Selected quad for the lemma: land_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
land_n	degree_n	latitude_n	minute_n	5,380	5	11.8773	5	true

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A90519	An historical & geographical description of the great country & river of the Amazones in America. Drawn out of divers authors, and reduced into a better forme; with a mapp of the river, and of its provinces, being that place which Sr Walter Rawleigh intended to conquer and plant, when he made his voyage to Guiana. / Written in French by the Count of Pagan, and dedicated to Cardinall Mazarine, in order to a conquest by the Cardinals motion to be undertaken. And now translated into English by William Hamilton, and humbly offered to his Majesty, as worthy his consideration.	Pagan, Blaise François de, comte de Merveilles, 1604-1665.; Hamilton, William, gent.	1660 (1660)	Wing P162; Thomason E1805_2; ESTC R209931	71,773	189

the distance of the mountains of Pulcan and Guanama where the Sources of this great River are in a streight line unto Zaparara which is the Easterliest Cape at which he ends his course is but of six hundred fourty leagues of the same sort according to my Geographick Tables or Mappes and the methods of the eighth Book of my Geometricall Theorems But because this distance in a streight line appears to me to be yet too farre different from the foresaid length of one thousand two hundred seventy six leagues I could easily perswade my self that either the Southern longitude of America were greater or that the leagues of this Spanish Father Jesuit should be no other but Celtiberian-Spanish leagues or Biscay leagues like unto our French-sea-leagues the which amounting but to twenty for every degree of a great circle would give us seven hundred thirty two leagues in a right or streight line for the same distance between the Sources of the great River of the Amazones and the extremity of his mouth or upshutting CHAP. IX Of the Longitudes Latitudes and Measures observed in this great River IN the design we have to set down in this place and all along the distances and their latitudes which the Spaniards have observed an one thousand six hundred thirty nine alongst the River of the Amazones reported by D' Acogna aforesaid delegated by King Philip the fourth to this charge we have also resolved to adde the longitudes which we have adjusted as much as is possible from confusion and uncertainty and this as well for the curiosity of such as love Geography as for the help of these Authours that would make new Cartes of these places But going back to the end of the 7th Chapter we shall continue the course of this great River in this manner From the mouth of Napo which is on the South of the great Amazone to Anete are fourty seven leagues This place of Anete is yet under the line and on the South-side of the great River From Anete to the Agarico are eighteen leagues The mouth of this River is on the North-side of the Amazone and under the line also From the Agarico to Chevela twenty leagues The mouth of this River is also on the North of Amazone and begins to decline a little from the line towards the South From the Chevelu to the Curaray fourty leagues The mouth of this River is on the South of the Amazone and under the second degree of Southern latitude From the Curaray to the Maragnon eighty leagues The mouth of this River is on the South of the Amazone having four degrees of Southern latitude and three hundred seven degrees and fifty minutes of longitude From the Maragnon to the beginning of the Province of Homague sixty leagues All this Province consists in great Ilands From the foresaid beginning of Homague to a certain great habitation of the same one hundred and nineteen leagues This place is in an I le on the South-side of the body of Amazone having three degrees of Southern latitude and three hundred twelve degrees and fifty five minutes of longitude From this Habitation to the Putumaya seventeen leagues The mouth of this River is on the North-side of the great Amazone From the Putumaya to Lyetau fifty leagues The mouth of this River is on the South-side of Amazone and hath three degrees thirty minutes of Southern latitude From Lyetau to the end of the Province of Homague fourteen leagues In this place there is a great and puissant Habitation in an I le From the end of Homague to the Amarumaya twenty five leagues The mouth of this River is on the South-side of Amazone having five degrees of Southern latitude and three hundred fifteen degrees and fifty minutes of longitude From the Amarumaya to the Village of the gold twenty eight leagues This place is on the South-bank of the Channell of the great Amazone From the Village of the gold to the Yopura fourteen leagues The mouth of this River is on the North-side of Amazone and hath three degrees of Southern latitude From the Yopura to Tapy four leagues The mouth of this River is on the South-side of Amazone From the Tapy to the Catua twenty five leagues The mouth of this River is on the South side of Amazone and towards the Green Lake formed into that condition by the great Amazone From the Catua and the Green Lake to the first mouth of the Araganatuba six leagues This is on the North-side of the Amazone From the fist mouth to the second of the Araganatuba sixteen leagues on the North-side of Amazone also From the second mouth of the Araganatuba to the end of the Province of Corosirare twenty two leagues All this Province is on the South of the great River From the end of Corosirare to the beginning of the Province of Yoriman two leagues On the South-side of Amazone From the beginning of Yoriman to a great and very long Habitation twenty three leagues on the South of the River to four degrees of that latitude and three hundred nineteen degrees and thirty minutes of longitude From this long Habitation to the I le Yoriman thirty two leagues on the South-bank side of the Amazone From this I le to the end of the Province of Yoriman ten leagues On the South-side of the Amazone From the end of Yoriman to the Cusiguare two leagues The mouth of this River is also on the South of the Amazone From the Cusiguare to the Basurure thirty two leagues The mouth of this River is on the North-side of the Amazone and hath four degrees thirty minutes of Southern latitude From the Basurure to the Rio-negro or Black River thirty leagues The mouth of this River is also on the North-side of the Amazone having four degrees of Southern latitude and three hundred twenty two degrees and twenty minutes of longitude And thus the course of the great River of the Amazones into Rio-negro or the Black River is of seven hundred eighty eight leagues according to the preceding Measures CHAP. X. The rest of the Longitudes Latitudes and Measures observed unto the Atlantique Sea FOllowing the same design of the Chapter preceding wherein we made stay till we came to the mouth of Rio-negro where he enters into the great River of the Amazones we shall in this Chapter make an end thereof pursuing the Amazones course into the great Ocean its self From Rio-negro then unto the Madera are four leagues the mouth of this River being on the South of the Amazone From the Madera to the beginning of the I le of Topinamba twenty eight leagues This great I le is in the River of the Amazones towards the South-side From the beginning to the end of this I le sixty two leagues In this place is a great and puissant Habitation of the Topinambians having three degrees of Southern latitude and three hundred twenty seven degrees thirty minutes of longitude From the end of Topinamba to the Coruris

thirty leagues the mouth of which River is to the North of the Amazone From the Coruris to the Bosphore of the Amazone twenty four leagues This strange narrownesse hath two degrees and fourty minutes of Southern latitude and three hundred twenty eight degrees and fifty minutes in longitude From the Bosphore to the Tapayse fourty leagues the mouth of which River is on the South of the great Amazone From the Tapayse to the Coropatube fourty leagues the mouth of which River is on the North-side of the great Amazone From the Coropatube to the Fort of the Destierro fifty four leagues which Forteresse is also on the North-side of the great River From the foresaid Fort to the Ginipape six leagues the mouth of which River is on the North-side also having two degrees of Southern latitude and three hundred thirty one degrees and fifty minutes of longitude And about two leagues under this Ginipape towards the Sea the great River of the Amazones begins to open himself by little and little towards his great Mouth or place of discharge into the Sea From the Ginipape to the Paranaybe ten leagues the mouth of which River is on the South side of the Amazone From the Paranaybe to the Pacache fourty leagues the mouth of which is also on the South of the Amazone From the Pacache to Commuta fourty leagues This place is also on the South-side of the Amazone From Commuta to Para thirty leagues This Town is also on the South-banke of the great mouth of the Amazone having one degree and thirty minutes of South latitude From Para to the I le of the Sun fourteen leagues This I le is also near to the same South-banke And from Para to Zaparara fourty leagues which is a Cape on the extremity of the South-banke of the great River having thirty five minutes of South latitude and three hundred thirty seven degrees and ten minutes of longitude And so the course of the great River of the Amazones is from Rio-negro to Zaparara of four hundred eighty eight leagues and his whole length is one thousand two hundred seventy six leagues as have been set down in the preceeding Chapters Yet to describe his North-banke of his great Mouth also somewhat more we shall thus set it down From the Ginipape to Corupa thirty leagues this place being on the North-side of the River From Corupa to the Cape of the North the distance is not well known and this Cape is on the extremity of the North-banke of the great River having fourty five minutes of North latitude and three hundred thirty three degrees and fifty minutes of longitude CHAP. XI Of the bredth and of the Iles of this great River IF the great Amazone is wonderfull for its length it is no lesse admirable for its bredth and its Ilands The one is alwaies of two three or four leagues broad but never so little as of one only the others are innumerable and so great that their compasse is of five or of ten and sometimes of twenty yea and more than of an hundred leagues sometimes as is that of the Topinambes There is a great number also of very little ones in which the Natives make their Burial-places having their Dwellings in the others that are greater But the greater part of these Iles and sometimes the greatest of them are in part at least drowned and overflowed every year by the inundations of that River but so fatned thereafter with the mud that he scatters over them behind him that they are thereby exceeding fertile yielding every year without any intermissions of rest their ordinary crops which are of Maze Yoca and Mandioca which yeeld the common food for all America where it is in great abundance all along the great River of the Amazone But to help the inconveniences of overflowing they make under-ground Cellers Granaries or Caves well cover'd where they keep their Maze which is their wheat without impairement and the Yoca which is a root whereof they make their Casabe which is the ordinary and lesse finish bread of all Brasile and of all that New-world Returning then to the wonders of the large Channell of this great River of the Amazones we shall end this Chapter in telling you that he keeps alwaies about the same bredth that we have before set down untill by an enlarging him-self and opening into eighty four Spanish leagues of bredth he comes to lose his name and waters in the great Atlantique Ocean between the two Capes of the North and of Zaparara this being in Brasile and the other in Guiana Provinces of America CHAP. XII Of its Depth and Navigation SEeing the great and wonderfull Channell of the renowned River of the Amazones as a certain long and vast Sea of sweet waters receives so many great broad and deep Rivers we must not think it strange if the depth of his bed equall oftentimes the Abysses of the Ocean its self This is for the most part from his beginning unto Rio-negro of eight twelve and of twenty fathomes and from Rio-negro downwards to the Ocean of thirty fourty and sometimes without ground and unfathomable according to the relations of all that have observed it But this marvellous advantage his depth hath beyond others singular that for the most part they are alike along the bankes and sides as they are in the midst of this large Channell of the great Amazone whence it follows that his Navigablenesse and the fitnesse for commerce of this great River is open and sufficient enough for the greatest Navies of the greatest number of the greatest burthen which may not only sail up all along him to his first rise in order of Battell and ready for fight but also put to Land easily and apply to the shore without any fear of rocks or sands And Providence having purposed every way to render all these wonders yet more considerable hath led the waters of this famous River alwaies from West to East and near unto the Aequator to the end that as Navale Armies might easily come down from his very source to his mouth carryed by the sweet force and strength of his current and streame so they might also as easily go up from his mouth and first entrance unto his very source against the stream of his deep waters by a favourable and continual winde which blows there in a good gale perpetually and without ceasing from East to West either all the day long or at lest three or four hours of it together because of the Diurnall motion either of the Earth or of the first moveable Heaven or Orbe so that on the North-sea from the Canary Ilands to those of the Canibal's and on the South-sea from New-Spain unto the Philippine Iles as also all along the coast of Paria and Guiana as one goes from the North-cape to the Cape of Sailes the same East-wind is alwaies found to be on wing and in his reign without ceasing But as in those other parts

Parallaxes in the Eclipses of the Sun and of the Phenombres in the Eclipse of the Moon which hinder the taking exactly of the time of her immersion and emersion under and out of the shadow of the Earth But to let it be seen that I am not the only man that take to my self this licence to suspect and give little trust to the exactness of these Observations so as thereby definitively to regulate Longitudes with neglect of itinerary distances which being well managed often supply in some sort the others too great incertitude I shall here set down the examples which John Kepler that famous Astronomer thought good himself to set down at the end of the Catalogue of the Towns of the Rodolphine Tables that he might show the varieties of the difference of Longitudes found out by diverse Observations of the same Eclipses between the Meridians of Rome and Norimberg as followeth Regiomontanus makes it of thirty six minutes of an hour or of nine degrees of the equator and with him many more Stafler and Verner of eighteen minutes of an hour or of font degrees and an half Shoner Mercator and Hondius regulate it to twelve minutes of an hour or to three degrees And leaving others Kepler himself hath reduced it to four minutes of an hour or to one degree only So that the varieties of the difference of these two Meridians in so little a distance as they stand in coming to eight whole degrees with how much more reason may we doubt of the true Longitude of the West-coasts of the South and North America Now these diversities are no less frequent every where else as may be verified by the difference of the Meridians of the same Rome and of Toledo in Spain set down in Authors of Astronomy and Geography For Kepler the last and painfullest of all reduces it to sixteen degrees and according to others it amounts often to thirty Which notwithstanding we have made an essay to remedy as much as the matter doth permit in our Geographicall Tables by more exact cares and researches than those of this curious Author Kepler himself which being not yet Printed yet Monsieur Morin the Kings professor of the Mathematicks hath not thought ill to draw out of them that which he hath set at the beginning of his Abridgement of the Rodolphine Tables as preferable to any other Catalogue of Towns that he could then meet with to serve his purpose After these Reasons brought I would now willingly consent that the Longitude of the West-coast of America were made shorter by ten degrees at least that the difference of the Longitudes of the Town of Kito and of the Point of Zaparara were made of fourty seven degrees and so the distance from the one to the other in a straight Line of nine hundred fourty Geometricall Leagues And this would agree better and not be so far different from the total number of measures observed in the navigation of the great River of the Amazones as is to be seen in the eighth Chapter of this Book through all which that we might change nothing out of our own opinion we have set down the Longitudes according to the ordinary and recentest Carts of South America But surely it ought to be made broader by Geographers that shall go over it again to find place there for all that we faithfully relate unto them in this work that so the great Amazone and so many other Rivers that run unto him and Provinces that are discovered upon them may commodiously be lodged and in their own naturall extent In which case the East-coast of this same America to the turn of the Cape of St. Augustine should be kept in the same degrees and minutes of its longitude and all the rest from thence towards the West augmented unto ten degrees and compassed in the just and fitting Geometricall proportions as well in regard to Meridians as to the Longitudes And the same ampliation being made over North America you will find his East-coast drawn back by four or five degrees conformably to the assurances that the first English gave that sail'd to Virginia and to the report of John Laet in his third Book of America Whereunto I offer my self willingly to contribute my cares and studies in favours of such as will undertake it making use and serving my self in all these Geographicall procedures with the precepts of the true and new doctrine of the eighth Book of my Geometricall Theorems Printed 1654 as well for the Longitudes as itenerary distances which I there shew that they ought alwayes to be in great Circles and not in parallells reduced to certain proportions Which last is a Rule altogether contrary to the truths of Geometry however Mathematicians and Geographers that preceeded the impression of that Book have generally taught the Maxime of it without adverting or considering so notable an errour That the shortest distance from one point to another on the Globe of the Earth is alwayes described or led by a great Circle c. See the eighth Book of my foresaid Theorems A second Advertisement to Geographers about the restitution of Longitudes BUt to get a perfecter knowledge as well of the Longitudes that fit America as those that concern the East Indies we have resolved to set down here a method to find them easily by the motion of the Moon upon firm land in this manner 1. Draw on a right horizontall Plain that is very smooth and white a very exact meridian Line and with the same exactness observe the height of the Pole by a quadrant that can mark minutes and if possible half minutes as it is easie now to get such an one by the new inventions of dividing the Alhidades of it 2. On the night of the full Moon take the horizontall height of a fixt Star untill the shadow of a Plummet hung made by the Moon shall be just upon the Meridian but with this caution that the height of the Star observed be at least of thirty degrees to avoid refractions and that the same Stars distance from the Meridian be reasonable enough for a greater exactness 3. Seek the true distance of the foresaid Star from the Meridian of your Hemisphere by this Rule As the Rectangle contained in the Sinuses of the complement of the elevation of the Pole and of the complement of the declination of the Star is to the quadrat-side of the whole Sinuse so the Rectangle contained in the Sinuses of the summe or totall and of the difference of the half of the complement of the observed height of the Star and of the half of the difference of the complement of the declination of the Star and of the complement of the elevation of the Pole is unto the quadrat-side of the Sinuse of the half of the true distance of the Star from the Meridian But if the declination and right ascension of the Star which you make use of for this astronomicall Observation be not set down