Taffata wrought Velvet Grograms Sayes whole and half Velvet baggs silk laces say and linnen All manner of twined thred wrought silk refined sugar prepared buff and Ox hides as also Spanish leather pictures books cables ropes and other ship-furniture cards pinns and all kind of mercery dried and salt fishes herring butter cheese and bisket the people are of the reformed religion but Flanders and Artois and they are Papists they suffer any religion amongst them the principal order of Knighthood ordained by these Princes is that of the Golden Fleece instituted one thousand four hundred thirty nine ordained as some conceive from Gideons fleece their habit is a collar of gold interlaced with iron seeming to strike fire out of a flint or ex ferro flammam being the word at the end whereof hung the Toison'd at Or or a fleece of gold the King of Spain may now make as many of them as he please There are in these parts three Arch-bishops fifteen Bishops Germany is one of the greatest Provinces in Europe and is in the midst thereof bounded on the east with Hungary and Polonia on the south with Italy and Bolonia on the west with France and on the north with the north sea and with the sea called Mare Balticum In the middest whereof lyeth Bohemia wherein stands Praguâ— where the Emperour commonly keeps his court it is adorned with magnificent towres well fortified and furnished with such a number of castles and of villages such abundance of people and with such politique government that she may compare with any The soyl is fruitful both in corn and wine it hath many navigable rivers stored with plenty of fishes most excellent fountaines and hot Bathes Mines of gold silver tin copper lead and iron it hath very learned men skilful in all sciences and mechanick arts the religion is here very diverse for there being many free Provinces some are Papists some Protestants and of these again some Calvinists some Lutherans There are six Arch-bishops and thirty four Bishops Denmark and Norway are very great regions bordering southward upon Germany they extend toward the north to seventy one degrees and thirty minutes and north Latitude towards the east they border upon Sweden and on the west and north-side they are invironed with the sea they at this time are under the government of one King who is Lord of Seland Greenland Hitland and Gothland these Kingdoms afford unto other lands oxen barley malt stock-fish tallow sand nuts hides goat-skins masts deales oaken boards wood to burn pitch tarre brimstone and the like their religion is the Lutherans The chief order of Knighthood in it is that of the Elephant their Badge a collar powdered with Elephants towred supporting the Kings arms and having at the end the picture of the Virgin Mary The arms of the Land are quarterly Or three Lions pasant Vert crowned of the first for the Kingdome of Denmark and two Gules a Lion rampant Or crowned and armed of the first in the Paws a Dansk hatchet argent for the Kingdome of Norway there are two Arch-Bishops thirteen Bishops Sweden is a great and mighty kingdome bordering on the east upon Muscovia on the south unto the Baltick Sea and Denmark on the west unto Norway and on the north unto the Finmark and the Zurick Sea The merchandises it selleth are copper iron lead costly furres buff and ox hides goat-skins tallow pitch barly malt Hazel-nuts and such like things their religion is Lutheran the arms of the Kingdome Azure three crowns Or hath two Arch-bishops eight Bishops Russia is the last region towards the east in Europe a good part of it is in Asia it is bounded on the north with the Frozen Sea on the east with Tartaria on the west it borders upon Livonia and on the realm of Sweden and on the south with the sea called Mare Caspium the greatest part is extreme cold but for the help of the inhabitants nature hath stored it with furs sables white fox martins and other commodities as cattel corn and fruit the whole region is subject to the Emperor of Russia a wast tract and as wild a government The people are base ignorant contentious and foolishly superstitious after the Greek Church they deny the proceeding of the Holy Ghost they bury their dead upright with many other ceremonies Muscovia is the seat of the Empire The country affords very good flax and hoop to make casks and ropes and store of hides as well of oxen as helks much salt fish and whales grease the arms are sable a partel open of two leases and as many degrees Or. Here is one Patriarch two Arch-bishops eighteen Bishops Poland is bounded on the south with Moldavia and Hungary on the east with Muscovia and with the Tartaries per O Coptiques on the west with Germany and on the north with the Baltick Sea the religion is partly with the Greek Church partly with the Roman and so there are here of the Romish Church three Arch-bishops and nineteen Bishops and of the Greek Church two Arch-bishops and six Bishops The arms are one Gem and Eagle an Ass argent crowned and Nowed Or for the region of Polonia and two Gules a Chevaleir armed Cap a pe pe advancing his sword argent mounted upon a barbed courser of the second for the Dukedome of Lituania the commodities sent thence are Spruce or Dantz beer amber wheat rye and other grain hony wax hemp flax pitch and tarr it hath also mines of copper and iron Hungary is bounded on the south with Bosnia and Croatia on the west with Germany on the east with Moldavia and Valacha and on the north with Polonia a great and mighty Kingdome and exceeding fruitful it hath many navigable rivers wherein are multitude of fish The people are strong and shew their antiquity to be of the Scythians by theiâ— neglect of learning and barbarous manners their sons equally inherit without priviledge of Birthright their daughters portion is onely a new attire The German Emperor and the Turk share it between them the commodities that go from thence are divers sorts of colours wheat beef salt wine and river-fish salted the arms are bar wise of eight pieces Gules and argent there are here two Arch-bishops thirteen Bishops Sclavonia hath on the south the Adriatick Sea on the west part of Italy Greece on the south east and Hungary on the north part of it belongs to the Turk some to the Venetian estate some to the Hungarians and some to the Austrians the arms Argent a Cardinals hat the strings meeting in base Gules perpendant and placed in a true loves knot there are four Arch-Bishops twenty six Bishops Greece once a mother of learning and arts now the den of the Turkish Empire who hath its abode at Constantinople it is bounded on the west with the Adriatick Sea on the north with the mountain Hemus on the south with the Mediterranean Sea and on the east Aegypt Hellespont Propontis The commodities brought
Vice-Roy defence of the Island the Arms are four Pallets Gules sable being those of Arragon between two Flanches Argent charged with as many Eagles Sabel beaked Gulâ—s It hath had seven Princes four Dukes thiâ—teen Marquesses fourteen Earls one Viscount and forty eight Barons the people are Papists and have three Arch-Bishops and nine Bishops The Island and kingdome of Sardinia in Italy lyeth west from Scicilie from the neerest point Cape Boy or Cape Bara It is distant about two hundred miles it is in lenghth one hundred eighty miles ninety in breadth five hundred sixty in the circuit and is situate under the fourteenth climate the longest day being fourteen houres there is neither Woolf nor Serpent neither venomous or hurtful beast but the fox onely and a little creature like a spider which will by no means endure the sight of the Sun excep◠〈◊〉 by violence Some pools it hath very plentiful of fish but generally are destitute of River-water that they are faiâ— to keep the rain which fals in winter for their use in summer by means whereof and for that there is is no passage for the Northern winds being obstructed by the high mountains neer Cap-Lugudori the air is generally unhealthy if not pestilential The soil is very fertile but ill manured well stored with all sorts of cattel the horses hereof â—ot headstrong and hard to be broken but will last long the bullocks naturally gentle so that the country-man doth as familiarly ride them as they do in Spain on Mules or Asses here is also the beast called Mufrones or Muscriones found in Corsica also but in no other part of Europe somewhat resembling a Stagg but of so strong an hide that it is used by the Italians in stead of Armour of the skinne of which carryed to Cordova in Spain and there dressed is made the right Cordovant leather also there is an herb whereof if one eat it is said that he will dye with laughter the herb being of such a poysonous nature that it causeth the man to dye with such a convulsion of sineâ—s thaâ— he seemeth to grinne or laugh at the time of his death The people are small of staâ—â—re their complexion inclining unto swarthiness rude in manners very slothful and rebellious yet given to hunting their dyet mean their appaâ—â—el in towns gorgeous in villages base their religion papistically formal little curious their Clergy being counted the most illiterate and ignorant in that part of the world called Chrisâ—endome it 〈◊〉 now in the hands of the king of Spain 〈◊〉 by a Vice Roy who resides at Calariâ— and must of necessity be a Spaâ—â—ard under whom are 〈◊〉 Deputies Governour◠〈…〉 what profits arise here to the King of Spain I have no where found The arms hereof are said to be Or a cross Gules betwixt four Saraçens heads Sable curled argent There are also divers small islands belonging thereunto And lastly it hath three Arch-bishops and fifteen Bishops The lands of the Church or the Popes Dominions in Italy lie west of the realm of Naples extended north and south from the Adriatick to the Tuscan Seas bounded on the north-east with the river Trontus on the south-east with the Axofenus by which two parted from that kingdome as on the northwest by the rivers Poe and Frore by which separated from the State of Venice and on the southwest by the river Piscio by which it is divided from the modern Tuscany or the State of the Florentine It is the middle of Italy having in breadth from one Sea unto another above one hundred miles and in length above three hundred miles the land exceeding fertile abounding with multitudes of people seldome consumed with wars they are good husbands for their ground but no tradesmen for Manufactures there have been fifteen Exarches of Ravenna in Romandiola seventeen Dukes and Marquesses of Ferrara the revenue whereof was two hundred fifty thousand crowns yearely but now it is not worth so much to the Pope there have been also six Dukes of Urbin the revenues are one hundred thousand crowns but the chiefest glory they have is of the city Rome sometime the Empress of the world there are accounted to have passed in it sixty five Bishops before it usurped the spiritual supremacy over Christendome Bonifacius the third in the year of Christ six hundred and six making the sixty sixth Bishop so fulâ—illing the mark of Antichrist Rev. 13. 18. of the number six hundred sixty six which also the numeral letters make up in his arrogant Title Genera Lis VICar Ius DeI In terrIs The Bishops taking this Title in the year one thousand six hundred forty four had been one hundred seventy nine and both added together two hundred forty four and how many more they shall be he onely knoweth who knoweth all things the ordinary temporal revenues of the Pope are two millions of crowns but the extraordinary spiritual twice as much There were several orders of monks installed at several times called the orders of Sainâ—Basil Austin Ierome Carmelites Crouched Fryers Dominicans Benedictines Franciscans Iesuites and Oratorians And of women the Orders chiefly of Clare and Bridget which to name onely I think may suffice in a Treatise of this nature The Arch-Bishops here are forty four the Bishops fifty seven The Italian Provinces of the State of Venice lie northward of the lands of the Church from Romandiola to the Alps bounded on the South with the Territory of Ferrara and the rest of Romandiola on the west with the Dukedome of Millain on the north with the main body of the Alps and on the east with the Adriatick sea and the river Arsia by which it s parted from Liburnia a Sclavonian province It abounds with wise people and fruitful cities and countries their religion is popish but not so absolutely slavish as the rest They bâ—ptize the Sea yearely and their Duke marryeth it as often Their government is Aristocratical and popular they have had neer one hundred Dukes of Venice they have two principal orders of Knighthood of Saint Mark the Patron of the city instituted one thousand three hundred thirty and renewed one thousand five hundred sixty two They are to be of noble blood at least a Gentleman their word or Motto is Pax tibi Marce the other is of the glorious Virgin instituted one thousand two hundred twenty two their charge is to defend Widows and Orphans and to procure as much as in them is the peace of Italy The Arms of the order is a purple cross between certain stars the Habit a white Surcoat over a russet cloak and seems to be religious as well as military there are in this Italian part of Venice two Patriarchs and sixteen Bishops The Dukedome of Florence or the estate of the Gâ—eat Duke of Tuscany is divided in the east from Saint Peters Patâ—imony by the river Pisca on the west from the Common-wealth of Genoa by thâ—river Macra and the strong fort of Sarezana
Wallisland and part of Piemont on the west with Daulphin and La Bress on the south with some parts of Daulphine onely and on the north with Switzerland and the lake of Geneva The country is altogether hilly and mountainous very healthful but not very fruitful the common people are naturally very dull but the Gentry pleasant ingenious and civil there have been neer thirty Earls and Dukes of Savoy it is a very strong place with fortifications of nature the revenue ordinarily a million of crowns yearely The onely order of Knighthood here is that of the Anunciado ordained one thousand four hundred and eight their collar is of fifty links to shew the mysteries of the Virgin at the end is her portraiture with the history of the annunciation instead of a Motto these letters F. E. R. T. i. e. Fortitudo ejus Rhodum tenuit are engraven to every plate or link of the collar each link being interwoven one within another in form of a true lovers knot the number of the Knights is fourteen beside the Duke the Soveraign of the order the solemnity held annually on our Lady day the Arms are G. a cross A. Geneva is a city of the Dukedome of Savoy now a free State having cast off both the Pope and their own Duke and kept freely by their neighbours jealousie each of other touching it the religion is Calvinist Protestant the government Presbyterial the language the worst French the people industrious and Merchants their situation for neighbours advantagious thereunto Wallisland reacheth from the mountain de Burken to the town of Saint Maurice where the hills do close and shut up the valley which is so narrow in that place that a bridge laid from one hill to another under which the river Rosue doth pass is capable of no more then one Arch onely and that defended with a Castle and two strong gates on other parts it is invironed with a continual wall of steep and horrid mountains covered all the year long with a crust of ice not passable at all by armies and not without much difficulty by single passengers so that no citadel can be made so strong by Art as this country is by nature The valley is very fruitful in Saffron corn wine and most delicate fruits having medows and pleasant pastures They have also a Fountain of Salt and many hot Bathes and medicinal waters they have cattle enough to serve them also a wild Buck equal to a Stagg in bigness footed like a Goat and horned like a fallow Deer leaping with wonderful agility and so not easily caught but in summer time for then with the heat he is blind The people are courteous towards strangers but very rough and churlish towards one another they are of the Romish religion and subject to the Bishop of Sion The Deputies of the seven Resorts having not only voices with the Cantons in his election but bein chosen they joyn with him also in the Diets for choosing Magistrates redressing grievances and determining matters of the State Switzerland hath on the east the Grisons and some part of Tyrol in Germany on the west the mountain Iove and the lake of Geneva which parts it from Savoy and Burgundy on the north Suevia another province also of the upper Germany and on the south Wallisland and the Alps which borders on the Dukedome of Millain It is totally in a manner overgrown with craggy mountains but such as for the most part have grassy tops and in their hollowness rich medows and nourishing pastures being two hundred forty miles in length and one hundred eighty in breadth the inhabitants are rich and rugged of disposition like their land good souldiers and mercenary almost to every one their religion mixed some Papists some Protestants Zwinglians yet they have agreed to tolerate one another their government popular The country of the Grizons is bounded on the east with the country of Tyrol with Switzerland on the north with Suevia and a part of the Switzers on the south with Lombardy a very mountanous and barren land the people now Protestant their government popular in these Alpine parts there are two Arch-Bishops thirâ—teen Bishops France hath alwayes been held the principal and worthiest kingdom of all Christendome it is bounded on the east with Germany and southward with the Mediteranian Sea south-east with the Alps and on the north with the Brittish Sea It is very fruitful in all sorts of grain and whatsoever is needful for the maintenance of life especially it hath great abundance of wines wherewith many other lands are also served It is divided into many great Dukedoms and Provinces hath in it also divers great mighty and famous cities the people are heady but ingenious and good warriours The government is meerly regal and at the pleasure of the Prince of which it hath had many great and powerful ones the religion of the Land is Popish but there are many Protestants there who although they have been greatly persecuteed yet sometimes their number hath indulged them in the exercise thereof the chief orders of Knighthood yet extant here are first of Saint Michael instituted one thousand four hundred and nine It consisted first of thirty persons but after of three hundred the habit of the order a long cloak of white damask down to the ground with a border interwoven with cocklsheells of gold interlaced and furred with Ermins with a hood of Crimson Velvet and a long tippet about their necks they wear a collar woven with Cockle-shels the word immensi tremor oceani the picture of Saint Michael Conquering the Devil was annexed to the collar the seat thereof anciently Saint Michaels mount in Normandy and the day Saint Michaels day Secondly of the holy Ghost ordained one thousand five hundred seventy nine The order of Saint Michael is to be given to none but such as were first dignified with this whereunto none were to be admitted but such as could prove their nobility by three descents their oath to maintain the Romish Catholick religion prosecute all opponents to it their robe a black velvet mantle pourtrayed with lillies and flumes of gold the colar of Flower-de-luces and flowers of gold with a Cross and a Dove appendent to it The Arms of France are Azure three Flower-de-luces Or it hath seventeen Arch-Bishops one hundred and eight Bishops and one hundred thirty two thousand Parishes The Pirenean Hills are onely a bound between France and Spaine two potent kingdoms the whole length not reckoning in the windings turnings affirmed to be eighty Spanish Leagues at three miles to a league the people barbarous but of what religion my Author saith not It may be he esteemed them so barbarous that he thought they could live without any religion at all Spain is severed from France by the Pirenean Mountains on all other sides it is invironed with the Sea it containeth at this day divers kingdoms one Gothes two Navars there have been fourty one Kings The
weep and mourn over the bodies of their dead daubed over with dung they hold it a great impiety to burn or bury them but having embalmed them they lay them in so me inner room the men keep at home for the house-hold business the women follow merchandise and affairs abroade the men carry burdens upon their heads and the women upon their shoulders a witty and ingenious people the first inventers of Geometry Arithmetick Physick Astronomy Necâ—omany and Sorcery yea they found out the very use of letters The Christians among them differ from all other Christians first using circumcision with baptisme Secondly conferring all orders under priesthood on infants immediately after baptisme their parents till they come to sixteen years of age performing what they promised in their behalf to wit chastity fasting on Wednesday and Friday and the four Lents of the year Thirdly reputing baptisme not to be of any efficacy except ministred by a priest in the open Church in what extremity soever Fourthly yet not baptising any children till the fortieth day though they die in the mean time Fifthly giving the Lords Supper to infants as soon as christened Sixtly contracting marriages in the second degree without dispensation Seventhly not observing the Lords day nor any Festivals except in cities Eighthly reading the Gospel writ by Nicodemus They differ from the Papists in these things first administring the Lords Supper in both kinds secondly with leavened bread thirdly admitting neither extreme unction nor the Lords Supper to those that are sick fourthly nor Purgarory not prayer for the dead fifthly not using elevation in the act of administring and sixthly accounting the Roman Church for he â—etical and esteeming the Latines no better then the Iews Mount Atlas is a ridge of hils of exceeding height and of no small length it is above the clouds and is alwayes covered with snow in the midst of summer full of thick woods and against Africa so fruitful that it affords excellent fruits of its natural growth not planted grafted or inoculated with the hand of man Lybia hath mount Atlas on the north by which it is parted from Barbary and Asrenaca on the east with Lybia Marmarica interposed betwixt it and Egypt and part of Ethiopia superior or the Abassine Empire on the south with Ethiopia inferior and the land of Nigros and on the west with the main Atlantick Ocean the country abounds with dates the chief diet of the people which commonly rotteth out their teeth their goats they feed with the stones wherewith they grow fat and yield store of milk the air is so â—ound that it cureth the French Pox without any Physick the inhabitants are a base and vile people thieves murderers treacherous and ignorant of all things feeding most on dates barley and carrion counting bread a diet for holidayes their garments of the coursest cloth so short that they cover not half the body the richer sort wear a jacket of blew cotton with great sleeves they ride upon camels without stirrup or saddle a leather thrust through an hole made in the nose of the camel serves them for a bridle and to save spurs they use a goade their religion is Mahomeâ—isme The land of Negros is bounded on the east with Ethiopia superior on the west with the Atlantick Ocean on the north with Lybia Deserta and the south with the Ethiopick Ocean and part of Ethiopia inferior the country very hot by reason of the situation under the torrid zone yet very well inhabited full of people and in some places alwaies grass well watered specially where the River Niger overfloweth well stored with corn cattel and garden ware well wooded having store of beasts wild and tame they want fruit trees they have both gold and silver mines very pure the inhabitants are of little wit and destitute of all arts and sciences prone 〈◊〉 luxury and for the most part Mahometans Ethiopia superior is bounded on the east with the Red Sea and the Sinus Barbaricus on the west with Lybia inferior the Realm of Nabia in the land of Negros and part of the Kingdome of Congo in the other Ethiopia on the north with Egypt and Lybia Marmarica and on the south with the mountains of the moon it is in length a thousand five hundred miles in breadth half as much the religion of the people is they use to circumcise their children both males females Secondly they baptize the males at forty the females 80 daies after circumcision Thirdly after the Lords Supper they are not to spit till sun-set Fourthly they profess but one nature and one will in Christ Fifthly they accept only the three first General Councels Sixthly their Priests live by the labour of their own hands for they allow them nothing nor permit them not to beg Seventhly they baptize themselves every Epiphanie in lakes and ponds because that day they suppose Christ to have been baptized of Iohn in Iordan Eighthly they eat not of those beasts which in the old law are reckoned for unclean and they keep the Jews Sabbtah equally solemn with the Lords day Tenthly they minister the Lords Supper to infants presently after baptisme Eleventhly they reach the reasonable soul of man is derived from the parents by seminal propagation Twelfthly that infants dying unbaptized are sanctified in the womb by vertue of the Lords Supper received by the mother after her conception And finally they shew a book of eight volumes writ as they say by the Apostles assembled at Jerusalem for that purpose the contents therof they observe most solemnly and they differ from the Papists as the Christians in Egypt they are under the goverment of Prester Iohn and the Turk I pass by Ethiopia inferior the people being Pagans and likewise I omit the several Islands of Africa being but small because I have been so large already The chiefest cities of Africa with the names of the Rivers which are there most famous IN Barbary which containeth the Kingdoms of Fez Morocco Tremiser Algeir Tunis Tripoli and Barca there are the famous cities of Morocco Fez Tanger Telensin Oran Algeir Constantine Tunis Tripoli and Barca The Rivers there most famous are the Tensife the Ommiraby and the River of Cebus Mulvia Rio Major and the Magrida In Belledulgered which containeth the Kingdomes of Suz Daza Sagelmosse Tegorarin Biâ—edulgerid and the Desart of Barca there are these famous cities Taradante Dara Segelmoss Tegorarin Zeb Billedulgerid the chiefest Rivers are the River of Sur the River of Darha and the Ghir In Egypt are the famous cities of Sabod Cairo Alexandria Rascha or Rosesta Dumietta Cosir and Surs the renowned River is the River of Nilus In the desert of Zaara are these memorable cities Zauhaga Zuenzera Targa Lemta Berdoa Gaoga and Borno In the country of the Negroes are these remarkable cities Gue Eata Gueneha Tombu Agados Cano Cassena Gangara Tula Catan or Senega Guinala Beria Melli Songo Gago Wuber Zegzog and Sanfara the Rivers here