v precede_v or_o be_v conjoin_v a_o obligator_n contract_n which_o of_o itself_o be_v bind_v without_o a_o oath_n 2._o all_o do_v also_o agree_v that_o oath_n interpose_v in_o thing_n unlawful_a not_o only_o as_o to_o the_o manner_n but_o as_o to_o the_o matter_n be_v not_o obligator_n so_o no_o man_n justify_v herod_n for_o take_v john_n baptist_n head_n without_o cause_n upon_o pretence_n of_o his_o oath_n 3._o all_o do_v agree_v that_o in_o matter_n free_a and_o in_o our_o own_o power_n as_o contract_n be_v obligator_n so_o also_o be_v oath_n the_o question_n than_o remain_v whether_o in_o act_n civiliter_fw-la inefficacious_a the_o interposition_n of_o a_o oath_n can_v give_v efficacy_n or_o whether_o that_o which_o be_v do_v in_o debito_fw-la modo_fw-la become_v valid_a by_o a_o oath_n to_o perform_v it_o or_o not_o to_o impunge_v it_o and_o if_o that_o efficacy_n will_v not_o only_o extend_v to_o the_o swearer_n but_o to_o his_o heir_n or_o successor_n of_o this_o there_o be_v multitude_n of_o case_n and_o example_n debate_v among_o civilian_n by_o the_o civil_a law_n naked_a paction_n be_v not_o efficacious_a to_o ground_v any_o action_n upon_o quaeritur_fw-la whether_o if_o the_o paction_n be_v with_o a_o oath_n the_o creditor_n may_v not_o effectual_o pursue_v thereupon_o by_o law_n likeways_o the_o deed_n of_o minor_n have_v curator_n not_o consent_v be_v null_n but_o if_o the_o minor_n swear_v not_o to_o quarrel_v they_o quid_fw-la juris_fw-la minor_n laese_v have_v by_o law_n the_o benefit_n of_o restitution_n but_o if_o they_o do_v the_o deed_n upon_o oath_n to_o perform_v it_o or_o not_o to_o quarrel_v it_o whether_o if_o they_o pursue_v to_o reduce_v it_o will_v they_o be_v exclude_v by_o their_o oath_n or_o if_o a_o wife_n be_v oblige_v personal_o for_o debt_n and_o swear_v to_o perform_v it_o or_o never_o to_o come_v in_o the_o contrair_n whether_o yet_o she_o may_v defend_v herself_o with_o her_o privilege_n or_o if_o a_o woman_n land_n give_v she_o for_o security_n of_o her_o tocher_n donatione_fw-la propter_fw-la nuptias_fw-la be_v sell_v by_o her_o husband_n with_o her_o consent_n which_o the_o law_n declare_v null_a whether_o her_o oath_n interpose_v will_v validate_v it_o or_o if_o pactum_fw-la legis_fw-la commissoriae_fw-la in_o pignoribus_fw-la confirm_v with_o a_o oath_n will_v be_v valid_a or_o if_o a_o oath_n for_o performance_n will_v exclude_v the_o common_a exception_n of_o fear_n force_n or_o fraud_n and_o innumerable_a such_o case_n whereby_o positive_a law_n prohibit_v any_o act_n to_o be_v do_v or_o declare_v it_o void_a simple_o or_o void_a if_o it_o be_v not_o do_v in_o such_o a_o manner_n and_o with_o such_o solemnity_n for_o clear_v of_o these_o and_o the_o like_a case_n we_o be_v chief_o to_o consider_v quae_fw-la sunt_fw-la part_n judicis_fw-la or_o what_o be_v the_o judge_n his_o duty_n in_o decide_v case_n wherein_o oath_n be_v interpose_v rather_o than_o what_o concern_v the_o party_n and_o the_o obligation_n upon_o their_o conscience_n by_o these_o oath_n in_o foro_fw-la poli_fw-fr and_o therefore_o we_o shall_v take_v up_o the_o matter_n distinct_o in_o these_o ensue_a point_n first_o if_o a_o action_n be_v pursue_v upon_o a_o ground_n ineffectual_a in_o law_n albeit_o the_o defender_n have_v interpose_v a_o oath_n never_o to_o come_v in_o the_o contrair_n yet_o that_o which_o will_v not_o be_v sustain_v by_o the_o judge_n though_o the_o defender_n shall_v not_o appear_v or_o object_n which_o be_v ineffectual_a of_o itself_o in_o that_o case_n the_o interposition_n of_o a_o oath_n have_v no_o effect_n as_o if_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n a_o action_n be_v intent_a upon_o a_o promise_n or_o a_o naked_a paction_n with_o a_o oath_n interpose_v the_o action_n will_v not_o be_v sustain_v albeit_o the_o defender_n shall_v not_o appear_v or_o appear_v shall_v not_o object_v that_o it_o be_v a_o naked_a paction_n or_o if_o a_o declarator_n shall_v be_v intent_a to_o declare_v pactum_fw-la legis_fw-la commissoriae_fw-la in_o pignoribus_fw-la to_o be_v valid_a and_o effectual_a though_o it_o be_v libel_v that_o the_o other_o party_n do_v swear_v never_o to_o come_v in_o the_o contrair_n yet_o the_o judge_n can_v not_o sustain_v such_o a_o action_n nor_o general_o can_v sustain_v any_o action_n which_o be_v unjust_a or_o irrelevant_a albeit_o it_o shall_v not_o be_v oppose_v but_o consent_v to_o simple_o or_o with_o a_o oath_n never_o to_o quarrel_v it_o because_o in_o such_o case_n pactis_fw-la privatorum_fw-la non_fw-la derogatur_fw-la juri_fw-la communi_fw-la the_o consent_n or_o oath_n of_o no_o party_n can_v make_v that_o just_a which_o be_v unjust_a nor_o can_v make_v that_o sufficient_a or_o effectual_a that_o be_v deficient_a in_o its_o essential_o as_o if_o any_o party_n shall_v grant_v a_o disposition_n of_o land_n or_o annualrent_n and_o declare_v that_o it_o shall_v be_v effectual_a for_o poind_v the_o ground_n without_o infeftment_n and_o shall_v swear_v never_o to_o come_v in_o the_o contrair_a thereof_o if_o thereupon_o the_o obtainer_n shall_v pursue_v poind_v of_o the_o ground_n the_o same_o can_v not_o be_v sustain_v because_o these_o right_n be_v defective_a in_o their_o essential_o want_v infeftment_n and_o yet_o in_o these_o case_n if_o the_o party_n shall_v object_v or_o any_o way_n hinder_v the_o effect_n of_o their_o oath_n they_o contraveen_v the_o same_o but_o the_o judge_v not_o sustain_v the_o same_o do_v no_o wrong_n because_o his_o not_o sustain_v proceed_v upon_o a_o defect_n of_o a_o essential_a requisite_a and_o not_o because_o of_o any_o exception_n or_o objection_n of_o the_o party_n from_o this_o ground_n it_o be_v that_o if_o a_o wife_n be_v pursue_v or_o charge_v upon_o a_o bond_n for_o debt_n subscribe_v by_o she_o bear_v express_o she_o to_o be_v design_v a_o wife_n though_o it_o be_v condescend_v on_o that_o she_o make_v faith_n never_o to_o come_v in_o the_o contrair_a the_o lord_n will_v not_o sustain_v the_o pursuit_n or_o charge_n because_o by_o the_o very_a action_n itself_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o summons_n or_o charge_n be_v irrelevant_a and_o contrair_a to_o law_n which_o declare_v a_o wife_n bond_n for_o debt_n ipso_fw-la jure_fw-la null_n and_o therefore_o though_o she_o may_v be_v faulty_a in_o suspend_v or_o hinder_v the_o performance_n of_o the_o engagement_n of_o her_o oath_n the_o lord_n do_v just_o reject_v such_o a_o irrelevant_a libel_n or_o charge_n as_o they_o do_v in_o the_o case_n betwixt_o and_o catharine_n douglas_n feb._n 18._o 1663._o where_o her_o band_n be_v suspend_v simpliciter_fw-la as_o be_v express_o grant_v by_o a_o wife_n though_o she_o judicial_o make_v faith_n never_o to_o come_v in_o the_o contrair_a or_o if_o the_o husband_n shall_v suspend_v and_o allege_v that_o such_o a_o obligation_n or_o oath_n can_v not_o be_v effectual_a against_o his_o good_n or_o the_o person_n
before_o show_v intrusion_n be_v where_o the_o entry_n be_v make_v in_o possession_n without_o violenc_n but_o without_o warrant_n or_o consent_n as_o ejection_n be_v by_o violence_n but_o these_o contrary_a act_n though_o unwarrantable_a yet_o they_o take_v away_o the_o possession_n that_o be_v detain_v by_o the_o mind_n 20._o possession_n then_o be_v lose_v by_o a_o contrary_a possession_n and_o it_o be_v interrupt_v by_o contrary_a act_n and_o attempt_n of_o possession_n which_o if_o they_o do_v not_o attain_v the_o effect_n to_o expulse_v it_o it_o be_v call_v also_o a_o trouble_a or_o disquiet_v possession_n for_o nothing_o can_v be_v possess_v in_o solidum_fw-la by_o more_o than_o one_o either_o simple_o or_o in_o relation_n to_o the_o same_o right_n as_o there_o can_v be_v more_o proprietar_n than_o one_o of_o the_o same_o kind_n though_o one_o be_v superior_a and_o another_o vassal_n so_o more_o liferenter_n can_v possess_v in_o solidum_fw-la and_o therefore_o the_o entry_n to_o possess_v that_o which_o be_v already_o possess_v must_v expulse_v the_o prior_n or_o else_o introduce_v a_o partial_a and_o common_a possession_n yet_o it_o be_v not_o the_o contrary_a attempt_n or_o every_o act_n that_o expel_v a_o prior_n possession_n but_o if_o the_o same_o be_v violent_a the_o prior_n possessor_n have_v the_o benefit_n of_o possessory_a judgement_n and_o may_v lawful_o use_v violence_n to_o continue_v possession_n which_o afterward_o he_o may_v not_o for_o recovery_n thereof_o when_o it_o be_v lose_v though_o unwarrantable_o or_o violent_o thus_o possession_n be_v transfer_v from_o one_o to_o another_o but_o possession_n be_v simple_o lose_v when_o it_o be_v forsake_v and_o relinquish_v it_o be_v not_o easy_a to_o be_v know_v when_o possession_n be_v detain_v by_o the_o mind_n and_o when_o relinquish_v wherein_o there_o be_v a_o general_a rule_n that_o dereliction_n be_v not_o presume_v except_o it_o appear_v by_o evident_a declaratory_a act_n or_o circumstance_n as_o when_o it_o be_v throw_v away_o in_o any_o public_a place_n where_o it_o can_v but_o be_v take_v up_o or_o when_o another_o be_v suffer_v to_o possess_v without_o contradiction_n or_o when_o possessory_a act_n have_v be_v long_o abstain_v from_o all_o which_o conjecture_n be_v in_o arbitrio_fw-la judicis_fw-la 21._o from_o what_o have_v be_v say_v the_o ordinary_a distinction_n of_o possession_n may_v be_v easy_o understand_v as_o be_v either_o natural_a or_o civil_a continue_v quiet_a and_o peaceable_a or_o interrupt_v and_o disturb_v lawful_a or_o unlawful_a under_o which_o distinction_n be_v comprehend_v possessio_fw-la bonae_fw-la fidei_fw-la which_o may_v be_v call_v innocent_a possession_n and_o malae_fw-la fidei_fw-la or_o fraudulent_a and_o possession_n public_a and_o clandestine_v and_o long_a possession_n momentany_a or_o precarious_a 22._o to_o come_v to_o the_o right_o employ_v in_o possession_n it_o be_v main_o in_o two_o point_n first_o in_o the_o right_a to_o continue_v it_o against_o all_o illegal_a contrary_a act_n second_o the_o right_a of_o appropriation_n of_o the_o fruit_n consume_v bona_fw-la fide_fw-la both_o these_o be_v introduce_v by_o positive_a law_n for_o utility_n sake_n for_o by_o equity_n any_o man_n may_v at_o any_o time_n recover_v the_o possession_n of_o that_o which_o be_v his_o own_o by_o force_n and_o all_o the_o fruit_n thereof_o whether_o extant_a or_o consume_v but_o civil_a society_n and_o magistracy_n be_v erect_v it_o be_v the_o main_a foundation_n of_o the_o peace_n and_o preservation_n thereof_o that_o possession_n may_v not_o be_v recover_v by_o violence_n but_o by_o order_n of_o law_n and_o therefore_o there_o be_v no_o more_o allow_v to_o private_a force_n then_o to_o continue_v possession_n against_o contrary_n violent_a and_o clandestine_v act_n immediate_o after_o act_v of_o the_o former_a or_o notice_n of_o the_o latter_a but_o a_o violent_a clandestine_v and_o unlawful_a possession_n may_v not_o be_v trouble_v though_o there_o be_v a_o evident_a right_n much_o less_o may_v possession_n be_v enter_v where_o there_o be_v a_o right_n in_o a_o party_n himself_o or_o his_o predecessor_n to_o who_o he_o be_v heir_n in_o that_o thing_n for_o as_o they_o be_v account_v as_o one_o person_n in_o law_n so_o their_o possession_n be_v account_v as_o one_o possession_n like_o unto_o this_o be_v the_o right_n of_o appearand_a heir_n to_o possess_v their_o predecessor_n rent_n though_o they_o be_v not_o infeft_v which_o will_v not_o only_a exoner_n the_o possessor_n but_o if_o the_o appearand_a heir_n die_v uninfeft_v his_o near_a of_o kin_n will_v have_v right_a to_o the_o rent_n rest_v from_o his_o predecessor_n death_n to_o his_o own_o death_n and_o these_o will_v be_v subject_a to_o high_a own_o proper_a debt_n albeit_o they_o will_v not_o affect_v the_o land_n itself_o but_o the_o next_o appearand_a heir_n must_v enter_v to_o the_o defunct_a last_o infeft_v and_o his_o person_n and_o estate_n will_v only_o be_v liable_a for_o the_o debt_n of_o the_o defunct_a to_o who_o he_o enter_v 23._o the_o other_o possessory_a right_n be_v that_o which_o be_v allow_v in_o the_o civil_a law_n bonae_fw-la fidei_fw-la possessor_n facit_fw-la fructus_fw-la consumptos_fw-la suos_fw-la l._n certum_fw-la 22._o cod._n de_fw-fr rei_fw-la vindicatione_n the_o reason_n whereof_o be_v because_o they_o who_o enjoy_v that_o which_o they_o think_v their_o own_o do_v consume_v the_o fruit_n thereof_o without_o expectation_n of_o repetition_n or_o account_n else_o they_o be_v presume_v to_o reserve_v they_o or_o employ_v they_o profitable_o for_o restitution_n and_o if_o it_o be_v otherways_o there_o can_v be_v no_o quiet_a nor_o security_n to_o man_n mind_n who_o can_v call_v nothing_o secure_o their_o own_o if_o the_o event_n of_o a_o dubious_a right_o may_v make_v they_o restore_v what_o they_o have_v consume_v bona_fw-la fide_fw-la and_o as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o favour_n of_o the_o innocent_a possessor_n so_o it_o be_v in_o hatred_n of_o the_o negligence_n of_o the_o other_o party_n not_o pursue_v his_o right_n 24._o this_o right_n be_v only_o competent_a to_o possessor_n bonae_fw-la fidei_fw-la who_o do_v true_o think_v that_o which_o they_o possess_v to_o be_v their_o own_o and_o know_v not_o the_o right_a of_o any_o other_o but_o private_a knowledge_n upon_o information_n without_o legal_a diligence_n or_o other_o solemnity_n allow_v in_o law_n at_o least_o the_o private_a knowledge_n be_v certain_a be_v not_o regard_v nor_o do_v constitute_v the_o knower_n in_o mala_fw-la fide_fw-la march_v 14._o 1626._o nisbit_n contra_fw-la williamson_n but_o a_o mother_n be_v not_o find_v to_o enjoy_v this_o benefit_n in_o prejudice_n of_o her_o child_n there_o be_v several_a presumption_n of_o her_o knowledge_n of_o their_o right_n november_n 20._o 1662._o child_n of_o wolmet_n contra_fw-la lady_n wolmet_n and_o dankeith_n her_o husband_n in_o some_o case_n a_o citation_n and_o production_n of_o any_o other_o evident_o preferable_a right_n be_v sufficient_a when_o the_o possessor_n have_v no_o probable_a title_n but_o where_o he_o have_v a_o doubtful_a title_n mala_fw-la fides_fw-la be_v only_o induce_v by_o litiscontestation_n or_o sentence_n as_o in_o reduction_n whether_o the_o defender_n be_v liable_a for_o the_o by-gone_a profit_n from_o citation_n litiscontestation_n or_o decreet_a be_v in_o the_o arbitrament_n of_o the_o judge_n july_n 11._o 1627._o pitmedden_n and_o the_o lord_n elphingstoun_n contra_fw-la smith_n the_o like_a in_o a_o tack_v reduce_v upon_o a_o failzie_a hope_n reduction_n seatoun_n contra_fw-la seatoun_n the_o like_a june_n 2._o 1610._o mr._n robert_n hunter_n contra_fw-la lord_n sanquhar_n the_o like_a as_o to_o a_o decreet_a of_o remove_v reduce_v and_o the_o violent_a profit_n find_v due_a only_o after_o litiscontestation_n in_o the_o reduction_n january_n 24._o 1611._o jousie_n contra_fw-la mortimer_n and_o find_v only_o to_o take_v effect_n after_o sentence_n in_o reduction_n of_o a_o apprize_a because_o the_o half_a of_o the_o of_o the_o sum_n be_v pay_v hope_n poind_v james_n lamb_n contra_fw-la smeatoun_n hepburn_n and_o though_o the_o possessor_n right_o be_v but_o a_o tack_v which_o fall_v in_o consequence_n with_o the_o setter_n 〈◊〉_d reduce_v in_o parliament_n yet_o the_o tacks-mans_n possession_n bona_fw-la fide_fw-la be_v sustain_v though_o he_o need_v not_o to_o be_v call_v to_o the_o decreet_a of_o parliament_n see_v that_o on_o that_o decreet_a there_o be_v nothing_o do_v to_o make_v he_o know_v it_o or_o put_v he_o in_o mala_fw-la fide_fw-la july_n 19_o 1664._o elizabeth_n dowglas_n and_o longformacus_n her_o spouse_n contra_fw-la laird_n of_o wedderburn_n upon_o this_o ground_n a_o adjudger_n be_v prefer_v to_o the_o by-gone_a duty_n uplift_v by_o he_o to_o a_o prior_n appryzer_n who_o charge_v the_o superior_a to_o infeft_v he_o before_o the_o adjudication_n december_n 1._o 1632._o laird_n of_o kilkerran_n contra_fw-la ferguson_n this_o be_v extend_v to_o the_o profit_v uplift_v by_o infeftment_n upon_o a_o disposition_n though_o
the_o abolish_n of_o popery_n they_o return_v to_o the_o crown_n as_o the_o narrative_a of_o the_o act_n of_o annexation_n of_o the_o temporality_n of_o benefice_n par._n 1587._o cap._n 29._o bear_n and_o therefore_o benefice_n of_o laic_a patronage_n as_o have_v proceed_v from_o these_o patron_n be_v except_v by_o the_o say_a act_n and_o though_o after_o the_o restitution_n of_o bishop_n and_o their_o chapter_n the_o act_n of_o annexation_n in_o so_o far_o as_o concern_v their_o land_n be_v rescind_v par._n 1606._o cap._n 6._o yet_o bishop_n be_v abolish_v par._n 1640._o cap._n 6._o their_o land_n be_v again_o annex_v to_o the_o crown_n par._n 1649._o cap._n whereby_o all_o erection_n of_o kirk-land_n in_o temporal_a barony_n or_o lordship_n by_o which_o the_o king_n interpose_v any_o person_n betwixt_o himself_o and_o these_o who_o be_v former_o vassal_n of_o kirkman_n be_v prohibit_v and_o declare_v null_n this_o act_n be_v rescind_v in_o the_o general_a act_n rescissory_a 1661._o cap._n 15._o the_o annex_v property_n after_o dissolution_n may_v not_o be_v grant_v in_o ward_n or_o blensh_o except_o upon_o excambion_n for_o as_o good_a land_n par._n 1597._o cap._n 234._o 37._o feus_n of_o kirk_n land_n by_o prelate_n or_o other_o benefice_a person_n be_v grant_v by_o consent_n of_o their_o chapter_n with_o all_o requisite_a solemnity_n be_v esteem_v legal_a security_n without_o any_o particular_a confirmation_n by_o the_o king_n or_o pope_n there_o be_v no_o statute_n nor_o constitution_n oblige_v the_o subject_n thereto_o and_o in_o case_n any_o confirmation_n have_v be_v requisite_a the_o consent_n of_o the_o prince_n under_o his_o proper_a seal_n and_o subscription_n be_v sufficient_a par._n 1593._o cap._n 187._o yet_o it_o be_v the_o custom_n that_o the_o king_n or_o pope_n authority_n be_v interpose_v to_o all_o feus_n of_o kirk-land_n therefore_o all_o feus_n not_o confirm_v by_o the_o king_n or_o pope_n before_o the_o 8._o of_o march_n 1558._o or_o be_v thereafter_o not_o confirm_v by_o the_o king_n be_v declare_v null_n by_o exception_n par._n 1584._o cap._n 7._o the_o reason_n hereof_o be_v because_o in_o march_n 1558._o the_o reformation_n of_o religion_n begin_v to_o be_v public_o profess_v in_o scotland_n and_o the_o benefice_a person_n become_v hopeless_a to_o preserve_v their_o right_n of_o their_o kirk_n land_n and_o therefore_o endeavour_v to_o dilapidat_fw-la the_o same_o but_o this_o be_v find_v not_o to_o extend_v to_o a_o infeftment_n of_o a_o office_n as_o the_o office_n of_o forrestrie_n though_o it_o have_v land_n annex_v thereto_o and_o a_o threave_n of_o corn_n out_o of_o every_o husband_n land_n of_o the_o abbacy_n see_v the_o statute_n mention_v only_a feus_n of_o land_n and_o this_o be_v but_o like_o a_o thirlage_n 20._o of_o january_n 1666._o lord_n renton_n contra_fw-la fever_n of_o 〈◊〉_d it_o be_v also_o declare_v in_o the_o 7._o act_n par._n 1594._o that_o the_o old_a possessor_n be_v to_o have_v their_o confirmation_n for_o payment_n of_o the_o quadruple_a of_o their_o silver_n rend_v or_o the_o double_a of_o their_o ferm_n provide_v they_o seek_v the_o same_o within_o a_o year_n after_o the_o publication_n of_o that_o act_n otherways_o they_o be_v to_o pay_v the_o eight_o fold_n of_o the_o silver_n rend_v and_o the_o triple_a of_o the_o ferm_n and_o the_o king_n be_v thereby_o oblige_v to_o grant_v confirmation_n to_o the_o old_a possessor_n upon_o these_o term_n and_o be_v so_o confirm_v the_o same_o can_v not_o be_v question_v upon_o aleadge_v dimunition_n of_o the_o rental_a or_o conversion_n in_o money_n or_o any_o other_o cause_n of_o nullity_n invalidity_n or_o lesion_n or_o by_o any_o law_n canon_n or_o statute_n except_o improbation_n only_o and_o it_o be_v declare_v that_o confirmation_n by_o the_o king_n of_o posterior_n feus_n shall_v not_o perjudge_v the_o anterior_a feus_n grant_v by_o prelate_n and_o their_o convent_v with_o their_o common_a seal_n and_o subscription_n at_o any_o time_n be_v grant_v with_o consent_n of_o the_o king_n predecessor_n under_o their_o privy_a seal_n though_o without_o far_a confirmation_n by_o the_o king_n or_o pope_n par._n 1593._o cap._n 187._o the_o reason_n hereof_o be_v because_o in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o reformation_n most_o of_o the_o evident_n of_o kirk_n land_n be_v destroy_v and_o therefore_o the_o ancient_a possessor_n be_v presume_v by_o their_o very_a possession_n to_o have_v right_o and_o for_o clear_v who_o be_v the_o ancient_a possessor_n and_o what_o be_v kirk_n land_n it_o be_v declare_v by_o act_n of_o sederunt_fw-la 16._o of_o december_n 1612._o that_o ten_o year_n possossion_n before_o the_o reformation_n or_o thirty_o year_n possession_n thereafter_o but_o interruption_n shall_v be_v sufficient_a to_o stand_v for_o a_o right_n of_o kirk-land_n the_o same_o be_v possess_v as_o such_o and_o feu_n duty_n be_v pay_v to_o kirkman_n before_o the_o reformation_n or_o to_o the_o king_n or_o other_o have_v right_o from_o they_o after_o the_o reformation_n therefore_o it_o be_v so_o decide_v 5._o of_o july_n 1626._o laird_n of_o kerse_n contra_fw-la minister_n of_o alva_n though_o much_o strong_a probation_n of_o be_v part_n of_o a_o temporal_a barronie_n for_o long_a time_n be_v allege_v in_o the_o contrary_a hope_n earl_n of_o home_n contra_fw-la earl_n of_o balcleugh_n spot_n kirkman_n mr._n john_n hamiltone_n minister_n at_o linton_n contra_fw-la john_n tweedie_n second_o feus_n grant_v by_o prelate_n be_v null_a except_o they_o be_v expede_n by_o the_o consent_n of_o their_o chapter_n or_o convent_v par._n 1593._o cap._n 187._o three_o feus_n grant_v by_o the_o benefice_a person_n as_o of_o themselves_o they_o ought_v to_o have_v be_v without_o diminution_n of_o the_o rental_a see_v the_o property_n thereof_o be_v mortify_v to_o the_o kirk_n and_o the_o incumbent_n be_v but_o as_o liferenter_n administrator_n and_o tutor_n it_o be_v also_o express_o declare_v and_o statute_n that_o any_o diminution_n of_o the_o rental_a or_o change_v of_o victual_n for_o money_n or_o any_o other_o disposition_n make_v the_o benefice_n in_o a_o worse_a estate_n then_o at_o the_o kirk-mens_n entry_n shall_v be_v null_a par._n 1585._o cap._n 11._o 38._o infeftment_n in_o burgage_n be_v these_o which_o be_v grant_v to_o the_o burgh_n by_o the_o king_n as_o the_o common_a land_n or_o other_o right_n of_o the_o incorporation_n and_o that_o for_o burgal_o service_n in_o watch_v and_o ward_n within_o their_o burgh_n etc._n etc._n these_o can_v have_v no_o casualty_n because_o incorporation_n die_v not_o and_o so_o their_o land_n can_v never_o fall_v in_o ward_n or_o in_o nonentrie_n these_o infeftment_n in_o burgage_n be_v hold_v by_o the_o incorporation_n immediate_o of_o the_o king_n for_o burgal_n service_n watch_v and_o ward_n within_o burgh_n etc._n etc._n and_o the_o particular_a person_n infeft_v be_v the_o king_n immediate_a vassal_n and_o the_o baily_n of_o the_o burgh_n be_v the_o king_n baily_n and_o to_o the_o effect_n that_o such_o infeftment_n may_v be_v know_v it_o be_v declare_v that_o all_o seasine_n of_o burgage_n land_n shall_v only_o be_v give_v by_o the_o bailzie_n and_o common_a clerk_n thereof_o otherways_o the_o famine_n be_v declare_v null_n which_o seem_v to_o have_v give_v the_o rise_n to_o the_o exception_n in_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n anent_o registration_n of_o seasin_n that_o it_o shall_v not_o extend_v to_o seasin_n within_o burgh_n par._n 1567._o cap._n 27._o 39_o infeftment_n of_o mortisied_a land_n be_v these_o which_o be_v grant_v to_o the_o kirk_n or_o other_o incorporation_n have_v no_o other_o reddendo_fw-la than_o prayer_n and_o supplication_n and_o the_o like_a such_o be_v the_o mortification_n of_o the_o kirk-land_n grant_v by_o the_o king_n to_o kirk-man_n or_o grant_v by_o other_o private_a man_n to_o the_o provost_n and_o prebendar_n of_o college_n kirk_n found_v for_o sing_v or_o to_o chaplain_n preceptor_n or_o alterage_n in_o which_o the_o patronage_n remain_v in_o the_o mortifier_n 40._o of_o all_o these_o mortification_n there_o remain_v nothing_o now_o except_o the_o benefice_n of_o bishop_n dean_n and_o chapter_n and_o the_o manse_v and_o gleibs_n of_o minister_n which_o be_v rather_o allodial_a than_o feudal_n have_v no_o hold_v reddendo_fw-la or_o renovatione_fw-la yet_o be_v esteem_v as_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o mortification_n and_o therefore_o the_o liferent_a of_o the_o incumbent_n by_o be_v year_n and_o day_n at_o the_o horn_n fall_v to_o the_o king_n manse_v and_o gleibs_n do_v belong_v to_o parson_n viccar_n and_o other_o kirk-man_n before_o the_o reformation_n after_o which_o they_o be_v prohibit_v to_o set_v the_o same_o feu_fw-fr or_o in_o long_o tack_v without_o the_o royal_a assent_n and_o the_o minister_n be_v ordain_v to_o have_v the_o principal_a manse_n of_o the_o parson_n or_o vicar_n or_o so_o much_o thereof_o as_o shall_v be_v find_v sufficient_a whither_o
be_v design_v there_o be_v no_o relief_n by_o other_o kirk-land_n except_o these_o who_o have_v feus_n of_o other_o part_n of_o the_o same_o gleib_n see_v by_o the_o foresaids_n statute_n the_o fevar_n of_o old_a manse_v or_o gleibs_n be_v to_o suffer_v designation_n or_o to_o purchase_v new_a manse_v and_o gleibs_n so_o that_o these_o old_a manse_v and_o gleibs_n do_v not_o infer_v relief_n this_o relief_n be_v not_o debitum_fw-la fundi_fw-la affect_v singular_a successor_n as_o be_v find_v june_n 1675_o schaw_n contra_fw-la hamiltoun_n of_o munckland_n but_o when_o the_o designation_n be_v of_o temporal_a land_n the_o whole_a heretor_n of_o temporal_a land_n be_v to_o contribute_v for_o a_o recompense_n thereof_o proportional_o par_fw-fr 1649_o cap_n 131_o revive_v par_fw-fr 1663._o session_n 3._o cap._n 20._o gleibs_n be_v teind-free_a parl._n 1578._o cap._n 62._o the_o like_a where_o they_o be_v arable_a or_o grass_n par._n 121._o cap._n 10._o and_o a_o gleib_n be_v find_v teind-free_a though_o late_o mortify_v voluntary_o without_o designation_n or_o process_n and_o though_o not_o mortify_v to_o a_o paroch_n church_n but_o a_o chapel_n see_v divine_a worship_n be_v accustom_v to_o be_v therein_o june_n 9_o 1676._o alexander_n burnet_n contra_fw-la william_n gibb_n 41._o there_o be_v another_o division_n of_o infeftment_n into_o these_o which_o be_v grant_v to_o one_o person_n and_o his_o heir_n and_o to_o more_o person_n and_o their_o heir_n which_o be_v of_o diverse_a sort_n sometime_o as_o conjunct-infeftments_a and_o sometime_o conceive_v in_o favour_n of_o father_n and_o after_o their_o decease_n to_o child_n or_o relation_n therein_o nominat_fw-la conjunct-infeftments_a be_v call_v conjunct-fee_n whereby_o the_o fee_n be_v dispone_v joint_o to_o more_o person_n and_o their_o heir_n which_o may_v be_v to_o three_o or_o more_o person_n who_o by_o the_o infeftment_n become_v all_o fiar_n joint_o and_o equal_o whence_o there_o arise_v a_o communion_n by_o which_o they_o do_v possess_v the_o fee_n pro_fw-la indiviso_fw-la until_o division_n thereof_o be_v make_v which_o do_v not_o comprehend_v a_o infeftment_n to_o a_o incorporation_n as_o to_o a_o town_n or_o college_n or_o to_o the_o use_n of_o the_o poor_a who_o do_v not_o thereby_o become_v joint_a fiar_n but_o have_v only_o a_o share_n of_o the_o benefit_n according_a to_o the_o distribution_n appoint_v these_o infeftment_n be_v not_o conceive_v to_o heir_n see_v incorporation_n be_v perpetual_a and_o die_v not_o neither_o do_v the_o public_a use_n fail_v therefore_o such_o infeftment_n require_v no_o renovation_n superior_n will_v not_o easy_o be_v induce_v to_o accept_v resignation_n from_o their_o vassal_n in_o favour_n of_o incorporation_n and_o public_a use_n by_o which_o all_o the_o casualty_n of_o their_o superiority_n cease_v or_o to_o grant_v confirmation_n thereof_o have_v the_o same_o effect_n nor_o can_v they_o be_v compel_v to_o grant_v such_o infeftment_n upon_o the_o vassal_n bond_n grant_v of_o purpose_n that_o adjudication_n may_v be_v use_v thereupon_o that_o thereby_o the_o superior_a may_v be_v compel_v to_o receive_v the_o incorporation_n yea_o though_o without_o design_n a_o incorporation_n shall_v become_v creditor_n to_o a_o vassal_n in_o a_o debt_n true_o borrow_v either_o from_o the_o incorporation_n or_o their_o cedent_fw-la the_o question_n be_v whether_o a_o adjudication_n thereupon_o may_v force_v the_o superior_a to_o receive_v the_o incorporation_n for_o a_o year_n rent_n craig_n opinion_n be_v in_o the_o negative_a and_o i_o have_v not_o hear_v such_o a_o case_n come_v to_o be_v debate_v and_o though_o custom_n have_v oblige_v superior_n to_o receive_v man_n and_o wife_n in_o conjunct-fee_n which_o abate_v their_o casualty_n during_o the_o life_n of_o two_o person_n the_o consequence_n will_v not_o be_v good_a to_o reach_v to_o a_o incorporation_n that_o never_o die_v though_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n introduce_v appryzing_n and_o adjudication_n be_v general_o in_o favour_n of_o all_o creditor_n it_o be_v more_o just_a that_o incorporation_n shall_v pitch_v upon_o a_o person_n and_o assign_v their_o debt_n to_o he_o express_o to_o the_o effect_n that_o the_o land_n may_v be_v adjudge_v to_o he_o and_o his_o heir_n for_o the_o use_n and_o behoove_v of_o the_o incorporation_n or_o such_o other_o use_v as_o be_v design_v which_o will_v be_v effectual_a against_o all_o singular_a successor_n especial_o if_o the_o trust_n be_v express_v in_o the_o seasine_a but_o the_o superior_a will_v have_v all_o his_o casualty_n by_o the_o death_n neglect_n or_o delinquence_n of_o the_o trustee_n and_o his_o heir_n i_o shall_v not_o pre-determine_a myself_o or_o other_o in_o the_o case_n but_o leave_v it_o to_o public_a determination_n conjunct-fee_n by_o the_o custom_n of_o england_n be_v always_o so_o understand_v that_o the_o surviver_n have_v the_o whole_a benefit_n so_o long_o as_o any_o of_o they_o be_v alive_a but_o we_o do_v only_o extend_v this_o survivancy_n to_o conjunct-infeftments_a to_o husband_n and_o wife_n which_o bear_v ordinary_o to_o the_o long_a liver_n but_o though_o that_o be_v not_o express_v it_o will_v be_v understand_v as_o employ_v and_o general_o it_o resolve_v in_o the_o wife_n but_o as_o a_o liferent_a and_o the_o husband_n be_v understand_v to_o be_v fire_n unless_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o the_o right_o be_v original_o the_o wife_n and_o a_o liferent_a only_o design_v for_o the_o husband_n and_o therefore_o if_o no_o heir_n be_v express_v or_o only_o general_o their_o heir_n the_o husband_n heir_n be_v understand_v in_o heritable_a right_n nam_fw-la potior_fw-la est_fw-la conditio_fw-la masculi_fw-la and_o the_o wife_n be_v only_o liferenter_fw-la but_o with_o great_a power_n than_o by_o a_o separate_a liferent_a june_n 24._o 1663._o elizabeth_n scrymzour_n contra_fw-la murrays_n and_o a_o wife_n have_v charge_v upon_o a_o bond_n grant_v to_o her_o husband_n and_o she_o and_o the_o long_a liver_n be_v find_v not_o to_o have_v right_a to_o uplift_v the_o sum_n or_o to_o insist_v therefore_o without_o concourse_n of_o the_o man_n heir_n or_o he_o be_v call_v that_o if_o the_o sum_n be_v insecure_a it_o may_v be_v consign_v to_o be_v re-imployed_n to_o the_o wife_n in_o liferent_a and_o to_o the_o heir_n in_o fee_n december_n 10._o 1671._o katherine_n ross_n contra_fw-la laird_n of_o hunthill_n yea_o a_o clause_n in_o a_o bond_n bear_v a_o sum_n borrow_v from_o a_o husband_n and_o wife_n and_o payable_a to_o the_o long_a liver_n of_o they_o two_o in_o coniunct-fee_n and_o to_o the_o heir_n betwixt_o they_o and_o their_o assigney_n whilk_n fail_v to_o the_o heir_n and_o assigney_n of_o the_o last_o liver_n be_v find_v to_o constitute_v the_o husband_n fire_n and_o the_o wife_n liferenter_fw-la albeit_o she_o be_v last_o liver_n whereby_o her_o heir_n of_o line_n fail_v heir_n of_o the_o marriage_n become_v heir_n of_o provision_n to_o the_o husband_n and_o liable_a to_o his_o debt_n january_n 29._o 1669._o graham_n contra_fw-la park_n and_o gerdan_n january_n 23._o 1668._o john_n justice_z contra_fw-la mary_n barcley_n his_o spouse_n and_o a_o clause_n in_o a_o contract_n of_o marriage_n obliege_v the_o husband_n to_o take_v the_o conquest_n to_o he_o and_o his_o future_a spouse_n and_o the_o heir_n betwixt_o they_o whilk_n fail_v the_o heir_n of_o the_o man_n body_n whilk_n fail_v the_o wife_n heir_n whatsoever_o be_v find_v not_o to_o constitute_v the_o wife_n fire_n but_o liferenter_fw-la and_o the_o husband_n fire_n whereby_o fail_v heir_n of_o the_o marriage_n and_o of_o the_o man_n body_n the_o wife_n heir_n of_o line_n be_v heir_n of_o provision_n to_o the_o man_n february_n 20._o 1667._o cranstoun_n contra_fw-la wilkison_n for_o by_o this_o clause_n of_o conquest_n it_o be_v evident_a the_o mean_n be_v to_o come_v by_o the_o man_n yet_o a_o obligement_n by_o a_o man_n bearing_z that_o whatsoever_o land_n or_o sum_n of_o money_n he_o shall_v purchase_v during_o the_o life_n of_o he_o and_o his_o future_a spouse_n their_o present_a debt_n be_v first_o pay_v that_o the_o wife_n shall_v be_v secure_v therein_o in_o conjunct-fee_n and_o in_o case_n of_o no_o issue_n or_o child_n the_o one_o half_a thereof_o to_o be_v dispone_v as_o the_o wife_n shall_v think_v fit_a be_v find_v to_o make_v the_o conquest_n divide_v betwixt_o the_o heir_n of_o the_o man_n and_o the_o wife_n and_o that_o her_o power_n to_o dispone_v the_o half_a be_v not_o a_o personal_a faculty_n but_o do_v make_v her_o fire_n in_o that_o half_a and_o take_v off_o the_o presumption_n of_o the_o preference_n of_o the_o husband_n see_v no_o mention_n be_v make_v of_o the_o heir_n of_o either_o party_n june_n 27._o and_o 28._o 1676._o earl_n of_o dumfermling_n contra_fw-la earl_n of_o callender_n conjunct-fee_n to_o husband_n and_o wife_n and_o the_o heir_n of_o the_o marriage_n do_v imply_v a_o restriction_n upon_o the_o man_n not_o to_o
superior_n must_v be_v call_v 73._o all_o other_o interest_n of_o fee_n be_v carry_v as_o part_v and_o pertinent_a though_o they_o be_v not_o express_v and_o albeit_o wood_n and_o loch_n use_v oft_o to_o be_v express_v yet_o they_o be_v comprehend_v under_o part_n and_o pertinent_o and_o therefore_o the_o master_n of_o the_o ground_n have_v not_o only_o right_a to_o the_o water_n in_o loch_n but_o to_o the_o ground_n thereof_o and_o may_v drain_n the_o same_o unless_o servitude_n be_v fix_v to_o water-gangs_a of_o milns_n or_o other_o work_n and_o the_o ground_n of_o the_o loch_n and_o all_o that_o be_v upon_o it_o or_o under_o it_o be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o fee_n but_o if_o the_o loch_n be_v not_o whole_o within_o the_o fee_n but_o partly_o within_o or_o adjacent_a to_o the_o fee_n of_o another_o then_o unless_o the_o loch_n be_v express_v it_o will_v be_v divide_v among_o the_o fiars_n who_o land_n front_v thereupon_o the_o part_n of_o fee_n be_v only_o express_v in_o bound_a charter_n but_o in_o all_o other_o the_o part_n be_v only_o know_v by_o the_o common_a reputation_n of_o the_o neighbourhood_n what_o they_o comprehend_v under_o the_o designation_n express_v in_o the_o infeftment_n and_o by_o possession_n as_o part_v and_o pertinent_a of_o the_o land_n design_v in_o the_o infeftment_n whether_o they_o have_v but_o one_o common_a designation_n as_o such_o a_o barony_n or_o tenement_n or_o if_o there_o be_v a_o enumeration_n of_o their_o part_n by_o distinct_a name_n which_o do_v not_o exclude_v other_o part_n though_o belong_v to_o none_o of_o the_o part_n enumerat_a there_o be_v only_o this_o difference_n that_o express_a infeftment_n be_v preferable_a to_o these_o which_o allege_v but_o part_n and_o pertinent_a much_o more_o if_o it_o be_v allege_v to_o be_v separatum_fw-la tenementum_fw-la require_v a_o distinct_a infeftment_n and_o yet_o prescription_n as_o part_v and_o pertinent_a will_v exclude_v a_o infeftment_n as_o a_o separate_a tenement_n but_o where_o there_o be_v march-stone_n set_v it_o be_v a_o great_a convenience_n to_o preserve_v peaceable_a possession_n and_o though_o it_o can_v be_v prove_v when_o these_o march_n be_v set_v yet_o their_o be_v repute_n as_o march-stone_n will_v be_v sufficient_a to_o defend_v at_o any_o time_n within_o prescription_n but_o land_n be_v ofttimes_o so_o large_a comprehend_v mure_n and_o mountain_n that_o march-stone_n can_v be_v set_v for_o remeid_v whereof_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n by_o a_o act_n of_o sederunt_fw-la 1580._o ratify_v in_o par._n 1587._o cap._n 42._o ordain_v all_o molestation_n in_o property_n or_o commontie_z in_o possessorso_fw-it to_o be_v before_o sheriff_n baily_n of_o regality_n and_o other_o inferior_a ordinar_n judge_n where_o the_o land_n lie_v and_o for_o that_o effect_n the_o lord_n will_v direct_v letter_n of_o cognition_n to_o proceed_v upon_o fifteen_o day_n warn_v by_o a_o inquest_n of_o person_n who_o best_o know_v the_o matter_n the_o most_o part_n thereof_o be_v landed-man_n have_v at_o least_o four_o plough_n of_o land_n or_o three_o hundred_o mark_n of_o irredeemable_a rent_n and_o the_o rest_n substantious_a famous_a zeamans_n of_o the_o same_o paroch_n and_o fail_v thereof_o of_o the_o paroch_n near_a adjacent_a and_o if_o both_o party_n have_v cognition_n raise_v before_o litiscontestation_n on_o either_o the_o half_a of_o the_o assyzer_n shall_v be_v take_v of_o these_o summon_v for_o either_o party_n or_o in_o case_n there_o be_v not_o a_o sufficient_a number_n of_o they_o habile_fw-la the_o judge_n shall_v supply_v the_o same_o and_o the_o odd_a man_n to_o be_v choose_v by_o lot_n which_o inquest_n shall_v visit_v the_o ground_n and_o shall_v return_v their_o verdict_n upon_o oath_n both_o upon_o the_o claim_n and_o exception_n of_o the_o party_n and_o in_o case_n the_o judge_n ordinar_n be_v suspect_v or_o that_o the_o land_n lie_v in_o divers_a jurisdiction_n the_o lord_n be_v to_o appoint_v unsuspect_v judge_n to_o be_v pass_v under_o the_o quarter_n seal_v there_o be_v only_o except_v the_o action_n belong_v to_o the_o member_n of_o the_o college_n of_o justice_n which_o be_v to_o be_v before_o the_o lord_n yet_o the_o lord_n be_v accustom_v to_o grant_v commission_n to_o some_o of_o their_o own_o number_n where_o question_n arise_v concern_v the_o part_n or_o march_n of_o tenement_n to_o visit_v the_o ground_n and_o there_o to_o receive_v witness_n hinc_fw-la inde_fw-la both_o as_o to_o possession_n and_o interruption_n which_o the_o lord_n do_v advise_v and_o determine_v without_o a_o inquest_n part_n of_o tenement_n in_o possessorio_fw-la be_v sustain_v by_o the_o present_a peaceable_a possession_n for_o some_o time_n for_o seven_o year_n peaceable_a possession_n will_v sustain_v the_o right_n of_o the_o whole_a till_o reduction_n and_o forty_o year_n possession_n as_o part_v and_o pertinent_a be_v sufficient_a in_o petitorio_fw-la for_o the_o point_n of_o right_n and_o will_v exclude_v a_o infeftment_n express_v yea_o though_o it_o be_v a_o infeftment_n as_o distinctum_fw-la tenementum_fw-la november_n 14._o 1671._o walter_z young_z contra_fw-la william_n carmichael_n but_o if_o there_o be_v interruption_n and_o that_o either_o party_n have_v have_v some_o possession_n the_o express_a infeftment_n will_v be_v preferable_a and_o any_o lawful_a interruption_n will_v preserve_v a_o infeftment_n of_o a_o separate_a tenement_n but_o if_o neither_o party_n be_v express_o infeft_v in_o the_o land_n in_o question_n interruption_n by_o either_o party_n will_v not_o exclude_v prescription_n because_o there_o be_v not_o a_o prior_n special_a right_n valid_a of_o itself_o without_o possession_n and_o therefore_o if_o both_o party_n have_v have_v mutual_a or_o promiscuous_a possession_n each_o possess_v when_o they_o can_v and_o turn_v off_o the_o other_o that_o part_n of_o the_o land_n so_o possess_v will_v continue_v as_o a_o promiscuous_a commontie_z which_o frequent_o fall_v out_o about_o the_o march_n of_o large_a tenement_n and_o be_v so_o determine_v betwixt_o the_o lord_n strathoord_n and_o sir_n thomas_n stuart_n of_o gairntully_n if_o neither_o party_n have_v a_o express_v or_o several_a infeftment_n discontiguity_n will_v not_o exclude_v part_n and_o pertinent_a though_o if_o the_o question_n be_v with_o he_o to_o who_o the_o land_n be_v contiguous_a less_o probation_n will_v prefer_v he_o craig_n l._n 2._o dieges_fw-fr 3._o relate_v a_o case_n in_o his_o time_n betwixt_o the_o earl_n of_o angus_n and_o hoom_n of_o polwart_n where_o discontiguity_n do_v not_o exclude_v part_n and_o pertinent_a not_o be_v know_v as_o a_o distinct_a tenement_n pertinent_o comprehend_v all_o the_o natural_a fruit_n for_o corn_n be_v account_v as_o movable_a and_o as_o no_o part_n of_o the_o ground_n as_o have_v be_v show_v in_o the_o former_a title_n section_n second_o and_o also_o all_o servitude_n so_o a_o servitude_n of_o a_o pasturage_n in_o another_o heretors_n wood_n be_v sustain_v as_o a_o pertinent_a by_o long_a possession_n spot_n servitude_n laird_n of_o knockdolian_n contra_fw-la tenant_n of_o partick_n and_o part_n and_o pertinent_a be_v express_v in_o a_o minute_n of_o sale_n it_o be_v find_v to_o carry_v common_a pasturage_n in_o a_o mure_n which_o be_v a_o commontie_z to_o a_o barony_n whereof_o the_o land_n sell_v be_v a_o part_n february_n 14._o 1668._o william_n borthwick_n contra_fw-la lord_n borthwick_n and_o in_o the_o case_n betwixt_o the_o laird_n of_o hain_v and_o town_n of_o selkirk_n decide_v february_n 15._o 1668._o a_o barony_n of_o the_o king_n cum_fw-la pertinentibus_fw-la &_o cum_fw-la pascuis_fw-la &_o pasturis_fw-la be_v find_v to_o carry_v common_a pasturage_n in_o the_o mure_n of_o the_o barony_n and_o that_o the_o last_o forty_o year_n possession_n do_v presume_v the_o like_a possession_n in_o the_o fevar_n from_o the_o obtain_n their_o feve_n and_o that_o interruption_n by_o the_o town_n who_o infeftment_n be_v but_o general_a cum_fw-la communiis_fw-la do_v not_o exclude_v the_o pasturage_n of_o the_o fever_n who_o have_v also_o make_v interruption_n against_o the_o town_n 74._o craig_n l._n 2._o dieges_fw-fr 8._o debate_n this_o question_n whether_o wood_n and_o coal_n be_v part_n of_o the_o ground_n or_o only_o pertinent_a as_o fruit_n thereof_o for_o if_o these_o be_v part_n of_o the_o ground_n conjunct-feers_a or_o liferenter_n will_v have_v no_o share_n thereof_o nor_o donatar_n of_o ward_n nonentry_n or_o liferent-escheat_n so_o that_o the_o question_n be_v very_o important_a wherein_o he_o relate_v two_o decision_n one_o betwixt_o the_o lord_n seatoun_n and_o his_o mother_n who_o be_v serve_v to_o a_o terce_n be_v find_v to_o have_v right_a to_o the_o three_o of_o a_o coal-work_n constant_o go_v for_o sale_n in_o the_o defunct_n time_n and_o another_o betwixt_o ramsay_n of_o dalhousie_n and_o mary_n ballantine_n his_o predecessor_n relict_n in_o relation_n to_o a_o wood_n which_o the_o fire_n be_v find_v to_o have_v the_o only_a right_o to_o sell_v and_o
needs_o only_o take_v infeftment_n of_o the_o great_a interest_n 18._o the_o first_o and_o most_o common_a casuality_n of_o superiority_n be_v nonentry_n whereby_o the_o fee_n be_v void_a and_o no_o infeftment_n renew_v thereof_o through_o the_o vassal_n neglect_v be_v capable_a of_o entry_n thereto_o the_o profit_v thereof_o belong_v to_o the_o superior_a by_o the_o common_a feudal_n custom_n there_o be_v not_o only_o a_o investiture_n requisite_a at_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o fee_n but_o it_o behove_v to_o be_v renew_v either_o at_o the_o change_n of_o the_o vassal_n or_o at_o the_o change_n of_o the_o superior_a guidilinus_n de_fw-fr jure_fw-la nov_fw-mi pars_fw-la 2._o cap._n 6._o zoesius_fw-la de_fw-la feudis_fw-la cap._n 12._o but_o our_o custom_n require_v no_o infeftment_n at_o the_o change_n of_o the_o superior_a but_o only_o at_o the_o change_n of_o the_o vassal_n for_o we_o require_v no_o oath_n of_o fidelity_n but_o fidelity_n itself_o be_v import_v due_a without_o a_o oath_n but_o elsewhere_o that_o oath_n be_v require_v and_o be_v personal_a it_o ought_v to_o be_v renew_v both_o at_o the_o change_n of_o the_o vassal_n and_o of_o the_o superior_a but_o with_o we_o there_o be_v no_o fee_n without_o infeftment_n nulla_fw-la sasina_fw-la nusla_fw-la terra_fw-la therefore_o the_o vassal_n must_v have_v the_o infeftment_n renew_v the_o renovation_n of_o infeftment_n to_o heir_n in_o france_n and_o england_n be_v not_o requisite_a but_o 〈◊〉_d sasit_fw-la 〈◊〉_d as_o they_o express_v it_o by_o which_o a_o special_a retour_fw-fr perfect_v the_o heir_n right_a in_o his_o fee_n with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o ease_n which_o be_v not_o consonant_a to_o the_o common_a feudal_n custom_n whereby_o if_o the_o vassal_n within_o year_n and_o day_n after_o his_o predecessor_n death_n require_v not_o to_o be_v enter_v by_o his_o superior_a and_o offer_v his_o fidelity_n he_o forefault_n his_o fee_n l._n 2._o feudorum_fw-la tit_n 24._o which_o severity_n we_o use_v not_o for_o the_o vassal_n lose_v not_o his_o fee_n by_o nonentry_n nor_o the_o whole_a fruit_n of_o it_o during_o that_o time_n but_o our_o custom_n be_v such_o if_o by_o any_o mean_v the_o fee_n be_v void_a the_o vassal_n right_o cease_v during_o that_o time_n and_o the_o fee_n be_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o superior_a and_o therefore_o in_o retour_n to_o that_o article_n of_o the_o brieve_n it_o be_v answer_v that_o the_o land_n be_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o such_o a_o man_n superior_a and_o though_o the_o infeftment_n of_o the_o predecessor_n against_o other_o than_o the_o superior_a be_v sufficient_a to_o maintain_v the_o right_n and_o possession_n of_o the_o vassal_n as_o to_o his_o superior_a it_o have_v no_o effect_n at_o all_o after_o special_a declarator_n till_o the_o vassal_n enter_v the_o fee_n may_v be_v thus_o void_a first_o by_o the_o minority_n of_o the_o heir_n whereby_o he_o can_v enter_v by_o reason_n of_o ward_n but_o this_o be_v express_v by_o the_o name_n of_o ward_n and_o nonentry_n though_o it_o may_v signify_v the_o fee_n be_v void_a whether_o necessary_o or_o voluntary_o yet_o it_o be_v appropriate_a to_o the_o latter_a and_o contra_fw-la distinguish_v to_o ward_n the_o fee_n become_v void_a by_o the_o voluntary_a outly_v of_o the_o vassal_n heir_n or_o by_o the_o vassal_n resignation_n in_o the_o hand_n of_o his_o superior_a for_o new_a infeftment_n to_o be_v give_v to_o himself_o or_o to_o any_o other_o for_o till_o that_o infeftment_n be_v take_v the_o fee_n be_v also_o in_o nonentry_n for_o in_o that_o case_n the_o resignation_n put_v the_o fee_n in_o the_o superior_n hand_n upon_o who_o there_o be_v a_o obligement_n to_o renew_v the_o infeftment_n to_o the_o person_n in_o who_o favour_n the_o resignation_n be_v grant_v upon_o which_o he_o may_v be_v compel_v by_o a_o personal_a action_n so_o to_o do_v and_o which_o be_v carry_v to_o that_o person_n heir_n by_o a_o general_a service_n as_o other_o personal_a heritable_a right_n or_o disposition_n 19_o or_o by_o the_o reduction_n or_o nullity_n of_o the_o infeftment_n or_o retour_fw-fr of_o any_o person_n former_o infeft_v which_o be_v more_o rigorous_a than_o the_o rest_n see_v the_o vassal_n have_v thereby_o a_o colourable_a title_n and_o be_v bonae_fw-la fidei_fw-la possessor_n see_v reduction_n use_v not_o to_o be_v draw_v back_o adpraeterita_fw-la so_o reduction_n of_o retour_n be_v sustain_v at_o the_o superior_n instance_n to_o give_v he_o the_o benefit_n of_o nonentry_n july_n 12._o 1625._o lord_n cathcart_n contra_fw-la laird_n of_o kerse_n februany_n last_o 1628._o earl_n of_o nithisdail_n contra_fw-la westraw_n and_o therefore_o it_o must_v be_v consider_v what_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o right_n will_v import_v if_o nonentry_n have_v its_o rise_n from_o ingratitude_n or_o a_o penalty_n with_o we_o by_o the_o negligence_n of_o the_o vassal_n it_o can_v hardly_o take_v place_n in_o this_o case_n for_o unless_o such_o infeftment_n have_v proceed_v upon_o the_o fraud_n or_o gross_a ignorance_n of_o the_o vassal_n himself_o it_o can_v not_o be_v call_v voluntary_a nonentry_n which_o stand_v upon_o some_o informality_n unknown_a to_o the_o vassal_n or_o his_o predecessor_n but_o see_v the_o ground_n of_o this_o nonentry_n be_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o right_n which_o can_v consist_v without_o infeftment_n therefore_o by_o such_o nullity_n it_o must_v follow_v that_o while_o there_o be_v no_o infeftment_n or_o a_o nats_n infeftment_n the_o vassal_n have_v no_o interest_n neither_o will_v there_o be_v hazard_n of_o rigour_n because_o it_o can_v but_o extend_v to_o the_o retoured_a duty_n and_o be_v eleided_a by_o all_o the_o way_n that_o other_o non-entry_n be_v and_o special_o by_o the_o superior_n homologation_n of_o the_o infeftment_n if_o the_o nullity_n be_v in_o prejudice_n of_o the_o superior_a as_o when_o land_n be_v retour_v to_o less_o retour_fw-fr mail_n than_o the_o due_a or_o feu-duty_n or_o other_o duty_n in_o the_o reddenda_fw-la be_v diminish_v for_o it_o be_v not_o rare_a that_o that_o which_o be_v null_a as_o to_o some_o person_n and_o case_n may_v be_v valid_a as_o to_o other_o from_o these_o nullity_n be_v injury_n to_o the_o superior_a nonentry_n will_v follow_v if_o there_o be_v no_o valid_a seasine_n then_o nonentry_n will_v take_v place_n though_o charter_n and_o precept_n be_v grant_v voluntary_o see_v seasine_n be_v not_o take_v thereupon_o 20._o nonentry_n take_v place_n whenever_o the_o fee_n be_v void_a whether_o it_o be_v hold_v ward_n blanch_n or_o feu_n but_o that_o which_o be_v hold_v in_o burgage_n or_o be_v mortify_v require_v no_o renovation_n of_o the_o infeftment_n because_o society_n and_o incorporation_n die_v not_o which_o be_v extend_v to_o the_o particular_a tenement_n within_o burgh_n hold_v burgage_n which_o be_v thereby_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n and_o the_o magistrate_n of_o the_o burgh_n give_v the_o infeftment_n as_o his_o baily_n 21._o the_o effect_n of_o nonentry_n be_v attain_v by_o a_o declarator_n of_o nonentry_n the_o style_n whereof_o bear_v that_o the_o tenement_n be_v void_a by_o the_o death_n of_o such_o a_o person_n who_o die_v last_o infeft_v and_o aught_o to_o be_v so_o declare_v and_o that_o the_o fruit_n and_o profit_n thereof_o do_v belong_v to_o the_o superior_a by_o reason_n of_o nonentry_n yet_o because_o the_o case_n of_o the_o vassal_n be_v favourable_a decreet_a be_v only_o grant_v declare_v the_o nonentry_n and_o find_v only_o the_o feu-duty_n due_a in_o land_n hold_v feu_n july_n 19_o 1631._o earl_n of_o kinghorn_n contra_fw-la george_n strang_n or_o the_o retoured_a male_n in_o land_n hold_v ward_n or_o blansh_a which_o have_v any_o such_o retour_fw-fr or_o otherways_o the_o whole_a duty_n of_o the_o fee_n be_v carry_v the_o reason_n hereof_o be_v because_o feve_n be_v location_n and_o the_o feu-duty_n be_v the_o rent_n or_o pension_n and_o therefore_o in_o favorabilibus_fw-la that_o be_v interpret_v to_o be_v the_o rent_n so_o likewise_o in_o other_o land_n the_o retour_fw-fr be_v a_o valuation_n of_o the_o land_n as_o they_o be_v worth_a and_o pay_v at_o that_o time_n the_o first_o whereof_o be_v call_v the_o old_a extent_n and_o it_o be_v express_v by_o merk-land_n or_o pound-land_n the_o other_o be_v the_o new_a retour_fw-fr which_o though_o it_o be_v different_a in_o divers_a shire_n yet_o be_v once_o a_o rent_n in_o this_o favourable_a case_n the_o general_a declarator_n reach_v no_o further_o yea_o though_o there_o be_v no_o retour_fw-fr of_o the_o particular_a parcel_n of_o land_n in_o question_n yet_o if_o there_o be_v a_o retour_fw-fr of_o the_o tenement_n or_o barony_n whereof_o it_o be_v a_o part_n that_o common_a retour_fw-fr will_n be_v divide_v according_a to_o the_o present_a rent_n and_o a_o proportion_n thereof_o state_v upon_o this_o parcel_n as_o its_o retour_fw-fr as_o be_v find_v in_o the_o former_a case_n earl_n of_o kinghorn_n
of_o the_o statute_n be_v to_o satisfy_v creditor_n by_o a_o judicial_a alienation_n of_o the_o debtor_n land_n ex_fw-la paritate_fw-la rationis_fw-la it_o be_v extend_v against_o the_o debtor_n appearand_a heir_n who_o be_v charge_v to_o enter_z heir_n do_v not_o enter_v and_o therefore_o land_n be_v adjudge_v from_o he_o to_o which_o he_o may_v have_v enter_v either_o for_o his_o predecessor_n debt_n or_o his_o own_o whereupon_o the_o superior_a be_v discern_v to_o receive_v the_o creditor_n adjudger_n whether_o for_o sum_n of_o money_n or_o for_o implement_n of_o disposition_n and_o obliegement_n to_o infeft_a but_o the_o custom_n allow_v not_o a_o year_n rend_v to_o superior_n for_o receive_v adjudger_n till_o the_o year_n rend_v be_v also_o extend_v to_o adjudication_n by_o act_n of_o parliament_n decem._n 3._o 1669._o the_o lord_n of_o session_n have_v always_o take_v latitude_n in_o the_o modification_n of_o the_o year_n rend_v especial_o if_o the_o sum_n apprise_v or_o adjudge_v for_o be_v small_a and_o the_o land_n he_o great_a and_o they_o have_v allow_v the_o appryzer_n or_o adjudger_n his_o option_n during_o the_o legal_a to_o take_v infeftment_n or_o not_o and_o yet_o not_o to_o be_v exclude_v from_o the_o rent_n of_o the_o land_n till_o he_o be_v satisfy_v decem._n 3._o 1672._o mr._n hendry_n hay_o contra_fw-la laird_n of_o farlstoun_n vide_fw-la tit._n 13._o §_o 29._o but_o the_o appryzer_n run_v that_o hazard_n that_o if_o the_o debtor_n die_v before_o he_o be_v satisfy_v if_o the_o land_n be_v hold_v ward_n it_o will_v fall_v in_o ward_n and_o relief_n by_o the_o debtor_n death_n and_o in_o nonentry_n for_o there_o be_v no_o reason_n that_o the_o casualty_n of_o the_o superiority_n shall_v neither_o fall_v by_o the_o appryzer_n nor_o by_o the_o debtor_n there_o be_v not_o the_o like_a reason_n that_o the_o liferent-escheat_n of_o the_o debtor_n shall_v exclude_v the_o appryzer_n if_o it_o fall_v after_o the_o apprize_a and_o charge_n for_o the_o liferent-escheat_n fall_v to_o the_o superior_a with_o all_o the_o burden_n which_o affect_v it_o by_o the_o vassal_n even_o with_o the_o burden_n of_o his_o tack_n and_o therefore_o apprize_a with_o a_o charge_n way_n be_v as_o effectual_a as_o these_o july_n 24._o 1632._o james_n rule_n con_fw-mi laird_n of_o billie_n the_o superior_a can_v have_v only_o one_o year_n rent_n from_o all_o the_o appryzer_n or_o adjudger_n but_o now_o since_o appryzer_n and_o adjudger_n within_o year_n and_o day_n come_v in_o pari_fw-la passu_fw-la where_o one_o need_v only_o to_o be_v infeft_v or_o to_o charge_n there_o be_v less_o reason_n to_o give_v a_o easy_a modification_n of_o the_o year_n rend_v to_o the_o first_o appryzer_n or_o adjudger_n insist_v for_o infeftment_n then_o before_o because_o one_o infeftment_n serve_v for_o all_o and_o he_o who_o advance_v the_o same_o get_v relief_n of_o the_o rest_n before_o they_o have_v access_n to_o the_o rent_n 33._o the_o prime_a casulity_n of_o fee_n be_v ward_n which_o be_v not_o competent_a to_o all_o superior_n ward_n be_v only_o competent_a in_o fee_n hold_v in_o military_a service_n which_o have_v their_o denomination_n from_o this_o casuality_n be_v therefore_o call_v ward-holdings_a and_o that_o not_o by_o the_o tenor_n of_o the_o investiture_n which_o seldom_o mention_v ward_n but_o by_o the_o nature_n of_o it_o for_o when_o the_o fee_n be_v holdeu_o for_o military_a service_n or_o as_o the_o english_a better_a express_v by_o knight_n service_n extend_v not_o only_a to_o follow_v in_o war_n but_o to_o council_n and_o assistance_n in_o peace_n then_o when_o the_o vassal_n be_v unfit_a for_o such_o service_n the_o fee_n be_v open_a and_o remain_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o superior_a or_o his_o donatar_n and_o though_o this_o capacity_n may_v be_v in_o some_o soon_o yet_o it_o be_v fix_v in_o man_n to_o their_o majority_n at_o twenty_o one_o year_n complete_a and_o in_o woman_n till_o they_o become_v fourteen_o year_n complete_a for_o than_o they_o be_v capable_a of_o husband_n who_o may_v do_v the_o service_n require_v in_o the_o fee_n decem._n 20._o 1609._o and_o jan._n 27._o 1610._o lady_n kilbirnie_n contra_fw-la the_o heir_n of_o fairlie_n what_o fee_n be_v hold_v ward_n we_o have_v clear_v in_o the_o former_a title_n it_o now_o remain_v that_o we_o hold_v forth_o the_o effect_n of_o this_o casuality_n 24._o ward_n reach_v the_o custody_n of_o the_o person_n and_o of_o his_o land_n hold_v ward_n it_o have_v its_o denomination_n rather_o from_o the_o former_a for_o ward_n be_v as_o much_o as_o guard_n or_o custody_n the_o superior_a or_o his_o donatar_n be_v by_o the_o nature_n of_o this_o right_n as_o a_o tutor_n to_o the_o vassal_n heir_n craig_n observe_v that_o he_o be_v preserable_a to_o all_o other_o tutor_n except_o only_o the_o father_n of_o the_o heir_n who_o fee_n descend_v by_o the_o mother_n or_o some_o other_o person_n and_o that_o he_o be_v oblige_v as_o other_o tutor_n to_o pursue_v the_o right_n of_o the_o heir_n but_o the_o course_n of_o time_n have_v turn_v this_o right_n from_o its_o ancient_a institution_n so_o that_o the_o superior_a have_v less_o enjoyment_n of_o service_n but_o more_o of_o profit_n of_o the_o fee_n there_o be_v the_o less_o regard_n to_o the_o pupil_n education_n with_o or_o by_o the_o superior_a to_o the_o effect_n he_o may_v be_v fit_v for_o his_o service_n and_o therefore_o other_o tutor_n not_o only_o for_o the_o administration_n of_o the_o pupilsmean_n but_o even_o for_o the_o custody_n and_o education_n of_o his_o person_n will_v be_v prefer_v though_o of_o old_a the_o donatar_n of_o the_o ward_n be_v prefer_v to_o the_o tutor_n in_o custody_n of_o the_o pupil_n person_n sinclar_n june_n 15._o 1543._o laird_n auchname_n contra_fw-la laird_n of_o elphinstoun_n ledingtoun_n march_n 16._o 1565._o and_o july_n 12._o 1566._o weir_n contra_fw-la lochart_n yet_o late_a decision_n have_v favour_v tutor_n more_o and_o prefer_v they_o nicol._n ubi_fw-la pupuli_fw-la educari_fw-la mr._n james_n chalmers_n contra_fw-la elizabeth_n howstoun_n lady_n gadgirth_n neither_o have_v i_o ever_o observe_v that_o superior_n or_o their_o donatar_n be_v make_v liable_a as_o tutor_n for_o administration_n of_o their_o pupil_n affair_n 35._o the_o main_a effect_n of_o ward_n than_o be_v that_o thereby_o the_o superior_a or_o his_o donatar_n have_v during_o that_o time_n the_o full_a fruit_n and_o profit_n of_o the_o fee_n and_o may_v remove_v tenant_n and_o do_v all_o other_o deed_n that_o the_o proprietar_n may_v have_v do_v and_o be_v accustom_v to_o do_v as_o to_o continue_v the_o profit_n of_o a_o wood_n if_o there_o be_v constant_a cut_n as_o be_v divide_v in_o so_o many_o hag_n that_o the_o first_o be_v ready_a by_o the_o last_o be_v cut_v or_o go_v heugh_n as_o they_o be_v accustom_v by_o the_o vassal_n but_o he_o cannor_n cut_v more_o than_o the_o accustom_a yearly_a hag_n of_o wood_n or_o put_v in_o more_o coalzier_n than_o the_o vassal_n have_v at_o his_o death_n and_o ordinary_o before_o and_o he_o may_v remove_v and_o in_o put_v tenant_n and_o that_o without_o any_o precede_a declarator_n or_o favourable_a account_n esteem_v the_o retour_fw-fr mail_n for_o the_o rent_n as_o in_o nonentry_n but_o he_o may_v immediate_o pursue_v action_n for_o mail_n and_o duty_n remove_v etc._n etc._n unless_o the_o ward_n be_v tax_v and_o then_o the_o superior_a can_v have_v no_o more_o than_o the_o duty_n to_o which_o it_o be_v tax_v but_o for_o it_o he_o have_v not_o only_o the_o vassal_n and_o all_o intromettor_n with_o the_o fruit_n personal_o but_o he_o may_v also_o poynd_v the_o ground_n for_o the_o tax_v duty_n as_o craig_n affirm_v in_o this_o title_n 36._o yet_o the_o reach_n of_o the_o ward_n by_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o fee_n can_v extend_v to_o alienation_n or_o consumption_n of_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o fee_n or_o any_o part_n or_o pertinent_a thereof_o and_o this_o be_v clear_v by_o the_o statute_n parliament_n 1491._o cap._n 25._o whereby_o donatar_n must_v find_v caution_n not_o to_o destroy_v the_o biggings_n wood_n stank_n park_n meadow_n or_o dovecoat_n but_o to_o keep_v they_o in_o such_o kind_a as_o they_o get_v they_o ward_n be_v also_o restrain_v by_o the_o statute_n confirm_v feve_n of_o which_o former_o and_o these_o stand_v valid_a against_o the_o superior_a during_o the_o ward_n so_o do_v also_o all_o infeftment_n hold_v of_o he_o either_o by_o resignation_n or_o confirmation_n but_o not_o infeftment_n to_o be_v hold_v of_o his_o vassal_n unless_o confirm_v by_o he_o for_o albeit_o confirmation_n by_o the_o king_n which_o pass_v of_o course_n do_v not_o take_v away_o the_o casualty_n of_o ward_n etc._n etc._n of_o the_o king_n vassal_n which_o affect_v the_o fee_n of_o the_o sub-vassal_n yet_o the_o confirmation_n of_o other_o superior_n of_o sub-vassal_n
receive_v he_o 12._o terce_n be_v the_o three_o of_o the_o tenement_n in_o which_o the_o husband_n die_v infeft_v as_o of_o fee_n provide_v to_o his_o wife_n survive_v by_o law_n or_o custom_n though_o there_o be_v no_o provision_n or_o paction_n for_o that_o purpose_n the_o original_n hereof_o as_o have_v be_v show_v before_o among_o the_o interest_n of_o marriage_n be_v from_o that_o obligation_n upon_o the_o husband_n to_o provide_v for_o his_o wife_n which_o therefore_o positive_a law_n have_v determine_v to_o a_o three_o of_o his_o movable_n if_o there_o be_v child_n in_o the_o family_n and_o if_o there_o be_v none_o to_o a_o half_a but_o in_o either_o case_n she_o have_v a_o three_o of_o his_o tenement_n and_o though_o as_o craig_n observe_v by_o our_o ancient_a custom_n terce_n extend_v only_o to_o a_o three_o of_o the_o tenement_n a_o husband_n have_v the_o time_n of_o the_o marriage_n yet_o since_o it_o extend_v to_o a_o three_o of_o those_o he_o stand_v infeft_v in_o as_o of_o fee_n the_o time_n of_o his_o death_n and_o so_o when_o he_o be_v denude_v before_o his_o death_n the_o terce_n be_v exclude_v yea_o a_o base_a infeftment_n without_o possession_n grant_v by_o a_o husband_n to_o his_o creditor_n be_v find_v to_o exclude_v his_o wife_n from_o a_o terce_n of_o that_o land_n january_n 27._o 1669._o bell_n of_o belford_n contra_fw-la lady_n rutherford_n this_o provision_n of_o law_n be_v more_o equitable_a and_o proportionable_a then_o ordinary_o be_v their_o provision_n by_o contract_n of_o the_o husband_n who_o be_v carry_v with_o affection_n do_v ofttimes_o provide_v his_o wife_n to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o their_o child_n and_o ruin_n of_o their_o estate_n which_o this_o terce_n keep_v always_o proportionable_a and_o make_v the_o wife_n sharer_n of_o the_o industry_n and_o fortune_n of_o the_o man_n and_o therefore_o more_o careful_a over_o it_o and_o upon_o the_o contrary_a give_v out_o but_o small_a provision_n to_o their_o wife_n at_o their_o marriage_n when_o ofttimes_o they_o do_v but_o begin_v to_o have_v estate_n which_o they_o increase_v not_o according_a to_o the_o increase_n of_o their_o fortune_n but_o the_o law_n do_v more_o fit_o order_v the_o wife_n provision_n to_o be_v increase_v or_o decrease_v according_a to_o the_o condition_n of_o the_o man_n 13._o the_o terce_n take_v place_n ordinary_o where_o the_o husband_n die_v infeft_v as_o of_o fee_n and_o it_o have_v no_o effect_n till_o the_o widow_n take_v brieve_v out_o of_o the_o chancelery_n direct_v to_o sheriff_n or_o baily_n to_o call_v a_o inquest_n of_o fifteen_o swear_a man_n and_o thereby_o to_o serve_v the_o brieve_n which_o have_v two_o head_n the_o one_o that_o the_o bearer_n be_v lawful_a wife_n to_o the_o defunct_a the_o other_o that_o he_o die_v in_o fee_n of_o such_o tenemnt_n this_o be_v a_o pleadable_a brieve_n and_o have_v no_o retour_fw-fr but_o service_n alone_o be_v sufficient_a enough_o to_o give_v the_o wife_n interest_n that_o other_o liferenter_n have_v it_o be_v special_o statute_n that_o where_o the_o marriage_n be_v not_o question_v in_o the_o husband_n life_n and_o the_o widow_n be_v hold_v and_o repute_v his_o lawful_a wife_n in_o his_o time_n no_o exception_n in_o the_o contrary_n shall_v be_v sustain_v in_o the_o service_n of_o the_o brieve_n but_o she_o shall_v be_v serve_v and_o enjoy_v the_o terce_n till_o it_o be_v declare_v in_o a_o petitory_a judgement_n that_o she_o be_v not_o lawful_a wife_n par._n 1503._o cap._n 77._o 14._o the_o brieve_v be_v thus_o serve_v the_o sheriff_n or_o bailiff_n must_v also_o if_o it_o be_v demand_v ken_v the_o relict_n to_o her_o terce_n which_o be_v ordinary_o do_v by_o the_o sun_n or_o the_o shade_n that_o be_v whether_o the_o division_n shall_v begin_v at_o the_o east_n or_o the_o west_n and_o so_o the_o division_n of_o the_o tenement_n proceed_v by_o aikers_n two_o befalling_a to_o the_o heir_n and_o one_o to_o the_o relict_n wherein_o there_o ought_v to_o be_v march_n set_v and_o instrument_n take_v thereupon_o which_o be_v as_o a_o seasine_a but_o this_o division_n be_v most_o inconvenient_a except_o the_o whole_a interest_n be_v use_v to_o be_v set_v in_o aikerdale_n it_o be_v not_o exclusive_a of_o other_o division_n by_o the_o worth_n of_o the_o land_n or_o the_o rent_n so_o many_o room_n be_v design_v for_o the_o tercer_n the_o rest_n remain_v for_o the_o fire_n this_o way_n of_o ken_n will_v be_v valid_a and_o much_o better_a but_o it_o be_v not_o necessary_a to_o divide_v at_o serve_v the_o brieve_n to_o constitute_v the_o terce_n for_o the_o service_n give_v sufficient_a title_n to_o the_o three_o of_o the_o mail_n and_o duty_n of_o every_o room_n march_v 5._o 1632._o relic_n of_o veatch_n of_o dawick_n contra_fw-la 15._o but_o that_o thereby_o she_o can_v remove_v possessor_n be_v because_o she_o brook_v the_o terce_n pro_fw-la indiviso_fw-la with_o the_o heir_n till_o it_o be_v be_v kenned_a or_o otherways_o divide_v and_o the_o terce_n be_v serve_v give_v right_o not_o only_o to_o the_o year_n thereafter_o but_o precede_v since_o the_o husband_n death_n november_n 20._o 1624._o tenant_n contra_fw-la crawford_n and_o fleming_n and_o so_o the_o tercer_n may_v pursue_v the_o heretor_fw-la or_o other_o intromettor_n for_o all_o by-gones_a of_o the_o three_o of_o the_o duty_n not_o as_o they_o be_v at_o the_o husband_n death_n but_o as_o they_o be_v better_v by_o the_o fire_n feb._n 13._o 1628._o countess_z of_o dumfermling_n contra_fw-la earl_n of_o dumfermling_n and_o that_o without_o deduction_n of_o factor-fee_n march_v 27._o 1634._o inter_fw-la eosdem_fw-la the_o tercer_n be_v serve_v have_v interest_n to_o pursue_v for_o commission_n to_o cognosce_fw-la pasturage_n land_n what_o soum_n they_o may_v hold_v that_o she_o may_v have_v the_o three_o soum_n or_o else_o to_o divide_v january_n 18._o 1628._o contra_fw-la mackenzie_n the_o division_n of_o the_o terce_n from_o the_o two_o three_o may_v be_v in_o the_o most_o convenient_a way_n wherein_o all_o dwelling-house_n or_o kiln_n and_o barn_n and_o other_o house_n for_o service_n will_v come_v in_o as_o they_o may_v be_v most_o convenient_o divide_v this_o be_v the_o most_o ordinary_a way_n of_o terce_n by_o service_n as_o say_v be_v when_o the_o husband_n die_v infeft_v in_o fee_n 16._o terce_n take_v place_n not_o only_o in_o land_n but_o also_o in_o annualrent_n wherein_o the_o husband_n die_v infeft_v as_o of_o fee_n novemb_n 30._o 1627._o tenant_n of_o easthouses_n contra_fw-la hepburn_n but_o not_o to_o the_o terce_n of_o annualrent_n of_o band_n whereupon_o no_o infeftment_n follow_v june_n 24._o 1663._o elizabeth_n scrimzeour_n contra_fw-la murrays_n it_o be_v also_o extend_v to_o infeftment_n of_o teind_n feb._n 13._o 1628._o countess_z of_o dumfermling_n contra_fw-la earl_n of_o dumfermling_n but_o it_o be_v not_o extend_v to_o tenement_n or_o land_n within_o burgh_n or_o hold_v burgage_n neither_o to_o superiority_n or_o feu-duty_n or_o other_o casualty_n thereof_o nor_o to_o tack_n ibidem_fw-la neither_o to_o patronage_n or_o advocation_n of_o kirk_n neither_o do_v terce_n extend_v to_o reversion_n if_o the_o fire_n who_o land_n be_v liable_a to_o a_o terce_n die_v and_o his_o wife_n have_v right_a to_o another_o terce_n which_o be_v call_v the_o lesser_a terce_n though_o the_o husband_n die_v infeft_v as_o of_o fee_n of_o the_o whole_a tenement_n she_o have_v not_o a_o three_o of_o the_o whole_a but_o a_o three_o of_o these_o two_o three_o which_o be_v unaffected_a with_o the_o great_a terce_n till_o the_o former_a tercers_n death_n craig_n lib._n 2._o diege_n 22._o propose_v two_o case_n in_o which_o the_o relict_n will_v have_v a_o terce_n though_o the_o husband_n die_v not_o infeft_v as_o of_o fee_n the_o first_o be_v if_o the_o husband_n infeft_v his_o appearand_a heir_n in_o his_o estate_n if_o there_o be_v no_o liferent_a provide_v to_o his_o wife_n by_o a_o contract_n in_o that_o case_n the_o relict_n will_v have_v a_o terce_n which_o be_v most_o just_a albeit_o it_o will_v not_o proceed_v summary_o by_o a_o brieve_n which_o bear_v only_o warrant_v for_o a_o terce_n of_o the_o tenement_n in_o which_o the_o husband_n die_v infeft_v as_o of_o fee_n but_o it_o may_v proceed_v by_o reduction_n or_o declarator_n and_o will_v not_o only_o have_v effect_n against_o the_o appearand_a heir_n but_o against_o any_o gratuitous_a disposition_n reserve_v the_o husband_n own_o liferent_a for_o such_o deed_n will_v be_v find_v fraudulent_a and_o contrary_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o obligation_n of_o husband_n to_o provide_v their_o wife_n unless_o there_o remain_v tenement_n out_o of_o which_o a_o reasonable_a terce_n may_v remain_v to_o the_o relict_n according_a to_o her_o quality_n the_o other_o case_n be_v when_o a_o father_n by_o his_o son_n contract_v of_o marriage_n be_v oblige_v to_o infeft_a his_o son_n
out_o a_o terce_n of_o wodset_a land_n wherein_o the_o husband_n die_v infeft_v be_v not_o find_v ely_v because_o the_o husband_n require_v or_o charge_v for_o the_o money_n not_o be_v denude_v before_o his_o death_n feb._n 16._o 1642._o veich_n contra_fw-la veich_n of_o dawick_n but_o the_o wife_n three_o continue_v as_o to_o the_o three_o of_o the_o annualrent_a of_o the_o money_n in_o lieu_n of_o the_o land_n redeem_a by_o the_o heir_n after_o his_o predecessor_n death_n terce_n be_v not_o exclude_v by_o ward_n non_fw-fr entry_n or_o liferent-escheat_n of_o the_o husband_n as_o have_v be_v more_o full_o show_v before_o title_n superiority_n 18._o terce_n be_v burden_v proportianal_o by_o all_o debita_fw-la fundi_fw-la affect_v the_o whole_a tenement_n as_o annualrent_n thirlage_n pasturage_n but_o with_o no_o other_o debt_n of_o the_o defunct_a be_v personal_a though_o they_o be_v heritable_a and_o have_v provision_n of_o infeftment_n 19_o liferent_a by_o the_o courtesy_n or_o curiliaty_n of_o scotland_n be_v the_o liferent_a competent_a to_o the_o husband_n of_o the_o wife_n land_n and_o hereditament_n it_o be_v introduce_v by_o our_o common_a law_n which_o be_v our_o most_o ancient_a custom_n wheroef_n no_o beginning_n be_v know_v in_o the_o same_o way_n as_o the_o terce_n of_o the_o survive_a wife_n whereby_o without_o any_o paction_n or_o provision_n 〈◊〉_d enjoy_v the_o three_o of_o her_o decease_a husband_n heritable_a right_n wherein_o he_o 〈◊〉_d invest_v as_o of_o fee_n during_o her_o life_n so_o the_o husband_n liferent_n the_o whole_a land_n and_o hereditament_n of_o the_o wife_n wherein_o she_o die_v infeft_v in_o fee_n and_o that_o without_o any_o service_n or_o ken_n as_o in_o terce_n but_o summary_o by_o virtue_n of_o his_o have_v be_v husband_n to_o the_o defunct_a neither_o be_v there_o any_o difference_n whether_o the_o defunct_a wife_n have_v a_o prior_n husband_n or_o not_o or_o whether_o her_o hereditament_n be_v ward_n blensh_fw-mi feu_fw-fr or_o burgage_n the_o original_n of_o this_o liferent_a by_o the_o courtesy_n as_o craig_n observe_v lib._n 2._o diege_n 22._o be_v from_o the_o rescript_n of_o the_o emperor_n constantine_n whereby_o the_o father_n have_v the_o usufruct_v of_o the_o heretage_n of_o his_o child_n befalling_a to_o they_o as_o heir_n to_o their_o mother_n and_o therefore_o the_o courtesy_n take_v no_o place_n but_o where_o there_o be_v child_n of_o the_o marriage_n one_o or_o more_o which_o attain_v that_o maturity_n as_o to_o be_v hear_v cry_n or_o weep_v for_o then_o the_o law_n regard_v not_o how_o long_o the_o child_n live_v or_o whether_o they_o do_v survive_v their_o mother_n but_o hoc_fw-la ipso_fw-la that_o they_o be_v bear_v at_o maturity_n they_o be_v heir_n appearand_a of_o the_o fee_n and_o the_o liferent_a be_v establish_v in_o their_o father_n in_o this_o the_o courtesy_n of_o husband_n differ_v from_o the_o terce_n of_o wife_n for_o the_o wife_n have_v her_o terce_n if_o either_o the_o marriage_n continue_v undissolved_a year_n and_o day_n or_o though_o it_o continue_v not_o so_o long_o if_o a_o child_n be_v bear_v of_o the_o marriage_n hear_v cry_v and_o weep_v though_o the_o child_n have_v be_v beget_v before_o the_o marriage_n yea_o though_o it_o have_v be_v bear_v before_o the_o marriage_n be_v legitimat_fw-la by_o the_o subsequent_a marriage_n how_o short_a soever_o it_o endure_v the_o wife_n shall_v have_v her_o terce_n but_o the_o courtesy_n take_v no_o place_n unless_o a_o ripe_a child_n beborn_a though_o the_o marriage_n shall_v continue_v for_o many_o year_n so_o that_o the_o be_v of_o child_n procreate_v and_o bear_v to_o maturity_n be_v the_o chief_a motive_n introductory_n of_o this_o law_n skeen_n in_o his_o title_n de_fw-fr verborum_fw-la significatione_n upon_o the_o word_n curialitas_fw-la limit_v the_o courtesy_n to_o the_o land_n or_o hereditament_n into_o which_o wife_n succeed_v as_o heir_n to_o their_o predecessor_n whether_o before_o or_o during_o the_o marriage_n which_o craig_n in_o the_o foresay_a place_n do_v likewise_o follow_v and_o do_v exclude_v the_o husband_n from_o the_o liferent_a of_o the_o wife_n land_n to_o which_o the_o wife_n have_v right_a by_o any_o contract_n as_o titulo_fw-la emptionis_fw-la which_o will_v not_o exclude_v the_o husband_n where_o the_o wife_n predecessor_n infeft_n she_o per_fw-la praeceptionem_fw-la haereditatis_fw-la if_o a_o father_n shall_v infeft_v his_o daughter_n reserve_v his_o own_o liferent_a with_o power_n ro_o dispose_v she_o be_v not_o thereby_o heir_n active_a nor_o be_v that_o estate_n account_v heretage_n but_o conquest_n yet_o she_o be_v heir_n passive_a and_o there_o be_v more_o reason_n that_o the_o husband_n shall_v enjoy_v his_o liferent_a of_o that_o estate_n then_o if_o his_o wife_n have_v be_v therein_o heir_n of_o provision_n or_o tailzie_n whereby_o fail_v she_o and_o her_o issue_n another_o branch_n not_o near_o of_o blood_n to_o she_o may_v ready_o succeed_v so_o that_o if_o her_o child_n be_v dead_a before_o herself_o her_o heir_n of_o tailzie_n will_v have_v much_o more_o reason_n to_o question_v her_o husband_n liferent_a by_o the_o courtesy_n than_o his_o own_o child_n as_o heir_n of_o line_n will_v have_v to_o contravert_v his_o liferent_a of_o the_o estate_n wherein_o she_o be_v infeft_v by_o her_o father_n or_o any_o of_o her_o predecessor_n to_o which_o she_o be_v appearand_a heir_n but_o there_o have_v be_v few_o debate_n or_o decision_n or_o limitation_n thereof_o which_o will_v clear_v this_o and_o other_o point_v thereanent_a the_o law_n have_v well_o fix_v the_o maturity_n of_o the_o child_n by_o their_o cry_n or_o weep_v and_o have_v not_o leave_v it_o to_o the_o conjecture_n of_o witness_n whether_o the_o child_n be_v ripe_a or_o not_o both_z as_o to_o the_o courtesy_n terce_n and_o dissolution_n of_o the_o marriage_n within_o the_o year_n in_o all_o which_o case_n the_o law_n allow_v woman_n witness_n as_o be_v necessary_a in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o death_n of_o the_o child_n at_o the_o time_n of_o their_o birth_n liferenter_n be_v find_v free_a of_o the_o reparation_n of_o minister_n manse_v by_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n 1662._o cap._n ordain_v heretor_n to_o build_v or_o repair_v manse_v to_o the_o value_n of_o 1000_o pound_n whereof_o no_o share_n of_o relief_n be_v find_v due_a by_o the_o liferenter_n they_o not_o be_v express_v november_n 14._o 1679._o minister_n of_o contra_fw-la laird_n and_o lady_n beanstoun_n yet_o if_o the_o whole_a estate_n be_v liferent_v by_o conjunctfee_n the_o conjunctfiar_n may_v be_v liable_a as_o fire_n in_o that_o case_n when_o the_o heretor_fw-la have_v no_o profit_n of_o the_o land_n and_o if_o the_o whole_a be_v affect_v with_o a_o separate_a liferent_a the_o effect_n will_v be_v the_o same_o see_v what_o the_o heretor_fw-la will_v be_v liable_a to_o will_v diminish_v his_o aliment_n which_o behove_v to_o be_v make_v up_o by_o the_o liferenter_fw-la liferent_a by_o the_o courtesy_n have_v the_o same_o extension_n and_o limitation_n sa_o terce_n it_o affect_v all_o the_o wife_n land_n not_o acquire_v by_o a_o singular_a title_n it_o be_v not_o exclude_v by_o the_o ward_n but_o it_o be_v exclude_v during_o the_o nonentry_n or_o by_o liferent-escheat_n and_o also_o by_o the_o ward_n of_o the_o superior_a or_o the_o forefaulture_n or_o recognition_n either_o of_o the_o superior_a or_o wife_n it_o be_v burden_v with_o all_o real_a burden_n by_o infeftment_n or_o tack_v and_o with_o the_o aliment_n of_o the_o wife_n heir_n if_o he_o have_v not_o aliunde_fw-la it_o be_v also_o exclude_v by_o the_o dissolution_n of_o the_o marriage_n within_o year_n and_o day_n by_o divorce_n or_o by_o the_o husband_n desertion_n of_o the_o wife_n though_o divorce_n follow_v not_o or_o by_o his_o adultery_n or_o other_o atrocious_a crime_n 20._o among_o personal_a servitude_n may_v be_v number_v public_a burden_n impose_v by_o the_o king_n and_o parliament_n for_o public_a use_n such_o as_o taxation_n which_o by_o the_o act_n impose_v they_o be_v declare_v real_a affect_v the_o ground_n and_o that_o thereupon_o the_o ground_n may_v be_v poind_v and_o so_o consequent_o do_v affect_v singular_a successor_n the_o extraordinary_a burden_n of_o mentainance_n and_o sess_z impose_v by_o the_o parliament_n during_o the_o trouble_n have_v not_o that_o clause_n therein_o of_o poind_v the_o ground_n and_o so_o be_v not_o find_v debita_fw-la fundi_fw-la but_o debita_fw-la fructuum_fw-la nor_o do_v they_o affect_v singular_a successor_n july_n 13._o 1664._o grahame_n of_o hiltoun_n contra_fw-la the_o heretor_n of_o clackmannan_n title_n xvii_o servitude_n real_a 1._o requisite_n to_o constitute_v real_a servitude_n by_o consent_n 2._o how_o prescription_n constitute_v servitude_n 3._o how_o far_o servitude_n be_v effectual_a against_o the_o superior_a 4._o extinction_n of_o servitude_n 5._o kind_n of_o servitude_n 6._o servitude_n of_o support_n 7_o stillicide_n 8._o sink_n
the_o miln_n of_o the_o barony_n albeit_o the_o defender_n be_v infeft_v cum_fw-la molendinis_fw-la prio_fw-la to_o the_o infeftment_n of_o the_o heretor_fw-la of_o the_o miln_n and_o do_v sometime_o go_v to_o other_o milns_n but_o clandestine_o and_o sometime_o be_v bring_v back_o by_o force_n june_n 24._o 1665._o colonel_n montgomery_n contra_fw-la wallace_n and_o other_o which_o do_v not_o import_v interruption_n which_o be_v not_o find_v by_o clandestine_v abstraction_n but_o by_o pay_v no_o multure_n at_o least_o for_o a_o whole_a year_n four_o thirlage_n be_v not_o infer_v by_o any_o deed_n of_o tenant_n possessor_n wodsetter_n liferenter_n or_o any_o other_o but_o the_o fire_n and_o therefore_o there_o will_v be_v no_o process_n sustain_v against_o the_o tenant_n for_o multure_n unless_o the_o fire_n be_v call_v february_n 9_o 1628._o laird_n of_o wardess_n contra_fw-la laird_n of_o dunkincie_n or_o at_o least_o that_o there_o have_v be_v prio_fw-la decreet_n wherein_o he_o be_v call_v constitute_v the_o thirlage_n and_o all_o 〈◊〉_d and_o act_n otherways_o be_v null_a by_o exception_n if_o quarrel_v within_o prescription_n five_o thirlage_n of_o land_n to_o another_o man_n miln_n do_v not_o infer_v a_o thirlage_n of_o the_o teind_n of_o these_o land_n though_o acquire_v by_o the_o heretor_fw-la who_o thirl_a the_o land_n july_n 7._o 1635._o laird_n of_o innerweek_n contra_fw-la hamiltoun_n the_o like_a in_o molendino_fw-la regio_fw-la where_o no_o write_n be_v show_v but_o possession_n to_o consttute_v the_o thirlage_n which_o be_v find_v not_o to_o extend_v the_o teind_n january_n 8._o 1662._o james_n stewart_n contra_fw-la fevar_n of_o aberledno_n the_o like_a where_o the_o clause_n of_o thirlage_n bear_v omnium_fw-la granorum_fw-la crescentium_fw-la super_fw-la terris_fw-la suis_fw-la here_o the_o heretor_fw-la of_o the_o land_n thirl_a have_v no_o right_n to_o the_o teind_v spot_n milns_n and_o multure_n laird_n of_o wauchtoun_n contra_fw-la hoom_n of_o ford_n the_o like_a where_o the_o clause_n in_o a_o charter_n grant_v by_o a_o abbot_n to_o his_o fevar_n bear_v the_o astriction_n omnium_fw-la granorum_fw-la which_o be_v find_v to_o extend_v to_o the_o teind_n which_o then_o belong_v to_o the_o abbot_n and_o the_o teind_v be_v find_v thirl_a when_o a_o feu-duty_n be_v pay_v both_o for_o stock_n and_o teind_v january_n 21._o 1681._o greirson_n contra_fw-la gordoun_n of_o spado_fw-la nor_o will_v the_o exception_n of_o teind_v be_v sustain_v in_o milns_n belong_v to_o kirkman_n have_v right_o to_o both_o stock_n and_o teind_v 18._o the_o next_o point_n propose_v be_v the_o effect_n and_o extent_n of_o thirlage_n be_v constitute_v which_o be_v exceed_o various_a for_o clear_v whereof_o advert_v that_o thirlage_n be_v either_o introduce_v and_o instruct_v by_o custom_n and_o prescription_n or_o by_o paction_n and_o write_v when_o it_o be_v by_o prescription_n and_o custom_n it_o be_v whole_o regulat_fw-la by_o custom_n and_o the_o heretor_fw-la of_o the_o miln_n and_o his_o tenant_n can_v get_v no_o more_o and_o will_v get_v less_o than_o they_o instruct_v to_o be_v their_o ancient_a custom_n which_o hold_v where_o thirlage_n be_v constitute_v by_o write_v but_o general_o with_o the_o multure_n sequels_fw-fr and_o service_n use_v and_o wont_a for_o then_o also_o custom_n must_v rule_v it_o and_o the_o heretor_fw-la of_o the_o miln_n will_v not_o be_v put_v to_o prove_v what_o the_o custom_n be_v before_o that_o write_v though_o it_o relate_v to_o custom_n past_a but_o long_a custom_n present_a will_v be_v sufficient_a presumption_n and_o proof_n of_o what_o be_v that_o preterite_n custom_n if_o the_o contrary_n can_v be_v prove_v and_o though_o it_o shall_v be_v prove_v yet_o forty_o year_n possession_n will_v alter_v the_o case_n and_o either_o increase_v the_o servitude_n or_o the_o freedom_n if_o the_o servitude_n be_v constitute_v by_o writ_n special_a regard_n be_v have_v to_o the_o tenor_n of_o the_o writ_n which_o therefore_o vary_v thirlage_n according_o so_o thirlage_n simple_o express_v in_o the_o writ_n without_o mention_n of_o all_o grain_n grow_v upon_o the_o ground_n be_v find_v to_o extend_v to_o all_o corn_n grow_v thereupon_o abstract_v to_o other_o milns_n or_o sell_v though_o they_o have_v pay_v no_o multure_n past_o memory_n for_o sell_v corn_n june_n 26._o 1635._o laird_n of_o wauchtoun_n contra_fw-la hoom_n of_o ford_n 19_o a_o clause_n of_o thirlage_n bear_v una_fw-la cum_fw-la multuris_fw-la omnium_fw-la terrarum_fw-la intra_fw-la parochiam_fw-la find_v not_o to_o extend_v to_o other_o corn_n bought-in_a and_o not_o grow_v within_o the_o sucken_n hope_n milns_n and_o multure_n giles_n murray_n contra_fw-la tenant_n of_o drumsei_n a_o clause_n of_o thirlage_n thirl_a a_o heretors_n tenant_n to_o another_o man_n miln_n and_o all_o the_o tenant_n grain_n grow_v upon_o the_o land_n find_v not_o to_o extend_v to_o that_o heretors_n farm-bear_a whether_o deliver_v to_o he_o or_o sell_v by_o he_o to_o his_o tenant_n or_o other_o but_o that_o the_o same_o be_v multure-free_a but_o yet_o be_v thirl_a and_o behove_v to_o come_v to_o the_o miln_n and_o pay_v the_o small_a duty_n only_o hope_n milns_n and_o multure_n lord_n keith_n contra_fw-la nathaniel_n keith_n which_o be_v also_o observe_v with_o this_o further_a that_o invecta_fw-la &_o illata_fw-la be_v not_o thereby_o thirl_a spot_n de_fw-fr servitutibus_fw-la a_o clause_n of_o thirlage_n omnium_fw-la granorum_fw-la crescentium_fw-la be_v find_v not_o to_o extend_v to_o the_o heretors_n farm_n who_o have_v so_o thirl_a his_o land_n not_o be_v ground_n at_o any_o other_o miln_n but_o sell_v or_o otherways_o make_v use_n of_o neither_o to_o corn_n not_o grow_v within_o the_o thirl_z though_o thol_a fire_n and_o water_n or_o garnel_v there_o july_n 11._o 1621._o keith_n contra_fw-la tenant_n of_o peterhead_n a_o clause_n of_o thirlage_n grant_v by_o a_o town_n to_o a_o miln_n express_v invecta_fw-la &_o illata_fw-la find_v to_o be_v extend_v to_o all_o corn_n kiln_v or_o steep_v within_o the_o thirl_z though_o not_o bring_v to_o the_o miln_n nor_o use_v make_v of_o within_o the_o thirl_z spoos_n de_fw-fr servitute_fw-la ruthven_n contra_fw-la cuthbert_n of_o draky_n thirlage_n of_o invecta_fw-la &_o illata_fw-la constitute_v by_o a_o town_n charter_n find_v effectual_a as_o to_o the_o grain_n that_o grow_v in_o the_o thirl_z of_o that_o miln_n and_o be_v liable_a for_o a_o great_a multure_n as_o grana_fw-la crescentia_fw-la so_o that_o these_o corn_n be_v buy_v by_o the_o town_n fall_v to_o pay_v both_o the_o ordinary_a multure_n as_o grow_v in_o the_o thirl_z and_o a_o lesser_a multure_n by_o a_o several_a thirlage_n by_o the_o town_n charter_n thirl_a omne_fw-la invecta_fw-la &_o illata_fw-la in_o their_o town_n to_o that_o same_o miln_n see_v the_o town_n may_v shun_v the_o inconvenience_n of_o double_a multure_n by_o buy_v only_a corn_n which_o grow_v not_o in_o the_o thirl_z of_o that_o miln_n decemb._n 11._o 1678._o sir_n andrew_n ramsay_n contra_fw-la the_o town_n of_o kirkaldie_n 20._o in_o this_o case_n invecta_fw-la &_o illata_fw-la be_v find_v to_o import_v malt_n make_v within_o the_o liberty_n of_o the_o town_n or_o brew_v within_o the_o same_o but_o not_o to_o meal_n where_o they_o do_v not_o buy_v the_o corn_n but_o buy_v the_o meal_n though_o it_o be_v bake_v in_o the_o town_n in_o respect_n it_o be_v so_o prove_v to_o be_v the_o custom_n november_n 24._o 1680._o inter_fw-la eosdem_fw-la but_o the_o quantity_n of_o abstract_n multure_n be_v refer_v to_o the_o town_n man_n oath_n they_o be_v not_o find_v oliege_v to_o depone_v that_o they_o have_v pay_v the_o whole_a multure_n of_o year_n long_o by-gone_a but_o only_o if_o they_o know_v and_o remember_v that_o any_o part_n of_o it_o be_v not_o pay_v and_o what_o that_o part_n of_o it_o be_v december_n 12._o 1679._o inter_fw-la eosdem_fw-la but_o ordinary_o invecta_fw-la &_o illata_fw-la or_o thol_a fire_n and_o water_n be_v only_o interpret_v of_o steep_v and_o kill_v but_o not_o of_o bake_v or_o brew_v a_o clause_n in_o fevars_n charter_n thirl_a they_o to_o the_o superior_n milns_n of_o such_o a_o paroch_n whereof_o there_o be_v four_o be_v find_v not_o to_o be_v put_v in_o the_o option_n of_o the_o fevar_n to_o go_v to_o any_o of_o the_o four_o but_o to_o keep_v to_o the_o particular_a miln_n to_o which_o they_o be_v accustom_v in_o respect_n the_o milns_n have_v several_a sucken_n and_o the_o fevar_n be_v in_o use_n forty_o year_n to_o pay_v multure_n and_o do_v all_o service_n thereto_o as_o be_v find_v 1663._o as_o to_o the_o miln_n of_o catharine_n and_o the_o like_v find_v as_o to_o the_o miln_n of_o dalsangan_n another_o miln_n of_o mauchlein_n about_o the_o same_o time_n thirlage_n be_v constitute_v or_o determine_v by_o custom_n do_v ordinary_o carry_v not_o only_o multure_n of_o the_o grain_n grow_v within_o the_o sucken_n but_o those_o that_o thole_n
damn_v or_o otherways_o it_o must_v be_v distinguish_v that_o if_o the_o insufficiency_n of_o the_o miln_n or_o the_o want_n servant_n be_v through_o the_o fault_n of_o the_o heretor_fw-la or_o his_o milner_n these_o of_o the_o thirl_z may_v go_v to_o other_o miln_n and_o they_o will_v not_o only_o be_v free_a of_o small_a duty_n but_o they_o may_v retain_v for_o the_o reparation_n of_o their_o damnage_n such_o out-sucken_a multure_n as_o they_o pay_v at_o the_o miln_n they_o go_v to_o but_o if_o the_o insufficiency_n be_v by_o accident_n without_o the_o milners_n fault_n they_o may_v go_v elsewhere_o with_o what_o be_v necessary_a for_o the_o interim_n and_o will_v be_v free_a of_o the_o small_a duty_n thereof_o but_o of_o no_o part_n of_o the_o multure_n because_o as_o have_v be_v show_v before_o multure_n be_v now_o a_o distinct_a rent_n and_o be_v not_o as_o the_o hire_n of_o the_o work_n but_o beside_o the_o multure_n the_o small_a duty_n be_v the_o hire_n and_o therefore_o the_o milners_n failzie_n can_v only_o take_v away_o these_o small_a duty_n it_o be_v so_o find_v february_n 9_o 1666._o heretrix_fw-la of_o john_n smiln_n contra_fw-la fevar_n title_n xviii_o teind_n where_o of_o benefice_n stipend_n presentation_n collation_n institution_n tack_n annat_n and_o patronage_n 1._o teind_n affect_v all_o intrometter_n but_o not_o singular_a successor_n 2._o the_o rise_n of_o teind_n 3._o the_o first_o division_n of_o paroch_n 4._o whether_o teind_n be_v jure_fw-la divino_fw-la 5._o kind_n of_o teind_n 6._o we_o have_v no_o personal_a teind_n and_o viccarage_n be_v local_a according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o several_a place_n 7._o what_o land_n be_v teind-free_a 8._o teind_n may_v not_o be_v feve_v after_o the_o lateran_n council_n 9_o teind_n be_v not_o annex_v to_o the_o crown_n 10._o teind_n include_v 11._o surrender_v of_o teind_n to_o the_o king_n and_o his_o decreet_a arbitral_n for_o value_v and_o sell_v thereof_o 12._o commission_n for_o valuate_v of_o teind_n 13._o annuity_n of_o teind_n 14._o the_o rule_n for_o value_v teind_n 15._o benefice_n 16._o decimae_fw-la debentur_fw-la parocho_fw-la 17._o consent_v of_o the_o chapter_n convent_n or_o prebend_n how_o far_o requisite_a 18._o diminution_n of_o the_o rental_a of_o benefice_n 19_o consent_v of_o patron_n 20._o tack_n by_o college_n 21._o the_o present_a condition_n of_o teind_n 22._o draw_v teind_n 23._o spuilzie_n of_o teind_n and_o inhibition_n 24._o rental_v teind_v boll_n 25._o the_o interest_n of_o bishop_n in_o their_o benefice_n 26._o the_o interest_n of_o minister_n in_o benenefice_n 27._o kirk_n patrimonial_a or_o patronate_a 28._o presentation_n and_o collation_n 29._o the_o effect_n of_o possession_n as_o to_o benefice_n and_o stipend_n 30._o stipend_n allocat_fw-la and_o unallecate_v 31._o teind_n change_v as_o the_o land_n be_v in_o grass_n corn_n or_o other_o crop_v 32._o teind_n be_v not_o debita_fw-la fundi_fw-la 33._o the_o legal_a term_n of_o benefice_n and_o stipend_n 34._o the_o annat_n 35._o patronage_n teind_n be_v a_o burden_n affect_v land_n and_o profit_n thereof_o and_o be_v also_o a_o disrinct_v right_o from_o the_o land_n do_v most_o fit_o fall_v under_o consideration_n here_o and_o either_o as_o a_o servitude_n subjoin_v to_o the_o precede_a servitude_n or_o as_o a_o several_a right_n require_v the_o same_o order_n 1._o teind_n do_v affect_v all_o intrometter_n with_o the_o stock_n and_o teind_v joint_o or_o with_o the_o teind_v several_o but_o though_o they_o be_v value_v they_o be_v not_o debita_fw-la fundi_fw-la affect_v singular_a successor_n for_o which_o the_o ground_n can_v be_v poind_v february_n 20._o 1662._o earl_n of_o callender_n contra_fw-la andrew_n monro_n neither_o do_v they_o affect_v the_o present_a heretor_fw-la while_o a_o liferenter_fw-la possess_v june_n 24._o 1663._o menzies_n contra_fw-la laird_n of_o glenurchie_n teind_n as_o the_o word_n denote_v signify_v the_o ten_o of_o that_o which_o be_v teind_v and_o beside_o the_o civil_a decimation_n that_o have_v be_v impose_v by_o sovereign_n upon_o their_o subject_n as_o a_o tribute_n for_o defray_v of_o public_a charge_n there_o have_v be_v ancient_o and_o frequent_o teind_n grant_v for_o sacred_a and_o pious_a use_n so_o abraham_n give_v to_o melchisedec_n the_o teind_v of_o the_o spoil_n of_o his_o enemy_n gen._n 14._o 20._o jacob_n vow_v to_o god_n also_o the_o ten_o of_o all_o that_o god_n shall_v give_v he_o gen._n 28._o 22._o and_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o the_o lord_n appoint_v the_o ten_o of_o israel_n for_o the_o levite_n who_o he_o have_v set_v apart_o for_o himself_o who_o be_v to_o give_v a_o ten_o thereof_o to_o the_o priest_n who_o serve_v at_o the_o altar_n numb_a 18._o 26_o and_o 28_o the_o teind_n do_v so_o continue_v till_o the_o alteration_n of_o the_o jewish_a church_n the_o heathen_n also_o do_v consecrate_v their_o teind_n to_o their_o idol_n and_o pay_v they_o to_o their_o priest_n thus_o plinius_n cap._n 14_o and_o 19_o observe_v and_o herodot_n observe_v in_o his_o first_o book_n the_o like_a of_o syrus_n 3._o aristus_n bishop_n of_o rome_n who_o be_v the_o first_o who_o divide_v the_o ministerial_a charge_n by_o paroch_n the_o church_n before_o not_o be_v so_o distribute_v to_o the_o several_a minister_n this_o order_n be_v so_o convenient_a that_o by_o appropriation_n of_o a_o fix_a pastor_n to_o a_o certain_a flock_n no_o pastor_n may_v be_v idle_a and_o no_o flock_n neglect_v it_o have_v run_v over_o the_o christian_a world_n and_o the_o teind_n of_o these_o paroch_n have_v be_v pay_v to_o the_o pastor_n and_o minister_n of_o the_o church_n 4._o from_o these_o and_o the_o like_a ground_n most_o of_o papist_n and_o some_o of_o protestant_a divine_n have_v conclude_v teind_n to_o be_v jure_fw-la divino_fw-la as_o be_v institute_n and_o consecrate_v by_o god_n himself_o have_v a_o moral_a and_o perpetual_a foundation_n that_o these_o who_o be_v set_v apart_o from_o worldly_a affair_n to_o the_o service_n of_o god_n shall_v have_v a_o competent_a liveliehood_n from_o these_o for_o who_o they_o serve_v but_o the_o determination_n of_o the_o quota_fw-la to_o be_v the_o ten_o part_n rather_o then_o any_o other_o proportion_n be_v a_o positive_a law_n that_o god_n manifest_v and_o be_v observe_v before_o the_o write_a word_n and_o be_v retain_v by_o the_o heathen_n even_o after_o they_o have_v deviat_v from_o the_o true_a god_n but_o most_o of_o the_o protestant_a divine_n hold_v teind_n to_o be_v the_o voluntary_a dedication_n and_o consecration_n of_o man_n for_o pious_a use_n and_o to_o have_v continue_v in_o a_o ten_o part_n from_o the_o example_n of_o abraham_n the_o father_n of_o the_o faithful_a and_o of_o the_o divine_a constitution_n in_o the_o judicial_a law_n but_o there_o be_v no_o divine_a moral_a precept_n in_o the_o word_n for_o teind_n of_o which_o there_o be_v no_o mention_n in_o the_o new_a testament_n even_o where_o the_o mentainance_n of_o minister_n be_v purposely_o speak_v to_o but_o only_o that_o these_o who_o serve_v at_o the_o altar_n shall_v live_v by_o the_o altar_n that_o these_o who_o sow_v spiritual_a thing_n shall_v reap_v temporal_a thing_n which_o do_v hold_v forth_o a_o moral_a duty_n of_o recompense_n to_o provide_v a_o competent_a liveliehood_n for_o these_o who_o be_v separat_fw-la from_o the_o world_n for_o our_o cause_n but_o do_v not_o infer_v a_o ten_o part_n or_o any_o other_o determinat_fw-la proportion_n but_o what_o be_v convenient_a 5._o teind_n be_v define_v by_o the_o canonist_n to_o be_v a_o ten_o part_n of_o all_o profit_n and_o increase_n and_o they_o be_v of_o three_o kind_n personal_a predial_a and_o mix_v personal_n be_v the_o teind_n of_o the_o profit_n of_o personal_a industry_n as_o by_o trading_n negotiation_n artifice_n science_n predial_n be_v of_o the_o natural_a fruit_n of_o the_o ground_n or_o water_n mix_v be_v of_o the_o industrial_a fruit_n of_o the_o ground_n 6._o but_o our_o custom_n allow_v of_o no_o personal_a teind_n and_o of_o these_o predial_a and_o mix_v such_o only_a which_o have_v be_v in_o use_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o several_a place_n such_o be_v teind_v fish_n for_o which_o the_o buyer_n of_o the_o fish_n be_v find_v liable_a because_o of_o that_o custom_n past_o memory_n february_n 15._o 1631._o brice_n semple_n and_o schaw_n contra_fw-la brown_n but_o where_o the_o fisher_n be_v forty_o year_n in_o possession_n of_o fish_v without_o teind_v in_o such_o a_o bay_n it_o be_v find_v sufficient_a to_o liberate_v they_o november_n 24._o 1665._o bishop_n of_o the_o isle_n contra_fw-la the_o laird_n of_o greenock_n and_o other_o also_o in_o other_o place_n there_o be_v no_o teind_v of_o fish_n in_o some_o place_n hay_o staigs_n swine_n lint_n hemp_n be_v teind_v in_o other_o place_n not_o but_o general_o victual_n be_v teind_v and_o stirk_n lamb_n wool_n and_o milk_n 7._o
thereto_o as_o dury_n observe_v but_o express_v not_o the_o party_n july_n 22._o 1626._o as_o to_o the_o contrair_a decision_n observe_v by_o craig_n it_o say_v nothing_o see_v the_o first_o infeftment_n upon_o the_o last_o resignation_n be_v in_o favour_n of_o the_o resigner_n son_n and_o so_o inter_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v fraudulent_a which_o will_v not_o hold_v so_o if_o that_o son_n have_v be_v a_o stranger_n acquire_v bona_fw-la fide_fw-la for_o a_o cause_n onerous_a so_o then_o the_o resignation_n in_o 〈◊〉_d do_v not_o denude_v the_o resigner_n of_o the_o real_a right_n but_o be_v incomplete_a till_o infeftment_n follow_v and_o therefore_o a_o personal_a renunciation_n of_o he_o in_o who_o favour_n it_o be_v will_v full_o evacuat_v the_o resignation_n and_o make_v the_o resigner_n infeftment_n as_o entire_a as_o at_o first_o which_o can_v not_o be_v without_o a_o new_a infeftment_n if_o the_o resigner_n have_v be_v divest_v as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o a_o resignation_n ad_fw-la remanentiam_fw-la the_o superior_n simple_a renunciation_n or_o discharge_v thereof_o can_v not_o revive_v the_o vassalsprior_fw-la infeftment_n but_o he_o behove_v to_o be_v infeft_v the_o 〈◊〉_d and_o though_o after_o the_o resignation_n till_o it_o be_v pass_v from_o or_o infeftment_n follow_v the_o land_n be_v in_o nonentry_n it_o will_v not_o conclude_v that_o the_o resigner_n be_v denude_v and_o the_o fee_n be_v in_o the_o superior_a more_o than_o other_o non-entry_n which_o give_v not_o the_o superior_a the_o property_n but_o a_o casuality_n of_o the_o fee_n in_o what_o case_n disposition_n of_o movable_n or_o land_n be_v hold_v to_o be_v simulate_v or_o fraudulent_a have_v be_v show_v before_o title_n reparation_n upon_o circumvention_n or_o fraud_n wherein_o retention_n of_o possession_n in_o movable_n be_v a_o main_a ground_n for_o presume_v simulation_n especial_o in_o gift_n of_o escheat_n yet_o if_o the_o disposition_n of_o movable_n bear_v express_o to_o take_v effect_n after_o the_o disponers_n death_n retention_n of_o possession_n will_v not_o annul_v it_o neither_o will_v it_o be_v esteem_v as_o a_o legacy_n or_o donatio_fw-la mortis_fw-la causa_fw-la if_o death_n be_v the_o term_n and_o not_o the_o consideration_n of_o it_o and_o it_o be_v not_o find_v ptejudge_v by_o the_o disponer_n universal_a legacy_n march_v 8._o 1626._o traquair_n contra_fw-la traquair_n 13._o so_o much_o for_o conventional_a conveyance_n of_o real_a right_n judicial_a conveyance_n of_o real_a right_n be_v competent_a not_o by_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o right_n which_o can_v be_v alienate_v without_o consent_n of_o the_o owner_n and_o in_o the_o case_n of_o infeftment_n hold_v of_o the_o superior_a without_o his_o consent_n who_o be_v not_o oblige_v to_o receive_v any_o to_o be_v his_o vassal_n but_o the_o heir_n and_o successor_n of_o the_o first_o vassal_n provide_v in_o the_o first_o investiture_n and_o though_o the_o investiture_n bear_v also_o the_o vassal_n heir_n and_o assigney_n yet_o the_o superior_a can_v thereupon_o be_v compel_v direct_o to_o receive_v a_o singular_a successor_n assigney_n be_v only_o mean_v such_o assigney_n to_o who_o the_o disposition_n shall_v be_v assign_v before_o infeftment_n thereon_o as_o be_v find_v in_o the_o case_n of_o recognition_n lady_n carnagy_n contra_fw-la cranburn_n february_n 5._o 1663._o but_o law_n have_v introduce_v in_o favour_n of_o creditor_n judicial_a conveyance_n require_v no_o consent_n but_o authority_n of_o law_n which_o have_v also_o its_o foundation_n in_o natural_a equity_n by_o which_o as_o obligation_n be_v effectual_a for_o exaction_n of_o what_o be_v thereby_o due_a so_o be_v there_o be_v no_o positive_a law_n norcustom_v the_o creditor_n may_v exact_v either_o what_o be_v due_a in_o specie_fw-la or_o the_o equivalent_a and_o therefore_o reprysal_n betwixt_o nation_n not_o govern_v by_o one_o common_a authority_n be_v lawful_a and_o by_o the_o custom_n of_o nation_n extend_v not_o only_o against_o the_o party_n injurer_n who_o be_v oblige_v to_o repair_v but_o against_o all_o the_o subject_n of_o his_o sovereign_n if_o he_o do_v not_o cause_v reparation_n to_o be_v make_v the_o judicial_a transmission_n of_o movable_n be_v by_o poind_v which_o be_v a_o legal_a execution_n we_o shall_v leave_v it_o to_o that_o place_n arrestment_n and_o the_o action_n for_o make_v for_o the_o come_n do_v also_o transmit_v moveable_n but_o be_v rather_o proper_a to_o personal_a right_n and_o so_o be_v competent_a against_o the_o haver_n of_o movable_n by_o reason_n of_o that_o personal_a obligation_n of_o restitution_n which_o be_v upon_o the_o haver_n to_o the_o owner_n beside_o his_o own_o property_n of_o old_a alienation_n of_o land_n for_o money_n be_v very_o rare_a in_o scotland_n or_o the_o contract_n of_o considerable_a debt_n for_o the_o nobility_n and_o gentry_n do_v then_o live_v in_o a_o plain_a and_o sober_a way_n content_v themselves_o with_o that_o which_o their_o own_o estate_n do_v afford_v and_o there_o be_v then_o know_v no_o legal_a execution_n for_o debt_n against_o land_n or_o heritable_a right_n but_o only_o against_o movable_n by_o the_o brieff_a of_o distress_n or_o poynd_n by_o which_o not_o only_o the_o movable_n of_o the_o debtor_n be_v poynd_v for_o his_o debt_n but_o all_o the_o movable_n upon_o his_o land_n belong_v to_o his_o tenant_n as_o appear_v from_o act_n 36._o par._n 1469._o bear_v this_o title_n that_o the_o poor_a tenant_n shall_v pay_v no_o further_o than_o their_o term_n mail_n for_o their_o lord_n debt_n by_o the_o brieff_n of_o distress_n which_o be_v correctory_n of_o the_o former_a custom_n whereby_o the_o good_n and_o cattle_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o ground_n be_v distrenzy_v for_o their_o lord_n debt_n though_o their_o mail_n extend_v not_o to_o the_o avail_n of_o the_o debt_n and_o that_o not_o only_o for_o real_a debt_n affect_v the_o ground_n by_o infeftment_n of_o annualrent_a feu-duty_n or_o casualty_n of_o superiority_n or_o other_o debita_fw-la fundi_fw-la for_o which_o the_o movable_n of_o the_o tenant_n and_o possessor_n may_v yet_o be_v poynd_v for_o the_o lord_n debt_n not_o exceed_v their_o term_n mail_n which_o be_v ordinary_o in_o their_o hand_n or_o if_o pay_v may_v be_v allow_v in_o the_o next_o term_n but_o for_o the_o heritor_n personal_a debt_n for_o by_o the_o act_n the_o debtor_n moveable_n in_o that_o or_o any_o other_o barony_n or_o shire_n be_v appoint_v to_o be_v poynd_v for_o satisfy_v of_o the_o debt_n but_o debita_fw-la fundi_fw-la can_v only_o reach_v the_o movable_n of_o the_o barony_n or_o tenement_n affect_v therewith_o and_o though_o that_o this_o act_n by_o its_o tenor_n will_v yet_o extend_v to_o poind_v of_o tenant_n movable_n for_o their_o master_n personal_a debt_n custom_n have_v restrict_v it_o only_o to_o real_a debt_n and_o it_o be_v entire_o in_o desuetude_n as_o to_o personal_a debt_n which_o can_v burden_v tenant_n but_o upon_o arrestment_n in_o so_o far_o as_o they_o be_v then_o debtor_n to_o their_o master_n before_o this_o statute_n in_o the_o year_n 1469._o there_o be_v no_o mention_n in_o our_o law_n or_o custom_n of_o apprize_a or_o adjudication_n but_o apprize_a be_v thereby_o introduce_v in_o this_o manner_n that_o where_o the_o debtor_n have_v not_o movable_a good_n but_o land_n the_o sheriff_n shall_v cause_n sell_v the_o land_n to_o the_o avail_n of_o the_o debt_n and_o pay_v the_o creditor_n which_o shall_v be_v redeemable_a by_o the_o debtor_n within_o seven_o year_n and_o if_o he_o can_v find_v a_o buyer_n he_o shall_v appryze_v the_o debtor_n land_n by_o thirteen_o person_n of_o the_o best_a and_o worthy_a in_o the_o 〈◊〉_d lest_o suspect_v to_o either_o party_n and_o assign_v to_o the_o creditor_n land_n to_o the_o avail_n of_o the_o sum_n and_o the_o superior_a shall_v receive_v the_o creditor_n or_o any_o oath_n buyer_n for_o a_o year_n rent_n as_o the_o land_n be_v set_v for_o the_o time_n or_o otherways_o shall_v take_v the_o land_n to_o himself_o and_o undergo_v the_o debt_n according_a to_o this_o act_n appryzing_n do_v proceed_v by_o sheriff_n and_o baihe_n who_o for_o satisfy_v of_o debt_n liquidat_n by_o decreet_n issue_v precept_n for_o denunce_v such_o land_n to_o be_v apprise_v upon_o fifteen_o day_n warn_v conform_v to_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n which_o denunciation_n be_v public_o read_v upon_o the_o ground_n of_o the_o land_n before_o witness_n and_o a_o copy_n thereof_o leave_v fix_v thereupon_o and_o also_o at_o the_o mercat_n cross_n of_o the_o head_n burgh_n of_o the_o jurisdiction_n where_o the_o land_n lie_v and_o to_o the_o debtor_n who_o land_n be_v to_o be_v apprise_v express_v the_o creditor_n sum_n day_n and_o place_n of_o apprize_a that_o all_o party_n interest_v may_v appear_v person_n of_o inquest_n and_o witness_n be_v also_o summon_v to_o the_o same_o diet_n and_o ordinary_o the_o place_n be_v upon_o the_o ground_n of_o
creditor_n to_o the_o debtor_n by_o delay_n of_o the_o term_n june_n 20._o 1678._o scot_n of_o burn-foot_n contra_fw-la falconer_n and_o edmistoun_n 31._o albeit_o the_o lord_n do_v not_o ordinary_o modify_v penalty_n after_o apprize_a yet_o if_o they_o be_v exorbitant_a they_o do_v modify_v the_o same_o and_o all_o term_o failzy_n as_o they_o do_v in_o the_o say_a case_n of_o orrock_n of_o balram_n and_o francis_n irvin_n 32._o apprize_a be_v sustain_v upon_o a_o sum_n payable_a without_o requisition_n albeit_o there_o be_v no_o charge_n precede_v the_o apprize_a july_n 21._o 1666._o mr._n john_n thomson_n contra_fw-la mcgutrig_n the_o like_a though_o the_o bond_n bear_v annualrent_a before_o 1641._o see_v there_o be_v no_o infeftment_n thereupon_o or_o requisition_n therein_o jan._n 14._o 1679._o farquhar_n of_o finian_n contra_fw-la robert_n stuart_n 33._o and_o a_o apprize_a be_v sustain_v though_o the_o land_n apprise_v be_v not_o fill_v up_o in_o the_o letter_n of_o apprize_a or_o special_a charge_n nor_o in_o the_o execution_n because_o the_o messenger_n who_o execute_v be_v judge_n in_o the_o apprize_a which_o relate_v the_o denunciation_n of_o the_o land_n particular_o and_o charge_v the_o appearand_a heir_n to_o enter_v thereto_o in_o special_a be_v find_v a_o more_o solemn_a execution_n than_o any_o execution_n apart_o jan._n 16._o 1680._o john_n brown_n contra_fw-la nicol._n 34._o a_o apprize_a be_v sustain_v without_o produce_v the_o letter_n of_o apprize_a be_v in_o anno_fw-la 1636._o but_o the_o instruction_n of_o the_o debt_n be_v find_v necessary_a to_o be_v produce_v be_v within_o prescription_n february_n 11._o 1681._o james_n kenuay_v contra_fw-la thomas_n crawford_n yea_o a_o apprize_a be_v sustain_v upon_o a_o bond_n payable_a upon_o requisition_n though_o the_o apprize_a made_n no_o mention_n of_o the_o requisition_n the_o instrument_n of_o requisition_n be_v produce_v 35._o and_o though_o the_o dispensation_n to_o appryze_v be_v neither_o at_o edinburgh_n nor_o the_o head_n burgh_n of_o the_o shire_n but_o a_o place_n upon_o the_o open_a field_n and_o upon_o a_o count_n of_o a_o great_a rain_n the_o messenger_n do_v not_o appryze_v that_o day_n but_o adjurn_v the_o court_n of_o apprize_a till_o the_o next_o day_n july_n 12._o 1671._o the_o heir_n mr._n thomas_n lundie_n contra_fw-la the_o earl_n of_o southesk_n 36._o and_o a_o apprize_a of_o the_o ground-right_a of_o land_n and_o all_o other_o right_o belong_v to_o his_o debititor_n the_o superior_a be_v charge_v thereupon_o be_v prefer_v to_o a_o posteriour_a appryzer_n who_o apprise_v particular_o a_o annualrent_a out_o of_o the_o land_n which_o be_v the_o only_a right_n of_o the_o common_a debtor_n november_n 21._o 1673._o mr._n john_n fairholm_n contra_fw-la rentoun_n and_o the_o countess_n of_o levin_n 37._o appryzing_n be_v elide_v by_o satisfaction_n or_o payment_n without_o necessity_n of_o renunciation_n resignation_n or_o reduction_n as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o other_o infeftment_n july_n 25._o 1626._o lord_n lovat_n contra_fw-la frazer_n the_o reason_n be_v because_o apprize_a being_n but_o a_o legal_a diligence_n for_o security_n of_o the_o sum_n which_o cease_v it_o fall_v without_o other_o solemnity_n and_o the_o dobitor_n own_o infeftment_n stand_v valid_a without_o renovation_n which_o with_o the_o infeftment_n upon_o the_o apprize_a stand_v but_o as_o a_o parallel_n right_o for_o security_n so_o that_o all_o return_v adpristinum_fw-la statum_fw-la and_o among_o the_o rest_n the_o casualty_n of_o the_o superiority_n if_o they_o be_v take_v off_o by_o the_o apprize_a and_o therefore_o a_o heir_n not_o enter_v but_o be_v chargee_v if_o he_o satisfy_v and_o redeem_v the_o apprize_a he_o will_v be_v in_o nonentry_n till_o he_o be_v receive_v of_o new_a 38._o appryzing_n be_v exclude_v and_o qualify_v with_o the_o backbond_n and_o obliegement_n of_o the_o appryzer_n as_o in_o personal_a right_n which_o be_v valid_a against_o singular_a successor_n as_o a_o back-bond_n that_o a_o appryse_v shall_v not_o be_v prejudicial_a to_o another_o party_n right_a be_v find_v relevant_a against_o the_o appryzers_n singular_a successor_n the_o king_n donatar_n of_o the_o appryzers_n forefaulture_n july_n 31._o 1666._o the_o earl_n of_o southesk_n contra_fw-la marquis_n of_o huntly_n the_o last_o and_o most_o ordinary_a exstinttion_n of_o apprize_a be_v by_o intromission_n with_o the_o mail_n and_o duty_n of_o the_o apprise_v land_n over_o and_o above_o the_o annualrent_a for_o these_o be_v impute_v in_o the_o principal_a sum_n by_o the_o statute_n par._n 1621._o cap._n 6._o which_o be_v also_o extend_v to_o minor_n have_v the_o privilege_n after_o the_o ordinary_a legal_a of_o seven_o year_n but_o it_o be_v not_o provide_v for_o in_o the_o say_a statute_n that_o the_o appryzer_n shall_v be_v countable_a for_o his_o intromission_n thereafter_o which_o be_v therefore_o provide_v for_o par._n 1641._o cap._n 67._o which_o though_o it_o be_v neglect_v and_o not_o revive_v par._n 1661._o yet_o the_o lord_n sustain_v the_o same_o as_o now_o in_o custom_n twenty_o year_n and_o more_o feb._n 18._o 1663._o john_n ross_z contra_fw-la mckenzie_n but_o the_o tenor_n of_o the_o say_v first_o statute_n be_v that_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o mail_n and_o duty_n shall_v extend_v to_o as_o much_o as_o will_v satisfy_v the_o whole_a principal_a sum_n and_o annualrent_n thereof_o composition_n to_o the_o superior_a and_o annualrent_a thereof_o and_o expense_n in_o deduce_v the_o apprize_a in_o that_o case_n the_o apprize_a be_v declare_v to_o expyre_v ipso_fw-la facto_fw-la so_o that_o if_o any_o part_n thereof_o remain_v and_o the_o debtor_n be_v so_o negligent_a as_o not_o to_o use_v a_o order_n and_o count_v and_o reckon_n within_o the_o legal_a but_o suffer_v it_o to_o expire_v the_o apprize_a will_v stand_v valid_a and_o carry_v the_o right_n of_o the_o whole_a land_n and_o will_v not_o be_v extinct_a in_o so_o far_o as_o satisfy_v proportional_o hope_v confirmation_n doctor_n kincay_v contra_fw-la halyburtoun_n which_o be_v so_o find_v where_o a_o part_n of_o the_o sum_n be_v satisfy_v by_o payment_n novem._n 28._o 1623._o mr._n robert_n craig_n contra_fw-la wilson_n but_o if_o the_o remainder_n be_v very_o small_a the_o lord_n may_v be_v the_o more_o strict_a in_o modify_a pryce_n and_o if_o that_o be_v not_o sufficient_a a_o small_a remainder_n will_v not_o take_v away_o the_o right_n de_fw-fr minimis_fw-la non_fw-la curate_n lex_fw-la intromission_n be_v not_o only_o extend_v to_o the_o rent_n and_o profit_n of_o the_o apprise_v land_n but_o to_o the_o price_n of_o any_o part_n thereof_o sell_v by_o the_o appryzer_n within_o the_o legal_a jan._n 14._o 1669._o mckenzie_n contra_fw-la ross._n and_o ansappryze_a be_v also_o find_v extinct_a by_o the_o intromission_n of_o he_o to_o who_o the_o appryzer_n grant_v back-bond_n declare_v the_o apprize_a to_o be_v to_o his_o behoof_n and_o that_o against_o a_o singular_a successor_n who_o thereafter_o be_v infeft_v upon_o the_o appryzers_n resignation_n july_n 12._o 1670._o kennedy_n contra_fw-la cunninghame_n and_o wallace_n yea_o a_o apprize_a be_v found_v exclude_v as_o be_v satisfy_v by_o the_o debtor_n and_o retire_v by_o he_o with_o a_o blank_a assignation_n thereto_o lie_v by_o he_o at_o his_o death_n though_o his_o son_n thereafter_o fill_v up_o his_o name_n therein_o which_o be_v instruct_v by_o the_o son_n oath_n and_o witness_n ex_fw-la officio_fw-la feb._n 27._o 1666._o creditor_n of_o the_o lord_n grace_n contra_fw-la the_o lord_n grace_n but_o a_o apprize_a be_v not_o find_v extinct_a by_o intromission_n where_o the_o appryzer_n pay_v to_o his_o debtor_n the_o superplus_n of_o the_o rent_n above_o his_o annualrent_n before_o the_o lead_n of_o any_o other_o apprize_a yet_o where_o any_o order_n of_o redemption_n be_v use_v before_o the_o expyrie_n of_o the_o legal_a the_o apprize_a be_v found_v extinct_a by_o intromission_n after_o the_o course_n of_o the_o legal_a july_n 7._o 1676._o john_n edgar_z contra_fw-la patrick_n milu_n the_o like_a be_v find_v in_o respect_n of_o a_o order_n use_v by_o a_o second_o appryzer_n and_o be_v sustain_v though_o the_o first_o appryzer_n have_v acquire_v right_o to_o a_o order_n of_o redemption_n by_o a_o three_o appryzer_n use_v against_o the_o second_o appryzer_n which_o be_v not_o find_v to_o hinder_v the_o second_o appryzer_n to_o declare_v the_o first_o apprize_a satisfy_v by_o intromission_n during_o the_o legal_a or_o the_o order_n but_o prejudice_n to_o the_o three_o appryzer_n or_o to_o the_o first_o appryzer_n have_v right_o from_o the_o three_o appryzer_n to_o redeem_v the_o land_n from_o the_o second_o appryzer_n by_o satisfaction_n of_o the_o sum_n due_a to_o he_o july_n 18._o 1676._o gordoun_n of_o seatoun_n contra_fw-la watson_n yea_o a_o apprize_a being_n both_o against_o the_o principal_a and_o cautioner_n estate_n a_o order_n of_o redemption_n use_v by_o the_o principal_a debtor_n be_v find_v to_o keep_v the_o apprize_a
redeemable_a to_o that_o party_n during_o his_o life_n as_o it_o be_v ordinary_o adject_v when_o that_o be_v mean_v january_n 9_o 1662._o earl_n of_o murray_n contra_fw-la laird_n of_o grant_n the_o like_a of_o a_o annualrent_a though_o it_o bear_v only_o to_o be_v pay_v yearly_o and_o not_o perpetual_o or_o heritable_o or_o to_o heir_n feb._n 2._o 1667._o pourie_n contra_fw-la dykes_n and_o a_o substitution_n mention_v only_o a_o person_n substitute_n without_o mention_n of_o heir_n be_v find_v competent_a to_o that_o person_n heir_n january_n 7._o 1670._o innis_n contra_fw-la innis_n 6._o heir_n have_v the_o benefit_n of_o heritable_a right_n not_o only_o whereupon_o infeftment_n have_v follow_v or_o which_o by_o destination_n be_v heritable_a or_o require_v infeftment_n to_o their_o accomplishment_n as_o heritable_a band_n bear_v clause_n of_o infeftment_n for_o these_o bear_v only_a clause_n of_o annualrent_n be_v declare_v movable_a by_o and_o since_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n 1641._o cap._n 57_o revive_v par._n 1661._o cap._n 32._o of_o which_o in_o the_o last_o title_n so_o also_o be_v reversion_n pension_n tack_n without_o necessity_n of_o be_v enter_v heir_n june_n 17._o 1671._o john_n boyd_n contra_fw-la hugh_n sinclair_n july_n 9_o 1675._o hoom_n contra_fw-la johnston_n of_o oldwells_n and_o all_o right_n have_v a_o tract_n or_o course_n of_o time_n after_o the_o defunct_n death_n in_o these_o case_n where_o the_o defunct_n right_o be_v temporary_a and_o run_v out_o by_o a_o certain_a course_n of_o time_n that_o time_n run_v whether_o the_o defunct_n heir_n be_v enter_v or_o do_v possess_v or_o not_o as_o tack_n pension_n or_o annuell_n prestation_n during_o so_o many_o year_n and_o therefore_o these_o require_v not_o service_n or_o solemnity_n but_o that_o person_n who_o may_v be_v serve_v may_v continue_v or_o recover_v the_o defunct_n possession_n and_o his_o possess_v make_v he_o liable_a passive_a as_o represent_v the_o defunct_a neither_o need_v there_o any_o service_n of_o child_n nominatim_fw-la substitute_n immediate_o to_o their_o parent_n but_o if_o they_o be_v substitute_n in_o the_o second_o place_n a_o service_n must_v be_v use_v to_o instruct_v that_o the_o heir_n appoint_v in_o the_o first_o place_n do_v fail_v july_n 21._o 1676._o 〈◊〉_d of_o drumelzier_n contra_fw-la the_o earl_n of_o tweddel_n what_o right_n be_v heritable_a and_o what_o movable_a vide_fw-la title_n real_a right_n 7._o heir_n have_v also_o right_o to_o movable_a heirship_n and_o to_o all_o obleigment_n though_o the_o matter_n be_v in_o movable_a right_n if_o executor_n be_v express_o seclude_v otherways_o if_o the_o matter_n be_v movable_a and_o heir_n only_o be_v express_v but_o not_o executor_n yet_o executor_n will_v not_o be_v exclude_v because_o heir_n be_v a_o general_n term_n comprehend_v exector_n hope_v ejection_n sr._n lewis_n 〈◊〉_d contra_fw-la tenant_n the_o special_a interest_n of_o heir_n be_v according_a to_o their_o several_a kind_n viz._n heir_n of_o line_n and_o of_o conquest_n heir_n portioner_n heir_n male_a and_o heir_n of_o tailzie_n and_o provision_n 8._o the_o interest_n of_o heir_n of_o line_n be_v that_o they_o be_v heir_n general_o not_o only_o because_o they_o may_v be_v serve_v by_o a_o general_n service_n but_o chief_o because_o they_o must_v general_o represent_v the_o defunct_a so_o that_o what_o can_v be_v claim_v by_o a_o special_a title_n either_o as_o be_v conquest_n or_o special_o provide_v by_o the_o tenor_n of_o the_o infeftment_n befall_v to_o the_o heir_n of_o line_n and_o therefore_o in_o dubious_a case_n what_o do_v not_o appear_v to_o belong_v to_o other_o heir_n appertain_v to_o these_o in_o respect_n of_o who_o heir_n male_a and_o of_o tailzie_n and_o provision_n be_v account_v as_o stranger_n and_o may_v come_v against_o the_o defunct_n deed_n in_o favour_n of_o the_o heir_n of_o line_n but_o the_o heir_n of_o line_n can_v come_v against_o such_o deed_n in_o favour_n of_o other_o because_o as_o heir_n of_o line_n they_o be_v repute_v as_o one_o person_n with_o the_o defunct_a and_o so_o be_v obleige_v to_o maintain_v and_o fulfil_v his_o deed_n not_o do_v on_o deathbed_n it_o be_v so_o find_v in_o the_o case_n of_o a_o heir_n of_o tailzie_n against_o a_o heir_n of_o line_n spot_n earl_n of_o hoom_n contra_fw-la and_o as_o heir_n of_o line_n have_v general_o the_o benefit_n so_o they_o have_v more_o effectual_o the_o burden_n of_o the_o defunct_n debt_n which_o ordinary_o reach_v they_o in_o the_o first_o place_n so_o that_o ofttimes_o the_o heir_n of_o line_n have_v little_a or_o nothing_o free_a we_o shall_v not_o need_v to_o be_v special_a what_o befall_v the_o heir_n of_o line_n be_v to_o show_v particular_o what_o befall_v to_o the_o other_o heir_n for_o what_o remain_v belong_v to_o the_o heir_n of_o line_n only_o heirships_n movable_a belong_v only_o to_o heir_n of_o line_n and_o not_o to_o heir_n of_o tailzie_n january_n 27._o 1668._o colonel_n montgomrie_n contra_fw-la stewart_n 9_o heirship_n movable_a be_v the_o best_a of_o every_o kind_n of_o moveable_n belong_v to_o the_o defunct_a which_o the_o heir_n of_o line_n may_v draw_v from_o the_o executor_n whereof_o there_o be_v a_o ordinary_a list_n the_o reason_n of_o this_o heirship_n movable_a be_v because_o by_o our_o law_n by_o primo_fw-la geniture_n exclude_v the_o defnnct_n other_o near_a of_o kin_n in_o heritage_n wherethe_v near_a of_o kin_n succeed_v alone_o in_o moveable_n and_o as_o they_o have_v no_o share_n with_o the_o heir_n in_o heritable_a right_n so_o most_o sit_o the_o heir_n have_v no_o share_n with_o they_o in_o moveable_n but_o have_v only_o the_o best_a of_o every_o kind_n which_o therefore_o be_v call_v heirship_n movable_a in_o which_o the_o defunct_a can_v in_o his_o testament_n or_o any_o other_o deed_n do_v on_o deathbed_n prejudge_v his_o heir_n as_o be_v show_v last_o title_n but_o if_o the_o near_a of_o kin_n be_v all_o female_n they_o be_v both_o heir_n 〈◊〉_d executor_n or_o if_o but_o one_o male_a he_o be_v both_o heir_n and_o executor_n in_o which_o case_n there_o be_v no_o heirship_n movable_a draw_v heirship_n movable_a be_v establish_v by_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n 1474._o cap._n 53._o ordain_v the_o heir_n of_o prelate_n baron_n and_o burgess_n to_o have_v the_o best_a of_o every_o kind_n according_a to_o the_o burrow_n land_n and_o so_o be_v find_v not_o to_o belong_v to_o the_o heir_n of_o a_o defunct_a who_o have_v only_o heritable_a band_n be_v neither_o prelate_n baron_n nor_o burgess_n hope_v the_o haer_v todorig_n contra_fw-la 〈◊〉_d but_o the_o heir_n of_o prelate_n be_v extend_v to_o other_o benefice_a person_n as_o be_v find_v in_o the_o heir_n of_o the_o of_o person_n of_o dingwal_n novem._n 28._o 1623._o william_n rig_n contra_fw-la mckenzie_n and_o likewise_o the_o heir_n of_o baron_n be_v extend_v to_o any_o person_n heir_n die_v in_o fee_n of_o land_n though_o not_o erect_v in_o a_o barony_n hope_v the_o haer_v keith_n contra_fw-la mckenzie_n todoirg_n contra_fw-la purdie_n heirship_n movable_a be_v find_v competent_a to_o the_o heir_n of_o a_o person_n who_o die_v only_o infeft_v in_o a_o annualrent_n july_n 19_o 1664._o elizabeth_n scrimzeor_fw-la contra_fw-la executor_n of_o mr._n john_n murray_n but_o heir_n of_o a_o burgess_n be_v find_v not_o to_o extend_v to_o a_o honorarie_a burgess_n who_o die_v not_o trading_n or_o work_v in_o the_o burgh_n spot_n heir_n james_n leslie_n contra_fw-la hugh_n dumbar_n heirship_n movable_a be_v not_o always_o a_o single_a thing_n but_o go_v sometime_o by_o pair_n and_o sometime_o by_o dozen_o as_o in_o spoon_n so_o the_o heirship_n of_o ox_n be_v find_v to_o be_v a_o yoke_n and_o not_o a_o single_a ox_n nicol._n de_fw-fr haereditatis_fw-la petitione_n july_n 20._o 1610._o black_a contra_fw-la kincaid_n and_o heirship_n take_v place_n only_o in_o corporibus_fw-la but_o not_o in_o quantitatibus_fw-la as_o in_o money_n cloth_n metal_n etc._n etc._n and_o so_o the_o shell_n of_o a_o salt-pan_n which_o be_v out_o of_o use_n be_v account_v but_o iron_n and_o not_o to_o fall_v under_o heirship_n movable_a had._n january_n 19_o 1611._o reid_n contra_fw-la thomson_n 10._o heir_n of_o conquest_n though_o they_o be_v also_o heir_n of_o line_n as_o befalling_a by_o the_o course_n of_o law_n and_o not_o by_o the_o tenor_n of_o the_o infeftment_n and_o therefore_o be_v set_v down_o as_o lineal_a successor_n in_o the_o precede_a title_n yet_o because_o heir_n of_o conquest_n have_v only_a place_n where_o there_o be_v a_o elder_a and_o young_a brother_n or_o a_o elder_a and_o young_a father_n brother_n etc._n etc._n and_o their_o issue_n to_o succeed_v in_o which_o case_n the_o law_n allow_v two_o heir_n the_o immediate_a elder_n succee_v in_o conquest_n and_o the_o immediate_a younger_n in_o the_o heritage_n therefore_o the_o one_o be_v special_o call_v the_o
heir_n of_o conquest_n and_o the_o other_o retain_v the_o common_a name_n of_o the_o heir_n of_o line_n conquest_n be_v feudum_fw-la novum_fw-la whereunto_o the_o defunct_a do_v not_o succeed_v as_o heir_n to_o any_o person_n or_o whereunto_o the_o defunct_a can_v not_o succeed_v as_o heir_n for_o if_o that_o be_v dispone_v to_o he_o by_o the_o defunct_a whereunto_o he_o will_v have_v succeed_v it_o be_v but_o preceptio_fw-la haereditatis_fw-la and_o so_o remain_v to_o be_v repute_n as_o heritage_n to_o descend_v to_o the_o young_a and_o not_o to_o ascend_v to_o the_o elder_a as_o craig_n observe_v lib._n 2._o dieg_n 15._o such_o heritage_n be_v rare_a and_o befall_v only_o by_o tailzie_n or_o provision_n among_o middle_a brethren_n because_o the_o elder_a by_o primogeniture_n exclude_v the_o rest_n from_o be_v heir_n of_o line_n but_o it_o may_v befall_v in_o case_n of_o the_o heir_n of_o line_n when_o the_o near_a successor_n be_v the_o father_n or_o grandfather_n brother_n or_o their_o issue_n there_o be_v elder_a and_o young_a brother_n but_o conquest_n be_v frequent_a because_o not_o only_o that_o which_o be_v acquire_v proper_o by_o the_o mean_n and_o industry_n of_o the_o defunct_a but_o that_o which_o be_v by_o gift_n of_o the_o defunct_n parent_n or_o any_o other_o or_o whatsoever_o the_o defunct_a can_v not_o succeed_v to_o be_v conquest_n yet_o if_o the_o heir_n of_o conquest_n succeed_v that_o which_o be_v conquest_n become_v heritage_n and_o descend_v as_o if_o there_o be_v four_o brother_n and_o the_o three_o acquire_v land_n die_v without_o issue_n the_o second_o will_v be_v his_o heir_n therein_o who_o if_o he_o die_v also_o infeft_v the_o land_n will_v fall_v downward_o to_o the_o young_a brother_n and_o not_o upward_o to_o the_o elder_a brother_n the_o custom_n of_o england_n be_v contrary_a for_o thereby_o the_o elder_a brother_n succee_v to_o all_o his_o brother_n faill_v the_o issue_n but_o with_o we_o the_o immediate_a elder_n or_o young_a do_v always_o succeed_v though_o of_o different_a marriage_n none_o of_o they_o be_v brothersgerman_n and_o therefore_o in_o the_o case_n propose_v by_o craig_n lib._n 2._o 〈◊〉_d 15._o in_o fine_a of_o a_o brother_n by_o a_o second_o marriage_n die_v without_o issue_n and_o have_v three_o brother_n of_o a_o former_a marriage_n no_o doubt_n the_o young_a will_v succeed_v according_a to_o the_o opinion_n of_o oliphant_n and_o king_n there_o relate_v albeit_o that_o craig_n opinion_n be_v that_o the_o elder_a will_v succeed_v it_o be_v so_o decide_v contrary_a craig_n opinion_n july_n 20._o 1664._o laird_n of_o clerkington_n contra_fw-la stewart_n heir_n of_o conquest_n succeed_v not_o only_o to_o land_n conquest_n by_o their_o immediate_a predecessor_n but_o in_o other_o heritable_a right_n pass_v by_o infeftment_n as_o annualrent_a or_o such_o as_o be_v heritable_a by_o distination_n and_o which_o be_v accomplish_v by_o infeftment_n as_o desposition_n of_o land_n or_o annualrent_n appryzing_n or_o adjudication_n etc._n etc._n the_o like_a where_o a_o annualrent_n be_v first_o dispone_v and_o a_o clause_n of_o requisition_n and_o reversion_n subjoin_v july_n 7._o 1675._o robertson_n contra_fw-la lord_n halkertoun_n and_o in_o reversion_n hope_v de_fw-fr successionibus_fw-la heir_n of_o pitcairne_n but_o in_o this_o case_n it_o be_v not_o clear_v whether_o the_o land_n give_v in_o wodset_n be_v heritage_n or_o conquest_n but_o it_o seem_v if_o the_o land_n have_v be_v heritage_n as_o they_o be_v wodset_v the_o reversion_n will_v also_o belong_v to_o the_o heir_n of_o line_n as_o the_o land_n whereto_o it_o be_v accessary_a will_v yea_o heir_n of_o conquest_n succeed_v in_o heritable_a band_n bear_v clause_n of_o annualrent_a as_o be_v find_v among_o the_o heir_n of_o doctor_n craig_n but_o the_o heir_n of_o line_n and_o not_o the_o heir_n of_o conquest_n succeed_v in_o tack_n acquire_v by_o the_o defunct_a hope_v succession_n earl_n of_o dumbars_n heir_n june_n 23._o 1663._o ferguson_n contra_fw-la ferguson_n the_o heir_n of_o lyne_n do_v also_o succeed_v in_o pension_n or_o any_o other_o right_o not_o require_v infeftment_n as_o in_o these_o which_o have_v a_o tract_n of_o time_n after_o the_o defunct_n death_n do_v thereby_o exclude_v executor_n and_o do_v belong_v to_o the_o heir_n of_o line_n and_o not_o of_o conquest_n though_o they_o be_v acquire_v the_o heir_n of_o line_n and_o not_o the_o heir_n of_o conquest_n fall_v to_o be_v tutor_n or_o near_a agnat_n to_o the_o pupil_n to_o who_o the_o heir_n of_o line_n may_v succeed_v the_o heir_n of_o line_n have_v right_a to_o the_o heirship_n movable_a and_o not_o the_o heir_n of_o conquest_n 11._o heirs-portioners_a be_v among_o heir_n of_o line_n for_o when_o more_o woman_n or_o their_o issue_n succeed_v fail_v male_n of_o that_o degree_n it_o be_v by_o the_o course_n of_o law_n that_o they_o succeed_v and_o because_o they_o succeee_v not_o in_o solidum_fw-la but_o in_o equal_a portion_n they_o be_v call_v heirs-portioners_a and_o though_o they_o succeed_v equal_o yet_o right_n indivisible_a fall_n to_o the_o elder_a alone_a without_o any_o thing_n in_o lieu_n thereof_o to_o the_o rest_n as_o first_o dignity_n of_o lord_n earl_n etc._n etc._n 2._o the_o principal_a manse_n be_v tower_n fortalice_n etc._n etc._n which_o do_v not_o extend_v to_o house_n in_o burgh_n nor_o to_o ordinary_a country-house_n the_o former_a be_v divisible_a the_o latter_a fall_n under_o division_n as_o pertinent_o of_o the_o land_n whereupon_o they_o stand_v and_o be_v not_o as_o separata_fw-la jura_fw-la or_o distinct_a right_n 3._o superiority_n be_v account_v indivisible_a and_o befall_v only_o to_o the_o elder_a daughter_n and_o her_o issue_n and_o thereby_o all_o the_o casualty_n of_o the_o superiority_n either_o precede_a or_o follow_v the_o defunct_n death_n as_o ward_n relief_n marriage_n of_o the_o vassal_n heir_n nonentry_n liferent_a escheat_n etc._n etc._n the_o reason_n be_v because_o the_o vassal_n condition_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v worsted_n and_o make_v subject_n to_o many_o superior_n by_o such_o succession_n craig_n lib._n 2._o dieg_n 14._o except_v the_o superiority_n of_o feu_n land_n the_o feu_fw-fr duty_n whereof_o be_v divisible_a among_o all_o the_o heirs-portioners_a yet_o the_o former_a reason_n of_o the_o indivisibility_n of_o the_o superiority_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o vassal_n interest_n reach_v feu_n superiority_n as_o well_o as_o other_o and_o it_o be_v hardly_o conceivable_a how_o superiority_n shall_v belong_v to_o the_o elder_a and_o yet_o the_o feu_fw-fr duty_n divide_v to_o the_o rest_n see_v the_o superiority_n as_o be_v dominium_fw-la directum_fw-la be_v the_o only_a title_n for_o poind_v the_o ground_n or_o pursue_v the_o possessor_n or_o intrometter_n with_o the_o fruit_n thereof_o it_o seem_v for_o the_o reason_n adduce_v the_o superiority_n and_o therewith_o the_o feu_fw-fr duty_n befall_v to_o the_o elder_a yet_o so_o because_o the_o feu_fw-fr duty_n be_v constant_a and_o liquid_a and_o be_v not_o like_o the_o other_o casualty_n of_o superiority_n which_o be_v illiquid_fw-la and_o accidental_a therefore_o the_o other_o heirs-portioners_a aught_o to_o have_v compensation_n for_o their_o part_n of_o the_o feu_fw-fr duty_n in_o or_o off_o other_o proper_a land_n or_o if_o there_o be_v more_o superiority_n of_o feu_n land_n so_o that_o some_o of_o the_o superiority_n may_v befall_v one_o heir_n and_o other_o to_o other_o heir_n no_o particular_a superiority_n be_v divide_v or_o the_o vassal_n make_v vassal_n to_o many_o superior_n i_o conceive_v it_o will_v be_v allow_v or_o otherways_o the_o elder_a co-heir_n will_v be_v dicern_v to_o infeft_v the_o rest_n in_o annualrent_n out_o of_o the_o fee_n correspondent_a to_o their_o share_n of_o the_o feu_fw-fr duty_n a_o vassal_n heir_n though_o the_o defunct_a have_v take_v infeftment_n of_o more_o heirs-portioners_a be_v not_o find_v oblige_v to_o take_v infeftment_n of_o some_o of_o they_o several_o but_o either_o of_o all_o joint_o or_o the_o elder_a july_n 30._o 1678._o lady_n luss_n contra_fw-la inglis_n how_o far_o heirs-portioners_a succeed_v passive_a and_o be_v liable_a for_o the_o defunct_n debt_n shall_v forthwith_o appear_v 12._o heir_n male_a and_o of_o tailzie_n and_o provision_n succeed_v not_o by_o law_n but_o by_o the_o tenor_n of_o the_o infeftment_n or_o provision_n and_o therefore_o have_v that_o benefit_n and_o no_o more_o which_o be_v so_o provide_v to_o they_o or_o which_o be_v accessary_a thereto_o whereby_o any_o right_a or_o security_n of_o land_n or_o other_o befalling_a to_o these_o heir_n which_o be_v thereafter_o acquire_v by_o their_o predecessor_n though_o the_o same_o be_v acquire_v to_o he_o and_o his_o heir_n whatsoever_o yet_o the_o same_o will_v befall_v with_o the_o principal_a right_n to_o which_o it_o be_v accessary_a to_o the_o heir_n male_a or_o of_o tailzie_n or_o provision_n as_o if_o a_o proprietar_n infeft_v himself_o or_o his_o heir_n
proper_a debt_n whichi_v take_v off_o by_o the_o dup_o of_o purge_v the_o same_o as_o appear_v in_o the_o decision_n before_o adduce_v the_o say_a exception_n be_v also_o elide_v by_o the_o reply_n as_o behave_v as_o heir_n albeit_o the_o same_o be_v libel_v as_o a_o several_a passive_a title_n march_v 18._o 1631._o reguel_n bennet_n contra_fw-la bennet_n 25._o the_o entry_n of_o heir_n be_v either_o of_o heir_n general_a or_o heir_n special_a the_o former_a require_v only_o a_o general_a service_n which_o be_v necessary_a to_o all_o heir_n except_o heir_n in_o tack_n pension_n and_o heir_n nominatim_fw-la immediate_o substitute_n in_o band_n but_o heir_n of_o tailzie_n or_o provision_n must_v be_v serve_v that_o it_o may_v appear_v that_o the_o heir_n to_o who_o they_o be_v substitute_n be_v fail_v and_o therefore_o the_o only_a child_n of_o a_o marriage_n be_v find_v to_o have_v no_o title_n to_o pursue_v implement_n of_o the_o contract_n of_o marriage_n till_o he_o be_v serve_v heir_n of_o the_o marriage_n july_n 21._o 1676._o hay_o of_o drumelzier_n contra_fw-la earl_n of_o tweeddale_n the_o general_n proceed_v thus_o a_o brieve_n be_v take_v out_o of_o the_o chancery_n of_o course_n without_o citation_n or_o supplication_n for_o serve_v such_o a_o person_n near_o and_o lawful_a heir_n to_o such_o a_o defunct_a it_o may_v be_v direct_v to_o any_o judge_n ordinar_n at_o the_o party_n option_n albeit_o the_o defunct_a nor_o the_o heir_n never_o live_v within_o that_o jurisdiction_n march_v 6._o 1630._o the_o laird_n of_o caskiben_fw-ge supplicant_n the_o lord_n may_v in_o case_n where_o a_o ancient_a or_o important_a service_n be_v require_v choose_v the_o judge_n most_o fit_v for_o the_o affair_n and_o when_o brieve_v pass_v of_o course_n they_o be_v obtain_v to_o any_o judge_n desire_v but_o they_o be_v easy_o advocate_n and_o remit_v to_o the_o macer_n with_o assessor_n in_o case_n of_o difficulty_n the_o tenor_n of_o the_o brieve_n be_v by_o way_n of_o precept_n from_o the_o king_n to_o the_o judge_n to_o inquire_v per_fw-la probos_fw-la &_o fideles_fw-la homines_fw-la patriae_fw-la that_o such_o a_o person_n die_v at_o the_o faith_n and_o peace_n of_o our_o sovereign_a lord_n and_o that_o the_o user_n of_o the_o brieve_n be_v the_o near_a and_o lawful_a heir_n so_o this_o brieve_n have_v only_o these_o two_o head_n and_o thus_o not_o only_a heir_n of_o line_n may_v be_v serve_v general_o but_o also_o heir_n of_o conquest_n be_v to_o succeed_v to_o reversion_n heritable_a bond_n or_o the_o like_a right_n not_o have_v a_o infeftment_n or_o require_v a_o special_a service_n hope_v succession_n earl_n of_o dumbar_n heir_n and_o no_o doubt_n heir_n male_a may_v be_v serve_v general_o that_o they_o may_v succeed_v to_o the_o like_a right_n which_o may_v be_v conceive_v in_o their_o favour_n and_o whereunto_o they_o can_v have_v no_o other_o access_n and_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n heir_n of_o a_o marriage_n may_v also_o be_v serve_v and_o heir_n of_o provision_n in_o band_n general_a service_n use_v to_o be_v include_v in_o special_a service_n as_o member_n thereof_o and_o a_o retour_fw-fr to_o a_o annualrent_a bear_v to_o be_v grant_v to_o heir_n whatsoever_o and_o that_o the_o person_n retour_v heir_n in_o the_o say_v annualrent_a be_v find_v to_o instruct_v he_o general_a heir_n though_o it_o do_v not_o bear_v per_fw-la expressum_fw-la that_o he_o be_v heir_n general_o but_o only_o in_o that_o annualrent_a feb._n 9_o 1676._o ricartoun_n drumniond_v contra_fw-la stirling_n of_o airdoch_n the_o general_a service_n of_o heir_n be_v retour_v do_v so_o establish_v right_n not_o have_v infeftment_n as_o disposition_n heritable_a bond_n reversion_n apprising_n and_o adjudication_n in_o the_o person_n of_o the_o heir_n serve_v as_o that_o no_o posterior_n heir_n can_v have_v right_o thereto_o unless_o they_o be_v serve_v heir_n to_o the_o person_n last_o serve_v heir_n though_o the_o right_o stand_v in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o firstacquirer_n and_o not_o of_o the_o last_o heir_n as_o a_o heritable_a bond_n or_o reversion_n remain_v in_o the_o name_n of_o afather_n to_o who_o his_o elder_a son_n be_v serve_v heir_n general_o who_o die_v without_o issue_n the_o second_o brother_n must_v be_v serve_v heir_n to_o his_o brother_n and_o not_o to_o his_o father_n therein_o as_o be_v think_v by_o all_o the_o lord_n after_o dispute_n in_o praesentia_fw-la albeit_o the_o matter_n be_v agree_v without_o decision_n spot_n heir_n captain_n peter_n rollo_n contra_fw-la stewart_n of_o 〈◊〉_d the_o reason_n be_v because_o the_o general_a service_n be_v a_o compleatestablish_n of_o the_o right_n in_o the_o person_n of_o the_o heir_n and_o therefore_o as_o in_o special_a service_n the_o heir_n be_v serve_v to_o he_o who_o die_v last_o vest_n and_o seize_v as_o offee_n whereby_o that_o right_o be_v establish_v so_o in_o the_o general_a service_n the_o heir_n must_v be_v serve_v to_o he_o in_o who_o person_n the_o right_o stand_v last_o and_o though_o in_o special_a service_n the_o heir_n can_v be_v serve_v to_o he_o who_o be_v last_o serve_v special_a heir_n unless_o he_o have_v be_v also_o infeft_v the_o reason_n thereof_o be_v because_o the_o special_a service_n as_o a_o incomplete_a right_n evanish_v and_o the_o next_o apparent_a heir_n must_v be_v serve_v again_o to_o the_o same_o defunct_a but_o it_o be_v not_o so_o in_o general_a service_n 26._o the_o entry_n of_o heir_n to_o land_n or_o annualrent_n the_o fee_n whereof_o be_v by_o infeftment_n be_v either_o by_o consent_n of_o the_o superior_a voluntarly_a or_o by_o law_n the_o former_a be_v by_o the_o superior_n precept_n which_o from_o the_o initial_a word_n thereof_o quia_fw-la mihi_fw-la clare_v constat_fw-la etc._n etc._n be_v call_v a_o precept_n of_o clare_n constat_fw-la by_o which_o the_o superior_a acknowledge_v that_o the_o defunct_a die_v last_o vest_n and_o seize_v in_o such_o land_n or_o annualrent_n and_o that_o the_o same_o be_v hold_v of_o he_o by_o such_o a_o tenor_n and_o that_o the_o obtainer_n of_o the_o precept_n be_v near_a and_o lawful_a heir_n to_o he_o in_o the_o say_a land_n etc._n etc._n and_o that_o he_o be_v of_o lawful_a age_n for_o enter_v thereto_o and_o therefore_o command_v his_o bailiff_n to_o infeft_v he_o therein_o infeftment_n be_v past_o according_o giveth_z that_o party_n the_o real_a right_n of_o land_n or_o annualrent_n if_o do_v by_o the_o light_n superior_n it_o do_v also_o constitute_v the_o receiver_n thereof_o heir_n passiuè_fw-la and_o make_v he_o liable_a to_o his_o predecessor_n debt_n but_o it_o will_v not_o constitute_v or_o instruct_v he_o heir_n actiuè_fw-fr or_o give_v he_o a_o active_a title_n to_o pursue_v as_o heir_n yea_o it_o will_v not_o be_v a_o sufficient_a title_n as_o to_o the_o real_a right_n of_o the_o ground_n against_o any_o other_o party_n than_o those_o who_o acknowledge_v the_o giver_n thereof_o to_o be_v superior_a and_o the_o receiver_n to_o be_v heir_n for_o if_o upon_o any_o other_o colourable_a title_n they_o question_v any_o of_o these_o the_o infeftment_n and_o precept_n of_o clare_n constat_fw-la will_v not_o be_v sufficient_a alone_o unless_o it_o have_v obtain_v the_o benefit_n of_o a_o possessory_a judgement_n or_o prescription_n 27._o like_o unto_o this_o be_v the_o entry_n of_o heir_n within_o burgh_n royal_a by_o hespand_n staple_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o burgh_n which_o be_v instruct_v by_o the_o instrument_n of_o seize_v only_o without_o other_o adminicle_n november_n 13._o 1623._o mershall_n contra_fw-la mershal_n july_n penult_n 1629._o wilson_n contra_fw-la stewart_n in_o which_o case_n though_o a_o seize_v by_o hesp_n and_o staple_n be_v sustain_v to_o instruct_v a_o heir_n actiuè_fw-fr yet_o it_o be_v only_o because_o this_o pursuer_fw-mi have_v be_v prove_v heir_n passiuè_fw-la the_o eby_o at_o the_o instance_n of_o that_o defender_n 28._o the_o secure_a entry_n of_o heir_n special_o in_o land_n or_o annalrent_n be_v by_o law_n the_o procedor_fw-la whereof_o be_v in_o this_o manner_n any_o person_n may_v summare_o 〈◊〉_d a_o brieve_n out_o of_o the_o chancery_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o the_o general_a 〈◊〉_d which_o be_v direct_v by_o way_n of_o precept_n from_o the_o king_n or_o lord_n of_o the_o regality_n have_v chapel_n and_o chancelarie_n whereby_o the_o judge_n to_o who_o it_o be_v direct_v be_v ordain_v by_o a_o inquest_n upon_o oath_n to_o inquire_v who_o die_v last_o vest_n and_o seize_v as_o of_o fee_n in_o such_o land_n or_o annualrent_n and_o if_o at_o the_o faith_n and_o peace_n of_o our_o sovereign_a lord_n and_o who_o be_v his_o near_a and_o lawful_a heir_n therein_o of_o who_o it_o be_v hold_v in_o chief_a by_o what_o service_n and_o what_o the_o value_n of_o it_o be_v now_o and_o in_o time_n of_o peace_n and_o if_o the_o say_a heir_n be_v of_o lawful_a age_n in_o
or_o be_v bury_v be_v requisite_a or_o common_a fame_n as_o to_o person_n who_o perish_v or_o be_v kill_v the_o second_o point_n of_o this_o head_n be_v that_o the_o defunct_a die_v last_o vest_n and_o seize_v as_o offee_n which_o must_v be_v instruct_v by_o production_n of_o theinfeftment_n special_o the_o instfrument_n of_o seize_v and_o warrant_v thereof_o or_o ground_n of_o the_o same_o for_o though_o in_o antiquis_fw-la the_o very_a precept_n can_v be_v show_v yet_o the_o charter_n or_o disposition_n will_v be_v a_o sufficientadminicle_n to_o corroberat_o thisseise_v that_o it_o be_v not_o account_v only_o as_o the_o assertion_n of_o a_o natar_n yea_o there_o be_v no_o doubt_n but_o since_o the_o act_n of_o prescription_n consequent_a seising_n have_v the_o course_n of_o forty_o year_n may_v instruct_v this_o point_n be_v sufficient_a even_o in_o the_o case_n of_o competition_n which_o be_v much_o exacter_n than_o this_o and_o spotswood_n observe_v upon_o retour_n that_o in_o anno_fw-la 1547._o a_o negativeservice_n be_v reduce_v upon_o production_n of_o a_o transumpt_n of_o thedefunct_n seize_v out_o of_o a_o protocol_n transume_v before_o a_o comissar_n with_o a_o decreet_a against_o the_o superior_a bear_v to_o have_v confess_v that_o he_o have_v infeft_v the_o defunct_a but_o here_o the_o instruct_v the_o defunct_n be_v once_o infeft_v will_v infer_v a_o presumption_n that_o he_o so_o continue_v and_o so_o die_v infeft_v unless_o the_o contrary_n be_v prove_v that_o he_o be_v denude_v the_o three_o point_n in_o this_o head_n that_o the_o defunct_a die_v at_o the_o faith_n and_o peace_n of_o our_o sovereign_a lord_n be_v also_o presume_v quia_fw-la quod_fw-la inesse_fw-la debet_fw-la 〈◊〉_d and_o therefore_o need_v no_o other_o probation_n but_o lay_v the_o burden_n of_o probation_n upon_o thealledger_n in_o the_o contrary_a viz._n that_o the_o defunct_a die_v rebel_n or_o that_o he_o be_v forfault_v or_o his_o blood_n attiaint_v which_o may_v be_v elide_v by_o the_o reply_v of_o relaxation_n dispensation_n or_o restitution_n but_o there_o use_v small_a notice_n to_o be_v take_v of_o rebellion_n upon_o civil_a debt_n but_o only_o open_a rebellion_n of_o war_n or_o upon_o treasonable_a cause_n whereupon_o the_o defunct_a be_v declare_v fugitve_n which_o make_v the_o defunct_a as_o to_o this_o point_n not_o to_o die_v at_o the_o faith_n of_o our_o sovera_v lord_n november_n 21._o 1626._o seatoun_n supplicant_n 35._o the_o second_o head_n of_o the_o brieve_n be_v that_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi be_v near_a and_o lawful_a heir_n to_o the_o defunct_a in_o these_o land_n which_o resolve_v in_o two_o point_n first_o that_o the_o fee_n be_v provide_v to_o such_o heir_n as_o be_v contain_v in_o the_o claim_n whether_o they_o be_v heir_n of_o line_n or_o of_o conquest_n heir_n portioner_n heir_n of_o marriage_n heir_n male_a or_o of_o tailzie_n and_o provision_n and_o this_o can_v only_o be_v instruct_v by_o the_o defunct_n infeftment_n and_o other_o ancient_a evident_n where_o in_o dutio_fw-la the_o presumption_n be_v always_o for_o the_o heir_n of_o line_n so_o that_o if_o it_o be_v not_o sufficient_o instruct_v that_o the_o fee_n be_v provide_v to_o special_a heir_n it_o will_v belong_v to_o the_o heir_n general_a of_o line_n or_o conquest_n according_a to_o law_n as_o if_o it_o be_v instruct_v by_o three_o consequent_a seising_n which_o ordinary_o do_v not_o express_v the_o the_o several_a kind_n of_o heir_n the_o other_o point_n of_o this_o head_n be_v that_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi of_o the_o brieve_n be_v near_a lawful_a heir_n which_o sometime_o also_o be_v instruct_v by_o the_o infeftment_n as_o when_o the_o person_n to_o be_v serve_v be_v a_o member_n of_o tailzie_n nominat_fw-la as_o if_o the_o infeftment_n bear_v land_n or_o annualrent_n to_o be_v grant_v to_o the_o foot_n and_o to_o the_o heir_n of_o his_o body_n which_o faill_v to_o george_n his_o brother_n etc._n etc._n george_n pursue_v a_o special_a service_n need_v no_o further_a instruction_n because_o that_o he_o be_v george_n the_o defunct_n brother_n pass_v without_o probation_n as_o notorium_fw-la but_o ordinary_o the_o propinquity_n of_o blood_n must_v be_v prove_v to_o the_o foot_n who_o die_v last_o infeft_v or_o to_o some_o member_n of_o tailzie_n substitute_n for_o prove_v whereof_o the_o relation_n must_v be_v particular_o condescend_v on_o according_a to_o the_o line_n of_o succession_n mention_v in_o the_o former_a title_n as_o that_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi be_v the_o defunct_n elder_a son_n or_o the_o elder_a lawful_a son_n of_o that_o son_n or_o that_o they_o be_v the_o daughter_n of_o that_o son_n etc._n etc._n or_o the_o lawful_a daughter_n of_o the_o defunct_a etc._n etc._n and_o it_o will_v not_o be_v sufficient_a to_o instruct_v or_o serve_v the_o pursuer_fw-mi near_a lawful_a heir_n without_o condescend_v here_o also_o the_o propinquity_n of_o blood_n be_v condescend_v on_o and_o prove_v it_o be_v sufficient_a in_o whatsoever_o degree_n can_v be_v prove_v though_o it_o be_v beyond_o the_o tenthdegree_n yea_o any_o degree_n be_v presume_v to_o be_v the_o near_a degree_n unless_o a_o near_a degree_n be_v instruct_v for_o it_o resolve_v in_o this_o negative_a that_o there_o be_v no_o other_o near_a degree_n which_o as_o other_o negative_n prove_v itself_o and_o that_o thepursuer_fw-mi be_v not_o only_o near_a heir_n according_a to_o lineal_a succession_n by_o course_n of_o law_n but_o that_o he_o nor_o none_o of_o the_o intervenient_a blood_n be_v bastard_n or_o unlawful_a child_n which_o be_v instruct_v sufficient_o by_o common_a fame_n or_o be_v so_o hold_v and_o repute_n in_o the_o intermediates_n it_o will_v be_v sufficient_a that_o nothing_o be_v know_v to_o the_o inquest_n on_o the_o contrary_a unless_o bastardrie_n be_v on_o the_o other_o part_n allege_v and_o instruct_v this_o propinquity_n of_o blood_n be_v prove_v either_o by_o writ_n or_o by_o retour_n infeftment_n or_o designation_n or_o acknowledgement_n of_o the_o foot_n for_o the_o time_n bear_v such_o a_o person_n to_o be_v of_o such_o a_o degree_n or_o relation_n to_o he_o and_o in_o antiquis_fw-la writ_n bear_v such_o designation_n and_o acknowledgement_n even_o by_o other_o of_o fame_n will_v be_v sufficient_a for_o there_o be_v not_o equal_a evidence_n of_o fame_n require_v in_o all_o case_n and_o therefore_o when_o the_o fee_n be_v to_o fall_v caduciarie_n and_o to_o cease_v from_o the_o feer'_v proper_a blood_n less_o probation_n will_v serve_v than_o when_o the_o competition_n be_v betwixt_o divers_a person_n of_o the_o same_o blood_n or_o at_o least_o member_n of_o the_o same_o tailzie_n among_o who_o the_o pregnant_a probation_n will_v take_v place_n so_o the_o service_n and_o retour_fw-fr of_o the_o earl_n of_o airth_n then_o design_v earl_n of_o strathern_n be_v reduce_v because_o the_o propinquity_n of_o blood_n not_o sufficient_o instruct_v which_o can_v not_o be_v know_v by_o the_o inquest_n or_o be_v witness_n the_o progress_n thereof_o be_v far_o past_a memory_n of_o man_n and_o hear-say_n or_o common_a fame_n be_v not_o find_v sufficient_a neither_o be_v the_o writ_n produce_v sufficient_a to_o prove_v the_o say_a earl_n propinquity_n of_o blood_n to_o david_n earl_n of_o strathern_n son_n to_o king_n robert_n the_o second_o or_o to_o eupham_n only_a daughter_n to_o the_o say_v david_n and_o patrick_n graham_n her_o spouse_n which_o progress_n not_o be_v sufficient_o instruct_v the_o right_o remain_v with_o the_o king_n as_o the_o unquestionable_a descendent_a of_o the_o say_a king_n robert_n the_o three_o and_o so_o heir_n of_o his_o brother_n the_o say_a david_n earl_n of_o strathern_n so_o that_o no_o other_o lawful_a issue_n be_v prove_v of_o the_o say_v david_n own_o body_n nor_o of_o any_o other_o near_a brother_n all_o his_o right_n remain_v with_o the_o king_n as_o descend_v from_o king_n robert_n the_o three_o who_o be_v brother_n to_o the_o say_v david_n earl_n of_o strathern_n march_n 22_o 1633._o the_o king_n contra_fw-la the_o earl_n of_o strathern_n there_o be_v another_o exception_n against_o this_o head_n that_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi have_v slay_v his_o father_n mother_n good-sire_n grandsire_n etc._n etc._n whereby_o he_o and_o all_o his_o issue_n be_v exclude_v from_o the_o heritage_n of_o the_o party_n slay_v if_o he_o be_v convict_v thereof_o by_o a_o assize_n and_o the_o next_o agnat_n may_v be_v serve_v par._n 1594._o cap._n 220._o which_o be_v not_o sustain_v where_o the_o slayer_n be_v only_o declare_v eugitive_n for_o not_o appear_v to_o underly_a the_o law_n in_o a_o dittay_n for_o slay_v his_o mother_n feb._n 3._o 1674._o mr._n george_n oliphant_n contra_fw-la oliphant_n 36._o the_o three_o head_n of_o the_o brieve_n be_v of_o who_o the_o fee_n be_v hold_v in_o chief_a or_o who_o be_v immediate_a lawful_a superior_a thereof_o and_o this_o also_o be_v instruct_v by_o the_o infeftment_n whereby_o the_o giver_n of_o the_o
serve_v without_o delay_n otherways_o they_o can_v never_o be_v serve_v there_o be_v ever_o possibility_n of_o the_o issue_n of_o men._n yet_o if_o they_o shall_v not_o be_v enter_v before_o the_o superveniency_n even_o though_o but_o in_o the_o womb_n the_o same_o will_v take_v place_n but_o if_o the_o ascendent_n be_v actual_o enter_v the_o law_n afford_v no_o remedy_n reversion_n or_o restitution_n neither_o can_v this_o difficulty_n be_v a_o reason_n against_o the_o succcession_n ofascendents_n because_o the_o question_n be_v only_o betwixt_o they_o and_o their_o own_o child_n and_o nothing_o operat_o in_o favour_n of_o their_o brother_n and_o sister_n or_o their_o descendants_n as_o to_o the_o other_o case_n in_o the_o instance_n propose_v it_o seem_v the_o succeession_n ought_v to_o have_v depend_v till_o the_o event_n of_o the_o lawful_a issue_n of_o marion_n weir_n first_o because_o that_o have_v a_o determine_a time_n by_o the_o course_n of_o nature_n viz._n the_o fift_v or_o fifty_o two_o year_n of_o her_o age_n at_o which_o time_n the_o issue_n of_o woman_n be_v repute_v extinct_a which_o be_v not_o so_o in_o the_o case_n of_o men._n second_o in_o tailzy_n upon_o contract_n and_o for_o onerous_a cause_n respect_n be_v to_o be_v have_v to_o the_o meaning_n and_o interest_n of_o the_o party_n contracter_n and_o in_o dubio_fw-la pars_fw-la mitior_fw-la est_fw-la sequenda_fw-la and_o that_o sense_n be_v to_o be_v embrace_v by_o which_o the_o provision_n can_v have_v some_o effect_n and_o not_o that_o by_o which_o they_o can_v have_v none_o whereby_o it_o may_v seem_v that_o it_o be_v blackwood_n meaning_n that_o the_o succession_n of_o his_o own_o natural_a daughter_n shall_v be_v substitute_n in_o the_o second_o member_n to_o the_o heir_n betwixt_o the_o major_a and_o she_o and_o that_o while_o these_o be_v possibe_v his_o heir_n shall_v have_v no_o place_n otherways_o the_o second_o membet_n have_v be_v elusory_a for_o if_o by_o saill_v the_o heir_n of_o the_o major_a with_o the_o say_v marion_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o say_v major_n decease_n marions_fw-fr heir_n by_o another_o lawful_a husband_n shall_v take_v place_n her_o other_o heir_n can_v never_o take_v place_n for_o she_o can_v not_o have_v another_o lawful_a husband_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o major_n her_o first_o husband_n death_n yet_o the_o reason_n on_o the_o contrary_n be_v no_o less_o pregnant_a and_o that_o in_o this_o case_n as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o heir_n ascendent_a the_o heir_n near_o at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o feer_n death_n shall_v have_v right_n immediate_o to_o succeed_v because_o the_o fee_n necessary_o must_v belong_v to_o some_o person_n and_o it_o can_v hang_v in_o the_o air_n on_o a_o future_a possibility_n which_o be_v a_o principle_n whereof_o mention_n and_o use_n have_v be_v make_v frequent_o before_o second_o if_o that_o be_v the_o meaning_n then_o at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o major_n death_n the_o land_n be_v true_o nullius_fw-la and_o so_o as_o caduciary_n behove_v to_o shall_v to_o the_o king_n as_o vltimus_fw-la haeres_fw-la but_o if_o it_o have_v be_v so_o express_v that_o no_o place_n shall_v be_v to_o the_o heir_n of_o the_o major_n other_o heir_n till_o there_o be_v no_o possibility_n of_o heir_n of_o marion_n weir_n the_o defficulty_n seem_v the_o same_o that_o the_o fee_n shall_v be_v pendent_a and_o nullius_fw-la it_o may_v be_v answer_v that_o even_o in_o that_o other_o case_n the_o major_n other_o heir_n will_v succeed_v notwithstanding_o that_o provision_n which_o do_v but_o resolve_v in_o apersonalobligation_n to_o those_o heir_n to_o forebear_v yet_o they_o be_v heir_n and_o if_o contrary_a the_o provision_n they_o shall_v enter_v it_o will_v give_v interest_n to_o the_o heir_n of_o marion_n weir_n to_o compel_v the_o major_n heir_n have_v enter_v to_o denude_v themselves_o in_o their_o favour_n but_o there_o be_v no_o such_o thing_n in_o this_o case_n and_o as_o to_o the_o reason_n upon_o the_o contrary_a though_o it_o may_v seem_v blackwood_n interest_n that_o the_o heir_n of_o his_o natural_a daughter_n shall_v be_v in_o the_o second_o place_n yet_o non_o fuit_fw-la habilis_fw-la modus_fw-la to_o make_v the_o fee_fw-mi pendent_n and_o nullius_fw-la but_o to_o that_o which_o be_v the_o main_a reason_n otherways_o the_o second_o member_n behove_v to_o be_v elusory_a it_o be_v answer_v that_o it_o be_v not_o elusory_a because_o the_o most_o ordinary_a and_o hope_a case_n be_v that_o there_o shall_v have_v be_v heir_n betwixt_o the_o major_a and_o marion_n who_o if_o they_o have_v die_v without_o issue_n the_o land_n will_v have_v fall_v to_o marion_n heir_n by_o another_o lawful_a husband_n and_o not_o to_o the_o major_n other_o heir_n so_o that_o the_o case_n which_o fall_v out_o that_o there_o be_v no_o child_n procreate_v betwixt_o the_o major_a and_o marion_n be_v not_o fear_v and_o so_o not_o provide_v for_o as_o it_o ofttimes_o fare_v in_o such_o case_n therefore_o we_o conceive_v it_o more_o probable_a that_o in_o all_o case_n that_o person_n who_o at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o defunct_n death_n be_v in_o be_v bear_v or_o unborn_a may_v be_v heir_n and_o immediate_o enter_v so_o soon_o as_o by_o the_o birth_n it_o appear_v who_o may_v be_v serve_v there_o have_v a_o late_a case_n occur_v and_o be_v determine_v on_o that_o occasion_n the_o late_a earl_n of_o leven_n tailzy_v his_o estate_n and_o dignity_n to_o the_o heir_n male_a of_o his_o body_n which_o faill_v to_o the_o elder_a heir_n female_a without_o division_n which_o faill_v to_o the_o second_o son_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o rothess_n which_o faill_v to_o the_o second_o son_n of_o the_o lord_n melvil_n who_o have_v marry_v the_o earl_n of_o levens_n sister_n which_o faill_v to_o the_o second_o son_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o weemes_n who_o have_v marry_v his_o mother_n leven_n leave_v three_o daughter_n after_o he_o who_o die_v all_o un-entered_n rothess_n have_v no_o second_o son_n david_n melvil_n second_o son_n to_o the_o lord_n melvil_n take_v a_o brieve_n out_o of_o the_o chancery_n to_o serve_v himself_o heir_n of_o tailzie_n to_o the_o earl_n of_o leven_n the_o earl_n of_o rothess_n take_v a_o gift_n of_o the_o nonentry_n in_o the_o name_n of_o sr._n william_n bruce_n who_o raise_v a_o advocation_n of_o the_o brieve_n with_o a_o declarator_n that_o while_o there_o be_v no_o hope_n of_o a_o second_o son_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o rothess_n body_n david_n melvil_n nor_o no_o son_n of_o a_o subsequent_a branch_n can_v be_v enter_v or_o declare_v that_o the_o land_n be_v in_o nonentrie_n both_o member_n of_o the_o say_a declarator_n the_o lord_n do_v sustain_v and_o stop_v the_o service_n albeit_o many_o inconvenience_n be_v represent_v thence_o arise_v as_o that_o there_o can_v be_v no_o active_a title_n for_o pursue_v the_o right_n of_o the_o family_n or_o for_o receive_v vassal_n nor_o any_o access_n to_o the_o estate_n passiuè_fw-fr by_o creditor_n but_o the_o lord_n do_v reserve_v to_o the_o special_a declarator_n how_o far_o the_o nonentry_n will_v reach_v whether_o to_o the_o retoured_a duty_n only_o or_o to_o the_o full_a rent_n but_o many_o of_o the_o lordswerc_n of_o opinion_n that_o david_n melvil_n shall_v enter_v as_o heir_n of_o tilzie_n yet_o so_o that_o if_o the_o chancellor_n have_v a_o second_o son_n he_o or_o his_o issue_n will_v succeed_v as_o heir_n of_o tailzie_n to_o david_n melvil_n and_o neither_o his_o own_o heir_n of_o line_n nor_o the_o earl_n of_o weemes_n second_n son_n because_o at_o the_o time_n of_o david_n melvil_n death_n the_o chancellor_n second_o son_n will_v be_v a_o near_a heir_n of_o tailzie_n to_o david_n than_o his_o own_o son_n as_o be_v of_o a_o prior_n branch_n of_o the_o tailzie_n feb._n 22._o 1677._o sr._n william_n bruce_n contra_fw-la david_n melvil_n but_o the_o lord_n find_v that_o the_o nonentrie_n by_o the_o special_a declarator_n can_v not_o reach_v to_o the_o full_a rent_n but_o only_o to_o the_o retoured_a duty_n see_v the_o apparent_a heir_n be_v neither_o in_o culpa_fw-la nor_o mora_fw-la which_o do_v only_o infer_v the_o full_a duty_n and_o therefore_o find_v the_o donatar_n have_v right_a to_o the_o retoured_a duty_n and_o that_o the_o remainder_n continue_v in_o haereditate_fw-la jacente_fw-la to_o be_v manage_v by_o the_o lord_n malvil_n as_o curator_n datus_fw-la bonis_fw-la of_o the_o estate_n of_o leven_n by_o the_o king_n have_v power_n to_o manage_v the_o affair_n of_o that_o estate_n as_o a_o tutor_n or_o as_o if_o a_o heir_n have_v be_v enter_v july_n 24._o 1677._o inter_fw-la eosdem_fw-la 51._o it_o come_v ofttimes_o to_o pass_v that_o through_o the_o unclear_a conception_n of_o clause_n of_o provision_n it_o become_v dubious_a who_o be_v thereby_o constitut_o foot_n and_o who_o liferenter_fw-la as_o be_v ordinary_a when_o sum_n of_o
january_n 29._o 1673._o stewart_n contra_fw-la stewart_n but_o conquest_n be_v only_o understand_v of_o what_o the_o husband_n acquire_v more_o after_o his_o contract_n of_o marriage_n than_o what_o he_o have_v before_o and_o therefore_o if_o he_o acquire_v land_n annualrent_n sum_n or_o good_n if_o he_o instruct_v that_o he_o have_v as_o much_o or_o a_o part_n thereof_o before_o as_o he_o sell_v the_o superplus_n will_v only_o be_v count_v conquest_n and_o though_o he_o have_v not_o dispone_v on_o any_o thing_n he_o have_v before_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d he_o contract_v debt_n for_o purchase_v the_o conquest_n it_o will_v be_v burther_v with_o the_o annualrent_a of_o the_o debt_n as_o be_v find_v in_o the_o former_a case_n and_o the_o like_a december_n 20._o 1665._o lady_n kilbocho_fw-es contra_fw-la laird_n of_o kilbocho_fw-es june_n 27._o 1676._o earl_n of_o dumfermling_n contra_fw-la earl_n of_o callender_n the_o like_a be_v find_v in_o a_o provision_n of_o conquest_n of_o all_o the_o husband_n be_v good_n and_o gear_n acquire_v during_o the_o marriage_n to_o the_o wife_n for_o her_o liferent_a use_n which_o be_v find_v to_o be_v with_o the_o burden_n of_o the_o husband_n debt_n contract_v before_o or_o after_o and_o so_o to_o import_v only_o liferent_a of_o the_o free_a geer_n december_n 23._o 1660_o jane_n smith_n contra_fw-la margaret_n muire_n and_o where_o a_o husband_n be_v oblige_v to_o employ_v a_o definite_a sum_n for_o himself_o his_o wife_n and_o bairn_n of_o the_o marriage_n and_o also_o his_o conquest_n and_o have_v acquire_v a_o tenement_n during_o the_o marriage_n to_o himself_o and_o his_o heir_n whatsoever_o that_o tenement_n be_v apply_v to_o the_o definite_a sum_n primo_fw-la loco_fw-la and_o the_o superplus_n as_o a_o conquest_n january_n 4._o 1672._o beaty_n contra_fw-la roxburgh_n so_o much_o for_o the_o be_v and_o interest_n of_o heir_n as_o for_o the_o prove_v and_o instruct_v who_o be_v heir_n the_o most_o ordinary_a by_o way_n of_o retour_fw-fr or_o infefment_n as_o heir_n or_o by_o a_o service_n though_o not_o retour_v but_o those_o instruction_n must_v be_v repete_v in_o every_o several_a process_n for_o so_o a_o heir_n active_a be_v find_v not_o to_o be_v instruct_v by_o a_o decreet_a at_o his_o instance_n as_o heir_n against_o the_o same_o defender_n and_o in_o the_o same_o matter_n without_o reproduction_n of_o the_o instruction_n feb._n 22._o 1629._o stewart_n contra_fw-la wilson_n neither_o be_v it_o instruct_v passiuè_n by_o a_o decreet_a of_o the_o comissar_n by_o production_n of_o the_o defender_n seisine_n without_o 〈◊〉_d thereof_o had._n neither_o be_v it_o instruct_v passiuè_n by_o the_o king_n gratuitous_a restitution_n of_o the_o apparent_a heir_n of_o a_o forefault_n person_n which_o make_v he_o capable_a of_o his_o father_n right_n but_o not_o heir_n nor_o successor_n to_o he_o hope_v forefaliure_v halyburton_n contra_fw-la lord_n balmerino_n neither_o by_o a_o bond_n wherein_o the_o party_n design_v himself_o heir_n or_o at_o least_o apparent_a heir_n which_o relate_v nothing_o to_o the_o benefit_n of_o succession_n january_n 24._o 1626._o laird_n of_o glenkindie_n contra_fw-la crawfoord_n neither_o by_o a_o award_n of_o a_o town_n court_n recognosce_v a_o burgess_n heir_n to_o his_o predecessor_n spotswood_n heir_n gudelet_n contra_fw-la john_n adamson_n title_n xxviii_o behave_v as_o heir_n 1._o gestio_fw-la pro_fw-la haerede_fw-la describe_v 2._o the_o time_n when_o this_o passive_a title_n be_v introduce_v 3._o the_o reason_n of_o introduce_v it_o 4._o the_o latitude_n use_v in_o this_o title_n 5._o this_o title_n not_o competent_a after_o the_o intromette_n death_n or_o where_o there_o be_v any_o colour_n able_a title_n 6._o behave_v as_o heir_n by_o intromission_n with_o heirship_n only_o competent_a against_o heir_n of_o line_n 7._o intromission_n of_o tutor_n or_o curator_n infer_v not_o gestionem_fw-la against_o the_o pupil_n or_o minor_n 8._o case_n infer_v gestion_n by_o intromission_n with_o the_o heirship_n moveable_n 9_o exception_n against_o this_o member_n of_o the_o title_n as_o first_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi must_v instruct_v that_o the_o defunct_a be_v either_o baron_n prelat_n or_o burgess_n by_o infeftment_n of_o land_n or_o 〈◊〉_d 10._o the_o 2._o defence_n against_o intromission_n with_o heirship_n movable_n and_o vicious_a intromission_n that_o the_o defunct_a die_v rebel_n and_o his_o escheat_n gift_v before_o intent_v the_o creditor_n pursuit_n 11._o the_o 3._o defense_n that_o the_o apparent_a heir_n intromet_v by_o a_o gift_n to_o himself_o or_o to_o his_o behoof_n 12._o the_o 4._o when_o movable_n belong_v to_o a_o defunct_a remain_n in_o his_o house_n whereunto_o his_o apparent_a heir_n have_v right_a by_o infeftment_n 13._o gestion_n by_o intromet_v with_o land_n tiend_n or_o tack_n wherein_o the_o intrometter_n may_v be_v heir_n 14._o defence_n against_o this_o member_n 15._o gestion_n by_o intromet_v with_o the_o defunct_n charter_n chest._n 16._o item_n by_o intromission_n with_o sum_n due_a to_o the_o defunct_a or_o do_v any_o deed_n that_o may_v transmit_v the_o defunct_n right_a 17._o this_o passiive_a title_n exclude_v unless_o establish_v in_o the_o behaver_n in_o the_o behaver_n life-time_n 18._o how_o far_o heir_n portioner_n behave_a as_o heir_n be_v liable_a and_o whether_o behave_v as_o heir_n exclud_v the_o benefit_n of_o 〈◊〉_d and_o relief_n competent_a to_o heir_n actual_o enter_v gestio_fw-la pro_fw-la haerede_fw-la be_v the_o apparent_a heir_n disorderly_a entry_n and_o immix_v himself_o with_o the_o heritage_n without_o order_n of_o law_n and_o therefore_o it_o give_v he_o no_o right_n nor_o active_a title_n as_o heir_n but_o make_v he_o only_a heir_n 〈◊〉_d whereby_o he_o represent_v the_o defunct_a in_o all_o his_o debt_n and_o burden_n and_o be_v liable_a for_o they_o all_o 2._o this_o passive_a title_n as_o spot_n observe_v be_v but_o introduce_v by_o the_o lord_n of_o session_n and_o be_v not_o before_o the_o institution_n of_o the_o college_n of_o justice_n the_o apparent_a heir_n be_v only_o liable_a for_o restitution_n of_o the_o single_a value_n former_o as_o be_v find_v in_o the_o case_n of_o a_o heir_n intromission_n with_o the_o heirship_n movable_a november_n 14._o 1546._o janet_n seatoun_n lady_n dirlton_n contra_fw-la anna_n 〈◊〉_d 3._o the_o reason_n of_o introduce_v this_o passive_a title_n be_v in_o favour_n of_o creditor_n that_o they_o be_v not_o un-satisfied_n or_o shift_v by_o the_o heir_n of_o the_o defunct_a debtor_n who_o if_o they_o may_v continue_v possession_n of_o their_o predecessor_n mean_n and_o estate_n and_o be_v but_o countable_a will_v rare_o enter_v and_o hundle_n up_o their_o intromission_n and_o with_o time_n ascribe_v it_o to_o singular_a title_n abstract_v their_o predecessor_n right_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v a_o expedient_a custom_n that_o they_o shall_v either_o enter_v legal_o and_o for_o good_a and_o all_o or_o that_o they_o shall_v whole_o abstain_v especial_o see_v the_o law_n allow_v they_o a_o year_n to_o inquire_v into_o the_o condition_n of_o the_o desunct_n heretage_n whether_o it_o will_v afford_v they_o loss_n or_o gain_n during_o which_o time_n they_o may_v deliberat_fw-la and_o if_o they_o abstain_v can_v be_v trouble_v by_o none_o so_o that_o though_o it_o may_v seem_v rigorous_a for_o a_o small_a intromission_n to_o make_v the_o intromet_a liable_a for_o all_o the_o defunct_n debt_n how_o great_a soever_o yet_o it_o be_v so_o easy_a to_o abstain_v and_o the_o hazard_n know_v the_o expediency_n and_o favour_n of_o the_o creditor_n proponderate_v the_o wilful_a disadvantage_n of_o the_o debtor_n heir_n 4._o in_o this_o title_n the_o lord_n have_v always_o take_v great_a latitude_n and_o sometime_o have_v find_v small_a intromission_n not_o relevant_a to_o infer_v this_o title_n in_o odions_a 〈◊〉_d november_n 6._o 1622._o laird_n of_o dundas_n contra_fw-la hamilton_n of_o peill_n where_o a_o decreet_a of_o spulzie_a of_o tiend_n be_v obtain_v against_o peill_n 〈◊〉_d and_o never_o insist_v in_o till_o in_o his_o time_n he_o be_v convene_v as_o heir_n to_o his_o father_n who_o have_v behave_v himself_o as_o heir_n to_o the_o good-sire_n in_o so_o far_o as_o he_o have_v enter_v and_o dwell_v in_o the_o house_n of_o peill_n and_o there_o be_v in_o the_o house_n the_o goodsire_n best_a board_n stand_v bed_n and_o brew_v cauldron_n he_o use_v the_o same_o by_o eat_v at_o the_o board_n lie_v in_o the_o bed_n and_o brew_v in_o the_o cauldron_n and_o desiver_v the_o good_a sire_n beiff_n pot_n to_o a_o flesher_n for_o flesh_n furnish_v to_o the_o defender_n father_n the_o defender_n mother_n have_v keep_v possession_n of_o these_o heirship_n good_n for_o five_o year_n before_o 5._o yet_o this_o condescendence_n be_v not_o find_v relevant_a in_o this_o case_n the_o passive_a title_n be_v not_o establish_v before_o the_o defender_n father_n death_n as_o the_o lord_n late_o find_v that_o these_o passive_a title_n quae_fw-la sapiunt_fw-la
delictum_fw-la shall_v not_o be_v competent_a after_o the_o intrometter_n death_n it_o be_v also_o think_v by_o the_o whole_a lord_n after_o dispute_v in_o presentia_fw-la upon_o this_o title_n that_o it_o take_v only_o place_n where_o there_o appear_v the_o apparent_a heir_n animus_n immiscendi_fw-la &_o adeundi_fw-la haereditatem_fw-la and_o not_o where_o he_o have_v any_o probable_a or_o colourable_a title_n spot_n heirship_n corser_n contra_fw-la durie_n yet_o in_o favourable_a case_n a_o small_a intromission_n be_v sustain_v as_o make_v use_n of_o the_o defnuct'_v chief_a bed_n and_o board_n though_o stand_v in_o the_o defunct_n house_n see_v the_o heir_n enter_v the_o house_n before_o he_o obtain_v inventary_a of_o the_o movable_n make_v by_o authority_n of_o a_o judge_n though_o the_o house_n belong_v to_o himself_o proprio_fw-la jure_fw-la march_n 8._o 1610._o john_n bailzie_n contra_fw-la hoom_n of_o bassenden_n or_o by_o intromission_n with_o a_o mazer_n cup_n of_o the_o defunct_n and_o drink_v therein_o enter_v in_o the_o house_n when_o he_o die_v lie_v in_o his_o bed_n and_o bed_n clothes_n stand_v there_o and_o wear_v his_o silk_n stocking_n though_o all_o these_o be_v undisposed_a upon_o and_o that_o the_o defunct_n mother_n who_o have_v give_v they_o to_o her_o son_n have_v meddle_v therewith_o who_o die_v in_o a_o chamber_n belong_v to_o his_o mother_n and_o his_o name_n be_v upon_o the_o mazer_n january_n 15._o 1630._o cleghorn_n contra_fw-la fairly_n 6._o there_o be_v two_o case_n of_o behave_v as_o heir_n viz._n intromission_n with_o the_o movable_a heirship_n and_o intromission_n with_o the_o land_n teind_n tack_n or_o other_o right_n which_o may_v have_v belong_v to_o the_o intromitter_n as_o heir_n in_o both_o which_o case_n the_o intromission_n will_v not_o infer_v this_o passive_a title_n unless_o the_o intrometter_n may_v succeed_v in_o the_o same_o particular_n and_o therefore_o the_o apparent_a heir_n of_o line_n and_o no_o other_o can_v be_v liable_a by_o intromission_n with_o heirship_n movable_a because_o the_o same_o can_v only_o belong_v to_o the_o heir_n of_o line_n so_o the_o intromission_n with_o rent_n of_o land_n tiend_n or_o tack_v will_v not_o infer_v gestionem_fw-la unless_o by_o the_o apparent_a heir_n who_o will_v succeed_v therein_o according_a as_o they_o be_v provide_v to_o heir_n of_o line_n of_o conquest_n heir_n male_a or_o of_o tailzie_n or_o provision_n neither_o will_v any_o other_o intromission_n be_v relevant_a but_o what_o be_v immediate_a or_o by_o express_a warrant_n command_v or_o ratihabition_n 7._o a_o tutor_n or_o curator_n intromission_n will_v not_o infer_v gestionem_fw-la upon_o his_o pupil_n unless_o he_o accept_v the_o same_o from_o the_o tutor_n in_o his_o account_n nor_o the_o intromission_n of_o one_o have_v a_o general_a commission_n as_o factor_n etc._n etc._n it_o be_v so_o find_v in_o the_o case_n of_o a_o tutor_n intromission_n with_o the_o rent_n of_o the_o pupil_n predecessor_n land_n for_o the_o restitution_n whereof_o he_o be_v only_o find_v liable_a nevember_n 3._o 1665._o david_n boyd_n contra_fw-la tailzfair_n 8._o behave_v as_o heir_n by_o intromission_n with_o the_o movable_a heirship_n be_v most_o unquestionable_a when_o the_o say_v movable_a be_v choose_v draw_v and_o separat_fw-la by_o the_o heir_n from_o the_o remanent_fw-la moveable_n in_o which_o case_n the_o apparent_a heir_n will_v not_o be_v admit_v to_o allege_v that_o the_o defunct_a can_v not_o have_v a_o heir_n or_o heirship_n movable_a when_o he_o former_o draw_v the_o same_o july_n 13._o 1631._o laird_n of_o of_o gadgirth_n contra_fw-la laird_n of_o auchinleck_n but_o it_o seem_v very_o hard_a where_o the_o apparent_a heir_n choice_n of_o such_o particular_n as_o the_o best_a of_o every_o kind_a for_o her_o heirship_n do_v not_o evident_o appear_v for_o that_o must_v be_v account_v the_o best_a which_o be_v such_o in_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o apparent_a heir_n and_o yet_o in_o favourable_a case_n intromission_n with_o any_o kind_a of_o moveable_n out_o of_o which_o heirship_n may_v be_v draw_v will_v be_v find_v sufficient_a and_o repute_v as_o the_o heir_n choice_n as_o the_o apparent_a heir_n make_v use_n of_o his_o father_n board_n lie_v in_o his_o bed_n though_o he_o dispose_v not_o thereof_o and_o though_o the_o same_o be_v stand_v in_o a_o house_n dispone_v to_o he_o by_o his_o father_n before_o contract_v of_o the_o debt_n pursue_v on_o see_v he_o continue_v two_o year_n in_o possession_n and_o get_v no_o warrant_n from_o the_o lord_n or_o make_v any_o inventary_n thereof_o july_n 14._o 1626._o gilbert_n johnston_n and_o masson_n his_o spouse_n contra_fw-la masson_n the_o like_a by_o make_v use_n of_o the_o defunct's_n bassin_n silver_n spoon_n timber_n bed_n and_o board_n without_o alienation_n thereof_o though_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o intromission_n be_v when_o the_o intrometter_n be_v not_o apparent_a heir_n himself_o but_o be_v tutor_n to_o another_o heir_n who_o be_v idiot_n see_v he_o continue_v five_o year_n after_o the_o idiot_n death_n himself_o be_v then_o apparent_a heir_n january_n 17._o 1627._o frazer_n contra_fw-la monimusk_n yet_o the_o contrary_n be_v find_v where_o the_o intromission_n begin_v before_o the_o intrometter_n be_v apparent_a heir_n there_o be_v a_o near_a apparent_a heir_n though_o it_o continue_v after_o that_o near_o apparent_a heir_n death_n when_o the_o intrometter_n be_v apparent_a heir_n july_n 〈◊〉_d 1629._o mr._n robert_n cwingham_n contra_fw-la moultry_n yea_o behave_v as_o heir_n be_v sustain_v by_o intromission_n with_o certain_a good_n of_o the_o defunct_a which_o may_v have_v be_v heirship_n though_o they_o be_v confirm_v promiscous_o by_o a_o executor_n and_o buy_v from_o he_o by_o the_o apparent_a heir_n but_o this_o executor_n be_v his_o own_o domestic_a servant_n and_o confirm_v to_o his_o own_o behoof_n december_n 16._o 1630._o weir_n contra_fw-la ker_n of_o cavers_n the_o like_a where_o the_o heirship_n good_n be_v sell_v to_o the_o apparent_a heir_n by_o a_o stranger_n see_v they_o be_v not_o deliver_v to_o that_o stranger_n but_o possess_v by_o the_o defunct_a till_o his_o decease_n but_o his_o possession_n continue_v by_o the_o apparent_a heir_n nicol._n plus_fw-fr valet_fw-la quod_fw-la agitur_fw-la feb._n 9_o 1621._o melvil_n contra_fw-la melvil_n but_o the_o contrary_n be_v find_v the_o good_n be_v dispone_v by_o the_o defunct_a to_o the_o apparent_a heir_n albeit_o not_o deliver_v before_o his_o death_n otherways_o than_o that_o the_o defunct_a be_v un-married_n come_v to_o his_o son_n house_n and_o live_v with_o he_o till_o his_o death_n january_n 30._o 1630._o calderwood_n contra_fw-la porteous_n neither_o be_v the_o same_o infer_v by_o a_o disposition_n of_o the_o defunct_a to_o his_o apparent_a heir_n of_o certain_a moveable_n in_o satisfaction_n of_o his_o heirship_n moveable_n whereunto_o he_o may_v succeed_v feb._n 24._o 1636._o meidhope_n contra_fw-la hepburn_n 9_o the_o ordinary_a objection_n and_o exception_n against_o behave_v as_o heir_n by_o intromission_n with_o the_o heirship_n movable_a be_v first_o that_o the_o defunct_a be_v neither_o prelate_n baron_n nor_o burgess_n to_o who_o heir_n only_o heirship_v movable_a be_v competent_a by_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n the_o extent_n whereof_o be_v show_v in_o the_o former_a title_n and_o therefore_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi must_v condescend_v and_o instruct_v that_o the_o defunct_a be_v either_o baron_n prelat_n or_o burgess_n which_o will_v besufficient_o instruct_v by_o the_o defunct_n infeftment_n of_o land_n or_o annualrent_n at_o any_o time_n for_o thence_o it_o will_v be_v presume_v that_o he_o continue_v undenude_v till_o his_o death_n semel_fw-la baro_fw-la semper_fw-la baro_fw-la presumptiuè_fw-la and_o this_o will_v be_v elide_v by_o this_o exception_n that_o the_o defunct_a be_v denude_v before_o his_o death_n for_o though_o some_o have_v be_v of_o opinion_n that_o semel_fw-la baro_fw-la semper_fw-la baro_fw-la be_v mean_v that_o though_o a_o person_n once_o infeft_v be_v denude_v yet_o his_o heir_n will_v have_v heirship_n as_o a_o baron_n for_o which_o i_o find_v neither_o reason_n nor_o decision_n but_o it_o be_v most_o reasonable_a that_o he_o who_o be_v once_o prove_v to_o be_v a_o baron_n shall_v be_v presume_v so_o to_o continue_v unless_o the_o contrary_n be_v prove_v that_o he_o be_v denude_v it_o be_v so_o find_v january_n 27._o 1636._o straiton_n contra_fw-la chirnside_n but_o if_o the_o legal_a be_v not_o expire_v at_o the_o defunct_n death_n he_o be_v not_o esteem_v denude_v and_o therefore_o his_o heir_n have_v heirship_n feb._n 26._o 1663._o cuthbert_n of_o draky_n contra_fw-la monro_n of_o foulis_n july_n 8._o 1628._o dumbar_n contra_fw-la lesly_n neither_o will_v it_o be_v sufficient_a that_o the_o defunct_a be_v once_o burgess_n but_o itmu_v be_v prove_v that_o when_o he_o die_v he_o be_v act_v as_o a_o burgess_n so_o that_o neither_o the_o heir_n of_o honorary_a burgess_n nor_o they_o who_o once_o be_v