Selected quad for the lemma: land_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
land_n	degree_n	latitude_n	minute_n	5,380	5	11.8773	5	true

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A33345	A true and faithful account of the four chiefest plantations of the English in America to wit, of Virginia, New-England, Bermudus, Barbados : with the temperature of the air, the nature of the soil, the rivers, mountains, beasts, fowls, birds, fishes, trees, plants, fruits, &c. : as also, of the natives of Virginia, and New-England, their religion, customs, fishing, hunting, &c. / collected by Samuel Clarke ...	Clarke, Samuel, 1599-1682.	1670 (1670)	Wing C4558; ESTC R17743	124,649	128

A True and Faithful ACCOUNT OF THE FOUR CHIEFEST PLANTATIONS OF THE English in America TO WIT Of VIRGINIA NEW-ENGLAND BERMVDVS BARBADOS With the temperature of the Air The nature of the Soil The Rivers Mountains Beasts Fowls Birds Fishes Trees Plants Fruits c. AS ALSO Of the Natives of Virginia and New-England their Religion Customs Fishing Huntings c. COLLECTED By Samuel Clarke sometimes Pastor in Saint Bennet-Fink London LONDON Printed for Robert Clavel Thomas Passenger William Cadman William Whitwood Thomas Sawbridge and William Birch 1670. THE DESCRIPTION OF VIRGINIA AND THE PLANTATION OF THE ENGLISH The temperature of the Air the nature of the Soile the Rivers Mountains Beasts Fowls Birds Fishes Trees Plants Fruits c. As also of the Natives their Religion Customs Fishings Huntings Treachery c. ANNO Christi 1584. Sr. Walter Rawleigh obtained of Queen Elizabeth of glorious memory a Patent for discovering and Peopling of unknown Countries not actually possessed by any Christian Prince Dated March 25. and in the 26th year of her Reign In prosecution whereof April 27th he set forth two Barks under the Command of Mr. Philip Amadas and Mr. Arther Barlow which arrived on that part of America which that Virgin Queen named Virginia and thereof in her Majesties name there took possession July 13. And having taken a view of and liking the Country and having had conference and some trading with the Savages observing about fourteen sorts of sweet smelling timber Trees and many other commodities bringing with them two of the Savages they returned home in September following Anno Christi 1585. Sr. Richard Greenvile was sent by Sr. Walter Rawleigh with a Fleet of seven Sail which Landed in the Isle of St. John de Porto Rico. May 12. and there fortified themselves and built a Pinace The Spaniards promised to furnish them with Victuals but did not whereupon they took two Spanish Frigots In Hispaniola they had friendly greetings and some trade with the Spaniards from whence they came to an Anchor at Wokocon whereby the unskilfullness of the Master their Admiral strook on ground and sunk July 25. They returned for England and by the way they took a Spanish Ship of Three hundred Tun richly laden In Virginia they left a Colony under the Goverment of Mr. Ralph Lane and others besides an hundred men The Governour wrote from his new Fort in Virginia that if they had Kine and Horses in a reasonable proportion no Country in Christendom was to be compared to it They discovered from Roanoack to the Chesipians above one hundred and thirty miles and to Chawanock North-West as far In the beginning of June 1586. the Natives conspired against the English for which the chiefest of them lost his head and Sr. Francis Drake coming thither after he had Sacked diverse of the Spanish Towns took the Colony with 〈◊〉 his Victorious Fleet and brought them into England The same year Sr. Walter Rawleigh 〈◊〉 sent a Ship of an hundred Tun with Provisions for the Colony which arrived at Hatorask presently after they were come away wherefore having sought them in vain she returned with her provisions 〈◊〉 England About a fortnight after her departure Sr. Kichard Greenvile General of Virginia with three Ships arrived there and neither hearing of the Ship nor the Colony which he had left there the year before after long search in vain he left fifteen men to keep possession of the Country in the Isle of Roanoack furnished for two years and so returned by the way spoiling some Towns of the Azores and taking diverse Spaniards Anno Christi 1587. Sr. Walter Rawleigh notwithstanding former discouragements sent another Colony of One hundred and fifty Persons under the Government of Mr. John White with twelve Assistants to which he gave a Charter and incorporated them by the name of Governors and Assistance of the City of Rawleigh in Virginia These arrived July 22. at Hatorask where they went ashore to seek the fifteen men left there the year before intending to plant at Chesopiok But they were informed by a Native called Manteo that the Savages had secretly slain some of them and the other were fled they knew not whither This Manteo was afterwards Baptized and by Sr. Walter Rawleigh was made Lieutenant of Roanock Here also Mrs. Dare the Governours Daughter was delivered of a Daughter that was Baptized by the name of Virginia Aug. the 27. they departed and returned into England The Commodities that are in Virginia Oak of an excellent grain straight tall and long Elme Beech Birch very tall and great of whose Bark the Natives make their Canows Nut-Hasil Hasil Alder Cherry-Tree Maple Eive Spruce Aspe Fir in great abundance and many other Fruits Trees which the English knew not From the Firrs issues much Turpentine and Tar and Pitch Eagles Hearn Shaws Cranes large Ducks and Mallard Geese Swans Wigeon Sharks Crows Ravens Kites Sea-Mews Pidgeons Turtle-Doves Turkies and many other Fowles and Birds unknown Hawks of diverse kinds Deer Red and Follow Bears Wolves Beavers Otters Hares Conies Martens Sables Hogs Porcupins Polecats Cats wild and great Dogs whereof some like Foxes Elks and some Lyons Squirrils of three sorts some flying Squirils Hares c. Whales Porpoises Seales Cod very large Haddocks Herring Plaise Thornback Rack-Fish Lobsters Crabs Mussels Wilks Cony-Fish Lump-Fish Whitings Salmonds in great plenty Tobacco Vines Strawberries Rasberries Goosberries Hartleberries Corants Roses Pease Angellica Ground-nuts The Wood that is most common is Oak and Walnut many of their Oak are so tall and strait that they will bear Thirty inches square of good Timber for Twenty yards long there are two or three several kinds of them There are also two or three kinds of Walnuts there are Cyprus Trees some of which are neer three fathom about the Root very strait and fifty sixty yea eighty foot without a branch There are also some Mulberry Trees and Chesnut Trees whose fruit equalizeth the best in France or Italy they have Plums of three sorts Cherries Vines Gassafras Trees Virginia lies in the Latitude of 43. Degrees and 20. Minutes North. Anno Christ 1606. King James of happy memory granted a Pattent to sundry Persons to Plant along the Coast of Virginia where they pleased between 34. Degrees and 45. of Northerly Latitude in the main Land and the Islands thereunto adjoyning within a hundred miles of the Coast thereof In pursuance whereof there were some Ships sent the same year to begin a Plantation in the more Southerly part of Virginia Virginia is a Country in America that lies between the Degrees of 34. and 44. of North Latitude On the East it s bounded with the grear Ocean On the South with Florida On the North with Nova Francia But for the West the limits are unknown The Plantation which was begun in the year 1606. was under the Degree of 37. 38. and 39. where the tempreture of the air after they were well seasoned agreed

in case they should at any time by foul Weather be driven to or cast upon on this Island that so they might there find fresh meat to serve them upon such an exigence And the Fruits and Roots that grew there afforeded them so great plenty of food that now they were multiplied abundantly In so much as the Indians of the Leeward Islands that were within sight coming thither in their Canoos and finding such Game to hunt as these Hoggs were whose flesh was so sweet and excellent in tast they came often thither a hunting staying sometimes a moneth together before they returned home leaving behind them certain tokens of their being there which were Pots of several sizes made of Clay so finely tempered and turned with such Art as the like to them for fineness of Mettle and curiosity of turning are not made in England in which they boiled their meat This discovery being made and advice thereof sent to their friends in England other ships were sent with Men Provisions and Working Tools to cut down the Woods and clear the Ground wherein to plant Provisions for their sustentation till then finding Food but straglingly in the Woods But when they had cleared some quantity of Land they Planted Potato's Plantines and Maies or Indian Wheat with some other Fruits which together with the Hoggs which they found there served only to keep life and soul together And their supplies from England coming so slow and so uncertainly they were oft driven to great extremities And the Tobacco that grew there was so earthy and worthless as that it gave them little or no return from England or other places so that for a while they lingered in a doubtful condition For the Woods were so thick and most of the Trees so large and massy as that they were not to be faln by so few hands And when they were laid along the Boughs were so thick and and unweldy as required more help of strong and active men to lop and remove them off the ground which continued so for many years in somuch as they Planted Potato's Maies and Bonavists between the Boughs as the Trees lay on the ground Yet not long after they planted Indigo and ordered it so well as that it sold in London at very good Rates And their Cotten Woll and Fustick Wood proved very good and staple Commodities So that having these four sorts of commodities to traffique with all Some Ships were invited in hope of gain by that Trade to come and visit them bringing for exchange such Commodities as they wanted to wit Working-Tools Iron Steel Clothes Shirts Drawers Hose and Shooes Hats and more Hands So that beginning to find good by this Trade they set themselves hard to work and lived in much better condition But when their Sugar-Canes had been planted three or four years they found that to be the principal Plant whereby to raise the value of the whole Island and therefore bent all their endeavours to improve their knowledge and skill in Planting them and making Sugar Which knowledg though they studied hard was long in Learning This Island which we call Barbado's lies in thirteen Degrees and about thirty Minutes of Northern Latitude The usual Bay into which Ships put is Carlile Bay which without exception is the best in the Island and is somewhat more than a League over and from the Points of the Land to the bottom of the Bay is twice as much Upon the innermost part of this Bay stands a Town called the Bridge for that a long Bridge was at first made over a little Nook of the Sea which yet indeed is rather a Bogg than a Sea This Town is ill scituated the Planters looking more after conveniencie than health But one house being erected another was set up by it for Neighbourhood and than a third and a fourth till at last it became a Town Divers storehouses were also built there wherein to stow their goods being so neer and convenient for the Harbour But their great oversight was to build a Town in so unhealthfull a place For the ground being somewhat lower within the Land than the Sea banks are the Spring-Tides flow over and so remain there making much of that flat a kind of Bog or Marish which sends out so loathsome a Savour as cannot but breed ill blood and probably is the occasion of much sickness to those that live there The ground on either side this Bay but chiefly that to the Eastward is much firmer and lies higher and therefore with some charge may be made as convenient as the Bridge and much more healthfnl Three more Bayes there be of note in this Island One to the Eastward of this which they call Austins Bay The other are to the West of Carlile-Bay The first whereof is called Mackfields Bay the other Spikes Bay but neither of these three are environed with Land as Carlile Bay is but being to the Leeward of the Island and of good Anchorage they seldome are in danger unless in the time of the Turnado when the Winds turn about to the South And then if they be not well moved the Ships are subject to fall foul one upon another and sometimes are driven a ground For the Leeward part of the Island being rather shelvy than Rocky they are seldom or never cast away The leng the hot Island is twenty eight miles and the breadth in some places seventeen miles in others twelve so that they make about three hundred nitety two square miles in the whole Island It rises highest in the middle so that when you come within sight of this happy Island the nearer you come the more beautiful it appears to the Eye For being in it self exceeding beautiful it 's best discerned and best judged of when your eyes become full Mistris of the Object There you may see the high large and lofty Trees with their spreading branches and flourishing tops which seem to be beholding to the Earth and Roots that gave them such plenty of sap for their Nourishment which makes them grow to that perfection of beauty and largeness Whil'st they by way of gratitude return their cool shade to secure and shelter the Earth from the Suns heat which otherwise would scorch and dry it up So that Bounty and Goodness in the one and Gratefulness in the other serve to make up this Beauty which alwayes would lie empty and waste By the Commodity of the Scituation of this Island which is highest in the midst the Inhabitants within have these advantages First a free prospect into the Sea then a reception of a opure and refreshing air and Breezes that come from thence The Plantations overlooking one another so as the more in most parts are not debarred nor restrained of their liberties of the view to the Sea by those that dwell between them and it Whil'st the Sun is in the Aequinoctial or within ten degrees of

Country he found great store of Beasts as big as Kine of which they killed two and found them to be good and wholesom meat and yet easie to be killed being but heavy and slow Creatures He found also a Mine and a strange kind of Earth which the Indian used for Physick and it cures the pain of the Belly He found also a Water issuing out of the Earth which tasted like Allom water it was good and wholsom He found an Earth like a Gum white and clear and another red like Terra Sigillata an other white and so light that being cast into water it swims Their Dear have usually three or four Fawns at a time none under two and our English Goates in Virginia oft times bring forth three and mostly two young ones so fruitful is the Country they have Beavers Otters Foxes Racoons as good meat as a Lamb Hares wild Catts with rich Furrs Musk-Rats c. wild Pidgeons in Winter numberless the flocks of them will be three or four hours together flying over so thick that they obscure the very Light Turkies far bigger than ours that will run as fast as a Gray-hound Buzzards Snites Partridges Owles Swans Geese Brants Droeis Shell-Drakes Teal Widgeon Curlews Puits Black-birds Hedg-Sparrows Oxeies Wood-peckers and in Winter flocks of Parakitoes Their Rivers are plentifully stored with Fish as Sturgeon Porpass Base Carp Shad Herring Eele Cat-Fish Pearch Trout Flat-Fish Sheeps-head Drummers Jarsishes Craifishes Crabs Oisters c. At one hale they have caught as much Sturgeon Base and other great Fish as hath loaded a Frigot They have without Art Grapes Mulberries Maricocks like a Lemmon whose blossome may admit comparison with our most pleasant and beautiful Flowers and the fruit is exceeding delightful to the tast Many goodly Groves of Chincomen-Trees that have husks like a Chesnut and are good meat either raw or boiled Chesnuts great store and Walnuts plenty of three sorts Filberts Crabs smaller but sowrer than ours Anno Christi 1613. Mr. Alex. Whitaker who was Minister to the Colony writing to a Friend in London gives this account of the Natives They acknowledg saith he that there is a great good God but know him not having the eyes of their understandings yet blinded wherefore they serve the Devil for fear after a most base manner sacrificing somtime their own children to him His Image they paint upon one side of a Toad-stool much like to a deformed Monster Their Priests are no other but such as our English Witches are They live naked in body as if the shame of their sin deserved no covering they esteem it a virtue to lie deceive and steal as their Master the Devil teacheth them The Natives are not so simple as some have conceited For they are of Body strong lusty and very nimble they are a very understanding Generation quick of apprehension sudden in their dispatches subtile in their dealings exquisite in their inventions and industrious in their labour The World hath no better marks-men with their Bows and Arrows than they be they will kill Birds flying Fishes swimming and Beasts running They shoot with marvellous strength for they shot one of our English being unarmed quite through the Body and nailed both his Armes to his Body with one Arrow Their service to their God is answerable to their lives being performed with great fear and attention and many strange dumb shews are used in it stretching forth their limbs and straining their bodies exceedingly They stand in great awe of their Priests which are a Generation of Vipers even of Satans own brood The manner of their life is much like that of the Popish Hermites For they live alone in the Woods in Houses sequestred from the common course of men neither is any man suffered to come into their House for to speak with them but when the Priest calls them He takes no care for his Victuals for all necessaries of bread water c. are brought to a place near to his House and are there left which he fetches at his pleasure If they would have Rain or have lost any thing they have recourse to him who Conjures for them and many times he prevaileth If they be sick he is their Physitian if they be wounded he sucks them At his command they make War and Peace neither do they any thing of moment without him They have an evil Government amongst them a rude kind of Common-wealth and rough Government wherein they both honour and obey their Kings Parents and Governours they observe the limits of their own Possessions Murther is rarely heard off Adultery and other gross offences are severely punished The whole Continent of Virginia situated within the Degrees of 34. and 47. is a place beautified by God with all the Ornaments of Nature and enriched with his earthly Treasures That part of it which the English chiefly possess begins at the Bay of Chesapheac and stretching it self in Northerly Latitude to the Degrees of 39. 40. and is interlined with seven most goodly Rivers the least wherof is equal to our Thames and all these Rivers are so nearly joyned as that there is not very much distance of ground between either of them and those several pieces of Land betwixt them are every where watered with many veins and creeks which sundry wayes do cross the Land and make it almost Navigable from one River to another the commodity whereof is very great to the Planters in respect of the speedy and easie Transportation of Goods from one River to another The River Powhatan ebbs and flowes One hundred and forty miles into the Main at the mouth whereof are the two Forts of Henry and Charles Forty two miles upward is the first and Mother Town of the English seated called James Town and seventy miles beyond that upward is the Town of Henerico built Ten mile beyond this is a place called the Falls because the River hath there a great descent falling down between many Mineral Rocks which be there Twelve miles beyond these Falls is a Chrystal Rock with which the Indians use to head most of their Arrows The higher ground in Virginia is much like to the mould of France being clay and Sand mixed together at the top but digging any depth its red Clay full of glistering spangles As for Iron Steel Antimony and Terra Sigillata they are very frequent The air of the Country especially about Henerico and upwards is very temperate and agrees well with our English bodies The extremity of Summer is not hot as in Spain nor the cold in Winter so sharp as ours in England The Spring and Harvest are the two longest seasons and very pleasant The Summer and Winter are both but short The Winter for the most part is dry and fair but the Summer ofttimes watered with great and sudden showers of Rain whereby the cold of Winter is warmed and the heat of Summer is cooled Amongst the Beasts in