and_o anchor_v a_o little_a below_o the_o beacon_n stone-bank_n these_o be_v several_a small_a bank_n which_o lie_v east_n from_o the_o spornhead_n if_o from_o the_o point_n of_o kelsey_n you_o steer_v south_n by_o east_n until_o the_o point_n of_o the_o sporn_n be_v west_n half_a northerly_a then_o be_v you_o clear_a of_o they_o borcom_n borcom_n be_v a_o sand_n which_o lie_v off_o stanningborough_n about_o a_o mile_n from_o the_o shore_n on_o the_o north-side_n hereof_o lie_v a_o buoy_z which_o lie_v from_o the_o sporn_n west_n by_o south_n half_a southerly_a seven_o mile_n and_o from_o the_o buoy_z of_o the_o bull_n east_n by_o south_n four_o mile_n and_o a_o half_a sonk_z in_o the_o humber_n the_o sonk_z be_v a_o sand_n that_o lie_v on_o the_o north-side_n of_o the_o river_n almost_o as_o far_o down_o as_o the_o sporn_n if_o go_v up_o on_o the_o southside_n you_o bring_v pauls-tower_n open_a of_o the_o redcliff_n to_o the_o eastward_a than_o you_o be_v clear_a or_o about_o the_o tail_n of_o the_o sonk_z holms_n the_o holms_n be_v a_o sand_n which_o lie_v about_o a_o mile_n from_o the_o shore_n the_o east_n end_n come_v within_o the_o tail_n of_o the_o sonk_z and_o on_o the_o west_n end_n lie_v a_o buoy_z which_o bear_v south_n a_o mile_n and_o half_a from_o pauls-church_n and_o from_o the_o buoy_z of_o the_o bull_n n._n w._n by_o west_n about_o 13_o mile_n the_o bank_n that_o lie_v off_o in_o the_o sea_n the_o dogger-bank_n on_o the_o dogger-bank_n the_o ground_n be_v even_o for_o ten_o league_n together_o on_o the_o southside_n of_o it_o there_o be_v 24_o 24_o 25_o 25_o 25_o 24_o 24_o 23_o 22_o 21_o 20_o 19_o 18_o fathom_n fine_a white_a sand_n and_o on_o the_o north-side_n it_o fall_v off_o with_o a_o flat_a and_o deepen_v by_o little_a and_o little_a in_o sail_v four_o league_n north_n after_o you_o have_v sixteen_o fathom_n you_o will_v have_v your_o water_n every_o cast_v deep_a at_o four_o league_n you_o will_v have_v twenty_o fathom_n fine_a white_a sand_n the_o bank_n lie_v near_a north-east_n from_o the_o sporn_n and_o run_v near_o the_o juttish-riff_a on_o the_o southside_n a_o mile_n from_o the_o bank_n you_o will_v have_v 20_o and_o 22_o fathom_n fine_a white_a and_o gray_a sand_n you_o will_v have_v 18_o 17_o 16_o 14_o 11_o fathom_n fine_a whitish_a gray_a sand_n and_o continue_v in_o the_o depth_n of_o 11_o fathom_n on_o the_o dogger-bank_n for_o 7_o league_n together_o in_o the_o latitude_n of_o 55_o deg_fw-la 9_o min._n to_o the_o eastward_n of_o flamborough-head_n 34_o league_n the_o sounding_n on_o the_o very_a ridge_n of_o the_o dogger-bank_n towards_o the_o west_n end_n are_z 11_o 11_o 12_o 11_o 10_o and_o a_o half_a 10_o and_o a_o half_a 10_o and_o a_o quarter_n 10_o and_o a_o quarter_n 10_o and_o a_o half_a fathom_n in_o stand_v a_o mile_n southerly_a you_o will_v deepen_v from_o 10_o and_o a_o quarter_n to_o 12_o fathom_n and_o sail_v westerly_a you_o will_v find_v shoaler_n water_n in_o sail_v 30_o league_n east_n and_o west_n the_o ground_n be_v of_o the_o same_o nature_n for_o three_o league_n breadth_n north_n or_o south_n it_o be_v 11_o 12_o 10_o and_o a_o half_a 11_o 11_o 13_o 14_o 15_o 14_o fathom_n then_o the_o water_n grow_v deep_a on_o either_o side_n but_o more_o steep_a on_o the_o north_n than_o on_o the_o south_n yet_o towards_o the_o west_n part_n of_o this_o bank_n you_o will_v find_v the_o south_n side_n to_o deepen_v more_o sudden_o than_o to_o the_o east_n end_n it_o lie_v near_a s._n w._n by_o west_n and_o n._n e._n by_o east_n stretch_v within_o 16_o league_n of_o flamborough-head_n the_o sounding_n on_o the_o west_n end_n flamborough-head_n bear_v east_n by_o north_n four_o degree_n northerly_a distant_a eight_o league_n and_o steer_v w._n s._n w._n you_o will_v have_v white_a and_o brown_a sand_n 20_o 19_o 17_o 16_o fathom_n with_o small_a stone_n of_o gravel_n but_o further_o off_o towards_o the_o dogger-bank_n 32_o 30_o 25_o 32_o 27_o 30_o fathom_n fine_a brown_a and_o gray_a sand._n about_o two_o league_n to_o the_o southward_a of_o flamborough-head_n you_o will_v have_v 10_o fathom_v water_n small_a gravel_n stone_n and_o brown_a sand._n when_o hornsey-spire-steeple_n bear_v w.s.w._n about_o three_o league_n and_o flamborough-head_n n._n w._n by_o north_n you_o may_v anchor_v in_o 17_o fathom_n gravelly_a ground_n flamborough-head_n lie_v in_o the_o latitude_n of_o 54_o deg_fw-la 14_o min._n in_o the_o latitude_n of_o 54_o deg_fw-la 3_o min._n to_o the_o east_n of_o the_o meridian_n of_o flamborough-head_n 5_o â…“_n league_n you_o will_v have_v 25_o fathom_n gray_a sand_n with_o small_a stone_n and_o piece_n of_o shell_n the_o sounding_n from_o 17_o 18_o 20_o 21_o 23_o 24_o 25_o fathom_n fine_a gray_a sand_n sometime_o gravel_n and_o sometime_o shell_n crouch-bank_n in_o the_o midway_n between_o flamborough-head_n and_o the_o naze_n lie_v this_o great_a bank_n north_n by_o east_n and_o south_n by_o west_n in_o the_o sea_n be_v in_o length_n 35_o league_n the_o south_n end_v hereof_o be_v distant_a from_o the_o dogger-bank_n five_o league_n and_o from_o flamborough-head_n north-east_n half_a easterly_a 39_o league_n on_o the_o south_n end_n of_o this_o bank_n be_v 22_o in_o the_o middle_n 38_o 39_o and_o on_o the_o north_n end_n 28_o fathom_n which_o bear_v from_o the_o naze_n w._n s._n w._n 39_o league_n the_o whitebank_n about_o twenty_o league_n north_n from_o friezland_n lie_v the_o whitebank_n be_v in_o length_n 27_o league_n and_o in_o breadth_n five_o league_n be_v distant_a from_o the_o dogger-bank_n 13_o league_n lie_v east_n by_o north_n and_o west_n by_o south_n in_o the_o sea_n on_o the_o west_n end_n be_v 23_o fathom_n and_o on_o the_o south_n end_n 22._o the_o white-water_n north-west_n by_o west_n fourteen_o league_n from_o the_o texel_n lie_v a_o bank_n call_v the_o white-water_n lie_v n._n e._n by_o east_n and_o s._n w._n by_o south_n in_o the_o sea_n be_v in_o length_n ten_o league_n on_o which_o be_v 16_o fathom_n the_o west_n end_n be_v distant_a from_o the_o well_o seven_o league_n where_o you_o will_v have_v 24_o and_o 25_o fathom_n and_o between_o it_o and_o the_o dogger-bank_n 27_o and_o 28_o fathom_n the_o well-bank_n the_o sounding_n of_o the_o well-bank_n be_v 15_o and_o 14_o fathom_n brown_a sand_n and_o small_a gravel_n between_o flamborough-head_n and_o it_o the_o distance_n be_v 20_o league_n you_o will_v have_v 25_o 23_o 22_o 21_o 22_o 18_o fathom_n near_o the_o west_n side_n of_o the_o bank_n you_o will_v have_v 12_o 14_o 16_o 17_o 13_o 15_o fathom_n brown_a sand_n with_o small_a gravel_n stone_n in_o it_o red_a and_o black_a and_o some_o cast_v fine_a brown_a sand_n and_o piece_n of_o shell_n on_o the_o south-west_n part_n of_o the_o well-bank_n you_o will_v have_v 13_o fathom_n brown_a sand_n this_o well-bank_n stretch_v far_o easterly_a towards_o the_o whitesand_n the_o depth_n of_o water_n between_o both_o be_v 15_o 14_o 18_o 17_o 17_o 23_o 17_o 21_o 21_o 23_o 21_o 14_o fathom_n brown_a sand_n but_o no_o certainty_n in_o any_o ground_n to_o know_v the_o distance_n of_o place_n from_o the_o land_n in_o the_o latitude_n of_o 53_o deg_fw-la 6_o min._n flamborough-head_n bear_v n._n w._n by_o west_n five_o degree_n westerly_a distant_a 43_o league_n sail_v south_n your_o depth_n will_v be_v 16_o 17_o 21_o 21_o 23_o 21_o 14._o in_o the_o latitude_n 52_o deg_fw-la 54_o min._n 20_o 18_o 23_o 19_o fathom_n brown_a gritty_a sand._n the_o tide_n run_v north_n by_o east_n and_o south_n by_o west_n tide_n flow_v of_o the_o tide_n of_o a_o indifferent_a strength_n it_o be_v high-water_n here_o on_o the_o change-day_n of_o the_o moon_n a_o description_n of_o the_o sand_n shoal_n buoys_n beacon_n and_o sea-marks_a upon_o the_o coast_n of_o england_n from_o the_o buoy_z of_o the_o nower_n to_o dover_n the_o flat_n the_o flat_n be_v so_o call_v by_o reason_n of_o their_o general_a flatness_n on_o which_o you_o may_v sail_v 4_o or_o 5_o mile_n and_o not_o alter_v one_o foot_n in_o depth_n in_o the_o course_n from_o the_o narrow_a to_o the_o redsand_n you_o may_v have_v ten_o foot_n water_n to_o the_o eastward_a in_o some_o holes_n you_o have_v 15_o and_o 16_o foot_n water_n the_o danger_n that_o be_v in_o these_o flat_n be_v discourse_v of_o in_o their_o place_n for_o he_o that_o keep_v himself_o on_o the_o course_n that_o lead_v from_o the_o buoy_z of_o the_o woolpack_n to_o the_o buoy_z of_o the_o redsand_n which_o be_v n._n w._n by_o west_n a_o quarter_n north_n if_o he_o take_v tie_v according_a to_o the_o draught_n of_o his_o ship_n shall_v not_o meet_v with_o any_o danger_n the_o gilman_n the_o gilman_n be_v a_o shoal_n that_o lie_v up_o from_o the_o buoy_z of_o
a_o description_n of_o the_o sands_z shoal_n buoy_n beacon_n roads_n channel_n and_o sea_n mark_v on_o the_o coast_n of_o england_n from_o the_o southforeland_n to_o flamborough_n head_n be_v furnish_v with_o new_a &_o exact_a draught_n of_o the_o sand_n according_a to_o the_o say_a description_n by_o john_n seller_n hydrographer_n to_o the_o king_n most_o excellent_a majesty_n and_o be_v to_o be_v sell_v by_o he_o at_o the_o hermitage_n stair_n in_o wapping_n england_n famous_a discoverer_n cap._n davies_n sr._n walter_n raleigh_n sr._n hugh_n willoughby_n cap._n smith_n sr._n fran_n drake_n mr._n tho_n candish_n free_a holder_n london_n a_o description_n of_o the_o sand_n shoal_n rock_n and_o danger_n the_o bay_n roads_n harbour_n river_n port_n buoys_n beacon_n and_o sea-marks_a etc._n etc._n upon_o the_o coast_n of_o england_n from_o the_o south-foreland_n to_o flambrough-head_n show_v the_o course_n and_o distance_n from_o one_o place_n to_o another_o the_o set_v of_o the_o tide_n and_o current_n the_o ebb_a and_o flow_v of_o the_o sea_n with_o direction_n for_o the_o bring_v a_o ship_n into_o any_o harbour_n on_o the_o say_a coast_n be_v furnish_v with_o new_a and_o exact_a draught_n chart_n and_o description_n of_o every_o harbour_n gather_v from_o the_o experience_n and_o practice_n of_o divers_a able_a and_o expert_a navigator_n of_o our_o english_a nation_n collect_v describe_v and_o publish_v by_o john_n seller_n hydrographer_n to_o the_o king_n be_v most_o excellent_a majesty_n a_o short_a description_n of_o the_o river_n of_o thames_n from_o london-bridge_n to_o the_o point_n of_o the_o hope_n show_v the_o shelf_n and_o danger_n in_o each_o reach_n the_o pool_n be_v that_o part_n of_o the_o river_n that_o lie_v from_o london-bridge_n to_o cuckolds-point_n and_o be_v divide_v into_o three_o part_n first_o from_o london-bridge_n to_o wapping-ness_n which_o lie_v west-north-west_n and_o east-south-east_n and_o about_o the_o low_a end_n thereof_o near_o to_o fountain-stair_n rock_n a_o rock_n lie_v a_o rock_n on_o the_o south_n side_n which_o be_v dangerous_a for_o ship_n to_o come_v aground_o upon_o the_o second_o part_n reach_v from_o wapping-ness_n to_o ratcliff-check_a and_o lie_v n._n e._n and_o s._n w._n the_o three_o part_n reach_v from_o ratcliff-check_a to_o cuckolds-point_n and_o lie_v round_v upon_o four_o point_n of_o the_o compass_n from_o the_o n._n e._n to_o the_o east_n these_o three_o reaches_n be_v note_v in_o the_o draught_n of_o the_o river_n with_o the_o letter_n a_o b_o c._n limehouse-reach_a this_o reach_n lead_v from_o cuckolds-point_n down_o to_o deptford_n and_o lie_v north_n and_o south_n on_o the_o west_n side_n be_v two_o windmill_n from_o the_o southermost_a of_o which_o about_o half_a a_o mile_n down_o the_o river_n shoal_n a_o shoal_n be_v very_a shoal_n and_o flat_a shoal_v from_o the_o east_n side_n of_o the_o river_n call_v the_o isle_n of_o dog_n dog_n isle_n of_o dog_n there_o be_v not_o above_o six_o foot_n at_o low-water_n this_o reach_n be_v note_v in_o the_o draught_n with_o the_o letter_n d._n greenwich-reach_a this_o reach_n lie_v from_o deptford_n to_o the_o low_a end_n of_o greenwich_n and_o be_v much_o wind_a but_o about_o the_o middle_n it_o lie_v east_n and_o west_n at_o the_o low_a end_n thereof_o be_v a_o convenient_a place_n for_o ship_n to_o ride_v greenwhich-hole_n greenwhich-hole_n call_v greenwich-hole_n and_o there_o be_v in_o this_o hole_n about_o two_o fathom_n at_o low-water_n there_o be_v a_o shoal_n shoal_n a_o shoal_n at_o the_o upper_a end_n of_o this_o reach_n that_o lie_v off_o from_o sanders-ness_n this_o reach_n be_v note_v in_o the_o draught_n with_o the_o letter_n e._n blackwall-reach_a this_o reach_n lie_v from_o the_o low_a end_n of_o greenwich_n to_o blackwall_n town_n blackwall_n blackwall_n this_o reach_n be_v very_o good_a for_o ship_n to_o ride_v in_o any_o part_n thereof_o but_o especial_o on_o the_o west_n side_n which_o be_v the_o best_a of_o the_o channel_n from_o layness_n or_o blackwall-point_n which_o lie_v right_a against_o blackwall_n from_o whence_o run_v off_o a_o shoal_n which_o be_v dry_a at_o low-water_n shoal_n a_o shoal_n this_o reach_n lie_v north_n by_o west_n and_o south_n by_o east_n and_o be_v note_v in_o the_o draught_n with_o the_o letter_n f._n nel-hope_a alias_o bugby's-hole_n this_o reach_n lead_v down_o from_o layness_n to_o hookness_n and_o lie_v n._n w._n and_o s._n e._n it_o be_v somewhat_o shoal_n off_o from_o hookness_n wherein_o be_v not_o above_o two_o foot_n at_o low-water_n this_o reach_n be_v note_v in_o the_o draught_n with_o the_o letter_n g._n woolwich-reach_a this_o reach_n lie_v down_o from_o bugby's-hole_n to_o the_o low_a end_n of_o woolwich_n town_n east_n by_o north_n and_o west_n by_o south_n on_o the_o north_n side_n be_v ham-creek_n a_o little_a to_o the_o southward_a of_o which_o lie_v a_o shoal_n call_v woolwich-shelf_n shelf_n woolwich_n shelf_n whereon_o be_v not_o above_o two_o foot_n at_o low-water_n it_o lie_v one_o three_o of_o the_o reach_v over_o from_o the_o essex-shore_n in_o this_o reach_v there_o be_v three_o fathom_n and_o a_o half_a water_n but_o below_o the_o town_n deep_o this_o reach_n be_v note_v in_o the_o draught_n with_o the_o letter_n h._n gallions-reach_a this_o reach_n lie_v from_o the_o low_a end_n of_o woolwich-town_n almost_o to_o barking-creek_n and_o lie_v n._n n._n e._n and_o s._n s._n w._n on_o the_o west_n side_n thereof_o stand_v a_o little_a house_n and_o some_o tree_n call_v galleon_n house_n and_o tree_n right_a against_o they_o be_v good_a ride_v for_o ship_n and_o at_o the_o low_a end_n of_o this_o reach_n be_v a_o point_n call_v maggot-ness_n this_o reach_n be_v note_v in_o the_o draught_n with_o the_o letter_n i._n barking-shelf-reach_a this_o reach_n lie_v down_o from_o maggot-ness_n to_o cross-ness_n a_o little_a above_o cross-ness_n on_o the_o kentish-shore_n stand_v one_o of_o the_o halfway_n tree_n half-way-tree_n half-way-tree_n and_o the_o other_o opposite_a to_o it_o on_o the_o essex-shore_n they_o bear_v that_o name_n because_o it_o be_v repute_v to_o be_v halfway_n between_o london_n and_o gravesend_n this_o reach_n lie_v somewhat_o crooked_a go_v in_o with_o a_o bite_v on_o the_o kentish-side_n in_o this_o reach_n be_v the_o great_a shoal_n in_o the_o river_n barking-shelf_n barking-shelf_n call_v barking-shelf_n from_o whence_o this_o reach_n take_v its_o name_n which_o lie_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o river_n between_o the_o shelf_n and_o barking-creek_n there_o be_v not_o above_o six_o foot_n at_o low-water_n but_o the_o best_a of_o the_o channel_n be_v between_o the_o shelf_n and_o the_o kentish-shore_n it_o be_v narrow_a and_o there_o be_v but_o two_o fathom_n and_o two_o fathom_n and_o a_o half_a at_o low-water_n this_o reach_n be_v note_v in_o the_o draught_n with_o the_o letter_n k._n half-way-tree_n reach_v this_o reach_n extend_v itself_o down_o from_o cross-ness_n to_o gillion-tree_n gillion-tree_n gillion-tree_n which_o stand_v on_o a_o point_n of_o land_n on_o the_o kentish-shore_n almost_o against_o raynham-ferry_n it_o lie_v in_o two_o part_n the_o westermost_a lie_v e._n s._n e._n and_o w._n n._n w._n and_o the_o other_o part_n east_n by_o south_n and_o west_n by_o north_n in_o this_o reach_n be_v four_o fathom_n and_o four_o fathom_n and_o a_o half_a at_o low-water_n in_o most_o part_n of_o this_o reach_n off_o the_o point_n where_o gillion-tree_n stand_v lie_v a_o shoal_n but_o not_o very_o dangerous_a there_o be_v about_o eight_o foot_n at_o low-water_n on_o the_o essex-side_n lie_v out_o a_o jetty_a to_o secure_v the_o bank_n from_o the_o strength_n of_o the_o tide_n which_o set_v very_o much_o on_o that_o shore_n it_o be_v call_v dagenham-jetty_a shelf_n degeham-jetty_a a_o shelf_n between_o which_o and_o cross-ness_n on_o the_o kentish-shore_n lie_v a_o small_a shelf_n which_o be_v sometime_o dry_a at_o low-water_n this_o reach_n be_v express_v in_o the_o draught_n with_o the_o letter_n l._n erith-reach_a this_o reach_n lie_v n._n n._n w._n and_o s._n s._n e._n and_o extend_v itself_o from_o reynham_n down_o to_o a_o point_n on_o the_o essex-shore_n gold-harbour_n gold-harbour_n call_v cold-harbour_n in_o most_o part_n of_o this_o reach_v there_o be_v about_o four_o fathom_n water_n but_o right_o against_o the_o church_n be_v the_o best_a place_n for_o great_a ship_n to_o come_v to_o a_o anchor_n because_o it_o be_v somewhat_o deep_o this_o reach_n be_v note_v in_o the_o draught_n with_o the_o letter_n m._n the_o rand_n be_v a_o short_a reach_n extend_v itself_o from_o cold-barbour_n to_o crafford-ness_a which_o lie_v on_o the_o west_n side_n of_o dart-ford-creek_n bear_v east_n by_o north_n and_o west_n by_o south_n right_o against_o which_o creek_n lie_v a_o shoal_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o river_n call_v rand-hill_n but_o not_o dangerous_a rand-hill_n a_o shoal_n call_v rand-hill_n this_o reach_n
be_v note_v in_o the_o draught_n with_o the_o letter_n n._n long-reach_a this_o reach_n take_v its_o name_n from_o its_o nature_n be_v the_o long_a reach_n in_o the_o river_n and_o lie_v e._n s._n e._n and_o w._n n._n w._n and_o extend_v itself_o from_o crafford-ness_a to_o greenhith-town_n on_o the_o north_n side_n between_o pursleet_n and_o sleepers-hole_n lie_v a_o shoal_n but_o not_o dangerous_a shoal_n a_o shoal_n in_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o this_o reach_v there_o be_v five_o fathom_n and_o a_o half_a at_o low-water_n and_o all_o down_o the_o north_n reach_v there_o be_v seven_o fathom_v water_n this_o reach_n be_v note_v in_o the_o draught_n with_o the_o letter_n o._n st._n clements-reach_a this_o reach_n lie_v in_o two_o part_n first_o from_o greenhith_fw-mi to_o st._n clement_n and_o lie_v n._n n._n e._n and_o s._n s._n w._n and_o from_o st._n clement_n to_o gray_n it_n lie_v east_n and_o west_n this_o reach_n be_v the_o most_o dangerous_a in_o the_o whole_a river_n be_v very_a subject_n to_o foul_a weather_n by_o reason_n of_o its_o situation_n especial_o with_o some_o wind_n as_o a_o south-west_n and_o north-east_n wind_n which_o do_v make_v very_o bad_a weather_n so_o that_o here_o be_v more_o boat_n cast_v away_o than_o in_o all_o the_o reach_v in_o the_o whole_a river_n and_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o bad_a weather_n that_o annoy_v this_o reach_n fidlers-reach_a fidlers-reach_a it_o be_v call_v fidlers-reach_a because_o any_o little_a wind_n will_v raise_v the_o wave_n and_o make_v the_o boat_n dance_v at_o the_o low_a end_n of_o this_o reach_n a_o little_a above_o grayes-town_n black-shelf_n black-shelf_n lie_v a_o shoal_n call_v black-shelf_n whereon_o ship_n sometime_o come_v aground_o take_v no_o harm_n but_o sit_v upright_o this_o reach_n be_v note_v in_o the_o draught_n with_o the_o letter_n p._n north-fleet-hope_a this_o reach_n lead_v from_o grayes-town_n down_o to_o north-fleet_n which_o be_v on_o the_o kentish-shore_n and_o lie_v northwest_o by_o north_n and_o southeast_n by_o south_n there_o be_v about_o eight_o fathom_n water_n all_o along_o this_o reach_n and_o be_v bold_a enough_o have_v no_o danger_n on_o any_o side_n this_o reach_n be_v note_v in_o the_o draught_n with_o the_o letter_n q._n gravesend-reach_a this_o reach_n lie_v east_n and_o west_n and_o extend_v itself_o from_o north-fleet_n below_o the_o town_n of_o gravesend_n to_o a_o place_n call_v the_o pile_n pile_n pile_n there_o be_v good_a ride_v on_o any_o part_n of_o this_o reach_n the_o water_n rise_v here_o three_o fathom_n and_o a_o half_a above_o the_o town_n you_o will_v have_v eight_o and_o below_o six_o fathom_n this_o reach_n be_v note_v in_o the_o draught_n with_o the_o letter_n r._n lilbury-hope_a this_o reach_n lie_v north-east_n by_o north_n and_o south-west_n by_o south_n and_o extend_v itself_o from_o the_o pile_n aforesaid_a down_o to_o mucking-creek_n which_o be_v on_o the_o north_n shore_n and_o hope-ness_a alias_o sands-head-point_n on_o the_o south_n side_n here_o be_v in_o most_o part_n of_o this_o reach_n five_o six_o and_o seven_o fathom_n at_o low-water_n ship_n may_v convenient_o ride_v in_o any_o part_n of_o it_o this_o reach_n be_v note_v in_o the_o draught_n with_o the_o letter_n s_o a_o description_n of_o the_o sand_n shoal_n buoys_n beacon_n and_o sea-marks_a on_o the_o coast_n of_o england_n from_o thames-mouth_n to_o flambrough-head_n show_v their_o bearing_n and_o distance_n from_o the_o most_o eminent_a place_n on_o the_o land_n with_o the_o depth_n of_o water_n on_o they_o as_o well_o as_o in_o the_o channel_n between_o they_o blyth-sand_n this_o sand_n begin_v at_o the_o low_a end_n of_o the_o hope_n from_o hope-ness_a alias_o sands-head-point_n on_o the_o south_n side_n and_o run_v down_o below_o hull-haven_n it_o lie_v e._n n._n e._n the_o low_a down_o the_o broad_a there_o be_v some_o distance_n between_o the_o eastermost_a end_n and_o the_o shore_n but_o the_o westermost_a end_n join_v to_o the_o land_n those_o that_o turn_v either_o go_v up_o or_o down_o must_v come_v no_o near_o it_o than_o five_o fathom_n at_o low-water_n and_o seven_o fathom_n at_o high-water_n on_o the_o north_n side_n you_o will_v have_v five_o and_o six_o fathom_n at_o low-water_n this_o sand_n be_v note_v in_o the_o draught_n with_o the_o letter_n a._n hole-haven-scarr_n hole-haven-scarr_n be_v a_o dangerous_a shoal_n be_v very_o hard_a ground_n and_o join_v to_o the_o shore_n a_o little_a below_o hole-haven_n stretch_v off_o from_o the_o land_n about_o two_o cable_n length_n be_v very_o steep_a and_o have_v ten_o fathom_n close_o by_o it_o this_o and_o the_o low_a end_n of_o blyth-sand_n make_v the_o channel_n more_o narrow_a than_o either_o above_o or_o below_o and_o cause_v the_o tide_n to_o run_v very_o strong_a in_o spring-tyde_n it_o be_v dry_a at_o low-water_n this_o shoal_n be_v mark_v in_o the_o draught_n with_o the_o letter_n b._n the_o chapman_n the_o chapman_n be_v a_o shoal_n that_o lie_v about_o two_o mile_n below_o the_o scar_n on_o the_o north_n side_n head_n chapman_n head_n the_o west_n end_n thereof_o join_v to_o the_o shore_n and_o be_v call_v the_o chapman-head_n it_o lie_v down_o near_o from_o the_o scar_n east_n be_v near_o half_a a_o mile_n in_o length_n and_o steep_a too_o have_v nine_o fathom_n close_o to_o it_o a_o good_a part_n of_o the_o east_n end_v thereof_o appear_v dry_a at_o low-water_n be_v hard_o strong_a and_o uneven_a ground_n have_v six_o fathom_n water_n close_o aboard_o of_o it_o the_o thwart_a mark_n for_o the_o east_n end_n of_o the_o chapman_n be_v to_o bring_v hadley_n church_n and_o hadley_n castle_n both_o in_o one_o this_o sand_n be_v note_v in_o the_o draught_n with_o the_o letter_n c._n from_o hence_o run_v a_o shoal_n which_o reach_v below_o canvey-island_n high-sand_n high-sand_n and_o be_v call_v high-sand_n middleground_n this_o middleground_n be_v a_o shoal_n that_o lie_v against_o lee_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o channel_n and_o at_o low_a tide_n there_o be_v no_o more_o than_o 11_o 12_o or_o 13_o foot_n water_n and_o on_o each_o side_n about_o 4_o or_o 4_o fathom_n and_o a_o half_a the_o south_n side_n be_v the_o deep_a it_o be_v about_o two_o mile_n in_o length_n and_o lie_v down_o east_n as_o the_o river_n do_v ground_n mark_n of_o the_o middle_a ground_n the_o mark_n for_o this_o sand_n be_v to_o bring_v lee_n church_n on_o the_o east_n point_v of_o the_o marsh_n which_o be_v the_o east_n end_n of_o canvey-island_n then_o be_v you_o thwart_v of_o the_o shoal_a part_n of_o it_o where_o you_o have_v but_o ten_o foot_n at_o low-water_n to_o avoid_v it_o you_o may_v go_v on_o either_o side_n thereof_o this_o shelf_n be_v note_v in_o the_o draught_n with_o the_o letter_n d._n the_o nower_n and_o buoy_z the_o nower_n be_v a_o sand_n that_o lie_v from_o part_n of_o the_o isle_n of_o grean_n and_o run_v down_o near_a east_n two_o little_a mile_n on_o the_o east_n point_v thereof_o lie_v a_o buoy_z in_o twelve_o foot_n at_o low-water_n this_o sand_n be_v broad_a in_o some_o place_n than_o in_o other_o by_o reason_n of_o some_o swatche_n that_o be_v in_o it_o bovy_n mark_n of_o the_o bovy_n and_o dry_v every_o low-water_n minster-church_n in_o the_o isle_n of_o sheppy_n bear_v south_n by_o east_n from_o the_o buoy_z of_o the_o nower_n and_o shyrness_n west_n half_a southerly_a about_o three_o mile_n from_o the_o buoy_z of_o the_o nower_n to_o the_o buoy_z of_o the_o oaze-edge_n the_o course_n be_v east_n one_o quarter_n southerly_a near_o five_o mile_n this_o sand_n and_o buoy_z be_v mark_v in_o the_o draught_n with_o the_o letter_n e._n the_o cant._n the_o cant_n be_v a_o great_a flat_a that_o lie_v on_o the_o north_n side_n of_o sheppy_n and_o join_v to_o the_o shore_n and_o begin_v a_o little_a to_o the_o eastward_a of_o shyreness_n and_o so_o run_v to_o the_o east_n end_n of_o the_o island_n where_o the_o west_n end_n of_o the_o redsand_n and_o spaniard_n join_v to_o it_o this_o shoal_n lie_v off_o from_o sheppy_n in_o some_o place_n a_o mile_n in_o other_o two_o the_o more_o to_o the_o east_n the_o far_o off_o by_o mean_n of_o its_o join_n with_o the_o redsand_n there_o be_v no_o mark_n for_o this_o sand_n only_o the_o depth_n of_o water_n be_v four_o five_o or_o six_o fathom_n so_o near_o the_o ship_n may_v go_v the_o time_n of_o tide_n consider_v but_o from_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o say_a cant_n begin_v deep_a water_n close_o to_o it_o down_o to_o the_o spile_v as_o 11_o 12_o spile_v spile_v or_o 13_o fathom_n and_o be_v call_v bradgate-hole_n shooberry-ness_n shooberry-ness_n be_v part_n of_o a_o great_a flat_a that_o begin_v below_o lee-town_n and_o run_v down_o the_o river_n northerly_a to_o the_o north-east_n of_o whitaker_n this_o ness_n lie_v right_o
off_o a_o mile_n from_o the_o shore_n and_o fall_v dry_a at_o low-water_n be_v steep_a too_o have_v ten_o fathom_n close_o to_o it_o to_o avoid_v this_o come_v no_o near_o it_o than_o eight_o fathom_n ness_n thwart_v mark_n of_o shooberry_n ness_n the_o thwart_a mark_n of_o it_o be_v to_o bring_v two_o high_a tree_n a_o little_a open_a to_o the_o west_n of_o shooberry-steeple_n which_o be_v a_o spire_n steeple_n to_o go_v clear_a of_o shooberry-flat_a mark_n long_a mark_n keep_v the_o high_a land_n of_o lee_n open_a of_o the_o land_n on_o the_o north-east_n of_o it_o and_o that_o will_v go_v in_o the_o best_a of_o the_o channel_n black-tayl_n this_o be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o foresay_a great_a flat_a and_o lie_v below_o shooberry-ness_a e.n.e._n about_o four_o mile_n be_v steep_a too_o and_o have_v six_o seven_o and_o eight_o fathom_v above_o and_o below_o it_o but_o you_o must_v come_v no_o near_o it_o than_o 8_o fathom_n the_o warp_n the_o warp_n be_v a_o shoal_n that_o lie_v in_o the_o fair-way_n come_v out_o of_o the_o swim_v up_o the_o river_n begin_v near_o to_o the_o buoy_z of_o oaze-edge_n and_o tayl_v up_o as_o high_a as_o the_o middleground_n of_o lee_n upon_o it_o there_o be_v but_o four_o fathom_n at_o low-water_n on_o the_o north_n side_n there_o be_v eight_o and_o ten_o fathom_n and_o on_o the_o south_n side_n ten_o and_o eleven_o fathom_n this_o sand_n be_v note_v in_o the_o draught_n with_o the_o letter_n f._n the_o shoe_n and_o beacon_n the_o shoe_n be_v also_o a_o part_n of_o the_o forementioned_a great_a flat_a be_v very_o steep_a too_o the_o course_n from_o the_o black-tayl_n to_o the_o shoe_n and_o beacon_n be_v north-east_n half_a easterly_a about_o four_o or_o five_o mile_n you_o must_v not_o come_v near_o the_o beacon_n than_o nine_o or_o ten_o fathom_n and_o you_o may_v stand_v over_o towards_o the_o mouse_n in_o ten_o fathom_n and_o so_o near_o from_o this_o beacon_n to_o the_o buoy_z of_o the_o oaze-edge_n the_o course_n be_v south-west_n by_o south_n distant_a about_o four_o mile_n between_o this_o beacon_n and_o the_o whitaker_n you_o may_v come_v in_o six_o fathom_n on_o the_o north-side_n and_o on_o the_o southside_n near_o the_o mouse_n in_o ten_o fathom_n in_o the_o fair-way_n be_v seven_o eight_o or_o nine_o fathom_n the_o shooe-beacon_n and_o buoy_z of_o the_o redsand_n do_v bear_v north_n and_o south_n near_a one_o of_o the_o other_o betwixt_o five_o and_o six_o mile_n middleground_n and_o buoy_z this_o sand_n lie_v between_o buxey-sand_n and_o the_o east-barrows_n be_v about_o five_o mile_n in_o length_n and_o lie_v near_o north-east_n and_o south-west_n upon_o the_o south-west_n end_n be_v place_v a_o buoy_z which_o bear_v from_o the_o shooe-beacon_n north-east_n by_o north_n two_o degree_n easterly_a about_o five_o mile_n you_o may_v sail_v from_o the_o shoe_n be_v below_o it_o by_o your_o lead_n towards_o the_o whitaker_n in_o 6_o 6_o fathom_n and_o a_o half_a and_z 7_o and_o a_o half_a and_o on_o the_o barrow_n side_n in_o 8_o fathom_n and_o in_o the_o fair-way_n be_v 9_o or_o 10_o fathom_n the_o buoy_z at_o low-water_n lie_v in_o 18_o foot_n and_o on_o this_o sand_n at_o low-water_n be_v 4_o 5_o and_z 6_o foot_n water_n the_o middle-middle-ground_n this_o be_v a_o small_a shoal_n that_o lie_v w.n.w._n half_a a_o mile_n from_o the_o buoy_z of_o the_o middleground_n and_o extend_v itself_o a_o little_a below_o the_o whitaker-beacon_n on_o this_o sand_n there_o be_v no_o more_o than_o 14_o foot_n at_o low-water_n to_o avoid_v it_o you_o must_v keep_v within_o two_o cable_n length_n of_o the_o buoy_z of_o the_o middleground_n at_o the_o north_n end_n of_o this_o shoal_n there_o be_v 5_o or_o 6_o fathom_n water_n this_o be_v note_v in_o the_o draught_n with_o the_o letter_n g._n the_o whitaker_n and_o beacon_n the_o whitaker_n be_v also_o a_o part_n of_o the_o forementioned_a great_a flat_a and_o be_v the_o north-east_n point_v thereof_o on_o which_o stand_v a_o beacon_n from_o whence_o run_v off_o a_o tail_n of_o the_o foresay_a flat_a a_o little_a to_o the_o northward_a of_o the_o beacon_n to_o avoid_v which_o come_v no_o near_o than_o seven_o fathom_n betwixt_o this_o and_o the_o s._n w._n end_n of_o the_o buxey_n go_v in_o a_o small_a channel_n up_o towards_o foul-ness_a call_v north-fletch_a useful_a only_o for_o small_a vessel_n from_o whitaker_n to_o the_o buoy_z of_o the_o buxey_n you_o may_v sail_v in_o 6_o or_o 7_o fathom_n and_o towards_o the_o middleground_n in_o 8_o fathom_n in_o the_o fair-way_n there_o be_v 7_o fathom_n and_o on_o this_o tail_n there_o be_v but_o two_o fathom_n at_o low-water_n the_o burey_n and_o buoy_z the_o buxey_n be_v a_o sand_n that_o lie_v on_o the_o north_n side_n of_o whitaker_n and_o stretch_v itself_o south-west_n and_o north-east_n fall_v dry_a at_o low-water_n at_o the_o north_n end_v thereof_o lie_v a_o buoy_z betwixt_o this_o buoy_z and_o the_o south-west_n end_n of_o the_o gunfleet_n go_v in_o a_o channel_n call_v the_o spit_v where_o there_o be_v but_o six_o and_o seven_o foot_n at_o low-water_n be_v a_o quarter_n of_o a_o mile_n broad_a spit_n mark_n for_o the_o spit_n the_o mark_n for_o it_o be_v a_o flat_a steeple_n call_v great_a holland_n bring_v it_o into_o a_o small_a swamp_n or_o gaul_n in_o a_o red_a cliff_n then_o do_v the_o church_n bear_v north_n half_a westerly_a then_o steer_v in_o northwest_n till_o your_o water_n deepen_v then_o bear_v down_o towards_o the_o naze_n according_a to_o your_o wind_n the_o near_a the_o gunfleet_n the_o deep_a the_o water_n be_v as_o you_o sail_n you_o shall_v have_v 5_o 6_o 7_o and_z 8_o fathom_n water_n the_o gunfleet_n and_o buoy_z the_o gunfleet_n be_v a_o long_a sand_n by_o judgement_n eight_o or_o nine_o mile_n and_o have_v in_o it_o some_o small_a swatche_n the_o south-west_n end_n of_o it_o and_o the_o north-east_n end_n be_v flat_a and_o good_a shoal_v but_o on_o either_o side_n steep_a in_o some_o part_n of_o it_o more_o than_o other_o you_o may_v sail_v alongst_o it_o on_o the_o south_n side_n from_o the_o south-west_n end_v downward_o in_o seven_o fathom_n till_o you_o come_v within_o a_o large_a mile_n of_o the_o buoy_z come_v no_o near_o than_o nine_o fathom_n here_o lie_v a_o hook_n e.s.e._n off_o from_o the_o sand_n a_o long_a cable_n length_n hook_n a_o hook_n on_o the_o southeast_n side_n of_o which_o go_v a_o small_a swatch_n quite_o through_o the_o sand_n to_o the_o northwest_n which_o cause_v the_o tide_n to_o set_v in_o there_o so_o that_o when_o vessel_n pass_v near_o it_o if_o not_o careful_a in_o time_n it_o draw_v they_o into_o the_o swatch_n or_o upon_o the_o hook_n to_o avoid_v which_o come_v no_o near_o this_o part_n of_o the_o sand_n than_o ten_o fathom_n from_o this_o hook_n to_o the_o north-east_n end_n this_o sand_n be_v very_o steep_a too_o but_o at_o the_o end_n flat_a as_o aforesaid_a this_o sand_n lie_v north-east_n and_o south-west_n a_o good_a part_n of_o it_o dri_v in_o some_o part_n half_o a_o mile_n and_o other_o part_n one_o three_o of_o a_o mile_n broad_a and_o if_o you_o stand_v from_o this_o sand_n to_o the_o heap_n come_v no_o near_o they_o than_o ten_o fathom_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o channel_n be_v eight_o fathom_n the_o buoy_z of_o the_o gunfleet_n lie_v from_o the_o naze_n southeast_n by_o east_n four_o mile_n the_o heap_n the_o heap_n be_v several_a bank_n of_o sand_n as_o it_o be_v hurdle_n by_o some_o call_v the_o hurdle_n join_v to_o the_o north-east_n end_n of_o the_o middleground_n e.n.e._n and_o w.s.w._n on_o which_o at_o low-water_n be_v but_o seven_o foot_n and_o very_o steep_a too_o and_o run_v down_o about_o three_o mile_n the_o north-east_n end_v thereof_o do_v bear_v from_o the_o naze_n south_n by_o east_n half_a easterly_a the_o channel_n betwixt_o they_o and_o the_o gunfleet_n be_v four_o mile_n broad_a in_o turn_v up_o or_o down_o come_v no_o near_o they_o than_o ten_o fathom_n some_o of_o these_o heap_n do_v dry_a on_o spring-tyde_n these_o be_v note_v in_o the_o draught_n with_o the_o letter_n b._n the_o andrews_n the_o andrews_n be_v a_o narrow_a point_n of_o small_a stone_n that_o lie_v out_o from_o landguard_n point_v near_o half_a a_o mile_n and_o dri_v at_o low-water_n on_o the_o south-west_n side_n of_o this_o spit_n lie_v several_a heap_n of_o small_a stone_n that_o also_o dry_a at_o spring-tyde_n but_o when_o you_o have_v the_o two_o light-house_n in_o one_o sail_v so_o it_o direct_v you_o free_a of_o they_o and_o as_o you_o sail_v out_o of_o harwich_n to_o the_o northwards_o when_o you_o have_v bring_v bawdsey_n steeple_n open_a of_o the_o land_n to_o the_o south_n of_o bawdsey_n then_o be_v you_o clear_a of_o the_o andrews_n and_o may_v
marget-sand_n there_o be_v two_o fathom_n and_o on_o the_o north-side_n 7_o 8_o and_z 9_o fathom_n marget-sand_n the_o east_n end_n of_o marget-sand_n lie_v before_o margot_n and_o westgate-bay_n and_o up_o till_o you_o be_v thwart_v the_o reculver_n and_o by_o reason_n of_o some_o swatche_n that_o be_v in_o it_o it_o be_v divide_v into_o more_o name_n the_o searn_v the_o woolpack_n the_o east_n end_n of_o this_o sand_n bear_v from_o marget-church_n north_n half_a west_n four_o mile_n distance_n and_o as_o it_o run_v up_o to_o the_o westward_n so_o it_o grow_v near_o the_o shore_n end_n mark_n for_o the_o east_n end_n the_o mark_n for_o the_o east_n end_n be_v to_o bring_v marget-steeple_n and_o the_o mill_n in_o one_o the_o depth_n you_o have_v along_o this_o sand_n as_o you_o turn_v up_o or_o down_o be_v at_o the_o east_n end_n and_o so_o upward_o 9_o 8_o 7_o 6_o 5_o fathom_n on_o the_o north_n side_n of_o this_o sand_n a_o quarter_n of_o a_o mile_n off_o lie_v another_o sand_n call_v the_o wedge_n wedg_n the_o wedg_n which_o run_v down_o alongst_o by_o it_o and_o a_o channel_n of_o 4_o 3_o 2_o 1_o fathom_n water_n at_o the_o low_a end_n it_o join_v with_o the_o other_o sand_n at_o the_o east_n end_n the_o most_o part_n of_o this_o sand_n dry_v at_o low-water_n the_o colborn_n the_o colborn_n be_v a_o shoal_n that_o lie_v to_o the_o northwards_o of_o white-dike_a and_o a_o little_a to_o the_o southwards_o of_o broad-stairs-peer_n which_o sometime_o ebb_v dry_a it_o lie_v a_o large_a half_a mile_n off_o the_o shore_n and_o there_o be_v nine_o foot_n water_n between_o it_o and_o the_o shore_n the_o mark_n for_o a_o small_a ship_n to_o avoid_v it_o be_v to_o keep_v the_o top_n of_o st._n peters-steeple_n open_a over_o the_o land_n this_o shoal_n be_v note_v in_o the_o draught_n with_o the_o letter_n u._fw-mi the_o white-dike_n the_o white-dike_a be_v a_o shoal_n that_o run_v off_o from_o the_o shore_n a_o large_a half_a mile_n and_o lie_v half_o a_o mile_n to_o the_o northwards_o of_o ramsgate_n all_o the_o inner_a part_n of_o it_o dry_v every_o ebb_n and_o on_o the_o outer_a part_n it_o be_v two_o foot_n at_o low-water_n and_o at_o sometime_o there_o be_v but_o eight_o or_o nine_o foot_n in_o the_o channel_n betwixt_o this_o and_o the_o quern_n channel_n inner_a channel_n this_o shoal_n be_v note_v in_o the_o draught_n with_o the_o letter_n t._n the_o quern_n the_o quern_n be_v a_o small_a shoal_n that_o lie_v w.n.w._n from_o the_o brake_n channel_n the_o inner_a channel_n between_o they_o both_o be_v a_o channel_n for_o good_a ship_n at_o high-water_n it_o be_v a_o mile_n broad_a only_o at_o the_o south_n end_v there_o lie_v a_o small_a middleground_n near_o to_o the_o brake_n on_o which_o there_o be_v but_o seven_o foot_n at_o low-water_n the_o long_a mark_n for_o this_o middleground_n mark._n long_a mark._n be_v to_o bring_v st._n margets-church_n near_o the_o south-fereland_a a_o ship_n length_n open_a to_o the_o southwards_o of_o deal-castle_n the_o thwart_a mark_n mark_n thwart_v mark_n be_v to_o bring_v winsborough-steeple_n a_o ship_n length_n open_a to_o the_o northwards_o of_o sandwich-steeple_n then_o be_v you_o to_o the_o northward_a of_o this_o middleground_n the_o lead_a mark_n through_o this_o channel_n mark._n lead_v mark._n be_v to_o bring_v st._n margets-church_n in_o the_o middle_n between_o wamor_n and_o deal-castle_n the_o middleground_n except_v for_o when_o you_o come_v near_o that_o you_o must_v keep_v the_o church_n as_o aforesaid_a or_o you_o may_v turn_v the_o church_n from_o the_o middle_n between_o deal_n and_o wamor-castle_n if_o you_o bring_v the_o church_n more_o than_o half_o over_o towards_o wamor-castle_n you_o will_v be_v near_o the_o brake_n if_o not_o on_o it_o the_o mark_n for_o the_o north-end_n of_o the_o quern_n be_v to_o bring_v st._n lawrence-steeple_n a_o ship_n length_n to_o the_o southward_n of_o the_o cliff_n for_o the_o south-end_n bring_v the_o mill_n near_o ramsgate_n to_o the_o northward_a of_o ramsgate-peer_n depth_n in_o this_o channel_n at_o low-water_n be_v two_o and_o a_o half_a three_o and_o a_o half_a and_o four_o fathom_n the_o near_a the_o break_v the_o deep_a this_o sand_n be_v note_v in_o the_o draught_n with_o the_o letter_n s_o the_o brake_n the_o brake_n be_v a_o sand_n that_o lie_v to_o the_o westward_n of_o the_o north_n part_n of_o the_o goodwin_n between_o this_o and_o the_o goodwin_n be_v the_o channel_n for_o great_a ship_n to_o pass_v the_o north_n end_n of_o it_o be_v the_o narrow_a and_o most_o steep_a too_o and_o dry_v most_o at_o low-water_n the_o mark_n for_o the_o north_n end_n be_v to_o bring_v st._n lawrence-steeple_n on_o the_o south_n end_n of_o the_o cliff_n to_o the_o northward_a of_o ramsgate-peer_n this_o sand_n lie_v n.n.e._n and_o s.s.w._n the_o mark_n for_o the_o south_n end_n be_v to_o bring_v ash-steeple_n open_v a_o hand-spike_n length_n to_o the_o south_n of_o sandwich-steeple_n then_o be_v you_o clear_a to_o the_o southward_a of_o the_o south_n end_n or_o else_o the_o windmill_n on_o the_o cliff_n at_o the_o s._n e._n end_n of_o the_o town_n of_o ramsgate_n the_o depth_n in_o this_o channel_n be_v 7_o 8_o 9_o 10_o 11_o and_o 12_o fathom_n the_o mark_n to_o lead_v through_o to_o the_o northwards_o of_o the_o cliff_n of_o the_o south-foreland_n point_n or_o else_o marget-church_n on_o the_o three_o cliff_n from_o the_o foreland_n northward_o to_o te_fw-la northward_o of_o the_o bunt-bead_n the_o goodwin_n be_v not_o so_o steep_a too_o but_o you_o may_v come_v there_o in_o 8_o fathom_n and_o to_o the_o brake_n in_o 6_o and_o 7_o fathom_n according_a to_o the_o time_n of_o tide_n this_o sand_n be_v about_o two_o mile_n long_o and_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o mile_n broad_a the_o goodwin_n the_o goodwin_n be_v a_o sand_n that_o lie_v before_o the_o down_n and_o be_v from_o the_o shore_n in_o some_o part_n four_o mile_n and_o in_o some_o five_o the_o southern_a half_n lie_v s.s.w._n and_o n.n.e._n round_v towards_o the_o south-foreland_n the_o northern_a part_n of_o it_o lie_v north_n and_o south_n round_v to_o the_o east_n side_n and_o be_v in_o most_o place_n steep_v too_o at_o the_o north_n end_v there_o be_v indifferent_a good_a shoal_v the_o sand_n by_o storm_n and_o strong_a tide_n alter_v every_o year_n be_v very_o broad_a and_o dry_v a_o great_a part_n of_o it_o but_o most_o to_o the_o north_n end_n the_o mark_n for_o to_o go_v clear_a of_o the_o north-sand-head_n north-sand-head_n mark_n for_o the_o north-sand-head_n be_v to_o bring_v st._n peters-steeple_n on_o broad-stairs-peer_n this_o mark_n will_v direct_v you_o by_o it_o in_o 5_o and_o 6_o fathom_n according_a to_o the_o tide_n and_o in_o the_o night_n the_o light_n on_o the_o north-foreland_n n._n w._n half_a west_n the_o mark_n for_o the_o south-sand-head_n south-sand-head_n mark_n for_o the_o south-sand-head_n be_v the_o steeple_n of_o ring-joul_a on_o the_o village_n call_v kings-down_a or_o the_o light-house_n on_o the_o south-foreland_a together_o from_o this_o sand_n spit_v out_o against_o the_o brake_n a_o sand_n call_v the_o bunt-head_n bunthead_n bunthead_n which_o be_v very_o steep_a too_o have_v 11_o sathom_n close_o to_o it_o the_o north_n end_n lie_v off_o broad-stair_n about_o six_o mile_n and_o the_o south_n end_n about_o 3_o mile_n off_o the_o shore_n if_o you_o come_v from_o the_o west_n do_v keep_v folkston-land_n open_a of_o dover-land_n it_o will_v carry_v you_o without_o the_o south-sand-head_n the_o fat_v the_o fall_n be_v a_o long_a narrow_a sand_n that_o lie_v south_n by_o west_n from_o the_o galloper_n about_o 12_o mile_n it_o be_v 15_o mile_n in_o length_n and_o lie_v south_n by_o west_n and_o north_n by_o east_n the_o south_n end_n lie_v about_o 7_o mile_n without_o the_o goodwin-sand_n and_o bear_v from_o the_o light-house_n on_o the_o southforeland_n e._n n._n e._n about_o 13_o mile_n the_o north_n end_n bear_v from_o st._n peter_n church_n on_o the_o north-foreland_a e._n n._n e._n about_o 16_o mile_n the_o south_n end_n be_v shoal_a where_o there_o be_v but_o 20_o and_o 21_o foot_n at_o low-water_n this_o end_n have_v a_o broad_a round_o flat_a head_n like_o the_o galloper_n where_o the_o tide_n do_v ripple_n and_o whelm_v very_o much_o close_o to_o it_o there_o be_v 20_o fathom_n some_o say_v they_o have_v be_v on_o it_o in_o 15_o foot_n water_n on_o the_o north_n part_n of_o it_o 4_o 4_o and_o a_o half_a 5_o and_z 5_o fathom_n and_o a_o half_a whether_o it_o alter_v or_o not_o we_o can_v learn_v of_o any_o the_o ground_n be_v gross_a gravel_n and_o the_o sounding_n about_o it_o be_v very_o uneven_a a_o mile_n within_o and_o without_o the_o north_n end_v there_o be_v 27_o fathom_n it_o be_v steep_a too_o on_o both_o side_n the_o
fathom_v water_n because_o it_o be_v narrow_a and_o so_o the_o shoal_v of_o the_o middleground_n do_v continue_v till_o you_o come_v down_o as_o low_a as_o the_o buoy_z of_o the_o spit_n spit_n buoy_z of_o the_o spit_n the_o channel_n begin_v to_o be_v broad_a and_o if_o the_o wind_n be_v so_o that_o you_o must_v turn_v be_v sure_a to_o keep_v hold_n of_o the_o gunfleet_n gunfleet_n gunfleet_n but_o if_o the_o wind_n be_v fair_a that_o you_o may_v lead_v it_o run_v down_o in_o the_o shoal_v of_o the_o gunfleet_n till_o you_o bring_v the_o naze_n n._n n._n w._n and_o then_o go_v thence_o north-east_n by_o east_n also_o that_o it_o will_v lead_v you_o clear_a of_o the_o sonk_z and_o go_v still_o that_o course_n till_o you_o have_v bring_v the_o naze-land_n w._n n._n w._n or_o west_n by_o north._n the_o sonk_z do_v lie_v from_o the_o naze_n north-east_n and_o south-west_n so_o that_o if_o you_o bring_v the_o naze-land_n to_o lie_v west_n by_o north_n you_o may_v be_v bold_a to_o go_v a_o more_o easterly_a course_n until_o you_o come_v to_o 16_o or_o 18_o fathom_n for_o 14_o or_o 15_o fathom_n will_v go_v hard_a by_o the_o kentish-knock_a note_v also_o that_o you_o may_v see_v the_o tree_n over_o the_o naze_n when_o you_o can_v see_v the_o naze_n the_o kentish-knock_a do_v lie_v from_o the_o long-sand-head_n long-sand-head_n kentish-knock_a long-sand-head_n three_o or_o four_o mile_n e._n s._n e._n and_o when_o you_o have_v the_o aforesaid_a sixteen_o fathom_n than_o you_o may_v judge_v the_o naze-land_n to_o be_v w._n n._n w._n or_o west_n by_o north_n then_o go_v thence_o s._n s._n w._n upon_o a_o ebb_n and_o upon_o a_o flood_n south_n or_o s.s.e._n as_o the_o wind_n be_v or_o the_o weakness_n of_o the_o tide_n so_o must_v you_o work_v and_o that_o will_v carry_v you_o clear_a with_o the_o north-foreland_n and_o if_o you_o go_v about_o the_o north-sand-head_n or_o about_o all_o or_o the_o goodwin_n than_o you_o must_v keep_v more_o easterly_a and_o note_v north-sand-head_n north-sand-head_n that_o the_o north-sand-head_n and_o the_o long-sand-head_n lie_v south_n and_o north_n and_o the_o kentish-knock_a lie_v from_o the_o north-foreland_a north_n by_o east_n and_o south_n by_o west_n there_o be_v nothing_o between_o marget-sand_n and_o the_o north-foreland_a and_o therefore_o you_o need_v not_o fear_v and_o as_o i_o say_v before_o to_o go_v about_o the_o goodwin_n run_v off_o till_o you_o come_v to_o 26_o or_o 30_o fathom_n for_o 18_o or_o 20_o fathom_n go_v near_o the_o sand_n and_o so_o run_v in_o this_o depth_n until_o you_o have_v bring_v the_o land_n of_o dover_n open_a of_o the_o south-foreland_a than_o you_o may_v be_v bold_a to_o hale_v in_o with_o the_o foreland_n there_o be_v nothing_o between_o the_o goodwin_n and_o marget-sand_n or_o north-foreland_a to_o fear_v to_o sail_v unto_o cowen_n and_o malden-water_n when_o you_o be_v at_o the_o buoy_z of_o the_o spit_n spit_v spit_v your_o course_n be_v w._n n._n w._n in_o 4_o or_o 5_o fathom_n as_o the_o wind_n serve_v for_o the_o ebb_n set_v upon_o a_o shoal_n that_o lie_v to_o the_o eastward_o call_v the_o eagle_n eagle_n eagle_n and_o the_o tide_n of_o flood_n set_v on_o a_o shoal_n call_v the_o knowl_n and_o be_v to_o the_o westward_a of_o your_o go_v in_o and_o you_o may_v run_v down_o to_o the_o southward_a borrow_v in_o five_o fathom_n upon_o the_o main_a until_o you_o bring_v banbury-land_n which_o be_v the_o high_a land_n that_o lie_v above_o malden_n a_o sail_n breadth_n open_a with_o bradwell-point_n which_o mark_n will_v bring_v you_o between_o the_o eagle_n and_o the_o knowl_n and_o run_v with_o these_o mark_n until_o you_o bring_v a_o steeple_n that_o stand_v on_o the_o north-shore_n open_a of_o the_o red_a cliff_n end_n and_o so_o run_v with_o these_o mark_n open_a and_o shut_v north_n up_o marzey-block-house_n marzey-block-house_n until_o you_o come_v to_o marzey-block-house_n and_o there_o you_o may_v come_v to_o a_o anchor_n in_o six_o or_o seven_o fathom_n water_n direction_n to_o sail_n into_o harwich_n come_v from_o the_o southwards_o if_o you_o come_v from_o the_o southward_a keep_v harwich-steeple_n open_v a_o good_a birth_n off_o the_o cliff-end_n and_o on_o the_o north_n end_n keep_v farberry-clift_n open_a of_o the_o beach_n on_o the_o east_n side_n and_o so_o you_o may_v go_v in_o bear_v close_o by_o the_o beach_n for_o fear_n of_o the_o altar_n altar_n altar_n which_o lie_v within_o a_o cable_n length_n of_o the_o beach_n and_o so_o you_o may_v go_v along_o clear_a keep_v by_o the_o beach_n till_o you_o come_v to_o the_o wore-bore-head_n and_o then_o you_o may_v steer_v up_o with_o ipswich-water_n and_o anchor_n with_o harwich_n s._n s._n w._n in_o five_o or_o six_o fathom_n water_n and_o the_o high_o up_o the_o better_a ground_n till_o you_o bring_v the_o town_n south_n of_o you_o other_o direction_n for_o harwich_n come_v from_o the_o northwards_o when_o you_o come_v from_o the_o northward_a and_o be_v shoot_v past_o the_o whiting_n as_o far_o as_o bawdsey-cliff_n keep_v orford-church_n and_o castle_n open_a of_o the_o cliff_n and_o that_o will_v carry_v you_o clear_a of_o the_o andrews_n and_o then_o when_o you_o see_v the_o light-house_n bring_v they_o one_o into_o another_o and_o get_v into_o four_o or_o five_o fathom_n water_n or_o somewhat_o more_o towards_o high-water_n then_o run_v in_o about_o by_o the_o point_n the_o channel_n lie_v in_o due_a north_n but_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o havens_n lie_v a_o sink_a rock_n call_v the_o altar_n which_o you_o must_v avoid_v by_o sail_v on_o either_o side_n by_o one_o shore_n or_o the_o other_o but_o along_o by_o the_o east-shore_n be_v best_a be_v within_o it_o you_o can_v sail_v amiss_o or_o take_v hurt_v except_o you_o run_v against_o the_o shore_n there_o you_o may_v anchor_v all_o over_o where_o you_o please_v before_o the_o town_n in_o 4_o 5_o 6_o or_o 7_o fathom-water_n or_o you_o may_v go_v further_o into_o the_o bite_v for_o it_o be_v every_o where_o clean_o other_o direction_n to_o sail_v into_o harwich_n the_o mark_n in_o this_o channel_n to_o sail_v into_o harwich_n be_v to_o keep_v the_o top_n of_o harwich-steeple_n half_a way_n betwixt_o the_o fire-beacon_n on_o harwich_n and_o the_o north_n end_n of_o the_o cliff_n or_o the_o low_a light-house_n a_o little_a open_a of_o the_o north_n end_n of_o harwich-cliff_n and_o so_o sail_v in_o n._n n._n w._n keep_v those_o mark_n so_o till_o you_o come_v within_o half_a a_o mile_n of_o harwich-cliff_n then_o bear_v to_o the_o north-eastwards_a so_o far_o till_o you_o bring_v the_o body_n of_o the_o church_n open_a to_o the_o northwards_o of_o the_o cliff_n than_o edge_n towards_o land-guard-fort_n till_o you_o bring_v both_o the_o light-house_n in_o one_o then_o run_v in_o with_o they_o so_o till_o you_o see_v yourself_o within_o the_o south_n point_v of_o the_o andrews_n which_o you_o shall_v know_v by_o have_v bawdsey-church_n open_a and_o shut_v on_o the_o land_n to_o the_o southwards_o of_o bawdsey_n or_o if_o there_o be_v any_o sea_n or_o half-tyde_n the_o andrews_n be_v plain_a to_o be_v see_v then_o you_o must_v edge_n near_o to_o the_o beach_n where_o the_o fort_n stand_v to_o shun_v the_o altar_n another_o shoal_n that_o lie_v direct_o against_o the_o fort._n to_o sail_v out_o of_o harwich_n in_o the_o north-channel_n you_o may_v sail_v out_o as_o be_v before_o describe_v in_o the_o go_n in_o till_o you_o come_v without_o the_o fort_n then_o bring_v the_o two_o light-house_n into_o one_o and_o so_o sail_v out_o till_o you_o bring_v the_o steeple_n open_a of_o the_o land_n to_o the_o southward_a of_o bawdsey-cliff_n then_o be_v you_o clear_a of_o the_o andrews_n and_o ridge_n then_o steer_v north-east_n by_o east_n until_o you_o bring_v harwich-church_n on_o the_o north_n side_n of_o a_o black_a house_n call_v the_o brewhouse_n which_o stand_v a_o little_a to_o the_o northward_a of_o land-guard-fort_n keep_v they_o mark_v so_o stand_v until_o you_o bring_v bawdsey-church_n open_v a_o little_a to_o the_o northward_a of_o the_o north_n end_n of_o bawdsey-cliff_n then_o be_v you_o open_a of_o the_o sledway_n between_o alborough_n and_o dunwich_n half_a way_n lie_v a_o wood_n which_o be_v high_a at_o both_o end_n and_o the_o midst_n low_a in_o form_n of_o a_o saddle_n this_o you_o shall_v common_o see_v first_o when_o you_o fall_v with_o the_o land_n thereabouts_o and_o be_v the_o best_a to_o know_v the_o coast_n by_o for_o the_o land_n without_o and_o to_o the_o southwards_o be_v very_o low_a and_o sh_o ground_n about_o two_o league_n to_o the_o southward_a of_o alborough_n lie_v orfordness_n between_o they_o both_o there_o stand_v two_o wood_n which_o show_v at_o a_o distance_n like_o castle_n and_o tower_n on_o orfordness_n stand_v a_o flat_a steeple_n
and_o a_o broad_a castle_n which_o have_v also_o a_o thick_a flat_a steeple_n almost_o in_o fashion_n like_o the_o steeple_n of_o ranop_n open_v above_o with_o holes_n in_o it_o like_a bellhole_n before_o dunwich_n you_o may_v anchor_v there_o be_v good_a lie_v in_o eight_o or_o nine_o fathom_n water_n somewhat_o soft_a ground_n before_o alborough_n be_v the_o best_a road_n of_o all_o the_o coast_n thereabouts_o in_o six_o or_o seven_o fathom_n to_o know_v bawdsey_n oasly_n and_o alterton_n church_n bawdsey-church_n be_v the_o high_a and_o big_a steeple_n be_v flat_a at_o top_n as_o the_o other_o be_v it_o stand_v to_o the_o southwards_o of_o all_o the_o rest_n a_o mile_n from_o the_o shore_n oasly-church_n have_v a_o flat_a large_a steeple_n but_o be_v low_a than_o the_o other_o two_o and_o stand_v a_o mile_n to_o the_o northwards_o of_o bawdsey-steeple_n three_o quarter_n of_o a_o mile_n from_o the_o sea_n alterton-steeple_n stand_v to_o the_o northwards_o of_o oasly-church_n a_o mile_n and_o a_o half_a it_o be_v a_o very_a high_a square_a steeple_n but_o much_o small_a than_o the_o other_o two_o and_o stand_v about_o a_o mile_n from_o the_o sea_n some_o say_v that_o oasly-church_n be_v the_o northermost_a of_o the_o three_o and_o if_o you_o keep_v alterton-church_n the_o middle_n of_o the_o three_o open_a to_o the_o northward_a of_o bawdsey-church_n a_o sail_n breadth_n you_o may_v run_v out_o clear_a of_o the_o westrock_n to_o sail_v out_o of_o the_o sledway_n to_o the_o north-foreland_n first_o bring_v the_o north_n end_n of_o bawdsey-cliff_n north-west_n from_o you_o then_o shall_v you_o see_v a_o flat_a steeple_n right_a with_o a_o cliff_n which_o you_o must_v keep_v on_o or_o a_o little_a open_a of_o the_o cliff-end_n until_o you_o bring_v beamont-tree_n on_o the_o naze-land_n w._n n._n w._n and_o then_o you_o may_v steer_v southeast_n or_o southeast_n by_o south_n if_o the_o wind_n serve_v have_v not_o less_o water_n than_o seven_o or_o eight_o fathom_n and_o when_o you_o have_v lay_v the_o netherlands_n to_o water_n you_o may_v sound_v for_o the_o kentish-knock_a and_o come_v no_o near_o it_o thau_fw-fr eight_o or_o nine_o fathom_n as_o the_o wind_n and_o tide_n serve_v and_o be_v about_o the_o knock_n you_o may_v go_v s._n s._n w._n as_o you_o see_v occasion_n to_o sail_v out_o at_o the_o backside_n of_o the_o gunfleet_n if_o you_o will_v sail_v out_o at_o the_o backside_n of_o the_o gunfleet_n be_v in_o the_o sled_n in_o seven_o fathom_n borrow_v on_o the_o westrock_n in_o four_o or_o five_o fathom_n steer_v s._n s._n w._n or_o south-west_n by_o west_n but_o go_v not_o to_o the_o southwards_o of_o five_o fathom_n till_o you_o be_v over_o the_o tail_n of_o the_o rock_n and_o when_o you_o be_v over_o the_o rock_n you_o shall_v have_v 7_o or_o 8_o fathom_n but_o go_v not_o without_o 8_o fathom_n on_o the_o west_n side_n and_o borrow_v on_o the_o gunfleet_n in_o 6_o or_o 7_o fathom_n go_v s._n w._n by_o south_n or_o s._n w._n till_o you_o come_v up_o to_o the_o spit_n or_o as_o you_o see_v occasion_n to_o sail_v by_o the_o naze_n to_o the_o northwards_o from_o the_o eagle_n to_o the_o naze_n you_o may_v borrow_v to_o the_o shore_n and_o the_o course_n be_v n._n e._n by_o north_n or_o n._n n._n e._n to_o go_v by_o the_o naze_n you_o must_v bring_v harwich-steeple_n unto_o the_o east_n part_n of_o the_o saddle_n in_o the_o cliff-end_n be_v sure_a you_o shut_v not_o st._n helen_n into_o the_o naze_n before_o you_o bring_v the_o steeple_n into_o the_o saddle_n and_o so_o you_o may_v steer_v with_o the_o steeple_n until_o you_o bring_v the_o dove-house_n with_o the_o naze_n or_o the_o naze-end_n unto_o a_o tree_n on_o the_o low_a end_n of_o the_o hedge-row_n that_o be_v to_o the_o southward_a of_o the_o house_n and_o be_v in_o one_o then_o may_v you_o have_v your_o other_o mark_n and_o steer_v to_o the_o eastward_a keep_v the_o house_n and_o tree_n in_o one_o and_o more_o to_o the_o southward_a of_o the_o hedge-row_n in_o the_o low_a end_n of_o the_o field_n a_o stone_n cast_v from_o the_o hedge_n be_v a_o lively_a tree_n or_o great_a bush_n which_o you_o may_v bring_v into_o a_o tree_n between_o two_o high_a tree_n that_o be_v to_o the_o southward_a of_o the_o house_n and_o these_o mark_n you_o may_v keep_v in_o one_o steer_v north-east_n by_o north_n keep_v harwich-steeple_n open_a of_o the_o east_n end_n of_o the_o cliff_n and_o then_o you_o may_v bear_v in_o with_o the_o harbour_n but_o the_o best_a water_n be_v when_o the_o steeple_n be_v on_o the_o hommock_n between_o the_o beacon_n and_o the_o cliff_n and_o so_o steer_v to_o the_o northwards_o as_o you_o please_v to_o sail_v clear_a of_o alborough-knapes_a east_n from_o alborough_n two_o league_n lie_v alborough-knapes_a which_o be_v a_o sand_n that_o at_o low-water_n be_v not_o deep_a than_o seven_o or_o eight_o foot_n you_o may_v sound_v round_o about_o it_o in_o five_o fathom_n but_o it_o be_v not_o good_a to_o come_v near_o with_o sea-wind_n you_o may_v discern_v it_o plain_o by_o the_o break_n of_o the_o sea_n but_o with_o northerly_a and_o westerly_a wind_n the_o sea_n break_v not_o at_o all_o upon_o it_o if_o it_o be_v fair_a weather_n he_o that_o run_v by_o it_o to_o the_o northwards_o with_o a_o ebb_n shall_v see_v it_o ripple_n much_o upon_o it_o likewise_o upon_o most_o of_o the_o english_a bank_n and_o indeed_o not_o upon_o the_o bank_n but_o against_o they_o for_o upon_o the_o shoal_a of_o they_o be_v always_o the_o smooth_a water_n as_o experience_n teach_v every_o where_n when-as_a alborough_n be_v west_n from_o you_o and_o the_o two_o steeple_n of_o orfordness_n one_o in_o the_o other_o there_o you_o shall_v find_v alborough-knapes_a these_o be_v sure_a mark_n of_o that_o sand._n to_o sail_v to_o the_o westward_a of_o the_o whitingsand_n the_o whiting_n be_v somewhat_o a_o small_a long_a sand_n lie_v to_o the_o southward_a of_o orfordness_n and_o the_o sh_o grind_v to_o the_o southward_a of_o alborough_n lie_v alongst_o the_o reach_n but_o the_o south_n end_n lie_v further_a from_o land_n than_o the_o north_n end_n there_o be_v not_o above_o six_o or_o seven_o foot_n water_n upon_o it_o at_o low-water_n come_v from_o the_o northward_a man_n most_o common_o sail_v to_o the_o westward_a of_o it_o that_o be_v through_z between_z the_o land_n and_o the_o whiting_n towards_o the_o naze_n man_n may_v also_o sail_v along_o to_o the_o eastward_a of_o it_o through_z between_z the_o whiting_n and_o the_o eastermost_a point_n of_o bawdsey-sand_n the_o north_n end_n of_o the_o whiting_n lie_v near_o the_o shore_n and_o lie_v from_o the_o steeple_n of_o orfordness_n s._n w._n by_o south_n it_o be_v so_o exceed_v steep_a and_o sharp_a that_o at_o one_o cast_v you_o have_v 9_o fathom_n and_o the_o next_o but_o five_o and_o then_o you_o be_v but_o a_o ship_n length_n from_o it_o and_o before_o you_o can_v heave_v the_o lead_n again_o you_o shall_v be_v upon_o it_o when_o you_o sit_v with_o the_o foreship_n against_o it_o you_o have_v 5_o or_o 6_o fathom_n at_o stern_a along_o the_o inward_a side_n it_o be_v also_o every_o where_o so_o steep_a that_o you_o can_v sound_v it_o but_o on_o the_o outside_n you_o may_v run_v alongst_o by_o it_o in_o 5_o fathom_n till_o you_o come_v within_o the_o sand_n when_o you_o come_v from_o the_o northwards_o and_o will_v sail_v through_o within_o the_o whiting_n you_o must_v run_v close_o alongst_o by_o the_o shore_n and_o south-west_n about_o by_o the_o point_n of_o the_o shingle_a to_o the_o southward_a of_o alborough_n until_o you_o come_v within_o the_o north_n point_v of_o the_o whiting_n when_o the_o steeple_n of_o orfordness_n come_v to_o the_o n._n w._n by_o north_n from_o you_o than_o you_o be_v right_a thwart_n of_o the_o north_n point_v of_o the_o whiting_n be_v within_o it_o go_v again_o more_o southerly_a viz._n s._n w._n by_o south_n towards_o barzey-cliff_n to_o run_v in_o to_o the_o eastward_o of_o the_o whiting_n bring_v the_o steeple_n of_o bawdsey_n w._n s._n w._n from_o you_o and_o so_o sail_v in_o right_n with_o it_o until_o you_o come_v by_o the_o whiting_n in_o 5_o or_o 6_o fathom_n and_o lead_v it_o in_o so_o by_o it_o upon_o the_o lead_n until_o you_o come_v by_o bawdsey_n or_o can_v get_v deep_a water_n when_o you_o come_v near_o bawdsey_n whether_o you_o come_v in_o from_o the_o northward_a or_o southward_o of_o the_o whiting_n you_o must_v keep_v somewhat_o off_o from_o the_o shore_n because_o of_o a_o small_a tail_n that_o shoot_v off_o from_o the_o shore_n thwart_v of_o bawdsey-cliff_n which_o you_o must_v avord_v with_o ship_n of_o great_a draught_n for_o there_o remain_v upon_o it_o at_o low-water_n no_o more_o than_o two_o fathom_n
of_o the_o cockle_n cockle_n cockle_n borrow_v upon_o the_o main_a in_o 6_o 5_o or_o 4_o fathom_n until_o you_o come_v thwart_v of_o winterton_n and_o that_o depth_n will_v lead_v you_o until_o you_o come_v within_o the_o middleground_n that_o have_v not_o above_o twelve_o foot_n water_n and_o when_o you_o have_v bring_v winterton_n light-house_n s_o s._n w._n from_o you_o you_o may_v steer_v out_o n._n n._n e._n until_o you_o come_v to_o 8_o or_o 9_o fathom_n water_n and_o then_o you_o may_v be_v sure_a you_o be_v without_o the_o ness_n and_o may_v steer_v alongst_o the_o coast_n or_o direct_v your_o course_n as_o you_o have_v the_o wind._n but_o if_o you_o be_v in_o yarmouth-road_n with_o a_o ship_n that_o draw_v 17_o or_o 18_o foot_n water_n your_o best_a course_n be_v to_o go_v to_o the_o northward_o between_o the_o cockle_n and_o scroby_n mark_n of_o the_o channel_n be_v as_o follow_v you_o must_v bring_v the_o southermost_a round_a tower_n of_o yarmouth_n to_o bear_v with_o the_o two_o southermost_a windmill_n scroby_n to_o sail_v between_o the_o cockle_n &_o scroby_n and_o so_o run_v until_o you_o bring_v the_o say_a tower_n open_a of_o the_o mill_n the_o breadth_n of_o the_o tower_n and_o so_o steer_v into_o the_o northward_o with_o that_o mark_n which_o will_v carry_v you_o out_o between_o the_o two_o sand_n also_o there_o be_v another_o near_a mark_n which_o be_v therefore_o better_a but_o they_o come_v all_o to_o one_o which_o be_v the_o windmill_n which_o stand_v on_o the_o northwest_n part_n of_o the_o town_n a_o little_a sail_n breadth_n to_o the_o westward_n of_o the_o northwest_n tower_n of_o yarmouth_n it_o show_v like_a unto_o a_o dove-house_n this_o mark_n will_v lead_v to_o the_o northwards_o and_o you_o shall_v not_o have_v less_o than_o six_o or_o seven_o fathom_n until_o you_o come_v to_o the_o sea-head_n which_o be_v a_o shoal_n that_o lie_v thwart_v between_o the_o two_o sand_n on_o which_o there_o be_v not_o above_o four_o fathom_n or_o four_o fathom_n and_o a_o half_a at_o low-water_n and_o when_o the_o windmill_n come_v one_o upon_o another_o than_o you_o enter_v upon_o the_o south_n part_n of_o the_o shoal_n which_o will_v continue_v without_o deepn_v or_o shoal_v until_o winterton-church_n and_o the_o light-house_n be_v one_o in_o the_o other_o and_o then_o you_o may_v present_o come_v into_o deep_a water_n and_o may_v steer_v away_o unto_o the_o northward_o n._n w._n or_o n._n w._n by_o west_n or_o n._n w._n by_o north_n and_o this_o course_n shall_v carry_v you_o clear_a within_o the_o rock_n that_o lie_v e._n n._n e._n and_o w._n s._n w._n from_o winterton_n on_o which_o you_o shall_v not_o find_v fifteen_o foot_n at_o low-water_n in_o some_o place_n if_o you_o be_v come_v from_o the_o northward_o and_o will_v go_v into_o this_o channel_n follow_v this_o direction_n to_o the_o northwest_n of_o haseborough_n you_o shall_v see_v a_o low_a flat_a church_n keep_v that_o a_o sail_n breadth_n off_o haseborough-cliff_n and_o steer_v direct_o with_o this_o mark_n will_v bring_v you_o into_o the_o channel_n before_o mention_v yarmouth-road_n to_o bring_v you_o into_o yarmouth-road_n and_o to_o know_v the_o right_a church_n when_o it_o be_v open_a and_o shut_v of_o the_o cliff_n of_o haseborough_n be_v this_o when_o haseborough-church_n do_v bear_v n._n w._n by_o west_n from_o you_o and_o steer_v away_o s._n e._n by_o east_n will_v bring_v you_o into_o the_o mark_n and_o channel_n aforesaid_a and_o within_o all_o the_o over-falls_a that_o lie_v short_a of_o wintertonness_n from_o winterton_n to_o haseborough-point_n the_o course_n be_v n._n w._n three_o league_n from_o haseborough_n to_o cromor_n the_o coast_n lie_v n._n w._n and_o west_n by_o north_n and_o w._n n._n w._n 3_o or_o 4_o league_n direction_n for_o sail_v from_o the_o buoy_z of_o the_o nower_n over_o the_o flat_n and_o through_o the_o narrow_a into_o the_o down_n from_o the_o buoy_z of_o the_o nower_n to_o the_o buoy_z of_o the_o oaze-edge_n the_o course_n be_v east_n one_o quarter_n northerly_a and_o west_n one_o quarter_n southerly_a distant_a about_o five_o mile_n betwixt_o the_o buoy_z of_o the_o oaze-edge_n and_o the_o buoy_z of_o the_o redsand_n lie_v a_o round_a shoal_n call_v the_o spile_v spile_v spile_v and_o bear_v south_n from_o the_o buoy_z of_o the_o oaze-edge_n on_o which_o shoal_n there_o be_v but_o six_o foot_n at_o low-water_n the_o buoy_z of_o the_o redsand_n bear_v from_o the_o buoy_z of_o the_o oaze-edge_n east_n half_a northerly_a and_o west_n half_a southerly_a four_o mile_n if_o the_o weather_n be_v clear_a you_o may_v have_v a_o direct_v long_a mark_n that_o will_v lead_v you_o down_o direct_o between_o the_o oaze-edge_n and_o the_o redsand_n viz._n you_o will_v see_v a_o round_a tree_n on_o the_o island_n grean_n buoys_n a_o mark_n to_o go_v between_o the_o buoys_n keep_v that_o tree_n in_o the_o valley_n between_o the_o little_a hill_n that_o be_v upon_o the_o highland_n next_o to_o the_o westermost_a end_n of_o the_o isle_n of_o grean_n and_o this_o mark_v so_o keep_v will_v lead_v you_o down_o the_o eastermost_a part_n of_o the_o redsand_n lie_v out_o with_o two_o tongue_n redsand_n redsand_n on_o the_o northermost_a of_o which_o be_v place_v the_o buoy_z the_o mark_n for_o the_o buoy_z of_o the_o redsand_n from_o the_o land_n be_v to_o bring_v the_o landsend_n of_o sheppy_n s._n w._n and_o st._n nicholas-wood_n in_o the_o gore_n open_a of_o the_o reculver_n southeast_n the_o channel_n go_v in_o betwixt_o the_o oaze-edge_n and_o the_o redsand_n the_o depth_n between_o they_o be_v 10_o and_o 11_o fathom_n from_o the_o buoy_z of_o the_o redsand_n to_o the_o buoys_n of_o the_o spell_n and_o woolpack_n the_o course_n be_v n._n w._n by_o west_n one_o quarter_n northerly_a and_o s._n e._n by_o south_n one_o quarter_n southerly_a over_o the_o flat_n where_o you_o will_v have_v at_o low-water_n on_o this_o course_n 10_o foot_n and_o in_o sum_n holes_n 15_o or_o 16_o foot_n water_n about_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o mile_n s._n e._n by_o south_n from_o the_o east_n end_n of_o the_o spaniard_n lie_v the_o gilman_n gilman_n gilman_n which_o fall_v dry_a at_o spring-tyde_n but_o if_o you_o keep_v the_o aforesaid_a course_n you_o will_v not_o come_v near_o it_o the_o buoy_z of_o the_o woolpack_n be_v the_o westermost_a buoy_z in_o the_o narrow_a woolpack_n woolpack_n on_o the_o north_n side_n of_o the_o channel_n and_o lie_v on_o the_o west_n spit_v of_o the_o woolpack-sand_n and_o bear_v from_o the_o reculvers-steeple_n north_n by_o west_n then_o have_v you_o two_o little_a hill_n like_o two_o pap_n on_o the_o upper_a land_n to_o the_o southwards_o just_o open_a and_o shut_v of_o the_o reculvers-steeple_n the_o buoy_z of_o the_o spell_n lie_v on_o the_o south_n side_n of_o the_o channel_n spell_n spell_n a_o little_a to_o the_o eastward_o of_o the_o buoy_z of_o the_o woolpack_n betwixt_o these_o buoys_n the_o channel_n be_v a_o cable_n length_n and_o a_o half_a broad_a and_o but_o nine_o foot_n deep_a at_o low-water_n the_o buoy_z of_o the_o searn_n be_v the_o eastermost_a buoy_z that_o lie_v on_o the_o north_n side_n of_o the_o channel_n searn_v searn_v the_o steeple_n of_o the_o reculver_n bear_v from_o the_o say_v buoy_z south_n by_o west_n then_o have_v you_o a_o windmill_n a_o little_a open_a of_o the_o channel_n of_o reculvers-church_n the_o course_n upward_o from_o this_o buoy_z through_o the_o narrow_a be_v w._n n._n w._n and_o downward_o it_o be_v e._n s._n e._n the_o long_a mark_n on_o the_o shore_n be_v to_o bring_v birchington-church_n right_a over_o a_o gaul_n or_o black_a hole_n in_o the_o western_a part_n of_o the_o cliff-end_n on_o the_o north_n side_n of_o a_o channel_n a_o little_a below_o the_o buoy_z of_o the_o searn_v margaret-sand_n hook_n of_o margaret-sand_n shoot_v out_o a_o shoal_n from_o margaret-sand_n s._n e._n call_v the_o hook_n it_o run_v so_o far_o to_o the_o southwards_o that_o it_o make_v the_o channel_n very_o narrow_a the_o thwart_a mark_n for_o this_o sand_n be_v to_o bring_v birchington-steeple_n into_o a_o great_a dauk_fw-mi or_o valley_n of_o a_o cliff_n than_o the_o steeple_n will_v bear_v from_o you_o southeast_n five_o degree_n southerly_a the_o long_a mark_n be_v to_o bring_v st._n peter_n church_n upon_o the_o west_n end_n of_o the_o cliff_n the_o long_a mark_n to_o carry_v you_o clear_a of_o the_o hook_n to_o the_o buoy_z of_o the_o searn_v be_v to_o bring_v st._n peters-steeple_n over_o the_o east_n side_n or_o cliff_n of_o westgate-bay_n you_o must_v keep_v they_o so_o till_o you_o bring_v birchington-steeple_n over_o the_o gaul_n when_o you_o take_v hold_v of_o that_o mark_v to_o go_v through_o a_o little_a above_o the_o hook_n on_o the_o south_n side_n of_o the_o channel_n a_o little_a below_o the_o