Selected quad for the lemma: land_n
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A31599
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The second part of the present state of England together with divers reflections upon the antient state thereof / by Edward Chamberlayne ...; Angliae notitia. Part 2
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Chamberlayne, Edward, 1616-1703.
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1671
(1671)
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Wing C1848; ESTC R5609
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117,915
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324
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conjectured by the charges of building and rigging of Ships and of one Months expences at Sea afore specified so that the English Subject need no longer wonder how their late large Contributions and Aides have been spent but rather how the Kingdomes necessary Expences should be discharged with so little Of the City of LONDON LONDON being the Epitome of England the Seat of the British Empire the Chamber of the King and the chiefest Emporium or Town of Trade in the World it will not be impertinent to give some account thereof To describe particularly all things in this City worthy to be known would take up a whole Volumn therefore according to the intended brevity of this Treatise here shall be inserted onely 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Magnalia Londini such things as strangers and foreigners commonly count remarkable Take then a summary account of the Name Antiquity Situation Magnitude Streets Houses Number of Inhabitants Parish-Churches Cathedral Royal Exchange River Conduits Aqueducts Trade Government Publick Halls of Companies of the Tower Bridge Custom-House Publick Offices Colledges Schooles Hospitals Work-houses c. Name LONDON so called as some conjecture from Llongdin the British word signifying in the Saxon Tongue Shipton or Town of ships was built as some write 1108 years before the Birth of our Saviour that is 2778 years agoe Antiquity in the time of Samuel the Prophet and about 356 years before the building of Rome Situation In the most excellent situation of London the profound wisdom of our Ancestors is very conspicuous and admirable It is seated in a pleasant ever green valley upon a gentle rising Bank in an excellent Aire in a wholesome soyl mixt with gravel and sand upon the famous Navigable River Thames at a place where it is cast into a Crescent that so each part of the City might enjoy the benefit of the River and yet not be far distant one from the other about 60 miles from the Sea not so near that it might be in danger of Surprisal by the Fleets of Forreign Enemies or be annoyed by the boysterous Winds and unwholesome Vapours of the Sea yet not so far but that by the help of the Tide every twelve hours all the Commodities that the Sea or World can afford may by ships of great burden be brought into her very bosome nor yet so far but that it may injoy the milder warmer Vapours of the Eastern Southern and Western Seas yet so far up in the Country as it might also easily partake even of all the Country commodities in an excellent air upon the North side of the River for the Villages seated on the South-side are noted to be unhealthy in regard of the Vapours drawn upon them by the Sun burroughed by gentle hills from the North and South Winds it lies in 51 Degree 34 Minutes Latitude The High-ways leading from all parts to this Noble City are large straight smooth and fair no Mountains nor Rocks no Marshes nor Lakes to hinder Carriages and Passengers so that as Corn may easily be brought and Cattel commodiously driven unto it by Land so those heavy though necessary Commodâ—ties Hay and Fuel are more cheaply conveyed by water in a word all the blessings of Land and Sea near about and by the benefit of shipping all the blessings of the Terrestrial Globe may be said to be here injoyed above any City of the world Magnitude The City of LONDON with its Suburbs and places adjacent is of a vast extention From Lime House measured to the end of Tothill or Tuttle street from East to West is above 7500 Geometrical paces that is above 7 English Miles and a half and from the farther end of Blackmanstreet in Southwark to the end of St. Leonard Shoreditch is 2500 paces or two Miles and a half Streets In this great City the streets lanes and allyes as they are called are in number above 500 and yet some of them above half a measured mile in length Dwelling houses before the late dreadful Fire were computed onely within the Walls above fifteen thousand and that was accounted but a fifth part of the whole City as may be judged by the weekly Bills of Mortality Houses The Buildings especially of late years are generally very fair and stately but within the City the spacious Houses of Noble men rich Merchants the Halls of Companies the fair Taverns are hidden to strangers by reason that they are generally built backward that so the whole room towards the street might be reserved for Tradesmen shops If they had been all built toward the street as in other Countries no Forreign City would even in this particular much surpass London Yet if a Stranger shall view Lincolns-Inne fields Southampton Buildings Covent Garden St. James Fields Hatton-Garden Cheapside Lumbard street Canon street Fleet street c. He must confess that for fair Piazza's or open Places for stately uniform buildings for spatious streight streets there is scarce the parallel in Europe Number of Inhabitants That the Reader may the better guess at the number of Inhabitants or humane Souls within this great City he must know that in one year there were computed to be eaten in London when it was less by one fourth part 67500 Beefs ten times as many Sheep besides abundance of Calves Lambs Swine all sorts of Poultry Fowl Fish Roots Milk c. Also that communibus annis to supply London with Newcastle Coal there is brought into the River of Thames two hundred and seventy thousand Chaldron and every Chaldron is 36 Bushels Again the number of Inhabitants may be guessed at by the Burials and Births in London which in ordinary years when there is no Pestilence amount of late to Twenty thousand in a year three times more then in Amsterdam and but one 20th part less then in Paris as may be seen by the Bills of these three Cities As also by the quantity of Beer drank in London in a year which to all Forreigners will be incredible for in the year 1667 according to exact computation there was brewed within that year in London four hundred fifty two thousand five hundred sixty three Barrels of strong Beer sold at 12 s. 6 d. the Barrel and five hundred and eighty thousand four hundred twenty one Barrels of Ale sold at 16 s. the Barrel and four hundred eighty nine thousand seven hundred ninety seven Barrels of Table Beer or small Beer sold at 6 s 6 d. the Barrel The Beer strong and small is 36 Gallons to the Barrel and the Ale 32 Gallons to the Barrel and now since the Pestilence and the Fire that this City is again fully peopled there is much more Liquor brewed It is true that some heâ—eof is transported beyond the Sea but that is scarce considerable Besides all this Beer and Ale there is consumed in London a vast quantity of French and Spanish wines much Rhenish-wine Sider Coffee Chocolatte Brandy and other Drinks The Excise
placito The Proctors belonging to this Court aforementioned are persons that exhibite their Proxies for their Clients and make themselves parties for them and draw and give in Pleas or Libells and Allegations in the behalf of their Clients produce the Witnesses prepare the Causes for Sentence and attend the Advocates with the Proceedings They are also admitted by the Fiat of the Archbishop introduced by the Two Senior Proctors and are allowed to practise immediately after their admission they wear Black Robes and Hoods lined with White Fur. According to the Statutes of this Court all Arguments made by Advocates and all Petitions made by the Proctors are to be in the Latin Tongue All Process of this Court run in the name of the Judge thus Egi. Sweit Miles LL. Dr. Almae Curiae Cant. de Arcubus Lond. Officialis Principalis and returnable before him heretofore in Bow Church now in the Common Hall at Exeter House The Places and Offices belonging to this Court are all in the gift of the Archbishop of Canterbury whose Court it is Here note That the next Morning after the sitting of this Court the Judge of the Court of Audience did usually sit but since the late Troubles that Court hath been discontinued Next is the Court of Admiralty whereof see more in Chapter of the Military Government The present Judge of this Court is Sir Leolin Jenkins Knight Doctor of Laws whose Title is Supremae Curiae Admiralitatis Angliae locum tenens Judex sive Praesidens The Writs and Decrees run in the name of the Lord High Admiral and are directed to all Vice-Admirals Justices of Peace Majors Sheriffs Bailiffs Constables Marshals and others Officers and Ministers of our Soveraign Lord the King as well within Liberties as without To this Court belongs a Register Orlando Gee Esquire a Marshal who attends the Court and carries a Silver Oar before the Judge whereon are the Arms of the King and of the Lord High Admiral The Lord Admiral hath here his Advocate and Proctor and all other Advocates and Proctors are presented by them and admitted by the Judge This Court is held on the same day with the Arches but in the afternoon and heretofore at St. Margarets Hill in Southwark but now in the same Common Hall at Exeter house But the Admiralty Session is still held for the Tryal of Malefactors and Crimes committed at Sea at the Antient place aforesaid The places and Offices belonging to this Court are in the Gift of the Lord High Admiral Next is another Court belonging to the Archbishop of Canterbury called the Prerogative Court whereof see more in the Chapter of the Ecclesiastical Government of England The Judge of this Court is the forenamed Sir Leolin Jenkins and his Title here is Curiae Prerogativae Cant. Magister Custos sive Commissarius All Citations and Decrees run in the name of the Archbishop This Court is kept in the same Common Hall in the afternoon next day after the Arches and was heretofore held in the Consistory of St Pauls The Judge is attended by a Register Marke Cottle Esquire who sets down the Decrees and Acts of the Court and keeps the Records all Original Wills and Testaments of parties dying having Bona Notabilia c. The place is commonly called the Prerogative Office now kept in the Savoy where for a moderate Fee one may search for and have a Copy of any such Testament made since the Rebellion of Wat Tiler and Jack Straw by whom many Records and Writings in several places of London were then burnt and destroyed The Places belonging to this Court are in the Gift of the Archbishop of Canterbury From the forementioned Courts Appeals do lye to the Court of Delegates whereof more pag. 76 the Judges whereof are appointed by the Lord Keeper under the great Seal of England pro illa vice and upon every cause or business there is a new Commission and new Judges according to the nature of the Affair or Cause as sometimes Bishops Common-Law-Judges and Civilians and sometimes Bishops and Civilians and sometimes Common-Law-Judges and Civilians and sometimes Civilians onely To this Court belongs a standing Register and the Court is kept in the same Common Hall in the afternoon the day after the Prerogative The Citations and Decrees here run in the Kings Name From this Court lyes no Appeal in Common course But the King of His meer Prerogative Royal may and many times doth grant a Commission of Review under the Broad Seal In this Colledge also usually resides the Vicar-General belonging to the Archbishop bishop of Canterbury who as he is Primate hath the Guardianship of the Spiritualties of every Bishop within his Province during the Vacancy and executes all Episcopal Power and Jurisdiction by his Vicar-General who is at present in the Province of Canterbury Sir Richard Chaworth Knight Doctor of Laws The Archbishop of York hath the like Power in his Province and his Vicar-General is Dr. Burnel he also hath a Prerogative Court whereof the Judge is Dr. Levet Of the Colledge of Physitians in London AMongst other excellent Institutions in the City of London there is a Colledge or Corporation of Physitians who by Charters and Acts of Parliament of Henry VIII and since his Raign have certain Priviledges whereby no man though a Graduat in Phsick of Oxford or Cambridge may without Licence under the said Colledge Seal practice Physick in London or within seven miles of this City nor in any other part of England in case he hath not taken any Degree in Oxford or Cambridge Whereby also they can administer an Oath fine and imprison any Offenders in that and divers other particulars can make By-Laws purchase Lands c. Whereby they have Authority to search all the shops of Apothecaries in and about London to see if their Drugs and Compositions are wholesome and well made whereby they are freed from all troublesome Offices as to serve upon Juries to be Constable to keep watch and ward to bear Arms or provide Armes or Ammunition c. any Member of that Colledge may practice Surgery if he please not onely in London but in any part of England This Society had antiently a Colledge in Knight-Rider-Street the Gift of Doctor Linacre Physitian to King Henry the VIII since which a House and Ground was purchased by the Society of Physitians at the end of Amen street whereon the ever famous Dr. Harvey Anno 1652. did erect at his own proper charge a Magnificent Structure both for a Library and a Publick Hall for the meeting of the several Members of this Society endowed the same with his whole Inheritance which he resigned up while he was yet living and in Health part of which he assigned for an Anniversary Harangue to commemorate all their Benefactors to exhort others to follow their good Examples and to provide a plentiful Dinner for the worthy Company Anno 1666. This goodly Edifice could not escape the Fury of that dreadful Fire and