Selected quad for the lemma: land_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
land_n	degree_n	latitude_n	minute_n	5,380	5	11.8773	5	true

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A44885	A learned treatise of globes, both cœlestiall and terrestriall with their several uses / written first in Latine, by Mr. Robert Hues, and by him so published ; afterward illustrated with notes by Jo. Isa. Pontanus ; and now lastly made English ... by John Chilmead ...; Tractatus de globis et eorum usu. English	Hues, Robert, 1553-1632.; Chilmead, Edmund, 1610-1654.; Pontanus, Johannes Isacius, 1571-1639.; Molyneux, Emery.	1659 (1659)	Wing H3298; ESTC R1097	145,949	311

it Neither shall we come at all thither whither the fore part of our ship looketh but shall keep such a course wherein we shall have ever and 〈◊〉 a new Meridian arising which we shall cross at equall Angles so necessarily describe a Parallel But if our voyage be to be made under the Rumbe which inclineth to the Meridian our course will then be neither in a greater nor lesser Circle but we shall describe a kind of crooked spirall Line For if you draw any greater Circle through the Vertex of any place inclining to the Meridian the same Circle will cross the next Meridian at a greater Angle then it did the former by the sixth proposition And therefore it cannot make my Rumbe because the same Rumbe cut●…h all Meridians at equall Angles by the fourth proposition And all the Parallels ●…r lesser Circles do cross the Meridians 〈◊〉 right Angles by the Corollary of the first proposition and therefore they do not incline to the Meridian Concerning those lines which are made in Sea voyages by the direction of the Compasse and Magneticall Needle Gemma Frisius in his appendix to the fifteen Chapter of Appians Cosmography part first speaks thus Verbum hoc obi●…er annotandum c. And saith he I think it not amiss to note this by the way that the voyages on land do differ very much from those that are performed at Sea For those are understood to be performed by the greater circles of the Sphaere as it is rightly demonstrated by Wernerus in his Commenearies upon Ptolomy But the voyages by Sea are for the most part crooked because they are seldome taken in a great circle but sometimes under one of the Parallels when the Ship steers her course toward East or West and somtime also in a greater circle as when it saileth from North to South or contrariwise or else under the AEquator either direct East or West But in all other kinds of Navigation the journeys are Crooked although guided by the Magnet and are neither like to greater circles nor yet to Parallels nor indeed are circles at all but only a kind of crooked lines all of them at length concurring in one of the Poles Thus he and indeed very rightly in all the rest save onely that he wil have these lines to meet in the Pole which as we have already proved is altogether repugnant to the nature of Rumbes Hitherto have we spoken of the original and nature of Rumbes let us now see what use there is of them in the Terrestriall Globe Of the use if Rumbes in the Terrestriall Globe IN the Art of Navigation which teacheth the way and manner how a Ship is to be directed in sailing from one place to another there are four things especially to be considered And these are the Longitudes of the places the Latitudes or differences of the same Rumbe and the space or distance betwixt any two places measured according to the practise used in Sea-voyages For the distances of the places are measured by the Geographer one way and by the Mariner another For the former measureth the distances of places always by greater circles as after Wernerus Peucerus hath also demonstrated in his book De Dimensione Terrae But the Mariners course being made up somtimes of portions of greater circles and somtimes of lesser but for the most part of crooked lines it is good reason that he should measure the distances also of places by the same Which and how many of these are to be known before hand that the rest may be found out come in the next place to be considered Now the places betwixt which our voyage is to be performed do differ either in Longitude only or in Latitude only or in both If they differ only in Latitude they are both under the same Meridian and therefore it is the North or South Rumbe that the course is to be directed by And there only then remaineth to know the difference of Latitude and distance betwixt these two places One of which being known the other is easily found out For if the difference of Latitude be given in degrees and minutes as Sea-men are wont to do the number of degrees and minutes being multiplyed by 60. which is the number of English miles that we commonly allow to a degree and that according to Ptolomies opinion as we have already demonstrated the whole number of miles made in the voyage betwixt these places will appear And if you multiply the same number of degrees by seventeen and a halfe you have the same distance in Spanish leagues And so contrariwise if the distance in miles or leagues be known and you divide the same by 60 or seventeen and an half the quotient will shew the number of degrees and minutes that answer to the difference of Latitude betwixt the two places assigned As for example If a man were to sail from the Lizard which is the outmost point of land in Corn-wall Southward till he come to the promontory of Spain which is called C. Ortegall the difference of Latitude of which places is 60 gr 10. min. If you desire to know the distance of miles betwixt these places multiply six gr ten m. by 60. and the product will be 370. the number of English miles betwixt the two places assigned And this account may be much more truly and readily made by our English miles in as much as 60. of them are equivalent to a degree so that one mile answereth to one minute by which means all tedious and prolix computation by fractions is avoyded In the next place let us consider those places that differ only in Longitude which if they lye directly under the AEquinoctiall the distance betwixt them being known the difference of Longitude will also be found or contrariwise by multiplication or division in like manner as the difference of Latitude is found But if they be situate without the AEquator wee must then go another way to work For seeing that the Parallels are all of them lesse then the AEquator all of them decreasing in quantity proportionably till you come to the Pole where they are least of all hence it coms to pass that there can be no one certain determinate measure assigned to all the Paralells And therefore the common sort of Mariners do greatly erre in attributing to each degree of every Parallel and equall measure with a degree of the AEquator By which means there have been very many errors committed in Navigation and many whole Countries also removed out of their own proper situation and translated into the places of others That therefore there might be provision made in this behalfe for those that are not so well acquainted with the Mathematicks I have added a Table which sheweth what proportion a degree in every Parallel beareth to a degree in the AEquator whence the proper measure of every Parallel may be found In which Table the first Collume proposeth the severall Parallels each

reach to the 30 gr and be called the AEgyptian The fourth the Syrian ending at the 40. gr The fifth the Italian to the 50. gr The 6. the English or Germane extending to the 60. gr The seventh the Suecian or Lapland Climate reaching to the 70. gr The eighth the Frozen Climate ending at the 80. gr And the Ninth and last the Polar Climate reaching to the Pole it selfe So likewise the same Method might bee observed on the othes side of the AEquinoctiall and then by this meanes each Hemisphaere should have nine Climates whereof seven would be convenient for habitation and the Parallels might passe through every fifth degree And the situation of any place might be known by the number of degrees of the Poles elevation So Rome because it hath above 40. gr of latitude is in the fourth Westphalia in the fifth Sicily in the third Calecur the chiefe City in India in the second Zeilan in the first and so of the rest CHAP. I. How to find the Longitude Latitude Distance and Angle of Position or situation of any place expressed in the Terrestriall Globe THe Ancient Geographers from Ptolomies time downward reckon the longitude of places from the Meridian which passeth through the Fortunate Islands which are the same that are now called the Canary Islands as the most men do generally believe but how ●…ightly I will not here stand to examine I shall ●…nely here advertise the reader by the way that the latitude assigned by Ptolomy to the Fortunate Islands falleth something of the widest of the Canary Islands and agreeth a great deal nearer with the Latitude of those islands which are known by the name of Cabo Verde For Ptolomy placed all the Fortunate Islands within the 10 gr 30. m. and the 16. gr of Northern latitude But the Canary Islands are found to bee distant from the AEquator at the least 27 degrees The Arabians began to reckon their Longitude at that place where the Atlantick Ocean driveth farthest into the maine land which place is tenn degrees distant Eastward from the Fortunate Islands as Jacobus Christmannus hath observed out of Abilfedea Our Modern Geographers for the most part beginn to reckon the Longitude of places from these Canary Islands yet some beginn at those Islands which they call Azores and from these bounds are the Longitude of places to be reckoned in these Globes whereof we speake Now the Longitude of any place is defined to be an Arch or portion of the AEquator intercepted betwixt the Meridian of any place assigned and the Meridian that passeth through Saint Michales Island which is one of the Azores or of any other place from whence the Longitude of places is wont to bee determined Now if you desire to know the Longitude of any place expressed in the Globe you must apply the same place to the Meridian and observe at what place the Meridian cutteth the AEquator reckon the degree of the AEquator from the Meridian of Saint Michaels Island to that place for so many are the degrees of longitude of the place you look for In the same manner may you measure the distance of longitude betwixt any other two places that are described in the Globe For the difference of Longitude is nothing else but an Arch of the AEquator intercepted betwixt the Meridian of the same places Which difference of Longitude many have endeavoured to set down diverss wayes how to find by observation But the most certain way of all for this purpose is confessed by all learned Writers to be by the Eclipses of the Moon But now these Eclipses happen but seldom but are more seldom seen yet most seldome and in very few places observed by the skilfull Artists in this Science So that there are but few Longitudes of places designed out by this meanes Oro●…us Fin●…us and Johannes Wernerus before him conceived that the difference of Longitude might be assigned by the known as they presuppose it motion of the Moon and the passing of the same through the Meridian of any place But this is an uncertaine and ticklish way and subject to many difficulties Others have gon other wayes to work as namely by observing the space of the AEquinoctiall hours betwixt the Meridians of two places which they conceive may be taken by the help of Sun Dials or Clocks or Houre-glasses either with water or sand or the like But all these conceits long since de●…ed having been more strictly and accurately examined have been disallowed and rejected by all learned men at least those of riper judgments as being altogether unable to performe that which is required of them But yet for all this there are a kind of trifling Impostors that make publick sale of these toyes or worse and that with great ostentation and boasting to the great abuse and expense of som men of good note and quality who are perhaps better stored with money then either learning or judgment But I shall not stand here to discover the errours and uncertainties of these instruments Only I admonish these men by the way that they beware of these fellows least when their noses are wiped as we say of their money they too Iate repent them of their ill-bought bargaines Away with all such trisling cheating rascals PONT If you would know how to find out the longitude of any place by the Eclipse of the Moon you must first goe to some Ephemerides as the 〈◊〉 Tables or of any other learned Mathematicians calculation and see what hour such an Eclipse of the Moon shall happen at that place for which the said Tables or Ephemerides were made Then afterward you must observe the same Eclipse in that place whose longitude you desire to know Now if the time of the Eclipse agree with that other for which the Tables were made then you may conclude that both places have the same latitude and are situate under the same Meridian But is the number of the hours be more then the place you are in is suuate more Eastward you must therefore substract the less number out of the greater and the remainder must be converted into degrees and minutes multiplying the hours by fifteen and deviding the minutes of hours if there be any by foure for so will the number of degrees arise and if there remain any minutes after the division they must bee multiplyed again by fifteen and so will the number of the minutes of degrees arise by which these places are distant from each other which distance is called the difference of longitude This difference must bee added to the Longitude of that place for which the Tables were calculated if the other place be more Eastward otherwise if it bee more Westward it is to bee substracted from the longitude of the other An example herof is thus proposed by Adrianus Metius in his Doctrina Sphaerica I find saith hee out of the Prutenick Tables by exact calculation that there will be an Eclipse of the Moon in the